As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2018

Securities Act File No. 333-[ ]

1940 Act File No. 811-23333

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-2

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 [X]

 

and

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 [X]

 

Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

c/o UMB Fund Services, Inc.

235 West Galena Street

Milwaukee, WI 53212

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

414-299-2270

(Registrant’s Telephone Number)

 

Terrence P. Gallagher

235 West Galena Street

Milwaukee, WI 53212

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

Copy to:

Joshua D. Deringer, Esq.

Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP

One Logan Square, Ste. 2000

Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996

215-988-2700

 

APPROXIMATE DATE OF PROPOSED PUBLIC OFFERING:
AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE
OF THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT.

 

If any securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following bo x. [X]

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

 

[X] when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c)

 

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

TITLE OF SECURITIES BEING

REGISTERED

PROPOSED MAXIMUM AGGREGATE

OFFERING PRICE (1)

AMOUNT OF

REGISTRATION FEE

Shares of Beneficial Interest $1,000,000 $124.50
(1) Estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457 under the Securities Act of 1933.

 

THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(A) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SECTION 8(A), MAY DETERMINE.

 

 

 

Subject to Completion, [ ] [ ] 2018

 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund

PROSPECTUS

 

Class A Shares [TICKER ]

Class B Shares [TICKER ]

Class I Shares [TICKER]

 

[________], 2018

 

Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund (the “Fund”) is a Delaware statutory trust registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund intends to operate as an interval fund. The Fund operates under an Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated [ ] (the “Declaration of Trust”). Cliffwater LLC serves as the investment adviser (the “Investment Manager”) of the Fund. The Investment Manager is an investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Fund intends to qualify and elect to be treated as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

 

Total Offering (1)

  Class A Shares Class B Shares Class I Shares Total
Public Offering Price

Current Net

Asset Value

Current Net

Asset Value

Current Net

Asset Value

$1,000,000
Sales Charge (2) as a percentage of purchase amount 0.00% 1.00% 0.00%  
Proceeds to Fund (3)

Current Net

Asset Value

Current Net Asset Value Minus Sales Charge

Current Net

Asset Value

Up to $1,000,000

 

(1) Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) acts as the principal underwriter of the Fund’s Shares on a best-efforts basis. The Shares are being offered through the Distributor and may also be offered through other brokers or dealers that have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor. The Investment Manager and/or its affiliates may make payments to selected affiliated or unaffiliated third parties (including the parties who have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor) from time to time in connection with the distribution of Shares and/or the servicing of Shareholders and/or the Fund. These payments will be made out of the Investment Manager’s and/or affiliates’ own assets and will not represent an additional charge to the Fund. The amount of such payments may be significant in amount and the prospect of receiving any such payments may provide such third parties or their employees with an incentive to favor sales of Shares of the Fund over other investment options. See “DISTRIBUTOR.” The minimum initial investment in Class A Shares and Class B Shares by any investor is $10,000 and the minimum initial investment in Class I Shares by any investor is $1,000,000. However, the Fund, in its sole discretion, may accept investments below this minimum. See “Fund Summary - The Offering.”

 

(2) Investments in Class B Shares of the Fund are sold subject to a sales charge of up to 1.00% of the investment. For some investors, the sales charge may be waived or reduced. The full amount of the sales charges may be reallowed to brokers or dealers participating in the offering. Your financial intermediary may impose additional charges when you purchase Shares of the Fund. See “Fund Summary - The Offering.”

 

(3) The Fund’s initial offering expenses are described under “FUND FEES AND EXPENSES” below. The total of expenses of issuance and distribution are [$ ].

 

The primary investment objective of the Fund is to seek consistent current income, while the Fund’s secondary objective is capital preservation. Under normal market conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing at least 80% of its assets in direct loan investments. See “Investment Objectives and Strategies – Investment Strategies and Overview of Investment Process.” In pursuing its objectives, the Fund uses a “multi-manager” approach whereby the Fund’s assets are allocated to one or more sub-advisers, in percentages determined at the discretion of the Investment Manager. The Fund’s investment program is speculative and entails substantial risks. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s investment objectives will be achieved or that its investment program will be successful. Investors should consider the Fund as a supplement to an overall investment program and should invest only if they are willing to undertake the risks involved. Investors could lose some or all of their investment (see “PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE [ ]).

 

This prospectus (the “Prospectus”) applies to the public offering of three separate classes of shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) of the Fund, designated as Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares. The Shares will be offered during an initial public offering and in a continuous offering thereafter. The Shares will generally be offered for purchase on any business day, which is any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business, in each case subject to any applicable sales charges and other fees, as described herein. The Shares will be issued at net asset value per Share. The Fund has registered $1,000,000 for sale under the registration statement to which this Prospectus relates. No holder of Shares (each, a “Shareholder”) will have the right to require the Fund to redeem its Shares.

 

This Prospectus concisely provides information that you should know about the Fund before investing. You are advised to read this Prospectus carefully and to retain it for future reference. Additional information about the Fund, including the Fund’s statement of additional information (the “SAI”), dated [______], 2018, has been filed with the SEC. While the Fund does not maintain a website, you may request a free copy of this Prospectus, the SAI, annual and semi-annual reports, when available, and other information about the Fund, and make inquiries without charge by writing to the Fund, c/o UMB Fund Services, Inc., 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, WI 53212, or by calling the Fund toll-free at [ insert toll free number ]. The SAI is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus in its entirety. The table of contents of the SAI appears on page [ ] of this Prospectus. You may also obtain copies of the SAI, and the annual and semi-annual reports of the Fund, when available, as well as other information about the Fund on the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). The address of the SEC’s internet site is provided solely for the information of prospective investors and is not intended to be an active link.

 

   

 

Shares are an illiquid investment .

 

We do not intend to list the Shares on any securities exchange and we do not expect a secondary market in the Shares to develop.
You should generally not expect to be able to sell your Shares (other than through the limited repurchase process), regardless of how we perform.
Although we are required to implement a Share repurchase program, only a limited number of Shares will be eligible for repurchase by us.
You should consider that you may not have access to the money you invest for an indefinite period of time.
An investment in the Shares is not suitable for you if you need foreseeable access to the money you invest.
Because you will be unable to sell your Shares or have them repurchased immediately, you will find it difficult to reduce your exposure on a timely basis during a market downturn.

 

No Prior History . The Fund has no operating history and the Shares have no history of public trading.

 

Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has determined whether this Prospectus is truthful or complete, nor have they made, nor will they make, any determination as to whether anyone should buy these securities. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

You should not construe the contents of this Prospectus and the SAI as legal, tax or financial advice. You should consult with your own professional advisers as to legal, tax, financial, or other matters relevant to the suitability of an investment in the Fund.

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this Prospectus. The Fund has not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. You should not assume that the information provided by this Prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date shown below.

 

THE FUND’S Principal underwriter IS FORESIDE FUND SERVICES, LLC.

 

The date of this Prospectus is [_______], 2018.

 

 

 

Table of Contents

 

  Page
FUND SUMMARY 4
FUND FEES AND EXPENSES 10
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 13
USE OF PROCEEDS 13
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES 13
PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS 18
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND 35
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT FEE 37
DISTRIBUTOR 38
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN 39
ADMINISTRATION 39
CUSTODIAN 41
FUND EXPENSES 41
VOTING 41
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 41
OUTSTANDING SECURITIES 42
TENDER OFFERS/OFFERS TO REPURCHASE 43
TENDER/REPURCHASE PROCEDURES 43
TRANSFERS OF SHARES 44
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING 45
CREDIT FACILITY 45
CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE 45
TAXES 46
ERISA AND CODE CONSIDERATIONS 51
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES 51
PURCHASING SHARES 52
TERM, DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION 52
REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS 52
FISCAL YEAR 53
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM; LEGAL COUNSEL 53
INQUIRIES 54
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 55

 

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FUND SUMMARY

 

This is only a summary and does not contain all of the information that investors should consider before investing in the Fund. Investors should review the more detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus and SAI, especially the information set forth under the heading “Principal Risk Factors.”

 

The Fund and the Shares

Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund (the “Fund”) is a closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), and organized as a Delaware statutory trust on [ , 2018]. Cliffwater LLC serves as the investment adviser (the “Investment Manager”) of the Fund. The Investment Manager provides day-to-day investment management services to the Fund. The Fund is non-diversified, which means that under the Investment Company Act, it is not limited in the percentage of its assets that it may invest in any single issuer of securities.

 

The Fund offers three separate classes of shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) designated as Class A Shares (“Class A Shares”), Class B Shares (“Class B Shares”), and Class I Shares (“Class I Shares”). Class A Shares, Class B Shares and Class I Shares are subject to different fees and expenses. The Fund may offer additional classes of Shares in the future. The Fund has applied for and expects to receive an exemptive order from the SEC with respect to the Fund’s multi-class structure. Class A Shares and Class B Shares will not be offered to investors until the Fund has received an exemptive order permitting the multi-class structure. There is no assurance that the Fund will be granted the exemptive order.

 

The Fund intends to satisfy the diversification requirements necessary to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), which generally requires that, at the end of each quarter: (1) at least 50% of the Fund’s total assets are invested in (i) cash and cash items (including receivables), Federal Government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies; and (ii) securities of separate issuers, each of which amounts to no more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets (and no more than 10% of the issuer’s outstanding voting shares), and (2) no more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets are invested in (i) securities (other than Federal Government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer; (ii) the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers which the taxpayer controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses; or (iii) the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.

Investment Objectives and Strategies

The Fund’s primary investment objective is to seek consistent current income, while the Fund’s secondary objective is capital preservation. Under normal market conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing at least 80% of its assets in direct loan investments. The Fund’s direct loan investments may be made through a combination of: (i) investing in loans to companies that are originated directly by a non-bank lender (“direct loans”); (ii) investing in notes or other pass-through obligations representing the right to receive the principal and interest payments on a direct loan (or fractional portions thereof); (iii) purchasing asset-backed securities representing ownership in a pool of direct loans; and (iv) investing in companies and/or private investment funds (private funds that are exempt from registration under Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act) that primarily hold direct loans (the foregoing listed investments are collectively referred to herein as the “Direct Loan Instruments”). The Fund’s investments in private investment funds will be limited to no more than 10% of the Fund’s assets. The Fund uses a “multi-manager” approach whereby the Fund’s assets are allocated among the Investment Manager and one or more sub-advisers (each, a “Sub-Adviser” and together, the “Sub-Advisers”), in percentages determined at the discretion of the Investment Manager. The Investment Manager seeks to achieve the Fund’s investment objectives by delegating the management of a substantial portion of Fund assets to a group of experienced Sub-Advisers with expertise in managing portfolios of direct loans and Direct Loan Instruments. The Sub-Advisers, on behalf of the Fund, will originate and/or invest in a wide range of Direct Loan Instruments, with a focus on U.S. middle market corporate loans, and related Direct Loan Instruments. For these purposes, “middle market corporate loans” generally refers to direct loans made to a company with annual earnings (as measured by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or “EBITDA”) between approximately $10 million and $100 million. The Investment Manager intends to select as Sub-Advisers a combination of investment advisers with expertise in managing portfolios of direct loans and Direct Loan Instruments with different styles to reduce the Fund’s risk exposure to any one investment style and minimize overlap among Sub-Advisers. While the Investment Manager delegates a substantial portion of the day-to-day management of the Fund’s assets to a combination of Sub-Advisers, the Investment Manager retains overall supervisory responsibility for the general management and investment of the Fund’s investment portfolio. On an ongoing basis, the Investment Manager will determine the portion of Fund assets allocated to each Sub-Adviser based upon long-term fundamental policies, existing market conditions, and Sub-Adviser circumstances. The Investment Manager may exercise its discretion to manage a portion of Fund assets directly for any reason, including to modify the Fund’s exposure to a particular investment or market-related risk created by a Sub-Adviser, to invest the Fund’s assets pending allocation to a Sub-Adviser, or to establish positions in securities and strategies it deems appropriate for meeting the Fund’s investment objectives. The Fund’s engagement of a Sub-Adviser is subject to Shareholder approval by a vote of the holders of a majority of outstanding Shares (as defined in the Investment Company Act).

 

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There is no limit on the duration, maturity or credit quality of any investment in the Fund’s portfolio. The Fund may invest in sub-investment grade debt securities or “junk” debt securities and non-rated debt securities. These investments could constitute a material percentage of the Fund’s holdings at any given point in time. The Fund may leverage its investments by “borrowing.” The Fund anticipates engaging in borrowing during its first year of operation. The Fund may borrow cash for a number of reasons, including without limitation, in connection with its investment activities, to make distributions, to satisfy repurchase requests from Shareholders, and to otherwise provide the Fund with temporary liquidity. Borrowing will be limited to 33.33% of the Fund’s assets (50% of its net assets). The Fund may invest directly in foreign securities, including those from emerging markets, issued in both U.S. dollars and foreign currencies. The Fund’s allocation to these various security types, various asset classes and various market types will vary over time in response to changing market opportunities. It is not anticipated that investments in foreign securities and/or emerging markets will constitute a significant portion of the Fund’s investments. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives.

 

Except as otherwise indicated, the Fund may change its investment objectives and any of its investment policies, restrictions, strategies, and techniques without Shareholder approval. The investment objectives of the Fund are not a fundamental policy of the Fund and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board”) without the vote of a majority (as defined by the Investment Company Act) of the Fund’s outstanding Shares.

 

- 5

 

The Investment Manager and Sub-Advisers

As Investment Manager, Cliffwater LLC provides day-to-day investment management services to the Fund, including selecting Sub-Advisers and determining the amount of the Fund’s assets to allocate to each Sub-Adviser. Its principal place of business is located at 4640 Admiralty Way, 11th Floor, Marina del Rey, CA 90292-6623. The Investment Manager is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). As of [__________], approximately $[_________] of assets were under the advisement (includes discretionary and non-discretionary accounts) of the Investment Manager and its affiliates.

 

Each Sub-Adviser selected by the Investment Manager, subject to Shareholder approval, will be primarily responsible for its investment strategy and the day-to-day management of the Fund’s assets allocated to it by the Investment Manager. Currently, [insert sub-adviser names] serve as Sub-Advisers to the Fund. See “Management of the Fund.”

The Administrator

 

The Fund has retained UMB Fund Services, Inc. (the “Administrator”) to provide it with certain administrative services, including performing all actions related to the issuance and repurchase of Shares of the Fund. The Fund compensates the Administrator for these services and reimburses the Administrator for certain of its out-of-pocket expenses. See “ Fees and Expenses ” below.
Fees and Expenses The Fund bears its own operating expenses (including, without limitation, its offering expenses not paid by the Investment Manager). A more detailed discussion of the Fund’s expenses can be found under “ FUND EXPENSES.”
  Management Fees . The Fund pays the Investment Manager a management fee (the “Investment Management Fee”) at an annual rate of 1.00%, payable monthly in arrears, accrued daily based upon the Fund’s average daily net assets. In addition to the Investment Management Fee, the Fund pays each Sub-Adviser a sub-advisory fee on the portion of Fund assets managed by the Sub-Adviser. The portfolio management fees paid to a Sub-Adviser will be [ ]% of the allocable portion of the Fund’s assets managed by such Sub-Adviser. The Investment Management Fee paid to the Investment Manager and the portfolio management fees paid to the Sub-Advisers will be paid out of the Fund’s assets. Such management fees are paid before giving effect to any repurchase of Shares in the Fund effective as of that date, and will decrease the net profits or increase the net losses of the Fund that are credited to its Shareholders.
 

Administration Fee. The Fund pays the Administrator a minimum monthly administration fee of $2,500, or $30,000 on an annualized basis (the “Administration Fees”). The Administration Fees are paid to the Administrator out of the assets of the Fund, and therefore decrease the net profits or increase the net losses of the Fund. The Fund also reimburses the Administrator for certain out-of-pocket expenses and pays the Administrator a fee for transfer agency services. See “ ADMINISTRATION.”

 

The Fund has applied for exemptive relief from the SEC that will allow the Fund, subject to certain conditions, to adopt a Distribution and Service Plan with respect to Class A Shares in compliance with Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. Under the Distribution and Service Plan, the Fund will be permitted to pay as compensation up to 0.75% on an annualized basis of the aggregate net assets of the Fund attributable to Class A Shares (the “Distribution and Servicing Fee”) to the Fund’s Distributor or other qualified recipients under the Distribution and Service Plan. The Distribution and Servicing Fee will be paid out of the Fund’s assets and decreases the net profits or increases the net losses of the Fund . For purposes of determining the Distribution and Servicing Fee only, the value of the Fund’s assets will be calculated prior to any reduction for any fees and expenses, including, without limitation, the Distribution and Servicing Fee payable. Class B Shares and Class I Shares are not subject to the Distribution and Servicing Fee. Class A Shares will not be offered for sale until the Fund has received the requested exemptive relief from the SEC. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund had not received exemptive relief, and Class A Shares have not been offered for sale. There is no assurance that the Fund will be granted the exemptive order. See “ DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN ”.

 

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The Investment Manager has entered into an expense limitation and reimbursement agreement (the “Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement”) with the Fund, whereby the Investment Manager has agreed to waive fees that it would otherwise have been paid, and/or to assume expenses of the Fund (a “Waiver”), if required to ensure the Total Annual Expenses (excluding any taxes, fees and interest payments on borrowed funds, distribution and servicing fees, brokerage and distribution costs and expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-2), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary or non-routine expenses, such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 2.50% of the average daily net assets of Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares (the “Expense Limit”). Because taxes, fees and interest payments on borrowed funds, distribution and servicing fees, brokerage and distribution costs and expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary or non-routine expenses are excluded from the Expense Limit, Total Annual Expenses (after fee waivers and expense reimbursements) are expected to exceed 2.50% for the Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares. For a period not to exceed three years from the date on which a Waiver is made, the Investment Manager may recoup amounts waived or assumed, provided it is able to effect such recoupment and remain in compliance with the Expense Limit in place at the time of the Waiver and the current Expense Limit. The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement has an initial two-year term, which ends on [ ]. The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement will automatically renew for consecutive one-year terms thereafter unless terminated. Neither the Fund nor the Investment Manager may terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement during the initial term. After [ ], either the Fund or the Investment Manager may terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement upon 30 days’ written notice. See “FUND EXPENSES.”

The Offering The minimum initial investment in the Fund by any investor in Class A Shares and Class B Shares is $10,000, the minimum initial investment in the Fund by any investor in Class I Shares is $1,000,000, and the minimum additional investment in the Fund by any Shareholder is $5,000. However, the Fund, in its sole discretion, may accept investments below these minimums.
  The Shares will be offered during an initial public offering and in a continuous offering thereafter. Shares will generally be offered for purchase on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for business (each, a “Business Day”), except that Shares may be offered more or less frequently as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. Once a prospective investor’s purchase order is received, a confirmation is sent to the investor. Potential investors should send subscription funds by wire transfer pursuant to instructions provided to them by the Fund. Subscriptions are generally subject to the receipt of cleared funds on or prior to the acceptance date set by the Fund and notified to prospective investors.

 

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  A prospective investor must submit a completed investor application on or prior to the acceptance date set by the Fund. The Fund reserves the right to reject, in its sole discretion, any request to purchase Shares in the Fund at any time. The Fund also reserves the right to suspend or terminate offerings of Shares at any time at the Board’s discretion.
 

Investments in Class B Shares of the Fund may be subject to a sales charge of up to 1.00% of the subscription amount. The full amount of the sales charge may be reallowed to brokers or dealers participating in the offering. Your financial intermediary may impose additional charges when you purchase Shares of the Fund.

Distribution Policy The Fund plans to make quarterly distributions of substantially all of its net investment income. Distributions cannot be assured, and the amount of each distribution is likely to vary. Distributions will be paid at least annually in amounts representing substantially all of the net investment income not previously distributed in a quarterly distribution and net capital gains, if any, earned each year. The Fund is not a suitable investment for any investor who requires regular dividend income.
  Each Shareholder whose Shares are registered in its own name will automatically be a participant under the Fund’s dividend reinvestment program (the “DRIP”) and have all income dividends and/or capital gains distributions automatically reinvested in Shares priced at the then-current net asset value (“NAV”) unless such Shareholder, at any time, specifically elects to receive income dividends and/or capital gains distributions in cash. A Shareholder receiving Shares under the DRIP instead of cash distributions may still owe taxes and, because Fund Shares are generally illiquid, may need other sources of funds to pay any taxes due. The Fund reserves the right to cap the aggregate amount of any income dividends and/or capital gain distributions that are made in cash (rather than being reinvested) at a total amount of not less than 20% of the total amount distributed to Shareholders. In the event that Shareholders submit elections in aggregate to receive more than the cap amount of such a distribution in cash, any such cap amount will be pro-rated among those electing Shareholders. Inquiries concerning income dividends and/or capital gains distributions should be directed to the Fund’s Administrator, UMB Fund Services, Inc. at [ toll-free number ] or 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, WI 53212.
Repurchase Offers

The Fund intends to provide a limited degree of liquidity to the Shareholders by conducting repurchase offers quarterly with a Valuation Date (as defined below) on or about March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year. In each repurchase offer, the Fund may offer to repurchase its Shares at their NAV as determined as of approximately March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, of each year, as applicable (each, a “Valuation Date”). Each repurchase offer will be for no less than 5% of the Fund’s Shares outstanding, but if the value of Shares tendered for repurchase exceeds the value the Fund intended to repurchase, the Fund may determine to repurchase less than the full number of Shares tendered. In such event, Shareholders will have their Shares repurchased on a pro rata basis, and tendering Shareholders will not have all of their tendered Shares repurchased by the Fund. Shareholders tendering Shares for repurchase will be asked to give written notice of their intent to do so by the date specified in the notice describing the terms of the applicable repurchase offer, which date will be approximately fourteen (14) days prior to the Valuation Date. See “ TENDER OFFERS/OFFERS TO REPURCHASE .”

 

The pricing date for the Fund's first repurchase offer is expected to be [________].

 

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Risk Factors The Fund is subject to substantial risks — including market risks and strategy risks. The Fund will also be subject to the risks associated with the investment strategies employed by the Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers, which may include credit risks, prepayment risks, valuation risks, and interest rate risks. While the Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers will attempt to moderate any risks, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s investment activities will be successful or that the investors will not suffer losses. There may also be certain conflicts of interest relevant to the management of the Fund, arising out of, among other things, activities of the Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers and their affiliates and employees with respect to the management of accounts for other clients as well as the investment of proprietary assets. Prospective investors should review carefully the “PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS” section of this Prospectus. An investment in the Fund should only be made by investors who understand the risks involved and who are able to withstand the loss of the entire amount invested.
  Accordingly, the Fund should be considered a speculative investment, and you should invest in the Fund only if you can sustain a complete loss of your investment. Past results of the Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers, their respective principals, and the Fund are not indicative of future results. See “ PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS .”
Summary of Taxation The Fund has elected to be treated and qualify as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) for federal income tax purposes. As a RIC, the Fund will generally not be subject to federal corporate income tax, provided that when it is a RIC, it distributes out all of its income and gains each year. See “ TAXES .”

 

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FUND FEES AND EXPENSES

 

The following tables describe the aggregate fees and expenses that the Fund expects to incur and that the Shareholders can expect to bear, either directly or indirectly, through the Fund’s investments. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in the section titled “Purchasing Shares” beginning on page [ ] of this Prospectus.

 

  Class A Shares Class B Shares Class I Shares
TRANSACTION EXPENSES:      
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of subscription amount) (1) 0.00% 1.00% 0.00%
ANNUAL EXPENSES (AS A PERCENTAGE OF NET ASSETS ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHARES) (2)    
Management Fees (3) [   ]% [   ]% [   ]%
Distribution and Servicing Fee (4) 0.75% 0.00% 0.00%
Fees and Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds (5) [   ]% [   ]% [   ]%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (5) [   ]% [   ]% [   ]%
Other Expenses (5) [   ]% [   ]% [   ]%
Total Annual Expenses [   ]% [   ]% [   ]%
Less: Amount Paid or Absorbed Under Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (6) [   ]% [   ]% [   ]%
Net Annual Expenses (6) [   ]% [   ]% [   ]%

 

 

(1) Investors in Class B Shares may be charged a sales charge of up to 1.0% of the subscription amount.
   
(2) This table summarizes the expenses of the Fund and is designed to help investors understand the costs and expenses they will bear, directly or indirectly, by investing in the Fund. For purposes of determining net assets in fee table calculations, derivatives are valued at market value.
   
(3)

Management Fees include the Investment Management Fee paid to the Investment Manager at an annual rate of 1.00% payable monthly in arrears, accrued daily based upon the Fund’s average daily net assets. Management Fees also include portfolio management fees of the Sub-Advisers. The fees the Sub-Advisers charge the Fund are based on the Sub-Adviser’s sub-advisory agreement. The portfolio management fees paid to a Sub-Adviser will be [ ]% of the allocable portion of the Fund’s assets managed by such Sub-Adviser. The Investment Management Fee paid to the Investment Manager and the portfolio management fees paid to the Sub-Advisers will be paid out of the Fund’s assets. Such management fees are paid before giving effect to any repurchase of Shares in the Fund effective as of that date, and will decrease the net profits or increase the net losses of the Fund that are credited to its Shareholders.

 

(4) The Fund has applied to the SEC for exemptive relief to offer multiple classes of shares and to adopt a distribution and service plan for Class A Shares. Once the Fund has received such relief, investors may pay a Distribution and Servicing Fee of up to 0.75% on an annualized basis of the aggregate net assets of the Fund attributable to Class A Shares to the Fund’s Distributor or other qualified recipients. Payment of the Distribution and Servicing Fee will be governed by the Distribution and Service Plan for Class A Shares, which, pursuant to the conditions of an exemptive order expected to be issued by the SEC, will be adopted by the Fund with respect to Class A Shares in compliance with Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. Class B Shares and Class I Shares are not subject to the Distribution and Servicing Fee. See " DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN ."
   
(5) Fees and Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds, “Other Expenses” (as defined below), and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses represent estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

 

- 10

 

(6) The Investment Manager has entered into an expense limitation and reimbursement agreement (the “Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement”) with the Fund, whereby the Investment Manager has agreed to waive fees that it would otherwise have been paid, and/or to assume expenses of the Fund (a “Waiver”), if required to ensure the Total Annual Expenses (excluding any taxes, fees and interest payments on borrowed funds, distribution and servicing fees, brokerage and distribution costs and expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-2), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary or non-routine expenses, such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 2.50% of the average daily net assets of the Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares (the “Expense Limit”). Because taxes, fees and interest payments on borrowed funds, distribution and servicing fees, brokerage and distribution costs and expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary or non-routine expenses are excluded from the Expense Limit, Total Annual Expenses (after fee waivers and expense reimbursements) are expected to exceed 2.50% for the Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares. For a period not to exceed three years from the date on which a Waiver is made, the Investment Manager may recoup amounts waived or assumed, provided it is able to effect such recoupment and remain in compliance with the Expense Limit in place at the time of the Waiver and the current Expense Limit. The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement has an initial two-year term, which ends on [ ]. The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement will automatically renew for consecutive one-year terms thereafter unless terminated. Neither the Fund nor the Investment Manager may terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement during the initial term. After [ ], either the Fund or the Investment Manager may terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement upon 30 days’ written notice.

 

The purpose of the table above is to assist prospective investors in understanding the various fees and expenses Shareholders will bear directly or indirectly. “Other Expenses,” as shown above, is an estimate based on anticipated investments in the Fund and anticipated expenses for the current fiscal year of the Fund’s operations, and includes, among other things, professional fees and other expenses that the Fund will bear, including initial and ongoing offering costs and fees and expenses of the Administrator and custodian. For a more complete description of the various fees and expenses of the Fund, see “INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT FEE,” “ADMINISTRATION,” “FUND EXPENSES,” and “PURCHASING SHARES.”

 

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes that all distributions are reinvested at NAV and that the percentage amounts listed under annual expenses remain the same in the years shown (except that the example reflects the expense limitation for the 1 Year period and the first two years of the 3 Years, 5 Years and 10 Years periods in the example). The assumption in the hypothetical example of a 5% annual return is the same as that required by regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) applicable to all registered investment companies. The assumed 5% annual return is not a prediction of, and does not represent, the projected or actual performance of the Shares.

 

EXAMPLE

 

Class A Shares

 

You Would Pay the Following Expenses Based on

a $1,000 Investment in the Fund, Assuming a 5% Annual Return:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

  $[   ] $[   ] $[   ] $[   ]

 

Class B Shares

 

You Would Pay the Following Expenses Based on the Imposition of the

1.0% Sales Charge and a $1,000

Investment in the Fund, Assuming a 5% Annual Return:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

  $[   ] $[   ] $[   ] $[   ]

 

Class I Shares

 

You Would Pay the Following Expenses Based on

a $1,000 Investment in the Fund, Assuming a 5% Annual Return:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

  $[   ] $[   ] $[   ] $[   ]

 

- 11

 

The example is based on the annual fees and expenses of Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares set out in the table above and should not be considered a representation of future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown. Moreover, the rate of return of the Fund may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return used in the example. A greater rate of return than that used in the example would increase the dollar amount of the asset-based fees paid by the Fund.

 

- 12

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

Because the Fund has no performance history as of the date of this Prospectus, there are no financial highlights for the Fund.

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

The proceeds from the sale of Shares, not including the amount of any sales charges and the Fund’s fees and expenses (including, without limitation, offering expenses not paid by the Investment Manager), will be invested by the Fund in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and strategies as soon as practicable after receipt, consistent with market conditions and the availability of suitable investments. Delays in fully investing the Fund’s assets may occur, for example, because of the time required to complete certain transactions in direct loans and the Sub-Advisers’ ability to find suitable investments may be delayed. While the Fund’s investments are expected to be partially-invested within three months, the aforementioned delays may inhibit the Fund from being fully-invested until 18-24 months.

 

Pending the investment of the proceeds of any offering or any other available funds pursuant to the Fund’s investment objectives and strategies, a portion of such amounts, which may include a substantial portion of the proceeds of an offering, may be invested in short-term debt securities or money market funds. In addition, subject to applicable law, the Fund may maintain a portion of its assets in cash or short-term securities or money market funds to meet operational needs, for temporary defensive purposes, or to maintain liquidity. The Fund may be prevented from achieving its objective during any period in which the Fund’s assets are not substantially invested in accordance with its principal investment strategies.

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES

 

The Fund’s primary investment objective is to seek consistent current income, while the Fund’s secondary objective is capital preservation. The Fund uses a “multi-manager” approach whereby the Fund’s assets are allocated among the Investment Manager and one or more sub-advisers (each, a “Sub-Adviser” and together, the “Sub-Advisers”), in percentages determined at the discretion of the Investment Manager. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives.

 

Except as otherwise indicated, the Fund may change its investment objectives and any of its investment policies, restrictions, strategies, and techniques without Shareholder approval. The investment objectives of the Fund are not a fundamental policy of the Fund and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board”) without the vote of a majority (as defined by the Investment Company Act) of the Fund’s outstanding Shares.

 

INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND OVERVIEW OF INVESTMENT PROCESS

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing at least 80% of its assets in direct loan investments. The Fund’s direct loan investments may be made through a combination of: (i) investing in loans to companies that are originated directly by a non-bank lender (“direct loans”); (ii) investing in notes or other pass-through obligations representing the right to receive the principal and interest payments on a direct loan (or fractional portions thereof); (iii) purchasing asset-backed securities representing ownership in a pool of direct loans; and (iv) investing in companies and/or private investment funds (private funds that are exempt from registration under Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act) that primarily hold direct loans (the foregoing listed investments are collectively referred to herein as the “Direct Loan Instruments”). The Fund’s investments in private investment funds will be limited to no more than 10% of the Fund’s assets. The Investment Manager seeks to achieve the Fund’s investment objectives by delegating the management of a substantial portion of Fund assets to a group of experienced Sub-Advisers with expertise in managing portfolios of direct loans and Direct Loan Instruments. The Sub-Advisers, on behalf of the Fund, will originate and/or invest in a wide range of Direct Loan Instruments, with a focus on U.S. middle market corporate loans, and related Direct Loan Instruments. For these purposes, “middle market corporate loans” generally refers to direct loans made to a company with annual earnings (as measured by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or “EBITDA”) between approximately $10 million and $100 million. The Investment Manager intends to select as Sub-Advisers a combination of investment advisers with expertise in managing portfolios of direct loans and Direct Loan Instruments (referred to herein as “direct lending managers”) with different styles to reduce the Fund’s risk exposure to any one investment style and minimize overlap among Sub-Advisers. The Fund’s engagement of a Sub-Adviser is subject to Shareholder approval by a vote of the holders of a majority of outstanding Shares (as defined in the Investment Company Act).

 

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While the Investment Manager delegates a substantial portion of the day-to-day management of the Fund’s assets to a combination of Sub-Advisers, the Investment Manager retains overall supervisory responsibility for the general management and investment of the Fund’s investment portfolio. On an ongoing basis, the Investment Manager will determine the portion of Fund assets allocated to each Sub-Adviser based upon long-term fundamental policies, existing market conditions, and Sub-Adviser circumstances. The Investment Manager may exercise its discretion to manage a portion of Fund assets directly for any reason, including to modify the Fund’s exposure to a particular investment or market-related risk created by a Sub-Adviser, to invest the Fund’s assets pending allocation to a Sub-Adviser, or to establish positions in securities and strategies it deems appropriate for meeting the Fund’s investment objectives.

 

Key Characteristics of Direct Loans

 

Direct loans typically consist of intermediate- to long-term borrowings by companies that are originated directly by lenders without the traditional intermediary role of a bank or broker. Traditional direct lenders include insurance companies, business development companies, asset management firms (on behalf of their investors), and specialty finance companies.

 

Direct loans are commonly structured to include fixed payment schedules and extensive contractual rights and remedies. Direct loans generally pay interest on a monthly or quarterly basis, typically with maturities between three and seven years. Direct loans are priced primarily on a floating rate basis, with interest rates calculated on the basis of a fixed interest rate spread over a specified base rate. Consequently, the total rate of interest typically is variable, floating up or down with the specified base rate. While the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, is the most commonly used base rate, the U.S. prime rate also may be used. Loan terms may include a yield enhancement device commonly referred to as a “LIBOR Floor.” This feature sets a minimum rate to be used as the LIBOR or prime rate component of the loan’s interest rate calculation. Relative to the interest spreads on liquid credit asset classes (such bank loans), the interest spread on direct loans is generally higher, reflecting their lack of liquidity, non-rated status, and level of credit risk equivalent to or greater than that of non-investment grade loans and bonds. Direct loan pricing is influenced by several factors, including the borrower’s size, whether the borrower is private equity-backed, the position of the loan in the capital structure, and general market conditions.

 

Like bank loans, most direct loans are not rated by any rating agency. If they were rated, they likely would be rated as below investment grade quality. Loans rated below investment grade quality, which are often referred to as “junk” loans, are generally regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics and may carry a greater risk with respect to a borrower’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal.

 

Direct loans often are collateralized by a security interest against some or all of the borrower’s tangible and intangible assets, although some direct loans are unsecured. Examples of the types of secured loans include first lien, unitranche, and second lien. A lender in a first lien senior secured loan will have a first priority secured claim on all tangible and intangible assets of the borrower, including the proceeds of any sale of assets, should the borrower default on its obligations under such first lien senior secured loan. Such claim would rank senior in the capital structure of the borrower ahead of all junior, subordinated and/or unsecured creditors.

 

First lien senior secured loans typically do not include equity co-investments, warrants, or payment-in-kind, or “PIK”, payment terms. However, securities ranking more junior in a borrower’s capital structure may include some or all of these attributes. Any equity co-investments, warrants or PIK instruments held may include certain risks that are not applicable to more senior types of securities. These risks include the possibility of being unsecured with respect to a claim on such investments if the portfolio company were to go bankrupt or being paid less (or a complete loss of capital) upon such bankruptcy than otherwise would have been paid had such investment been in the form of a senior loan.

 

A potential additional component of return on direct loans is upfront or closing fees. These yield enhancements could also come in the form of a discount to the purchase price. When in discount form, this component is a form of deferred income that will be realized over time or upon final repayment of the loan. Such upfront fees, original issue discount (or “OID”), or closing fees serve to enhance the return on the investment.

 

Middle market companies are typical borrowers of direct loans, although the companies can range from the lower middle market (companies with approximately $10 million to $25 million in EBITDA) to upper middle market (companies with approximately $75 million to $100 million in EBITDA). Companies with annual EBITDA larger than $100 million are generally thought to achieve lower costs of financing by raising capital via the public and quasi-public debt markets, either through high yield bonds or broadly syndicated leveraged bank loans. Various inputs regarding a borrower usually are considered by the lender when deciding whether to make a direct loan, including the borrower’s industry, market position, tangible and intangible assets, earnings, cash flows, management team, capital structure, and sponsor(s) (if the company is externally sponsored).

 

- 14

 

Fund’s Target Investment Portfolio

 

The Investment Manager will allocate to each Sub-Adviser a portion of the Fund’s assets to invest and may retain a portion of the Fund’s assets to invest directly. Each Sub-Adviser has discretion to invest its portion of the Fund’s assets as it deems appropriate, subject to any investment guidelines agreed upon with the Investment Manager. While each Sub-Adviser is subject to the oversight of the Investment Manager, the Investment Manager does not attempt to coordinate or manage the day-to-day investments of the Sub-Advisers.

 

The Fund’s direct lending investments may include secured debt (including senior secured, unitranche and second lien debt) and unsecured debt (including senior unsecured and subordinated debt). In connection with a direct loan, the Fund may invest in warrants or other equity securities of borrowers and may receive non-cash income features, including PIK interest and original issue discount (“OID”).

 

The Fund’s remaining assets will be invested mostly in other public and private credit investments, including U.S. or global high yield securities (also known as “junk bonds”), bank loans, loan participations and assignments, non-performing loans, private and public business development companies (“BDCs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), mezzanine debt, and distressed securities. In order to manage the Fund’s liquidity, a portion of the Fund’s assets will be invested in cash or cash equivalents; however, in certain circumstances or market environments, the Fund may hold a larger position in cash or cash equivalents and reduce its investment in credit investments. The Fund also may invest in preferred securities, convertible securities, derivatives, exchange-traded funds and other investment companies. The Fund may invest in issuers outside the United States.

 

The Investment Manager believes the Fund’s investment strategy favors a modest amount of leverage consistent with the statutory limitations. Accordingly, the Fund intends to utilize leverage from borrowings to enhance yield within the 300% asset coverage (up to 50% of the Fund’s net assets) requirements of an interval fund. The Fund anticipates engaging in borrowings and utilizing leverage during its first twelve months of operations. The Fund is authorized to borrow cash in connection with its investment activities, to satisfy repurchase requests from Fund shareholders, and to otherwise provide the Fund with temporary liquidity. Borrowings will be limited to 33.33% of the Fund’s assets (50% of its net assets).

 

Direct Lending, Multi-Manager Strategy

 

After the 2008 financial crisis, the Investment Manager became actively involved in direct lending research. It has been recommending direct lending investments to its advisory clients since 2011 and has actively managed a publicly-traded BDC portfolio since August 2014. The Investment Manager has dedicated significant resources to developing its expertise in the direct lending marketplace and cultivating relationships with direct lending managers that it believes to be top-tier. The Investment Manager intends to bring to the management of the Fund its expertise, experience, and access in the direct lending market.

 

Based on its research, the Investment Manager believes that the direct lending marketplace is multi-factored, with each factor offering different levels of prospective income and credit risk. Three factor examples are borrower size ( e.g. , lower middle market vs. upper middle market), sponsored or non-sponsored borrower (where “sponsored borrower” refers to companies with the backing of a financial sponsor, e.g. , with investment from a private equity fund, and “non-sponsored borrower” refers to companies without the backing of a financial sponsor), and loan seniority ( e.g. , senior secured vs. second lien). Direct lending managers frequently specialize along these factors, offering investment styles that exhibit different levels of expected return (yield) and risk. The Investment Manager’s research also shows that there is no single investment style that is demonstrably better than others, and the Investment Manager believes that a superior outcome can be achieved when experienced direct lending managers of different styles are combined. Therefore, the Investment Manager employs a multi-manager structure for the Fund whereby the Investment Manager selects as Sub-Advisers a combination of direct lending managers with different styles to reduce the Fund’s risk exposure to any one investment style and minimize overlap among Sub-Advisers.

 

By using a multi-manager approach, the Investment Manager seeks to construct an overall portfolio of direct loans for the Fund that offers reduced investment risk exposure as compared to a fund that has only a single adviser or Sub-Adviser. The Investment Manager also believes that the employment of multiple Sub-Advisers gives the Fund greater flexibility in tactically changing characteristics of the Fund to better take advantage of investment opportunities and may reduce risk. Each Sub-Adviser will manage a portion of Fund assets to be invested in Direct Loan Instruments as selected by the Sub-Adviser. The portion of Fund assets allocated to each Sub-Adviser will be determined by the Investment Manager based upon long term fundamental policies, existing market conditions and Sub-Adviser circumstances, and may be changed at any time by the Investment Manager.

 

- 15

 

The Investment Manager believes that using multiple Sub-Advisers may benefit the Fund in the following ways:

 

1. Direct lending managers generally create portfolios with a limited number of individual borrowers, often fewer than fifty, which is much fewer than the number of individual borrowers that the Investment Manager believes represents a well-diversified portfolio. Combining several direct lending managers as Sub-Advisers may multiply the number of individual borrowers to a level where any single borrower represents a small fraction of total assets.

 

2. Direct lending managers have different styles. For example, some focus on senior secured debt while others specialize in second lien or subordinated debt. Some direct lending managers prefer only borrowers backed by private equity firms ( i.e. , sponsored borrowers) while others lend to non-sponsored borrowers. Direct lending managers also differ in the size of borrower that they seek. Some direct lending managers focus on smaller borrowers, seeking higher yields in exchange for the greater effort and cost these loans present. Other style factors can be a consideration, including geography and industry specialization. The Investment Manager believes that the Fund may benefit from a diversity of styles, something that it believes cannot be found within a single direct lending manager.

 

3. Direct loans are not fungible. Their origination and disposition can be uncertain and dependent upon both market and direct lending manager circumstances. Given that the opportunities for a single direct lending manager to originate and dispose of direct loans will vary over time, having access to multiple direct lending managers may enable the Fund to more easily adjust its level of investment in direct loans by tactically allocating assets among the Sub-Advisers depending on the amount of opportunities available to a Sub-Adviser at any given time.

 

4. The Fund will be able to adjust its future allocations among the Sub-Advisers to the extent a Sub-Adviser is not performing as expected or adverse circumstances are affecting a specific Sub-Adviser, which may be particularly beneficial given the illiquid nature of the Fund’s assets.

 

5. Tactical opportunities within the direct loan marketplace may be best implemented by changing allocations among the Sub-Advisers given their differing individual investment styles. For example, shifting allocations between senior and subordinated loans to take advantage of changing market conditions could be effectuated by reallocating Fund assets between Sub-Advisers focused on senior secured lending and others focused on subordinated or second lien lending.

 

In addition to monitoring the Sub-Advisers themselves, the Investment Manager will monitor the overall composition of the Fund’s portfolio as Direct Loan Instrument investments are made by the Sub-Advisers (e.g., how much is invested in senior secured loans vs. subordinated or second lien loans). The Investment Manager intends to actively manage the allocations among the Sub-Advisers to take advantage of tactical opportunities given the differing individual investment styles of the Sub-Advisers. For example, changes in desired allocations between senior and subordinated loans to take advantage of changing market conditions could be effectuated by shifting allocations of Fund assets among Sub-Advisers focused on senior secured loans and others focused on subordinated or second lien loans.

 

Investment Manager Selection and Monitoring of Sub-Advisers

 

The Investment Manager is responsible for hiring, terminating, and replacing Sub-Advisers, subject to the Board’s oversight and, if required, approval. The Investment Manager’s selection of Sub-Advisers will be critical to the operation and performance of the Fund. The following summarizes the (a) investment due diligence process used by the Investment Manager when determining to hire an investment adviser as a Sub-Adviser to the Fund and (b) the ongoing oversight, monitoring and supervision performed by the Investment manager when determining to continue an investment adviser as a Sub-Adviser to the Fund or to replace and terminate such Sub-Adviser. The investment due diligence process outlined below is the same process that was used by the Investment Manager to select the initial Sub-Advisers of the Fund.

 

The Investment Manager’s selection of sub-advisers will be critical to the operation and performance of the Fund. The Investment Manager looks to identify skilled investment advisory firms to serve as Sub-Advisers to the Fund. The Investment Manager will follow a systematic process for selecting Sub-Advisers. The Investment Manager’s first step is to identify the universe of direct lending managers. The second step is an initial review of such managers and the assignment by the Investment Manager of an A, B, or C-rating. In the Investment Manager’s rating system, a C-rating is assigned to those managers that the Investment Manager determines are not institutional quality, a B-rating is assigned to those managers that the Investment Manager determines are institutional quality, but possess some perceived weaknesses such that the Investment Manager does not believe they should be recommended for approval, and an A-rating is assigned to those managers that the Investment Manager determines are potentially of high, institutional quality and are appropriate to move on to more comprehensive due diligence. The Investment Manager’s more comprehensive due diligence process for A-rated managers comprises two independent phases: investment due diligence and operations due diligence.

 

- 16

 

The Investment Manager’s investment due diligence process begins with an assessment of the manager’s organization, including the quality of personnel and resources. A review of the manager’s investment process follows, focusing on strategy, origination, underwriting, loan detail, workout capabilities, and investment monitoring. The Investment Manager also reviews the manager’s methods for portfolio construction and use of financing, including the expected mix of loans in the portfolio, such as the loans’ seniority in the capital structure, industry, and borrower profile ( e.g. , sponsored vs. non-sponsored), the portfolio’s financing sources and terms of financing, and an assessment of the appropriateness of fees and expenses. Finally, the Investment Manager reviews the manager’s track record by collecting detailed past performance data and comparing it with that achieved by other direct lending managers to determine if the manager has been successful in originating, underwriting and working out loans and if the manager has met its return targets in differing credit environments. The Investment Manager also places special emphasis on a manager’s credit loss history. As part of the investment due diligence process, the Investment Manager also interviews senior members of the manager’s investment team during onsite visits to the manager’s office and conducts third party confidential reference checks. In addition, meetings by a research group comprising research professionals of the Investment Manager are held to report progress and gain a broad range of opinion by other research professionals.

 

In its operations due diligence process, the Investment Manager first examines how the manager’s operational activities are organized and the manager’s governance and compliance structure. The Investment Manager looks for a strong business management structure that includes business professionals and processes focused on legal, regulatory and compliance, as well as sound business risk management practices, including liability insurance and disaster recovery plans. Next, the Investment Manager evaluates the manager’s operations and technology systems and the personnel carrying them out to assess whether experienced operating staff is managing non-investment functions and duties are segregated to ensure proper controls. The Investment Manager also reviews the manager’s compliance program and other key processes and procedures, including those in the areas of valuation and financing to determine whether they are structured to mitigate risk. Finally, the Investment Manager conducts a review of the manager’s outside service providers such as administrators, auditors and third party valuation experts, to determine if they meet industry standards.

 

On an ongoing basis, the Investment Manager will determine the portion of Fund assets allocated to each Sub-Adviser based upon long-term fundamental policies, existing market conditions and Sub-Adviser circumstances. The Investment Manager will review the performance of each Sub-Adviser’s underlying portfolio investments and will evaluate each Sub-Adviser’s absolute and relative returns (where the Sub-Adviser’s returns are evaluated against market indices and various peer universes). The Investment Manager also will continue to evaluate each Sub-Adviser’s organizational stability, investment team and compliance program and will monitor changes in personnel, investment strategy, compliances policies, valuation policies, and any other developments that could negatively impact the organization or the Sub-Adviser’s services to the Fund. At least once a year, the Investment Manager will re-underwrite its investment and operations due diligence on each Sub-Adviser. The results of such due diligence processes will be reviewed by the Investment Manager’s Investment Strategy Committee to determine whether any changes in the selection of Sub-Advisers may be appropriate.

 

Other Information Regarding Investment Strategy

 

The Fund may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategy in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. During such times, the Investment Manager may determine that a large portion of the Fund’s assets should be invested in cash or cash equivalents, including money market instruments, prime commercial paper, repurchase agreements, municipal bonds, bank accounts, Treasury bills and other short-term obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. In these and in other cases, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective. The Investment Manager may invest the Fund’s cash balances in any investments it deems appropriate.

 

The frequency and amount of portfolio purchases and sales (known as the “portfolio turnover rate”) may vary from year to year. It is anticipated that the Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate will ordinarily be between 25% and 50%. The portfolio turnover rate is not expected to exceed 100%, but may vary from year to year and will not be a limiting factor when the Investment Manager deems portfolio changes appropriate. The Fund may engage in short-term trading strategies, and securities may be sold without regard to the length of time held when, in the opinion of the Investment Manager, investment considerations warrant such action. These policies may have the effect of increasing the annual rate of portfolio turnover of the Fund. If securities are not held for the applicable holding periods, dividends paid on them will not qualify for the advantageous federal tax rates.

 

- 17

 

PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS

 

All investments carry risks to some degree. The Fund cannot guarantee that its investment objective will be achieved or that its strategy of investing in the Fund will be successful. An investment in the Fund involves substantial risks, including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost.

 

GENERAL RISKS

 

LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY. The Fund was organized on [ ]. It had not yet commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus and has no operating history. The Fund may not succeed in meeting its objective, and its NAV may decrease. As a new Fund, there is no assurance that the Fund will grow or maintain economically viable size, which may result in increased Fund expenses or a determination to liquidate the Fund.

 

MINIMAL CAPITALIZATION. The Fund is not obligated to raise any specific amount of capital prior to commencing operations. There is a risk that the amount of capital actually raised by the Fund through the offering of its shares may be insufficient to achieve profitability or allow the Fund to realize its investment objective. An inability to raise additional capital may adversely affect the Fund’s financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, as well as its compliance with regulatory requirements. Further, if the Fund is unable to raise sufficient capital, Shareholders may bear higher expenses due to a lack of economies of scale.

 

REPURCHASE OFFERS; LIMITED LIQUIDITY. The Fund is a closed-end investment company structured as an “interval fund” and, as such, has adopted a fundamental policy to make quarterly repurchase offers, at per-class NAV, of not less than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares on the repurchase request deadline. The Fund will offer to purchase only a small portion of its Shares each quarter, and there is no guarantee that Shareholders will be able to sell all of the Shares that they desire to sell in any particular repurchase offer. Under current regulations, such offers must be for not less than 5% nor more than 25% of the Fund’s Shares outstanding on the repurchase request deadline. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder. The potential for proration may cause some investors to tender more Shares for repurchase than they wish to have repurchased.

 

Shares in the Fund provide limited liquidity since Shareholders will not be able to redeem Shares on a daily basis. A Shareholder may not be able to tender its Shares in the Fund promptly after it has made a decision to do so. In addition, with very limited exceptions, Shares are not transferable, and liquidity will be provided only through repurchase offers made quarterly by the Fund. Shares in the Fund are therefore suitable only for investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of Shares and should be viewed as a long-term investment.

 

The Fund’s repurchase policy will have the effect of decreasing the size of the Fund over time from what it otherwise would have been. Such a decrease may therefore force the Fund to sell assets it would not otherwise sell. It may also reduce the investment opportunities available to it and cause its expense ratio to increase.

 

If a Shareholder tenders all of its Shares (or a portion of its Shares) in connection with a repurchase offer made by the Fund, that tender may not be rescinded by the Shareholder after the date on which the repurchase offer terminates. However, although the amount payable to the Shareholder will be based on the value of the Fund’s assets as of the repurchase date, the value of Shares that are tendered by Shareholders generally will not be determined until approximately fourteen (14) days after the repurchase offer terminates. Thus, a Shareholder will not know its repurchase price until after it has irrevocably tendered its Shares.

 

DISTRIBUTION POLICY . The Fund’s distribution policy is to make quarterly distributions of substantially all of its net investment income. Distributions cannot be assured, and the amount of each distribution is likely to vary. Distributions will be paid at least annually in amounts representing substantially all of the net investment income not previously distributed in a quarterly distribution and net capital gains, if any, earned each year. All or a portion of an annual distribution may consist solely of a return of capital ( i.e. , from your original investment) and not a return of net investment income. Shareholders should not assume that the source of a distribution from the Fund is net investment income. Shareholders should note that return of capital will reduce the tax basis of their shares and potentially increase the taxable gain, if any, upon disposition of their shares.

 

BORROWING, USE OF LEVERAGE. The Fund may leverage its investments by “borrowing.” The use of leverage increases both risk of loss and profit potential. The Fund is subject to the Investment Company Act requirement that an investment company satisfy an asset coverage requirement of 300% of its indebtedness, including amounts borrowed, measured at the time the investment company incurs the indebtedness (the “Asset Coverage Requirement”). This means that at any given time the value of the Fund’s total indebtedness may not exceed one-third the value of its total assets (including such indebtedness). The interests of persons with whom the Fund enters into leverage arrangements will not necessarily be aligned with the interests of the Fund’s Shareholders and such persons will have claims on the Fund’s assets that are senior to those of the Fund’s Shareholders. In addition to the risks created by the Fund’s use of leverage, the Fund is subject to the additional risk that it would be unable to timely, or at all, obtain leverage borrowing. The Fund might also be required to de-leverage, selling securities at a potentially inopportune time and incurring tax consequences. Further, the Fund’s ability to generate income from the use of leverage would be adversely affected.

 

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Non-Diversified Status. The Fund is a “non-diversified” management investment company. Thus, there are no percentage limitations imposed by the Investment Company Act on the Fund’s assets that may be invested, directly or indirectly, in the securities of any one issuer. Consequently, if one or more securities are allocated a relatively large percentage of the Fund’s assets, losses suffered by such securities could result in a higher reduction in the Fund’s capital than if such capital had been more proportionately allocated among a larger number of securities. The Fund may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company.

 

LEGAL, TAX AND REGULATORY. Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur that may materially adversely affect the Fund. For example, the regulatory environment for leveraged investors is evolving, and changes in the direct or indirect regulation of leveraged investors may materially adversely affect the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment objective or strategies. Increased regulatory oversight and other legislation or regulation could result. Such legislation or regulation could pose additional risks and result in material adverse consequences to the Fund and/or limit potential investment strategies that would have otherwise been used by the Fund in order to seek to obtain higher returns.

 

DEPENDENCE ON THE INVESTMENT MANAGER . The success of the Fund depends upon the ability of the Investment Manager and Sub-Advisers to develop and implement investment strategies that achieve the investment objective of the Fund. Shareholders will have no right or power to participate in the management or control of the Fund.

 

RELIANCE ON THE SUB-ADVISERS . Although the Fund and the Investment Manager will evaluate regularly each Sub-Adviser to determine whether their respective investment programs are consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and whether the investment performance is satisfactory, the Investment Manager will not have any control over the investments made by a Sub-Adviser. Even though the Sub-Advisers are subject to certain constraints, the Sub-Advisers may change certain aspects of their investment strategies. The Investment Manager and the Board will engage in the necessary due diligence to ensure that the Fund’s assets are invested with Sub-Advisers which provide reports that will enable them to monitor the Fund’s investments as to their overall performance, sources of income, asset valuations and liabilities, however, there is no assurance that such efforts will necessarily detect fraud, malfeasance, inadequate back office systems or other flaws or problems with respect to the Sub-Adviser’s operations and activities. The Investment Manager will be dependent on information provided by the Sub-Advisers, which if inaccurate could adversely affect the Investment Manager’s ability to manage the Fund’s investment portfolio in accordance with its investment objectives.

 

MULTI-MANAGER RISK . Fund performance is dependent upon the success of the Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers in implementing the Fund’s investment strategies in pursuit of its investment objective. To a significant extent, the Fund’s performance will depend on the success of the Investment Manager’s methodology in allocating the Fund’s assets to the Sub-Advisers and its selection and oversight of the Sub-Advisers. The Sub-Advisers selected by the Investment Manager may underperform the market generally or other sub-advisers that could have been selected for the Fund. The Sub-Advisers’ investment styles may not always be complementary, which could adversely affect the performance of the Fund. In addition, the Sub-Advisers invest independently of each other and may pursue investment strategies that “compete” with each other for investment opportunities, which could have the result of increasing an investment’s cost.

 

MANAGEMENT RISK . The net asset value of the Fund changes daily based on the performance of the securities in which it invests. The Investment Manager’s and the Sub-Advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of a particular sector and securities in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and may not produce the desired results.

 

APPROVAL OF SUB-ADVISORY RELATIONSHIPS . The Fund and the Investment Manager have entered into sub-advisory relationships with the Sub-Advisers. Such relationships were entered into upon Board approval and upon the approval of a majority (as defined under the Investment Company Act) of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (at such time) pursuant to the Investment Company Act. If the Investment Manager seeks to replace or add a Sub-Adviser, the Investment Manager must obtain Shareholder approval for any new Sub-Adviser identified as attractive candidate for a sub-advisory relationship. If such approval is not received with respect to a particular Sub-Adviser, the Fund will be prohibited from allocating assets to such Sub-Adviser. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Fund or the Investment Manager will be able to retain attractive institutional asset managers to sub-advise the Fund’s assets.

 

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PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. The Fund may sell securities without regard to the length of time they have been held to take advantage of new investment opportunities, when the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser feels either the securities no longer meet its investment criteria or the potential for capital appreciation has lessened, or for other reasons. The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year to year. A high portfolio turnover rate (100% or more) increases the Fund’s transaction costs (including brokerage commissions and dealer costs), which would adversely impact the Fund’s performance. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the realization of more short-term capital gains than if the Fund had lower portfolio turnover. The turnover rate will not be a limiting factor, however, if the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser considers portfolio changes appropriate.

 

LARGE SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTIONS RISK. S hares of the Fund may be offered to certain other investment companies, large retirement plans and other large investors. As a result, the Fund is subject to the risk that those Shareholders may purchase or redeem a large amount of shares of the Fund. In addition, large purchases of Fund shares could adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund does not immediately invest cash it receives and therefore holds more cash than it ordinarily would. Large Shareholder activity could also generate increased transaction costs and cause adverse tax consequences.

 

NON-QUALIFICATION AS A REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANY. If for any taxable year the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), all of its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions. To qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must meet three numerical requirements each year regarding (i) the diversification of the assets it holds, (ii) the income it earns, and (iii) the amount of taxable income that it distributes to Shareholders. These requirements and certain additional tax risks associated with investments in the Fund are discussed in “TAXES” in this Prospectus.

 

CYBERSECURITY RISK . Cybersecurity refers to the combination of technologies, processes and procedures established to protect information technology systems and data from unauthorized access, attack or damage. The Fund and its affiliates and third-party service providers are subject to cybersecurity risks. Cyber security risks have significantly increased in recent years and the Fund could suffer such losses in the future. The Fund’s and its affiliates’ and third-party service providers’ computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have a security impact. If one or more of such events occur, this potentially could jeopardize confidential and other information, including nonpublic personal information and sensitive business data, processed and stored in, and transmitted through, computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in the Fund’s operations or the operations of their respective affiliates and third-party service providers. This could result in significant losses, reputational damage, litigation, regulatory fines or penalties, or otherwise adversely affect the Fund’s business, financial condition or results of operations. Privacy and information security laws and regulation changes, and compliance with those changes, may result in cost increases due to system changes and the development of new administrative processes. In addition, the Fund may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify the Fund’s protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks.

 

OPERATIONAL RISK . An investment in the Fund, like any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of these failures, errors or breaches could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the Fund.

 

RELIANCE ON TECHNOLOGY . The Fund’s business is highly dependent on the communications and information systems of the Investment Manager and/or the Sub-Advisers. In addition, certain of these systems are provided to the Investment Manager and/or the Sub-Advisers by third-party service providers. Any failure or interruption of such systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any such third-party service provider, could cause delays or other problems in the Fund’s activities. This, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s operating results.

 

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INVESTMENT-RELATED RISKS

 

GENERAL INVESTMENT-RELATED RISKS

 

MARKET RISK . An investment in shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in shares represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Fund. The value of these securities, like other market investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of your shares at any point in time may be worth less than the value of your original investment, even after taking into account any reinvestment of dividends and distributions.

 

GENERAL ECONOMIC AND MARKET CONDITIONS. The success of the Fund’s investment program may be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws, and national and international political circumstances. These factors may affect the level and volatility of securities prices and the liquidity of investments held by the Fund. Unexpected volatility or illiquidity could impair the Fund’s profitability or result in losses.

 

In June 2016, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) voted in a referendum to leave the European Union (“EU”). Although the precise timeframe for “Brexit” is uncertain, it is currently expected that the UK will seek to withdraw from the EU by invoking Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty and that the completion date of their exit shall fall within two years from the date of notification to the European Council of the UK’s intention to withdraw. It is unclear how withdrawal negotiations will be conducted and what the potential consequences may be. In addition, it is possible that measures could be taken to revote on the issue of Brexit, or that portions of the UK could seek to separate and remain a part of the EU. The political divisions within the UK, as well as those between the UK and the EU, which the referendum vote has highlighted coupled with the uncertain consequences of a Brexit, may have a significant impact upon the UK and European economies as well as the broader global economy. As a result, markets in the UK, Europe and globally could experience increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth which in return could potentially have an adverse effect on the value of the Fund’s investments.

 

RISKS OF SECURITIES ACTIVITIES. The Fund will invest and trade in a variety of different securities, and utilize a variety of investment instruments and techniques. Each security and each instrument and technique involves the risk of loss of capital. While the Investment Manager and/or Sub-Advisers will attempt to moderate these risks, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s investment activities will be successful or that the Shareholders will not suffer losses.

 

COUNTERPARTY RISK . Many of the markets in which the Fund effects its transactions are “over the counter” or “inter-dealer” markets. The participants in these markets are typically not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of “exchange based” markets. These risks may differ materially from those associated with transactions effected on an exchange, which generally are backed by clearing organization guarantees, daily marking to market and settlement, and segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Transactions entered into directly between two counterparties generally do not benefit from such protections. This exposes the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. Such counterparty risk is accentuated in the case of contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. The Fund is not restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty or from concentrating its investments with one counterparty. The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or number of counterparties, the lack of any independent evaluation of such counterparties’ financial capabilities and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund.

 

SOURCING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES RISK . The Fund has not identified the potential investments for its portfolio that it will acquire. It cannot be certain that the Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers will be able to locate a sufficient number of suitable investment opportunities to allow the Fund to fully implement its investment strategy. In addition, privately negotiated investments in loans and illiquid securities of private middle-market companies require substantial due diligence and structuring, and the Fund may not be able to achieve its anticipated investment pace. These factors increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in the Fund. To the extent the Fund is unable to deploy its capital, its investment income and, in turn, the results of its operations, will likely be materially adversely affected.

 

Competition for Assets Risk . The current lending market in which the Fund participates is competitive and rapidly changing. The Fund may face increasing competition for access to direct loans as the lending industry continues to evolve. The Fund may face competition from other institutional lenders such as pooled investment vehicles and commercial banks that are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial and other resources than the Fund. These potential competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than the Fund, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships with direct lending platforms than the Fund. A direct lending platform may have similar arrangements with other parties, thereby reducing the potential investments of the Fund through such platform. There can be no assurance that the competitive pressures the Fund may face will not erode the Fund’s ability to deploy capital. If the Fund is limited in its ability to invest in direct loans, it may be forced to invest in cash, cash equivalents or other assets that may result in lower returns than otherwise may be available through investments in direct loans. If the Fund’s access to direct lending platforms is limited, it would also be subject to increased concentration and counterparty risk.

 

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The consumer and commercial lending business is highly competitive and direct lending platforms compete with other direct lending platforms as well as larger banking, securities and investment banking firms that have substantially greater financial resources. There can be no guarantee that origination growth experienced by certain direct lending platforms in recent periods will continue. Without a sufficient number of new qualified loan requests, there can be no assurances that the Fund will be able to compete effectively for direct loans with other market participants. General economic factors and market conditions, including the general interest rate environment, unemployment rates, and perceived consumer demand may affect borrower willingness to seek direct loans and investor ability and desire to invest in direct loans.

 

DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL RISK . The Investment Manager and/or a Sub-Adviser may be dependent upon the experience and expertise of certain key personnel in providing services with respect to the Fund’s investments. If the Investment Manager and/or a Sub-Adviser were to lose the services of these individuals, its ability to service the Fund could be adversely affected. As with any managed fund, the Investment Manager and/or the Sub-Adviser may not be successful in selecting the best-performing securities or investment techniques for the Fund’s portfolio and the Fund’s performance may lag behind that of similar funds. The Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers have informed the Fund that their respective investment professionals are actively involved in other investment activities not concerning the Fund and will not be able to devote all of their time to the Fund’s business and affairs. In addition, individuals not currently associated with the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser may become associated with the Fund and the performance of the Fund may also depend on the experience and expertise of such individuals.

 

Investment Strategy -SPECIFIC INVESTMENT-RELATED RISKS

 

In addition to the risks generally described in this Prospectus and the SAI, the following are some of the specific risks of the investment strategy:

 

DEBT SECURITIES . Under normal market conditions, the Fund expects to primarily invest in debt and debt-related securities. One of the fundamental risks associated with such investments is credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt obligations when due. Adverse changes in the financial condition of an issuer or in general economic conditions (or both) may impair the ability of such issuer to make such payments and result in defaults on, and declines in, the value of its debt. The Fund’s return to Shareholders would be adversely impacted if an issuer of debt securities in which the Fund invests becomes unable to make such payments when due. Other risk factors include interest rate risk (a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of debt securities) and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.

 

Default Risk . The ability of the Fund to generate income through its loan investments is dependent upon payments being made by the borrower underlying such loan investments. If a borrower is unable to make its payments on a loan, the Fund may be greatly limited in its ability to recover any outstanding principal and interest under such loan.

 

A portion of the loans in which the Fund may invest will not be secured by any collateral, will not be guaranteed or insured by a third party and will not be backed by any governmental authority. The Fund may need to rely on the collection efforts of third parties, which also may be limited in their ability to collect on defaulted loans. The Fund may not have direct recourse against borrowers, may not be able to contact a borrower about a loan and may not be able to pursue borrowers to collect payment under loans. To the extent a loans is secured, there can be no assurance as to the amount of any funds that may be realized from recovering and liquidating any collateral or the timing of such recovery and liquidation and hence there is no assurance that sufficient funds (or, possibly, any funds) will be available to offset any payment defaults that occur under the loans. Loans are credit obligations of the borrowers and the terms of certain loans may not restrict the borrowers from incurring additional debt. If a borrower incurs additional debt after obtaining a loan through a platform, the additional debt may adversely affect the borrower’s creditworthiness generally, and could result in the financial distress, insolvency or bankruptcy of the borrower. This circumstance would ultimately impair the ability of that borrower to make payments on its loans and the Fund’s ability to receive the principal and interest payments that it expects to receive on such loan. To the extent borrowers incur other indebtedness that is secured, the ability of the secured creditors to exercise remedies against the assets of that borrower may impair the borrower’s ability to repay its loans or it may impair the a third party’s ability to collect, on behalf of the Fund, on the loan upon default. To the extent that a loan is unsecured, borrowers may choose to repay obligations under other indebtedness (such as loans obtained from traditional lending sources) before repaying a loan facilitated through a direct lending platform because the borrowers have no collateral at risk. The Fund will not be made aware of any additional debt incurred by a borrower or whether such debt is secured.

 

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If a borrower files for bankruptcy, any pending collection actions will automatically be put on hold and further collection action will not be permitted absent court approval. It is possible that a borrower’s liability on its loan will be discharged in bankruptcy. In most cases involving the bankruptcy of a borrower with an unsecured loan, unsecured creditors will receive only a fraction of any amount outstanding on the loan, if anything.

 

SECURED DEBT . Secured debt holds the most senior position in the capital structure of a borrower. Secured debt in most circumstances is fully collateralized by assets of the borrower. Thus, it is generally repaid before unsecured bank loans, corporate bonds, subordinated debt, trade creditors, and preferred or common stockholders. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing the Fund’s loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise, and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the borrower to raise additional capital. Also, substantial increases in interest rates may cause an increase in loan defaults as borrowers may lack resources to meet higher debt service requirements. In some circumstances, the Fund’s security interest could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, any deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and prospects, including any inability on its part to raise additional capital, may result in the deterioration in the value of the related collateral. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that the Fund will receive principal and interest payments according to the investment terms or at all, or that the Fund will be able to collect on the investment should the Fund be forced to enforce its remedies. Moreover, the security for the Fund’s investments in secured debt may not be recognized for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make required filings by lenders, trustees or other responsible parties and, as a result, the Fund may not have priority over other creditors as anticipated.

 

Secured debt usually includes restrictive covenants, which must be maintained by the borrower. The Fund may have an obligation with respect to certain senior secured term loan investments to make additional loans upon demand by the borrower. Such instruments, unlike certain bonds, usually do not have call protection. This means that such interests, while having a stated term, may be prepaid, often without penalty. The rate of such prepayments may be affected by, among other things, general business and economic conditions, as well as the financial status of the borrower. Prepayment would cause the actual duration of a senior loan to be shorter than its stated maturity.

 

Secured debt typically will be secured by pledges of collateral from the borrower in the form of tangible and intangible assets. In some instances, the Fund may invest in secured debt that is secured only by stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates. The value of the collateral may decline below the principal amount of the senior secured term loans subsequent to an investment by the Fund.

 

SECOND LIEN AND SUBORDINATED LOANS . The Fund may invest in secured subordinated loans, including second and lower lien loans. Second lien loans are generally second in line in terms of repayment priority. A second lien loan may have a claim on the same collateral pool as the first lien or it may be secured by a separate set of assets. Second lien loans generally give investors priority over general unsecured creditors in the event of an asset sale. The priority of the collateral claims of third or lower lien loans ranks below holders of second lien loans and so on. Such junior loans are subject to the same general risks inherent to any loan investment, including credit risk, market and liquidity risk, and interest rate risk. Due to their lower place in the borrower’s capital structure and possible unsecured or partially secured status, such loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior loans of the same borrower. In addition, the rights the Fund may have with respect to the collateral securing the loans the Fund makes to borrowers with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that the Fund may enter into with the holders of such senior debt. Under a typical intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens: (i) the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral; (ii) the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings; (iii) the approval of amendments to collateral documents; (iv) releases of liens on the collateral; and (v) waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. The Fund may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if the Fund rights are adversely affected.

 

UNSECURED LOANS . The Fund may make unsecured loans to borrowers, meaning that such loans will not benefit from any interest in collateral of such borrowers. Liens on such a borrower’s collateral, if any, will secure the borrower’s obligations under its outstanding secured debt and may secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the borrower under its secured loan agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before the Fund. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the Fund’s unsecured loan obligations after payment in full of all secured loan obligations. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured loan obligations, then the Fund’s unsecured claims would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors’ claims against the borrower’s remaining assets, if any.

 

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Equity Investments . When the Fund invests in loans and debt securities, the Fund may acquire warrants or other equity securities of borrowers as well. The Fund may also invest in warrants and equity securities directly. To the extent the Fund holds equity investments, the Fund will attempt to dispose of them and realize gains upon the disposition of such equity investments. However, the equity interests the Fund receives may not appreciate in value and, may decline in value. As a result, the Fund may not be able to realize gains from its equity interests, and any gains that the Fund does realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses the Fund experiences.

 

Warrants are securities that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase equity securities of the company issuing the warrants, or a related company, at a fixed price either on a date certain or during a set period. The price of a warrant tends to be more volatile than, and may not correlate exactly to, the price of the underlying security. If the market price of the underlying security is below the exercise price of the warrant on its expiration date, the warrant will generally expire without value. Investing in warrants can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an equivalent investment in the underlying security, and, thus, can be a speculative investment. The value of a warrant may decline because of a decline in the value of the underlying security, the passage of time, changes in interest rates or in the dividend or other policies of the company whose equity underlies the warrant or a change in the perception as to the future price of the underlying security, or any combination thereof. Warrants do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities that they entitle the holder to purchase, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer.

 

Private Investment Funds Risk . The Fund may invest in private investment funds that are not registered as investment companies. As a result, the Fund as an investor in these funds would not have the benefit of certain protections afforded to investors in registered investment companies. Investments in private investment funds generally will be illiquid and generally may not be transferred without the consent of the fund. The Fund may be unable to liquidate its investment in a private investment fund when desired (and may incur losses as a result), or may be required to sell such investment regardless of whether it desires to do so. Upon its withdrawal of all or a portion of its interest in a private investment fund, the Fund may receive securities that are illiquid or difficult to value. The Fund may not be able to withdraw from a private investment fund except at certain designated times, thereby limiting the ability of the Fund to withdraw assets from the private fund due to poor performance or other reasons. The fees paid by private investment funds to their advisers and general partners or managing members often are higher than those paid by registered funds and generally include a percentage of gains. The Fund will bear its proportionate share of the management fees and other expenses that are charged by a private investment fund in addition to the management fees and other expenses paid by the Fund.

 

Small and Middle-market Companies . I nvestment in private and small or middle-market companies involves a number of significant risks. Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and the Fund will rely on the ability of the Sub-Advisers’ investment professionals to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If they are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, they may not make a fully informed investment decision, and the Fund may lose money on its investments. Small and middle-market companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their loans and debt securities that the Fund holds, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of the Fund realizing any guarantees it may have obtained in connection with its investment. In addition, such companies typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. Additionally, small and middle-market companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons. Therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on one or more of the portfolio companies in which the Fund invests. Small and middle-market companies also may be parties to litigation and may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence.

 

PIK Interest . To the extent that the Fund invests in loans with a payment in kind (“PIK”) interest component and the accretion of PIK interest constitutes a portion of the Fund’s income, the Fund will be exposed to risks associated with the requirement to include such non-cash income in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash, including the following: (i) loans with a PIK interest component may have higher interest rates that reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with these instruments, and PIK instruments generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans; (ii) loans with a PIK interest component may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral; (iii) the deferral of PIK interest increases the loan-to-value ratio, which is a fundamental measure of loan risk; and; (iv) even if the accounting conditions for PIK interest accrual are met, the borrower could still default when the borrower’s actual payment is due at the maturity of the loan.

 

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Direct Lending Risk . To the extent the Fund is the sole lender in privately offered debt, it may be solely responsible for the expense of servicing that debt, including, if necessary, taking legal actions to foreclose on any security instrument securing the debt ( e.g. , the mortgage or, in the case of a mezzanine loan, the pledge). This may increase the risk and expense to the Fund compared to syndicated or publicly offered debt.

 

Direct Origination Risk . A significant portion of the Fund’s investments may be originated. The results of the Fund’s operations depend on several factors, including the availability of opportunities for the origination or acquisition of target investments, the level and volatility of interest rates, the availability of adequate short and long-term financing, conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions. Further, the Fund’s inability to raise capital and the risk of portfolio company defaults may materially and adversely affect the Fund’s investment originations, business, liquidity, financial condition, results of operations and its ability to make distributions to its Shareholders. In addition, competition for originations of and investments in the Fund’s target investments may lead to the price of such assets increasing, which may further limit its ability to generate desired returns. Also, as a result of this competition, desirable investments in the Fund’s target investments may be limited in the future and the Fund may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, as the Fund can provide no assurance that the Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers will be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with its investment objective.

 

In addition, the Fund may originate certain of its investments with the expectation of later syndicating a portion of such investment to third parties. Prior to such syndication, or if such syndication is not successful, the Fund’s exposure to the originated investment may exceed the exposure that the relevant Sub-Adviser intended to have over the long-term or would have had had it purchased such investment in the secondary market rather than originating it.

 

Interest Rate Risk . T he Fund is subject to the risks of changes in interest rates. While it is expected that the majority of the Fund’s investments will be in floating rate loans, which typically re-price every 90 days, some of the Fund’s investments may be in fixed rate loans and similar debt obligations. The value of such fixed rate loans are susceptible to general changes in interest rates. A decline in interest rates could reduce the amount of current income the Fund is able to achieve from interest on fixed-income securities and convertible debt. An increase in interest rates could reduce the value of any fixed income securities and convertible securities owned by the Fund. To the extent that the cash flow from a fixed income security is known in advance, the present value ( i.e. , discounted value) of that cash flow decreases as interest rates increase; to the extent that the cash flow is contingent, the dollar value of the payment may be linked to then prevailing interest rates. Moreover, the value of many fixed income securities depends on the shape of the yield curve, not just on a single interest rate. Thus, for example, a callable cash flow, the coupons of which depend on a short rate such as three-month LIBOR, may shorten ( i.e. , be called away) if the long rate decreases. In this way, such securities are exposed to the difference between long rates and short rates.

 

The Fund expects to invest the majority of its assets in variable and floating rate securities. Variable and floating rate securities generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. When the Fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the NAV of the Fund’s shares.

 

LIBOR Risk . Instruments in which the Fund invests may pay interest at floating rates based on LIBOR or may be subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR. The Fund and issuers of instruments in which the Fund invests may also obtain financing at floating rates based on LIBOR. The underlying collateral of CLOs in which the Fund invests may pay interest at floating rates based on LIBOR. Regulators and law-enforcement agencies from a number of governments, including entities in the United States, Japan, Canada and the United Kingdom, have conducted or are conducting civil and criminal investigations into whether the banks that contribute to the British Bankers’ Association, or the “BBA,” in connection with the calculation of daily LIBOR may have been manipulating or attempting to manipulate LIBOR. Several financial institutions have reached settlements with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice Fraud Section and the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority in connection with investigations by such authorities into submissions made by such financial institutions to the bodies that set LIBOR and other interbank offered rates. Additional investigations remain ongoing with respect to other major banks. There can be no assurance that there will not be additional admissions or findings of rate-setting manipulation or that manipulations of LIBOR or other similar interbank offered rates will not be shown to have occurred. ICE Benchmark Administration Limited assumed the role of LIBOR administrator from the BBA on February 1, 2014. Any new administrator of LIBOR may make methodological changes to the way in which LIBOR is calculated or may alter, discontinue or suspend calculation or dissemination of LIBOR. Additional findings of manipulation may decrease the confidence of the market in LIBOR and lead market participants to look for alternative, non-LIBOR based types of financing, such as fixed rate loans or bonds or floating rate loans based on non-LIBOR indices.

 

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Recently, regulators in the United Kingdom have called for the LIBOR to be abandoned by the end of 2021. Abandonment of or modifications to LIBOR could have adverse impacts on newly issued financial instruments and existing financial instruments which reference LIBOR. While some instruments may contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by providing for an alternative rate setting methodology, not all instruments may have such provisions and there is significant uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of any such alternative methodologies. Abandonment of or modifications to LIBOR could lead to significant short-term and long-term uncertainty and market instability. It remains uncertain how such changes would be implemented and the effects such changes would have on the Fund, issuers of instruments in which the Fund invests and financial markets generally.

 

EXTENSION RISK. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of long-term, fixed rate securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.

 

PREPAYMENT RISK. When interest rates decline, fixed income securities with stated interest rates may have their principal paid earlier than expected. This may result in the Fund having to reinvest that money at lower prevailing interest rates, which can reduce the returns of the Fund.

 

REINVESTMENT RISK . Income from the Fund’s portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called debt obligations at market interest rates that are below the portfolio’s current earnings rate. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, an issuer of debt obligations may exercise an option to redeem securities prior to maturity, forcing the Fund to invest in lower-yielding securities. The Fund also may choose to sell higher yielding portfolio securities and to purchase lower yielding securities to achieve greater portfolio diversification, because the portfolio managers believe the current holdings are overvalued or for other investment-related reasons. A decline in income received by the Fund from its investments is likely to have a negative effect on dividend levels, NAV and/or overall return of the Fund’s shares.

 

INFLATION/DEFLATION RISK . Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from the Fund’s investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of payments at future dates. As inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s portfolio could decline. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time. Deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

ILLIQUID PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS . The Fund is expected to invest in securities that are subject to legal or other restrictions on transfer or for which no liquid market exists. The market prices, if any, for such securities may be volatile and the Fund may not be able to sell them when the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser desires to do so or to realize what the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser perceives to be their fair value in the event of a sale. The sale of restricted and illiquid securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over the counter markets. Restricted securities may sell at prices that are lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale.

 

Investors acquiring direct loans hoping to recoup their entire principal must generally hold their loans through maturity. Direct loans may not be registered under the Securities Act, and are not listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly, those loan investments may not be transferred unless they are first registered under the Securities Act and all applicable state or foreign securities laws or the transfer qualifies for exemption from such registration. A reliable secondary market has yet to develop, nor may one ever develop for direct loans and, as such, these investments should be considered illiquid. Until an active secondary market develops, the Fund intends to primarily hold its direct loans until maturity. The Fund may not be able to sell any of its direct loans even under circumstances when the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser believes it would be in the best interests of the Fund to sell such investments. In such circumstances, the overall returns to the Fund from its direct loans may be adversely affected. Moreover, certain direct loans may be subject to certain additional significant restrictions on transferability. Although the Fund may attempt to increase its liquidity by borrowing from a bank or other institution, its assets may not readily be accepted as collateral for such borrowing.

 

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Valuation Risk . Unlike publicly traded common stock which trades on national exchanges, there is no central place or exchange for most of the Fund’s investments to trade. Due to the lack of centralized information and trading, the valuation of loans or fixed-income instruments may carry more risk than that of common stock. Uncertainties in the conditions of the financial market, unreliable reference data, lack of transparency and inconsistency of valuation models and processes may lead to inaccurate asset pricing. In addition, other market participants may value securities differently than the Fund. As a result, the Fund may be subject to the risk that when an instrument is sold in the market, the amount received by the Fund is less than the value of such loans or fixed-income instruments carried on the Fund’s books.

 

Shareholders should recognize that valuations of illiquid assets involve various judgments and consideration of factors that may be subjective. As a result, the NAV of the Fund, as determined based on the fair value of its investments, may vary from the amount ultimately received by the Fund from its investments. This could adversely affect Shareholders whose Shares are repurchased as well as new Shareholders and remaining Shareholders. For example, in certain cases, the Fund might receive less than the fair value of its investment, resulting in a dilution of the value of the Shares of Shareholders who do not tender their Shares in any coincident tender offer and a windfall to tendering Shareholders; in other cases, the Fund might receive more than the fair value of its investment, resulting in a windfall to Shareholders remaining in the Fund, but a shortfall to tendering Shareholders.

 

Focused investment risk . To the extent that the Fund focuses its investments in a particular industry, the Fund’s NAV will be more susceptible to events or factors affecting companies in that industry. These may include, but are not limited to, governmental regulation, inflation, rising interest rates, cost increases in raw materials, fuel and other operating expenses, technological innovations that may render existing products and equipment obsolete, competition from new entrants, high research and development costs, increased costs associated with compliance with environmental or other regulation and other economic, market, political or other developments specific to that industry. Also, the Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in companies in related sectors that may share common characteristics, are often subject to similar business risks and regulatory burdens and whose securities may react similarly to the types of events and factors described above, which will subject the Fund to greater risk. The Fund also will be subject to focused investment risk to the extent that it invests a substantial portion of its assets in a particular country or geographic region.

 

Lender Liability Considerations and Equitable Subordination. A number of U.S. judicial decisions have upheld judgments obtained by borrowers against lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories, collectively termed “lender liability.” Generally, lender liability is founded on the premise that a lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith, commercial reasonableness and fair dealing, or a similar duty owed to the borrower or has assumed an excessive degree of control over the borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of its investments, the Fund may be subject to allegations of lender liability.

 

In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lender or bondholder (a) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower, (b) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors, (c) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors or (d) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called “equitable subordination.”

 

Because affiliates of, or persons related to, the Investment Manager and/or a Sub-Adviser may hold equity or other interests in obligors of the Fund, the Fund could be exposed to claims for equitable subordination or lender liability or both based on such equity or other holdings.

 

Participation on Creditors’ Committees and Boards of Directors . The Sub-Advisers and their respective affiliates, on behalf of the Fund or of other funds or accounts they manage, may participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled companies that may or may not be in bankruptcy. A Sub-Adviser may also seek to negotiate directly with debtors with respect to restructuring issues. In the situation where a representative of a Sub-Adviser chooses to join a creditors’ committee, the representative would likely be only one of many participants, each of whom would be interested in obtaining an outcome that is in its individual best interest. There can be no assurance that the representative would be successful in obtaining results most favorable to the Fund in such proceedings, although the representative may incur significant legal fees and other expenses in attempting to do so. As a result of participation by the representative on such committees, the representative may be deemed to have duties to other creditors represented by the committees, which might thereby expose the Fund to liability to such other creditors who disagree with the representative’s actions.

 

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It is possible that a Sub-Adviser and/or its affiliates will be represented on the boards of some of the companies in which the Fund makes investments. Such representation may have the effect of impairing the ability of the relevant Sub-Adviser to sell the Fund’s related securities when, and upon the terms, it might otherwise desire, including as a result of applicable securities laws.

 

Need For Follow-On Investments . Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, the Fund may make additional investments in that portfolio company as “follow-on” investments, including exercising warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing; in seeking to: (i) increase or maintain in whole or in part the Fund’s position as a creditor or the Fund’s equity ownership percentage in a portfolio company; or (ii) preserve or enhance the value of the Fund’s investment. The Fund has discretion to make follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. Failure to make follow-on investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the continued viability of an underlying portfolio company and the Fund’s initial investment, or may result in a missed opportunity for the Fund to increase its participation in a successful operation. Even if the Fund has sufficient capital to make a desired follow-on investment, the relevant Sub-Adviser may elect not to make a follow-on investment because the Sub-Adviser may not want to increase the Fund’s level of risk or because the Sub-Adviser prefers other opportunities for the Fund.

 

High Yield Debt . The Fund may invest in high yield debt (or “junk bonds”). A substantial portion of the high yield debt in which the Fund intends to invest are rated below investment-grade by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or are unrated but of comparable credit quality to obligations rated below investment-grade, and have greater credit and liquidity risk than more highly rated debt obligations. Lower-rated securities may include securities that have the lowest rating or are in default. High yield debt is generally unsecured and may be subordinate to other obligations of the obligor. The lower rating of high yield debt reflects a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions (including, for example, a substantial period of rising interest rates or declining earnings) or both may impair the ability of the obligor to make payment of principal and interest. Many issuers of high yield debt are highly leveraged, and their relatively high debt-to-equity ratios create increased risks that their operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations. In addition, many issuers of high yield debt may be in poor financial condition, experiencing poor operating results, having substantial capital needs or negative net worth or be facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, and may include companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganizations or liquidation proceedings. High yield debt may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and individual corporate developments than would investment grade debt securities Certain of these securities may not be publicly traded, and therefore of it may be difficult to accurately value certain portfolio securities and to obtain information as to the true condition of the issuers. Overall declines in the below investment-grade bond and other markets may adversely affect such issuers by inhibiting their ability to refinance their debt at maturity. High yield debt is often less liquid than higher rated securities. Because investment in high yield debt involves greater investment risk, achievement of the Fund’s investment objectives will be more dependent on the relevant Sub-Adviser’s analysis than would be the case if the Fund were investing in higher quality debt securities.

 

High yield debt is often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level at which they had previously operated. High yield debt has historically experienced greater default rates than has been the case for investment-grade securities. The Fund may also invest in equity securities issued by entities with unrated or below investment-grade debt.

 

High yield debt may also be in the form of zero-coupon or deferred interest bonds, which are bonds which are issued at a significant discount from face value. The original discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until maturity or the first interest accrual date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. While zero-coupon bonds do not require the periodic payment of interest, deferred interest bonds generally provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins. Such investments experience greater volatility in market value due to changes in the interest rates than bonds that that provide for regular payments of interest.

 

Investing in lower-rated securities involves special risks in addition to the risks associated with investments in higher-rated fixed income securities, including a high degree of credit risk. Lower-rated securities may be regarded as predominately speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers/issues of lower-rated securities may be more complex than for issuers/issues of higher quality debt securities. Securities that are in the lowest rating category are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, to have a current identifiable vulnerability to default and/or to be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The secondary markets on which lower-rated securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading markets could adversely affect and cause large fluctuations in the value of the Fund’s portfolio. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower-rated securities, especially in a thinly traded market.

 

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The use of credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating lower-rated securities can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of lower-rated securities. Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was rated.

 

Preferred Securities . The Fund may invest in preferred securities. There are various risks associated with investing in preferred securities, including credit risk, interest rate risk, deferral and omission of distributions, subordination to bonds and other debt securities in a company’s capital structure, limited liquidity, limited voting rights and special redemption rights. Interest rate risk is, in general, the risk that the price of a debt security falls when interest rates rise. Securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer of a security may not be able to make principal and interest or dividend payments on the security as they become due. Holders of preferred securities may not receive dividends, or the payment can be deferred for some period of time. In bankruptcy, creditors are generally paid before the holders of preferred securities.

 

Convertible Securities . The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both bonds and common stocks and are subject to risks associated with both debt securities and equity securities. Convertible securities are similar to fixed-income securities because they usually pay a fixed interest rate (or dividend) and are obligated to repay principal on a given date in the future. The market value of fixed-income and preferred securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and tends to increase as interest rates decline. Convertible securities have characteristics of a fixed-income security and are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their conversion value is lower than the value of the bond or preferred share. Fixed-income and preferred securities also are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer of a security may not be able to make principal and interest or dividend payments on the security as they become due. In addition, the Fund may invest in fixed-income and preferred securities rated less than investment grade that are sometimes referred to as high yield. These securities are speculative investments that carry greater risks and are more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher quality securities. Fixed-income and preferred securities also may be subject to prepayment or redemption risk. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to surrender the security for redemption, convert it into the issuing company’s common stock or cash or sell it to a third party at a time that may be unfavorable to the Fund. In addition, the Fund may invest in fixed-income and preferred securities rated less than investment grade that are sometimes referred to as high yield. These securities are speculative investments that carry greater risks and are more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher quality securities. Such securities also may be subject to resale restrictions. The lack of a liquid market for these securities could decrease the Fund’s share price. Convertible securities with a conversion value that is the same as the value of the bond or preferred share have characteristics similar to common stocks. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Stock prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of equity securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer having experienced losses or by the lack of earnings or such an issuer’s failure to meet the market’s expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates.

 

Bank Loans . The Fund may invest in loans originated by banks and other financial institutions. The loans invested in by the Fund may include term loans and revolving loans, may pay interest at a fixed or floating rate and may be senior or subordinated. Special risks associated with investments in bank loans and participations include (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance under relevant creditors’ rights laws, (ii) so-called lender-liability claims by the issuer of the obligations, (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations, and (iv) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations. Successful claims in respect of such matters may reduce the cash flow and/or market value of the investment. In addition, the bank loan market currently, however, is facing unprecedented levels of illiquidity and volatility. There can be no assurance as to when or even if this current market illiquidity and volatility will abate or that future levels of supply and demand in bank loan trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity, that the current period of illiquidity will not persist or worsen and that the market will not experience periods of significant illiquidity in the future.

 

In addition to the special risks generally associated with investments in bank loans described above, the Fund’s investments in second-lien and unsecured bank loans will entail additional risks, including (i) the subordination of the Fund’s claims to a senior lien in terms of the coverage and recovery from the collateral and (ii) with respect to second-lien loans, the prohibition of or limitation on the right to foreclose on a second-lien or exercise other rights as a second-lien holder, and with respect to unsecured loans, the absence of any collateral on which the Fund may foreclose to satisfy its claim in whole or in part. In certain cases, therefore, no recovery may be available from a defaulted second-lien loan. The Fund’s investments in bank loans of below investment grade companies also entail specific risks associated with investments in non-investment grade securities.

 

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Loan participations and assignments . The Fund may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest, not with the borrower. In purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation. A selling institution voting in connection with a potential waiver of a default by a borrower may have interests different from those of the Fund, and the selling institution might not consider the interests of the Fund in connection with its vote. Notwithstanding, most participation agreements with respect to loans provide that the selling institution may not vote in favor of any amendment, modification or waiver that forgives principal, interest or fees, reduces principal, interest or fees that are payable, postpones any payment of principal (whether a scheduled payment or a mandatory prepayment), interest or fees or releases any material guarantee or collateral without the consent of the participant (at least to the extent the participant would be affected by any such amendment, modification or waiver). In addition, many participation agreements with respect to loans that provide voting rights to the participant further provide that if the participant does not vote in favor of amendments, modifications or waivers, the selling institution may repurchase such participation at par.

 

Non-Performing Loans . The Fund may invest in non-performing and sub-performing loans which often involve workout negotiations, restructuring and the possibility of foreclosure. These processes are often lengthy and expensive. In addition, the Fund’s investments may include securities and debt obligations of financially distressed issuers, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. As a result, the Fund’s investments may be subject to additional bankruptcy related risks, and returns on such investments may not be realized for a considerable period of time.

 

PRIVATE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES (“BDCs”) . The Fund may invest in private BDCs. BDCs are a type of closed-end investment company regulated under the Investment Company Act. BDCs typically invest in and lend to small and medium-sized private and certain public companies that may not have access to public equity markets for capital raising. BDCs invest in such diverse industries as healthcare, chemical and manufacturing, technology and service companies. At least 70% of a BDC’s investments must be made in private and certain public U.S. businesses, and BDCs are required to make available significant managerial assistance to their portfolio companies. Unlike corporations, BDCs are not taxed on income distributed to their shareholders provided they comply with the applicable requirements of the Code.

 

Investments in BDCs may be subject to a high degree of risk. BDCs typically invest in small and medium-sized private and certain public companies that may not have access to public equity markets or capital raising. As a result, a BDC’s portfolio typically will include a substantial amount of securities purchased in private placements, and its portfolio may carry risks similar to those of a private equity or venture capital fund. Securities that are not publicly registered may be difficult to value and may be difficult to sell at a price representative of their intrinsic value. Small and medium-sized companies also may have fewer lines of business so that changes in any one line of business may have a greater impact on the value of their stock than is the case with a larger company. To the extent a BDC focuses its investments in a specific sector, the BDC will be susceptible to adverse conditions and economic or regulatory occurrences affecting the specific sector or industry group, which tends to increase volatility and result in higher risk. Investments in BDCs are subject to various risks, including management’s ability to meet the BDC’s investment objective, and to manage the BDC’s portfolio when the underlying securities are redeemed or sold, during periods of market turmoil and as investors’ perceptions regarding a BDC or its underlying investments change. Private BDCs are illiquid investments and there is no guarantee the Fund will be able to liquidate or sell its private BDC investments.

 

Certain BDCs may use leverage in their portfolios through borrowings or the issuance of preferred stock. While leverage may increase the yield and total return of a BDC, it also subjects the BDC to increased risks, including magnification of any investment losses and increased volatility. In addition, a BDC’s income may fall if the interest rate on any borrowings of the BDC rises.

 

The Investment Company Act generally limits the amount the Fund can invest in any one closed-end fund, including BDCs, to 3% of the closed-end fund’s total outstanding stock. As a result, the Fund may hold a smaller position in a BDC than if it were not subject to this restriction. To comply with the Investment Company Act, the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser may be required to vote shares of a BDC held by the Fund in the same general proportion as shares held by other shareholders of the BDC.

 

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ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES RISK . Asset-backed securities often involve risks that are different from or more acute than risks associated with other types of debt instruments. For instance, asset-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates. In addition, the underlying assets are subject to prepayments that shorten the securities’ weighted average maturity and may lower their return. Asset-backed securities are also subject to risks associated with their structure and the nature of the assets underlying the security and the servicing of those assets. Payment of interest and repayment of principal on asset-backed securities is largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, supported by letters of credit, surety bonds or other credit enhancements. The values of asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools, and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence by, or defalcation of, their servicers. Furthermore, debtors may be entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws with respect to the assets underlying these securities, which may give the debtor the right to avoid or reduce payment. In addition, due to their often complicated structures, various asset-backed securities may be difficult to value and may constitute illiquid investments. If many borrowers on the underlying loans default, losses could exceed the credit enhancement level and result in losses to investors in asset-backed securities.

 

An investment in subordinated (residual) classes of asset-backed securities is typically considered to be an illiquid and highly speculative investment, as losses on the underlying assets are first absorbed by the subordinated classes. The risks associated with an investment in such subordinated classes of asset-backed securities include credit risk, regulatory risk pertaining to the Fund’s ability to collect on such securities and liquidity risk.

 

COLLATERALIZED LOAN OBLIGATIONS (“CLOs”) AND COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATIONS (“CDOs”) . The Fund may invest in CLOs and CDOs. CLOs and CDOs are created by the grouping of certain private loans and other lender assets/collateral into pools. A sponsoring organization establishes a special purpose vehicle to hold the assets/collateral and issue securities. Interests in these pools are sold as individual securities. Payments of principal and interest are passed through to investors and are typically supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guaranty or senior/subordination. Payments from the asset pools may be divided into several different tranches of debt securities, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. Some tranches entitled to receive regular installments of principal and interest, other tranches entitled to receive regular installments of interest, with principal payable at maturity or upon specified call dates, and other tranches only entitled to receive payments of principal and accrued interest at maturity or upon specified call dates. Different tranches of securities will bear different interest rates, which may be fixed or floating.

 

Investors in CLOs and CDOs bear the credit risk of the assets/collateral. Tranches are categorized as senior, mezzanine, and subordinated/equity, according to their degree of credit risk. If there are defaults or the CDO’s collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches take precedence over those to subordinated/equity tranches. Senior and mezzanine tranches are typically rated, with the former receiving S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) ratings of A to AAA and the latter receiving ratings of B to BBB. The ratings reflect both the credit quality of underlying collateral as well as how much protection a given tranche is afforded by tranches that are subordinate to it.

 

Because the loans held in the pool often may be prepaid without penalty or premium, CLOs and CDOs can be subject to higher prepayment risks than most other types of debt instruments. Prepayments may result in a capital loss to the Fund to the extent that the prepaid securities purchased at a market discount from their stated principal amount will accelerate the recognition of interest income by the Fund, which would be taxed as ordinary income when distributed to the Shareholders. The credit characteristics of CLOs and CDOs also differ in a number of respects from those of traditional debt securities. The credit quality of most CLOs and CDOs depends primarily upon the credit quality of the assets/collateral underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the securities is insulated from the credit risk of the originator or any other affiliated entities, and the amount and quality of any credit enhancement to such securities.

 

CLOs and CDOs are typically privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws, which means less information about the security may be available as compared to publicly offered securities and only certain institutions may buy and sell them. As a result, investments in CLOs and CDOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities. An active dealer market may exist for CLOs and CDOs that can be resold in Rule 144A transactions, but there can be no assurance that such a market will exist or will be active enough for the Fund to sell such securities.

 

In addition to the typical risks associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities, CLOs and CDOs carry other risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the risk that the collateral may default, decline in value or quality, or be downgraded by a rating agency; (iii) the Fund may invest in tranches of CLOs and CDOs that are subordinate to other tranches, diminishing the likelihood of payment; (iv) the structure and complexity of the transaction and the legal documents could lead to disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; (v) risk of forced “fire sale” liquidation due to technical defaults such as coverage test failures; and (vi) the manager of the CLO or CDO may perform poorly.

 

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STRUCTURED PRODUCTS . The CLOs and other CDOs in which the Fund may invest are structured products. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying assets and are subject to counterparty risk.

 

The Fund may have the right to receive payments only from the structured product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the assets to be securitized. While certain structured products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in structured products generally pay their share of the structured product’s administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of assets underlying structured products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of structured products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a structured product uses shorter-term financing to purchase longer-term securities, the issuer may be forced to sell its securities at below-market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which may adversely affect the value of the structured products owned by the Fund.

 

Certain structured products may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market. CLOs and credit-linked notes are typically privately offered and sold.

 

MEZZANINE DEBT . A portion of the Fund’s debt investments may be made in certain high yield securities known as mezzanine investments, which are subordinated debt securities that may be issued together with an equity security ( e.g. , with attached warrants). Those mezzanine investments may be issued with or without registration rights. Mezzanine investments can be unsecured and generally subordinate to other obligations of the issuer. The expected average life of the Fund’s mezzanine investments may be significantly shorter than the maturity of these investments due to prepayment rights. Mezzanine investments share all of the risks of other high yield securities and are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated securities. They are also generally considered to be subject to greater risk than securities with higher ratings in the case of deterioration of general economic conditions. Because investors generally perceive that there are greater risks associated with the lower-rated securities, the yields and prices of those securities may tend to fluctuate more than those for higher-rated securities. The Fund does not anticipate a market for its mezzanine investments, which can adversely affect the prices at which these securities can be sold. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions about lower-rated securities, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may be a contributing factor in a decrease in the value and liquidity of those lower-rated securities. Mezzanine securities are often even more subordinated than other high yield debt, as they often represent the most junior debt security in an issuer’s capital structure.

 

DISTRESSED SECURITIES . Certain of the companies in whose securities the Fund may invest may be in transition, out of favor, financially leveraged or troubled, or potentially troubled, and may be or have recently been involved in major strategic actions, restructurings, bankruptcy, reorganization or liquidation. These characteristics of these companies can cause their securities to be particularly risky, although they also may offer the potential for high returns. These companies’ securities may be considered speculative, and the ability of the companies to pay their debts on schedule could be affected by adverse interest rate movements, changes in the general economic factors affecting a particular industry or specific developments within the companies. Such investments can result in significant or even total losses. In addition, the markets for distressed investment assets are frequently illiquid. Also, among the risks inherent in investments in a troubled issuer is that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true financial condition of such issuer. The Investment Manager’s or a Sub-Adviser’s judgments about the credit quality of a financially distressed issuer and the relative value of its securities may prove to be wrong.

 

In liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the reorganization either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (for example, until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security in respect to which such distribution was made. Consequently, the Fund will be subject to significant uncertainty as to when, and in what manner, and for what value obligations evidenced by securities of financially distressed issuers will eventually be satisfied ( e.g. , through a liquidation of the issuer’s assets, an exchange offer or plan of reorganization, or a payment of some amount in satisfaction of the obligation). In certain transactions, the Fund may not be “hedged” against market fluctuations, or, in liquidation situations, may not accurately value the assets of the company being liquidated. This can result in losses, even if the proposed transaction is consummated.

 

UNDERLYING FUND RISK . The Fund will incur higher and duplicative expenses, including advisory fees, when it invests in shares of mutual funds (including money market funds), closed-end funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and other registered and private investment companies (“Underlying Funds”). There is also the risk that the Fund may suffer losses due to the investment practices of the Underlying Funds (such as the use of derivatives). The ETFs in which the Fund invests that attempt to track an index may not be able to replicate exactly the performance of the indices they track, due to transactions costs and other expenses of the ETFs. The shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease, and it is possible that the discount may increase.

 

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Derivative Instruments. The Fund may use options, swaps, futures contracts, forward agreements and other derivatives contracts. The Fund’s derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying asset, rate or index, which creates the possibility that the loss on such instruments may be greater than the gain in the value of the underlying asset, rate or index; the loss of principal; the possible default of the other party to the transaction; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding, or may not recover at all. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value in the termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty, and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. Certain of the derivative investments in which the Fund may invest may, in certain circumstances, give rise to a form of financial leverage, which may magnify the risk of owning such instruments. The ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on the ability of the Investment Manager and/or Sub-Advisers to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. In addition, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to the Fund’s derivative investments would not be available to the Fund for other investment purposes, which may result in lost opportunities for gain.

 

The derivative instruments and techniques that the Fund may principally use include:

 

o Futures. A futures contract is a standardized agreement to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying instrument at a specific price at a specific future time. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. Depending on the terms of the particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as to whether, when and how to use futures involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures can be highly volatile, using futures can lower total return, and the potential loss from futures can exceed the Fund’s initial investment in such contracts.

 

o Options. If the Fund buys an option, it buys a legal contract giving it the right to buy or sell a specific amount of the underlying instrument or futures contract on the underlying instrument at an agreed-upon price typically in exchange for a premium paid by the Fund. If the Fund sells an option, it sells to another person the right to buy from or sell to the Fund a specific amount of the underlying instrument or futures contract on the underlying instrument at an agreed-upon price typically in exchange for a premium received by the Fund. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived option transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. The prices of options can be highly volatile and the use of options can lower total returns.

 

o Swaps. A swap contract is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange payments at specified dates on the basis of a specified notional amount, with the payments calculated by reference to specified securities, indexes, reference rates, currencies or other instruments. Most swap agreements provide that when the period payment dates for both parties are the same, the payments are made on a net basis ( i.e. , the two payment streams are netted out, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other). The Fund’s obligations or rights under a swap contract entered into on a net basis will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty. Swap agreements are particularly subject to counterparty credit, liquidity, valuation, correlation and leverage risk. Certain standardized swaps are now subject to mandatory central clearing requirements and others are now required to be exchange-traded. While central clearing and exchange-trading are intended to reduce counterparty and liquidity risk, they do not make swap transactions risk-free. Swaps could result in losses if interest rate or foreign currency exchange rates or credit quality changes are not correctly anticipated by the Fund or if the reference index, security or investments do not perform as expected. The Fund’s use of swaps may include those based on the credit of an underlying security, commonly referred to as “credit default swaps.” Where the Fund is the buyer of a credit default swap contract, it would be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation from the counterparty to the contract only in the event of a default or similar event by a third party on the debt obligation. If no default occurs, the Fund would have paid to the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract and received no benefit from the contract. When the Fund is the seller of a credit default swap contract, it receives the stream of payments but is obligated to pay an amount equal to the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation upon the default or similar event of that obligation. The use of credit default swaps can result in losses if the Fund’s assumptions regarding the creditworthiness of the underlying obligation prove to be incorrect. The Fund will “cover” its swap positions by segregating an amount of cash and/or liquid securities as required by the Investment Company Act and applicable SEC interpretations and guidance from time to time.

 

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Segregation and Coverage Risk . Certain portfolio management techniques, such as, among other things, entering into swap agreements, using reverse repurchase agreements, futures contracts or other derivative transactions, may be considered senior securities under the Investment Company Act unless steps are taken to segregate (or earmark on the Fund’s books) the Fund’s assets or otherwise cover its obligations. To avoid having these instruments considered senior securities, in some cases the Fund segregates or earmarks liquid assets with a value equal (on a daily mark-to-market basis) to its obligations under these types of transactions, enters into offsetting transactions or otherwise covers such transactions. In cases where the Fund does not cover such transactions, such instruments may be considered senior securities and the Fund’s use of such transactions will be required to comply with the restrictions on senior securities under the Investment Company Act. The Fund may be unable to use segregated assets for certain other purposes, which could result in the Fund earning a lower return on its portfolio than it might otherwise earn if it did not have to segregate those assets in respect of or otherwise cover such portfolio positions. To the extent the Fund’s assets are segregated or committed as cover, it could limit the Fund’s investment flexibility. Segregating assets and covering positions will not limit or offset losses on related positions.

 

Foreign Investments . Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies may affect their values in U.S. dollar terms. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up, compared to a foreign currency, a loan payable in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation, and political developments. The Fund may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but the Fund can offer no assurance that the Fund will, in fact, hedge currency risk or, that if the Fund does, such strategies will be effective.

 

The political, economic, and social structure of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the United States. Investments in these countries may be subject to the risks of internal and external conflicts, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations and tax increases. A government may take over assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise stockholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Fund’s investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and to take into account with respect to the Fund’s investments in foreign securities. Brokerage commissions and other fees generally are higher for foreign securities. Government supervision and regulation of foreign stock exchanges, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the United States. The procedures and rules governing foreign transactions and custody (holding of the Fund’s assets) may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments. Foreign companies may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies, and some countries may lack uniform accounting and auditing standards. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign companies than about most U.S. companies. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and more volatile than many U.S. securities. This means the Fund may at times be unable to sell foreign securities at favorable prices. Dividend and interest income from foreign securities may be subject to withholding taxes by the country in which the issuer is located, and the Fund may not be able to pass through to its Shareholders foreign tax credits or deductions with respect to these taxes.

 

Securities of issuers in emerging and developing markets present risks not found in securities of issuers in more developed markets. Securities of issuers in emerging and developing markets may be more difficult to sell at acceptable prices and their prices may be more volatile than securities of issuers in more developed markets. Settlements of securities trades in emerging and developing markets may be subject to greater delays than in other markets so that the Fund might not receive the proceeds of a sale of a security on a timely basis. Emerging markets generally have less developed trading markets and exchanges, and legal and accounting systems.

 

CURRENCY RISK . The Fund may engage in practices and strategies that will result in exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, in which case the Fund will be subject to foreign currency risk. The Fund’s shares are priced in U.S. dollars and the distributions paid by the Fund to Shareholders are paid in U.S. dollars. However, a portion of the Fund’s assets may be denominated directly in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, or in derivatives that provide exposure to foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, it will be subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged.

 

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Currency rates in foreign (non-U.S.) countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, rates of inflation, balance of payments and governmental surpluses or deficits, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. These fluctuations may have a significant adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s portfolio and/or the level of Fund distributions made to Shareholders. The Fund intends to hedge exposure to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. There is no assurance, however, that these strategies will be available or will be used by the Fund or, if used, that they will be successful. As a result, the Fund’s investments in foreign currency-denominated securities may reduce the returns of the Fund.

 

Currency risk may be particularly high to the extent that the Fund invests in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engages in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to emerging market countries. These currency transactions may present market, credit, currency, liquidity, legal, political and other risks different from, or greater than, the risks of investing in developed foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engaging in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to developed foreign countries.

 

Investments in Cash, Cash-Equivalent Investments or money market funds . A portion of the Fund’s assets may be invested in cash, cash-equivalent investments or money market funds when, for example, other investments are unattractive, to provide a reserve for anticipated obligations of the Fund or for other temporary purposes. Although such a practice may assist in the preservation of capital, the assumption of cash positions may also impact overall investment return. Cash investment practices of the Fund may be expected, therefore, to affect total investment performance of the Fund. Although a money market fund seeks to preserve a $1.00 per share net asset value, it cannot guarantee it will do so. The sponsor of a money market fund has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the money market fund and investors in money market funds should not expect that the sponsor will provide support to a money market fund at any time.

 

* * *

LIMITS OF RISK DISCLOSURES. The above discussions of the various risks that are associated with the Fund and its Shares and the related discussion of risks in the SAI include the material risks involved with an investment in the Fund of which the Fund is currently aware. Prospective investors should read this entire Prospectus and consult with their own advisers before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. In addition, as the Fund’s investment program changes or develops over time, an investment in the Fund may be subject to risk factors not currently contemplated or described in this Prospectus. 

 

In view of the risks noted above, the Fund should be considered a speculative investment and prospective investors should invest in the Fund only if they can sustain a complete loss of their investment.

 

No guarantee or representation is made that the investment program of the Fund will be successful or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

 

THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. The Board has overall responsibility for the management and supervision of the business operations of the Fund on behalf of the Shareholders. A majority of the Board is and will be persons who are not “interested persons,” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act (the “Independent Trustees”). To the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act and other applicable law, the Board may delegate any of its rights, powers and authority to, among others, the officers of the applicable fund, any committee of such board, or service providers. See “BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS” in the Fund’s SAI for the identities of the Trustees and executive officers of the Fund, brief biographical information regarding each of them, and other information regarding the election and membership of the Board.

 

THE INVESTMENT MANAGER AND SUB-ADVISERS. Cliffwater LLC serves as the investment adviser (the “Investment Manager”) of the Fund and will be responsible for determining and implementing the Fund’s overall investment strategy, including selecting each Sub-Adviser and determining the amount of the Fund’s assets to allocate to each Sub-Adviser. The Investment Manager is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. As of [____________], the Investment Manager and its affiliates had assets under advisement (includes discretionary and non-discretionary accounts) of approximately [$_________].

 

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Each Sub-Adviser selected by the Investment Manager, subject to Shareholder approval, will be primarily responsible for its investment strategy and the day-to-day management of the Fund’s assets allocated to it by the Investment Manager. Founded in [ ], [ ] (“ ”) is located at [ address ]. [ ] is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser and manages, as of [ ], approximately [$ ] for individuals and institutions, including limited partnerships, mutual funds and employee benefit plans.

 

The Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers and their respective affiliates may serve as investment managers to other funds that have investment programs which are similar to the investment program of the Fund, and the Investment Manager and/or a Sub-Adviser or one of their affiliates may in the future serve as the investment manager or otherwise manage or direct the investment activities of other registered and/or private investment companies with investment programs similar to the investment program of the Fund. See “CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.”

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS. The key personnel of the Investment Manager and Sub-Advisers who currently have primary responsibility for management of the Fund or, in the case of the personnel of a Sub-Adviser, the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser (the “Portfolio Managers”) are as follows:

 

Investment Manager

 

After the 2008 financial crisis, the Investment Manager became actively involved in direct lending research. It has been recommending direct lending investments to its advisory clients since 2011 and has actively managed a publicly-traded BDC portfolio since August 2014. The Investment Manager created the Cliffwater Direct Lending Index, which is the first published index tracking direct loan assets with performance dating back to September 30, 2004, and the Cliffwater BDC Index, which is an index tracking publicly-traded BDCs. The Investment Manager is a frequent publisher of research reports regarding direct lending and has constructed a direct lending manager database. The Investment Manager has dedicated significant resources to developing its expertise in the direct lending marketplace and cultivating relationships with direct lending managers that it believes to be top-tier. The Investment Manager intends to bring to the management of the Fund its expertise, experience, and access in the direct lending market.

 

Stephen L. Nesbitt, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of the Investment Manager, is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. Mr. Nesbitt has been the portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception. Mr. Nesbitt is supported by research analysts and other investment professionals who provide research support and make strategy recommendations. Mr. Nesbitt manages the Fund consistent with the broad investment parameters established by the Investment Manager’s Investment Strategy Committee, which is led by Mr. Nesbitt. The Investment Policy Committee is responsible for defining the broad investment parameters of the Fund, including, for example, the types of strategies to be employed and the range of securities acceptable for investment by the Fund. In addition, the Investment Policy Committee must unanimously approve each new Sub-Adviser. The Investment Policy Committee meets regularly to review portfolio holdings and discuss Sub-Adviser performance.

 

Prior to forming the Investment Manager in 2004, Mr. Nesbitt was a Senior Managing Director at Wilshire Associates. From 1990 to 2004, Mr. Nesbitt led the Consulting division at Wilshire Associates and also started and built its asset management business using a ‘manager of managers’ investment approach, including private equity and hedge fund-of-fund portfolios. Mr. Nesbitt started his career at Wells Fargo Investment Advisors, an early pioneer in index funds, where he developed and managed index funds and oversaw asset allocation.

 

[Insert Portfolio Managers for the Sub-Advisers.]

 

The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers’ compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of Fund’s shares.

 

THE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT. The Investment Management Agreement between the Investment Manager and the Fund became effective as of [ ], and will continue in effect for an initial two-year term. Thereafter, the Investment Management Agreement will continue in effect from year to year provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or a majority of the Board, and (ii) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Fund, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. See “ VOTING. ” The Investment Management Agreement will terminate automatically if assigned (as defined in the Investment Company Act), and is terminable at any time without penalty upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to the Fund by either the Board or the Investment Manager.

 

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The Investment Management Agreement provides that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations to the Fund, the Investment Manager and any partner, member, manager, director, officer or employee of the Investment Manager, or any of their affiliates, executors, heirs, assigns, successors or other legal representatives, will not be subject to liability to the Fund or otherwise under the Investment Management Agreement for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services under the Investment Management Agreement or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security by the Fund, including, without limitation, for any error of judgment, for any mistake of law, or for any act or omission by the Investment Manager or any affiliate of the Investment Manager or by any Sub-Adviser, except as may otherwise be provided under provisions of applicable state law or Federal securities law which cannot be waived or modified. The Investment Management Agreement also provides for indemnification, to the fullest extent permitted by law, by the Fund, of the Investment Manager or any partner, member, manager, officer or employee of the Investment Manager, and any of their affiliates, executors, heirs, assigns, successors or other legal representatives, against any claim, loss, damage, liability, reasonable cost, or reasonable expense (including reasonable attorney's fees, judgments, and other related expenses in connection therewith and amounts paid in defense and settlement thereof) (individually, the “Liability,” and collectively, the “Liabilities”) to which the person may be liable that arises or results from the Investment Management Agreement or the performance of any services under the Investment Management Agreement, so long as such Liabilities did not arise primarily from such person’s willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Investment Management Agreement.

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Investment Management Agreement and each Sub-Advisory Agreement will be available in the Fund’s first annual or semi-annual report to Shareholders.

 

See “INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES – The Sub-Advisers” in the SAI for a discussion of the sub-advisory agreements among the Fund, the Investment Manager and each Sub-Adviser.

 

MANAGEMENT FEES

 

The Fund pays to the Investment Manager an investment management fee (the “Investment Management Fee”) in consideration of the advisory and other services provided by the Investment Manager to the Fund. Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, the Fund pays the Investment Manager a monthly Investment Management Fee equal to 1.00% on an annualized basis of the Fund’s average daily NAV, subject to certain adjustments. The Investment Management Fee will be paid to the Investment Manager before giving effect to any repurchase of Shares in the Fund effective as of that date, and will decrease the net profits or increase the net losses of the Fund that are credited to its Shareholders. NAV means the total value of all assets of the Fund, less an amount equal to all accrued debts, liabilities and obligations of the Fund; provided that for purposes of determining the Investment Management Fee payable to the Investment Manager for any month, NAV will be calculated prior to any reduction for any fees and expenses of the Fund for that month, including, without limitation, the Investment Management Fee payable to the Investment Manager for that month. The Investment Management Fee will be accrued daily, and will be due and payable monthly in arrears within ten (10) Business Days after the end of the month.

 

In addition to the Investment Management Fee, the Fund pays each Sub-Adviser a sub-advisory fee on the portion of Fund assets managed by the Sub-Adviser. The fee a Sub-Adviser charges the Fund is based on the sub-advisory agreement among the Fund, the Investment Manager, and the Sub-Adviser. The portfolio management fees paid to a Sub-Adviser will be [ ]% of the allocable portion of the Fund’s assets managed by such Sub-Adviser. . The portfolio management fees paid to the Sub-Advisers will be paid out of the Fund’s assets. Such portfolio management fees will be paid to the Sub-Advisers before giving effect to any repurchase of Shares in the Fund effective as of that date, and will decrease the net profits or increase the net losses of the Fund that are credited to its Shareholders.

 

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DISTRIBUTOR

 

Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) is the distributor (also known as principal underwriter) of the Shares of the Fund and is located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).

 

Under a Distribution Agreement with the Fund, the Distributor acts as the agent of the Fund in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Fund.

 

The Distributor may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or other financial intermediaries for distribution of shares of the Fund. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Fund and/or the Adviser, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may receive shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Distributor. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Fund.

 

Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although customers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the intermediary. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Fund for its distribution services. The Investment Adviser pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related services. Subject to the receipt of an exemptive order from the SEC, the Fund intends to adopt a Distribution and Service Plan with respect to Class A Shares in compliance with Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. The Distribution and Service Plan will allow the Fund to pay distribution and servicing fees for the sale and servicing of its Class A Shares to the Fund’s Distributor and/or other qualified recipients. The Distributor does not retain any of the distribution and servicing fees for profit.

 

Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor is solely responsible for its costs and expenses incurred in connection with its qualification as a broker-dealer under state or federal laws. The Distribution Agreement also provides that the Fund will indemnify the Distributor and its affiliates and certain other persons against certain liabilities. Specifically, the Distribution Agreement provides that the Fund and the Investment Manager will indemnify, defend and hold the Distributor, its employees, agents, directors and officers and any person who controls the Distributor free and harmless from and against any and all claims arising out of or based upon (i) any material action (or omission to act) of the Distributor or its agents taken in connection with the Distribution Agreement; provided that such action (or omission to act) is taken without willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard by the Distributor of its duties and obligations under the Distribution Agreement; (ii) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus or related offering materials or any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in the Prospectus or related offering materials or necessary to make the statements in any Prospectus or related offering materials not misleading, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished in writing to the Fund or the Investment Manager in connection with the preparation of the Fund’s Prospectus or related offering materials by or on behalf of the Distributor; (iii) any material breach of the agreements, representations, warranties and covenants by the Fund and the Investment Manager in the Distribution Agreement; or (iv) the reliance on or use by the Distributor or its agents or subcontractors of information, records, documents or services which have been prepared, maintained or performed by the Fund or the Investment Manager.

 

Class B Shares in the Fund are offered at their current net asset value less a maximum sales charge of 1.00% of the subscription amount. The Fund or Investment Manager may elect to reduce, otherwise modify or waive the sales charge with respect to any Shareholder. No sales charge is expected to be charged with respect to investments by the Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers and their respective affiliates, directors, principals, officers and employees and others in the Fund’s sole discretion. There is no minimum aggregate amount of Shares required to be purchased in any offering.

 

The Investment Manager and/or its affiliates may make payments to selected affiliated or unaffiliated third parties (including the parties who have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor) from time to time in connection with the distribution of Shares and/or the provision of non-distribution services to Shareholders and/or the Fund. These payments will be made out of the Investment Manager’s and/or affiliates’ own assets and will not represent an additional charge to the Fund. The amount of such payments may be significant in amount and the prospect of receiving any such payments may provide such third parties or their employees with an incentive to favor sales of Shares of the Fund over other investment options. Contact your financial intermediary for details about revenue sharing payments it receives or may receive.

 

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DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN

 

Subject to the receipt of an exemptive order from the SEC, the Fund intends to adopt a Distribution and Service Plan with respect to Class A Shares in compliance with Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. There is no assurance that the Fund will be granted the exemptive order. The Distribution and Service Plan will allow the Fund to pay distribution and servicing fees for the sale and servicing of its Class A Shares. Under the Distribution and Service Plan, the Fund will be permitted to pay as compensation up to 1.00% on an annualized basis of the aggregate net assets of the Fund attributable to Class A Shares (the “Distribution and Servicing Fee”) to the Fund’s Distributor and/or other qualified recipients. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of an investment and may cost more than paying other types of sales charges. Class A Shares will not be offered until the Fund has received an exemptive order from the SEC permitting the adoption of the Distribution and Service Plan. Class B Shares and Class I Shares are not subject to the Distribution and Servicing Fee.

 

The Distribution and Servicing Fee to be paid to the Distributor for distribution of each class of Shares under the Distribution and Service Plan is as follows:

 

Class Distribution and Service Fee
Class A Shares 0.75%
Class B Shares None
Class C Shares None

 

ADMINISTRATION

 

The Fund has retained the Administrator, UMB Fund Services, Inc., whose principal business address is 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, WI 53212, to provide administrative services, and to assist with operational needs. The Administrator provides such services to the Fund pursuant to an administration agreement between the Fund and the Administrator (the “Administration Agreement”). The Administrator is responsible directly or through its agents for, among other things, providing the following services to each of the Fund; (1) maintaining a list of Shareholders and generally performing all actions related to the issuance and repurchase of Shares of the Fund, if any, including delivery of trade confirmations and capital statements; (2) providing certain administrative, clerical and bookkeeping services; (3) providing transfer agency services, services related to the payment of distributions, and accounting services; (4) computing the NAV of the Fund in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and procedures defined in consultation with the Investment Manager; (5) overseeing the preparation of semi-annual and annual financial statements of the Fund in accordance with GAAP, quarterly reports of the operations of the Fund and information required for tax returns; (6) supervising regulatory compliance matters and preparing certain regulatory filings; and (7) performing additional services, as agreed upon, in connection with the administration of the Fund. The Administrator may from time to time delegate its responsibilities under the Administration Agreement to one or more parties selected by the Administrator, including its affiliates or affiliates of the Investment Manager.

 

In consideration for these services, the Fund pays the Administrator a minimum monthly administration fee of $2,500, or $30,000 on an annualized basis (the “Administration Fee”). The Administration Fee is paid to the Administrator out of the assets of the Fund and therefore decreases the net profits or increases the net losses of the Fund. The Administrator is also reimbursed by the Fund for out-of-pocket expenses relating to services provided to the Fund, and receives a fee for transfer agency services. The Administration Fee and the other terms of the Administration Agreement may change from time to time as may be agreed to by the Fund and the Administrator.

 

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The Administration Agreement provides that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations to the Fund, the Administrator and any partner, director, officer or employee of the Administrator, or any of their affiliates, executors, heirs, assigns, successors or other legal representatives, will not be liable to the Fund for any error of judgment, for any mistake of law or for any act or omission by the person in connection with the performance of administration services for the Fund. The Administration Agreement also provides for indemnification, to the fullest extent permitted by law, by the Fund or the Administrator, or any partner, director, officer or employee of the Administrator, and any of their affiliates, executors, heirs, assigns, successors or other legal representatives, against any liability or expense to which the person may be liable that arises in connection with the performance of services to such fund, so long as the liability or expense is not incurred by reason of the person’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations to such fund.

 

CUSTODIAN

 

[_____________](the “Custodian”) serves as the primary custodian of the assets of the Fund, and may maintain custody of such assets with U.S. and non-U.S. subcustodians (which may be banks and trust companies), securities depositories and clearing agencies in accordance with the requirements of Section 17(f) of the Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder. Assets of the Fund are not held by the Investment Manager or the Sub-Advisers or commingled with the assets of other accounts other than to the extent that securities are held in the name of the Custodian or U.S. or non-U.S. subcustodians in a securities depository, clearing agency or omnibus customer account of such custodian. The Custodian’s principal business address is [_____________].

 

FUND EXPENSES

 

The Fund will pay all of its expenses, or reimburse the Investment Manager or its affiliates to the extent they have previously paid such expenses on behalf of the Fund. The expenses of the Fund include, but are not limited to, any fees and expenses in connection with the offering and issuance of Shares; all fees and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with the operation of the Fund; all fees and expenses directly related to portfolio transactions and positions for the Fund’s account such as direct and indirect expenses associated with the Fund’s investments, and enforcing the Fund’s rights in respect of such investments; quotation or valuation expenses; the Investment Management Fee, the portfolio management fees paid to the Sub-Advisers, and the Administration Fee; brokerage commissions; interest and fees on any borrowings by the Fund; professional fees; research expenses (including, without limitation, expenses of consultants who perform fund manager due diligence research); fees and expenses of outside legal counsel (including fees and expenses associated with the review of documentation for prospective investments by the Fund), including foreign legal counsel; accounting, auditing and tax preparation expenses; fees and expenses in connection with repurchase offers and any repurchases or redemptions of Shares; taxes and governmental fees (including tax preparation fees); fees and expenses of any custodian, subcustodian, transfer agent, and registrar, and any other agent of the Fund; all costs and charges for equipment or services used in communicating information regarding the Fund’s transactions with any custodian or other agent engaged by the Fund; bank services fees; costs and expenses relating to any amendment of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or other organizational documents of the Fund; expenses of preparing, amending, printing, and distributing the Prospectus and any other sales material (and any supplements or amendments thereto), reports, notices, other communications to Shareholders, and proxy materials; expenses of preparing, printing, and filing reports and other documents with government agencies; expenses of Shareholders’ meetings, including the solicitation of proxies in connection therewith; expenses of corporate data processing and related services; shareholder recordkeeping and account services, fees, and disbursements; expenses relating to investor and public relations; fees and expenses of the members of the Board who are not employees of the Investment Manager or its affiliates; insurance premiums; Extraordinary Expenses (as defined below); and all costs and expenses incurred as a result of dissolution, winding-up and termination of the Fund. The Fund may need to sell portfolio securities to pay fees and expenses, which could cause the Fund to realize taxable gains.

 

“Extraordinary Expenses” means all expenses incurred by the Fund outside of the ordinary course of its business, including, without limitation, costs incurred in connection with any claim, litigation, arbitration, mediation, government investigation or dispute and the amount of any judgment or settlement paid in connection therewith, or the enforcement of the rights against any person or entity; costs and expenses for indemnification or contribution payable to any person or entity; expenses of a reorganization, restructuring or merger, as applicable; expenses of holding, or soliciting proxies for, a meeting of shareholders; and the expenses of engaging a new administrator, custodian or transfer agent.

 

The Investment Manager will bear all of its expenses and costs incurred in providing investment advisory services to the Fund, including travel and other expenses related to the selection and monitoring of investments, but the Fund will bear the portfolio management fees paid to the Sub-Advisers. In addition, the Investment Manager is responsible for the payment of the compensation and expenses of those officers of the Fund affiliated with the Investment Manager, and making available, without expense to the Fund, the services of such individuals, subject to their individual consent to serve and to any limitations imposed by law.

 

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The Fund will bear directly certain ongoing offering costs associated with any periodic offers of Shares which will be expensed as they are incurred. Offering costs cannot be deducted by the Fund or the Shareholders.

 

The Investment Manager has entered into an expense limitation and reimbursement agreement (the “Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement”) with the Fund, whereby the Investment Manager has agreed to waive fees that it would otherwise have been paid, and/or to assume expenses of the Fund (a “Waiver”), if required to ensure the Total Annual Expenses (excluding any taxes, fees and interest payments on borrowed funds, distribution and servicing fees, brokerage and distribution costs and expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-2), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary or non-routine expenses, such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 2.50% of the average daily net assets of Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares (the “Expense Limit”). Because taxes, fees and interest payments on borrowed funds, distribution and servicing fees, brokerage and distribution costs and expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary or non-routine expenses are excluded from the Expense Limit, Total Annual Expenses (after fee waivers and expense reimbursements) are expected to exceed 2.50% for the Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares. For a period not to exceed three years from the date on which a Waiver is made, the Investment Manager may recoup amounts waived or assumed, provided it is able to effect such recoupment and remain in compliance with the Expense Limit in place at the time of the Waiver and the current Expense Limit. The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement has an initial two-year term, which ends on [ ]. The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement will automatically renew for consecutive one-year terms thereafter unless terminated. Neither the Fund nor the Investment Manager may terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement during the initial term. After [ ], either the Fund or the Investment Manager may terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement upon 30 days’ written notice.

 

The Fund’s fees and expenses will decrease the net profits or increase the net losses of the Fund that are credited to Shareholders.

 

VOTING

 

Each Shareholder will have the right to cast a number of votes, based on the number of such Shareholder’s Shares, at any meeting of Shareholders called by the Board. Except for the exercise of such voting privileges, Shareholders will not be entitled to participate in the management or control of the Fund’s business, and may not act for or bind the Fund.

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

The Fund may be subject to a number of actual and potential conflicts of interest.

 

The Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers and their respective affiliates engage in financial advisory activities that are independent from, and may from time to time conflict with, those of the Fund. In the future, there might arise instances where the interests of such affiliates conflict with the interests of the Fund. The Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers and their respective affiliates may provide services to, invest in, advise, sponsor and/or act as investment manager to investment vehicles and other persons or entities (including prospective investors in the Fund) which may have structures, investment objectives and/or policies that are similar to (or different than) those of the Fund; which may compete with the Fund for investment opportunities; and which may, subject to applicable law, co-invest with the Fund in certain transactions. In addition, the Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers and their respective affiliates and respective clients may themselves invest in securities that would be appropriate for the Fund. By acquiring Shares, each Shareholder will be deemed to have acknowledged the existence of any such actual and potential conflicts of interest and to have waived any claim with respect to any liability arising from the existence of any such conflict of interest.

 

Although the Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers and their respective affiliates will seek to allocate investment opportunities among the Fund and their other clients in a fair and reasonable manner, there can be no assurance that an investment opportunity which comes to the attention of the Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers or their respective affiliates will be appropriate for the Fund or will be referred to the Fund. The Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers and their respective affiliates are not obligated to refer any investment opportunity to the Fund.

 

The Fund, the Investment Manager and certain Sub-Advisers intend to seek exemptive relief from the SEC to permit greater flexibility to negotiate the terms of co-investments if the Fund’s Board determines that it would be advantageous for the Fund to co-invest with investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by a Sub-Adviser in a manner consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives, positions, policies, strategies and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors. The Fund believes that co-investment by the Fund and investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by a Sub-Adviser may afford the Fund additional investment opportunities and an ability to achieve greater diversification. Accordingly, the application for exemptive relief will seek an exemptive order permitting the Fund to invest with investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by certain Sub-Advisers in the same portfolio companies under circumstances in which such investments would otherwise not be permitted by the Investment Company Act. The Fund expects that such exemptive relief permitting co-investments, if granted, would apply only if the Fund’s independent directors review and approve each co-investment. There can be no assurance if and when the SEC would grant such relief.

 

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The directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers and employees of the Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers and their respective affiliates may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts (including through funds managed by the Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers or their respective affiliates). As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, investments may be made by directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers and employees that are the same, different from or made at different times than investments made for the Fund. To reduce the possibility that the Fund will be materially adversely affected by the personal trading described above, the Fund, the Investment Manager and each Sub-Adviser have individually adopted codes of ethics (collectively, the “Codes of Ethics”) in compliance with Section 17(j) of the Investment Company Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the portfolio transactions of the Fund. The Codes of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. The Codes of Ethics are also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by email at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102.

 

The Fund may be considered affiliates with respect to certain of its portfolio companies if certain investment funds, accounts or investment vehicles managed by a Sub-Adviser also hold interests in these portfolio companies and as such these interests may be considered a joint enterprise under the Investment Company Act. To the extent that the Fund’s interests in these portfolio companies may need to be restructured in the future or to the extent that the Fund chooses to exit certain of these transactions, its ability to do so will be limited. The Fund intends to seek exemptive relief in relation to certain joint transactions; however, there is no assurance that the Fund will obtain relief that would permit the Fund to negotiate future restructurings or other transactions that may be considered a joint enterprise.

 

The Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser may from time to time have the opportunity to receive material, non-public information (“Confidential Information”) about the issuers of certain investments, including, without limitation, investments being considered for acquisition by the Fund or held in the Fund’s portfolio. For example, principals and other employees of a Sub-Adviser may serve as directors of, or in a similar capacity with, portfolio companies in which the Fund invests, the securities of which are purchased or sold on the Fund’s behalf. The Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser may (but is not required to) seek to avoid receipt of Confidential Information from issuers so as to avoid possible restrictions on its ability to purchase and sell investments on behalf of the Fund and other clients to which such Confidential Information relates. In such circumstances, the Fund may be disadvantaged in comparison to other investors, including with respect to the price the Fund pays or receives when it buys or sells an investment. The Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser may also determine to receive such Confidential Information in certain circumstances under its applicable policies and procedures. If the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser intentionally or unintentionally comes into possession of Confidential Information, it may be unable, potentially for a substantial period of time, to purchase or sell investments to which such Confidential Information relates.

 

Many of the Fund’s portfolio investments are expected to be loans and other securities that are not publicly traded and for which no market based price quotation is available. As a result, the Board will determine the fair value of these loans and securities in good faith. In connection with that determination, investment professionals from the Investment Manager and/or a Sub-Adviser may provide the Board with valuations based upon the most recent portfolio company financial statements available and projected financial results of each portfolio company. The participation of the investment professionals of the Investment Manager and/or the Sub-Advisers in the Fund’s valuation process could result in a conflict of interest as the management fee is based on the value of the Fund’s assets.

 

OUTSTANDING SECURITIES

 

As of the date of this Prospectus, there were no outstanding Shares of the Fund.

 

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TENDER OFFERS/OFFERS TO REPURCHASE

 

A substantial portion of the Fund’s investments are illiquid. For this reason, the Fund is structured as a closed-end interval fund which means that the Shareholders will not have the right to redeem their Shares on a daily basis. In addition, the Fund does not expect any trading market to develop for the Shares. As a result, if investors decide to invest in the Fund, they will have very limited opportunity to sell their Shares.

 

The Fund intends to provide a limited degree of liquidity to the Shareholders by conducting repurchase offers quarterly with a Valuation Date (as defined below) on or about March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year.

 

For each repurchase offer the Board will set an amount between 5% and 25% of the Fund’s Shares based on relevant factors, including the liquidity of the Fund’s positions and the Shareholders’ desire for liquidity. A Shareholder whose Shares (or a portion thereof) are repurchased by the Fund will not be entitled to a return of any sales charge that was charged in connection with the Shareholder’s purchase of the Shares.

 

Shares will be repurchased at their NAV determined as of approximately March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, as applicable (each such date, a “Valuation Date”). Shareholders tendering Shares for repurchase will be asked to give written notice of their intent to do so by the date specified in the notice describing the terms of the applicable repurchase offer, which date will be approximately fourteen (14) days prior to the Valuation Date. Shareholders who tender may not have all of the tendered Shares repurchased by the Fund. If over-subscriptions occur, the Fund may elect to repurchase less than the full amount that a Shareholder requests to be repurchased. In such an event, the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the amount tendered by each Shareholder.

 

In certain circumstances, the Board may require a Shareholder to tender its Shares.

 

A Shareholder who tenders for repurchase only a portion of his Shares in the Fund will be required to maintain a minimum account balance of $2,500. If a Shareholder tenders a portion of his Shares and the repurchase of that portion would cause the Shareholder’s account balance to fall below this required minimum of $2,500, the Fund reserves the right to repurchase all of such Shareholder’s outstanding Shares. Such minimum capital account balance requirement may also be waived by the Board in its sole discretion, subject to applicable federal securities laws.

 

TENDER/REPURCHASE PROCEDURES

 

Once each quarter, the Fund will offer to repurchase at per-class NAV per Share no less than 5% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund, unless such offer is suspended or postponed in accordance with regulatory requirements (as discussed below). For each repurchase offer the Board will set an amount between 5% and 25% of the Fund’s Shares based on relevant factors, including the liquidity of the Fund’s positions and the Shareholders’ desire for liquidity. The offer to purchase shares is a fundamental policy that may not be changed without the vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the Investment Company Act). Shareholders will be notified in writing of each quarterly repurchase offer and the date the repurchase offer ends (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”). Shares will be repurchased at the per-class NAV per Share determined as of the close of business no later than the fourteenth day after the Repurchase Request Deadline, or the next Business Day if the fourteenth day is not a Business Day (each a “Repurchase Pricing Date”).

 

Shareholders will be notified in writing about each quarterly repurchase offer, how they may request that the Fund repurchase their Shares, and the “Repurchase Request Deadline,” which is the date the repurchase offer ends. Shares tendered for repurchase by shareholders prior to any Repurchase Request Deadline will be repurchased subject to the aggregate repurchase amounts established for that Repurchase Request Deadline. The time between the notification to Shareholders and the Repurchase Request Deadline is generally thirty (30) days, but may vary from no more than forty-two (42) days to no less than twenty-one (21) days. The Shareholder Notification will contain information Shareholders should consider in deciding whether to tender their Shares for repurchase. The Shareholder Notification also will include detailed instructions on how to tender Shares for repurchase, state the Repurchase Offer Amount and identify the dates of the Repurchase Request Deadline, the scheduled Repurchase Pricing Date, and the date the repurchase proceeds are scheduled for payment (the “Repurchase Payment Deadline”). The Shareholder Notification also will set forth the NAV per Share that has been computed no more than seven (7) days before the date of such notification, and how Shareholders may ascertain the NAV per Share after the notification date. Payment pursuant to the repurchase will be made by checks to the Shareholder’s address of record, or credited directly to a predetermined bank account on the Purchase Payment Date, which will be no more than seven (7) days after the Repurchase Pricing Date. The Board may establish other policies for repurchases of Shares that are consistent with the Investment Company Act, regulations thereunder and other pertinent laws.

 

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If Shareholders tender for repurchase more than the Repurchase Offer Amount for a given repurchase offer, the Fund may, but is not required to, repurchase an additional amount of Shares not to exceed 2% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund on the Repurchase Request Deadline. If the Fund determines not to repurchase more than the Repurchase Offer Amount, or if Shareholders tender Shares in an amount exceeding the Repurchase Offer Amount plus 2% of the outstanding Shares on the Repurchase Request Deadline, the Fund will repurchase the Shares on a pro rata basis. However, the Fund may accept all shares tendered for repurchase by Shareholders who own less than $2,500 worth of Shares and who tender all of their Shares, before prorating other amounts tendered. In addition, the Fund will accept the total number of Shares tendered in connection with required minimum distributions from an IRA or other qualified retirement plan. It is the Shareholder’s obligation to both notify and provide the Fund supporting documentation of a required minimum distribution from an IRA or other qualified retirement plan.

 

The Fund may suspend or postpone a repurchase offer only: (a) if making or effecting the repurchase offer would cause the Fund to lose its status as a regulated investment company under the Code; (b) for any period during which the NYSE or any market on which the securities owned by the Fund are principally traded is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings, or during which trading in such market is restricted; (c) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable, or during which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets; or (d) for such other periods as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of Shareholders of the Fund.

 

The Fund must maintain liquid assets equal to the Repurchase Offer Amount from the time that the Shareholder Notification is sent to Shareholders until the Repurchase Pricing Date. The Fund will ensure that a percentage of its net assets equal to at least 100% of the Repurchase Offer Amount consists of assets that can be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued the investment within the time period between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the Repurchase Payment Deadline. The Board has adopted procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the Fund’s assets are sufficiently liquid so that the Fund can comply with the repurchase offer and the liquidity requirements described in the previous paragraph. If, at any time, the Fund falls out of compliance with these liquidity requirements, the Board will take whatever action it deems appropriate to ensure compliance.

 

The Fund may cause a mandatory repurchase or redemption of all or some of the Shares of a Shareholder, or any person acquiring Shares from or through a Shareholder, at net asset value in accordance with the Declaration of Trust and Section 23 of the Investment Company Act and Rule 23c-2 thereunder.

 

TRANSFERS OF SHARES

 

No person shall become a substituted Shareholder of the Fund without the consent of the Fund, which consent may be withheld in its sole discretion. Shares held by Shareholders may be transferred only: (i) by operation of law in connection with the death, divorce, bankruptcy, insolvency, or adjudicated incompetence of the Shareholder; or (ii) under other limited circumstances, with the consent of the Board (which may be withheld in its sole discretion and is expected to be granted, if at all, only under extenuating circumstances).

 

Notice to the Fund of any proposed transfer must include evidence satisfactory to the Board that the proposed transferee, at the time of transfer, meets any requirements imposed by the Fund with respect to investor eligibility and suitability. Notice of a proposed transfer of a Share must also be accompanied by a properly completed investor application in respect of the proposed transferee. In connection with any request to transfer Shares, the Fund may require the Shareholder requesting the transfer to obtain, at the Shareholder’s expense, an opinion of counsel selected by the Fund as to such matters as the Fund may reasonably request. The Board generally will not consent to a transfer of Shares by a Shareholder (i) unless such transfer is to a single transferee, or (ii) if, after the transfer of the Shares, the balance of the account of each of the transferee and transferor is less than $2,500. Each transferring Shareholder and transferee may be charged reasonable expenses, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ and accountants’ fees, incurred by the Fund in connection with the transfer.

 

Any transferee acquiring Shares by operation of law in connection with the death, divorce, bankruptcy, insolvency, or adjudicated incompetence of the Shareholder, will be entitled to the distributions allocable to the Shares so acquired, to transfer the Shares in accordance with the terms of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and to tender the Shares for repurchase by the Fund, but will not be entitled to the other rights of a Shareholder unless and until the transferee becomes a substituted Shareholder as specified in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust. If a Shareholder transfers Shares with the approval of the Board, the Fund shall as promptly as practicable take all necessary actions so that each transferee or successor to whom the Shares are transferred is admitted to the Fund as a Shareholder.

 

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By subscribing for Shares, each Shareholder agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Fund, the Board, the Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers, the Administrator, the Custodian and each other Shareholder, and any affiliate of the foregoing against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs, and expenses (including legal or other expenses incurred in investigating or defending against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs, and expenses or any judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement), joint or several, to which such persons may become subject by reason of or arising from any transfer made by that Shareholder in violation of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or any misrepresentation made by that Shareholder in connection with any such transfer.

 

ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING

 

If the Fund, the Investment Manager or any governmental agency believes that the Fund has sold Shares to, or is otherwise holding assets of, any person or entity that is acting, directly or indirectly, in violation of U.S., international or other anti-money laundering laws, rules, regulations, treaties or other restrictions, or on behalf of any suspected terrorist or terrorist organization, suspected drug trafficker, or senior foreign political figure(s) suspected of engaging in corruption, the Fund, the Investment Manager or such governmental agency may freeze the assets of such person or entity invested in the Fund or suspend the repurchase of Shares. The Fund may also be required to, or deem it necessary or advisable to, remit or transfer those assets to a governmental agency, in some cases without prior notice to the investor.

 

CREDIT FACILITY

 

The Fund may enter into one or more credit agreements or other similar agreements negotiated on market terms (each, a “Borrowing Transaction”) with one or more banks or other financial institutions which may or may not be affiliated with the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser (each, a “Financial Institution”) as chosen by the Investment Manager and approved by the Board. The Fund may borrow under a credit facility for a number of reasons, including without limitation, in connection with its investment activities, to make quarterly income distributions, to satisfy repurchase requests from Shareholders, and to otherwise provide the Fund with temporary liquidity. To facilitate such Borrowing Transactions, the Fund may pledge its assets to the Financial Institution.

 

CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

GENERAL

 

The Administrator calculates the Fund’s NAV as of the close of business on each Business Day and at such other times as the Board may determine, including in connection with repurchases of Shares, in accordance with the procedures described below or as may be determined from time to time in accordance with policies established by the Board.

 

Investments in securities that are listed on the NYSE are valued, except as indicated below, at the last sale price reflected at the close of the NYSE on the Business Day as of which such value is being determined. If there has been no sale on such day, the securities are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices for the day or, if no asked price is available, at the bid price. Securities not listed on the NYSE but listed on other domestic or foreign securities exchanges are valued in a similar manner. Securities traded on more than one securities exchange are valued at the last sale price on the Business Day as of which such value is being determined as reflected on the tape at the close of the exchange representing the principal market for such securities. If, after the close of a foreign market, but prior to the close of business on the day the securities are being valued, market conditions change significantly, certain foreign securities may be valued pursuant to procedures established by the Board.

 

Before selecting any Sub-Adviser, the Investment Manager will conduct a due diligence review of the valuation methodology utilized by such Sub-Adviser and the Board will approve such methodology. As a general matter, the Fund calculates its NAV using the day-to-day valuations of its sub-advised assets provided by the Sub-Advisers and their respective agents. After allocating assets to a Sub-Adviser, the Investment Manager will monitor the valuation methodology used by such Sub-Advisers. Furthermore, the Board will review and approve in advance the valuation methodology of any independent pricing service used and confirm that the Board’s Valuation Committee will regularly review the historical accuracy of the fair value methodologies.

 

As a general matter, to value the Fund’s investments, the Sub-Advisers’ will use current market values when available, and otherwise value the Fund’s investments with fair value methodologies that the Investment Manager believes to be consistent with those used by the Fund for valuing its investments. These fair value calculations will involve significant professional judgment by the Sub-Advisers in the application of both observable and unobservable attributes, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security may differ materially from the value that could be realized upon the sale of the security. There is no single standard for determining fair value of an investment. Likewise, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to purchase or sell an investment at the fair value price used to calculate the Fund’s NAV. Rather, in determining the fair value of an investment for which there are no readily available market quotations, the Fund and the Sub-Advisers may consider several factors, including: (1) evaluation of all relevant factors, including but not limited to, pricing history, current market level, supply and demand of the respective investment; (2) comparison to the values and current pricing of investments that have comparable characteristics; (3) knowledge of historical market information with respect to the investment; (4) other factors relevant to the investment which would include, but not be limited to, duration, yield, fundamental analytical data, the Treasury yield curve, and credit quality. The Sub-Adviser may also consider periodic financial statements (audited and unaudited) or other information provided by the investment’s borrower. The Sub-Advisers will attempt to obtain current valuation information from the borrower to value all fair valued investments, but it is anticipated that such information could be available on no more than a quarterly basis. This is especially true as it relates to direct loans. Furthermore, the Board and the Investment Manager may not have the ability to assess the accuracy of the valuation information from the borrowers.

 

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The Investment Manager will monitor the valuations of Fund investments provided by the Sub-Advisers and review any material concerns with the Valuation Committee. The Investment Manager and the Board will consider, no less frequently than quarterly, all relevant information and the reliability of pricing information provided by the Sub-Advisers. They may conclude, however, in certain circumstances, that a fair valuation provided by a Sub-Adviser does not represent the fair value of a Fund investment and is not indicative of what actual fair value would be in an active, liquid or established market. In those circumstances, the Fund might value such investment at a discount or a premium to the value it receives from the Sub-Adviser, in accordance with the Fund’s valuation procedures. Any such decision would be made in good faith, and subject to the review and supervision of the Valuation Committee.

 

Additionally, the values of the Fund’s direct loan investments are adjusted daily based on the estimated total return that the asset will generate during the current quarter. The Investment Manager and the Valuation Committee monitor these estimates regularly and update them as necessary if macro or individual changes warrant any adjustments. At the end of the quarter, each direct loan’s value is adjusted based on the actual income and appreciation or depreciation realized by such loan when its quarterly valuations and income are reported. This information is updated as soon as the information becomes available.

 

SUSPENSION OF CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

As noted above, the Administrator calculates the Fund’s NAV as of the close of business on each Business Day. However, there may be circumstances where it may not be practicable to determine an NAV, including, but not limited to during any period when the principal stock exchanges for securities in which the Fund has invested its assets are closed other than for weekends and customary holidays (or when trading on such exchanges is restricted or suspended), or an emergency exists as determined by the SEC, making securities sales or determinations of NAV not practicable, or the SEC permits a delay for the protection of shareholders. In such circumstances, the Board (after consultation with the Investment Manager) may suspend the calculation of NAV. The Fund will not accept subscriptions for Shares if the calculation of NAV is suspended, and the suspension may require the termination of a pending repurchase offer by the Fund (or the postponement of the Valuation Date for a repurchase offer). Notwithstanding a suspension of the calculation of NAV, the Fund will be required to determine the value of its assets and report NAV in its semi-annual and annual reports to Shareholders, and in its reports on Form N-Q filed with the SEC after the end of the first and third quarters of the Fund’s fiscal year. The Administrator will resume calculation of the Fund’s NAV after the Board (in consultation with the Investment Manager) determines that conditions no longer require suspension of the calculation of NAV.

 

TAXES

 

INTRODUCTION

 

The following is a summary of certain material federal income tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of Shares. Because the federal income tax consequences of investing in the Fund may vary from Shareholder to Shareholder depending on each Shareholder’s unique federal income tax circumstances, this summary does not attempt to discuss all of the federal income tax consequences of such an investment. Among other things, except in certain limited cases, this summary does not purport to deal with persons in special situations (such as financial institutions, non-U.S. persons, insurance companies, entities exempt from federal income tax, regulated investment companies, dealers in commodities and securities and pass through entities). Further, to the limited extent this summary discusses possible foreign, state and local income tax consequences, it does so in a very general manner. Finally, this summary does not purport to discuss federal tax consequences (such as estate and gift tax consequences other than those arising under the federal income tax laws). You are therefore urged to consult your tax advisers to determine the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of Shares.

 

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The following summary is based upon the Code as well as administrative regulations and rulings and judicial decisions thereunder, as of the date hereof, all of which are subject to change at any time (possibly on a retroactive basis). Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the tax consequences to the Fund or its shareholder will continue to be as described herein.

 

The Fund has not sought or obtained a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) (or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental agency) or an opinion of legal counsel as to any specific federal, state, local or foreign tax matter that may affect it. Accordingly, although this summary is considered to be a correct interpretation of applicable law, no assurance can be given that a court or taxing authority will agree with such interpretation or with the tax positions taken by the Fund.

 

Except where specifically noted, this summary relates solely to U.S. Shareholders. A U.S. Shareholder for purposes of this discussion is a person who is a citizen or a resident alien of the U.S., a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the U.S. or any political subdivision thereof, an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source or a trust if: (i) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S. persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

 

TAXATION OF THE FUND

 

The below is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant under current law, which is subject to change. Except where otherwise specifically indicated, the discussion relates to investors who are individual U.S. citizens or residents. You should consult your own tax adviser regarding tax considerations relevant to your specific situation, including federal, state, local and non-U.S. taxes.

 

The Fund intends to qualify as a RIC under federal income tax law. As a RIC, the Fund will generally not be subject to federal corporate income taxes, provided that it distributes out to Shareholders their taxable income and gain each year. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must meet three important tests each year.

 

First, the Fund must derive with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships.

 

Second, generally, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and securities of other issuers (as to which the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of the issuer and as to which the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer), and no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of (1) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), (2) two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or (3) one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.

 

Third, the Fund must distribute an amount equal to at least the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) and 90% of its tax-exempt income, if any, for the year.

 

The Fund intends to comply with this distribution requirement. If the Fund were to fail to make sufficient distributions, it could be liable for corporate income tax and for excise tax in respect of the shortfall or, if the shortfall is large enough, the Fund could be disqualified as a RIC. If for any taxable year the Fund were not to qualify as a RIC, all its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to Shareholders. In that event, taxable Shareholders would recognize dividend income on distributions to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, and corporate Shareholders could be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

 

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The Code imposes a nondeductible 4% excise tax on RICs that fail to distribute each year an amount equal to specified percentages of their ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital losses). The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions each year to avoid liability for this excise tax.

 

Certain of the Fund’s investments will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in a taxable year in excess of the cash generated on those investments during that year. In particular, the Fund expects to invest in debt obligations that will be treated as having “market discount” and/or original issue discount (“OID”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Additionally, some of the CLOs in which the Fund may invest may constitute passive foreign investment companies, or under certain circumstances, controlled foreign corporations. Because the Fund may be required to recognize income in respect of these investments before, or without receiving, cash representing such income, the Fund may have difficulty satisfying the annual distribution requirements applicable to RICs and avoiding Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to sell assets, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, raise additional debt or equity capital, make taxable distributions of its Shares or debt securities, or reduce new investments, to obtain the cash needed to make these income distributions. If the Fund liquidates assets to raise cash, the Fund may realize gain or loss on such liquidations; in the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such liquidation transactions, the Shareholders may receive larger capital gain distributions than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade instruments. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund to the extent necessary to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income that it does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

 

Distributions To Shareholders . The Fund contemplates declaring as dividends each year all or substantially all of its taxable income and intends to make quarterly distributions. In general, distributions will be taxable to you for federal, state and local income tax purposes unless you are a tax-exempt entity, including qualified retirement plans or individual retirement accounts. Distributions are taxable whether they are received in cash or reinvested in Shares. A Shareholder may thus recognize income and gains taxable for federal, state and local income tax purposes and not receive any cash distributions to pay any resulting taxes.

 

Fund distributions, if any, that are attributable to “qualified dividend income” or “long-term capital gains” earned by the Fund would be taxable to non-corporate Shareholders at reduced rates. Shareholders must have owned the Shares for at least sixty-one (61) days during the one hundred twenty-one (121) day period beginning sixty (60) days before the ex-dividend date to benefit from the lower rates on qualified dividend income. However, U.S. individuals with modified adjusted gross income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples filing jointly) and trusts and estates with income above specified levels are subject to a 3.8% tax on their net investment income, which includes interest, dividends and capital gains.

 

Shareholders are generally taxed on any dividends from the Fund in the year they are actually distributed. Dividends declared in October, November or December of a year, and paid in January of the following year, will generally be treated for federal income tax purposes as having been paid to Shareholders on December 31 st of the year in which the dividend was declared.

 

Expenses . As long as the Fund is not continuously offered pursuant to a public offering, regularly traded on an established securities market or does not have at least five hundred (500) Shareholders at all times during the taxable year, certain expenses incurred by the Fund that if paid by an individual would be treated only as “miscellaneous itemized deductions” are generally not deductible by the Fund. Instead each Shareholder will be treated as if it received a dividend in an amount equal to its allocable share of the Fund’s expenses and then having paid such expenses itself. For non-corporate taxpayers, such expenses will generally be “miscellaneous itemized deductions” and under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, the ability non-corporate taxpayers to deduct miscellaneous itemized deductions has been suspended.

 

Certain Withholding Taxes. The Fund may be subject to taxes, including foreign withholding taxes, attributable to investments of the Fund. If at the close of the Fund’s taxable year more than 50% of the value of its assets consists of foreign stock or securities, the Fund will be eligible to elect, for federal income tax purposes, to treat certain foreign taxes paid by it, including generally any withholding and other foreign income taxes, as paid by its Shareholders. If the Fund so elects, the pro rata amount of such foreign taxes paid by the Fund will be included in its Shareholders’ income and each such Shareholder will be entitled either (1) to credit that proportional amount of taxes against U.S. Federal income tax liability as a foreign tax credit or (2) to take that amount as an itemized deduction. The Fund does not expect to be able to make such election.

 

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Sales, Exchanges And Redemptions. Shareholders will recognize a taxable gain or loss on a sale, exchange or redemption of Shares in an amount equal to the difference between the Shareholder’s tax basis in the Shares and the amount the Shareholder receives for them. Generally, this gain or loss will be long-term or short-term depending on whether the holding period exceeds twelve (12) months. Additionally, any loss realized on a disposition of Shares of the Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent the Shares disposed of are replaced with other Shares of the Fund within a period of sixty-one (61) days beginning thirty (30) days before and ending thirty (30) days after the Shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in Shares of the Fund. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the Shares acquired.

 

The Fund is required to compute and report the cost basis on Shares sold or exchanged. The Fund has elected to use the First In, First Out (“FIFO”) method unless it is instructed to select a different method, or a Shareholder chooses to specifically identify Shares at the time of each sale or exchange. If a Shareholder’s account is held by a broker or other adviser, they may select a different method. In these cases, Shareholders should contact the holder of the Shares to obtain information with respect to the available methods and elections for such accounts. Shareholders should carefully review the cost basis information provided by the Fund and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on federal and state income tax returns.

 

IRAs and Other Tax Qualified Plans. In general, dividends received and gain or loss realized with respect to Shares held in an IRA or other tax qualified plan are not currently taxable unless the Shares were acquired with borrowed funds.

 

Pursuant to the Regulations directed at tax shelter activity, taxpayers are required to disclose to the IRS certain information on Form 8886 if they participate in a “reportable transaction.” A transaction may be a “reportable transaction” based upon any of several indicia with respect to a Shareholder, including the recognition of a loss in excess of certain thresholds (for individuals, $2 million in one year or $4 million in any combination of years). Investors should consult their own tax advisers concerning any possible disclosure obligation with respect to their investment in Shares.

 

U.S. Tax Treatment Of Foreign Shareholders. Nonresident aliens, foreign corporations and other foreign investors in the Fund will generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on Fund distributions attributable to net capital gains. However, the Fund does not expect to make significant distributions that will be designated as net capital gains. The exemption may not apply, however, if the investment in the Fund is connected to a trade or business of the foreign investor in the United States or if the foreign investor is present in the United States for one hundred eighty-three (183) days or more in a year and certain other conditions are met.

 

Fund distributions attributable to other categories of Fund income, such as interest, and dividends from companies whose securities are held by the Fund, will generally be subject to a 30% withholding tax when paid to foreign Shareholders. However, the Fund may be able to designate a portion of the distributions made as interest related dividends or short term capital gain dividends which are generally exempt from this withholding tax. The withholding tax may, however, be reduced (and, in some cases, eliminated) under an applicable tax treaty between the United States and a Shareholder’s country of residence or incorporation, provided that the Shareholder furnishes the Fund with a properly completed Form W-8BEN to establish entitlement for these treaty benefits.

 

A foreign Shareholder will generally not be subject to U.S. tax on gains realized on sales or exchanges of Shares unless the investment in the Fund is connected to a trade or business of the Shareholder in the United States or if the Shareholder is present in the United States for one hundred eighty-three (183) days or more in a year and certain other conditions are met.

 

In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold 30% tax on payments to foreign entities that do not meet specified information reporting requirements under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act.

 

All foreign Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund in their country of residence.

 

State and Local Taxes . In addition to the U.S. federal income tax consequences summarized above, you may be subject to state and local taxes on distributions and redemptions. State income taxes may not apply, however, to the portions of the Fund’s distributions, if any, that are attributable to interest on U.S. government securities.

 

Information Reporting And Backup Withholding. Under applicable “backup withholding” requirements, the Fund may be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the IRS a percentage of taxable dividends or gross proceeds realized upon sale payable to Shareholders who have failed to provide a correct tax identification number in the manner required, or who are subject to withholding by the IRS for failure to properly include on their return payments of taxable interest or dividends, or who have failed to certify to the Fund that they are not subject to backup withholding when required to do so or that they are “exempt recipients.” The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a Shareholder will be allowed as a credit against the Shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such a Shareholder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

 

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Other Tax Matters

 

The preceding is a summary of some of the tax rules and considerations affecting Shareholders and the Fund’s operations, and does not purport to be a complete analysis of all relevant tax rules and considerations, nor does it purport to be a complete listing of all potential tax risks inherent in making an investment in the Fund. A Shareholder may be subject to other taxes, including but not limited to, state and local taxes, estate and inheritance taxes, and intangible taxes that may be imposed by various jurisdictions. The Fund also may be subject to state, local, and foreign taxes that could reduce cash distributions to Shareholders. It is the responsibility of each Shareholder to file all appropriate tax returns that may be required. Each prospective Shareholder is urged to consult with his or her tax adviser with respect to any investment in the Fund.

 

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ERISA AND CODE CONSIDERATIONS

 

Persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an employee benefit plan or other arrangements subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) (an “ERISA Plan”), certain individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”), or certain Keogh plans, should consider, among other things, the matters described below before determining whether to invest in the Fund. ERISA imposes certain general and specific responsibilities on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an ERISA Plan, including prudence, diversification, the avoidance of prohibited transactions, and other standards. In determining whether a particular investment is appropriate for an ERISA Plan, U.S. Department of Labor regulations provide that a fiduciary of the ERISA Plan must give appropriate consideration to, among other things, the role that the investment plays in the ERISA Plan’s portfolio, whether the investment is designed reasonably to further the ERISA Plan’s purposes, the risk and return factors, the portfolio’s composition with regard to diversification, the liquidity and current total return of the portfolio relative to the anticipated cash flow needs of the ERISA Plan and the proposed investment, the income taxes (if any) attributable to the investment, and the projected return of the investment relative to the ERISA Plan’s funding objectives. Before investing the assets of an ERISA Plan in the Fund, an ERISA Plan fiduciary should determine whether such an investment is consistent with ERISA’s fiduciary responsibilities and the foregoing considerations. If a fiduciary with respect to any such ERISA Plan breaches such responsibilities with regard to selecting an investment or an investment course of action for such ERISA Plan, the fiduciary may be held personally liable for losses incurred by the ERISA Plan as a result of such breach. Non-ERISA-covered IRAs and Keogh plans and other arrangements not subject to ERISA, but subject to the prohibited transaction rules of Section 4975 of the Code (“Code Plans”; together with ERISA Plans, “Plans”), should determine whether an investment in the Fund will violate those rules.

 

Because the Fund will be registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered “plan assets” of the Plans investing in the Fund for purposes of ERISA’s fiduciary responsibility rules and ERISA and the Code’s prohibited transaction rules. Thus, neither the Investment Manager nor any Sub-Adviser will be a fiduciary within the meaning of ERISA and the Code with respect to the assets of any Plan that becomes a Shareholder of the Fund, solely as a result of the Plan’s investment in the Fund.

 

Certain prospective ERISA Plan investors may currently maintain relationships with the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser or with other entities that are affiliated with the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser. Each of such persons may be deemed to be a party in interest to, a disqualified person of, and/or a fiduciary of any ERISA Plan to which it provides investment management, investment advisory, or other services. ERISA and the Code prohibit ERISA Plan assets from being used for the benefit of a party in interest or disqualified person and also prohibit a fiduciary from using its position to cause the ERISA Plan to make an investment from which it or certain third parties in which such fiduciary has an interest would receive a fee or other consideration. ERISA Plan investors should consult with legal counsel to determine if participation in the Fund is a transaction that is prohibited by ERISA or the Code. ERISA Plan fiduciaries will be required to represent that the decision to invest in the Fund was made by them as fiduciaries that are independent of such affiliated persons, that they are duly authorized to make such investment decisions, and that they have not relied on any individualized advice or recommendation of such affiliated persons as a primary basis for the decision to invest in the Fund.

 

The provisions of ERISA and the Code are subject to extensive and continuing administrative and judicial interpretation and review. The discussion of ERISA and the Code contained herein is, of necessity, general and may be affected by the future publication or the future applicability of final regulations and rulings. Potential investors should consult with their legal advisers regarding the consequences under ERISA and the Code of the acquisition and ownership of Shares.

 

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

 

The Fund is authorized to offer three separate classes of Shares designated as Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares. Class A Shares and Class B Shares will not be offered to investors until the Fund has received an exemptive order permitting the multi-class structure. There is no assurance that the Fund will be granted the exemptive order. The Fund may offer other classes of Shares as well in the future. From time to time, the Board may create and offer additional classes of Shares, or may vary the characteristics of Class A, Class B, and/or Class I Shares described herein, including without limitation, in the following respects: (1) the amount of fees permitted by a distribution and/or service plan as to such class; (2) voting rights with respect to a distribution and/or service plan as to such class; (3) different class designations; (4) the impact of any class expenses directly attributable to a particular class of Shares; (5) differences in any dividends and net asset values resulting from differences in fees under a distribution and/or service plan or in class expenses; (6) any sales load structure; and (7) any conversion features, as permitted under the Investment Company Act. The Fund’s repurchase offers will be made to all of its classes of Shares at the same time, in the same proportional amounts and on the same terms, except for differences in net asset values resulting from differences in fees under a distribution and/or service plan or in class expenses.

 

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PURCHASING SHARES

 

PURCHASE TERMS

 

The minimum initial investment in Class A Shares by any investor is $10,000, the minimum initial investment in Class B Shares by any investor is $10,000, and the minimum initial investment in Class I Shares by any investor is $1,000,000. The minimum additional investment in the Fund by any Shareholder is $5,000. However, the Fund, in its sole discretion, may accept investments below these minimums. Shares may be purchased by principals and employees of the Investment Manager or its affiliates and their immediate family members without being subject to the minimum investment requirements. The Shares will initially be issued at $100.00 per share and thereafter the purchase price for each class of Shares will be based on the NAV per Share of that Class as of the date such Shares are purchased.

 

Class B Shares are sold at the public offering price, which is the NAV plus an initial maximum 1.00% sales charge, which varies with the amount you invest as shown in the following chart. This means that part of your investment in the Fund will be used to pay the sales charge.

 

Class B Shares – Sales Charge Schedule
Your Investment

Front-End Sales Charge

As a % Of Offering Price*

Front-End Sales Charge

As a % Of Net Investment

Dealer Reallowance

As a % of Offering Price

Up to $24,999 []% []% []%
$25,000 - $49,999 []% []% []%
$50,000 - $99,999 []% []% []%
$1,000,000 - $249,999 []% []% []%
$250,000 - $499,999 []% []% []%
$500,000 - $999,999 []% []% []%
$1 million or more None None None
* The offering price includes the sales charge.

 

Class A Shares and Class I Shares are not subject to any initial sales charge.

 

Shares will generally be offered for purchase on each Business Day, except that Shares may be offered more or less frequently as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. The Board may also suspend or terminate offerings of Shares at any time.

 

Except as otherwise permitted by the Board, initial and subsequent purchases of Shares will be payable in cash. Orders will be priced at the appropriate price next computed after the order is received by the Administrator. The Fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to accept or reject any subscription to purchase Shares in the Fund at any time. In the event that cleared funds and/or a properly completed investor application are not received from a prospective investor prior to the cut-off times pertaining to a particular offering, the Fund may hold the relevant funds and investor application for processing in the next offering.

 

In general, an investment will be accepted if a completed investor application and funds are received in good order. The Fund reserves the right to reject, in its sole discretion, any request to purchase Shares in the Fund at any time.

 

TERM, DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION

 

The Fund may be dissolved upon approval of a majority of the Trustees. Upon the liquidation of the Fund, its assets will be distributed first to satisfy (whether by payment or the making of a reasonable provision for payment) the debts, liabilities and obligations of the Fund, including actual or anticipated liquidation expenses, other than debts, liabilities or obligations to Shareholders, and then to the Shareholders proportionately in accordance with the amount of Shares that they own. Assets may be distributed in-kind on a proportionate basis if the Board or liquidator determines that the distribution of assets in-kind would be in the interests of the Shareholders in facilitating an orderly liquidation.

 

REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS

 

The Fund will furnish to Shareholders as soon as practicable after the end of each of its taxable years such information as is necessary for them to complete U.S. federal and state income tax or information returns, along with any other tax information required by law. The Fund anticipates sending Shareholders an unaudited semi-annual and an audited annual report within 60 days after the close of the period for which the report is being made, or as otherwise required by the Investment Company Act. Shareholders also will be sent reports regarding the Fund’s operations each quarter.

 

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FISCAL YEAR

 

The Fund’s fiscal year is the 12-month period ending on December 31. The Fund’s taxable year is the 12-month period ending on December 31.

 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM; LEGAL COUNSEL

 

The Board has selected [   ], as the independent registered public accountants of the Fund.

 

Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996, serves as counsel to the Fund and the Independent Trustees.

 

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INQUIRIES

 

Inquiries concerning the Fund and Shares (including procedures for purchasing Shares) should be directed to the Fund’s Administrator, UMB Fund Services, Inc. at 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, WI 53212.

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Page

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES 1
FUNDAMENTAL POLICIES 1
BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS 3
CODES OF ETHICS 7
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES 7
BROKERAGE 10
TAX MATTERS 11
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM; LEGAL COUNSEL 17
CUSTODIAN 18
DISTRIBUTOR 18
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES 18
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS 18
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 18
APPENDIX A – PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES A-1
APPENDIX B – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS B-1

 

- 55

 

Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund

c/o UMB Fund Services, Inc.

235 West Galena Street

Milwaukee, WI 53212

[ Insert Toll-Free Number ]

 

Investment Manager

Cliffwater LLC

4640 Admiralty Way, 11 th Floor

Marina del Rey, CA 90292-6623

Transfer Agent / Administrator

UMB Fund Services, Inc.

235 West Galena Street

Milwaukee, WI 53212

Custodian Bank

[_____________

_____________

_____________]

Distributor

Foreside Fund Services, LLC

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100

Portland, ME 04101

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

[ ]

Fund Counsel

Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP

One Logan Square, Suite 2000

Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996

 

 

 

Subject to Completion, [ ] [ ], 2018

 

The information in this statement of additional information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This statement of additional information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

CLIFFWATER DIRECT LENDING FUND

Class A Shares [TICKER ]

Class B Shares [TICKER ]

Class I Shares [TICKER]

 

Dated [_______], 2018

 

c/o UMB Fund Services, Inc.

235 West Galena Street

Milwaukee, WI 53212

 

[ Toll-Free Number ]

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. This SAI relates to and should be read in conjunction with the prospectus (the “Prospectus”) of the Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund (the “Fund”) dated [_______], 2018, as it may be further amended or supplemented from time to time. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by contacting the Fund at the telephone number or address set forth above.

 

This SAI is not an offer to sell shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) of the Fund and is not soliciting an offer to buy Shares in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein have the same meaning set forth in the Prospectus.

 

Shares are distributed by Foreside Fund Services, LLC (“Distributor”) to institutions and financial intermediaries who may distribute Shares to clients and customers (including affiliates and correspondents) of the Fund’s investment adviser, and to clients and customers of other organizations. The Fund’s Prospectus, which is dated [_______], 2018, provides basic information investors should know before investing. This SAI is intended to provide additional information regarding the activities and operations of the Fund and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES 1
FUNDAMENTAL POLICIES 1
BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS 3
CODES OF ETHICS 7
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES 7
BROKERAGE 10
TAX MATTERS 11
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM; LEGAL COUNSEL 17
CUSTODIAN 18
DISTRIBUTOR 18
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES 18
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS 18
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 18
APPENDIX A – PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES A-1
APPENDIX B – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS B-1

 

 

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES

 

The investment objective of the Fund, as well as the principal investment strategies of the Fund and the principal risks associated with such investment strategies, are set forth in the Prospectus. Certain additional information regarding the investment program of the Fund is set forth below.

 

FUNDAMENTAL POLICIES

 

The Fund’s fundamental policies, which are listed below, may only be changed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. No other policy is a fundamental policy of the Fund, except as expressly stated. At the present time the Shares are the only outstanding voting securities of the Fund. As defined by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), the vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund” means the vote, at an annual or special meeting of the Shareholders of the Fund, duly called, (i) of 67% or more of the Shares represented at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding Shares are present in person or represented by proxy or (ii) of more than 50% of the outstanding Shares, whichever is less. Within the limits of the fundamental policies of the Fund, the management of the Fund has reserved freedom of action.

 

Fundamental Policies:

 

The Fund may:

 

(1) borrow money and issue senior securities (as defined under the Investment Company Act), except as prohibited under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder (except as permitted by an exemption therefrom), as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted by the SEC from time to time.

 

(2) underwrite securities issued by other persons, except as prohibited under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder (except as permitted by an exemption therefrom), as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted by the SEC from time to time.

 

(3) make loans, except as prohibited under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder (except as permitted by an exemption therefrom), as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted by the SEC from time to time.

 

(4) may purchase or sell commodities or real estate, except as prohibited under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder (except as permitted by an exemption therefrom), as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted by the SEC from time to time.

 

(5) not concentrate investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as concentration is defined under the Investment Company Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time, except that the Fund may invest without limitation in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities and repurchase agreements involving such securities or tax-exempt obligations of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions.

 

1

 

With respect to these investment restrictions and other policies described in this SAI or the Prospectus, if a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time of an investment or transaction, a later change in percentage resulting from a change in the values of investments or the value of the Fund’s total assets, unless otherwise stated, will not constitute a violation of such restriction or policy.

 

In addition to the above, the Fund has adopted the following additional fundamental policies:

 

it will make quarterly repurchase offers for no less than for 5% and not more than 25% (except as permitted by Rule 23c-3) of the shares outstanding at per-class net asset value (“NAV”) per share (measured on the repurchase request deadline) less any repurchase fee, unless suspended or postponed in accordance with regulatory requirements;

 

each repurchase request deadline will be determined in accordance with Rule 23c-3, as may be amended from time to time. Currently, Rule 23c-3 requires the repurchase request deadline to be no less than 21 and no more than 42 days after the Fund sends a notification to Shareholders of the repurchase offer; and

 

each repurchase pricing date will be determined in accordance with Rule 23c-3, as may be amended from time to time. Currently, Rule 23c-3 requires the repurchase pricing date to be no later than the 14th day after a repurchase request deadline, or the next business day if the 14th day is not a business day.

 

THE FUND MAY CHANGE ITS INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, POLICIES, RESTRICTIONS, STRATEGIES, AND TECHNIQUES.

 

Except as otherwise indicated, the Fund may change its investment objectives and any of its policies, restrictions, strategies, and techniques without Shareholder approval. The investment objective of the Fund is not a fundamental policy of the Fund and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board”) without the vote of a majority (as defined by the Investment Company Act) of the Fund’s outstanding Shares.

Non-Fundamental Policies:

 

The following investment limitations of the Fund are non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board without Shareholder approval.

 

1. The Fund may not invest directly in real estate. For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing policy does not prevent the Fund from, among other things; purchasing securities of companies that deal in real estate or interests therein (including REITs).

 

2. The Fund may purchase or sell financial and physical commodities, commodity contracts based on (or relating to) physical commodities or financial commodities and securities and derivative instruments whose values are derived from (in whole or in part) physical commodities or financial commodities.

 

2

 

The following descriptions of the Investment Company Act may assist investors in understanding the above policies and restrictions.

 

Borrowing . The Investment Company Act restricts an investment company from borrowing in excess of 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed, but excluding temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets). Transactions that are fully collateralized in a manner that does not involve the prohibited issuance of a “senior security” within the meaning of Section 18(f) of the Investment Company Act, shall not be regarded as borrowings for the purposes of the Fund’s investment restriction.

 

Concentration . The SEC staff has defined concentration as investing 25% or more of an investment company’s total assets in any particular industry or group of industries, with certain exceptions such as with respect to investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies and instrumentalities, or tax-exempt obligations of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions. For purposes of the Fund’s concentration policy, the Fund may classify and re-classify companies in a particular industry and define and re-define industries in any reasonable manner, consistent with SEC guidance.

 

Senior Securities . Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness. The Investment Company Act generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although it does not treat certain transactions as senior securities, such as certain borrowings, short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements and standby commitments, with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligation.

 

Underwriting . Under the Investment Company Act, underwriting securities involves an investment company purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly.

 

Lending . Under the Investment Company Act, an investment company may only make loans if expressly permitted by its investment policies.

 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

The business operations of the Fund are managed and supervised under the direction of the Board, subject to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust. The Board has overall responsibility for the management and supervision of the business affairs of the Fund on behalf of its Shareholders, including the authority to establish policies regarding the management, conduct and operation of its business. The Board exercises the same powers, authority and responsibilities on behalf of the Fund as are customarily exercised by the board of directors of a registered investment company organized as a corporation. The officers of the Fund conduct and supervise the daily business operations of the Fund.

 

3

 

The members of the Board (each, a “Trustee”) are not required to contribute to the capital of the Fund or to hold Shares. A majority of Trustees of the Board are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Fund (collectively, the “Independent Trustees”). Any Trustee who is not an Independent Trustee is an interested trustee (“Interested Trustee”).

 

The identity of Trustees of the Board and officers of the Fund, and their brief biographical information, including their addresses, their year of birth and descriptions of their principal occupations during the past five years is set forth below.

 

The Trustees serve on the Board for terms of indefinite duration. A Trustee’s position in that capacity will terminate if the Trustee is removed or resigns or, among other events, upon the Trustee’s death, incapacity, retirement or bankruptcy. A Trustee may resign upon written notice to the other Trustees of the Fund, and may be removed either by (i) the vote of at least two-thirds of the Trustees of the Fund not subject to the removal vote or (ii) the vote of Shareholders of the Fund holding not less than two-thirds of the total number of votes eligible to be cast by all Shareholders of the Fund. In the event of any vacancy in the position of a Trustee, the remaining Trustees of the Fund may appoint an individual to serve as a Trustee so long as immediately after the appointment at least two-thirds of the Trustees of the Fund then serving have been elected by the Shareholders of the Fund. The Board may call a meeting of the Fund’s Shareholders to fill any vacancy in the position of a Trustee of the Fund, and must do so if the Trustees who were elected by the Shareholders of the Fund cease to constitute a majority of the Trustees then serving on the Board.

 

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

 

[Trustee and Officer tables to be added by amendment]

 

INTERESTED TRUSTEE AND OFFICERS

 

[Trustee and Officer tables to be added by amendment]

 

The Board believes that each of the Trustees’ experience, qualifications, attributes and skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that each Trustee should serve in such capacity. Among the attributes common to all Trustees is the ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the other Trustees, the Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers, the Fund’s other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s business, consulting, and public service; experience as a board member of non-profit entities or other organizations; education or professional training; and/or other life experiences. In addition to these shared characteristics, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee.

 

[to be inserted]

 

Specific details regarding each Trustee’s principal occupations during the past five years are included in the table above.

 

4

 

Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for oversight of the Fund rests with the Board. The Fund has engaged the Investment Manager to manage the Fund on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Investment Manager, Sub-Advisers and other service providers in the operations of the Fund in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Company Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust. The Board is currently composed of three members, two of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board will meet in-person at regularly scheduled meetings four times each year. In addition, the Board may hold special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees have also engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibility. The Independent Trustees will meet with their independent legal counsel in person prior to and during each quarterly in-person board meeting. As described below, the Board has established a Valuation Committee, an Audit Committee and a Nominating Committee, and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities.

 

The Board has appointed [ ], an Interested Trustee, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as liaison with the Investment Manager, Sub-Advisers, other service providers, counsel and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman serves as a key point person for dealings between management and the Trustees. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has not appointed a lead independent trustee. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over matters under its purview and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Trustees and the full Board in a manner that enhances effective oversight.

 

The Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational and valuation risks, among others. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Fund and will be addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of the Investment Manager, Sub-Advisers and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), which carry out the Fund’s investment management and business affairs. The Investment Manager, Sub-Advisers and other service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various events or circumstances that give rise to risks, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Each of the Investment Manager, the Sub-Advisers and other service providers has its own independent interests in risk management, and their policies and methods of risk management will depend on their functions and business models. The Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. The Board will require senior officers of the Fund, including the President, Treasurer and Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) and the Investment Manager, to report to the full Board on a variety of matters at regular and special meetings of the Board, including matters relating to risk management. The Board and the Audit Committee will receive regular reports from the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm on internal control and financial reporting matters. The Board will also receive reports from certain of the Fund’s other primary service providers on a periodic or regular basis, including the Sub-Advisers and the Fund’s custodian, distributor and administrator. The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts risk oversight.

 

5

 

Committees of the Board of Trustees

 

Audit Committee

 

The Board has formed an Audit Committee that is responsible for overseeing the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, its internal controls, and, as appropriate, the internal controls of certain service providers; overseeing the quality and objectivity of the Fund’s financial statements and the independent audit of those financial statements; and acting as a liaison between the Fund’s independent auditors and the full Board. In performing its responsibilities, the Audit Committee will select and recommend annually to the entire Board a firm of independent certified public accountants to audit the books and records of the Fund for the ensuing year, and will review with the firm the scope and results of each audit. The Audit Committee currently consists of each of the Fund’s Independent Trustees. As the Fund is recently organized, the Audit Committee did not hold any meetings during the last year.

 

Nominating Committee

 

The Board has formed a Nominating Committee that is responsible for selecting and nominating persons to serve as Trustees of the Fund. The Nominating Committee is responsible for both nominating candidates to be appointed by the Board to fill vacancies and for nominating candidates to be presented to Shareholders for election. In performing its responsibilities, the Nominating Committee will consider candidates recommended by management of the Fund and by Shareholders and evaluate them both in a similar manner, as long as the recommendation submitted by a Shareholder includes at a minimum: the name, address and telephone number of the recommending Shareholder and information concerning the Shareholder’s interests in the Fund in sufficient detail to establish that the Shareholder held Shares on the relevant record date; and the name, address and telephone number of the recommended nominee and information concerning the recommended nominee’s education, professional experience, and other information that might assist the Nominating Committee in evaluating the recommended nominee’s qualifications to serve as a trustee. The Nominating Committee may solicit candidates to serve as trustees from any source it deems appropriate. With the Board’s prior approval, the Nominating Committee may employ and compensate counsel, consultants or advisers to assist it in discharging its responsibilities. The Nominating Committee currently consists of each of the Fund’s Independent Trustees. As the Fund is recently organized, the Nominating Committee did not hold any meetings during the last year.

 

Valuation Committee

 

The Board has formed a Valuation Committee that is responsible for reviewing fair valuations of securities held by the Fund in instances as required by the valuation procedures adopted by the Board and is responsible for carrying out the provisions of its charter. The Valuation Committee currently consists of each of the Fund’s Trustees. As the Fund is recently organized, the Valuation Committee did not hold any meetings during the last year.

 

6

 

Trustee Ownership of Securities

 

The Fund has not yet commenced operations, therefore none of the Trustees own Shares of the Fund.

 

Independent Trustee Ownership of Securities

 

As of [ ], none of the Independent Trustees (or their immediate family members) owned securities of the Investment Manager or any Sub-Adviser, or of an entity (other than a registered investment company or business development company) controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Investment Manager or any Sub-Adviser.

 

Trustee Compensation

 

In consideration of the services rendered by the Independent Trustees, the Fund will pay each Independent Trustee a retainer of $[ ] per year. Trustees that are interested persons will be compensated by the Fund’s administrator and/or its affiliates and will not be separately compensated by the Fund.

 

CODES OF ETHICS

 

The Fund, the Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers have each adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Fund, and the Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers from engaging in deceptive, manipulative, or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Fund. The codes of ethics permit persons subject to them to invest in securities, including securities that may be held or purchased by the Fund, subject to a number of restrictions and controls. Compliance with the codes of ethics is carefully monitored and enforced.

 

The codes of ethics are included as exhibits to the Fund’s registration statement filed with the SEC and can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. The codes of ethics are available on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and may also be obtained after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102.

 

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES

 

The Investment Manager

 

Cliffwater LLC (the “Investment Manager”) serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. The Investment Manager is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Subject to the general supervision of the Board, and in accordance with the investment objective, policies, and restrictions of the Fund, the Investment Manager is responsible for the management and operation of the Fund and the investment of the Fund’s assets. The Investment Manager provides such services to the Fund pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement.

 

The Investment Management Agreement became effective as of [ ], and will continue in effect for an initial two-year term. Thereafter, the Investment Management Agreement will continue in effect from year to year provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or a majority of the Board, and (ii) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Fund, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Agreements, or any other investment advisory contracts, will be available in the Fund’s first annual or semi-annual report to Shareholders.

 

7

 

Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, the Fund pays the Investment Manager a monthly Investment Management Fee equal to 1.00% on an annualized basis of the Fund’s average daily NAV, subject to certain adjustments. The Investment Management Fee will be paid to the Investment Manager before giving effect to any repurchase of Shares in the Fund effective as of that date, and will decrease the net profits or increase the net losses of the Fund that are credited to its Shareholders. NAV means the total value of all assets of the Fund, less an amount equal to all accrued debts, liabilities and obligations of the Fund; provided that for purposes of determining the Investment Management Fee payable to the Investment Manager for any month, NAV will be calculated prior to any reduction for any fees and expenses of the Fund for that month, including, without limitation, the Investment Management Fee payable to the Investment Manager for that month. The Investment Management Fee will be accrued daily, and will be due and payable monthly in arrears within ten (10) business days after the end of the month.

 

The Investment Manager has entered into an expense limitation and reimbursement agreement (the “Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement”) with the Fund, whereby the Investment Manager has agreed to waive fees that it would otherwise have been paid, and/or to assume expenses of the Fund (a “Waiver”), if required to ensure the Total Annual Expenses (excluding any taxes, fees and interest payments on borrowed funds, distribution and servicing fees, brokerage and distribution costs and expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-2), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary or non-routine expenses, such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 2.50% of the average daily net assets of the Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares (the “Expense Limit”). Because taxes, fees and interest payments on borrowed funds, distribution and servicing fees, brokerage and distribution costs and expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary or non-routine expenses are excluded from the Expense Limit, Total Annual Expenses (after fee waivers and expense reimbursements) are expected to exceed 2.50% for the Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class I Shares. For a period not to exceed three years from the date on which a Waiver is made, the Investment Manager may recoup amounts waived or assumed, provided it is able to effect such recoupment and remain in compliance with the Expense Limit in place at the time of the Waiver and the current Expense Limit. The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement has an initial two-year term, which ends on [ date ]. The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement will automatically renew for consecutive one-year terms thereafter unless terminated. Neither the Fund nor the Investment Manager may terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement during the initial term. After [ date ], either of the Fund or the Investment Manager may terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement upon 30 days’ written notice.

 

The Sub-Advisers

 

Each Sub-Adviser selected by the Investment Manager, subject to Shareholder approval, will be primarily responsible for its investment strategy and the day-to-day management of the Fund’s assets allocated to it by the Investment Manager. Founded in [ ], [ ] (“[ ]”) is located at [ ]. [ ] is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser and manages, as of [ date ], approximately $[ ] for individuals and institutions, including [limited partnerships and business development companies].

 

8

 

Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement among the Fund, the Investment Manager and [ ], (the “[ ] Sub-Advisory Agreement”), the Fund will pay [ ] a monthly sub-advisory fee on the portion of Fund assets managed by the [ ]. The portfolio management fees paid to [ ] will be [ ] % of the allocable portion of the Fund’s assets managed by such Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser’s fee will be paid out of the Fund’s assets. The [ ] Sub-Advisory Agreement may be terminated without the payment of any penalty by the Investment Manager, the Board, or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to the Sub-Adviser.

 

All fees and expenses are accrued daily and deducted before payment of dividends to investors. The [ ] Sub-Advisory Agreement has been approved by the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and the initial shareholder of the Fund. Information regarding the Board’s approval of the [ ] Sub-Advisory Agreement will be available in the Fund’s first annual or semi-annual report to shareholders.

 

[Placeholder for additional Sub-Advisers]

 

The Portfolio Managers

 

The persons who will initially have primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio (the “Portfolio Managers”) are Stephen L. Nesbitt and [ ].

 

Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Manager

 

 

 

Type of Accounts

Total

# of

Accounts

Managed

Total Assets ($mm)

# of Accounts

Managed that

Advisory Fee

Based on

Performance

Total Assets that

Advisory Fee

Based on

Performance ($mm)

Stephen L. Nesbitt Other Accounts [_] [____] 0 0

 

(1) As of [ , 2018].

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

The Investment Manager, Sub-Advisers and Portfolio Managers may manage multiple funds and/or other accounts, and as a result may be presented with one or more of the following actual or potential conflicts:

 

The management of multiple funds and/or other accounts may result in the Investment Manager, a Sub-Adviser or Portfolio Manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each fund and/or other account. The Investment Manager seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of a Portfolio Manager by having the Portfolio Manager focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a Portfolio Manager are managed using the same investment models that are used in connection with the management of the Fund.

 

9

 

If the Investment Manager, a Sub-Adviser or Portfolio Manager identifies a limited investment opportunity which may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, a fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible funds and other accounts. To deal with these situations, the Investment Manager and Sub-Advisers have adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across multiple accounts.

 

The Investment Manager and Sub-Advisers have adopted certain compliance procedures which are designed to address these types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.

 

Compensation of the Portfolio Managers

 

Cliffwater LLC

 

Stephen L. Nesbitt has ownership and financial interests in, and may receive compensation and/or variable profit distributions from, the Investment Manager based on the Investment Manager’s financial performance, such as its overall revenues and profitability. Mr. Nesbitt’s compensation is not tied to the Fund’s performance, except to the extent that the fee paid to the Investment Manager impacts the Investment Manager’s financial performance.

 

[ Sub-Adviser        ]

 

Portfolio Managers’ Ownership of Shares

 

Name of Portfolio Manager: Dollar Range of Shares Beneficially Owned by Portfolio Manager (1) :
   

 

(1) As of [Date of Prospectus], 2018.

 

BROKERAGE

 

In following the Fund’s investment strategy, the Investment Manager expects few of the Fund’s transactions to involve brokerage. To the extent the Fund’s transactions involve brokerage, the Fund does not expect to use one particular broker or dealer. It is the Fund’s policy to obtain the best results in connection with effecting its portfolio transactions, taking into account factors such as price, size of order, difficulty of execution and operational facilities of a brokerage firm and the firm’s risk in positioning a block of securities. Generally, equity securities are bought and sold through brokerage transactions for which commissions are payable. Purchases from underwriters will include the underwriting commission or concession, and purchases from dealers serving as market makers will include a dealer’s mark-up or reflect a dealer’s mark-down. Money market securities and other debt securities are usually bought and sold directly from the issuer or an underwriter or market maker for the securities. Generally, the Fund will not pay brokerage commissions for such purchases. When a debt security is bought from an underwriter, the purchase price will usually include an underwriting commission or concession. The purchase price for securities bought from dealers serving as market makers will similarly include the dealer’s mark up or reflect a dealer’s mark down. When the Fund executes transactions in the over-the-counter market, it will generally deal with primary market makers unless prices that are more favorable are otherwise obtainable.

 

10

 

In addition, the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser may place a combined order for two or more accounts it manages, including the Fund, that are engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security if, in its judgment, joint execution is in the best interest of each participant and will result in best price and execution. Transactions involving commingled orders are allocated in a manner deemed equitable to each account or fund. Although it is recognized that, in some cases, the joint execution of orders could adversely affect the price or volume of the security that a particular account or the Fund may obtain, it is the opinion of the Investment Manager that the advantages of combined orders outweigh the possible disadvantages of separate transactions. The Investment Manager believes that the ability of the Fund to participate in higher volume transactions will generally be beneficial to the Fund.

 

The Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser may pay a higher commission than otherwise obtainable from other brokers in return for brokerage or research services only if a good faith determination is made that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.

 

While it is the Fund’s general policy to seek to obtain the most favorable price and execution available in selecting a broker-dealer to execute portfolio transactions for the Fund, weight is also given to the ability of a broker-dealer to furnish brokerage and research services as defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to the Fund or to the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser, even if the specific services are not directly useful to the Fund and may be useful to the Investment Manager or the Sub-Adviser in advising other clients. When one or more brokers is believed capable of providing the best combination of price and execution, the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser may select a broker based upon brokerage or research services provided to the Investment Manager or the Sub-Adviser. In negotiating commissions with a broker or evaluating the spread to be paid to a dealer, the Fund may therefore pay a higher commission or spread than would be the case if no weight were given to the furnishing of these supplemental services, provided that the amount of such commission or spread has been determined in good faith by the Investment Manager or a Sub-Adviser to be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided by such broker-dealer. The standard of reasonableness is to be measured in light of the Investment Manager’s or a Sub-Adviser’s overall responsibilities to the Fund.

 

TAX MATTERS

 

The following is intended to be a general summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing, holding and disposing of Shares of the Fund. It is not intended to be a complete discussion of all such federal income tax consequences, nor does it purport to deal with all categories of investors. INVESTORS ARE THEREFORE ADVISED TO CONSULT WITH THEIR TAX ADVISORS BEFORE MAKING AN INVESTMENT IN THE FUND.

 

Set forth below is a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax issues concerning the Fund and the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares. This discussion does not purport to be complete or to deal with all aspects of federal income taxation that may be relevant to Shareholders in light of their particular circumstances. Unless otherwise noted, this discussion assumes you are a U.S. Shareholder and that you hold your Shares as a capital asset. This discussion is based upon present provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative ruling authorities, all of which are subject to change, which change may be retroactive. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisers with regard to the federal tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, or disposition of Shares, as well as the tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, foreign country, or other taxing jurisdiction.

 

11

 

The Fund intends to qualify annually as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under the Code. To qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally accorded to RICs, the Fund must, among other things, (a) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships; (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of its taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. Government securities, the securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities of any one issuer limited for the purposes of this calculation to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. Government securities or the securities of other RICs) of a single issuer, in the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships; and (c) distribute for each taxable year an amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and 90% of its net tax exempt interest income.

 

The Fund might not distribute all of its net investment income, and the Fund is not required to distribute any portion of its net capital gain. If the Fund qualifies for treatment as a RIC but does not distribute all of its net capital gain and net investment income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it may designate the retained amount of capital gain as undistributed capital gain in a notice to its Shareholders who, if subject to federal income tax on long-term capital gains, (i) will be required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their share of such undistributed amount; (ii) will be deemed to have paid their proportionate share of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount and will be entitled to credit that amount of tax against their federal income tax liabilities, if any; and (iii) will be entitled to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of Shares owned by a Shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income and the tax deemed paid by the Shareholder.

 

As a RIC, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code, but without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, that it distributes to Shareholders. The Fund intends to distribute to its Shareholders, at least annually, substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gain. Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax. To prevent imposition of the excise tax, the Fund must distribute during each calendar year an amount equal to the sum of (1) at least 98% of its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year, (2) at least 98.2% of its capital gains in excess of its capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the one-year period ending October 31 of the calendar year, and (3) any ordinary income and capital gains for previous years that were not distributed during those years. To prevent application of the excise tax, the Fund intends to make its distributions in accordance with the calendar year distribution requirement.

 

12

 

Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, any dividend declared by the Fund in October, November or December and payable to Shareholders of record in such a month that is paid during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as received by Shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which it was declared. In addition, certain other distributions made after the close of a taxable year of the Fund may be “spilled back” and treated for certain purposes as paid by the Fund during such taxable year. In such case, Shareholders generally will be treated as having received such dividends in the taxable year in which the distributions were actually made. For purposes of calculating the amount of a RIC’s undistributed income and gain subject to the 4% excise tax described above, such “spilled back” dividends are treated as paid by the RIC when they are actually paid.

 

If the Fund fails to satisfy the qualifying income or diversification requirements in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for certain relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. In order to be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the diversification requirements, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions are not available to the Fund and it fails to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, the Fund will be taxable at regular corporate tax rates (and, to the extent applicable, at corporate alternative minimum tax rates). In such an event, all distributions (including capital gain distributions) will be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, subject to the dividends-received deduction for corporate Shareholders and to the tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income distributed to non-corporate Shareholders. In such an event, distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Shares (reducing that basis accordingly), and any remaining distributions will be treated as a capital gain. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any year in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. In addition, if the Fund were to fail to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, it would generally be required to pay a Fund-level tax on certain net built-in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year.

 

The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund for treatment as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to Shareholders.

 

Distributions

 

Dividends paid out of the Fund’s net investment income generally will be taxable to a Shareholder as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Shares. The Fund may be able to report a portion of its income as “qualified dividend income,” however, which is taxable to non-corporate Shareholders at rates of up to 20%.

 

In general, dividends may be reported by the Fund as qualified dividend income if they are attributable to qualified dividend income received by the Fund. Qualified dividend income generally means dividend income received from investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the Shareholders.

 

13

 

A foreign corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation for this purpose if it is incorporated in a possession of the United States or it is eligible for the benefits of certain income tax treaties with the United States and meets certain additional requirements. Certain foreign corporations that are not otherwise qualified foreign corporations will be treated as qualified foreign corporations with respect to dividend paid by them if the stock with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Passive foreign investment companies are not qualified foreign investment companies for this purpose.

 

A dividend that is attributable to qualified dividend income of the Fund that is paid by the Fund to a Shareholder will not be taxable as qualified dividend income to such Shareholder (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of the Fund held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share became ex-dividend with respect to such dividend, (2) to the extent that the Shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, or (3) if the Shareholder elects to have the dividend treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest. The ex-dividend date is the date on which the owner of the share at the commencement of such date is entitled to receive the next issued dividend payment for such share even if the share is sold by the owner on that date or thereafter.

 

Distributions of net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, reported as capital gain dividends are generally taxable to a Shareholder as long-term capital gains regardless of how long the Shareholder has held Shares, at rates of up to 20% for non-corporate taxpayers. Distributions of short-term capital gain are taxable to Shareholders as ordinary income. Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of additional Shares, rather than cash, generally will have a cost basis in each such share equal to the greater of the net asset value or fair market value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. A distribution of an amount in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will first be treated by a Shareholder as a return of capital, which is applied against and reduces the Shareholder’s basis in his or her Shares. To the extent that the amount of any such distribution exceeds the Shareholder’s basis in his or her Shares, the excess will be treated by the Shareholder as gain from a sale or exchange of Shares.

 

Shareholders will be notified annually as to the U.S. federal tax status of distributions, and Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of additional Shares will receive a report as to the net asset value of those Shares.

 

A dividend or distribution received shortly after the purchase of Shares reduces the net asset value of the Shares by the amount of the dividend or distribution and, although in effect a return of capital will be taxable to the Shareholder. If the net asset value of Shares were reduced below the Shareholder's cost by dividends and distributions representing gains realized on sales of securities, such dividends and distributions, although also in effect returns of capital, would be taxable to the Shareholder in the same manner as other dividends or distributions.

 

Capital losses in excess of capital gains (“net capital losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against a RIC’s net investment income. Instead, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to offset capital gains in future years. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss from any taxable year that began on or before December 22, 2010 to offset its capital gains, if any, for up to eight years following the year of the loss. The Fund is permitted to carry forward indefinitely a net capital loss from any taxable year that began after December 22, 2010 to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the Fund and may not be distributed as capital gains to Shareholders. Carryforwards of losses from taxable years that began after December 22, 2010 must be fully utilized before the Fund may utilize carryforwards of losses from taxable years that began on or before December 22, 2010. Generally, the Fund may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may elect to treat certain losses as though they were incurred on the first day of the taxable year immediately following the taxable year in which they were actually incurred.

 

14

 

The Fund has no capital loss carryforwards because it has not yet commenced operations.

 

Sale or Exchange of Fund Shares

 

Sales and repurchases generally are taxable events for Shareholders that are subject to tax. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers with reference to their individual circumstances to determine whether any particular transaction in Shares is properly treated as a sale for tax purposes, as the following discussion assumes, and to ascertain the tax treatment of any gains or losses recognized in such transactions. In general, if Shares are sold, the Shareholder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale and the Shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Shares. Such gain or loss generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares were held for more than one year and otherwise generally will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss recognized by a Shareholder upon the sale, repurchase or other disposition of Shares with a tax holding period of six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the Shareholder of long-term capital gain with respect to such Shares (including any amounts credited to the Shareholder as undistributed capital gains).

 

Losses on sales or other dispositions of Shares may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules in the event of other investments in the fund (including investments made pursuant to reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the sale or other disposition of Shares or in the event the Shareholder enters into a contract or option to repurchase Shares within such period. In such a case, the disallowed portion of any loss generally would be included in the adjusted tax basis of the Shares acquired in the other investments.

 

Original Issue Discount Securities

 

Investments by the Fund in zero coupon or other discount securities will result in income to the Fund equal to a portion of the excess of the face value of the securities over their issue price (“original issue discount”) each year that the securities are held, even though the Fund may receive no cash interest payments or may receive cash interest payments that are less than the income recognized for tax purposes. This income is included in determining the amount of income, which the Fund must distribute to avoid the payment of federal income tax and the 4% excise tax. Because such income may not be matched by a corresponding cash payment to the Fund, the Fund may be required to borrow money or dispose of securities to be able to make distributions to its Shareholders.

 

15

 

Investments in Non-U.S. Securities

 

The Fund may invest in non-U.S. securities, which investments could subject the Fund to complex provisions of the Code applicable to equity interests in passive foreign investment companies (each, a “PFIC”). A PFIC is an equity interest (under Treasury regulations that may be promulgated in the future, generally including not only stock but also an option to acquire stock such as is inherent in a convertible bond) in certain foreign corporations (i) that receive at least 75% of their annual gross income from passive sources (such as interest, dividends, certain rents and royalties, or capital gains) or (ii) where at least 50% of the corporation’s assets (computed based on average fair market value) either produce or are held for the production of passive income. If the Fund invests in PFICs, the Fund could be subject to U.S. federal income tax and nondeductible interest charges on “excess distributions” received from such companies or on gain from the sale of stock in such companies, even if all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its Shareholders. The Fund would not be able to pass through to its Shareholders any credit or deduction for such a tax. A “qualified electing fund” election or a “mark-to-market” election may be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but such elections could require the Fund to recognize taxable income or gain (subject to the distribution requirements applicable to RICs, as described above) without the concurrent receipt of cash. In order to satisfy the distribution requirements and avoid a tax at the Fund level, the Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss to the Fund. Gains from the sale of stock of PFICs may also be treated as ordinary income. In order for the Fund to make a qualified electing fund election with respect to a PFIC, the PFIC would have to agree to provide certain tax information to the Fund on an annual basis, which it might not agree to do. The Fund may limit and/or manage its holdings in PFICs to limit its tax liability or maximize its returns from these investments.

 

Dividends received by the Fund on foreign securities may give rise to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. Shareholders of the Fund generally will not be entitled to a credit or deduction with respect to any such taxes paid by the Fund.

 

Gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or receivables or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, gains or losses on foreign currency forward contracts and the disposition of debt securities denominated in foreign currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss.

 

Backup Withholding

 

The Fund is required to withhold (as “backup withholding”) a portion of dividends and certain other payments paid to certain holders of Shares who do not to provide the Fund with their correct taxpayer identification number (or, in the case of individuals, their social security numbers) or to make required certifications, or who are otherwise subject to backup withholding. The withholding rate is 24%. Corporate Shareholders and certain other Shareholders specified in the Code generally are exempt from such backup withholding. This withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from payments made to a Shareholder may be refunded or credited against the Shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information and forms are timely furnished to the IRS.

 

16

 

Foreign Shareholders

 

U.S. taxation of a Shareholder who, as to the United States, is a nonresident alien individual, a foreign trust or estate, a foreign corporation or foreign partnership (“foreign shareholder”) generally depends on whether the income received from the Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by the Shareholder. In addition, unless certain foreign entities that hold Shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to Fund distributions and repurchase proceeds payable to such entities. A foreign shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the Shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

Other Tax Considerations

 

A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a Shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a “surviving spouse” for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain Shareholders that are estates and trusts. For these purposes, interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (among other categories of income) are generally taken into account in computing a Shareholder's net investment income.

 

Fund Shareholders may be subject to state, local and foreign taxes on their Fund distributions. Shareholders are advised to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund.

 

If a Shareholder recognizes a loss on a disposition of Shares of $2 million or more for an individual Shareholder, or $10 million or more for a corporate Shareholder, in any single taxable year (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the Shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct Shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. In addition, significant penalties may be imposed for the failure to comply with the reporting requirements. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

The foregoing discussion is a summary only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of Shares should consult their own tax advisers as to the tax consequences of investing in such Shares, including under state, local and other tax laws.

 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM; LEGAL COUNSEL

 

[ ] of [ ], has been selected as the independent registered public accountant for the Fund and in such capacity will audit the Fund’s annual financial statements and financial highlights.

 

17

 

Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996, serves as counsel to the Fund and the Independent Trustees.

 

CUSTODIAN

 

[ ] (the “Custodian”), serves as the primary custodian of the assets of the Fund, and may maintain custody of such assets with U.S. and non-U.S. subcustodians (which may be banks, trust companies, securities depositories and clearing agencies) in accordance with the requirements of Section 17(f) of the Investment Company Act. Assets of the Fund are not held by the Investment Manager or the Sub-Advisers, or commingled with the assets of other accounts other than to the extent that securities are held in the name of the Custodian or U.S. or non-U.S. subcustodians in a securities depository, clearing agency or omnibus customer account of such custodian. The Custodian’s principal business address is [ ].

 

DISTRIBUTOR

 

Foreside Fund Services, LLC, (the “Distributor”) is the distributor of Shares and is located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor acts as the agent of the Fund in connection with the continuous offering of Shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes Shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies of the Fund.

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

The Board has delegated responsibility for decisions regarding proxy voting for securities held by the Fund to the Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers. The Investment Manager and the Sub-Advisers will each vote such proxies in accordance with their respective proxy policies and procedures. Copies of the Investment Manager’s and [insert Sub-Adviser names] proxy policies and procedures are included as Appendix A to this SAI.

 

The Fund will be required to file Form N-PX, with its complete proxy voting record for the twelve months ended June 30, no later than August 31 of each year. The Fund’s Form N-PX filing will be available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling the Fund at [insert toll-free number] or (ii) by visiting the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

 

As of [Date of Prospectus], 2018, there were no record or beneficial owners of 5% or more of the Fund or any Share class.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Appendix B to this SAI provides financial information regarding the Fund. The Fund's financial statements have been audited by [ ].

 

18

 

APPENDIX A – PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

A- 1

 

APPENDIX B – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

B- 1

 

PART C:

OTHER INFORMATION

 

Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund (the “ Registrant ”)

Item 25. Financial Statements and Exhibits

 

(1) Financial Statements:

 

Not Applicable

 

(2) Exhibits

 

(a)(1) Agreement and Declaration of Trust is filed herewith.

 

(a)(2) Certificate of Trust is filed herewith.

 

(b) By-Laws are filed herewith.

 

(c) Not applicable.

 

(d) Refer to Exhibit (a)(1), (b)

 

(e) Not applicable.

 

(f) Not applicable.

 

(g) Form of Investment Management Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(h)(1) Form of Distribution Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(h)(2) Class A Distribution and Service Plan to be filed by amendment.

 

(h)(3) Class B Distribution and Service Plan to be filed by amendment.

 

(h)(4) Class I Distribution and Service Plan to be filed by amendment.

 

(i) Not applicable.

 

(j) Form of Custody Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(k)(1) Form of Administration, Fund Accounting and Recordkeeping Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(k)(2) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(k)(3) Joint Insured Bond Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(k)(4) Joint Liability Insurance Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

 

 

(l) Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP is filed herewith.

 

(m) Not applicable.

 

(n) Not applicable.

 

(o) Not applicable.

 

(p) Not applicable.

 

(q) Not applicable.

 

(r)(1) Code of Ethics of Registrant to be filed by amendment.

 

(r)(2) Code of Ethics of Cliffwater LLC is filed herewith.

 

Item 26. Marketing Arrangements

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 27. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution of Securities Being Registered

 

All figures are estimates:

 

Registration fees $75,000
Legal fees $140,000
Printing fees $2,500
Blue Sky fees $50,000
Transfer Agent fees $150,125
Total $417,625

 

Item 28. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control With Registrant

 

The Board of Directors of the Registrant is identical to the board of trustees and/or board of directors of certain other funds. Nonetheless, the Registrant takes the position that it is not under common control with the other funds since the power residing in the respective boards arises as a result of an official position with the respective funds.

 

Item 29. Number of Holders of Securities

 

Title of Class Number of Shareholders *
Shares 0
* As of March 1, 2018.

 

 

 

Item 30. Indemnification

 

Sections 8.1-8.4 of Article VIII of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust states:

 

Section 8.1 Limitation of Liability . Neither a Trustee nor an officer of the Trust, when acting in such capacity, shall be personally liable to any person other than the Trust or a beneficial owner for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust, any Trustee or any officer of the Trust. Neither a Trustee nor an officer of the Trust shall be liable for any act or omission in his capacity as Trustee or as an officer of the Trust, or for any act or omission of any other officer or any employee of the Trust or of any other person or party, provided that nothing contained herein or in the Act shall protect any Trustee or officer against any liability to the Trust or to Shareholders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee or the duties of such officer hereunder.

 

Section 8.2 Indemnification . The Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees, officers, and persons who serve at the Trust’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor, or otherwise, and may indemnify any trustee, director or officer of a predecessor organization (each a “Covered Person”), against all liabilities and expenses (including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise, as fines and penalties, and expenses including reasonable accountants’ and counsel fees) reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative, regulatory, or legislative body, in which he may be involved or with which he may be threatened, while as a Covered Person or thereafter, by reason of being or having been such a Covered Person, except that no Covered Person shall be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or its Shareholders to which such Covered Person would otherwise be subject by reason of bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office (such willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard being referred to herein as “Disabling Conduct”). Expenses, including accountants’ and counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), may be paid from time to time by the Trust in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of (a) an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article VIII and (b) any of (i) such Covered Person provides security for such undertaking, (ii) the Trust is insured against losses arising by reason of such payment, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of disinterested, non-party Trustees, or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, determines, based on a review of readily available facts, that there is reason to believe that such Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

 

 

 

Section 8.3 Indemnification Determinations. Indemnification of a Covered Person pursuant to Section 8.2 shall be made if (a) the court or body before whom the proceeding is brought determines, in a final decision on the merits, that such Covered Person was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct or (b) in the absence of such a determination, a majority of a quorum of disinterested, non-party Trustees or independent legal counsel in a written opinion make a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that such Covered Person was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct.

 

Section 8.4 Indemnification Not Exclusive. The right of indemnification provided by this Article VIII shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any such Covered Person may be entitled. As used in this Article VIII, “Covered Person” shall include such person’s heirs, executors and administrators, and a “disinterested, non-party Trustee” is a Trustee who is neither an Interested Person of the Trust nor a party to the proceeding in question.

 

Section 8.5 Shareholders. Each Shareholder of the Trust and each Class shall not be personally liable for the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by, contracted for, or otherwise existing with respect to, the Trust or by or on behalf of any Class. The Trustees shall have no power to bind any Shareholder personally or to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time personally agree to pay pursuant to terms hereof or by way of subscription for any Shares or otherwise.

 

In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder of any Class shall be held to be personally liable solely by reason of his being or having been a Shareholder of such Class and not because of his acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives, or, in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled out of the assets belonging to the applicable Class to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability. The Trust, on behalf of the affected Class, shall, upon request by the Shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against the Shareholder for any act or obligation of the Class and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets of the Class. The indemnification and reimbursement required by the preceding sentence shall be made only out of assets of the one or more Classes whose Shares were held by said Shareholder at the time the act or event occurred that gave rise to the claim against or liability of said Shareholder. The rights accruing to a Shareholder under this Section shall not impair any other right to which such Shareholder may be lawfully entitled, nor shall anything herein contained restrict the right of the Trust or any Class thereof to indemnify or reimburse a Shareholder in any appropriate situation even though not specifically provided herein.

 

 

 

Additionally, the Registrant’s various agreements with its service providers contain indemnification provisions.

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser

 

Information as to the directors and officers of the Registrant’s investment adviser, Cliffwater LLC (the “Investment Manager”), together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature in which the Investment Manager, and each director, executive officer, managing member or partner of the Investment Manager, is or has been, at any time during the past two fiscal years, engaged in for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, managing member, partner or trustee, is included in its Form ADV as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 32. Location of Accounts and Records

 

All accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules promulgated thereunder are maintained at the offices of (1) the Registrant’s Administrator, (2) the Investment Manager, and/or (3) the Registrant’s counsel. The address of each is as follows:

 

1.

UMB Fund Services, Inc.
235 West Galena Street

Milwaukee, WI 53212

 

2. Cliffwater LLC

4640 Admiralty Way, 11 th Floor

Marina del Rey, CA 90292

 

3. Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP
One Logan Square, Ste. 2000
Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Item 33. Management Services

 

Not applicable.

 

 

 

Item 34. Undertakings

 

1. Registrant undertakes to suspend the offering of its shares until it amends its prospectus if (1) subsequent to the effective date of its Registration Statement, the net asset value declines more than 10 percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the Registration Statement, or (2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.

 

2. Not applicable.

 

3. Not applicable.

 

4. The Registrant undertakes (a) to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:

 

(1) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

 

(2) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; and

 

(3) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

 

(b) that for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;

 

(c) to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;

 

(d) that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C; each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 497(b), (c), (d) or (e) under the Securities Act of 1933, shall be deemed to be part of and included in this Registration Statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in this Registration Statement or prospectus that is part of this registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into this registration statement or prospectus that is part of this registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supercede or modify any statement that was made in this registration statement or prospectus that was part of this registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use;

 

(e) that for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities:

 

 

 

The undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:

 

(1) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 497 under the Securities Act of 1933;

 

(2)  the portion of any advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act of 1933 relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and

 

(3) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.

 

5. Not applicable.

 

6.  The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any Statement of Additional Information.

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Chadds Ford in the State of Pennsylvania on the 30th day of March, 2018.

 

  Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund  
       
  By: /s/ Anthony J. Fischer  
    Name: Anthony J. Fischer  
    Title: Trustee  

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following person in the capacity and on the date indicated.

 

/s/ Anthony J. Fischer Trustee March 30, 2018
     

 

 

 

Exhibit Index

 

(a)(1) Agreement and Declaration of Trust
(a)(2) Certificate of Trust
(b) By-Laws
(1) Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP
(r)(2) Code of Ethics of Cliffwater LLC

CLIFFWATER DIRECT LENDING FUND
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

 

Dated: March 21, 2018

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
article I NAME AND DEFINITIONS 1
  Section 1.1 Name 1
  Section 1.2 Definitions 1
article II BENEFICIAL INTEREST 2
  Section 2.1 Shares of Beneficial Interest 2
  Section 2.2 Issuance of Shares 2
  Section 2.3 Register of Shares and Share Certificates 3
  Section 2.4 Transfer of Shares 3
  Section 2.5 Treasury Shares 3
  Section 2.6 Establishment of Classes 4
  Section 2.7 Investment in the Trust 4
  Section 2.8 No Preemptive Rights 4
  Section 2.9 Conversion Rights 4
  Section 2.10 Legal Proceedings 5
  Section 2.11 Status of Shares 6
article III THE TRUSTEES 6
  Section 3.1 Management of the Trust 6
  Section 3.2 Term of Office of Trustees 7
  Section 3.3 Vacancies and Appointment of Trustees 7
  Section 3.4 Temporary Absence of Trustee 7
  Section 3.5 Number of Trustees 8
  Section 3.6 Effect of Death, Resignation, Etc. of a Trustee 8
  Section 3.7 Ownership of Assets of the Trust 8
  Section 3.8 No Accounting 8
article IV POWERS OF THE TRUSTEES 8
  Section 4.1 Powers 8
  Section 4.2 Issuance and Repurchase of Shares 12
  Section 4.3 Trustees and Officers as Shareholders 12
  Section 4.4 Action by the Trustees and Committees 12
  Section 4.5 Chairman of the Trustees 13
  Section 4.6 Principal Transactions 13
article V INVESTMENT ADVISER, INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISER, PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER, ADMINISTRATOR, TRANSFER AGENT, CUSTODIAN AND OTHER CONTRACTORS 13
  Section 5.1 Certain Contracts 13
article VI SHAREHOLDER VOTING POWERS AND MEETINGS 15
  Section 6.1   Voting 15

 

i

 

  Section 6.2   Meetings 16
  Section 6.3   Quorum and Required Vote 16
  Section 6.4 Action by Written Consent 16
article VII DISTRIBUTIONS AND REPURCHASES 17
  Section 7.1 Distributions 17
  Section 7.2   Transfer of Shares 17
  Section 7.3   Repurchases 18
  Section 7.4   Redemptions at the Option of the Trust 18
  Section 7.5 Suspension of the Right of Repurchase 19
  Section 7.6   Redemption of Shares to Qualify as a Regulated Investment Company 19
  Section 7.7   Net Asset Value 19
article VIII LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION 19
  Section 8.1 Limitation of Liability 19
  Section 8.2   Indemnification 20
  Section 8.3   Indemnification Determinations 20
  Section 8.4   Indemnification Not Exclusive 20
  Section 8.5   Shareholders 20
article IX MISCELLANEOUS 21
  Section 9.1   Trust Not a Partnership 21
  Section 9.2   Trustees’ Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety 21
  Section 9.3   Establishment of Record Dates 22
  Section 9.4   Dissolution and Termination of Trust 22
  Section 9.5   Merger, Consolidation, Incorporation 23
  Section 9.6   Filing of Copies, References, Headings 23
  Section 9.7   Applicable Law 24
  Section 9.8   Amendments 24
  Section 9.9   Fiscal Year 25
  Section 9.10   Provisions in Conflict with Law 25
  Section 9.11   Allocation of Certain Expenses 25
  Section 9.12   Delivery by Electronic Transmission or Otherwise 25

 

ii

 

CLIFFWATER DIRECT LENDING FUND
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

 

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST of Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund, a Delaware statutory trust, made as of March 21, 2018 by the undersigned Trustee.

 

WHEREAS, the undersigned Trustee desires to establish a trust for the investment and reinvestment of funds contributed thereto;

 

WHEREAS, the Trustee desires that the beneficial interest in the trust assets be divided into transferable shares of beneficial interest, as hereinafter provided;

 

WHEREAS, the Trustee declares that all money and property contributed to the trust established hereunder shall be held and managed in trust for the benefit of the holders of the shares of beneficial interest issued hereunder and subject to the provisions hereof;

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, the undersigned Trustee hereby declares that all money and property contributed to the trust hereunder shall be held and managed in trust under this Agreement and Declaration of Trust (“Trust Instrument”) as herein set forth below.

 

article I

 

NAME AND DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.1 Name . The name of the trust established hereby is “Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund”.

 

Section 1.2 Definitions . Wherever used herein, unless otherwise required by the context or specifically provided:

 

(a) “Act” means the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del. C. §§ 3801 et seq ., as from time to time amended;

 

(b) “By-laws” means the By-laws referred to in Section 4.1(e) hereof, as from time to time amended;

 

(c) The terms “Affiliated Person,” “Assignment,” “Commission,” “Interested Person” and “Principal Underwriter” shall have the meanings given them in the 1940 Act. “Majority Shareholder Vote” shall have the same meaning as the term “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” is given in the 1940 Act;

 

(d) “Class” means any division of Shares of the Trust, which Class is or has been established in accordance with the provisions of Article II hereof;

 

(e) “Net Asset Value” means the net asset value of each Class of the Trust determined in the manner provided in Section 7.7 hereof;

 

 

 

(f) “Outstanding Shares” means those Shares recorded from time to time in the books of the Trust or its transfer agent as then issued and outstanding, but shall not include Shares which have been redeemed or repurchased by the Trust and which are at the time held in the treasury of the Trust;

 

(g) “Shareholder” means a record owner of Outstanding Shares of the Trust;

 

(h) “Shares” means the transferable units of beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest of the Trust or Class thereof shall be divided and may include fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares;

 

(i) “Trust” refers to Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund;

 

(j) “Trustee” or “Trustees” means the person or persons who has or have signed this Trust Instrument, so long as such person or persons shall continue in office in accordance with the terms hereof, and all other persons who may from time to time be duly qualified and serving as Trustees in accordance with the provisions of Article III hereof, and reference herein to a Trustee or to the Trustees shall refer to the individual Trustees in their capacity as Trustees hereunder;

 

(k) “Trust Property” means any and all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, which is owned or held by or for the account of the Trust, or the Trustees on behalf of the Trust;

 

(l) “Valuation Date” means the date on which the value of Shares being repurchased will be determined by the Trustees in their sole discretion;

 

(m) The “1940 Act” refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder and exemptions granted therefrom, all as may be amended from time to time.

 

article II

 

BENEFICIAL INTEREST

 

Section 2.1 Shares of Beneficial Interest . The beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided into such transferable Shares of one or more separate and distinct Classes as the Trustees shall from time to time create and establish. The number of Shares of each Class authorized hereunder is unlimited. Each Share shall have a par value of $0.001, unless otherwise determined by the Trustees in connection with the creation and establishment of a Class. All Shares issued hereunder, including without limitation, Shares issued in connection with a dividend in Shares or a split or reverse split of Shares, shall be fully paid and non-assessable.

 

Section 2.2 Issuance of Shares . The Trustees in their discretion may, from time to time, without vote of the Shareholders, issue Shares of each Class to such party or parties and for such amount and type of consideration (or for no consideration if pursuant to a Share dividend or split-up), subject to applicable law, including cash or securities (including Shares of a different Class), at such time or times and on such terms as the Trustees may deem appropriate, and may in such manner acquire other assets (including the acquisitions of assets subject to, and in connection with, the assumption of liabilities) and businesses. In connection with any issuance of Shares, the Trustees may issue fractional Shares and Shares held in the treasury. The Trustees may from time to time divide or combine the Shares into a greater or lesser number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interests in the Trust. The Trustees may classify and reclassify any unissued Shares or any Shares previously issued and reacquired of any Class into one or more Classes that may be established and designated from time to time.

 

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Any Trustee, officer or other agent of the Trust, and any organization in which any such person is interested, may acquire, own, hold and dispose of Shares of any Class of the Trust to the same extent as if such person were not a Trustee, officer or other agent of the Trust; and the Trust may issue and sell or cause to be issued and sold and may repurchase Shares of any Class from any such person or any such organization subject only to the general limitations, restrictions or other provisions applicable to the sale or purchase of Shares of such Class generally.

 

Section 2.3 Register of Shares and Share Certificates . A register shall be kept at the principal office of the Trust or an office of the Trust’s transfer agent which shall contain the names and addresses of the Shareholders of each Class, the number of Shares of that Class held by each of them respectively and a record of all transfers thereof. As to Shares for which no certificate has been issued, such register shall be conclusive as to who are the holders of the Shares and who shall be entitled to receive dividends or other distributions or otherwise to exercise or enjoy the rights of Shareholders. No Shareholder shall be entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution, nor to have notice given to him as herein or in the By-laws provided, until he has given his address to the transfer agent or such other officer or agent of the Trust as shall keep the said register for entry thereon. The Trustees, in their discretion, may authorize the issuance of share certificates and promulgate appropriate rules and regulations as to their use. In the event that one or more certificates are issued, whether in the name of a Shareholder or a nominee, such certificate or certificates shall constitute evidence of ownership of Shares for all purposes, including transfer, assignment or sale of such Shares, subject to such limitations as the Trustees may, in their discretion, prescribe.

 

Section 2.4 Transfer of Shares . Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees, Shares shall be transferable on the records of the Trust only in accordance with Section 7.2 herein and only by the record holder thereof or by his agent thereunto duly authorized in writing, upon delivery to the Trustees or the Trust’s transfer agent of a duly executed instrument of transfer, together with a Share certificate, if one is outstanding, and such evidence of the genuineness of each such execution and authorization and of such other matters as may be required by the Trustees. Upon such delivery the transfer shall be recorded on the register of the Trust. Until such record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be the holder of such Shares for all purposes hereunder and neither the Trustees nor the Trust, nor any transfer agent or registrar nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be affected by any notice of the proposed transfer.

 

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Section 2.5 Treasury Shares . Shares held in the treasury shall, until reissued pursuant to Section 2.2 hereof, not confer any voting rights on the Trustees, nor shall such Shares be entitled to any dividends or other distributions declared with respect to the Shares.

 

Section 2.6 Establishment of Classes . The Trustees may from time to time authorize the division of Shares of the Trust into one or more Classes. Separate and distinct records shall be maintained by the Trust for each Class. The Trustees shall have full power and authority, in their sole discretion, and without obtaining any prior authorization or vote of Shareholders of any Class, to establish and designate and to change in any manner any initial or additional Classes and to fix such preferences, voting powers, rights and privileges of such Classes as the Trustees may from time to time determine, to divide or combine the Shares or any Classes into a greater or lesser number, to classify or reclassify any issued Shares or any Classes into one or more Classes, and to take such other action with respect to the Shares as the Trustees may deem desirable.

 

Unless another time is specified by the Trustees, the establishment and designation of any Class shall be effective upon the adoption of a resolution by the Trustees setting forth such establishment and designation and the preferences, powers, rights and privileges of the Shares of such Class, whether directly in such resolution or by reference to, or approval of, another document that sets forth such relative rights and preferences of such Class including, without limitation, any registration statement of the Trust, or as otherwise provided in such resolution. The Trust may issue any number of Shares of each Class and need not issue certificates for any Shares.

 

All references to Shares in this Trust Instrument shall be deemed to be Shares of any or all Classes as the context may require. All provisions herein relating to the Trust shall apply equally to each Class of the Trust except as the context otherwise requires.

 

All Shares of each Class shall represent an equal proportionate interest in the assets belonging to the Trust (subject to the liabilities belonging to that Class), and each Share of any Class shall be equal to each other Share of that Class; but the provisions of this sentence shall not restrict any distinctions permissible under this Section 2.6.

 

Section 2.7 Investment in the Trust . The Trustees shall accept investments in any Class from such persons and on such terms as they may from time to time authorize. At the Trustees’ discretion, such investments, subject to applicable law, may be in the form of cash or securities in which the Trust is authorized to invest, valued as provided in Section 7.7 hereof. Unless the Trustees otherwise determine, investments shall be credited to each Shareholder’s account in the form of full Shares at the Net Asset Value per Share next determined after the investment is received. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Trustees may, in their sole discretion, (a) fix the Net Asset Value per Share of the initial capital contribution, (b) impose sales or other charges upon investments in the Trust or (c) issue fractional Shares.

 

Section 2.8 No Preemptive Rights . Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other similar rights to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust or the Trustees, whether of the same or another Class.

 

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Section 2.9 Conversion Rights . The Trustees shall have the authority to provide from time to time that the holders of Shares of any Class shall have the right to convert or exchange said Shares for or into Shares of one or more other Classes in accordance with such requirements and procedures as may be established from time to time by the Trustees.

 

Section 2.10 Legal Proceedings . No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder of the Trust or of a particular Class shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of or with respect to the Trust or such Class. Further, each complaining Shareholder must have been a Shareholder of the Trust or the affected Class, as applicable, at the time of the action or failure to act complained of, or acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a Shareholder at that time and each complaining Shareholder must be a Shareholder of the Trust or the affected Class, as applicable, as of the time the written demand is made upon the Trustees. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action with respect to the Trust or any Class of the Trust unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares of the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares of the Class to which such action relates, join in the bringing of such action. All matters relating to the bringing of derivative actions in the right of the Trust shall be governed by this Section 2.10 and Section 3816 of the Act.

 

In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust or any Class of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit written demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (b) unless a demand is not required under clause (a) of this paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim; and the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisers in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 2.10, the Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue. If the demand for derivative action has been considered by the Board of Trustees, and a majority of those Trustees who are not deemed to be Interested Persons of the Trust, after considering the merits of the claim, has determined that maintaining a suit would not be in the best interests of the Trust or the affected Class, as applicable, the complaining Shareholders shall be barred from commencing the derivative action. If upon such consideration the appropriate members of the Board of Trustees determine that such a suit should be maintained, then the appropriate officers of the Trust shall commence initiation of that suit and such suit shall proceed directly rather than derivatively. The Board of Trustees, or the appropriate officers of the Trust, shall inform the complaining Shareholders of any decision reached under this paragraph in writing within ten business days of such decision having been reached.

 

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For purposes of this Section 2.10, a written demand upon the Trustees must include at least the following: (a) a detailed description of the action or failure to act complained of and the facts upon which each such allegation is made; (b) a statement to the effect that the complaining Shareholder(s) believe that they will fairly and adequately represent the interests of similarly situated Shareholders in enforcing the right of the Trust or the affected Class, as applicable, and an explanation of why the complaining Shareholders believe that to be the case; (c) a certification that each complaining Shareholder was a Shareholder of the Trust or the affected Class, as applicable, at the time of the action or failure to act complained of, or acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a Shareholder at that time and each complaining Shareholder was a Shareholder of the Trust or the affected Class, as applicable, as of the time the written demand upon the Trustees, as well as information reasonably designed to allow the Trustees to verify that certification; and (d) a certification that each complaining Shareholder will be a Shareholder of the Trust or the affected Class, as applicable, as of the commencement of the derivative action.

 

Section 2.11 Status of Shares . Shares shall be deemed to be personal property giving only the rights provided in this Trust Instrument. Every Shareholder by virtue of having become a Shareholder shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms hereof. The death of a Shareholder during the continuance of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the Trust nor entitle the representative of any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but only to the rights of said decedent under this Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle the Shareholder to any title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust property or right to call for a partition or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders partners.

 

article III

 

THE TRUSTEES

 

Section 3.1 Management of the Trust . The Trustees shall have exclusive and absolute control over the Trust Property and over the business of the Trust to the same extent as if the Trustees were the sole owners of the Trust Property and business in their own right, but with such powers of delegation as may be permitted by this Trust Instrument. The Trustees shall have power to conduct the business of the Trust and carry on its operations in any and all of its branches and maintain offices both within and without the State of Delaware, in any and all states of the United States of America, in the District of Columbia, in any and all commonwealths, territories, dependencies, colonies, or possessions of the United States of America, and in any foreign jurisdiction and to do all such other things and execute all such instruments as they deem necessary, proper or desirable in order to promote the interests of the Trust although such things are not herein specifically mentioned. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the provisions of this Trust Instrument, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Trustees.

 

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The enumeration of any specific power in this Trust Instrument shall not be construed as limiting the aforesaid power. The powers of the Trustees may be exercised without order of or resort to any court.

 

Except for the Trustees named herein or appointed to fill vacancies pursuant to Section 3.3 hereof, the Trustees shall be elected by the Shareholders owning of record a plurality of the Shares voting at a meeting of Shareholders. The initial Trustee of the Trust shall be Anthony Fischer.

 

Section 3.2 Term of Office of Trustees . Subject to any limitations on the term of service imposed by the By-laws or any retirement policy adopted by the Trustees, each Trustee shall hold office during the existence of this Trust, and until its termination as herein provided; except: (a) that any Trustee may resign his trust by written instrument signed by him and delivered to the Chairman, President, Secretary, or other Trustee of the Trust, which shall take effect upon such delivery or upon such later date as is specified therein; (b) that any Trustee may be removed, with or without cause, at any time by written instrument, signed by a majority of the Trustees prior to such removal, specifying the date when such removal shall become effective; (c) that any Trustee who requests in writing to be retired or who has died, become physically or mentally incapacitated by reason of disease or otherwise, or is otherwise unable to serve, may be retired by written instrument signed by a majority of the other Trustees, specifying the date of his retirement; and (d) that a Trustee may be removed, with or without cause, at any meeting of the Shareholders of the Trust by a vote of Shareholders owning at least two-thirds of the outstanding Shares of the Trust.

 

Section 3.3 Vacancies and Appointment of Trustees . In the case of the declination to serve, death, resignation, retirement, removal, physical or mental incapacity by reason of disease or otherwise of a Trustee, or a Trustee is otherwise unable to serve, or an increase in the number of Trustees, a vacancy shall occur. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is filled, the other Trustees shall have all the powers hereunder and the certificate of the other Trustees of such vacancy shall be conclusive. In the case of an existing vacancy, the remaining Trustee or Trustees shall fill such vacancy by appointing such other person as such Trustee or Trustees in their discretion shall see fit consistent with the limitations under the 1940 Act, unless such Trustee or Trustees determine, in accordance with Section 3.5, to decrease the size of the Board to the number of remaining Trustees.

 

An appointment of a Trustee may be made by the Trustees then in office in anticipation of a vacancy to occur by reason of retirement, resignation or increase in number of Trustees effective at a later date, provided that said appointment shall become effective only at or after the effective date of said retirement, resignation or increase in number of Trustees.

 

An appointment of a Trustee shall be effective upon the acceptance of the person so appointed to serve as Trustee, except that any such appointment in anticipation of a vacancy shall become effective at or after the date such vacancy occurs.

 

Section 3.4 Temporary Absence of Trustee . Any Trustee may, by power of attorney, delegate his power for a period not exceeding six months at any one time to any other Trustee or Trustees, provided that in no case shall less than two Trustees personally exercise the other powers hereunder except as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless there is only one or two Trustees.

 

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Section 3.5 Number of Trustees . The number of Trustees shall be one, or such other number as shall be fixed from time to time by the Trustees.

 

Section 3.6 Effect of Death, Resignation, Etc. of a Trustee . The declination to serve, death, resignation, retirement, removal, incapacity, or inability of the Trustees, or any one of them, shall not operate to terminate the Trust or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Trust Instrument.

 

Section 3.7 Ownership of Assets of the Trust . Legal title in and beneficial ownership of all of the assets of the Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trust, except that the Trustees may cause legal title in and beneficial ownership of any Trust Property to be held by, or in the name of one or more of the Trustees acting for and on behalf of the Trust, or in the name of any person as nominee acting for and on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder shall be deemed to have a severable ownership interest in any individual asset of the Trust, or any right of partition or possession thereof, but each Shareholder shall have, except as otherwise provided for herein, a proportionate undivided beneficial interest in the Trust. The Shares shall be personal property giving only the rights specifically set forth in this Trust Instrument. The Trust, or at the determination of the Trustees, one or more of the Trustees or a nominee acting for and on behalf of the Trust, shall be deemed to hold legal title and beneficial ownership of any income earned on securities of the Trust issued by any business entities formed, organized, or existing under the laws of any jurisdiction, including the laws of any foreign country.

 

Section 3.8 No Accounting . Except to the extent required by the 1940 Act or, if determined to be necessary or appropriate by the other Trustees under circumstances which would justify his or her removal for cause, no person ceasing to be a Trustee for reasons including, but not limited to, death, resignation, retirement, removal or incapacity (nor the estate of any such person) shall be required to make an accounting to the Shareholders or remaining Trustees upon such cessation.

 

article IV

 

POWERS OF THE TRUSTEES

 

Section 4.1 Powers . The Trustees in all instances shall act as principals, and are and shall be free from the control of the Shareholders. The Trustees shall have full power and authority to do any and all acts and to make and execute any and all contracts and instruments that they may consider necessary or appropriate in connection with the management of the Trust. The Trustees shall have full authority and power to make any and all investments which they, in their sole discretion, shall deem proper to accomplish the purpose of this Trust. Subject to any applicable limitation in this Trust Instrument, the Trustees shall have power and authority:

 

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(a) To invest and reinvest cash and other property, and to hold cash or other property uninvested, and to sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, write options on and lease any or all of the assets of the Trust;

 

(b) To operate as and carry on the business of an investment company, and exercise all the powers necessary and appropriate to the conduct of such operations, including the power to invest all or any part of its assets in the securities of another investment company;

 

(c) To borrow money and in this connection issue notes or other evidence of indebtedness; to secure borrowings by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise subjecting as security the Trust Property; to endorse, guarantee, or undertake the performance of an obligation, liability or engagement of any person and to lend Trust Property;

 

(d) To provide for the distribution of interests of the Trust either through a Principal Underwriter in the manner hereinafter provided for or by the Trust itself, or both, or otherwise pursuant to a plan of distribution of any kind;

 

(e) To adopt By-laws not inconsistent with this Trust Instrument providing for the conduct of the business of the Trust and to amend and repeal them to the extent that they do not reserve that right to the Shareholders, which By-laws shall be deemed a part of this Trust Instrument and are incorporated herein by reference;

 

(f) To elect and remove such officers and appoint and terminate such agents and contractors as they consider appropriate, any of whom may be a Trustee, and may provide for the compensation of all of the foregoing;

 

(g) To establish separate Classes having such relative rights, powers and duties as they may provide, consistent with applicable law;

 

(h) To employ one or more banks, trust companies or companies that are members of a national securities exchange or such other entities as custodians of any assets of the Trust, subject to the 1940 Act and to any conditions set forth in this Trust Instrument;

 

(i) To retain one or more transfer agents and shareholder servicing agents, or both;

 

(j) To set record dates in the manner provided herein or in the By-laws;

 

(k) To delegate such authority (which delegation may include the power to subdelegate) as they consider desirable to any officers of the Trust and to any investment adviser, manager, administrator, custodian, underwriter or other agent or independent contractor;

 

(l) To join with other holders of any securities or debt instruments in acting through a committee, depository, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit any security or debt instrument with, or transfer any security or debt instrument to, any such committee, depository or trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority with relation to any security or debt instrument (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the Trustees shall deem proper and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the expenses and compensation of such committee, depository or trustee as the Trustees shall deem proper;

 

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(m) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and any other combinations or associations;

 

(n) To pay pensions for faithful service, as deemed appropriate by the Trustees, and to adopt, establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing, share bonus, share purchase, savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans, trusts and provisions, including the purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as a means of providing such retirement and other benefits, for any or all of the Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust;

 

(o) To the extent permitted by law, indemnify any person with whom the Trust has dealings;

 

(p) To engage in and to prosecute, defend, compromise, abandon, or adjust by arbitration, or otherwise, any actions, suits, proceedings, disputes, claims and demands relating to the Trust, and out of the assets of the Trust to pay or to satisfy any debts, claims or expenses incurred in connection therewith, including those of litigation, and such power shall include without limitation the power of the Trustees or any appropriate committee thereof, in the exercise of their or its good faith business judgment, to dismiss any action, suit, proceeding, dispute, claim or demand, derivative or otherwise, brought by any person, including a Shareholder in its own name or the name of the Trust, whether or not the Trust or any of the Trustees may be named individually therein or the subject matter arises by reason of business for or on behalf of the Trust;

 

(q) To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust Property such insurance as they may deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct of the business of the Trust, including, without limitation, insurance policies insuring the Trust Property and payment of distributions and principal on its investments, and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, representatives, employees, agents, investment advisers, managers, administrators, custodians, underwriters, or independent contractors of the Trust individually against all claims and liabilities of every nature arising by reason of holding, being or having held any such office or position, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such person in such capacity, including any action taken or omitted that may be determined to constitute negligence, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability;

 

(r) To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, write options on and lease any or all of the assets of the Trust, subject to the provisions of Section 9.4(b) hereof;

 

(s) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with respect to stock or other securities, debt instruments or property; and to execute and deliver powers of attorney to such person or persons as the Trustees shall deem proper, granting to such person or persons such power and discretion with relation to securities, debt instruments or property as the Trustees shall deem proper;

 

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(t) To exercise powers and rights of subscription or otherwise which in any manner arise out of ownership of securities or debt instruments;

 

(u) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating any trust, whether in bearer, book entry, unregistered or other negotiable form; or either in the name of the Trustees or of the Trust or in the name of a custodian, subcustodian or other depository or a nominee or nominees or otherwise;

 

(v) To consent to or participate in any plan for the reorganization, consolidation or merger of any corporation, issuer or concern, any security or debt instrument of which is held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase or sale of property by such corporation, issuer or concern, and to pay calls or subscriptions with respect to any security or debt instrument held in the Trust;

 

(w) To litigate, compromise, arbitrate, or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or against the Trust or any matter in controversy including, but not limited to, claims for taxes;

 

(x) To make distributions of income and of capital gains to Shareholders in the manner herein provided;

 

(y) To establish, from time to time, a minimum investment for Shareholders in the Trust or in one or more Classes thereof, and to require the repurchase of the Shares of any Shareholders whose investment is less than such minimum upon giving notice to such Shareholder;

 

(z) To cause each Shareholder, or each Shareholder of any particular Class, to pay directly, in advance or arrears, for charges of the Trust’s custodian or transfer, shareholder servicing or similar agent, an amount fixed from time to time by the Trustees, by setting off such charges due from such Shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number of Shares in the account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional Shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such Shareholder;

 

(aa) To establish one or more committees comprised of one or more of the Trustees, and to delegate any of the powers of the Trustees to said committees;

 

(bb) To interpret the investment policies, practices or limitations of the Trust

 

(cc) To establish a registered office and have a registered agent in the State of Delaware;

 

(dd) To compensate or provide for the compensation of the Trustees, officers, advisers, administrators, custodians, other agents, consultants, contractors and employees of the Trust or the Trustees on such terms as they deem appropriate;

 

(ee) To invest part or all of the Trust Property, or to dispose of part or all of the Trust Property and invest the proceeds of such disposition, in interests issued by one or more other investment companies or pooled portfolios (including investment by means of transfer of part or all of the Trust Property in exchange for an interest or interests in such one or more investment companies or pooled portfolios) all without any requirement of approval by Shareholders. Any such other investment company or pooled portfolio may (but need not) be a trust (formed under the laws of any state or jurisdiction) which is classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes; and

 

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(ff) In general, to carry on any other business in connection with or incidental to any of the foregoing powers, to do everything necessary, suitable or proper for the accomplishment of any purpose or the attainment of any object or the furtherance of any power herein set forth, either alone or in association with others, and to do every other act or thing incidental or appurtenant to or growing out of or connected with the aforesaid business or purposes, objects or powers.

 

The foregoing clauses shall be construed both as objects and powers, and the foregoing enumeration of specific powers shall not be held to limit or restrict in any manner the general powers of the Trustees. Any action by one or more of the Trustees in their capacity as such hereunder shall be deemed an action on behalf of the Trust, and not an action in an individual capacity.

 

No one dealing with the Trustees shall be under any obligation to make any inquiry concerning the authority of the Trustees, or to see to the application of any payments made or property transferred to the Trustees or upon their order.

 

Section 4.2 Issuance and Repurchase of Shares . The Trustees shall have the power to issue, sell, repurchase, redeem, retire, cancel, acquire, hold, resell, reissue, dispose of, exchange, and otherwise deal in Shares; to suspend or terminate the sales of Shares of any Class for any period of time; to establish terms and conditions, including any fees or expenses, regarding the issuance, sale, repurchase, redemption, cancellation, retirement, acquisition, holding, resale, reissuance, disposition or exchange of or dealing in Shares of any Class; and subject to the provisions set forth in Article II and Article VII, to apply to any such repurchase, retirement, cancellation or acquisition of Shares any funds or property of the Trust, or a particular Class of the Trust, with respect to which such Shares are issued.

 

Section 4.3 Trustees and Officers as Shareholders . Any Trustee, officer or other agent of the Trust may acquire, own and dispose of Shares to the same extent as if such person were not a Trustee, officer or agent; and the Trustees may issue and sell or cause to be issued and sold Shares to and buy such Shares from any such person or any firm or company in which such person invested, subject to the general limitations herein contained as to the sale and purchase of such Shares.

 

Section 4.4 Action by the Trustees and Committees . The Trustees (and any committee thereof) may act at a meeting held in person or in whole or in part by conference telecommunications equipment. One-third, but not less than two, of the Trustees shall constitute a quorum at any meeting unless there is only one Trustee. Except as the Trustees may otherwise determine, one-third of the members of any committee shall constitute a quorum at any meeting. The vote of a majority of the Trustees (or committee members) present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Trustees (or any committee thereof). The Trustees (and any committee thereof) may also act by written consent signed by a majority of the Trustees (or committee members). Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held at such places and at such times as the Trustees may from time to time determine. Special meetings of the Trustees (and meetings of any committee thereof) may be called orally or in writing by the Chairman of the Board of Trustees (or the chairman of any committee thereof) or by any two other Trustees. Notice of the time, date and place of all meetings of the Trustees (or any committee thereof) shall be given by the party calling the meeting to each Trustee (or committee member) by telephone, telefax, telegram or other electronic means sent to the person’s home or business address at least twenty-four hours in advance of the meeting or by written notice mailed to the person’s home or business address at least seventy-two hours in advance of the meeting. Notice of all proposed written consents of Trustees (or committees thereof) shall be given to each Trustee (or committee member) by telephone, telefax, telegram, or first class mail sent to the person’s home or business address. Notice need not be given to any person who attends a meeting without objecting to the lack of notice or who executes a written consent or a written waiver of notice with respect to a meeting. Written consents or waivers may be executed in one or more counterparts. Execution of a written consent or waiver and delivery thereof may be accomplished by telefax or other electronic means approved by the Trustees.

 

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Section 4.5 Chairman of the Trustees . The Trustees may appoint one of their number to be Chairman of the Board of Trustees. The Chairman shall preside at all meetings of the Trustees at which he is present and may be (but is not required to be) the chief executive officer of the Trust.

 

Section 4.6 Principal Transactions . Except to the extent prohibited by applicable law, the Trustees may, on behalf of the Trust, buy any securities from or sell any securities to, or lend any assets of the Trust to, any Trustee or officer of the Trust or any firm of which any such Trustee or officer is a member acting as principal, or have any such dealings with any Affiliated Person of the Trust, investment adviser, investment sub-adviser, distributor or transfer agent for the Trust or with any Interested Person of such Affiliated Person or other person; and the Trust may employ any such Affiliated Person or other person, or firm or company in which such Affiliated Person or other person is an Interested Person, as broker, legal counsel, registrar, investment adviser, investment sub-adviser, distributor, transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent, custodian or in any other capacity upon customary terms.

 

article V

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER, INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISER,
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER, ADMINISTRATOR, TRANSFER AGENT,
CUSTODIAN AND OTHER CONTRACTORS

 

Section 5.1 Certain Contracts . Subject to compliance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, but notwithstanding any limitations of present and future law or custom in regard to delegation of powers by trustees generally, the Trustees may, at any time and from time to time and without limiting the generality of their powers and authority otherwise set forth herein, enter into one or more contracts with any one or more corporations, trusts, associations, partnerships, limited partnerships, other type of organizations, or individuals to provide for the performance and assumption of some or all of the following services, duties and responsibilities to, for or of the Trust and/or the Trustees, and to provide for the performance and assumption of such other services, duties and responsibilities in addition to those set forth below as the Trustees may determine to be appropriate:

 

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(a)  Investment Adviser and Investment Sub-Adviser . The Trustees may in their discretion, from time to time, enter into an investment advisory or management contract or contracts with respect to the Trust whereby the other party or parties to such contract or contracts shall undertake to furnish the Trust with such management, investment advisory, statistical and research facilities and services and such other facilities and services, if any, and all upon such terms and conditions, as the Trustees may in their discretion determine. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Trust Instrument, the Trustees may authorize any investment adviser (subject to such general or specific instructions as the Trustees may from time to time adopt) to effect purchases, sales or exchanges of portfolio securities, other investment instruments of the Trust, or other Trust Property on behalf of the Trustees, or may authorize any officer, agent, or Trustee to effect such purchases, sales or exchanges pursuant to recommendations of the investment adviser (and all without further action by the Trustees). Any such purchases, sales and exchanges shall be deemed to have been authorized by the Trustees.

 

The Trustees may authorize, subject to applicable requirements of the 1940 Act, the investment adviser to employ, from time to time, one or more sub-advisers to perform such of the acts and services of the investment adviser, and upon such terms and conditions, as may be agreed upon between the investment adviser and sub-adviser. Any reference in this Trust Instrument to the investment adviser shall be deemed to include such sub-advisers, unless the context otherwise requires.

 

(b)  Principal Underwriter . The Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into an exclusive or non-exclusive underwriting contract or contracts providing for the sale of Shares, whereby the Trust may either agree to sell Shares to the other party to the contract or appoint such other party its sales agent for such Shares. In either case, the contract or contracts shall be on such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine and may also provide for the repurchase or sale of Shares by such other party as principal or as agent of the Trust.

 

(c)  Administrator . The Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into one or more contracts whereby the other party or parties shall undertake to furnish the Trust with administrative services. The contract or contracts shall be on such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine.

(d)  Transfer Agent . The Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into one or more transfer agency and Shareholder service contracts whereby the other party or parties shall undertake to furnish the Trust with transfer agency and Shareholder services. The contract or contracts shall be on such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine.

 

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(e)  Servicing Agent . The Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into one or more contracts whereby the other party or parties shall undertake to furnish the Trust with Trust and/or Shareholder services. The contract or contracts shall be on such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine.

 

(f)  Fund Accounting . The Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into one or more contracts whereby the other party or parties undertakes to handle all or any part of the Trust’s accounting responsibilities, whether with respect to the Trust’s properties, Shareholders or otherwise. The contract or contracts shall be on such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine.

 

(g)  Custodian and Depository . The Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into one or more contracts whereby the other party or parties undertakes to act as depository for and to maintain custody of the property of the Trust or any Class and accounting records in connection therewith. The contract or contracts shall be on such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine.

 

(h)  Parties to Contract . Any contract described in this Article V hereof may be entered into with any corporation, firm, partnership, trust or association, although one or more of the Trustees or officers of the Trust may be an officer, director, trustee, shareholder, or member of such other party to the contract, and no such contract shall be invalidated or rendered void or voidable by reason of the existence of any relationship, nor shall any person holding such relationship be disqualified from voting on or executing the same in his capacity as Shareholder and/or Trustee, nor shall any person holding such relationship be liable merely by reason of such relationship for any loss or expense to the Trust under or by reason of said contract or accountable for any profit realized directly or indirectly therefrom, provided that the contract when entered into was not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article V. The same person (including a firm, corporation, partnership, trust, or association) may be the other party to contracts entered into pursuant to this Article V, and any individual may be financially interested or otherwise affiliated with persons who are parties to any or all of the contracts mentioned in this Section 5.1.

 

article VI

 

SHAREHOLDER VOTING POWERS AND MEETINGS

 

Section 6.1 Voting . The Shareholders shall have power to vote only: (a) for the election of one or more Trustees in order to comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act (including Section 16(a) thereof); (b) with respect to any contract entered into pursuant to Article V to the extent required by the 1940 Act; (c) with respect to termination of the Trust or a Class thereof to the extent required by applicable law; and (d) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by this Trust Instrument, the By-laws or any registration of the Trust as an investment company under the 1940 Act with the Commission (or any successor agency) or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable.

 

Notwithstanding any other provision of this declaration, on any matter submitted to a vote of Shareholders, unless the Trustees determine otherwise, all Shares of all Classes then entitled to vote shall be voted in aggregate, provided, however, that: (a) as to any matter with respect to which a separate vote of any Class is required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law or is required by attributes applicable to any Class, such requirements as to a separate vote by that Class shall apply; (b) unless the Trustees determine that this clause (b) shall not apply in a particular case, to the extent that a matter referred to in clause (a) above affects more than one Class and the interests of each such Class in the matter are identical, then the Shares of all such affected Classes shall vote as a single class; and (c) as to any matter which does not affect the interests of a particular Class, only the holders of Shares of the one or more affected Classes shall be entitled to vote. A Shareholder of each Class shall be entitled to one vote for each Share of such Class on any matter on which such Shareholder is entitled to vote. A Shareholder of each Class shall be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote for each fractional Share of such Class on any matter on which such Shareholder is entitled to vote. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees. Shares may be voted in person or by proxy or in any manner provided for in the By-laws. A proxy may be given in writing, by telefax, other electronic means or in any other manner provided for in the By-laws. Anything in this Trust Instrument to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event a proposal by anyone other than the officers or Trustees of the Trust is submitted to a vote of the Shareholders of the Trust or one or more Classes thereof, or in the event of any proxy contest or proxy solicitation or proposal in opposition to any proposal by the officers or Trustees of the Trust, Shares may be voted only in person or by written proxy. Until Shares are issued, the Trustees may exercise all rights of Shareholders and may take any action required or permitted by law, this Trust Instrument or any of the By-laws of the Trust to be taken by Shareholders.

 

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Section 6.2 Meetings . Meetings of Shareholders (including meetings involving only the holders of Shares of one or more but less than all the Classes) may be called by the Trustees from time to time to be held at such place within or without the State of Delaware, and on such date as may be designated in the call thereof for the purpose of taking action upon any matter as to which the vote or authority of the Shareholders of any Class or of the Trust is required or permitted as provided in Section 6.1. Special meetings of the Shareholders may be called by the Trustees. To the extent required by the 1940 Act, special meetings of the Shareholders for the purpose of removing one or more Trustees shall be called by the Trustees upon the written request of Shareholders owning at least 10 percent (10%) of the Outstanding Shares of all Classes entitled to vote. Notice shall be sent, postage prepaid, by mail or such other means determined by the Trustees, at least 7 days prior to any such meeting.

 

Section 6.3 Quorum and Required Vote . Unless a larger percentage is required by law, by any provision of this Trust Instrument or by the Trustees, one-third of the Shares entitled to vote in person or by proxy on a particular matter shall be a quorum for the transaction of business at a Shareholders’ meeting with respect to that matter. Any lesser number shall be sufficient for adjournments. Any adjourned session or sessions may be held without the necessity of further notice. Except when a larger vote is required by law, by any provision of this Trust Instrument or by the Trustees, a majority of the Shares voted in person or by proxy on a particular matter at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall decide any questions with respect to that matter and a plurality shall elect a Trustee.

 

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Section 6.4 Action by Written Consent . Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act and other applicable law, any action taken by Shareholders may be taken without a meeting if a majority of the Shares entitled to vote on the matter (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be required by law, by any provision of this Trust Instrument or by the Trustees) consent to the action in writing. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Shareholders. The Trustees may adopt additional rules and procedures regarding the taking of Shareholder action by written consents.

 

article VII

 

DISTRIBUTIONS AND REPURCHASES

 

Section 7.1 Distributions .

 

(a) The Trustees may from time to time declare and pay dividends or other distributions with respect to any Class. The amount of such dividends or distributions and the payment of them and whether they are in cash or any other Trust Property shall be wholly in the discretion of the Trustees.

 

(b) Dividends and other distributions may be paid or made to the Shareholders of record at the time of declaring a dividend or other distribution or among the Shareholders of record at such other date or time or dates or times as the Trustees shall determine, which dividends or distributions, at the election of the Trustees, may be paid pursuant to a standing resolution or resolutions adopted only once or with such frequency as the Trustees may determine. All dividends and other distributions on Shares of a particular Class shall be distributed pro rata to the Shareholders of that Class in proportion to the number of Shares of that Class they held on the record date established for such payment, except that in connection with any dividend or distribution program or procedures the Trustees may determine that no dividend or distribution shall be payable on Shares as to which the Shareholder’s purchase order and/or payment in the prescribed form has not been received by the time or times established by the Trustees under such program or procedure. The Trustees may adopt and offer to Shareholders such dividend reinvestment plans, cash dividend payout plans or related plans as the Trustees shall deem appropriate.

 

(c) Anything in this Trust Instrument to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustees may at any time declare and distribute a stock dividend pro rata among the Shareholders of a particular Class, as of the record date of that Class fixed as provided in Section (b) hereof. The Trustees shall have full discretion, to the extent not inconsistent with the 1940 Act, to determine which items shall be treated as income and which items as capital; and each such determination and allocation shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders.

 

Section 7.2 Transfer of Shares.

 

(a) Any Shares held by a Shareholder may be transferred only (1) by operation of law pursuant to the death, bankruptcy, insolvency, adjudicated incompetence, or dissolution of the Shareholder or (2) with the consent of the Trustees (which may be withheld in the Trustees’ sole and absolute discretion). If a Shareholder transfers Shares with the approval of the Trustees, the Trustees will as promptly as practicable take all necessary actions so that each transferee or successor to whom or to which the Shares are transferred is admitted to the Trust as a Shareholder. The admission of any transferee as a substituted Shareholder will be effective upon the execution and delivery by, or on behalf of, the substituted Shareholder of an investor application form. Each Shareholder and transferee agrees to pay all expenses, including attorneys’ and accountants’ fees, incurred by the Trust in connection with any transfer. In connection with any request to transfer Shares, the Trust may require the Shareholder requesting the transfer to obtain, at the Shareholder’s expense, an opinion of counsel selected by the Trustees as to such matters as the Trustees may reasonably request. If a Shareholder transfers all of its Shares, it will not cease to be a Shareholder unless and until the transferee is admitted to the Trust as a substituted Shareholder in accordance with this Section 7.2(a). Any transfer of Shares permitted under this Section 7.2(a) will be effected in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.4 hereof. Pursuant to Section 4.1(k) hereof, the Trustees hereby delegate to the officers of the Trust all power and authority to approve and effect transfers of Shares pursuant to this Section 7.2(a).

 

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(b) Each Shareholder will indemnify and hold harmless the Trust, the Trustees, each other Shareholder and any Affiliated Person of the Trust, the Trustees, the investment adviser, any sub-adviser and each of the other Shareholders against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including legal or other expenses incurred in investigating or defending against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses or any judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement), joint or several, to which these Persons may become subject by reason of or arising from (1) any transfer made by the Shareholder in violation of this Section 7.2 and (2) any misrepresentation by the transferring Shareholder or substituted Shareholder in connection with the transfer. A Shareholder transferring Shares may be charged reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ and accountants’ fees, incurred by the Trust in connection with the transfer, by setting off such charges due from such Shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends or distributions owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number of shares in the account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional Shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such Shareholder.

 

Section 7.3 Repurchases . Unless the Trustees otherwise determine with respect to a particular Class at the time of establishing and designating the same, each Shareholder of a particular Class shall have the right at such times as may be permitted by the Trustees to require the Trust to repurchase (out of the assets belonging to the applicable Class) all or any part of his Shares at the net asset value thereof as of the repurchase pricing date established by the Trustees, less any repurchase fee established by the Trustees in their discretion, and subject to such conditions as the Trustees may determine, which may include establishing a maximum amount of Shares that may be repurchased and prorating Shares tendered for repurchase if the repurchase is oversubscribed. Payment for said Shares shall be made by the Trust to the Shareholder within seven days after the repurchase pricing date established by the Trustees. The repurchase price may in any case or cases be paid in cash or wholly or partly in kind if the Trustees determine that such payment is advisable in the interest of the remaining Shareholders. Subject to the foregoing, the fair value, selection and quantity of securities or other property so paid or delivered as all or part of the repurchase price shall be determined by or under authority of the Trustees. In no case shall the Trust be liable for any delay of any corporation or other Person in transferring securities selected for delivery as all or part of any payment in kind.

 

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Section 7.4 Redemptions at the Option of the Trust . The Trust shall have the right at its option and at any time to redeem Shares of any Shareholder at the net asset value thereof, unless otherwise permitted by the 1940 Act, for any reason under the terms established by the Trustees from time to time including but not limited to: (i) if at such time such Shareholder owns Shares having an aggregate net asset value of less than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; (ii) to the extent that such Shareholder owns Shares equal to or in excess of a percentage of the outstanding Shares determined from time to time by the Trustees; (iii) the failure of a Shareholder to supply a tax identification number or other identification or if the Trust is unable to verify a Shareholder's identity; (iv) the failure of a Shareholder to pay when due the purchase price of Shares; (v) when the Trust is requested or compelled to do so by governmental authority; or (vi) the determination by the Trustees or pursuant to policies and procedures adopted by the Trustees that ownership of Shares is not in the best interest of the remaining Shareholders of the Trust or applicable Class.

 

Section 7.5 Suspension of the Right of Repurchase . The Trustees may declare a suspension of the right of repurchase or postpone the date of payment as permitted under the 1940 Act. Such suspension shall take effect at such time as the Trustees shall specify and thereafter there shall be no right of repurchase or payment until the Trustees shall declare the suspension at an end. In the event that the Trust is divided into Classes, the provisions of this Section 4, to the extent applicable as determined in the discretion of the Trustees and consistent with the 1940 Act, may be equally applied to each such Class.

 

Section 7.6 Redemption of Shares to Qualify as a Regulated Investment Company . If the Trustees shall, at any time and in good faith, be of the opinion that direct or indirect ownership of Shares has or may become concentrated in any Person to an extent that would disqualify the Trust as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), then the Trustees shall have the power (but not the obligation) by lot or other means deemed equitable by them (i) to call for redemption by any such Person of a number, or principal amount, of Shares sufficient to maintain or bring the direct or indirect ownership of Shares into conformity with the requirements for such qualification and (ii) to refuse to transfer or issue Shares to any Person whose acquisition of Shares in question would result in such disqualification. The redemption shall be effected at the redemption price and in the manner provided herein. The holders of Shares shall upon demand disclose to the Trustees in writing such information with respect to direct and indirect ownership of Shares as the Trustees deem necessary to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority.

 

Section 7.7 Net Asset Value . The Net Asset Value of each outstanding Share of any Class shall be the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the value of the net assets belonging to that Class less the liabilities belonging to such Class by (b) the total number of Shares of that Class outstanding, all determined in accordance with the methods and procedures, including without limitation those with respect to rounding, established by the Trustees from time to time.

 

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article VIII

 

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

 

Section 8.1 Limitation of Liability . Neither a Trustee nor an officer of the Trust, when acting in such capacity, shall be personally liable to any person other than the Trust or a beneficial owner for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust, any Trustee or any officer of the Trust. Neither a Trustee nor an officer of the Trust shall be liable for any act or omission in his capacity as Trustee or as an officer of the Trust, or for any act or omission of any other officer or any employee of the Trust or of any other person or party, provided that nothing contained herein or in the Act shall protect any Trustee or officer against any liability to the Trust or to Shareholders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee or the duties of such officer hereunder.

 

Section 8.2 Indemnification . The Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees, officers, and persons who serve at the Trust’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor, or otherwise, and may indemnify any trustee, director or officer of a predecessor organization (each a “Covered Person”), against all liabilities and expenses (including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise, as fines and penalties, and expenses including reasonable accountants’ and counsel fees) reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative, regulatory, or legislative body, in which he may be involved or with which he may be threatened, while as a Covered Person or thereafter, by reason of being or having been such a Covered Person, except that no Covered Person shall be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or its Shareholders to which such Covered Person would otherwise be subject by reason of bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office (such willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard being referred to herein as “Disabling Conduct”). Expenses, including accountants’ and counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), may be paid from time to time by the Trust in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of (a) an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article VIII and (b) any of (i) such Covered Person provides security for such undertaking, (ii) the Trust is insured against losses arising by reason of such payment, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of disinterested, non-party Trustees, or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, determines, based on a review of readily available facts, that there is reason to believe that such Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

 

Section 8.3 Indemnification Determinations . Indemnification of a Covered Person pursuant to Section 8.2 shall be made if (a) the court or body before whom the proceeding is brought determines, in a final decision on the merits, that such Covered Person was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct or (b) in the absence of such a determination, a majority of a quorum of disinterested, non-party Trustees or independent legal counsel in a written opinion make a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that such Covered Person was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct.

 

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Section 8.4 Indemnification Not Exclusive . The right of indemnification provided by this Article VIII shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any such Covered Person may be entitled. As used in this Article VIII, “Covered Person” shall include such person’s heirs, executors and administrators, and a “disinterested, non-party Trustee” is a Trustee who is neither an Interested Person of the Trust nor a party to the proceeding in question.

 

Section 8.5 Shareholders . Each Shareholder of the Trust and each Class shall not be personally liable for the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by, contracted for, or otherwise existing with respect to, the Trust or by or on behalf of any Class. The Trustees shall have no power to bind any Shareholder personally or to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time personally agree to pay pursuant to terms hereof or by way of subscription for any Shares or otherwise.

 

In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder of any Class shall be held to be personally liable solely by reason of his being or having been a Shareholder of such Class and not because of his acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives, or, in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled out of the assets belonging to the applicable Class to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability. The Trust, on behalf of the affected Class, shall, upon request by the Shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against the Shareholder for any act or obligation of the Class and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets of the Class. The indemnification and reimbursement required by the preceding sentence shall be made only out of assets of the one or more Classes whose Shares were held by said Shareholder at the time the act or event occurred that gave rise to the claim against or liability of said Shareholder. The rights accruing to a Shareholder under this Section shall not impair any other right to which such Shareholder may be lawfully entitled, nor shall anything herein contained restrict the right of the Trust or any Class thereof to indemnify or reimburse a Shareholder in any appropriate situation even though not specifically provided herein.

 

article IX

 

MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 9.1 Trust Not a Partnership . It is hereby expressly declared that a trust and not a partnership is created hereby. All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust or any Class shall look only to the assets of the Trust or such Class for payment under such credit, contract or claim; and neither the Shareholders nor the Trustees, nor any of the Trust’s officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.

 

Section 9.2 Trustees’ and Officers’ Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety . The exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretions hereunder shall be binding upon everyone interested. Subject to the provisions of Article VIII: (i) the Trustees and officers shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any agent, employee, consultant, adviser, administrator, distributor or principal underwriter, custodian or transfer, dividend disbursing, shareholder servicing or accounting agent of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee or officer be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee or officer; (ii) the Trustees and officers may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Trust Instrument and their duties as Trustees or officers, as applicable, and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice or for failing to follow such advice; (iii) in discharging their duties, the officers, when acting in good faith, shall be entitled to rely upon the books of account of the Trust and upon written reports made to the Trustees and/or officers by any independent public accountant, and (with respect to the subject matter of the contract involved) any officer, partner or responsible employee of a contracting party appointed by the Trustees; and (iv) in discharging their duties, the Trustees, when acting in good faith, shall be entitled to rely upon the books of account of the Trust and upon written reports made to the Trustees by any officer appointed by them, any independent public accountant, and (with respect to the subject matter of the contract involved) any officer, partner or responsible employee of a contracting party appointed by the Trustees. The Trustees and officers as such shall not be required to give any bond or surety or any other security for the performance of their duties.

 

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Section 9.3 Establishment of Record Dates . The Trustees may close the Share transfer books of the Trust for a period not exceeding one hundred twenty (120) days preceding the date of any meeting of Shareholders, or the date for the payment of any dividends or other distributions, or the date for the allotment of rights, or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of Shares shall go into effect; or in lieu of closing the stock transfer books as aforesaid, the Trustees may fix in advance a date, not exceeding one hundred twenty (120) days preceding the date of any meeting of Shareholders, or the date for payment of any dividend or other distribution, or the date for the allotment of rights, or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of Shares shall go into effect, as a record date for the determination of the Shareholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, any such meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any such dividend or other distribution, or to any such allotment of rights, or to exercise the rights in respect of any such change, conversion or exchange of Shares, and in such case such Shareholders and only such Shareholders as shall be Shareholders of record on the date so fixed shall be entitled to such notice of, and to vote at, such meeting, or to receive payment of such dividend or other distribution, or to receive such allotment or rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any Shares on the books of the Trust after any such record date fixed as aforesaid.

 

Section 9.4 Dissolution and Termination of Trust .

 

(a) This Trust shall continue without limitation of time but subject to the provisions of sub-sections (b) and (c) of this Section 9.4.

 

(b) Notwithstanding anything in Section 9.5 to the contrary, the Trustees may without Shareholder approval (unless such approval is required by the 1940 Act) in dissolution of the Trust or any Class, liquidate, reorganize or dissolve the Trust or any Class in any manner or fashion not inconsistent with applicable law, including, without limitation,

 

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(i) sell and convey all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust or any Class to another trust, partnership, limited liability company, association or corporation, or to a separate series or class of shares thereof, organized under the laws of any state or jurisdiction, for adequate consideration which may include the assumption of all outstanding obligations, taxes and other liabilities, accrued or contingent, of the Trust or any Class, and which may include shares of beneficial interest, stock or other ownership interests of such trust, partnership, limited liability company, association or corporation or of a series thereof; or

 

(ii) at any time sell and convert into money all of the assets of the Trust or any Class.

 

Following a sale or conversion in accordance with the foregoing sub-section 9.4(b)(i) or (ii), and upon making reasonable provision, in the determination of the Trustees, for the payment of all liabilities of the Trust or the affected Class as required by applicable law, by such assumption or otherwise, the Shareholders of each Class involved in such sale or conversion shall be entitled to receive, as a Class, when and as declared by the Trustees, the excess of the assets allocated to that Class over the liabilities allocated to such Class. The assets so distributable to the Shareholders of any particular Class shall be distributed among such Shareholders in proportion to the number of Shares of that Class held by them and recorded on the books of the Trust.

 

(c) Upon completion of the distribution of the remaining proceeds or the remaining assets as provided in sub-section (b), the Trust (in the case of a sale or conversion with respect to the Trust) or any affected Class shall terminate and the Trustees and the Trust or any affected Class shall be discharged of any and all further liabilities and duties hereunder and the right, title and interest of all parties with respect to the Trust or such affected Class shall be cancelled and discharged.

 

Upon termination of the Trust, following completion of winding up of its business, the Trustees shall cause a certificate of cancellation of the Trust’s certificate of trust to be filed in accordance with the Act, which certificate of cancellation may be signed by any one Trustee.

 

Section 9.5 Merger, Consolidation, Incorporation . Anything in this Trust Instrument to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustees, in order to change the form of organization and/or domicile of the Trust, may, without prior Shareholder approval, (i) cause the Trust to merge or consolidate with or into one or more trusts, partnerships, limited liability companies, associations or corporations which is or are formed, organized or existing under the laws of a state, commonwealth possession or colony of the United States, or (ii) cause the Trust to incorporate under the laws of Delaware. Any agreement of merger or consolidation or certificate of merger may be signed by a majority of the Trustees. Pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Section 3815(f) of the Act, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Trust Instrument, an agreement of any merger or consolidation approved in accordance with this Section 9.5 may effect any amendment to the Trust Instrument or effect the adoption of a new trust instrument of the Trust if it is the surviving or resulting trust in the merger or consolidation. Any merger or consolidation of the Trust other than as described in the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.5 shall, in addition to the approval of the Trustees, require a Majority Shareholder Vote. Nothing in this Section 9.5 shall require, however, Shareholder approval of any transaction whereby the Trust or any Class thereof acquires or assumes all or any part of the assets and liabilities of any other entity.

 

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Section 9.6 Filing of Copies, References, Headings . The original or a copy of this Trust Instrument and of each amendment hereof or Trust Instrument supplemental hereto shall be kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. Anyone dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer or Trustee of the Trust as to whether or not any such amendments or supplements have been made and as to any matters in connection with the Trust hereunder, and with the same effect as if it were the original, may rely on a copy certified by an officer or Trustee of the Trust to be a copy of this Trust Instrument or of any such amendment or supplemental Trust Instrument. In this Trust Instrument or in any such amendment or supplemental Trust Instrument, references to this Trust Instrument, and all expressions like “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder,” shall be deemed to refer to this Trust Instrument as amended or affected by any such supplemental Trust Instrument. All expressions like “his,” “he” and “him,” shall be deemed to include the feminine and neuter, as well as masculine, genders. Headings are placed herein for convenience of reference only and in case of any conflict, the text of this Trust Instrument rather than the headings, shall control. This Trust Instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts each of which shall be deemed an original.

 

Section 9.7 Applicable Law . The trust set forth in this instrument is made in the State of Delaware, and the Trust and this Trust Instrument, and the rights and obligations of the Trustees and Shareholders hereunder, are to be governed by and construed and administered according to the Act and the laws of said State; provided, however, that there shall not be applicable to the Trust, the Trustees or this Trust Instrument (a) the provisions of Section 3540 of Title 12 of the Delaware Code or (b) any provisions of the laws (statutory or common) of the State of Delaware (other than the Act) pertaining to trusts which relate to or regulate: (i) the filing with any court or governmental body or agency of trustee accounts or schedules of trustee fees and charges, (ii) affirmative requirements to post bonds for trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (iii) the necessity for obtaining court or other governmental approval concerning the acquisition, holding or disposition of real or personal property, (iv) fees or other sums payable to trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (v) the allocation of receipts and expenditures to income or principal, (vi) restrictions or limitations on the permissible nature, amount or concentration of trust investments or requirements relating to the titling, storage or other manner of holding of trust assets, or (vii) the establishment of fiduciary or other standards or responsibilities or limitations on the acts or powers of trustees, which are inconsistent with the limitations or liabilities or authorities and powers of the Trustees set forth or referenced in this Trust Instrument. The Trust shall be of the type commonly called a “statutory trust,” and without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily exercised by such a trust under Delaware law. The Trust specifically reserves the right to exercise any of the powers or privileges afforded to trusts or actions that may be engaged in by trusts under the Act, and the absence of a specific reference herein to any such power, privilege or action shall not imply that the Trust may not exercise such power or privilege or take such actions.

 

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Section 9.8 Amendments . Except as specifically provided herein, the Trustees may, without Shareholder vote, amend or otherwise supplement this Trust Instrument by making an amendment, a Trust Instrument supplemental hereto or an amended and restated trust instrument. Shareholders shall have the right to vote: (i) on any amendment which would affect their right to vote granted in Section 6.1, (ii) on any amendment to this Section 9.8, (iii) on any amendment for which such vote is required by law and (iv) on any amendment submitted to them by the Trustees. Any amendment required or permitted to be submitted to Shareholders which, as the Trustees determine, shall affect the Shareholders of one or more Classes shall be authorized by vote of the Shareholders of each Class affected and no vote of shareholders of a Class not affected shall be required. Anything in this Trust Instrument to the contrary notwithstanding, any amendment to Article VIII hereof shall not limit the rights to indemnification or insurance provided therein with respect to action or omission of any persons protected thereby prior to such amendment.

 

Section 9.9 Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the Trust shall end on a specified date as determined from time to time by the Trustees.

 

Section 9.10 Provisions in Conflict with Law . The provisions of this Trust Instrument are severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any of such provisions is in conflict with the 1940 Act, the regulated investment company provisions of the Code or with other applicable laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of this Trust Instrument; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of this Trust Instrument or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination. If any provision of this Trust Instrument shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provisions in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of this Trust Instrument in any jurisdiction.

 

Section 9.11 Allocation of Certain Expenses . Each Shareholder will, at the discretion of the Trustees, indemnify the Trust against all expenses and losses resulting from indebtedness incurred in connection with facilitating (i) requests pending receipt of the collected funds from investments sold on the date of such Shareholder’s redemption request; (ii) redemption requests from such Shareholder who has also notified the Trust of its intention to deposit funds in its accounts on the date of said redemption request; or (iii) the purchase of investments pending receipt of collected funds from such Shareholder who has notified the Trust of its intention to deposit funds in its accounts on the date of the purchase of the investments.

 

Section 9.12 Delivery by Electronic Transmission or Otherwise . Notwithstanding any provision in this Declaration of Trust to the contrary, any notice, proxy, vote, consent, instrument or writing of any kind referenced in, or contemplated by, this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws may, in the sole discretion of the Trustees, be given, granted or otherwise delivered by electronic transmission (within the meaning of the Act), including via the internet, or in any other manner permitted by applicable law. All requirements in this Declaration of Trust that any writing be signed shall be deemed to be satisfied by any electronic transmission in such form that is acceptable to the Trustees.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the initial Trustee of the Trust, has executed this Declaration of Trust as of the 21st day of March, 2018.

 

  By: /s/ Anthony J. Fischer  
    Anthony J. Fischer, as Trustee and  
    not individually  

 

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STATE of DELAWARE

CERTIFICATE of TRUST

 

This Certificate of Trust is filed in accordance with the provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (Title 12 of the Delaware Code, Section 3801 et. seq.) and sets forth the following:

 

First: The name of the trust is

Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund

 

Second: The name and address of the Registered Agent in the State of Delaware is

 

The Corporation Trust Company

1209 Orange Street

Wilmington, DE 19801 (New Castle County)

 

Third: The Statutory Trust is or will become prior to or within 180 days following the first issuance of beneficial interests, a registered investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (15 U.S.C. §§ 80a-1 et seq).

 

Fourth: (Insert any other information the trustees determine to include therein.)

 

 
 
 
 
 

 

  By: /s/ Anthony J. Fischer  
    Trustee(s)  
       
  Name: Anthony J. Fischer  
    Typed or Printed  

 

CLIFFWATER DIRECT LENDING FUND

 

BY-LAWS

 

These By-laws (the “By-laws”) of the Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund (the “Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust, are subject to the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated March 21, 2018, as from time to time amended, supplemented or restated (the “Trust Instrument”). Capitalized terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Instrument are used as therein defined.

 

Article I

OFFICES

 

Section 1.1 Delaware Office . The registered office of the Trust in Delaware and the name and address of its resident agent for service of process shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Trust of the Trust, as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on March 21, 2018, and as may be amended and restated from time to time.

 

Section 1.2 Principal Office . The principal office of the Trust shall be located in such location as the Trustees may from time to time determine. The Trust may establish and maintain such other offices and places of business as the Trustees may from time to time determine.

 

Article II

OFFICERS AND THEIR ELECTION

 

Section 2.1 Officers . The officers of the Trust shall be a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary, a Chief Compliance Officer and such other officers as the Trustees may from time to time elect. It shall not be necessary for any Trustee or other officer to be a holder of Shares in the Trust.

 

Section 2.2 Election of Officers . Two or more offices may be held by a single person. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.3 hereof, the officers shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified and serve at the pleasure of the Trustees.

 

Section 2.3 Resignations . Any officer of the Trust may resign by filing a written resignation with the President, the Secretary or the Trustees, which resignation shall take effect on being so filed or at such later time as may be therein specified.

 

 

Article III

POWERS AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES

 

Section 3.1 Chief Executive Officer . Unless the Trustees have designated the Chairman as the chief executive officer of the Trust, the President shall be the chief executive officer of the Trust and shall preside at all meetings of the Shareholders.

 

Section 3.2 Treasurer . The Treasurer shall be the principal financial and accounting officer of the Trust. He shall deliver all funds and securities of the Trust which may come into his hands to such company as the Trustees shall employ as Custodian in accordance with the Trust Instrument and applicable provisions of law. He shall make annual reports regarding the business and condition of the Trust, which reports shall be preserved in Trust records, and he shall furnish such other reports regarding the business and condition of the Trust as the Trustees may from time to time require. The Treasurer shall perform such additional duties as the Trustees or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time designate.

 

Section 3.3 Secretary . The Secretary shall record in books kept for the purpose all votes and proceedings of the Trustees and the Shareholders at their respective meetings. He shall have the custody of the seal of the Trust. The Secretary shall perform such additional duties as the Trustees or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time designate.

 

Section 3.4 Chief Compliance Officer. The Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) of the Trust shall be responsible for administering the Trust’s policies and procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 38a-1(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, or any successor provision thereto. The CCO shall have such other powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned to him by the Trustees.

 

Section 3.5 Additional Officers . The Trustees from time to time may appoint such other officers or agents as they may deem advisable, each of whom shall have such title, hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as the Trustees may determine.

 

Section 3.6 Removal . Any officer may be removed from office at any time by the Trustees.

 

Section 3.7 Remuneration . The salaries or other compensation, if any, of the officers of the Trust shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Trustees.

 

 

Article IV

SHAREHOLDERS’ MEETINGS

 

Section 4.1 Notices . Notices of any meeting of the Shareholders shall be given by the Secretary by delivering or mailing, postage prepaid, to each Shareholder entitled to vote at said meeting, written or printed notification of such meeting at least seven (7) days before the meeting, to such address as may be registered with the Trust by the Shareholder. Notice of any Shareholder meeting need not be given to any Shareholder if a written waiver of notice, executed before or after such meeting, is filed with the record of such meeting, or to any Shareholder who shall attend such meeting in person or by proxy. Notice of adjournment of a Shareholders’ meeting to another time or place need not be given, if such time and place are announced at the meeting or reasonable notice is given to persons present at the meeting.

 

Section 4.2 Voting-Proxies . Subject to the provisions of the Trust Instrument, Shareholders entitled to vote may vote either in person or by proxy, provided that either (i) an instrument authorizing such proxy to act is executed by the Shareholder in writing and dated not more than eleven (11) months before the meeting, unless the instrument specifically provides for a longer period or (ii) an electronic, telephonic, computerized or other alternative to execution of a written instrument authorizing the proxy to act, which authorization is received not more than eleven (11) months before the meeting. Proxies shall be delivered to the Secretary of the Trust or other person responsible for recording the proceedings before being voted. A proxy with respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be valid if executed by one of them unless at or prior to exercise of such proxy the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them. If any Shareholder is a minor or a person of unsound mind, and subject to guardianship or to the legal control of another person as regards the control or management of such Shareholder’s shares, such Shareholder’s shares may be voted by such guardian or such other person appointed or having control, and such vote may be given in person or by proxy. Unless otherwise specifically limited by their terms, proxies shall entitle the holder thereof to vote at any adjournment of a meeting. A proxy purporting to be exercised by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. At all meetings of the Shareholders, unless the voting is conducted by inspectors, all questions relating to the qualifications of voters, the validity of proxies, and the acceptance or rejection of votes shall be decided by the Chairman of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided herein or in the Trust Instrument, all matters relating to the giving, voting or validity of proxies shall be governed by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware relating to proxies, and judicial interpretations thereunder, as if the Trust were a Delaware corporation and the Shareholders were shareholders of a Delaware corporation.

 

Section 4.3 Broker Non-Votes. At any meeting of Shareholders, the Trust will consider broker non-votes as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the meeting. Broker non-votes will not count as votes cast.

 

 

Section 4.4 Place of Meeting . All meetings of the Shareholders shall be held at such places as the Trustees may designate. In the absence of any such designation, Shareholders’ meetings shall be held at the principal office of the Trust at the time of such meetings. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if either the President or Secretary of the Trust, or in the absence or unavailability of the President and the Secretary, any officer of the Trust, determines that the date, time or place designated for a meeting or adjourned meeting of Shareholders is not reasonably practicable or available as a result of (a) fire, flood, elements of nature, or other acts of god, (b) acts of terrorism, (c) outbreak or escalation of hostilities, war, riots or civil disorders or (d) other similar events, such officer may, without further notice to Shareholders, designate such other date, time or place for such meeting or adjourned meeting as such officer shall, in his or her sole discretion, determine.

 

Article V

SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

 

Section 5.1 Share Certificate . No certificates certifying the ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the Trustees may otherwise authorize. The Trustees may issue certificates to a Shareholder for any purpose and the issuance of a certificate to one or more Shareholders shall not require the issuance of certificates generally. In the event that the Trustees authorize the issuance of Share certificates, such certificate shall be in the form prescribed from time to time by the Trustees and shall be signed by the President and by the Treasurer or Secretary. Such signatures may be facsimiles if the certificate is signed by a transfer or shareholder services agent or by a registrar, other than a Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall have ceased to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Trust with the same effect as if he or she were such officer at the time of its issue.

 

Section 5.2 Loss of Certificate . In case of the alleged loss or destruction or the mutilation of a Share certificate, a duplicate certificate may be issued in place thereof, upon such terms as the Trustees may prescribe.

 

Section 5.3 Discontinuance of Issuance of Certificates . The Trustees may at any time discontinue the issuance of Share certificates and may, by written notice to each Shareholder, require the surrender of Share certificates to the Trust for cancellation. Such surrender and cancellation shall not affect the ownership of Shares in the Trust.

 

Article VI

INSPECTION OF BOOKS

 

The Trustees shall from time to time determine whether and to what extent, and at what times and places, and under what conditions and regulations the accounts and books of the Trust or any of them shall be open to the inspection of the Shareholders; and no Shareholder shall have any right to inspect any account or book or document of the Trust except as conferred by law or otherwise by the Trustees.

 

 

Article VII

 

JURISDICTION AND FORUM

 

Each Trustee, each officer, each Shareholder and each person beneficially owning an interest in a Share of the Trust (whether through a broker, dealer, bank, trust company or clearing corporation or an agent of any of the foregoing or otherwise), to the fullest extent permitted by law, including Section 3804(e) of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (12 Del. C. § 3801 et seq.) (the “Act”), (i) irrevocably agrees that any claims, suits, actions or proceedings arising out of or relating in any way to the Trust, the Act, the Trust Instrument or these By-Laws or asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs (or similar) doctrine (including, without limitation, any claims, suits, actions or proceedings to interpret, apply or enforce (A) the provisions of the Trust Instrument or these By-Laws, or (B) the duties (including fiduciary duties), obligations or liabilities of the Trust to the Shareholders or the Trustees, or of officers or the Trustees to the Trust, to the Shareholders or each other, or (C) the rights or powers of, or restrictions on, the Trust, the officers, the Trustees or the Shareholders, or (D) any provision of the Act or other laws of the State of Delaware pertaining to trusts made applicable to the Trust pursuant to Section 3809 of the Act, or (E) any other instrument, document, agreement or certificate contemplated by any provision of the Act, the Trust Instrument or the By-Laws relating in any way to the Trust (regardless, in each case, of whether such claims, suits, actions or proceedings (x) sound in contract, tort, fraud or otherwise, (y) are based on common law, statutory, equitable, legal or other grounds, or (z) are derivative or direct claims)), shall be exclusively brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, any other court in the State of Delaware with subject matter jurisdiction, (ii) irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in connection with any such claim, suit, action or proceeding, (iii) irrevocably agrees not to, and waives any right to, assert in any such claim, suit, action or proceeding that (A) it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of such courts or any other court to which proceedings in such courts may be appealed, (B) such claim, suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, or (C) the venue of such claim, suit, action or proceeding is improper, (iv) expressly waives any requirement for the posting of a bond by a party bringing such claim, suit, action or proceeding, (v) consents to process being served in any such claim, suit, action or proceeding by mailing, certified mail, return receipt requested, a copy thereof to such party at the address in effect for notices hereunder, and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof; provided, nothing in clause (v) hereof shall affect or limit any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law, and (vi) irrevocably waives any and all right to trial by jury in any such claim, suit, action or proceeding. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any Shares of any Class shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this provision.

 

If any provision or provisions of this Article VII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article VII (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Article VII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable), and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances, shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

 

Article VIII

 

AMENDMENTS

 

These By-laws may be amended from time to time by the Trustees.

 

Article IX

HEADINGS

 

Headings are placed in these By-laws for convenience of reference only and, in case of any conflict, the text of these By-laws rather than the headings shall control.

CONSENT OF COUNSEL

 

We hereby consent to the use of our name and to the references to our Firm under the caption “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm; Legal Counsel” in the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information included in the Registration Statement on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), of Cliffwater Direct Lending Fund. This consent does not constitute a consent under Section 7 of the 1933 Act, and in consenting to the use of our name and the references to our Firm under such caption we have not certified any part of the Registration Statement and do not otherwise come within the categories of persons whose consent is required under said Section 7 or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder.

 

  /s/ Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP  
  Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP  

 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

March 30, 2018

 

 

Code of Ethics

 

Cliffwater LLC (“Cliffwater”) is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). Cliffwater has adopted the policies and procedures set forth in this Code of Ethics (this “Code”), which govern the activities of each officer, member and employee of Cliffwater (collectively, the “employees”).

 

I. Code of Conduct

 

This Code sets forth the standard of business conduct that Cliffwater requires of all its employees to comply with applicable federal securities laws, establishes policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material, non-public information and sets forth provisions regarding personal securities transactions by employees.

 

Because Cliffwater is a fiduciary to its clients, Cliffwater is committed to maintaining the highest legal and ethical standards and to refraining from engaging in activities that may create actual or apparent conflicts of interest between Cliffwater or its employees, on the one hand, and Cliffwater’s clients, on the other hand.

 

Cliffwater seeks to ensure that federal securities laws are not violated, that client confidences are maintained, and that conflicts of interest are avoided or properly managed. This Code is intended to educate employees about these issues and Cliffwater’s policies and procedures to ensure, to the extent feasible, that Cliffwater satisfies its obligations with respect to these issues. By doing so, Cliffwater expects that the highest ethical standards are maintained by Cliffwater and its employees and that the reputation of Cliffwater is sustained.

 

Cliffwater has adopted the following general policies and procedures:

 

Employees must act for the benefit of clients and place client interests before their own or the interests of Cliffwater.

 

Employees must exercise reasonable care and judgment in providing services to clients.

 

Employees must deal fairly and objectively with all clients and prospects.

 

Employees must not engage in any conduct involving dishonesty, fraud or other act that reflects adversely on their integrity or that of Cliffwater.

 

Employees must understand, uphold, and comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations related to Cliffwater’s business activities.

 

Employees must disclose all matters that could reasonably be expected to impair their independence and objectivity in their duty to clients or Cliffwater.

 

Employees must keep confidential all information about clients including information about the funds researched for client investment. All such information may only be used for the benefit of clients and/or Cliffwater.

 

Employees who possess material non-public information that could affect the value of an investment must not act on such information.

 

Employees must conduct their personal investing activities in a manner to avoid actual or potential conflicts of interest with clients or Cliffwater itself. No employee may use his or her position with Cliffwater, or any investment opportunities he or she learns of because of his or her position with Cliffwater, to the detriment of clients or Cliffwater.

 

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In addition, Cliffwater has adopted the following policies and procedures with respect to its business practices:

 

Investment professionals must make reasonable inquiry into a client’s objectives, financial situation, and constraints before making investment recommendations.

 

Investment professionals must exercise diligence, independence and thoroughness in analyzing investments and making investment recommendations.

 

Investment recommendations and analysis must have a reasonable and adequate basis and be supported by appropriate research and investigation.

 

Investment professionals must make reasonable efforts to ensure that investment information presented is fair, accurate and complete, and must not knowingly misrepresent facts related to investment analysis or other professional activities.

 

Any matters that could represent a conflict or potential conflict between a client’s interest and Cliffwater’s interest must be adequately disclosed to the client.

 

II. Fiduciary Obligations

 

A. General Fiduciary Principles

 

By nature of its relationship with clients, Cliffwater is considered a fiduciary. Some of the general fiduciary principles applicable to Cliffwater include the following:

 

Disinterested Advice – Cliffwater must provide advice that is in the best interest of its clients.

 

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest – Cliffwater must disclose material facts regarding the advisory services being provided and any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise from providing such services. Such disclosures will generally be made in investment advisory agreements with clients and/or Form ADV, Part 2A.

 

Fraud – Cliffwater shall not employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud any prospective or current client.

 

Suitable Advice – Cliffwater is obligated to make suitable recommendations to clients that are consistent with the clients’ investment objectives, which are generally set forth in the investment advisory agreements with clients.

 

An investment adviser’s fiduciary duty is made enforceable by the SEC by Section 206 of the Advisers Act (the “Antifraud Provision”), and is incorporated into the Advisers Act in various provisions and disclosure requirements. The Antifraud Provision generally makes it unlawful for an investment adviser to engage in fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative conduct.

 

The Antifraud Provision applies to all investment advisers, whether registered or not. A violation of the Antifraud Provision may be based on an affirmative misstatement or the failure to disclose material facts. A person can be found to have violated the Antifraud Provision even if the person acted unintentionally. The SEC may bring an enforcement action under the Antifraud Provision even if there is no actual injury to a client.

 

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B. Escalation

 

If an employee becomes aware of potential legal, regulatory or ethical misconduct, he or she must report it to Cliffwater’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “CCO”). An employee must also notify the CCO if he or she has any reason to believe that a violation of this Code has occurred or is about to occur. Reporting misconduct and escalating potential issues or problems promptly is critical to promoting and maintaining Cliffwater’s reputation for integrity and fair dealing. Specifically, employees should escalate the following:

 

Legal, regulatory or ethical violations;

 

Violations of a Cliffwater policy;

 

Potential money laundering or other suspicious activity;

 

Concerns regarding the integrity of Cliffwater’s accounting practices, internal controls; auditing matters or public filings; and

 

Improper behavior by other employees or clients.

 

C. Firm Procedures Concerning Fiduciary Duty

 

The CCO has a continuing duty, along with all employees, to protect the interests of each client. The CCO seeks to determine, in connection with periodic reviews of Cliffwater’s operating activities, if Cliffwater is satisfying its fiduciary obligations and not placing its proprietary interests before those of any client.

 

To that end, the CCO analyzes certain activities such as:

 

Employee personal trading activities;

 

Outside business activities of employees;

 

Statements made by Cliffwater or its employees in marketing and advertising materials; and

 

Investment allocations among clients.

 

III. Protection of Material, Non-public and Other Confidential Information and Prevention of Insider Trading and Tipping

 

A. Need for Policy

 

Cliffwater and its employees may have access to confidential information about its clients, investment advice provided to clients, securities transactions being affected for clients’ accounts and other sensitive information. In addition, from time to time, Cliffwater or its employees may come into possession of information that is ‘material’ and ‘non-public’ (each as defined below) concerning a company or the trading market for its securities.

 

Section 204A of the Advisers Act requires that Cliffwater establish, maintain and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent Cliffwater and its employees from misusing material, non-public information in violation of federal securities laws, rules and regulations. Employee violations of the laws against insider trading and tipping can expose Cliffwater and any employee involved to severe criminal and civil liability. In addition, Cliffwater and its employees have ethical and legal responsibilities to maintain the confidences of Cliffwater’s clients, and to protect as valuable assets confidential and proprietary information Cliffwater has developed or that has been entrusted to Cliffwater.

 

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Although Cliffwater respects the right of its employees to engage in personal investment activities, it is important that Cliffwater avoid any appearance of impropriety and remain in full compliance with the law and a high standard of ethics. Accordingly, employees must exercise good judgment when engaging in securities transactions and when relating to others regarding information obtained as a result of employment with Cliffwater. If an employee has any doubt whether a particular situation requires refraining from making an investment or sharing information with others, this doubt should be resolved against taking this action and should be discussed immediately with the CCO.

 

Cliffwater employees are prohibited from using information obtained as a result of employment with Cliffwater for manipulative, deceptive or fraudulent purposes. The kinds of activities prohibited include ‘front-running,’ ‘scalping’ and trading on inside information. ‘Front-running’ refers to a practice whereby a person takes a position in a security in order to profit based on his or her advance knowledge of upcoming trading by clients in that security which is expected to affect the market price. ‘Scalping’ refers to a similar abuse of client accounts, and means the practice of taking a position in a security before recommending it to clients or effecting transactions on behalf of clients, and then selling out the employee’s personal position after the price of the security has risen on the basis of the recommendation or client transactions.

 

Depending upon the circumstances, Cliffwater and any employee involved may be exposed to potential insider trading or tipping liability under the federal securities laws if Cliffwater or any employee advises clients concerning, or executes transactions in, publicly-traded securities for which Cliffwater possesses material, non-public information.

 

When necessary, Cliffwater seeks to control the dissemination of non-public or confidential information within a particular team (or entity). An effective information barrier permits sales, trading, risk arbitrage and other activities to continue in the ordinary course of business even though another team is in possession of inside or confidential information.

 

Employees should not disclose material, non-public information to any person inside or outside Cliffwater, except to the extent that the person has a bona fide “need to know” in order to carry out Cliffwater’s business, including management and supervisory functions and the administration of Cliffwater's compliance policies and procedures. Even after trading in a security has been placed on a restricted list, the dissemination of material, non-public information concerning or relating to the security should continue to be on a need to know basis only.

 

B. General Policies and Procedures Concerning Insider Trading and Tipping

 

Cliffwater has adopted the following policies and procedures to (i) ensure the propriety of employee trading activity; (ii) protect and segment the flow of material, non-public and other confidential information relating to client advice and securities transactions, as well as other confidential information; (iii) avoid possible conflicts of interest; and (iv) identify trades that may violate the prohibitions against insider trading, tipping, front-running, scalping and other manipulative and deceptive devices contained in federal and state securities laws and rules.

 

No employee shall engage in transactions in any publicly-traded securities while in possession of material, non-public information regarding the securities (so-called “insider trading”). Nor shall any employee communicate this material, non-public information to any person who might use the information to purchase or sell publicly-traded securities (so-called “tipping”). The term “securities” includes options or derivative instruments on those securities and other securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for those securities.

 

An employee who does not trade securities but learns of material, non-public information from a corporate insider (or someone who has breached a duty of trust or confidence to the source of the information), and then shares the information with someone else (the “Tipper”) who trades in securities, can be liable for the trading done by the person to whom the employee passed the information (the “Tippee”). Thus, the Tipper is subject to liability for insider trading if the Tippee trades, even if the Tipper does not. Therefore, it is important never to pass on material, non-public information regarding publicly-traded securities to anyone who may trade while aware of that information or who may pass it on to others that may trade. The Tippee may be subject to liability for insider trading if the Tippee knows, or should have known, that the Tipper breached a duty of trust or confidence.

 

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1. “ Material : The question of whether information is “ material ” is not always easily resolved. Generally speaking, information is “material” where there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor could consider the information important in deciding whether to buy or sell the securities in question, or where the information, if disclosed, could be viewed by a reasonable investor as having significantly altered the “total mix” of information available. Where the non-public information relates to a possible or contingent event, materiality depends upon a balancing of both the probability that the event will occur and the anticipated magnitude of the event in light of the totality of the activities of the issuer involved. Common, but by no means exclusive, examples of “material” information include information concerning a company’s sales, earnings, dividends, significant acquisitions or mergers and major litigation. So-called “market information,” such as information concerning an impending securities transaction, may also, depending upon the circumstances, be “material.” Because materiality determinations are often challenged with the benefit of hindsight, if an employee has any doubt whether certain information is “material,” this doubt should be resolved against trading or communicating this information.

 

2. “ Non-public : Information is “ non-public ” until it has been made available to investors generally. In this respect, one must be able to point to some fact to show that the information is generally public, such as inclusion in reports filed with the SEC or press releases issued by the issuer of the securities, or reference to this information in publications of general circulation such as The Wall Street Journal or The New York Times . In general, information may be presumed to have been made available to investors after two business days from the formal release of this information.

 

3. “ Advisory Information : Information concerning (i) what securities investment managers are following; (ii) specific recommendations investment managers make to clients; (iii) prospective securities transactions of Cliffwater clients; or (iv) clients’ current holdings (together, “Advisory Information”) is strictly confidential. Under some circumstances, Advisory Information may be material and non-public.

 

4.  Prohibitions : In handling information obtained as a result of employment with Cliffwater, employees:

 

Shall not disclose material, non-public or other confidential information (including Advisory Information) to anyone, inside or outside Cliffwater (including family members), except on a strict need-to-know basis and under circumstances that make it reasonable to believe that the information will not be misused or improperly disclosed by the recipient;

 

Shall refrain from recommending or suggesting that any person engage in transactions in any publicly-traded security while in possession of material, non-public information about that security; and

 

Shall abstain from transactions, for their own personal accounts or for the account of any client, in any publicly-traded security while in possession of material, non-public information regarding that security.

 

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C. Protection of Material, Non-public Information

 

An investment firm or other company may, as a means to seek investors in securities issued by it, send to Cliffwater materials that contain material, non-public or other confidential information. Typically, these materials will be accompanied by a transmittal letter that indicates the confidential nature of the enclosed materials and that the opening of the inner package constitutes an agreement to maintain the confidentiality of the information. In this circumstance, any employee receiving any of these materials should consider the material to be non-public confidential information and treat that information accordingly.

 

If an employee should come into possession of information concerning any publicly-traded company or the market for its securities that the employee believes may be material and non-public, the employee may not act on such information. In addition, the employee shall not engage in transactions (or recommend or suggest that any person engage in transactions) in the securities to which the information relates, without the prior written approval of the CCO.

 

D. Protection of Other Confidential Information

 

Cliffwater and its personnel may have access to confidential information about its clients, investment advice provided to clients, securities transactions being affected for clients’ accounts, information about fund managers and other sensitive information. Cliffwater generally keeps all such information strictly confidential. However, some managers and other third parties require that Cliffwater enter into a non-disclosure agreement to protect their confidential information. Requests to sign Confidentiality Agreements regarding receipt of confidential information should be reviewed by legal counsel, and signed by the General Counsel (or in his/her absence, another authorized member of Cliffwater’s executive management) .

 

Information relating to another employee’s medical, financial, employment, legal, or personal affairs is confidential and may not be disclosed to any person, within or outside of Cliffwater, without the employee’s consent or for a proper purpose the CCO or another authorized member of Cliffwater’s executive management has authorized.

 

E. Procedures to Safeguard Material, Non-Public and Other Confidential Information

 

In handling material, non-public and other confidential information, including Advisory Information, employees shall take appropriate steps to safeguard the confidentiality of this information. When reviewing or working on any confidential documents, employees should be careful not to leave documents open in a public setting that would permit others to see the documents, such as in airplanes or other public spaces.

 

IV. Rules Governing Personal Securities Transactions

 

All Cliffwater personnel must conduct their personal investing activities in a manner to avoid actual or potential conflicts of interest with Cliffwater’s clients or Cliffwater itself. No employee may use his or her position with Cliffwater, or any investment opportunities he or she learns of because of his or her position with Cliffwater, to the detriment of Cliffwater’s clients and/or Cliffwater itself.

 

Cliffwater has adopted policies and procedures to meet its responsibilities to clients and to comply with SEC rules. Violations may result in the SEC or state regulators taking law enforcement action against Cliffwater and its employees, and/or Cliffwater taking disciplinary action against any employee involved in the violation, including termination of employment.

 

A. Who is Covered by these Requirements?

 

Each Cliffwater employee and members of his or her immediate family (including spouse, children, stepchildren, grandchildren, parents, stepparents, grandparents, siblings, persons with whom an employee has an adoptive or ‘in- law’ relationship, or any relatives to whose support the employee materially contributes, either directly or indirectly) and who shares the employee’s household (“Immediate Family”) are subject to Cliffwater’s policies and procedures on personal securities transactions, with the limited exceptions noted below.

 

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B. What Accounts are Covered?

 

These policies and procedures cover all personal securities brokerage or trading accounts as to which a Cliffwater employee or a member of the employee’s Immediate Family has “beneficial ownership.” For purposes of these requirements, “beneficial ownership” has the same meaning as in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Generally, a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he or she, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the security. An indirect pecuniary interest includes (i) securities held by a member of a person’s Immediate Family, (ii) a persons’ interest in securities held by a trust, and (iii) a person’s right to acquire securities through the exercise of a derivative security. The definition of “beneficial ownership” is complex, and if a Cliffwater employee has any question whether he or she has a beneficial interest in a security, the employee should consult with the CCO.

 

C. What Securities are Covered by these Requirements?

 

All securities (and derivative forms thereof including options and futures contracts) are covered by these requirements except (i) securities which are direct obligations of the United States, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds and U.S. savings bonds and derivatives thereof and (ii) shares of open-end mutual funds other than those that are advised or subadvised by Cliffwater or one of its affiliates. Any open-end fund or closed-end fund advised or subadvised by Cliffwater or one of its affiliates is a “Reportable Fund.” Please note that shares of Reportable Funds, closed-end funds and unit investment trusts, exchange traded funds (ETFs), and all private fund securities are covered by these requirements.

 

D. What Transactions are Prohibited by these Requirements?

 

The following prohibitions apply to Cliffwater employees.

 

1. Use of Material, Non-Public Information: An employee may not buy or sell any publicly-traded security if he or she has material, non-public information about the security or the market for the security obtained in the course of his or her employment with Cliffwater or otherwise, without first reporting the information to the CCO and obtaining the CCO’s prior approval (pre-clearance) for the trade.

 

2. Pre-Clearance: All employees must obtain prior approval from the CCO (or a member of Cliffwater’s executive management in the case of the CCO) for the following restricted personal securities transactions prior to executing the personal trade:

 

Initial Public Offerings (IPO);

 

Privately placed securities / funds;

 

Securities issued by a Cliffwater client;

 

Shares issued by Reportable Funds; and

 

Any other securities placed on a restricted list and advised to employees.

 

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Cliffwater will issue a restricted list each quarter, or more frequently as necessary, including the names of Cliffwater clients, Reportable Funds, and any other restricted securities that require pre-clearance.

 

3. Front-Running or Scalping: Employees are not permitted to “front-run” any securities transaction of a client or Cliffwater, or to “scalp” by making securities recommendations for clients with the intent of personally profiting from personal holdings of or transactions in the same or related securities.

 

V. Identification of Securities Accounts and Reports of Securities Holdings

 

Cliffwater has adopted the following procedures concerning the identification of “Securities Accounts,” as defined below, and the pre-clearance of transactions in, and the reporting requirements for, “Employee-Related Accounts,” as defined below.

 

A. Identification of Securities Accounts

 

Because Cliffwater must monitor the personal securities transactions of its employees and the members of each employee’s Immediate Family, the CCO must be made aware immediately of all brokerage or trading account openings, changes, or closures as described below.

 

Within 10 days of becoming an employee of Cliffwater, each new Cliffwater employee is required to provide to the CCO in writing on the ‘Notification of Securities Account(s)’ form a listing of the existence of all of his or her personal securities brokerage or trading accounts as to which he or she or a member of his or her Immediate Family has “beneficial ownership” (each, a “Securities Account”), along with information concerning (i) the name and number of each Securities Account; and (ii) the name and address of the broker-dealer or financial institution at which each Securities Account is maintained.

 

The following accounts are exempt from being reported as Securities Accounts:

 

Accounts established solely to hold or transact in mutual funds; and

 

Blind trusts (which are typically a legal arrangement in which a trustee manages funds for the benefit of somebody who has no knowledge of the specific management actions taken by the trustee and no right to intervene).

 

Each existing Cliffwater employee must notify the CCO of all openings, changes and closures of his or her Securities Accounts as follows:

 

A Cliffwater employee wishing to open a new Securities Account may do so, but must immediately provide to the CCO in writing on the ‘Notification of Securities Account(s)’ form a listing of the new Securities Account.

 

If the account set up information of the Securities Account of a Cliffwater employee changes ( e.g. , a change to the name on the account or the account number), the employee must immediately provide to the CCO in writing an updated ‘Notification of Securities Account(s)’ form.

 

Once a Securities Account has been closed, the Cliffwater employee must immediately notify the CCO.

 

In addition, on an annual basis, each Cliffwater employee is required to provide an annual report of his or her Securities Accounts.

 

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Although Cliffwater employees are required to identify all Securities Accounts to the CCO, pre-clearance of securities transactions and other reporting requirements apply only to “Employee-Related Accounts.” An Employee-Related Account of a Cliffwater employee is any Securities Account of the employee, excluding any Securities Account of the employee over which neither the employee nor any member of the employee’s Immediate Family exercises any control or influence.

 

With respect to any Securities Account of a Cliffwater employee for which exclusive discretionary investment authority has been delegated to a third party ( e.g. , a third-party trustee or a third-party manager), Cliffwater has implemented the following controls in order to establish a reasonable belief that neither the employee nor any member of the employee’s Immediate Family exercises any control or influence over the Securities Account:

 

The employee will be required to provide the CCO with information about the employee’s relationship with the third party ( e.g. , independent professional versus friend or relative).

 

Upon the CCO being notified of the Securities Account (either in connection with a new employee being hired or an existing employee opening a new Securities Account) and periodically thereafter, the employee will be required to certify that he or she does not (i) have discretion over, or directly or indirectly influence or control, the securities transactions within the Securities Account, (ii) suggest or direct any particular transactions to the third party with respect to the Securities Account, or (iii) consult with the third party regarding the particular allocation of investments in the Securities Account.

 

The CCO may request that the third party provide certifications similar to the certifications made by the employee.

 

B. Pre-Clearance of Securities Transactions in Employee-Related Accounts

 

No employee or member of an employee’s Immediate Family may place an order for the purchase or sale of any IPO, privately placed security / fund, securities issued by a client, Reportable Fund, or other securities placed on a restricted list for an Employee-Related Account until the CCO has approved the transaction in accordance with the procedures below.

 

Any employee or member of an employee’s Immediate Family wishing to enter into such a securities transaction in an Employee-Related Account must submit a completed and signed “Pre-Clearance of Securities Transactions in Employee-Related Accounts” request (the “Pre-Clearance Request”) to the CCO on or before the date of the proposed transaction. This Pre-Clearance Request must contain the following information (i) the name and telephone number of the employee requesting pre-clearance; (ii) the name, ticker and type of the security subject to the proposed transaction; (iii) the number of shares or the face amount of the security subject to the proposed transaction; (iv) the nature of the transaction ( i.e. , purchase, sale, or other type of acquisition or disposition); (v) the proposed transaction date; (vi) the name and number of the account in which the transaction is to be effected; (vii) an indication of whether the account is in the name of the employee or a related person and, if it is in the name of a related person, the employee’s relationship to that person; (viii) the name of the broker-dealer or financial institution proposed to execute the transaction; and (ix) a representation that to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, and after due inquiry, the employee is not in possession of any material, non-public information concerning the security proposed to be bought or sold, and this Code does not otherwise prohibit the proposed transaction.

 

The CCO will review each Pre-Clearance Request to ensure that it is complete and signed. Once the CCO determines that the request for pre-clearance is in proper form, he or she will (i) consult with other executive officers as required to determine whether the proposed transaction raises any potential conflicts of interest or other issues; and (ii) complete, date, and sign the Pre-Clearance Request with an approval or denial. Any preclearance given will remain in effect for 48 hours.

 

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The CCO will base his or her decision to approve or disapprove a Pre-Clearance Request on the following factors (i) the general policies set forth in this section; (ii) the requirements under federal and state laws, rules, and regulations as they may apply to the proposed transaction; (iii) the timing of the proposed transaction in relation to transactions or contemplated transactions for the account of any clients; and (iv) the nature of the securities and the parties involved in the proposed transaction. In addition, the CCO will generally approve a Pre-Clearance Request to buy or sell publicly-listed BDC securities to the extent such purchase or sale does not exceed the lesser of (i) $50,000 and (ii) 1% of the 10-day average trading volume of the BDC’s securities.

 

C. Reporting and Other Requirements Applicable to Employee-Related Accounts

 

In addition to the ‘Notification of Securities Account(s) form described above in Section V.A, within 10 days of becoming an employee of Cliffwater, each new Cliffwater employee is required to provide to the CCO in writing an initial disclosure listing of personal securities holdings held by the individual and/or Immediate Family members in his or her Employee-Related Accounts (‘Report of Initial Disclosure of Personal Securities Holdings’ form), or copies of brokerage statements that contain the list of securities holdings.

 

Annually thereafter, each Cliffwater employee is required to provide an annual report of all securities held in his or her Employee-Related Accounts and an annual certification of compliance with this Code and adherence to policies and procedures in Cliffwater’s Compliance Manual.

 

In addition, within 30 days of the end of each quarter, each Cliffwater employee must file a quarterly personal securities transaction report that reports all securities transactions in his or her Employee-Related Account during the preceding quarter. The report includes trade dates, transaction types, names, tickers, types of securities, quantities, prices, principal amounts, name of broker dealers / banks, and a certification that the reported transactions are not prohibited and that pre-clearance, if required, was obtained. In lieu of filing a quarterly personal securities transaction report, employees can choose to provide duplicate transaction confirmations and periodic account statements to Cliffwater from the firms that hold their Employee-Related Accounts. If an employee wishes to use this alternative method of meeting its reporting obligations, he or she should notify the CCO.

 

VI. Protection of Confidential Information Concerning Client Recommendations or Advice

 

Cliffwater seeks to limit access to Advisory Information to those of Cliffwater’s employees who have a legitimate need to know that information. Accordingly, in handling Advisory Information, employees shall take appropriate measures to protect the confidentiality of this information. Specifically, employees shall refrain from:

 

Disclosing Advisory Information to anyone outside of Cliffwater, or even to another Cliffwater employee, unless there is a valid purpose and under circumstances that make it reasonable to believe that the information will not be misused or improperly disclosed by the recipient; and

 

Engaging in any transactions or recommending or suggesting that any person (other than a Cliffwater client) engage in any transactions in any security to which the Advisory Information relates.

 

VII. Monitoring Compliance with Insider Trading and Tipping Policies and Procedures

 

The CCO, or an employee designated by the CCO to assist the CCO, shall review employee quarterly personal securities transaction reports, duplicate transaction confirmations and periodic account statements, and periodic listings of holdings. This review is designed to (i) ensure the propriety of the employee trading activity; (ii) avoid possible conflict situations; and (iii) identify transactions that may violate the prohibitions regarding insider trading and manipulative and deceptive devices contained in the federal and state securities laws and SEC rules.

 

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The materials reviewed will be kept confidential, but Cliffwater’s executive management or compliance personnel, the SEC, and other governmental bodies authorized by law may inspect these materials. The CCO shall report immediately to the Chief Executive Officer any findings of possible irregularity or impropriety.

 

VIII. Gifts and Entertainment

 

Conflicts may occur if employees receive gifts or entertainment in connection with their employment at Cliffwater. Therefore, Cliffwater has adopted the following gift and entertainment policies.

 

No employee or member of an employee’s Immediate Family may solicit or accept from an outside party that does business or competes with Cliffwater or does business with Cliffwater clients as an investment manager or investment services provider any gift, loan, or entertainment that could reasonably be expected to create, or that provides the appearance of creating, a conflict of interest, subject to the policies below:

 

Gifts and entertainment with a business purpose may be accepted as long as such gifts or entertainment are of nominal value. Nominal value is defined as a value of $50 dollars or less . Any accepted gifts are to be reported to the CCO by all employees and will be documented on Cliffwater’s gift log. Any entertainment provided by or given to third parties that do business with Cliffwater is to be reported to the CCO by all employees and will be documented on Cliffwater’s gift log, unless such entertainment has a business purpose and is attended by the party providing the entertainment. Employees are prohibited from participating in entertainment that may be considered uncustomary or excessive.

 

Meals and entertainment ( e.g. , sporting event) that have a business purpose and are attended by the party providing the meals and entertainment are permitted and do not need to be reported to the CCO or documented on Cliffwater’s gift log. No form of compensation from outside parties may be accepted. Compensation includes any direct compensation as well as any reimbursement or payment of transportation or hotel expenses for personal or business trips.

 

Employees or members of their Immediate Families are not prohibited from obtaining loans or purchasing investment products made or provided in the ordinary course of business or other goods or services (on the same terms as are available generally to public customers) from banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies or other financial and investment institutions that may have relationships with Cliffwater or its clients.

 

Any questions or concerns about accepting gifts, entertainment, compensation or loans should be directed to the CCO.

 

IX. Interaction with Foreign Officials

 

The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) prohibits individuals and companies from corruptly making or authorizing an offer, payment or promise to pay anything of value to a foreign official 1 for the purpose of influencing an official act or decision in order to obtain or retain business. The FCPA applies to all foreign officials and all employees of state-owned enterprises. Each Cliffwater employee, as well as any agent, representative, business partner, consultant or contractor of Cliffwater, is prohibited from making or offering to make any payment to or for the benefit of any foreign official if the purpose of such payment is to improperly influence or induce that foreign official to obtain or retain business for Cliffwater (a so-called bribe or kickback). However, facilitating payments are not included within this prohibition. Facilitating payments are small payments made to low-level government officials to expedite or secure performance of a non-discretionary, routine government action. Determining what is a facilitating payment is a legal determination that, if made incorrectly, could expose Cliffwater to criminal prosecution. Therefore, obtaining the written approval from the CCO is mandatory before making any facilitating payment. All other payments, whether large or small, are prohibited if they are, in essence, bribes or kickbacks, including cash payments, gifts, entertainment, services, and amenities.

 

 

1 A “foreign official” includes: any officer or employee of or person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of a foreign government or any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, or of a public international organization; any employee or official of any court system, government regulatory or financial bodies, state-owned or controlled enterprises, and sovereign wealth funds; and foreign political parties and candidates for office.

 

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Under the FCPA, both Cliffwater and its individual employees can be criminally liable for payments made to agents or intermediaries “knowing” that some portion of those payments will be passed on to (or offered to) a foreign official. The knowledge element required is not limited to actual knowledge, but includes “consciously avoiding” the high probability that a third party representing Cliffwater will make or offer improper payments to a foreign official. Investment advisers that engage foreign agents are expected to be attuned to any “red flags” in connection with the transaction, which may include:

 

The foreign country’s reputation for corruption;

 

Requests by a foreign agent for offshore or other unusual payment methods;

 

Refusal of a foreign agent to certify that it will not make payments that would be unlawful under the FCPA;

 

An apparent lack of qualifications;

 

Non-existent or non-transparent accounting standards; and

 

Whether the foreign agent comes recommended or “required” by a government official.

 

Sanctions for violating the FCPA may include fines and jail terms. Any payment or anything else of value given to a foreign official must be pre-approved by the CCO.

 

X. Political Contributions

 

The SEC and various states have established regulations and/or laws regarding political contributions to officials which may be in a position to influence the choice of a service provider. In order to ensure that Cliffwater and its employees abide by applicable regulations and laws, the following political contributions policy applies to all employees:

 

A. Contributions

 

Contributions to Federal office candidates. No pre-approval or reporting is required for employees’ political contributions (up to applicable federal legal limits) to any candidate for President, Vice-President, U.S. Senate, or U.S. House of Representatives. The exception to this is for contributions to candidates for President, Vice-President, U.S. Senate or U.S. House of Representatives who are currently holding state or local public office. The rule below for state and local candidates applies in that case.

 

Contributions to State and Local office candidates and PACs. Both pre-approval by and periodic reporting to the CCO is required for any political contributions made by Cilffwater, any employee, any member of an employee’s Immediate Family to any officeholder or candidate for state or local public office, or to any Political Action Committee (“PAC”), or to any person collecting contributions for an officeholder, candidate for public office, or to any PAC. Political contributions include not only cash, but also in-kind donations, such as free office space.

 

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Political contributions to an official or candidate for office made in violation of this policy may cause Cliffwater to be unable to collect advisory fees from a government entity with whom the official or candidate is affiliated.

 

The regulations permit political contributions to state or local public office holders or candidates, or PACs under the following circumstances, and therefore the CCO will generally approve the following requested political contributions:

 

An employee or any member of his or her Immediate Family may make political contributions of up to $350 in the aggregate to any one official per election, if the employee or the member of his or her Immediate Family is entitled to vote for the official.

 

An employee or any member of his or her Immediate Family may make political contributions of up to $150 in the aggregate to any one official per election, if the employee or the member of his or her Immediate Family is not entitled to vote for the official.

 

An employee or any member of his or her Immediate Family may make political contributions (up to applicable campaign contributions laws) to any PAC, so long as (i) the PAC is not controlled by Cliffwater or by any of its employees; and (ii) the PAC is broad-based, i.e. , it was not formed for the purpose of, and/or does not give money to or support, only a few state and/or local officials or candidates. GOPAC and Emily’s List are examples of broad-based PACs. Contributions to a narrowly-focused PAC would raise questions as to whether the covered employee or any member of his or her Immediate Family was attempting to do indirectly what he or she could not do directly.

 

Any requested political contributions to state or local public office holders or candidates, or PACs that do not fall under the limitations described above may cause Cliffwater to be unable to collect advisory fees from a government entity with whom the office holder or candidate is affiliated. Neither Cliffwater nor any employee may solicit or coordinate contributions by others to state or local officials or candidates or payments to political parties in cases where Cliffwater is providing or seeking government business.

 

If an employee makes a contribution without prior approval or discovers that any member of his or her Immediate Family has made a contribution without prior approval, the employee must report this to the CCO immediately, so that Cliffwater may determine if it can remediate the violation.

 

Cliffwater will solicit information on political contributions periodically. Employees are expected to request approval during the year for contributions to state and local candidates and PACs.

 

B. Other Political Activities

 

This policy covers only contributions and fundraising activities and does not prevent Cliffwater or its employees from expressing support for candidates in other ways, such as volunteering time to a campaign, making speeches, attending rallies, and writing letters of support.

 

C. New Employee Disclosure

 

New employees must disclose during the hiring process their political contributions and those of the members of their Immediate Family beginning with contributions for the two year period prior to their date of employment, so that Cliffwater may evaluate the effect of the contributions on Cliffwater’s compliance obligations prior to commencement of employment.

 

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D. Third Party Solicitors

 

Cliffwater and its employees are prohibited from compensating, or agreeing to compensate, directly or indirectly, any person to solicit government clients for investment advisory services on Cliffwater’s behalf, unless the person is, or is employed by, an SEC-registered investment adviser or broker-dealer.

 

E. Record Keeping

 

Cliffwater will maintain records necessary to demonstrate adherence to this policy, including records evidencing any approved political contributions and copies of all employee reports of past political contributions.

 

XI. Outside Business Activities

 

No employee shall be employed by, or accept any remuneration from, or perform any services (including serving as a director, board member, or investment committee member of an organization, trustee, or general partner of a partnership), for any person or entity, other than Cliffwater or any affiliate, unless pre-approved in writing by the CCO. “Membership” in not-for-profit, charitable, religious, educational or philanthropic organizations, does not require approval. However, sitting on the board or on a financial / investment committee of such organizations does require approval.

 

In no event should any employee have any outside employment or outside activities that might cause embarrassment to or jeopardize the interests of Cliffwater, interfere with Cliffwater’s operations, or adversely affect his or her productivity or that of other employees. Employees are expected to devote their full time and efforts during business hours to the interests of Cliffwater. No employee may engage, directly or indirectly, in any business transaction or arrangement for personal profit that (i) accrues from or is based upon his relationship as an employee or upon confidential information gained by reason of such relationship; or (ii) accept any outside employment or perform outside activities that would interfere with his or her duties as an employee.

 

In all instances, employees must maintain the confidentiality of information learned as an employee of Cliffwater, including information pertaining to investments and recommendations and information about Cliffwater’s clients, and consider potential conflicts of interest in favor of Cliffwater clients.

 

Each employee must notify the CCO in writing of his or her intent to engage in an outside activity. This notice should specify the name of the organization, the nature of the duties and the hours of work, among others. The factors that the CCO would take into consideration when determining whether or not to approve an activity include, but are not limited to:

 

whether the activity would create an actual or potential conflict of interest between the employee’s position at Cliffwater and the proposed activity;

 

the purpose of the organization with which the employee wants to be affiliated;

 

whether the organization or company is related to a financial, securities or similar business (including, but not limited to, broker-dealers and investment companies);

 

whether the employee will be receiving compensation for the activity;

 

the position the employee plans to hold;

 

whether the amount of time and effort the employee will spend on the outside activity may compromise the employee’s ability to perform his or her job; and

 

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whether there is a risk that the company may be perceived by others as associated or affiliated with the outside activity.

 

As a general matter, the CCO will not approve outside employment with any investment adviser, broker-dealer, bank, insurance or re-insurance company or other financial or investment institution with which Cliffwater or its affiliates may compete, or have, or seek a business relationship for itself or on behalf of its clients.

 

The request to participate in an outside business activity will be approved or denied promptly by the CCO. If the CCO denies the request, the employee may not participate in the activity or employment in any manner.

 

Employees should promptly notify the CCO in writing of any changes in the scope of the outside activities by submitting a new written request, as applicable.

 

The CCO will send out periodic requests for information on any outside business activities, including board seats or outside investment committee memberships. Any employee responses indicating unreported outside activities will be reviewed by the CCO to determine whether the employee will be required to terminate the previously unreported activity pursuant to these procedures. The CCO will maintain a list of all employees who have outside business activities.

 

XII. Miscellaneous

 

A. Importance of Adherence to Procedures

 

It is very important that all employees adhere strictly to this Code. Any violations may result in serious sanctions, including termination of employment and dismissal from Cliffwater.

 

B. Circulation/Certification of Receipt of Code

 

Each new employee receives a copy of this Code and signs an acknowledgement of his or her receipt and understanding of it. In addition, any amendment to this Code will be circulated to all employees and each employee will sign an annual certification of his or her compliance with this Code.

 

C. Retention of Records

 

Cliffwater shall retain all documents produced by the CCO as required by this Code and all documents required to be submitted by employees under this Code, including all duplicate confirmations and any documents referred to or incorporated therein, as part of the books and records required by the Advisers Act and the rules thereunder.

 

D. Questions

 

Any questions regarding this Code should be referred to the CCO.

 

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