AS FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON AUGUST 29, 2019
File No. 033-42484
File No. 811-06400
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE | ||
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ||
POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 316 | /X/ | |
AND | ||
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE | ||
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ||
AMENDMENT NO. 317 | /X/ |
THE ADVISORS’ INNER CIRCLE FUND
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
One Freedom Valley Drive
Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)
1-800-932-7781
(Registrant’s Telephone Number)
Michael Beattie
c/o SEI Investments
One Freedom Valley Drive
Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copy to:
Sean Graber, Esquire | Dianne M. Descoteaux, Esquire |
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP | c/o SEI Investments |
1701 Market Street | One Freedom Valley Drive |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 | Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456 |
It is proposed that this filing become effective (check appropriate box)
/ / | Immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) | ||
/X/ | On September 3, 2019 pursuant to paragraph (b) | ||
/ / | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | ||
/ / | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) | ||
/ / | On [date] pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 485 |
The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund
Westwood SmallCap Fund
Ticker Symbol: WHGAX
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund
Ticker Symbol: WWIAX
A Class Shares Prospectus
September 3, 2019
Investment Adviser:
Westwood Management Corp.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved
these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this Prospectus.
Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Beginning on March 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of a Fund’s shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from the Fund or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.
If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from a Fund electronically by contacting your financial intermediary.
You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can follow the instructions included with this disclosure, if applicable, or you can contact your financial intermediary to inform it that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with a Fund, you can inform a Fund that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports by calling 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944). Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with your financial intermediary if you invest through a financial intermediary or all Westwood Funds if you invest directly with a Fund.
About This Prospectus |
This Prospectus has been arranged into different sections so that you can easily review this important information. For detailed information about each Fund, please see:
Page |
|
How to Obtain More Information about the Funds | Back Cover |
Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers | Appendix A |
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
The investment objective of the Westwood SmallCap Fund (the “Fund”) is to seek long-term capital appreciation.
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold A Class Shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available (i) from your financial professional and (ii) in the section “Sales Charges” on page 31 of this Prospectus. Investors investing in the Fund through an intermediary should consult Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers, which includes information regarding broker-defined sales charges and related discount and/or waiver policies that apply to purchases through certain intermediaries.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
A Class Shares |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
3.00% |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of net asset value) |
None1 |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and Other Distributions (as a percentage of offering price) |
None |
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable) |
None |
1 |
A Class Shares purchases of $250,000 or more may be subject to a 1.00% Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) if redeemed within 18 months of purchase. |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
A Class Shares |
|
Management Fees |
0.85% |
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.25% |
Other Expenses |
0.10% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
1.20% |
Less Fee Reductions and/or Expense Reimbursements1 |
(0.16)% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Reductions and/or Expense Reimbursements |
1.04% |
1 |
Westwood Management Corp. (the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to reduce fees and reimburse expenses in order to keep Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses for A Class Shares (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses (collectively, “excluded expenses”)) from exceeding 1.04% of the Fund’s A Class Shares’ average daily net assets until February 28, 2021. In addition, the Adviser may receive from the Fund the difference between the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (not including excluded expenses) and the expense cap to recoup all or a portion of its prior fee reductions or expense reimbursements made during the three-year period preceding the recoupment if at any point Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (not including excluded expenses) are below the expense cap (i) at the time of the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement and |
1
(ii) at the time of the recoupment. This Agreement may be terminated: (i) by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund (the “Trust”), for any reason at any time; or (ii) by the Adviser, upon ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the Trust, effective as of the close of business on February 28, 2021.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses (including capped expenses for the period described in the footnote to the fee table) remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
$403 |
$638 |
$909 |
$1,681 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual Fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During its most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 50% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in equity securities of small-cap companies. This investment policy may be changed by the Fund upon 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders. The Fund considers small-cap companies to be those companies within the market capitalization range of the Russell 2000 Index at the time of initial purchase. While the market capitalization range of the Russell 2000 Index changes throughout the year, as of the most recent annual reconstitution of the index on June 29, 2019, the market capitalization range of the companies in the index was between $39.7 million and $10.24 billion. The equity securities in which the Fund invests are primarily common stocks, but may also include shares of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), royalty trusts, and master limited partnerships (“MLPs”). The Fund generally invests in securities of domestic companies, but may also invest in equity securities of foreign companies and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). In the event the Fund invests in foreign securities and ADRs, the Adviser expects that the Fund’s investment in such securities would normally represent less than 25% of the Fund’s assets.
The Fund invests in approximately 50-70 securities that are well diversified among market sectors. The Adviser selects securities for the Fund that it believes are currently undervalued in the market and offer an attractive opportunity for price appreciation coupled with downside risk limitation. Key metrics for evaluating the risk/return profile of an investment may include strong free cash flow, an improving return on equity, a strengthening balance sheet and, in the case of common equities, positive earnings surprises without a corresponding change in the stock price. The Adviser has disciplines in place that serve as sell signals, such as a security reaching a predetermined price target, a change to a company’s fundamentals that makes the risk/return profile unattractive, or
2
a need to improve the overall risk/return profile of the Fund. The Adviser will not necessarily sell a security that has appreciated or depreciated outside the Fund’s target capitalization range.
As with all mutual funds, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. You could lose money by investing in the Fund. A Fund share is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The principal risk factors affecting shareholders’ investments in the Fund are set forth below.
Equity Risk – Since it purchases equity securities, the Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Historically, the equity markets have moved in cycles, and the value of the Fund’s equity securities may fluctuate drastically from day to day. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response. These factors contribute to price volatility, which is the principal risk of investing in the Fund.
Small-Capitalization Company Risk – The small-capitalization companies in which the Fund will invest may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies. In particular, investments in these small-sized companies may pose additional risks, including liquidity risk, because these companies tend to have limited product lines, markets and financial resources, and may depend upon a relatively small management group. Therefore, small-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies. These securities may be traded over-the-counter or listed on an exchange.
Investment Style Risk – The Fund pursues a “value style” of investing. Value investing focuses on companies with stocks that appear undervalued in light of factors such as the company’s earnings, book value, revenues or cash flow. If the Adviser’s assessment of market conditions, or a company’s value or its prospects for exceeding earnings expectations is inaccurate, the Fund could suffer losses or produce poor performance relative to other funds. In addition, “value stocks” can continue to be undervalued by the market for long periods of time.
REIT Risk – REITs are pooled investment vehicles that own, and usually operate, income-producing real estate. REITs are susceptible to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, such as the following: declines in property values; increases in property taxes, operating expenses, interest rates or competition; overbuilding; zoning changes; and losses from casualty or condemnation. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those of the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund’s investments in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. REIT operating expenses are not reflected in the fee table and example in this Prospectus.
Royalty Trust Risk – The Fund may invest in royalty trusts. A royalty trust generally acquires an interest in natural resource companies and distributes the income it receives to the investors of the royalty trust. A sustained decline in demand for crude oil, natural gas and refined petroleum products could adversely affect income and royalty trust revenues and cash flows. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an increase in the market price of the underlying commodity, higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or a shift in consumer demand for such products. A rising interest rate environment could adversely impact the performance of royalty trusts. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation of royalty trusts because of the increased availability of alternative investments at more competitive yields. The Fund’s investment in royalty trusts may result in the
3
layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the royalty trusts’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. Royalty trust operating expenses are not reflected in the fee table and example in the Prospectus.
MLP Risk – MLPs are limited partnerships in which the ownership units are publicly traded. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to oil and gas industries or other natural resources, but they also may finance other projects. To the extent that an MLP’s interests are all in a particular industry, the MLP will be negatively impacted by economic events adversely impacting that industry. Additional risks of investing in an MLP also include those involved in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is often less restrictive than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded to investors in a MLP than investors in a corporation. For example, investors in MLPs may have limited voting rights or be liable under certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of their investment. In addition, MLPs may be subject to state taxation in certain jurisdictions which will have the effect of reducing the amount of income paid by the MLP to its investors.
Foreign Company Risk – Investing in foreign companies, including direct investments and through ADRs, which are traded on U.S. exchanges and represent an ownership interest in a foreign security, poses additional risks since political and economic events unique to a country or region will affect those markets and their issuers. These risks will not necessarily affect the U.S. economy or similar issuers located in the United States. Securities of foreign companies may not be registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and foreign companies are generally not subject to the regulatory controls imposed on U.S. issuers and, as a consequence, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign securities than is available about domestic securities. Income from foreign securities owned by the Fund may be reduced by a withholding tax at the source, which tax would reduce income received from the securities comprising the Fund’s portfolio. Foreign securities may also be more difficult to value than securities of U.S. issuers. While ADRs provide an alternative to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their respective national markets and currencies, investments in ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
Foreign Currency Risk – As a result of the Fund’s investments in securities or other investments denominated in, and/or receiving revenues in, foreign currencies, the Fund will be subject to currency risk. Currency risk is the risk that foreign currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, in which case, the dollar value of an investment in the Fund would be adversely affected.
ETF Risk – ETFs are pooled investment vehicles, such as registered investment companies and grantor trusts, whose shares are listed and traded on U.S. stock exchanges or otherwise traded in the over-the-counter market. To the extent that the Fund invests in ETFs, the Fund will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of the securities comprising the index on which the ETF is based and the value of the Fund’s investment will fluctuate in response to the performance of the underlying index. ETFs typically incur fees that are separate from those of the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund’s investments in ETFs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the ETFs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. Because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, shares may trade at a discount or premium to their net asset value and the Adviser may not be able to liquidate the Fund’s holdings at the most optimal time, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
4
The bar chart and the performance table below illustrate the risks and volatility of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year to year for the past 10 years and by showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns for 1, 5 and 10 years and since inception compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. The bar chart figures do not include sales charges. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower.
A Class Shares of the Fund have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus. Consequently, the bar chart shows the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares and the performance table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund’s Institutional Shares to those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund’s Institutional Shares are offered in a separate prospectus. A Class Shares of the Fund would have substantially similar performance as Institutional Shares because the shares are invested in the same portfolio of securities and the annual returns would differ only to the extent that the expenses of A Class Shares are higher than the expenses of Institutional Shares and, therefore, returns for the A Class Shares would be lower than those of the Institutional Shares.
Of course, the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.westwoodfunds.com or by calling 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
BEST QUARTER |
WORST QUARTER |
19.36% |
(21.02)% |
(12/31/2011) |
(09/30/2011) |
The performance information shown above is based on a calendar year. The Fund’s Institutional Shares’ performance from 1/1/19 to 6/30/19 was 21.19%.
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2018
This table compares the Fund’s average annual total returns (after applicable sales charges) for the periods ended December 31, 2018 to those of an appropriate broad-based index.
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to
5
investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”).
Returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than before-tax returns when a net capital loss occurs upon the redemption of Fund shares.
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
Since Inception
|
Fund Returns Before Taxes |
(16.74)% |
3.68% |
11.96% |
6.16% |
Fund Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
(18.20)% |
2.45% |
10.81% |
5.21% |
Fund Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
(11.03)% |
2.54% |
9.87% |
4.81% |
Russell 2000 Value Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
(12.86)% |
3.61% |
10.40% |
4.58% |
For information about related performance, please see the “Related Performance Data of the Adviser” section of the Prospectus.
Westwood Management Corp.
Mr. William Costello, CFA, Senior Vice President, Senior Research Analyst, has managed the Fund since 2010.
Mr. Matthew Lockridge, Senior Vice President, Research Analyst, has managed the Fund since 2010.
Mr. Fred G. Rowsey, CFA, Vice President, Research Analyst, has managed the Fund since 2013.
For important information about the purchase and sale of Fund shares, taxes and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to “Summary Information about the Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares, Taxes and Financial Intermediary Compensation” on page 14 of the Prospectus.
6
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
The primary investment objective of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund (the “Fund”) is to provide current income. A secondary objective of the Fund is to provide the opportunity for long-term capital appreciation.
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold A Class Shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available (i) from your financial professional and (ii) in the section “Sales Charges” on page 31 of this Prospectus. Investors investing in the Fund through an intermediary should consult Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers, which includes information regarding broker-defined sales charges and related discount and/or waiver policies that apply to purchases through certain intermediaries.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
A Class Shares |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
3.00% |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of net asset value) |
None1 |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and Other Distributions (as a percentage of offering price) |
None |
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable) |
None |
1 |
A Class Shares purchases of $250,000 or more made on or after September 3, 2019 may be subject to a 1.00% Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) if redeemed within 18 months of purchase. |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
A Class Shares |
|
Management Fees |
0.75% |
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.25% |
Other Expenses |
0.08% |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses |
0.02% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1,2 |
1.10% |
1 |
The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses in this fee table do not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s Financial Highlights because the Financial Highlights include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund, and exclude Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. |
2 |
Westwood Management Corp. (the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to reduce fees and reimburse expenses in order to keep Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses for A Class Shares (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, and extraordinary expenses (collectively, “excluded expenses”)) from exceeding 1.15% of the Fund’s A Class Shares’ average daily net assets until February 28, 2021. In addition, the Adviser may receive from the Fund the difference between the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (not including excluded expenses) and the expense cap to recoup all or a portion of its prior fee reductions or expense reimbursements made during |
7
the three-year period preceding the recoupment if at any point Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (not including excluded expenses) are below the expense cap (i) at the time of the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement and (ii) at the time of the recoupment. This Agreement may be terminated: (i) by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund (the “Trust”), for any reason at any time; or (ii) by the Adviser, upon ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the Trust, effective as of the close of business on February 28, 2021.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
$409 |
$639 |
$888 |
$1,600 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual Fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During its most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 42% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to meet its investment objectives by investing generally more than 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in dividend-paying and/or interest-bearing securities. By utilizing income-producing securities from diverse asset classes, the Fund also seeks to maintain a lower volatility profile than traditional equity-only products. The Fund aims to invest in securities of companies with a strong and improving cash flow sufficient to support a sustainable or rising income stream for investors. In selecting securities for the Fund, the Adviser chooses among a diversified group of income-producing asset classes. Equity securities may include dividend-paying common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities and warrants. Fixed income securities may include bonds and other debt securities, and money market instruments. Other types of income-producing securities may include interests in royalty trusts and master limited partnerships (“MLPs”), securities of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), and shares of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). The Fund generally invests in securities of domestic companies, but may also invest in securities of foreign companies and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). In the event the Fund invests in foreign securities and ADRs, the Adviser expects that the Fund’s investments in such securities would normally represent less than 25% of the Fund’s assets.
The Fund is permitted to invest in companies of any capitalization range. The Fund’s fixed income investments are, in the aggregate, of investment grade (i.e., those rated in one of the three highest rating categories by a rating agency), but may at times include securities rated below investment grade (high yield or “junk” bonds). In addition, the Fund’s fixed income securities may include unrated securities, if deemed by the Adviser to be of comparable quality to investment grade.
8
The Fund seeks to provide a higher level of current income than that offered by traditional fixed income products such as U.S. government bonds and money market securities. The Adviser’s investment process incorporates relative value analysis among capital instruments, as well as among asset classes, to determine where downside potential can be limited to achieve the goal of generating an attractive level of current income along with capital appreciation. Key metrics for evaluating the risk/return profile of an investment may include strong free cash flow, an improving return on equity, a strengthening balance sheet and, in the case of common equities, positive earnings surprises without a corresponding change in the stock price. The Adviser has disciplines in place that serve as sell signals, such as a security reaching a predetermined price target, a change to a company’s fundamentals that makes the risk/return profile unattractive, or a need to improve the overall risk/return profile of the Fund.
As with all mutual funds, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. You could lose money by investing in the Fund. A Fund share is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The principal risk factors affecting shareholders’ investments in the Fund are set forth below.
Equity Risk – Since it purchases equity securities, the Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Historically, the equity markets have moved in cycles, and the value of the Fund’s equity securities may fluctuate drastically from day to day. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response.
Fixed Income Risk – Fixed income securities are subject to a number of risks, including credit and interest rate risks. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer or obligor will not make timely payments of principal and interest. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The Fund is subject to greater levels of credit risk to the extent it holds below investment grade debt securities, or “junk bonds.” Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a fixed income security will fall when interest rates rise. In general, the longer the maturity and the lower the credit quality of a fixed income security, the more likely its value will decline. Risks associated with rising interest rates are heightened given that the Federal Reserve has begun to raise the federal funds rate.
High Yield Bond Risk – High yield bonds (often called “junk bonds”) are debt securities rated below investment grade. Junk bonds are speculative, involve greater risks of default, downgrade, or price declines and are more volatile and tend to be less liquid than investment-grade securities. Companies issuing high yield bonds are less financially strong, are more likely to encounter financial difficulties, and are more vulnerable to adverse market events and negative sentiments than companies with higher credit ratings.
Large-Capitalization Company Risk – The large capitalization companies in which the Fund may invest may lag the performance of smaller capitalization companies because large capitalization companies may experience slower rates of growth than smaller capitalization companies and may not respond as quickly to market changes and opportunities.
Small- and Mid-Capitalization Company Risk – The small- and mid-capitalization companies in which the Fund may invest may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies. In particular, investments in these small- and mid-sized companies may pose additional risks, including liquidity risk, because these companies tend to
9
have limited product lines, markets and financial resources, and may depend upon a relatively small management group. Therefore, small- and mid-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies. These securities may be traded over-the-counter or listed on an exchange.
Micro-Capitalization Company Risk – Micro-capitalization companies may be newly formed or in the early stages of development with limited product lines, markets or financial resources. Therefore, micro-capitalization companies may be less financially secure than large-, mid- and small- capitalization companies and may be more vulnerable to key personnel losses due to reliance on a smaller number of management personnel. In addition, there may be less public information available about these companies. Micro-cap stock prices may be more volatile than large-, mid- and small- capitalization companies and such stocks may be more thinly traded and thus difficult for the Fund to buy and sell in the market.
Warrants Risk – Warrants in which the Fund may invest are instruments that entitle the holder to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Warrants may be more speculative than other types of investments. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and an investment in a warrant may therefore create greater potential for capital loss than an investment in the underlying security. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date.
Convertible Securities Risk – The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates (with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline) and the credit standing of the issuer. The price of a convertible security will also normally vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of the conversion or exercise feature.
REIT Risk – REITs are pooled investment vehicles that own, and usually operate, income-producing real estate. REITs are susceptible to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, such as the following: declines in property values; increases in property taxes, operating expenses, interest rates or competition; overbuilding; zoning changes; and losses from casualty or condemnation. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those of the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund’s investments in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. REIT operating expenses are not reflected in the fee table and example in this Prospectus.
Royalty Trust Risk – The Fund may invest in royalty trusts. A royalty trust generally acquires an interest in natural resource companies and distributes the income it receives to the investors of the royalty trust. A sustained decline in demand for crude oil, natural gas and refined petroleum products could adversely affect income and royalty trust revenues and cash flows. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an increase in the market price of the underlying commodity, higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or a shift in consumer demand for such products. A rising interest rate environment could adversely impact the performance of royalty trusts. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation of royalty trusts because of the increased availability of alternative investments at more competitive yields. The Fund’s investment in royalty trusts may result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the royalty trusts’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. Royalty trust operating expenses are not reflected in the fee table and example in the Prospectus.
MLP Risk – MLPs are limited partnerships in which the ownership units are publicly traded. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to oil and gas industries or other natural resources, but they also may finance other projects. To the extent that an MLP’s interests are all in a particular industry, the MLP will be negatively impacted by economic
10
events adversely impacting that industry. Additional risks of investing in an MLP also include those involved in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is often less restrictive than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded to investors in a MLP than investors in a corporation. For example, investors in MLPs may have limited voting rights or be liable under certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of their investment. In addition, MLPs may be subject to state taxation in certain jurisdictions which will have the effect of reducing the amount of income paid by the MLP to its investors.
Foreign Company Risk – Investing in foreign companies, including direct investments and through ADRs, which are traded on U.S. exchanges and represent an ownership interest in a foreign security, poses additional risks since political and economic events unique to a country or region will affect those markets and their issuers. These risks will not necessarily affect the U.S. economy or similar issuers located in the United States. Securities of foreign companies may not be registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and foreign companies are generally not subject to the regulatory controls imposed on U.S. issuers and, as a consequence, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign securities than is available about domestic securities. Income from foreign securities owned by the Fund may be reduced by a withholding tax at the source, which tax would reduce income received from the securities comprising the Fund’s portfolio. Foreign securities may also be more difficult to value than securities of U.S. issuers. While ADRs provide an alternative to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their respective national markets and currencies, investments in ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
Foreign Currency Risk – As a result of the Fund’s investments in securities or other investments denominated in, and/or receiving revenues in, foreign currencies, the Fund will be subject to currency risk. Currency risk is the risk that foreign currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, in which case, the dollar value of an investment in the Fund would be adversely affected.
ETF Risk – ETFs are pooled investment vehicles, such as registered investment companies and grantor trusts, whose shares are listed and traded on U.S. stock exchanges or otherwise traded in the over-the-counter market. To the extent that the Fund invests in ETFs, the Fund will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of the securities comprising the index on which the ETF is based and the value of the Fund’s investment will fluctuate in response to the performance of the underlying index. ETFs typically incur fees that are separate from those of the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund’s investments in ETFs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the ETFs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. Because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, shares may trade at a discount or premium to their net asset value and the Adviser may not be able to liquidate the Fund’s holdings at the most optimal time, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
The bar chart and the performance table below illustrate the risks and volatility of an investment in A Class Shares of the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s A Class Shares’ performance from year to year for the past 10 years and by showing how the Fund’s A Class Shares’ average annual total returns for 1, 5 and 10 years and since inception compare with those of a broad measure of market performance and additional indexes, including a blended benchmark that represents the investment strategy of the Fund. The bar chart figures do not include sales charges that may have been paid when investors bought and sold A Class Shares of the Fund. If sales charges were included, the returns would be lower. Of course, the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not
11
necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.westwoodfunds.com or by calling 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
BEST QUARTER |
WORST QUARTER |
8.41% |
(6.38)% |
(03/31/2013) |
(12/31/2018) |
The performance information shown above is based on a calendar year. The Fund’s A Class Shares’ performance from 1/1/19 to 6/30/19 was 10.87%.
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2018
This table compares the Fund’s A Class Shares’ average annual total returns (after applicable sales charges) for the periods ended December 31, 2018 to those of an appropriate broad-based index and additional indexes, including a blended benchmark that represents the investment strategy of the Fund.
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”).
The figures in the average annual total returns table below reflect the A Class Shares maximum front-end sales charge of 3.00%. Prior to September 3, 2019, A Class Shares were subject to a maximum front-end sales charge of 5.00%. If the prior maximum front-end sales charge of 5.00% was reflected, performance for A Class Shares in the average annual total returns table would be lower.
Returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than before-tax returns when a net capital loss occurs upon the redemption of Fund shares.
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Westwood Income Opportunity Fund – A Class |
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
Since Inception
|
Fund Returns Before Taxes |
(7.97)% |
2.78% |
6.70% |
5.60% |
Fund Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
(9.22)% |
6.26% |
11.04% |
9.92% |
Fund Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
(3.39)% |
6.42% |
10.44% |
9.48% |
FTSE 10-Year Treasury Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
(0.02)% |
2.64% |
2.23% |
3.75% |
FTSE 3-Month Treasury Bill Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
1.86% |
0.61% |
0.35% |
0.48% |
S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
(4.38)% |
8.49% |
13.12% |
7.25% |
FTSE NAREIT U.S. Equity Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)1 |
(4.04)% |
8.32% |
12.53% |
6.63% |
Blended 25/25/25/25 FTSE 10-Year Treasury Index/FTSE 3-Month Treasury Bill Index/S&P 500 Index/FTSE NAREIT U.S. Equity Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
(1.31)% |
5.22% |
7.43% |
5.21% |
Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
0.01% |
2.52% |
3.48% |
3.63% |
Blended 60/40 Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index/S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
(1.47)% |
5.04% |
7.49% |
5.37% |
1 |
As of September 3, 2019, to better reflect the Fund’s principal investment strategies, (1) the Fund’s broad-based index changed from the FTSE 10-Year Treasury Index to the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index; (2) the FTSE 3-Month Treasury Bill Index, FTSE NAREIT U.S. Equity Index and Blended 25/25/25/25 FTSE 10-Year Treasury Index/FTSE 3-Month Treasury Bill Index/S&P 500 Index/FTSE NAREIT U.S. Equity Index were removed as additional indexes of the Fund; and (3) the Blended 60/40 Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index/S&P 500 Index became an additional index of the Fund. |
For information about related performance, please see the “Related Performance Data of the Adviser” section of the Prospectus.
Westwood Management Corp.
Mr. David Clott, CFA, Senior Vice President, has managed the Fund since 2019.
Mr. Adrian Helfert, Senior Vice President and Director of Multi-Asset Portfolios, has managed the Fund since 2019.
For important information about the purchase and sale of Fund shares, taxes and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to “Summary Information about the Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares, Taxes and Financial Intermediary Compensation” on page 14 of the Prospectus.
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Summary Information about the Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares, Taxes and Financial Intermediary Compensation
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
To purchase shares of a Fund for the first time, including an initial purchase through an IRA or other tax qualified account, you must invest at least $1,000. There is no minimum for subsequent investments.
If you own your shares directly, you may redeem your shares on any day that the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open for business by contacting the Funds directly by mail at Westwood Funds, P.O. Box 219009, Kansas City, MO 64121-9009 (Express Mail Address: Westwood Funds, c/o DST Systems, Inc., 430 West 7th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105) or telephone at 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
If you own your shares through an account with a broker or other institution, contact that broker or institution to redeem your shares. Your broker or institution may charge a fee for its services in addition to the fees charged by the Funds.
Tax Information
Each Fund intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account (“IRA”), in which case your distribution will be taxed when withdrawn from the tax-deferred account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Funds through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Funds and their related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Funds over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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Investing in each Fund involves risk and there is no guarantee that each Fund will achieve its goals. The Adviser’s judgments about the markets, the economy, or companies may not anticipate actual market movements, economic conditions or company performance, and these judgments may affect the return on your investment. In fact, no matter how good of a job the Adviser does, you could lose money on your investment in a Fund, just as you could with similar investments.
The value of your investment in a Fund is based on the value of the securities the Fund holds. These prices change daily due to economic and other events that affect particular companies and other issuers. These price movements, sometimes called volatility, may be greater or lesser depending on the types of securities the Fund owns and the markets in which they trade. The effect on the Fund of a change in the value of a single security will depend on how widely the Fund diversifies its holdings.
Equity Risk – Equity securities include common and preferred stocks, warrants, rights to subscribe to common stock, convertible securities, interests in master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) and royalty trusts, shares of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), as well as shares of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) that attempt to track the price movement of equity indices. Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Preferred stock provides a fixed dividend that is paid before any dividends are paid to common stock holders, and which takes precedence over common stock in the event of a liquidation. Like common stock, preferred stocks represent partial ownership in a company, although preferred stock shareholders do not enjoy any of the voting rights of common stockholders. Also, unlike common stock, a preferred stock pays a fixed dividend that does not fluctuate, although the company does not have to pay this dividend if it lacks the financial ability to do so. Investments in equity securities in general are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. The value of securities convertible into equity securities, such as warrants or convertible debt, is also affected by prevailing interest rates, the credit quality of the issuer and any call provision. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a Fund invests will cause the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) to fluctuate. An investment in a portfolio of equity securities may be more suitable for long-term investors who can bear the risk of these share price fluctuations.
Large-Capitalization Company Risk – The large capitalization companies in which a Fund may invest may lag the performance of smaller capitalization companies because large capitalization companies may experience slower rates of growth than smaller capitalization companies and may not respond as quickly to market changes and opportunities.
Small- and Mid-Capitalization Company Risk – The small- and mid-capitalization companies in which a Fund may invest may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies. In particular, investments in these small- and mid-sized companies may pose additional risks, including liquidity risk, because these companies tend to have limited product lines, markets and financial resources, and may depend upon a relatively small management group. Therefore, small- and mid-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies. These securities may be traded over-the- counter or listed on an exchange.
Fixed Income Risk – The market values of fixed income investments change in response to interest rate changes and other factors. During periods of rising interest rates, the values of outstanding fixed income securities generally decrease. Moreover, while securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields, the prices of longer maturity securities are also subject to greater market value fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. During periods of falling interest rates, certain debt obligations with high interest rates may be prepaid (or “called”) by the issuer prior to maturity, and during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt obligations with low interest rates may be extended beyond maturity. Current market conditions may pose heightened risks for the
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Funds. While interest rates in the U.S. are near historic lows, changes in government policy, including the Federal Reserve ending its quantitative easing program and beginning to raise the federal funds rate, have increased the risk that interest rates will continue to rise in the near future. A rise in interest rates may, in turn, increase volatility and reduce liquidity in the fixed income markets, and result in a decline in the value of the fixed income investments held by the Funds. In addition, reductions in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could further decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. As a result of these conditions, a Fund’s value may fluctuate and/or a Fund may experience increased redemptions from shareholders, which may impact a Fund’s liquidity or force a Fund to sell securities into a declining or illiquid market.
In addition to these risks, fixed income securities may be subject to credit risk, which is the possibility that an issuer will be unable or unwilling to make timely payments of either principal or interest.
High Yield (“Junk”) Bond Risk – High yield, or “junk,” bonds are highly speculative securities that are usually issued by smaller, less creditworthy and/or highly leveraged (indebted) companies. Compared with investment-grade bonds, high yield bonds are considered to carry a greater degree of risk and are considered to be less likely to make payments of interest and principal. In particular, lower-quality high yield bonds (rated CCC, CC, C, or unrated securities judged to be of comparable quality) are subject to a greater degree of credit risk than higher-quality high yield bonds and may be near default. High yield bonds rated D are in default. Market developments and the financial and business conditions of the corporation issuing these securities generally influence their price and liquidity more than changes in interest rates, when compared to investment-grade debt securities.
Foreign/Emerging Market Securities Risk – Investments in securities of foreign companies (including direct investments as well as investments through ADRs) can be more volatile than investments in U.S. companies. Diplomatic, political, or economic developments, including nationalization or appropriation, could affect investments in foreign companies. Foreign securities markets generally have less trading volume and less liquidity than U.S. markets. Financial statements of foreign issuers are governed by different accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards than the financial statements of U.S. issuers and may be less transparent and uniform than in the United States. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers than about most U.S. issuers. Transaction costs are generally higher than those in the United States and expenses for custodial arrangements of foreign securities may be somewhat greater than typical expenses for custodial arrangements of similar U.S. securities. Some foreign governments levy withholding taxes against dividend and interest income. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes are recoverable, the non-recovered portion will reduce the income received from the securities comprising the portfolio. These risks may be heightened with respect to emerging market countries since political turmoil and rapid changes in economic conditions are more likely to occur in these countries.
Foreign Currency Risk – Because non-U.S. securities are usually denominated in currencies other than the dollar, the value of a Fund’s portfolio may be influenced by currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.
MLP Risk – MLPs are limited partnerships in which the ownership units are publicly traded. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to oil and gas industries or other natural resources, but they also may finance other projects. To the extent that an
16
MLP’s interests are all in a particular industry or industries, such as the energy industries, the MLP will be negatively impacted by economic events adversely impacting that industry or industries. Additional risks of investing in an MLP also include those involved in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is often less restrictive than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded to investors in an MLP than investors in a corporation; for example, investors in MLPs may have limited voting rights or be liable under certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of their investment. In addition, MLPs may be subject to state taxation in certain jurisdictions which will have the effect of reducing the amount of income paid by the MLP to its investors. A Fund’s investment in MLPs may result in the layering of expenses, such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the MLPs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. MLP operating expenses are not reflected in the fee tables and examples in this Prospectus.
REIT Risk – REITs are pooled investment vehicles that own, and usually operate, income-producing real estate. REITs are susceptible to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, such as the following: declines in property values; increases in property taxes, operating expenses, interest rates or competition; overbuilding; zoning changes; and losses from casualty or condemnation. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those of the Funds. Accordingly, a Fund’s investments in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. REIT operating expenses are not reflected in the fee tables and examples in this Prospectus.
Some REITs may have limited diversification and may be subject to risks inherent in financing a limited number of properties. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions, and may be subject to defaults by borrowers and to self-liquidations. In addition, a REIT may be affected by its failure to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or its failure to maintain exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
ETF Risk – ETFs are pooled investment vehicles, such as registered investment companies and grantor trusts, whose shares are listed and traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges or otherwise traded in the over-the-counter market. To the extent that a Fund invests in ETFs, the Fund will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of the securities comprising the index on which the ETF is based or the ETF’s other holdings and the value of the Fund’s investment will fluctuate in response to the performance of the underlying index or holdings. ETFs typically incur fees that are separate from those of a Fund. Accordingly, a Fund’s investments in ETFs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the ETFs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses.
Because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, shares may trade at a discount or premium to their NAV and the Adviser may not be able to liquidate a Fund’s holdings at the most optimal time, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
Liquidity Risk – Certain investments and types of investments are subject to restrictions on resale, may trade in the over-the-counter market or in limited volume, or may not have an active trading market. In addition, at times all or a large portion of segments of the market may not have an active trading market due to adverse market, economic, industry, political, regulatory, geopolitical and other conditions, including investors trying to sell large quantities of a particular investment or type of investment, or lack of market makers or other buyers for a particular investment or type of investment. At times, all or a significant portion of a market may not have an active trading market. Without an active trading market where frequent and large purchase and sale transactions of a security occur without significantly affecting the price of that security, it may be difficult to value and
17
impossible to sell these investments, and a Fund may have to sell such an investment at a price or time that is not advantageous in order to meet redemptions or other cash needs. The price of illiquid securities may be more volatile than more liquid investments.
More Information about Fund Investments
The investment objective of the Westwood SmallCap Fund is to seek long-term capital appreciation. The primary investment objective of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund is to provide current income. A secondary objective of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund is to provide the opportunity for long-term capital appreciation.
The investment objective of the Westwood SmallCap Fund is fundamental and cannot be changed without shareholder approval. The investment objectives of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund may be changed without shareholder approval, upon 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders.
The investments and strategies described in this Prospectus are those that the Funds use under normal conditions. During unusual economic or market conditions, or for temporary defensive or liquidity purposes, each Fund may, but is not obligated to, invest up to 100% of its assets in money market instruments and other cash equivalents that would not ordinarily be consistent with its investment objective(s). If a Fund invests in this manner, it may not achieve its investment objective(s). The Funds will only do so if the Adviser believes that the risk of loss outweighs the opportunity for capital appreciation or current income.
This Prospectus describes the Funds’ principal investment strategies, and the Funds will normally invest in the types of securities and other investments described in this Prospectus. In addition to the securities and other investments and strategies described in this Prospectus, each Fund also may invest to a lesser extent in other securities, use other strategies and engage in other investment practices that are not part of its principal investment strategies. These investments and strategies, as well as those described in this Prospectus, are described in detail in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) (for information on how to obtain a copy of the SAI see the back cover of this Prospectus). Of course, there is no guarantee that a Fund will achieve its investment goals.
Information about Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Funds’ policy and procedures with respect to the circumstances under which the Funds disclose their portfolio holdings is available in the SAI. Within 10 days of the end of each calendar quarter, each Fund will post its complete portfolio holdings on the internet at www.westwoodfunds.com. This information will generally remain available until it is replaced by new portfolio holdings information as described above. The Adviser may exclude any portion of a Fund’s portfolio holdings from such publication when deemed in the best interest of the Fund. Nevertheless, as described in the SAI, each Fund will disclose its complete portfolio holdings quarterly, within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter.
Westwood Management Corp., a New York corporation formed in 1983, serves as the investment adviser to the Funds. The Adviser’s principal place of business is located at 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200, Dallas, Texas 75201. The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc., an institutional asset management company. As of June 30, 2019, the Adviser had approximately $11.6 billion in assets under management.
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The Adviser makes investment decisions for the Funds and continuously reviews, supervises and administers each Fund’s investment program. The Board supervises the Adviser and establishes policies that the Adviser must follow in its management activities.
For its services, the Adviser is entitled to a fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets of each Fund, as set forth in the table below.
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
0.85% |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
0.75% |
The Adviser has contractually agreed to reduce its fees and reimburse expenses of the A Class Shares of each Fund in order to keep net operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses (collectively, “excluded expenses”)) from exceeding the amounts listed in the table below, as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund until February 28, 2021.
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
1.04% |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
1.15% |
In addition, the Adviser may receive from a Fund the difference between the Fund’s total annual Fund operating expenses (not including excluded expenses) and the Fund’s expense cap to recoup all or a portion of its prior fee reductions or expense reimbursements made during the three-year period preceding the recoupment if at any point total annual Fund operating expenses (not including excluded expenses) are below the expense cap (i) at the time of the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement and (ii) at the time of the recoupment.
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018, the Adviser received advisory fees (after fee reductions) as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund as follows:
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
0.76% |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
0.75% |
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Funds’ investment advisory agreement is available in the Funds’ Annual Report to Shareholders dated October 31, 2018, which covers the period from November 1, 2017 to October 31, 2018.
Each Fund is managed by a portfolio management team, and the members of a Fund’s portfolio management team are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. The investment process for the Funds is driven by proprietary team-oriented, in-depth, fundamental research. Weekly research meetings provide a forum where the Adviser’s investment professionals discuss current investment ideas within their assigned industries. Generally, the entire portfolio management team, or a sub-set of the team, then debates the merits of recommendations, taking into account the prevailing market environment, the portfolio’s current composition, and the relative value of alternative investments. Investment decisions are generally made by majority agreement of the portfolio management team. The Adviser has identified the following team members as those with the most significant responsibility for each Fund’s assets. This list does not include all members of the investment team.
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Mr. David Clott, CFA, has served as Senior Vice President for the Adviser since October 2014, and leads the Adviser’s Global Convertible Securities Team. Prior to joining the Adviser, he managed both the long only and absolute return global convertible securities strategies at Aviva Investors for 15 years and co-founded their convertibles funds in April 2002. Prior to 1999, Mr. Clott was a Portfolio Manager and Equity Analyst at HSB Group for one year, and an Equity Analyst and later a Convertible Securities Analyst at Phoenix Investment Partners for seven years. Mr. Clott has served on the portfolio team for the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund since 2019. Mr. Clott participates in the investment decision process. He has authority to direct trading activity for the Fund and is also responsible for representing the Fund to investors. Mr. Clott has more than 27 years of investment experience.
Mr. William E. Costello, CFA, has served as Senior Vice President, Senior Research Analyst since joining the Adviser in July 2010. He has served on the portfolio team for the Westwood SmallCap Fund since 2010. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Costello was a Portfolio Manager and Director of Research at the Boston Company, where he worked from 1997 to 2009, and he worked at Delphi Management as a generalist equity analyst from 1992 until 1997. He participates in the investment decision process. He has authority to direct trading activity for the Fund and is also responsible for representing the Fund to investors. Mr. Costello has more than 31 years of investment experience.
Mr. Adrian Helfert has served as Senior Vice President and Director of Multi-Asset Portfolios for the Adviser since January 2019. He is responsible for leading the firm’s multi-asset strategies team, which includes Income Opportunity and Flexible Income strategies, as well as Global Convertibles and Fixed Income strategies. Most recently, Mr. Helfert served as Managing Director and Senior Multi-Asset Portfolio Manager at Amundi in London, where he was responsible for Global Fixed Income strategies. During his 13-year Amundi tenure, he also was an investment team leader on absolute return, unconstrained and total return portfolios. Prior to joining Amundi, Mr. Helfert worked at Royal Bank of Scotland and in JPMorgan’s Asset Management Group. Mr. Helfert earned his MBA from Duke University and his BA in physics from the University of Virginia, where he was awarded a fellowship for his work in Solid State Physics. He also served in the U.S. Navy / Marine Corps as a Combat Medic. Mr. Helfert has served on the portfolio team for the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund since 2019. Mr. Helfert participates in the investment decision process. He has authority to direct trading activity for the Fund and is also responsible for representing the Fund to investors. Mr. Helfert has more than 19 years of investment experience.
Mr. Matthew R. Lockridge has served as Senior Vice President, Research Analyst since March 2015. Prior to this appointment, he served as Vice President, Research Analyst for the Adviser from May 2010 to March 2015. He has served on the portfolio team for the Westwood SmallCap Fund since 2010. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Lockridge was a Managing Director at Dearborn Partners, L.L.C. from 2004 to 2010, and he was with Deloitte Consulting, L.L.P. from 2001 to 2004, where he worked as a Senior Consultant. He participates in the investment decision process. He has authority to direct trading activity for the Fund and is also responsible for representing the Fund to investors. Mr. Lockridge has more than 17 years of investment experience.
Mr. Fred G. Rowsey, CFA, has served as Vice President, Research Analyst for the Adviser since February 2018. Prior to this appointment, he served as Associate Vice President, Research Analyst for the Adviser from March 2015 until February 2018. He joined the Adviser in July 2010 as a Research Associate. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Rowsey was a student at Harvard University, graduating in May 2010 with a BA in Economics. Mr. Rowsey is a member of the CFA Institute. He has served on the portfolio team for the Westwood SmallCap Fund since 2013. He participates in the investment decision process. He has authority to direct trading activity for the Fund and is also responsible for representing the Fund to investors. Mr. Rowsey has more than 9 years of investment experience.
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The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of Fund shares.
Related Performance Data of the Adviser
The following tables give the related performance of all fee-paying separate accounts, each referred to as a “Composite,” managed by the Adviser that have investment objectives, policies, strategies and risks substantially similar to those of each Fund. None of the Composites reflect all of the firm’s assets under management. Complete lists and descriptions of the firm’s composites are available upon request. The data illustrates the past performance of the Adviser in managing substantially similar accounts. The data does not represent the performance of the Funds. Moreover, the performance shown does not represent the future performance of the Funds or of the Adviser.
The manner in which the performance was calculated for the Composites differs from that of registered mutual funds such as the Funds. If the performance was calculated in accordance with SEC standardized performance methodology, the performance results may have been different. All returns presented were calculated on a total return basis and include all dividends and interest, accrued income, and realized and unrealized gains and losses. “Net of fees” returns reflect the deduction of investment management fees, as well as the deduction of any brokerage commissions, execution costs, withholding taxes, sales loads and account fees paid by the accounts included in the Composites, without taking into account federal or state income taxes, while “gross of fees” returns do not reflect the deduction of investment management fees. All fees and expenses, except custodial fees, if any, were included in the calculations. Securities are valued as of trade-date. Accounts in each Composite were under management for the entire reporting period. Beginning January 1, 2006, the minimum portfolio size for inclusion in a Composite is $5 million. The exclusion of accounts with portfolio sizes below $5 million had no material effect on the performance of the Composites. Prior to January 1, 2006, there was no minimum asset size for inclusion in the Composites.
The currency used to express performance in each Composite is U.S. dollars. Performance results are presented both net of fees and gross of fees. Because of variation in fee levels, the “net of fees” Composite returns may not be reflective of performance in any one particular account. Therefore, the performance information shown below is not necessarily representative of the performance information that typically would be shown for a registered mutual fund.
The performance of the Composites (net of fees) reflects the Adviser’s applicable account fees and expenses; however, each Fund’s fees and expenses are generally expected to be higher than those of the accounts included in the respective Composite. If the Funds’ fees and expenses had been imposed on the accounts included in the respective Composite, the performance shown below would have been lower. The accounts that are included in each Composite are not subject to the same type of expenses to which the Funds are subject and are not subject to the diversification requirements, specific tax restrictions, and investment limitations imposed by the federal securities and tax laws. Consequently, the performance results for each Composite could have been adversely affected if the accounts in the Composite were subject to the same federal securities and tax laws as the Funds.
The investment results for each Composite presented below are not intended to predict or suggest the future returns of the Funds. The performance data shown below should not be considered a substitute for the Funds’ own performance information. Investors should be aware that the use of a methodology different than that used below to calculate performance could result in different performance data.
21
Performance Information for the Adviser’s SmallCap Strategy Composite1
The following data illustrates the past performance of the Adviser in managing substantially similar accounts and does not represent the performance of the Westwood SmallCap Fund.
Year |
Total Return
|
Total Return
|
Russell 2000
|
Number of
|
Dispersion4 |
Total Assets at
|
Percentage of
|
2018 |
-14.32% |
-13.45% |
-12.86% |
17 |
0.4 |
$1,133.0 |
8.2% |
2017 |
12.69% |
13.81% |
7.84% |
17 |
0.4 |
$1,266.4 |
6.0% |
2016 |
28.54% |
29.79% |
31.74% |
14 |
0.3 |
$686.8 |
3.8% |
2015 |
-5.41% |
-4.45% |
-7.47% |
11 |
0.6 |
$333.8 |
1.9% |
2014 |
6.01% |
7.07% |
4.22% |
10 |
0.3 |
$386.7 |
2.0% |
2013 |
49.96% |
50.94% |
34.52% |
9 |
0.5 |
$327.0 |
1.8% |
2012 |
18.42% |
18.98% |
18.05% |
9 |
0.4 |
$210.3 |
1.6% |
2011 |
-1.30% |
-0.62% |
-5.50% |
9 |
0.6 |
$201.9 |
1.7% |
2010 |
23.69% |
24.55% |
24.50% |
8 |
1.0 |
$204.6 |
1.9% |
2009 |
20.55% |
21.35% |
20.58% |
11 |
0.3 |
$242.2 |
2.6% |
Average Annual Total Returns (since inception through 12/31/2018) |
|||
Adviser’s Composite Returns |
|||
Time Period |
Net of Fees |
Gross of Fees |
Russell 2000 Value Index2,3 |
1 Year |
-14.32% |
-13.45% |
-12.86% |
5 Years |
4.47% |
5.51% |
3.61% |
10 Years |
12.52% |
13.44% |
10.40% |
Since Inception5 |
9.72% |
10.46% |
6.91% |
1 |
The calculation of returns is computed on a monthly basis starting January 1, 2004 for the Composite; including accrued dividends and interest income. Actual results may vary depending on level of assets and fee schedule. Westwood claims compliance with GIPS® and has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the GIPS® standards. |
2 |
The Russell 2000 Value Index is an unmanaged market index that measures the performance of the 2,000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000 Index. |
3 |
The comparative benchmark returns include interest and dividend income but do not include taxes, potential transaction costs or management fees. |
4 |
Dispersion is measured using the asset-weighted standard deviation of accounts managed for the entire year. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of the degree to which an individual portfolio’s return varies from the median return for the composite. Greater deviation means greater risk to the investor. |
5 |
Inception date of the SmallCap Strategy Composite is January 1, 2004. |
22
Performance Information for the Adviser’s Income Opportunity Strategy Composite1
The following data illustrates the past performance of the Adviser in managing substantially similar accounts and does not represent the performance of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund.
Year |
Total Return
|
Total Return
|
Bloomberg
|
S&P 500
|
Blended 60/40
|
Number of
|
Dispersion5 |
Total Assets
|
Percentage
|
2018 |
-4.76% |
-3.99% |
0.01% |
-4.38% |
-1.47% |
7 |
0.2 |
$2,924.2 |
21.2% |
2017 |
11.09% |
11.97% |
3.54% |
21.83% |
10.55% |
10 |
0.1 |
$3,723.4 |
17.8% |
2016 |
6.33% |
7.18% |
2.65% |
11.96% |
6.44% |
10 |
0.6 |
$3,336.4 |
18.3% |
2015 |
-2.54% |
-1.76% |
0.55% |
1.38% |
1.12% |
13 |
0.2 |
$3,487.3 |
19.6% |
2014 |
9.40% |
10.28% |
5.97% |
13.69% |
9.07% |
9 |
0.5 |
$3,468.8 |
18.3% |
2013 |
15.31% |
16.10% |
-2.02% |
32.39% |
10.69% |
9 |
1.0 |
$2,213.2 |
12.5% |
2012 |
8.67% |
9.11% |
4.21% |
16.00% |
8.95% |
9 |
0.4 |
$1,279.5 |
9.7% |
2011 |
7.38% |
8.04% |
7.84% |
2.11% |
5.84% |
5 |
0.3 |
$759.8 |
6.3% |
2010 |
14.49% |
15.19% |
6.54% |
15.06% |
10.41% |
3 |
0.8 |
$313.2 |
2.8% |
2009 |
13.28% |
13.89% |
5.93% |
26.46% |
14.27% |
3 |
1.3 |
$203.5 |
2.2% |
Average Annual Total Returns (since inception through 12/31/2018) |
|||||
Adviser’s Composite Returns |
|||||
Time Period |
Net of Fees |
Gross of Fees |
Bloomberg Barclays
|
S&P 500 Index3,4 |
Blended 60/40
|
1 Year |
-4.76% |
-3.99% |
0.01% |
-4.38% |
-1.47% |
5 Years |
3.70% |
4.53% |
2.52% |
8.49% |
5.04% |
10 Years |
7.66% |
8.41% |
3.48% |
13.12% |
7.49% |
Since Inception6 |
7.83% |
8.46% |
3.88% |
8.97% |
6.13% |
1 |
The calculation of returns is computed on a monthly basis starting January 1, 2003 for the Composite; including accrued dividends and interest income. Actual results may vary depending on level of assets and fee schedule. Westwood claims compliance with GIPS® and has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the GIPS® standards. |
2 |
The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index is an unmanaged index representing domestic taxable investment grade bonds, with index components for government and corporate securities, mortgage pass-through securities, and asset-backed securities with an average maturity of one year or more at the time of their issue. |
3 |
The S&P® 500 Index is a widely recognized, market value weighted (higher market value stocks have more influence that lower market value stocks) index of 500 stocks designed to mimic the overall U.S. equity market’s industry weightings. |
4 |
The comparative benchmark returns include interest and dividend income but do not include taxes, potential transaction costs or management fees. |
5 |
Dispersion is measured using the asset-weighted standard deviation of accounts managed for the entire year. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of the degree to which an individual portfolio’s return varies from the median return for the composite. Greater deviation means greater risk to the investor. |
6 |
Inception date of the Income Opportunity Strategy Composite is January 1, 2003. |
23
Purchasing, Selling and Exchanging Fund Shares
This section tells you how to purchase, sell (sometimes called “redeem”) and exchange A Class Shares of the Funds.
For information regarding the federal income tax consequences of transactions in shares of the Funds, including information about cost basis reporting, see “Taxes.”
How to Choose a Share Class
Each Fund offers three classes of shares to investors: Institutional Shares, C Class Shares and A Class Shares. Each share class has its own shareholder eligibility criteria, cost structure and other features. The following summarizes the primary features of Institutional Shares, C Class Shares and A Class Shares. Institutional Shares and C Class Shares are offered in separate prospectuses. Contact your financial intermediary or a Fund for more information about each Fund’s share classes and how to choose between them.
Class Name |
Eligible Investors |
Investment Minimum |
Features |
Institutional Shares |
Institutional Shares of a Fund are offered exclusively to:
● certain retirement plans established for the benefit of employees and former employees of the Adviser or its affiliates;
● defined benefit retirement plans, endowments or foundations;
● banks and trust companies or law firms acting as trustee or manager for trust accounts;
● investors who purchase shares through asset-based fee programs available through financial intermediaries;
● insurance companies; and
● Institutional Shares shareholders purchasing Institutional Shares through the reinvestment of dividends or other distributions. |
Initial: $5,000 (Westwood SmallCap Fund); $100,000 (Westwood Income Opportunity Fund)
Subsequent: None |
Front-End Sales Charge - None
CDSC - None
Rule 12b-1 Fee - None
Shareholder Servicing Fee - None (Westwood Income Opportunity Fund)
Shareholder Servicing Fee - up to 0.20% (Westwood SmallCap Fund) |
C Class Shares |
C Class Shares do not have any share class eligibility requirements. |
Initial: $1,000
Subsequent: None |
Front-End Sales Charge - None
CDSC - 1.00% if redeemed within 12 months of purchase
Rule 12b-1 Fee - 1.00%
Shareholder Servicing Fee - None
C Class Shares automatically convert to A Class Shares after 10 years, provided that records held by the Funds or your financial intermediary verify C Class Shares have been held for at least 10 years. |
A Class Shares |
A Class Shares do not have any share class eligibility requirements. |
Initial: $1,000
Subsequent: None |
Front-End Sales Charge - Maximum of 3.00%
CDSC - None1
Rule 12b-1 Fee - 0.25%
Shareholder Servicing Fee - None |
1 |
A Class Shares purchases of $250,000 or more made on or after September 3, 2019 may be subject to a 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 18 months of purchase. |
24
An investor may be eligible to purchase more than one share class. However, if you purchase shares through a financial intermediary, you may only purchase that class of shares which your financial intermediary sells or services. Your financial intermediary can tell you which classes of shares are available through the intermediary.
A Class Shares have a front-end sales charge, which is deducted from your purchase price when you buy your shares, and results in a smaller dollar amount being invested in the Fund than the purchase price you pay (unless you qualify for a waiver or reduction of the sales charge). Each Fund’s other share classes do not have a front-end sales charge, so the full amount of your purchase price is invested in those classes. A Class Shares have lower ongoing distribution and shareholder services fees (“Rule 12b-1 Fees”) than C Class Shares. Over time, C Class Shares can incur Rule 12b-1 Fees that are equal to or more than the front-end sales charge and Rule 12b-1 Fees you would pay for A Class Shares. Although the full amount of your purchase price of C Class Shares is invested in a Fund, your return on this money will be reduced by the expected higher annual expenses of C Class Shares.
How to Purchase Fund Shares
You will ordinarily submit your purchase orders through your securities broker or other financial intermediary through which you opened your shareholder account. To purchase shares directly from the Funds through their transfer agent, complete and send in the application. If you need an application or have questions, please call 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944) or log on to the Funds’ website at www.westwoodfunds.com.
All investments must be made by check, Automated Clearing House (“ACH”), or wire. All checks must be made payable in U.S. dollars and drawn on U.S. financial institutions. The Funds do not accept purchases made by third-party checks, credit cards, credit card checks, cash, traveler’s checks, money orders or cashier’s checks.
The Funds reserve the right to reject any specific purchase order for any reason. The Funds are not intended for short-term trading by shareholders in response to short-term market fluctuations. For more information about the Funds’ policy on short-term trading, see “Excessive Trading Policies and Procedures.”
The Funds do not generally accept investments by non-U.S. persons. Non-U.S. persons may be permitted to invest in the Funds subject to the satisfaction of enhanced due diligence. Please contact the Funds for more information.
By Mail
You can open an account with the Funds by sending a check and your account application to the address below. You can add to an existing account by sending the Funds a check and, if possible, the “Invest by Mail” stub that accompanies your confirmation statement. Be sure your check identifies clearly your name, your account number, the Fund name and the share class.
Regular Mail Address
Westwood Funds
P.O. Box 219009
Kansas City, MO 64121-9009
Express Mail Address
Westwood Funds
c/o DST Systems, Inc.
430 W. 7th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
25
The Funds do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services of purchase orders does not constitute receipt by the Funds’ transfer agent. The share price used to fill the purchase order is the next price calculated by a Fund after the Funds’ transfer agent receives the order in proper form at the P.O. Box provided for regular mail delivery or the office address provided for express mail delivery.
By Wire
To open an account by wire, call 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944) for details. To add to an existing account by wire, wire your money using the wiring instructions set forth below (be sure to include the Fund name, the share class and your account number).
Wiring Instructions
UMB Bank, N.A.
ABA#: 101000695
Westwood Funds
DDA# 9871063178
Ref: Fund name/account name/share class/account number
General Information
You may purchase shares on any day that the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open for business (a “Business Day”). Shares cannot be purchased by Federal Reserve wire on days that either the NYSE or the Federal Reserve is closed. Each Fund’s price per share will be the next determined NAV per share after the Fund or an authorized institution (defined below) receives your purchase order in proper form, plus the front-end sales charge. “Proper form” means that the Funds were provided a complete and signed account application, including the investor’s social security number or tax identification number, and other identification required by law or regulation, as well as sufficient purchase proceeds.
Each Fund calculates its NAV once each Business Day as of the close of normal trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time). To receive the current Business Day’s NAV, a Fund or an authorized institution must receive your purchase order in proper form before the close of normal trading on the NYSE. If the NYSE closes early, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading, the Funds reserve the right to calculate NAV as of the earlier closing time. The Funds will not accept orders that request a particular day or price for the transaction or any other special conditions. Shares will only be priced on Business Days. Since securities that are traded on foreign exchanges may trade on days that are not Business Days, the value of a Fund’s assets may change on days when you are unable to purchase or redeem shares.
Buying or Selling Shares through a Financial Intermediary
In addition to being able to buy and sell Fund shares directly from the Funds through their transfer agent, you may also buy or sell shares of the Funds through accounts with financial intermediaries such as brokers and other institutions that are authorized to place trades in Fund shares for their customers. When you purchase or sell Fund shares through a financial intermediary (rather than directly from the Funds), you may have to transmit your purchase and sale requests to the financial intermediary at an earlier time for your transaction to become effective that day. This allows the financial intermediary time to process your requests and transmit them to the Funds prior to the time each Fund calculates its NAV that day. Your financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting all purchase and redemption requests, investment information, documentation and money to the Funds on time. If your financial intermediary fails to do so, it may be responsible for any resulting
26
fees or losses. Unless your financial intermediary is an authorized institution, orders transmitted by the financial intermediary and received by the Funds after the time NAV is calculated for a particular day will receive the following day’s NAV.
Certain financial intermediaries, including certain broker-dealers and shareholder organizations, are authorized to act as agent on behalf of the Funds with respect to the receipt of purchase and redemption orders for Fund shares (“authorized institutions”). Authorized institutions are also authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on a Fund’s behalf. A Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized institution or, if applicable, an authorized institution’s designee, receives the order. Orders will be priced at a Fund’s next computed NAV after they are received by an authorized institution or an authorized institution’s designee. To determine whether your financial intermediary is an authorized institution or an authorized institution’s designee such that it may act as agent on behalf of a Fund with respect to purchase and redemption orders for Fund shares, you should contact your financial intermediary directly.
If you deal directly with a financial intermediary, you will have to follow its procedures for transacting with the Funds. Your financial intermediary may charge a fee for your purchase and/or redemption transactions. For more information about how to purchase or sell Fund shares through a financial intermediary, you should contact the financial intermediary directly.
How the Funds Calculate NAV
The NAV of a class of each Fund’s shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Fund’s portfolio investments and other assets attributable to the class, less any liabilities attributable to the class, by the total number of shares outstanding of the class. In calculating NAV, each Fund generally values its investment portfolio at market price. If market prices are not readily available or a Fund reasonably believes that they are unreliable, such as in the case of a security value that has been materially affected by events occurring after the relevant market closes, the Fund is required to price those securities at fair value as determined in good faith using methods approved by the Board. Pursuant to the policies adopted by, and under the ultimate supervision of the Board, these methods are implemented through the Trust’s Fair Value Pricing Committee, members of which are appointed by the Board. A Fund’s determination of a security’s fair value price often involves the consideration of a number of subjective factors, and is therefore subject to the unavoidable risk that the value that the Fund assigns to a security may be higher or lower than the security’s value would be if a reliable market quotation for the security was readily available.
There may be limited circumstances in which the Funds would price securities at fair value for stocks of U.S. companies that are traded on U.S. exchanges – for example, if the exchange on which a portfolio security is principally traded closed early or if trading in a particular security was halted during the day and did not resume prior to the time the Funds calculated their NAV.
With respect to any non-U.S. securities held by the Funds, the Funds may take factors influencing specific markets or issuers into consideration in determining the fair value of a non-U.S. security. International securities markets may be open on days when the U.S. markets are closed. In such cases, the value of any international securities owned by the Funds may be significantly affected on days when investors cannot buy or sell shares. In addition, due to the difference in times between the close of the international markets and the time the Funds price their shares, the value the Funds assign to securities generally will not be the same as the quoted or published prices of those securities on their primary markets or exchanges. In determining fair value prices, the Funds may consider the performance of securities on their primary exchanges, foreign currency appreciation/
27
depreciation, securities market movements in the United States, or other relevant information as related to the securities.
When valuing fixed income securities with remaining maturities of more than 60 days, the Funds use the value of the security provided by pricing services. The values provided by a pricing service may be based upon market quotations for the same security, securities expected to trade in a similar manner or a pricing matrix. When valuing fixed income securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less, the Funds may use the security’s amortized cost. Amortized cost and the use of a pricing matrix in valuing fixed income securities are forms of fair value pricing.
Other assets for which market quotations are not readily available will be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Purchases In Kind
Subject to the approval of a Fund, an investor may purchase shares of the Fund with liquid securities and other assets that are eligible for purchase by the Fund (consistent with the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions) and that have a value that is readily ascertainable in accordance with the Fund’s valuation policies. These transactions will be effected only if the Adviser deems the security to be an appropriate investment for the Fund. Assets purchased by the Fund in such a transaction will be valued in accordance with procedures adopted by the Fund. The Funds reserve the right to amend or terminate this practice at any time.
Minimum Purchases
You can open an account with a Fund, including an initial purchase through an IRA or other tax qualified account, with a minimum initial investment of $1,000. There is no minimum for subsequent investments. Each Fund may accept initial investments of smaller amounts in its sole discretion.
By Automatic Investment Plan (via ACH)
You may not open an account via ACH. However, once you have established an account, you can set up an automatic investment plan by mailing a completed application to the Funds. These purchases can be made monthly, quarterly, semi-annually and annually in amounts of at least $25 per Fund. To cancel or change a plan, write to the Funds at: Westwood Funds, P.O. Box 219009, Kansas City, MO 64121-9009 (Express Mail Address: Westwood Funds, c/o DST Systems, Inc., 430 West 7th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105). Please allow up to 15 days to create the plan and 3 days to cancel or change it.
Fund Codes
The reference information listed below will be helpful to you when you contact the Funds to purchase or exchange A Class Shares, check a Fund’s daily NAV or obtain additional information.
Fund Name |
Ticker Symbol |
CUSIP |
Fund Code |
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
WHGAX |
0075W0346 |
3995 |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
WWIAX |
0075W0643 |
2686 |
How to Sell Your Fund Shares
If you own your shares directly, you may redeem your shares on any Business Day by contacting the Funds directly by mail or telephone at 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
28
If you own your shares through an account with a broker or other institution, contact that broker or institution to redeem your shares. Your broker or institution may charge a fee for its services in addition to the fees charged by the Funds.
If you would like to have your sales proceeds, including proceeds generated as a result of closing your account, sent to a third party or an address other than your own, please notify the Funds in writing.
Certain redemption requests will require a signature guarantee by an eligible guarantor institution. Eligible guarantors include commercial banks, savings and loans, savings banks, trust companies, credit unions, member firms of a national stock exchange, or any other member or participant of an approved signature guarantor program. For example, signature guarantees may be required if your address of record has changed in the last 30 days, if you want the proceeds sent to a bank other than the bank of record on your account, or if you ask that the proceeds be sent to a different person or address. Please note that a notary public is not an acceptable provider of a signature guarantee and that the Funds must be provided with the original guarantee. Signature guarantees are for the protection of Fund shareholders. Before they grant a redemption request, the Funds may require a shareholder to furnish additional legal documents to ensure proper authorization.
Accounts held by a corporation, trust, fiduciary or partnership, may require additional documentation along with a signature guaranteed letter of instruction. The Funds participate in the Paperless Legal Program (the “Program”), which eliminates the need for accompanying paper documentation on legal securities transfers. Requests received with a Medallion Signature Guarantee will be reviewed for the proper criteria to meet the guidelines of the Program and may not require additional documentation. Please contact Shareholder Services at 1-877-386-3944 for more information.
The sale price will be the NAV per share next determined after the Funds receive your request in proper form.
By Mail
To redeem shares by mail, please send a letter to the Funds signed by all registered parties on the account specifying:
● |
The Fund name; |
● |
The share class; |
● |
The account number; |
● |
The dollar amount or number of shares you wish to redeem; |
● |
The account name(s); and |
● |
The address to which redemption (sale) proceeds should be sent. |
All registered shareholders must sign the letter in the exact name(s) in which their account is registered and must designate any special capacity in which they are registered.
Regular Mail Address
Westwood Funds
P.O. Box 219009
Kansas City, MO 64121-9009
29
Express Mail Address
Westwood Funds
c/o DST Systems, Inc.
430 W. 7th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
The Funds do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services of sell orders does not constitute receipt by the Funds’ transfer agent. The share price used to fill the sell order is the next price calculated by a Fund after the Funds’ transfer agent receives the order in proper form at the P.O. Box provided for regular mail delivery or the office address provided for express mail delivery.
By Telephone
You must first establish the telephone redemption privilege (and, if desired, the wire or ACH redemption privileges) by completing the appropriate sections of the account application. Call 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944) to redeem your shares. Based on your instructions, a Fund will mail your proceeds to you, or send them to your bank via wire or ACH.
By Systematic Withdrawal Plan (via ACH)
If your account balance is at least $10,000, you may transfer as little as $100 per month from your account to another financial institution through a Systematic Withdrawal Plan (via ACH). To participate in this service, you must complete the appropriate sections of the account application and mail it to the Funds.
Receiving Your Money
Normally, a Fund will send your sale proceeds within one Business Day after it receives your redemption request. A Fund, however, may take up to seven days to pay redemption proceeds. Your proceeds can be wired to your bank account (may be subject to a $10 fee), sent to you by check or sent via ACH to your bank account if you have established banking instructions with a Fund. If you are selling shares that were recently purchased by check or through ACH, redemption proceeds may not be available until your check has cleared or the ACH transaction has been completed (which may take up to 15 days from your date of purchase).
A Fund typically expects to sell portfolio assets and/or hold cash or cash equivalents to meet redemption requests. On a less regular basis, a Fund may also meet redemption requests by using short-term borrowings from its custodian and/or redeeming shares in kind (as described below). These methods may be used during both normal and stressed market conditions.
Redemptions In Kind
The Funds generally pay sale (redemption) proceeds in cash. However, under unusual conditions that make the payment of cash unwise and for the protection of the Funds’ remaining shareholders, the Funds might pay all or part of your redemption proceeds in securities with a market value equal to the redemption price (redemption in kind). It is highly unlikely that your shares would ever be redeemed in kind, but if they were, you would have to pay transaction costs to sell the securities distributed to you, as well as taxes on any capital gains from the sale as with any redemption. In addition, you would continue to be subject to the risks of any market fluctuation in the value of the securities you receive in kind until they are sold.
30
Involuntary Redemptions of Your Shares
If your account balance drops below $1,000 because of redemptions, you may be required to sell your shares. The Funds will provide you at least 30 days’ written notice to give you time to add to your account and avoid the involuntary redemption of your shares. The Funds reserve the right to waive the minimum account value requirement in their sole discretion.
Suspension of Your Right to Sell Your Shares
The Funds may suspend your right to sell your shares or delay payment of redemption proceeds for more than seven days during times when the NYSE is closed, other than during customary weekends or holidays, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC. More information about this is in the SAI.
How to Exchange Fund Shares
At no charge, you may exchange between like share classes or different share classes of any Westwood Fund, where offered, by writing to or calling the Fund. Exchanges are subject to the eligibility requirements and the fees and expenses of the share class you exchange into, as set forth in the applicable prospectus. You may only exchange shares between accounts with identical registrations (i.e., the same names and addresses). An exchange between share classes of the same Fund is not a taxable event.
The exchange privilege is not intended as a vehicle for short-term or excessive trading. The Funds may suspend or terminate your exchange privilege if you engage in a pattern of exchanges that is excessive, as determined in the sole discretion of the Funds. For more information about the Funds’ policy on excessive trading, see “Excessive Trading Policies and Procedures.”
Telephone Transactions
Purchasing, selling and exchanging Fund shares over the telephone is extremely convenient, but not without risk. Although the Funds have certain safeguards and procedures to confirm the identity of callers and the authenticity of instructions, the Funds are not responsible for any losses or costs incurred by following telephone instructions they reasonably believe to be genuine. If you or your financial institution transact with the Funds over the telephone, you will generally bear the risk of any loss.
Front-End Sales Charges – A Class Shares
The offering price of A Class Shares is the next calculated NAV after the Funds receive your request, plus the front-end sales charge. The amount of any front-end sales charge included in your offering price varies depending on the amount of your investment.
If Your Investment Is: |
Your Sales Charge
|
Your Sales Charge
|
Dealer Reallowance
|
Less than $50,000 |
3.00% |
3.09% |
3.00% |
$50,000 but less than $100,000 |
2.00% |
2.04% |
2.00% |
$100,000 but less than $250,000 |
1.00% |
1.01% |
1.00% |
$250,000 and over1 |
None |
None |
None |
1 |
A Class Shares purchases of $250,000 or more may be subject to a 1.00% Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) if redeemed within 18 months of purchase. See “Contingent Deferred Sales Charges” below for more information. |
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You may qualify for reduced sales charges or sales charge waivers. If you believe that you may qualify for a reduction or waiver of the sales charge, you should discuss this matter with your broker or other financial intermediary. To qualify for these reductions or waivers, you or your financial intermediary must provide sufficient information at the time of purchase to verify that your purchase qualifies for such treatment. This information could be used to aggregate, for example, holdings in personal or retirement accounts, Fund shares owned by your family members, and holdings in accounts at other brokers or financial intermediaries. The Funds or your financial intermediary may request documentation from you in order to verify your eligibility for a breakpoint discount. This information may include account statements and records regarding Fund shares held at all financial intermediaries by you and members of your family. In addition to breakpoint discounts, the following sections describe other circumstances in which sales charges are waived or otherwise may be reduced. Your financial intermediary may not offer any or all of the waivers or discounts discussed below, in which case you would be required to purchase A Class Shares directly from a Fund or through another intermediary in order to receive the desired waiver or discount. Investors investing in a Fund through an intermediary should consult “Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions Available Through Certain Financial Intermediaries” below, and Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers, which includes information regarding broker-defined sales charges and related discount and/or waiver policies that apply to purchases through certain intermediaries.
Waiver of Front-End Sales Charge – A Class Shares
Certain investors may be eligible for a waiver of the sales loads due to the nature of the investors and/or the reduced sales efforts necessary to obtain their investments. The front-end sales charge will be waived on A Class Shares purchased:
● |
Through reinvestment of dividends and distributions; |
● |
Through an account advised or sub-advised by the Adviser or its affiliates; |
● |
By persons repurchasing shares they redeemed within the last 90 days (see “Repurchase of A Class Shares”); |
● |
By employees, officers and directors, and members of their family, of the Adviser and its affiliates; |
● |
By persons reinvesting distributions from qualified employee benefit retirement plans and rollovers from IRAs as long as the plan was previously invested in one or more Westwood Funds; |
● |
By investors who purchase shares with redemption proceeds (but only to the extent of such redemption proceeds) from another investment company within 30 days of such redemption, provided that the investors paid either a front-end or contingent deferred sales charge on the original shares redeemed; |
● |
Through dealers, retirement plans, asset allocation programs and financial institutions that, under their dealer agreements with the distributor or otherwise, do not receive any portion of the front-end sales charge; |
● |
Purchases by registered representatives and other employees of certain financial intermediaries (and their family members) having selling agreements with the Adviser or distributor; and |
● |
Certain other investors as deemed appropriate by the Adviser. |
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You should inquire with your financial intermediary regarding whether a waiver of front-end sales charge is applicable to you.
Repurchase of A Class Shares
You may repurchase any amount of A Class Shares of any Fund at NAV (without the normal front-end sales charge), up to the limit of the value of any amount of A Class Shares (other than those which were purchased with reinvested dividends and distributions) that you redeemed within the past 90 days. In effect, this allows you to reacquire shares that you may have had to redeem, without repaying the front-end sales charge. To exercise this privilege, a Fund must receive your purchase order within 90 days of your redemption. In addition, you must notify your investment professional or institution when you send in your purchase order that you are repurchasing shares. Certain tax rules may limit your ability to recognize a loss on the redemption of your A Class Shares, and you should consult your tax advisor if recognizing such a loss is important to you.
Rights of Accumulation
In calculating the appropriate sales charge rate, this right allows you to add the value of the A Class Shares you already own to the amount that you are currently purchasing. The Funds will combine the value of your current purchases with the current value of any A Class Shares you purchased previously for (i) your account, (ii) your spouse’s account, (iii) a joint account with your spouse, or (iv) your minor children’s trust or custodial accounts. A fiduciary purchasing shares for the same fiduciary account, trust or estate may also use this right of accumulation. If your investment qualifies for a reduced sales load due to accumulation of purchases, you must notify the transfer agent at the time of purchase of the existence of other accounts and/or holdings eligible to be aggregated to reduce or eliminate the sales load. You may be required to provide records, such as account statements, regarding Fund shares held by you or related accounts at the Funds or at other financial intermediaries in order to verify your eligibility for a breakpoint discount. You will receive the reduced sales load only on the additional purchases and not retroactively on previous purchases. The Funds may amend or terminate this right of accumulation at any time.
Letter of Intent
You may purchase A Class Shares at the sales charge rate applicable to the total amount of the purchases you intend to make over a 13-month period. In other words, a Letter of Intent allows you to purchase A Class Shares of a Fund over a 13-month period and receive the same sales charge as if you had purchased all the shares at the same time. The Fund will only consider the value of A Class Shares sold subject to a sales charge. As a result, shares of the A Class Shares purchased with dividends or distributions will not be included in the calculation. To be entitled to a reduced sales charge on the purchase of A Class Shares based on shares you intend to purchase over the 13-month period, you must send the Fund a Letter of Intent. In calculating the total amount of purchases, you may include in your Letter purchases made up to 90 days before the date of the Letter. Purchases resulting from the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains do not apply toward fulfillment of the Letter. The 13-month period begins on the date of the first purchase, including those purchases made in the 90-day period before the date of the Letter. Please note that the purchase price of these prior purchases will not be adjusted.
You are not legally bound by the terms of your Letter of Intent to purchase the amount of your shares stated in the Letter. The Letter does, however, authorize the Fund to hold in escrow 5% of the total amount you intend to purchase. If you do not complete the total intended purchase of A Class Shares at the end of the 13-month period, the Fund’s transfer agent will redeem the necessary portion of the escrowed shares to make up the difference between the reduced rate sales charge
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(based on the amount you intended to purchase) and the sales charge that would normally apply (based on the actual amount you purchased).
Combined Purchase/Quantity Discount Privilege
When calculating the appropriate sales charge rate, a Fund will combine same-day purchases of A Class Shares (that are subject to a sales charge) made by you, your spouse and your minor children (under age 21). This combination also applies to A Class Shares you purchase with a Letter of Intent.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charges
You will not pay a front-end sales charge if you purchase $250,000 or more of A Class Shares. However, A Class Shares purchases of $250,000 or more made on or after September 3, 2019 may be subject to a 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 18 months of purchase. The CDSC will be based on the lesser of (1) the NAV of the shares at the time of purchase or (2) the NAV of the shares next calculated after a Fund receives your redemption request. The sales charge does not apply to shares you purchase through reinvestment of dividends or distributions. So, you never pay a CDSC on any increase in your investment above the initial offering price. The sales charge does not apply to exchanges of A Class Shares of one fund for A Class Shares of another fund in the Westwood Funds complex.
In addition, the CDSC may be waived under the following circumstances:
● |
in the event of total disability (as evidenced by a determination by the federal Social Security Administration) of the shareholder (including a registered joint owner) occurring after the purchase of the A Class Shares being redeemed; |
● |
in the event of the death of the shareholder (including a registered joint owner); and |
● |
redemptions of A Class Shares where the Funds’ distributor did not pay a sales commission when such shares were purchased. |
Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions Available Through Certain Financial Intermediaries
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from a Fund or through a financial intermediary. Different intermediaries may impose different sales charges (including potential reductions in or waivers of sales charges). Such intermediary-specific sales charge variations are described in Appendix A to this Prospectus, entitled “Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers.” Appendix A is incorporated herein by reference and, therefore, is legally a part of this Prospectus.
In all instances, it is the purchaser’s responsibility to notify a Fund or the purchaser’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from a Fund or through another intermediary to receive such waivers or discounts.
General Information about Sales Charges
Your securities dealer is paid a commission when you buy your shares and is paid a servicing fee as long as you hold your shares. Your securities dealer or servicing agent may receive different levels of compensation depending on which class of shares you buy. The Funds’ distributor may pay dealers up to 1.00% on investments of $250,000 or more in A Class Shares. From time to time, some financial
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institutions may be reallowed up to the entire sales charge. Firms that receive a reallowance of the entire sales charge may be considered underwriters for the purpose of federal securities law.
The Funds’ distributor may, from time to time in its sole discretion, institute one or more promotional incentive programs for dealers, which will be paid for by the Funds’ distributor from any sales charge it receives or from any other source available to it. Under any such program, the Funds’ distributor may provide cash or non-cash compensation as recognition for past sales or encouragement for future sales that may include merchandise, travel expenses, prizes, meals, lodgings, and gifts that do not exceed $100 per year, per individual.
Information regarding the Funds’ sales charges may be obtained free of charge by calling toll-free 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
Because this Prospectus is available on the Funds’ website free of charge, the Funds do not separately make information regarding the Funds’ sales charges available on the website.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Funds and/or the Adviser may compensate financial intermediaries for providing a variety of services to the Funds and/or their shareholders. Financial intermediaries include affiliated or unaffiliated brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), trust companies, registered investment advisers, financial planners, retirement plan administrators, insurance companies, and any other institution having a service, administration, or any similar arrangement with the Funds, their service providers or their respective affiliates. This section briefly describes how financial intermediaries may be paid for providing these services. For more information, please see “Payments to Financial Intermediaries” in the SAI.
Distribution Plan
The Funds have adopted a distribution plan under Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act for A Class Shares that allows the Funds to pay distribution and/or service fees for the sale and distribution of Fund shares, and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of a Fund’s assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. The maximum annual Rule 12b-1 Fee for A Class Shares of a Fund is 0.25%. A financial intermediary that receives a 1.00% upfront commission on a purchase of A Class Shares of $250,000 or more will generally become eligible to receive the Rule 12b-1 Fees with respect to such shares beginning in the 13th month following the date of the purchase.
Other Payments by the Funds
The Funds may enter into agreements with financial intermediaries pursuant to which the Funds may pay financial intermediaries for non-distribution-related sub-transfer agency, administrative, sub-accounting, and other shareholder services. Payments made pursuant to such agreements are generally based on either (1) a percentage of the average daily net assets of Fund shareholders serviced by a financial intermediary, or (2) the number of Fund shareholders serviced by a financial intermediary. Any payments made pursuant to such agreements may be in addition to, rather than in lieu of, distribution fees the Funds may pay to financial intermediaries pursuant to the Funds’ distribution plan.
Payments by the Adviser
From time to time, the Adviser and/or its affiliates, in their discretion, may make payments to certain affiliated or unaffiliated financial intermediaries to compensate them for the costs associated with
35
distribution, marketing, administration and shareholder servicing support for the Funds. These payments are sometimes characterized as “revenue sharing” payments and are made out of the Adviser’s and/or its affiliates’ own legitimate profits or other resources, and may be in addition to any payments made to financial intermediaries by the Funds. A financial intermediary may provide these services with respect to Fund shares sold or held through programs such as retirement plans, qualified tuition programs, fund supermarkets, fee-based advisory or wrap fee programs, bank trust programs, and insurance (e.g., individual or group annuity) programs. In addition, financial intermediaries may receive payments for making shares of the Funds available to their customers or registered representatives, including providing the Funds with “shelf space,” placing them on a preferred or recommended fund list, or promoting the Funds in certain sales programs that are sponsored by financial intermediaries. To the extent permitted by SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) rules and other applicable laws and regulations, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may pay or allow other promotional incentives or payments to financial intermediaries.
The level of payments made by the Adviser and/or its affiliates to individual financial intermediaries varies in any given year and may be negotiated on the basis of sales of Fund shares, the amount of Fund assets serviced by the financial intermediary or the quality of the financial intermediary’s relationship with the Adviser and/or its affiliates. These payments may be more or less than the payments received by the financial intermediaries from other mutual funds and may influence a financial intermediary to favor the sales of certain funds or share classes over others. In certain instances, the payments could be significant and may cause a conflict of interest for your financial intermediary. Any such payments will not change the NAV or price of a Fund’s shares. Please contact your financial intermediary for information about any payments it may receive in connection with the sale of Fund shares or the provision of services to Fund shareholders.
In addition to these payments, your financial intermediary may charge you account fees, commissions or transaction fees for buying or redeeming shares of the Funds, or other fees for servicing your account. Your financial intermediary should provide a schedule of its fees and services to you upon request.
Excessive Trading Policies and Procedures
The Funds are intended for long-term investment purposes only and discourage shareholders from engaging in “market timing” or other types of excessive short-term trading. This frequent trading into and out of the Funds may present risks to the Funds’ long-term shareholders and could adversely affect shareholder returns. The risks posed by frequent trading include interfering with the efficient implementation of the Funds’ investment strategies, triggering the recognition of taxable gains and losses on the sale of Fund investments, requiring the Funds to maintain higher cash balances to meet redemption requests, and experiencing increased transaction costs.
In addition, because the Funds may invest in foreign securities traded primarily on markets that close prior to the time a Fund determines its NAV, the risks posed by frequent trading may have a greater potential to dilute the value of Fund shares held by long-term shareholders than funds investing exclusively in U.S. securities. In instances where a significant event that affects the value of one or more foreign securities held by a Fund takes place after the close of the primary foreign market, but before the time that the Fund determines its NAV, certain investors may seek to take advantage of the fact that there will be a delay in the adjustment of the market price for a security caused by this event until the foreign market reopens (sometimes referred to as “price” or “time zone” arbitrage). Shareholders who attempt this type of arbitrage may dilute the value of a Fund’s shares if the prices of the Fund’s foreign securities do not reflect their fair values. Although each Fund has
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procedures designed to determine the fair value of foreign securities for purposes of calculating its NAV when such an event has occurred, fair value pricing, because it involves judgments which are inherently subjective, may not always eliminate the risk of price arbitrage.
In addition, Funds that invest in small- and mid-cap securities, which often trade in lower volumes and may be less liquid, may be more susceptible to the risks posed by frequent trading because frequent transactions in the Funds’ shares may have a greater impact on the market prices of these types of securities.
The Funds’ service providers will take steps reasonably designed to detect and deter frequent trading by shareholders pursuant to the Funds’ policies and procedures described in this Prospectus and approved by the Board. For purposes of applying these policies, the Funds’ service providers may consider the trading history of accounts under common ownership or control. The Funds’ policies and procedures include:
● |
Shareholders are restricted from making more than 4 “round trips,” including exchanges, into or out of any Fund over any rolling 12 month period. If a shareholder exceeds this amount, the Funds and/or their service providers may, at their discretion, reject any additional purchase or exchange orders. The Funds define a “round trip” as a purchase or exchange into a Fund by a shareholder, followed by a subsequent redemption out of the Fund, of an amount the Adviser reasonably believes would be harmful or disruptive to the Fund. |
● |
Each Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase or exchange request by any investor or group of investors for any reason without prior notice, including, in particular, if the Fund or the Adviser reasonably believes that the trading activity would be harmful or disruptive to the Fund. |
The Funds and/or their service providers seek to apply these policies to the best of their abilities uniformly and in a manner they believe is consistent with the interests of the Funds’ long-term shareholders. The Funds do not knowingly accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions by Fund shareholders. Although these policies are designed to deter frequent trading, none of these measures alone nor all of them taken together eliminate the possibility that frequent trading in the Funds will occur. Systematic purchases and redemptions are exempt from these policies.
Financial intermediaries (such as investment advisers and broker-dealers) often establish omnibus accounts in the Funds for their customers through which transactions are placed. The Funds have entered into “information sharing agreements” with these financial intermediaries, which permit the Funds to obtain, upon request, information about the trading activity of the intermediary’s customers that invest in the Funds. If the Funds or their service providers identify omnibus account level trading patterns that have the potential to be detrimental to the Funds, the Funds or their service providers may, in their sole discretion, request from the financial intermediary information concerning the trading activity of its customers. Based upon a review of that information, if the Funds or their service providers determine that the trading activity of any customer may be detrimental to the Funds, they may, in their sole discretion, request the financial intermediary to restrict or limit further trading in the Funds by that customer. If the Funds are not satisfied that the intermediary has taken appropriate action, the Funds may terminate the intermediary’s ability to transact in Fund shares. When information regarding transactions in the Funds’ shares is requested by the Funds and such information is in the possession of a person that is itself a financial intermediary to a financial intermediary (an “indirect intermediary”), any financial intermediary with whom the Funds have an information sharing agreement is obligated to obtain transaction information from the indirect intermediary or, if directed by the Funds, to restrict or prohibit the indirect intermediary from purchasing shares of the Funds on behalf of other persons.
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The Funds and their service providers will use reasonable efforts to work with financial intermediaries to identify excessive short-term trading in omnibus accounts that may be detrimental to the Funds. However, there can be no assurance that the monitoring of omnibus account level trading will enable the Funds to identify or prevent all such trading by a financial intermediary’s customers. Please contact your financial intermediary for more information.
Customer Identification and Verification
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account.
What this means to you: When you open an account, the Funds will ask your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow the Funds to identify you. This information is subject to verification to ensure the identity of all persons opening a mutual fund account.
The Funds are required by law to reject your new account application if the required identifying information is not provided.
In certain instances, the Funds are required to collect documents to fulfill their legal obligation. Documents provided in connection with your application will be used solely to establish and verify your identity.
Attempts to collect the missing information required on the application will be performed by either contacting you or, if applicable, your broker. If this information cannot be obtained within a reasonable timeframe established in the sole discretion of the Funds, your application will be rejected.
Upon receipt of your application in proper form (or upon receipt of all identifying information required on the application), your investment will be accepted and your order will be processed at the next-determined NAV per share.
The Funds reserve the right to close or liquidate your account at the next-determined NAV and remit proceeds to you via check if they are unable to verify your identity. Attempts to verify your identity will be performed within a reasonable timeframe established in the sole discretion of the Funds. Further, the Funds reserve the right to hold your proceeds until your original check clears the bank, which may take up to 15 days from the date of purchase. In such an instance, you may be subject to a gain or loss on Fund shares and will be subject to corresponding tax implications.
Anti-Money Laundering Program
Customer identification and verification is part of the Funds’ overall obligation to deter money laundering under federal law. The Funds have adopted an anti-money laundering compliance program designed to prevent the Funds from being used for money laundering or the financing of illegal activities. In this regard, the Funds reserve the right to: (i) refuse, cancel or rescind any purchase or exchange order; (ii) freeze any account and/or suspend account services; or (iii) involuntarily close your account in cases of threatening conduct or suspected fraudulent or illegal activity. These actions will be taken when, in the sole discretion of Fund management, they are deemed to be in the best interest of the Funds or in cases when the Funds are requested or compelled to do so by governmental or law enforcement authority. If your account is closed at the request of governmental or law enforcement authority, you may not receive proceeds of the redemption if the Funds are required to withhold such proceeds.
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Unclaimed Property
Each state has unclaimed property rules that generally provide for escheatment (or transfer) to the state of unclaimed property under various circumstances. Such circumstances include inactivity (e.g., no owner-initiated contact for a certain period), returned mail (e.g., when mail sent to a shareholder is returned by the post office, or “RPO,” as undeliverable), or a combination of both inactivity and returned mail. Once it flags property as unclaimed, the applicable Fund will attempt to contact the shareholder, but if that attempt is unsuccessful, the account may be considered abandoned and escheated to the state.
Shareholders that reside in the state of Texas may designate a representative to receive escheatment notifications by completing and submitting a designation form that can be found on the website of the Texas Comptroller. While the designated representative does not have any rights to claim or access the shareholder’s account or assets, the escheatment period will cease if the representative communicates knowledge of the shareholder’s location and confirms that the shareholder has not abandoned his or her property. A completed designation form may be mailed to the Funds (if shares are held directly with the Funds) or to the shareholder’s financial intermediary (if shares are not held directly with the Funds).
More information on unclaimed property and how to maintain an active account is available through your state or by calling 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
The Westwood SmallCap Fund distributes its net investment income and makes distributions of its net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually. The Westwood Income Opportunity Fund distributes its net investment income quarterly and makes distributions of its net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually.
If you own Fund shares on a Fund’s record date, you will be entitled to receive the distribution. You will receive dividends and distributions in the form of additional Fund shares unless you elect to receive payment in cash. To elect cash payment, you must notify the Funds in writing prior to the date of the distribution. Your election will be effective for dividends and distributions paid after the Funds receive your written notice. To cancel your election, simply send the Funds written notice.
Please consult your tax advisor regarding your specific questions about federal, state and local income taxes. The following is a summary of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the Funds. This summary is based on current tax laws, which may change. This summary does not apply to shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plans, which are generally not subject to current tax. Transactions relating to shares held in such accounts may, however, be taxable at some time in the future.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) makes significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and would apply only to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. There are only minor changes with respect to the specific rules only applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”), such as the Funds. The Tax Act, however, makes numerous other changes to the tax rules that may affect shareholders and the Funds. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding how the Tax Act affects your investment in the Funds.
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The Funds intend to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as RICs under the Code. In order to do so each Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from qualifying income and diversify its assets as described in more detail in the SAI. Certain investments of a Fund generally do not generate qualifying income if made directly by such Fund. For example, certain Funds intend to invest in royalty trusts. Depending on the U.S. federal income tax classification of these royalty trusts in which a Fund invests, securities issued by certain royalty trusts (such as royalty trusts which are grantor trusts for U.S. federal income tax purposes) may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the requirements to be treated as a RIC under the Code. Additionally, a Fund may be deemed to directly own the assets of each royalty trust, and would need to look to such assets when determining its compliance with the diversification requirements under the Code. Certain Canadian royalty trusts may be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and distributions from such may be qualifying income when received by a Fund. Each Fund will monitor its investments in royalty trusts with the objective of maintaining its continued qualification as a RIC under the Code.
The Funds intend to distribute substantially all of their net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any. The dividends and distributions you receive, whether in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Funds, may be subject to federal, state, and local taxation, depending upon your tax situation. Income distributions, including distributions of net short-term capital gains but excluding distributions of qualified dividend income, are generally taxable at ordinary income tax rates. Distributions that are reported by the Funds as long-term capital gains and as qualified dividend income are generally taxable at the rates applicable to long-term capital gains and currently set at a maximum tax rate for individuals at 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets). Once a year the Funds (or their administrative agent) will send you a statement showing the types and total amount of distributions you received during the previous year.
You should note that if you purchase shares just before a distribution, the purchase price would reflect the amount of the upcoming distribution. In this case, you would be taxed on the entire amount of the distribution received, even though, as an economic matter, the distribution simply constitutes a return of your investment. This is known as “buying a dividend” and should be avoided by taxable investors.
Each sale of Fund shares may be a taxable event. For tax purposes, an exchange of your Fund shares for shares of a different fund is the same as a sale. A sale may result in a capital gain or loss to you. The gain or loss on the sale of Fund shares generally will be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss if you held the shares for 12 months or less, or a long-term capital gain or loss if you held the shares for longer. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by you with respect to the Fund shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if you purchase other substantially identical shares within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” including interest, dividends, and capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund).
The Funds (or their administrative agent) must report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to Fund shareholders cost basis information for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 and sold on or after that date. In addition to reporting the gross proceeds from the sale of Fund shares, a Fund (or its administrative agent) is also required to report the cost basis information for such shares and indicate whether these shares have a short-term or long-term holding period.
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For each sale of Fund shares, a Fund will permit its shareholders to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including the average basis method. In the absence of an election, a Fund will use the average basis method as the default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected by Fund shareholders (or the cost basis method applied by default) for each sale of Fund shares may not be changed after the settlement date of each such sale of Fund shares. Fund shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about cost basis reporting. Shareholders also should carefully review the cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.
To the extent a Fund invests in foreign securities, it may be subject to foreign withholding taxes with respect to dividends or interest the Fund received from sources in foreign countries. If more than 50% of the total assets of a Fund consists of foreign securities, such Fund will be eligible to elect to treat some of those taxes as a distribution to shareholders, which would allow shareholders to offset some of their U.S. federal income tax. A Fund (or its administrative agent) will notify you if it makes such an election and provide you with the information necessary to reflect foreign taxes paid on your income tax return.
Because each shareholder’s tax situation is different, you should consult your tax advisor about the tax implications of an investment in the Funds.
More information about taxes is in the SAI.
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The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Funds’ investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent, accountants, administrator and distributor, who provide services to the Funds. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third-party”) beneficiaries of, any of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any individual shareholder or group of shareholders any right to enforce the terms of the contractual arrangements against the service providers or to seek any remedy under the contractual arrangements against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the Trust.
This Prospectus and the SAI provide information concerning the Trust and the Funds that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Funds. The Funds may make changes to this information from time to time. Neither this Prospectus, the SAI or any document filed as an exhibit to the Trust’s registration statement, is intended to, nor does it, give rise to an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Funds and any shareholder, or give rise to any contract or other rights in any individual shareholder, group of shareholders or other person other than any rights conferred explicitly by federal or state securities laws that may not be waived.
42
The tables that follow present performance information about the A Class Shares of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund. This information is intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the past five fiscal years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of dividends and distributions). The information for the six months ended April 30, 2019 has been derived from the Fund’s unaudited financial statements, which are included in the Semi-Annual Report of the Fund, which is available upon request by calling the Fund at 1-877-386-3944. The information for the periods ended on or before October 31, 2018 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm of the Fund, whose report, along with the Fund’s audited financial statements, is included in the 2018 Annual Report of the Fund, which is available upon request by calling the Fund at 1-877-386-3944.
Because A Class Shares of the Westwood SmallCap Fund were not in operation as of the date of this Prospectus, financial highlights are not available.
43
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund A Class Shares
Selected Per Shares Data & Ratios
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2019(2) |
2018 |
2017 |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value Beginning of Period |
$ | 15.30 | $ | 15.71 | $ | 14.57 | $ | 14.37 | $ | 14.87 | $ | 13.61 | ||||||||||||
Income (Loss) From Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Investment Income^^ |
0.13 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.22 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments |
0.74 | (0.11 | ) | 1.18 | 0.21 | (0.37 | ) | 1.21 | ||||||||||||||||
Total from Operations |
0.87 | 0.13 | 1.40 | 0.42 | (0.16 | ) | 1.43 | |||||||||||||||||
Dividends and Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends from Net Investment Income |
(0.15 | ) | (0.24 | ) | (0.19 | ) | (0.19 | ) | (0.19 | ) | (0.15 | ) | ||||||||||||
Distributions from Realized Net Gains |
(0.63 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.15 | ) | (0.02 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total Dividends and Distributions |
(0.78 | ) | (0.54 | ) | (0.26 | ) | (0.22 | ) | (0.34 | ) | (0.17 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net Asset Value End of Period |
$ | 15.39 | $ | 15.30 | $ | 15.71 | $ | 14.57 | $ | 14.37 | $ | 14.87 | ||||||||||||
Total Return†† |
6.16 | % | 0.78 | % | 9.71 | % | 2.96 | % | (1.05 | )% | 10.56 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios and Supplemental Data |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets End of Period (000) |
$ | 70,757 | $ | 74,510 | $ | 98,976 | $ | 123,030 | $ | 144,239 | $ | 215,541 | ||||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets |
1.10 | %* | 1.08 | % | 1.08 | % | 1.09 | % | 1.09 | % | 1.09 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets (Excluding Waivers and Recovered Fees) |
1.10 | %* | 1.08 | % | 1.08 | % | 1.09 | % | 1.09 | % | 1.09 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets |
1.71 | %* | 1.56 | % | 1.45 | % | 1.49 | % | 1.41 | % | 1.55 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate |
10 | %** | 42 | % | 34 | % | 22 | % | 24 | % | 19 | % |
* |
Annualized. |
** |
Not Annualized. |
(1) |
Year ended October 31, 2018, unless otherwise indicated. |
(2) |
For the six month period ended April 30, 2019. All ratios have been annualized. |
^^ |
Calculation performed using average shares for the period. |
†† |
Total return is for the period indicated and has not been annualized. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares. |
44
The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund
WESTWOOD FUNDS
Investment Adviser
Westwood Management Corp.
200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75201
Distributor
SEI Investments Distribution Co.
One Freedom Valley Drive
Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456
Legal Counsel
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
1701 Market Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
More information about the Funds is available, without charge, through the following:
Appendix A to the Prospectus - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers
Appendix A contains more information about specific sales charge discounts and waivers available for shareholders who purchase Fund shares through a specific financial intermediary. Appendix A is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. This means that Appendix A, for legal purposes, is a part of this Prospectus.
Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”): The SAI, dated September 3, 2019, as it may be amended from time to time, includes detailed information about the Funds and The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund. The SAI is on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. This means that the SAI, for legal purposes, is a part of this Prospectus.
Annual and Semi-Annual Reports: These reports list the Funds’ holdings and contain information from the Adviser about investment strategies, and recent market conditions and trends and their impact on Fund performance. The reports also contain detailed financial information about the Funds.
To obtain more information about the Funds or to request a copy of the documents listed above:
By Telephone: |
1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944) |
By Mail: |
Westwood Funds
|
By Internet: |
www.westwoodfunds.com |
From the SEC: You can also obtain the SAI or the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports, as well as other information about The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund, from the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at: http://www.sec.gov. You may also obtain this information, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by e-mailing the SEC at the following address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund’s Investment Company Act registration number is 811-06400.
WHG-PS-023-0100
Appendix A
Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers
Specific intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser’s responsibility to notify a Fund or the purchaser’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from a Fund or through another intermediary to receive such waivers or discounts. Please see the “Sales Charges” section of the A Class Shares and C Class Shares Prospectuses for more information on sales charge discounts and waivers.
The following descriptions of financial intermediary sales charge waivers, discounts, policies or procedures, as the case may be, are reproduced based on information provided by the intermediary. The financial intermediary sales charge waivers, discounts, policies or procedures disclosed in this Appendix may vary from those disclosed in the A Class Shares and C Class Shares Prospectuses or SAI and are subject to change. This Appendix will be updated based on information provided by the financial intermediaries. Neither the Funds, nor the Adviser, nor the Distributor supervises the implementation of financial intermediary sales charge waivers, discounts, policies or procedures nor do they verify the intermediaries’ administration of such waivers, discounts, policies or procedures.
The information in this Appendix is part of, and incorporated into, the A Class Shares and C Class Shares Prospectuses.
Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. and each entity’s affiliates (“Raymond James”)
Effective March 1, 2019, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account, or through an introducing broker-dealer or independent registered investment adviser for which Raymond James provides trade execution, clearance, and/or custody services, will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and CDSC waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the A Class Shares and C Class Shares Prospectuses or SAI.
Front-end sales load waivers on A Class Shares available at Raymond James
● |
Shares purchased in an investment advisory program. |
● |
Shares purchased within the Westwood Fund family through a systematic reinvestment of capital gains and dividend distributions. |
● |
Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James. |
● |
Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the Westwood Fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement). |
● |
A shareholder in a Fund’s C Class Shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to A Class Shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James. |
A-1
CDSC Waivers on A Class Shares and C Class Shares available at Raymond James
● |
Death or disability of the shareholder. |
● |
Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the A Class Shares and C Class Shares Prospectuses. |
● |
Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account. |
● |
Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½. |
● |
Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James. |
● |
Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement. |
Front-end load discounts available at Raymond James: breakpoints, rights of accumulation, and/or letters of intent
● |
Breakpoints as described in the A Class Shares Prospectus. |
● |
Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of Westwood Fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser’s household at Raymond James. Eligible Westwood Fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of rights of accumulation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets. |
● |
Letters of intent which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within the Westwood Fund family, over a 13-month time period. Eligible Westwood Fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of letters of intent only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets. |
A-2
The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund
Westwood SmallCap Fund
Ticker Symbol: WHGCX
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund
Ticker Symbol: WWICX
C Class Shares Prospectus
September 3, 2019
Investment Adviser:
Westwood Management Corp.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved
these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this Prospectus.
Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Beginning on March 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of a Fund’s shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from the Fund or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.
If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from a Fund electronically by contacting your financial intermediary.
You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can follow the instructions included with this disclosure, if applicable, or you can contact your financial intermediary to inform it that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with a Fund, you can inform a Fund that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports by calling 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944). Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with your financial intermediary if you invest through a financial intermediary or all Westwood Funds if you invest directly with a Fund.
About This Prospectus |
This Prospectus has been arranged into different sections so that you can easily review this important information. For detailed information about each Fund, please see:
Page |
|
How to Obtain More Information about the Funds | Back Cover |
Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers | Appendix A |
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
The investment objective of the Westwood SmallCap Fund (the “Fund”) is to seek long-term capital appreciation.
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold C Class Shares of the Fund. More information about sales charges is available (i) from your financial professional and (ii) in the section “Sales Charges” on page 33 of this Prospectus. Investors investing in the Fund through an intermediary should consult Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers, which includes information regarding broker-defined sales charges and related discount and/or waiver policies that apply to purchases through certain intermediaries.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
C Class Shares |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of net asset value) |
1.00%1 |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and Other Distributions (as a percentage of offering price) |
None |
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable) |
None |
1 |
C Class Shares may be subject to a 1.00% Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) if redeemed within 12 months of purchase. |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
C Class Shares |
|
Management Fees |
0.85% |
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
1.00% |
Other Expenses |
0.10% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
1.95% |
Less Fee Reductions and/or Expense Reimbursements1 |
(0.16)% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Reductions and/or Expense Reimbursements |
1.79% |
1 |
Westwood Management Corp. (the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to reduce fees and reimburse expenses in order to keep Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses for C Class Shares (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses (collectively, “excluded expenses”)) from exceeding 1.79% of the Fund’s C Class Shares’ average daily net assets until February 28, 2021. In addition, the Adviser may receive from the Fund the difference between the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (not including excluded expenses) and the expense cap to recoup all or a portion of its prior fee reductions or expense reimbursements made during the three-year period preceding the recoupment if at any point Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (not including excluded expenses) are below the expense cap (i) at the time of the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement and (ii) at the time of the recoupment. This Agreement may be terminated: (i) by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund (the “Trust”), for any reason at any time; or (ii) by the Adviser, upon ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the Trust, effective as of the close of business on February 28, 2021. |
1
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses (including capped expenses for the period described in the footnote to the fee table) remain the same.
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
$280 |
$674 |
$1,110 |
$2,323 |
You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your shares:
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
$182 |
$580 |
$1,021 |
$2,245 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual Fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During its most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 50% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in equity securities of small-cap companies. This investment policy may be changed by the Fund upon 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders. The Fund considers small-cap companies to be those companies within the market capitalization range of the Russell 2000 Index at the time of initial purchase. While the market capitalization range of the Russell 2000 Index changes throughout the year, as of the most recent annual reconstitution of the index on June 29, 2019, the market capitalization range of the companies in the index was between $39.7 million and $10.24 billion. The equity securities in which the Fund invests are primarily common stocks, but may also include shares of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), royalty trusts, and master limited partnerships (“MLPs”). The Fund generally invests in securities of domestic companies, but may also invest in equity securities of foreign companies and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). In the event the Fund invests in foreign securities and ADRs, the Adviser expects that the Fund’s investment in such securities would normally represent less than 25% of the Fund’s assets.
The Fund invests in approximately 50-70 securities that are well diversified among market sectors. The Adviser selects securities for the Fund that it believes are currently undervalued in the market and offer an attractive opportunity for price appreciation coupled with downside risk limitation. Key metrics for evaluating the risk/return profile of an investment may include strong free cash flow, an improving return on equity, a strengthening balance sheet and, in the case of common
2
equities, positive earnings surprises without a corresponding change in the stock price. The Adviser has disciplines in place that serve as sell signals, such as a security reaching a predetermined price target, a change to a company’s fundamentals that makes the risk/return profile unattractive, or a need to improve the overall risk/return profile of the Fund. The Adviser will not necessarily sell a security that has appreciated or depreciated outside the Fund’s target capitalization range.
As with all mutual funds, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. You could lose money by investing in the Fund. A Fund share is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The principal risk factors affecting shareholders’ investments in the Fund are set forth below.
Equity Risk – Since it purchases equity securities, the Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Historically, the equity markets have moved in cycles, and the value of the Fund’s equity securities may fluctuate drastically from day to day. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response. These factors contribute to price volatility, which is the principal risk of investing in the Fund.
Small-Capitalization Company Risk – The small-capitalization companies in which the Fund will invest may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies. In particular, investments in these small-sized companies may pose additional risks, including liquidity risk, because these companies tend to have limited product lines, markets and financial resources, and may depend upon a relatively small management group. Therefore, small-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies. These securities may be traded over-the-counter or listed on an exchange.
Investment Style Risk – The Fund pursues a “value style” of investing. Value investing focuses on companies with stocks that appear undervalued in light of factors such as the company’s earnings, book value, revenues or cash flow. If the Adviser’s assessment of market conditions, or a company’s value or its prospects for exceeding earnings expectations is inaccurate, the Fund could suffer losses or produce poor performance relative to other funds. In addition, “value stocks” can continue to be undervalued by the market for long periods of time.
REIT Risk – REITs are pooled investment vehicles that own, and usually operate, income-producing real estate. REITs are susceptible to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, such as the following: declines in property values; increases in property taxes, operating expenses, interest rates or competition; overbuilding; zoning changes; and losses from casualty or condemnation. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those of the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund’s investments in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. REIT operating expenses are not reflected in the fee table and example in this Prospectus.
Royalty Trust Risk – The Fund may invest in royalty trusts. A royalty trust generally acquires an interest in natural resource companies and distributes the income it receives to the investors of the royalty trust. A sustained decline in demand for crude oil, natural gas and refined petroleum products could adversely affect income and royalty trust revenues and cash flows. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an increase in the market price of the underlying commodity, higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or a shift in consumer demand for such products. A rising interest rate
3
environment could adversely impact the performance of royalty trusts. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation of royalty trusts because of the increased availability of alternative investments at more competitive yields. The Fund’s investment in royalty trusts may result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the royalty trusts’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. Royalty trust operating expenses are not reflected in the fee table and example in the Prospectus.
MLP Risk – MLPs are limited partnerships in which the ownership units are publicly traded. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to oil and gas industries or other natural resources, but they also may finance other projects. To the extent that an MLP’s interests are all in a particular industry, the MLP will be negatively impacted by economic events adversely impacting that industry. Additional risks of investing in an MLP also include those involved in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is often less restrictive than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded to investors in a MLP than investors in a corporation. For example, investors in MLPs may have limited voting rights or be liable under certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of their investment. In addition, MLPs may be subject to state taxation in certain jurisdictions which will have the effect of reducing the amount of income paid by the MLP to its investors.
Foreign Company Risk – Investing in foreign companies, including direct investments and through ADRs, which are traded on U.S. exchanges and represent an ownership interest in a foreign security, poses additional risks since political and economic events unique to a country or region will affect those markets and their issuers. These risks will not necessarily affect the U.S. economy or similar issuers located in the United States. Securities of foreign companies may not be registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and foreign companies are generally not subject to the regulatory controls imposed on U.S. issuers and, as a consequence, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign securities than is available about domestic securities. Income from foreign securities owned by the Fund may be reduced by a withholding tax at the source, which tax would reduce income received from the securities comprising the Fund’s portfolio. Foreign securities may also be more difficult to value than securities of U.S. issuers. While ADRs provide an alternative to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their respective national markets and currencies, investments in ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
Foreign Currency Risk – As a result of the Fund’s investments in securities or other investments denominated in, and/or receiving revenues in, foreign currencies, the Fund will be subject to currency risk. Currency risk is the risk that foreign currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, in which case, the dollar value of an investment in the Fund would be adversely affected.
ETF Risk – ETFs are pooled investment vehicles, such as registered investment companies and grantor trusts, whose shares are listed and traded on U.S. stock exchanges or otherwise traded in the over-the-counter market. To the extent that the Fund invests in ETFs, the Fund will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of the securities comprising the index on which the ETF is based and the value of the Fund’s investment will fluctuate in response to the performance of the underlying index. ETFs typically incur fees that are separate from those of the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund’s investments in ETFs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the ETFs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. Because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, shares may trade at a discount or premium to their net asset value and the Adviser may not be able to liquidate the Fund’s holdings at the most optimal time, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
4
The bar chart and the performance table below illustrate the risks and volatility of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year to year for the past 10 years and by showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns for 1, 5 and 10 years and since inception compare with those of a broad measure of market performance.
C Class Shares of the Fund have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus. Consequently, the bar chart shows the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares and the performance table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund’s Institutional Shares to those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund’s Institutional Shares are offered in a separate prospectus. C Class Shares of the Fund would have substantially similar performance as Institutional Shares because the shares are invested in the same portfolio of securities and the annual returns would differ only to the extent that the expenses of C Class Shares are higher than the expenses of Institutional Shares and, therefore, returns for the C Class Shares would be lower than those of the Institutional Shares.
Of course, the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.westwoodfunds.com or by calling 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
BEST QUARTER |
WORST QUARTER |
19.36% |
(21.02)% |
(12/31/2011) |
(09/30/2011) |
The performance information shown above is based on a calendar year. The Fund’s Institutional Shares’ performance from 1/1/19 to 6/30/19 was 21.19%.
5
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2018
This table compares the Fund’s average annual total returns for the periods ended December 31, 2018 to those of an appropriate broad-based index.
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”).
Returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than before-tax returns when a net capital loss occurs upon the redemption of Fund shares.
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
Since Inception
|
Fund Returns Before Taxes |
(14.16)% |
4.31% |
12.29% |
6.45% |
Fund Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
(15.67)% |
3.07% |
11.14% |
5.50% |
Fund Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
(8.28)% |
3.16% |
10.20% |
5.10% |
Russell 2000 Value Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
(12.86)% |
3.61% |
10.40% |
4.58% |
For information about related performance, please see the “Related Performance Data of the Adviser” section of the Prospectus.
Westwood Management Corp.
Mr. William Costello, CFA, Senior Vice President, Senior Research Analyst, has managed the Fund since 2010.
Mr. Matthew Lockridge, Senior Vice President, Research Analyst, has managed the Fund since 2010.
Mr. Fred G. Rowsey, CFA, Vice President, Research Analyst, has managed the Fund since 2013.
For important information about the purchase and sale of Fund shares, taxes and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to “Summary Information about the Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares, Taxes and Financial Intermediary Compensation” on page 15 of the Prospectus.
6
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
The primary investment objective of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund (the “Fund”) is to provide current income. A secondary objective of the Fund is to provide the opportunity for long-term capital appreciation.
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold C Class Shares of the Fund. More information about sales charges is available (i) from your financial professional and (ii) in the section “Sales Charges” on page 33 of this Prospectus. Investors investing in the Fund through an intermediary should consult Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers, which includes information regarding broker-defined sales charges and related discount and/or waiver policies that apply to purchases through certain intermediaries.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
C Class Shares |
|
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of net asset value) |
1.00%1 |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and Other Distributions (as a percentage of offering price) |
None |
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable) |
None |
1 |
C Class Shares may be subject to a 1.00% Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) if redeemed within 12 months of purchase. |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
C Class Shares |
|
Management Fees |
0.75% |
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
1.00% |
Other Expenses |
0.08% |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses |
0.02% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1 |
1.85% |
1 |
Westwood Management Corp. (the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to reduce fees and reimburse expenses in order to keep Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses for C Class Shares (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, and extraordinary expenses (collectively, “excluded expenses”)) from exceeding 1.90% of the Fund’s C Class Shares’ average daily net assets until February 28, 2021. In addition, the Adviser may receive from the Fund the difference between the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (not including excluded expenses) and the expense cap to recoup all or a portion of its prior fee reductions or expense reimbursements made during the three-year period preceding the recoupment if at any point Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (not including excluded expenses) are below the expense cap (i) at the time of the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement and (ii) at the time of the recoupment. This Agreement may be terminated: (i) by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund (the “Trust”), for any reason at any time; or (ii) by the Adviser, upon ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the Trust, effective as of the close of business on February 28, 2021. |
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Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
$286 |
$676 |
$1,091 |
$2,247 |
You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your shares:
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
$188 |
$582 |
$1,001 |
$2,169 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual Fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During its most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 42% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to meet its investment objectives by investing generally more than 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in dividend-paying and/or interest-bearing securities. By utilizing income-producing securities from diverse asset classes, the Fund also seeks to maintain a lower volatility profile than traditional equity-only products. The Fund aims to invest in securities of companies with a strong and improving cash flow sufficient to support a sustainable or rising income stream for investors. In selecting securities for the Fund, the Adviser chooses among a diversified group of income-producing asset classes. Equity securities may include dividend-paying common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities and warrants. Fixed income securities may include bonds and other debt securities, and money market instruments. Other types of income-producing securities may include interests in royalty trusts and master limited partnerships (“MLPs”), securities of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), and shares of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). The Fund generally invests in securities of domestic companies, but may also invest in securities of foreign companies and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). In the event the Fund invests in foreign securities and ADRs, the Adviser expects that the Fund’s investments in such securities would normally represent less than 25% of the Fund’s assets.
The Fund is permitted to invest in companies of any capitalization range. The Fund’s fixed income investments are, in the aggregate, of investment grade (i.e., those rated in one of the three highest rating categories by a rating agency), but may at times include securities rated below investment grade (high yield or “junk” bonds). In addition, the Fund’s fixed income securities may include unrated securities, if deemed by the Adviser to be of comparable quality to investment grade.
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The Fund seeks to provide a higher level of current income than that offered by traditional fixed income products such as U.S. government bonds and money market securities. The Adviser’s investment process incorporates relative value analysis among capital instruments, as well as among asset classes, to determine where downside potential can be limited to achieve the goal of generating an attractive level of current income along with capital appreciation. Key metrics for evaluating the risk/return profile of an investment may include strong free cash flow, an improving return on equity, a strengthening balance sheet and, in the case of common equities, positive earnings surprises without a corresponding change in the stock price. The Adviser has disciplines in place that serve as sell signals, such as a security reaching a predetermined price target, a change to a company’s fundamentals that makes the risk/return profile unattractive, or a need to improve the overall risk/return profile of the Fund.
As with all mutual funds, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. You could lose money by investing in the Fund. A Fund share is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The principal risk factors affecting shareholders’ investments in the Fund are set forth below.
Equity Risk – Since it purchases equity securities, the Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Historically, the equity markets have moved in cycles, and the value of the Fund’s equity securities may fluctuate drastically from day to day. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response.
Fixed Income Risk – Fixed income securities are subject to a number of risks, including credit and interest rate risks. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer or obligor will not make timely payments of principal and interest. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. The Fund is subject to greater levels of credit risk to the extent it holds below investment grade debt securities, or “junk bonds.” Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a fixed income security will fall when interest rates rise. In general, the longer the maturity and the lower the credit quality of a fixed income security, the more likely its value will decline. Risks associated with rising interest rates are heightened given that the Federal Reserve has begun to raise the federal funds rate.
High Yield Bond Risk – High yield bonds (often called “junk bonds”) are debt securities rated below investment grade. Junk bonds are speculative, involve greater risks of default, downgrade, or price declines and are more volatile and tend to be less liquid than investment-grade securities. Companies issuing high yield bonds are less financially strong, are more likely to encounter financial difficulties, and are more vulnerable to adverse market events and negative sentiments than companies with higher credit ratings.
Large-Capitalization Company Risk – The large capitalization companies in which the Fund may invest may lag the performance of smaller capitalization companies because large capitalization companies may experience slower rates of growth than smaller capitalization companies and may not respond as quickly to market changes and opportunities.
Small- and Mid-Capitalization Company Risk – The small- and mid-capitalization companies in which the Fund may invest may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies. In particular, investments in these small- and mid-sized companies may pose additional risks, including liquidity risk, because these companies tend to
9
have limited product lines, markets and financial resources, and may depend upon a relatively small management group. Therefore, small- and mid-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies. These securities may be traded over-the-counter or listed on an exchange.
Micro-Capitalization Company Risk – Micro-capitalization companies may be newly formed or in the early stages of development with limited product lines, markets or financial resources. Therefore, micro-capitalization companies may be less financially secure than large-, mid- and small- capitalization companies and may be more vulnerable to key personnel losses due to reliance on a smaller number of management personnel. In addition, there may be less public information available about these companies. Micro-cap stock prices may be more volatile than large-, mid- and small- capitalization companies and such stocks may be more thinly traded and thus difficult for the Fund to buy and sell in the market.
Warrants Risk – Warrants in which the Fund may invest are instruments that entitle the holder to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Warrants may be more speculative than other types of investments. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and an investment in a warrant may therefore create greater potential for capital loss than an investment in the underlying security. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date.
Convertible Securities Risk – The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates (with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline) and the credit standing of the issuer. The price of a convertible security will also normally vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of the conversion or exercise feature.
REIT Risk – REITs are pooled investment vehicles that own, and usually operate, income-producing real estate. REITs are susceptible to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, such as the following: declines in property values; increases in property taxes, operating expenses, interest rates or competition; overbuilding; zoning changes; and losses from casualty or condemnation. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those of the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund’s investments in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. REIT operating expenses are not reflected in the fee table and example in this Prospectus.
Royalty Trust Risk – The Fund may invest in royalty trusts. A royalty trust generally acquires an interest in natural resource companies and distributes the income it receives to the investors of the royalty trust. A sustained decline in demand for crude oil, natural gas and refined petroleum products could adversely affect income and royalty trust revenues and cash flows. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an increase in the market price of the underlying commodity, higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or a shift in consumer demand for such products. A rising interest rate environment could adversely impact the performance of royalty trusts. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation of royalty trusts because of the increased availability of alternative investments at more competitive yields. The Fund’s investment in royalty trusts may result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the royalty trusts’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. Royalty trust operating expenses are not reflected in the fee table and example in the Prospectus.
MLP Risk – MLPs are limited partnerships in which the ownership units are publicly traded. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to oil and gas industries or other natural resources, but they also may finance other projects. To the extent that an MLP’s interests are all in a particular industry, the MLP will be negatively impacted by economic
10
events adversely impacting that industry. Additional risks of investing in an MLP also include those involved in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is often less restrictive than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded to investors in a MLP than investors in a corporation. For example, investors in MLPs may have limited voting rights or be liable under certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of their investment. In addition, MLPs may be subject to state taxation in certain jurisdictions which will have the effect of reducing the amount of income paid by the MLP to its investors.
Foreign Company Risk – Investing in foreign companies, including direct investments and through ADRs, which are traded on U.S. exchanges and represent an ownership interest in a foreign security, poses additional risks since political and economic events unique to a country or region will affect those markets and their issuers. These risks will not necessarily affect the U.S. economy or similar issuers located in the United States. Securities of foreign companies may not be registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and foreign companies are generally not subject to the regulatory controls imposed on U.S. issuers and, as a consequence, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign securities than is available about domestic securities. Income from foreign securities owned by the Fund may be reduced by a withholding tax at the source, which tax would reduce income received from the securities comprising the Fund’s portfolio. Foreign securities may also be more difficult to value than securities of U.S. issuers. While ADRs provide an alternative to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their respective national markets and currencies, investments in ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
Foreign Currency Risk – As a result of the Fund’s investments in securities or other investments denominated in, and/or receiving revenues in, foreign currencies, the Fund will be subject to currency risk. Currency risk is the risk that foreign currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, in which case, the dollar value of an investment in the Fund would be adversely affected.
ETF Risk – ETFs are pooled investment vehicles, such as registered investment companies and grantor trusts, whose shares are listed and traded on U.S. stock exchanges or otherwise traded in the over-the-counter market. To the extent that the Fund invests in ETFs, the Fund will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of the securities comprising the index on which the ETF is based and the value of the Fund’s investment will fluctuate in response to the performance of the underlying index. ETFs typically incur fees that are separate from those of the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund’s investments in ETFs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the ETFs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. Because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, shares may trade at a discount or premium to their net asset value and the Adviser may not be able to liquidate the Fund’s holdings at the most optimal time, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
The bar chart and the performance table below illustrate the risks and volatility of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year to year for the past 10 years and by showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns for 1, 5 and 10 years and since inception compare with those of a broad measure of market performance and additional indexes, including a blended benchmark that represents the investment strategy of the Fund.
C Class Shares of the Fund have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus. Consequently, the bar chart shows the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares and the
11
performance table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund’s Institutional Shares to those of a broad measure of market performance. The Fund’s Institutional Shares are offered in a separate prospectus. C Class Shares of the Fund would have substantially similar performance as Institutional Shares because the shares are invested in the same portfolio of securities and the annual returns would differ only to the extent that the expenses of C Class Shares are higher than the expenses of Institutional Shares and, therefore, returns for the C Class Shares would be lower than those of the Institutional Shares.
Of course, the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.westwoodfunds.com or by calling 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
BEST QUARTER |
WORST QUARTER |
8.46% |
(6.31)% |
(03/31/2013) |
(12/31/2018) |
The performance information shown above is based on a calendar year. The Fund’s Institutional Shares’ performance from 1/1/19 to 6/30/19 was 11.00%.
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Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2018
This table compares the Fund’s average annual total returns for the periods ended December 31, 2018 to those of an appropriate broad-based index and additional indexes, including a blended benchmark that represents the investment strategy of the Fund.
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”).
Returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than before-tax returns when a net capital loss occurs upon the redemption of Fund shares.
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
Since Inception
|
Fund Returns Before Taxes |
(4.87)% |
3.66% |
7.29% |
6.12% |
Fund Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
(6.24)% |
2.80% |
6.55% |
5.23% |
Fund Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
(2.17)% |
2.75% |
5.91% |
4.82% |
FTSE 10-Year Treasury Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
(0.02)% |
2.64% |
2.23% |
4.05% |
FTSE 3-Month Treasury Bill Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
1.86% |
0.61% |
0.35% |
1.13% |
S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
(4.38)% |
8.49% |
13.12% |
7.66% |
FTSE NAREIT U.S. Equity Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)1 |
(4.04)% |
8.32% |
12.53% |
6.65% |
Blended 25/25/25/25 FTSE 10-Year Treasury Index/FTSE 3-Month Treasury Bill Index/S&P 500 Index/FTSE NAREIT U.S. Equity Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
(1.31)% |
5.22% |
7.43% |
5.50% |
Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
0.01% |
2.52% |
3.48% |
3.96% |
Blended 60/40 Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index/S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)1 |
(1.47)% |
5.04% |
7.49% |
5.69% |
1 |
As of September 3, 2019, to better reflect the Fund’s principal investment strategies, (1) the Fund’s broad-based index changed from the FTSE 10-Year Treasury Index to the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index; (2) the FTSE 3-Month Treasury Bill Index, FTSE NAREIT U.S. Equity Index and Blended 25/25/25/25 FTSE 10-Year Treasury Index/FTSE 3-Month Treasury Bill Index/S&P 500 Index/FTSE NAREIT U.S. Equity Index were removed as additional indexes of the Fund; and (3) the Blended 60/40 Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index/S&P 500 Index became an additional index of the Fund. |
For information about related performance, please see the “Related Performance Data of the Adviser” section of the Prospectus.
Westwood Management Corp.
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Mr. David Clott, CFA, Senior Vice President, has managed the Fund since 2019.
Mr. Adrian Helfert, Senior Vice President and Director of Multi-Asset Portfolios, has managed the Fund since 2019.
For important information about the purchase and sale of Fund shares, taxes and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to “Summary Information about the Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares, Taxes and Financial Intermediary Compensation” on page 15 of the Prospectus.
14
Summary Information about the Purchase and Sale of
Fund Shares, Taxes and Financial Intermediary Compensation
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
To purchase shares of a Fund for the first time, including an initial purchase through an IRA or other tax qualified account, you must invest at least $1,000. There is no minimum for subsequent investments.
If you own your shares directly, you may redeem your shares on any day that the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open for business by contacting the Funds directly by mail at Westwood Funds, P.O. Box 219009, Kansas City, MO 64121-9009 (Express Mail Address: Westwood Funds, c/o DST Systems, Inc., 430 West 7th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105) or telephone at 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
If you own your shares through an account with a broker or other institution, contact that broker or institution to redeem your shares. Your broker or institution may charge a fee for its services in addition to the fees charged by the Funds.
Tax Information
Each Fund intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account (“IRA”), in which case your distribution will be taxed when withdrawn from the tax-deferred account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Funds through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Funds and their related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Funds over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
15
Investing in each Fund involves risk and there is no guarantee that each Fund will achieve its goals. The Adviser’s judgments about the markets, the economy, or companies may not anticipate actual market movements, economic conditions or company performance, and these judgments may affect the return on your investment. In fact, no matter how good of a job the Adviser does, you could lose money on your investment in a Fund, just as you could with similar investments.
The value of your investment in a Fund is based on the value of the securities the Fund holds. These prices change daily due to economic and other events that affect particular companies and other issuers. These price movements, sometimes called volatility, may be greater or lesser depending on the types of securities the Fund owns and the markets in which they trade. The effect on the Fund of a change in the value of a single security will depend on how widely the Fund diversifies its holdings.
Equity Risk – Equity securities include common and preferred stocks, warrants, rights to subscribe to common stock, convertible securities, interests in master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) and royalty trusts, shares of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), as well as shares of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) that attempt to track the price movement of equity indices. Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Preferred stock provides a fixed dividend that is paid before any dividends are paid to common stock holders, and which takes precedence over common stock in the event of a liquidation. Like common stock, preferred stocks represent partial ownership in a company, although preferred stock shareholders do not enjoy any of the voting rights of common stockholders. Also, unlike common stock, a preferred stock pays a fixed dividend that does not fluctuate, although the company does not have to pay this dividend if it lacks the financial ability to do so. Investments in equity securities in general are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. The value of securities convertible into equity securities, such as warrants or convertible debt, is also affected by prevailing interest rates, the credit quality of the issuer and any call provision. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a Fund invests will cause the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) to fluctuate. An investment in a portfolio of equity securities may be more suitable for long-term investors who can bear the risk of these share price fluctuations.
Large-Capitalization Company Risk – The large capitalization companies in which a Fund may invest may lag the performance of smaller capitalization companies because large capitalization companies may experience slower rates of growth than smaller capitalization companies and may not respond as quickly to market changes and opportunities.
Small- and Mid-Capitalization Company Risk – The small- and mid-capitalization companies in which a Fund may invest may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies. In particular, investments in these small- and mid-sized companies may pose additional risks, including liquidity risk, because these companies tend to have limited product lines, markets and financial resources, and may depend upon a relatively small management group. Therefore, small- and mid-cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies. These securities may be traded over-the- counter or listed on an exchange.
Fixed Income Risk – The market values of fixed income investments change in response to interest rate changes and other factors. During periods of rising interest rates, the values of outstanding fixed income securities generally decrease. Moreover, while securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields, the prices of longer maturity securities are also subject to greater market value fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. During periods of falling interest rates, certain debt obligations with high interest rates may be prepaid (or “called”) by the issuer prior to maturity, and during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt obligations with low interest rates may be extended beyond maturity. Current market conditions may pose heightened risks for the
16
Funds. While interest rates in the U.S. are near historic lows, changes in government policy, including the Federal Reserve ending its quantitative easing program and beginning to raise the federal funds rate, have increased the risk that interest rates will continue to rise in the near future. A rise in interest rates may, in turn, increase volatility and reduce liquidity in the fixed income markets, and result in a decline in the value of the fixed income investments held by the Funds. In addition, reductions in dealer market-making capacity as a result of structural or regulatory changes could further decrease liquidity and/or increase volatility in the fixed income markets. As a result of these conditions, a Fund’s value may fluctuate and/or a Fund may experience increased redemptions from shareholders, which may impact a Fund’s liquidity or force a Fund to sell securities into a declining or illiquid market.
In addition to these risks, fixed income securities may be subject to credit risk, which is the possibility that an issuer will be unable or unwilling to make timely payments of either principal or interest.
High Yield (“Junk”) Bond Risk – High yield, or “junk,” bonds are highly speculative securities that are usually issued by smaller, less creditworthy and/or highly leveraged (indebted) companies. Compared with investment-grade bonds, high yield bonds are considered to carry a greater degree of risk and are considered to be less likely to make payments of interest and principal. In particular, lower-quality high yield bonds (rated CCC, CC, C, or unrated securities judged to be of comparable quality) are subject to a greater degree of credit risk than higher-quality high yield bonds and may be near default. High yield bonds rated D are in default. Market developments and the financial and business conditions of the corporation issuing these securities generally influence their price and liquidity more than changes in interest rates, when compared to investment-grade debt securities.
Foreign/Emerging Market Securities Risk – Investments in securities of foreign companies (including direct investments as well as investments through ADRs) can be more volatile than investments in U.S. companies. Diplomatic, political, or economic developments, including nationalization or appropriation, could affect investments in foreign companies. Foreign securities markets generally have less trading volume and less liquidity than U.S. markets. Financial statements of foreign issuers are governed by different accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards than the financial statements of U.S. issuers and may be less transparent and uniform than in the United States. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers than about most U.S. issuers. Transaction costs are generally higher than those in the United States and expenses for custodial arrangements of foreign securities may be somewhat greater than typical expenses for custodial arrangements of similar U.S. securities. Some foreign governments levy withholding taxes against dividend and interest income. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes are recoverable, the non-recovered portion will reduce the income received from the securities comprising the portfolio. These risks may be heightened with respect to emerging market countries since political turmoil and rapid changes in economic conditions are more likely to occur in these countries.
Foreign Currency Risk – Because non-U.S. securities are usually denominated in currencies other than the dollar, the value of a Fund’s portfolio may be influenced by currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.
MLP Risk – MLPs are limited partnerships in which the ownership units are publicly traded. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to oil and gas industries or other natural resources, but they also may finance other projects. To the extent that an
17
MLP’s interests are all in a particular industry or industries, such as the energy industries, the MLP will be negatively impacted by economic events adversely impacting that industry or industries. Additional risks of investing in an MLP also include those involved in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is often less restrictive than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded to investors in an MLP than investors in a corporation; for example, investors in MLPs may have limited voting rights or be liable under certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of their investment. In addition, MLPs may be subject to state taxation in certain jurisdictions which will have the effect of reducing the amount of income paid by the MLP to its investors. A Fund’s investment in MLPs may result in the layering of expenses, such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the MLPs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. MLP operating expenses are not reflected in the fee tables and examples in this Prospectus.
REIT Risk – REITs are pooled investment vehicles that own, and usually operate, income-producing real estate. REITs are susceptible to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, such as the following: declines in property values; increases in property taxes, operating expenses, interest rates or competition; overbuilding; zoning changes; and losses from casualty or condemnation. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those of the Funds. Accordingly, a Fund’s investments in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. REIT operating expenses are not reflected in the fee tables and examples in this Prospectus.
Some REITs may have limited diversification and may be subject to risks inherent in financing a limited number of properties. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions, and may be subject to defaults by borrowers and to self-liquidations. In addition, a REIT may be affected by its failure to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or its failure to maintain exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
ETF Risk – ETFs are pooled investment vehicles, such as registered investment companies and grantor trusts, whose shares are listed and traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges or otherwise traded in the over-the-counter market. To the extent that a Fund invests in ETFs, the Fund will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of the securities comprising the index on which the ETF is based or the ETF’s other holdings and the value of the Fund’s investment will fluctuate in response to the performance of the underlying index or holdings. ETFs typically incur fees that are separate from those of a Fund. Accordingly, a Fund’s investments in ETFs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the ETFs’ operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses.
Because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, shares may trade at a discount or premium to their NAV and the Adviser may not be able to liquidate a Fund’s holdings at the most optimal time, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
Liquidity Risk – Certain investments and types of investments are subject to restrictions on resale, may trade in the over-the-counter market or in limited volume, or may not have an active trading market. In addition, at times all or a large portion of segments of the market may not have an active trading market due to adverse market, economic, industry, political, regulatory, geopolitical and other conditions, including investors trying to sell large quantities of a particular investment or type of investment, or lack of market makers or other buyers for a particular investment or type of investment. At times, all or a significant portion of a market may not have an active trading market. Without an active trading market where frequent and large purchase and sale transactions of a security occur without significantly affecting the price of that security, it may be difficult to value and
18
impossible to sell these investments, and a Fund may have to sell such an investment at a price or time that is not advantageous in order to meet redemptions or other cash needs. The price of illiquid securities may be more volatile than more liquid investments.
More Information about Fund Investments
The investment objective of the Westwood SmallCap Fund is to seek long-term capital appreciation. The primary investment objective of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund is to provide current income. A secondary objective of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund is to provide the opportunity for long-term capital appreciation.
The investment objective of the Westwood SmallCap Fund is fundamental and cannot be changed without shareholder approval. The investment objectives of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund may be changed without shareholder approval, upon 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders.
The investments and strategies described in this Prospectus are those that the Funds use under normal conditions. During unusual economic or market conditions, or for temporary defensive or liquidity purposes, each Fund may, but is not obligated to, invest up to 100% of its assets in money market instruments and other cash equivalents that would not ordinarily be consistent with its investment objective(s). If a Fund invests in this manner, it may not achieve its investment objective(s). The Funds will only do so if the Adviser believes that the risk of loss outweighs the opportunity for capital appreciation or current income.
This Prospectus describes the Funds’ principal investment strategies, and the Funds will normally invest in the types of securities and other investments described in this Prospectus. In addition to the securities and other investments and strategies described in this Prospectus, each Fund also may invest to a lesser extent in other securities, use other strategies and engage in other investment practices that are not part of its principal investment strategies. These investments and strategies, as well as those described in this Prospectus, are described in detail in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) (for information on how to obtain a copy of the SAI see the back cover of this Prospectus). Of course, there is no guarantee that a Fund will achieve its investment goals.
Information about Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Funds’ policy and procedures with respect to the circumstances under which the Funds disclose their portfolio holdings is available in the SAI. Within 10 days of the end of each calendar quarter, each Fund will post its complete portfolio holdings on the internet at www.westwoodfunds.com. This information will generally remain available until it is replaced by new portfolio holdings information as described above. The Adviser may exclude any portion of a Fund’s portfolio holdings from such publication when deemed in the best interest of the Fund. Nevertheless, as described in the SAI, each Fund will disclose its complete portfolio holdings quarterly, within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter.
Westwood Management Corp., a New York corporation formed in 1983, serves as the investment adviser to the Funds. The Adviser’s principal place of business is located at 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200, Dallas, Texas 75201. The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc., an institutional asset management company. As of June 30, 2019, the Adviser had approximately $11.6 billion in assets under management.
19
The Adviser makes investment decisions for the Funds and continuously reviews, supervises and administers each Fund’s investment program. The Board supervises the Adviser and establishes policies that the Adviser must follow in its management activities.
For its services, the Adviser is entitled to a fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets of each Fund, as set forth in the table below.
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
0.85% |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
0.75% |
The Adviser has contractually agreed to reduce its fees and reimburse expenses of the C Class Shares of each Fund in order to keep net operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses (collectively, “excluded expenses”)) from exceeding the amounts listed in the table below, as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund until February 28, 2021.
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
1.79% |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
1.90% |
In addition, the Adviser may receive from a Fund the difference between the Fund’s total annual Fund operating expenses (not including excluded expenses) and the Fund’s expense cap to recoup all or a portion of its prior fee reductions or expense reimbursements made during the three-year period preceding the recoupment if at any point total annual Fund operating expenses (not including excluded expenses) are below the expense cap (i) at the time of the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement and (ii) at the time of the recoupment.
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018, the Adviser received advisory fees (after fee reductions) as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund as follows:
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
0.76% |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
0.75% |
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Funds’ investment advisory agreement is available in the Funds’ Annual Report to Shareholders dated October 31, 2018, which covers the period from November 1, 2017 to October 31, 2018.
Each Fund is managed by a portfolio management team, and the members of a Fund’s portfolio management team are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. The investment process for the Funds is driven by proprietary team-oriented, in-depth, fundamental research. Weekly research meetings provide a forum where the Adviser’s investment professionals discuss current investment ideas within their assigned industries. Generally, the entire portfolio management team, or a sub-set of the team, then debates the merits of recommendations, taking into account the prevailing market environment, the portfolio’s current composition, and the relative value of alternative investments. Investment decisions are generally made by majority agreement of the portfolio management team. The Adviser has identified the following team members as those with the most significant responsibility for each Fund’s assets. This list does not include all members of the investment team.
20
Mr. David Clott, CFA, has served as Senior Vice President for the Adviser since October 2014, and leads the Adviser’s Global Convertible Securities Team. Prior to joining the Adviser, he managed both the long only and absolute return global convertible securities strategies at Aviva Investors for 15 years and co-founded their convertibles funds in April 2002. Prior to 1999, Mr. Clott was a Portfolio Manager and Equity Analyst at HSB Group for one year, and an Equity Analyst and later a Convertible Securities Analyst at Phoenix Investment Partners for seven years. Mr. Clott has served on the portfolio team for the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund since 2019. Mr. Clott participates in the investment decision process. He has authority to direct trading activity for the Fund and is also responsible for representing the Fund to investors. Mr. Clott has more than 27 years of investment experience.
Mr. William E. Costello, CFA, has served as Senior Vice President, Senior Research Analyst since joining the Adviser in July 2010. He has served on the portfolio team for the Westwood SmallCap Fund since 2010. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Costello was a Portfolio Manager and Director of Research at the Boston Company, where he worked from 1997 to 2009, and he worked at Delphi Management as a generalist equity analyst from 1992 until 1997. He participates in the investment decision process. He has authority to direct trading activity for the Fund and is also responsible for representing the Fund to investors. Mr. Costello has more than 31 years of investment experience.
Mr. Adrian Helfert has served as Senior Vice President and Director of Multi-Asset Portfolios for the Adviser since January 2019. He is responsible for leading the firm’s multi-asset strategies team, which includes Income Opportunity and Flexible Income strategies, as well as Global Convertibles and Fixed Income strategies. Most recently, Mr. Helfert served as Managing Director and Senior Multi-Asset Portfolio Manager at Amundi in London, where he was responsible for Global Fixed Income strategies. During his 13-year Amundi tenure, he also was an investment team leader on absolute return, unconstrained and total return portfolios. Prior to joining Amundi, Mr. Helfert worked at Royal Bank of Scotland and in JPMorgan’s Asset Management Group. Mr. Helfert earned his MBA from Duke University and his BA in physics from the University of Virginia, where he was awarded a fellowship for his work in Solid State Physics. He also served in the U.S. Navy / Marine Corps as a Combat Medic. Mr. Helfert has served on the portfolio team for the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund since 2019. Mr. Helfert participates in the investment decision process. He has authority to direct trading activity for the Fund and is also responsible for representing the Fund to investors. Mr. Helfert has more than 19 years of investment experience.
Mr. Matthew R. Lockridge has served as Senior Vice President, Research Analyst since March 2015. Prior to this appointment, he served as Vice President, Research Analyst for the Adviser from May 2010 to March 2015. He has served on the portfolio team for the Westwood SmallCap Fund since 2010. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Lockridge was a Managing Director at Dearborn Partners, L.L.C. from 2004 to 2010, and he was with Deloitte Consulting, L.L.P. from 2001 to 2004, where he worked as a Senior Consultant. He participates in the investment decision process. He has authority to direct trading activity for the Fund and is also responsible for representing the Fund to investors. Mr. Lockridge has more than 17 years of investment experience.
Mr. Fred G. Rowsey, CFA, has served as Vice President, Research Analyst for the Adviser since February 2018. Prior to this appointment, he served as Associate Vice President, Research Analyst for the Adviser from March 2015 until February 2018. He joined the Adviser in July 2010 as a Research Associate. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Rowsey was a student at Harvard University, graduating in May 2010 with a BA in Economics. Mr. Rowsey is a member of the CFA Institute. He has served on the portfolio team for the Westwood SmallCap Fund since 2013. He participates in the investment decision process. He has authority to direct trading activity for the Fund and is also responsible for representing the Fund to investors. Mr. Rowsey has more than 9 years of investment experience.
21
The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of Fund shares.
Related Performance Data of the Adviser
The following tables give the related performance of all fee-paying separate accounts, each referred to as a “Composite,” managed by the Adviser that have investment objectives, policies, strategies and risks substantially similar to those of each Fund. None of the Composites reflect all of the firm’s assets under management. Complete lists and descriptions of the firm’s composites are available upon request. The data illustrates the past performance of the Adviser in managing substantially similar accounts. The data does not represent the performance of the Funds. Moreover, the performance shown does not represent the future performance of the Funds or of the Adviser.
The manner in which the performance was calculated for the Composites differs from that of registered mutual funds such as the Funds. If the performance was calculated in accordance with SEC standardized performance methodology, the performance results may have been different. All returns presented were calculated on a total return basis and include all dividends and interest, accrued income, and realized and unrealized gains and losses. “Net of fees” returns reflect the deduction of investment management fees, as well as the deduction of any brokerage commissions, execution costs, withholding taxes, sales loads and account fees paid by the accounts included in the Composites, without taking into account federal or state income taxes, while “gross of fees” returns do not reflect the deduction of investment management fees. All fees and expenses, except custodial fees, if any, were included in the calculations. Securities are valued as of trade-date. Accounts in each Composite were under management for the entire reporting period. Beginning January 1, 2006, the minimum portfolio size for inclusion in a Composite is $5 million. The exclusion of accounts with portfolio sizes below $5 million had no material effect on the performance of the Composites. Prior to January 1, 2006, there was no minimum asset size for inclusion in the Composites.
The currency used to express performance in each Composite is U.S. dollars. Performance results are presented both net of fees and gross of fees. Because of variation in fee levels, the “net of fees” Composite returns may not be reflective of performance in any one particular account. Therefore, the performance information shown below is not necessarily representative of the performance information that typically would be shown for a registered mutual fund.
The performance of the Composites (net of fees) reflects the Adviser’s applicable account fees and expenses; however, each Fund’s fees and expenses are generally expected to be higher than those of the accounts included in the respective Composite. If the Funds’ fees and expenses had been imposed on the accounts included in the respective Composite, the performance shown below would have been lower. The accounts that are included in each Composite are not subject to the same type of expenses to which the Funds are subject and are not subject to the diversification requirements, specific tax restrictions, and investment limitations imposed by the federal securities and tax laws. Consequently, the performance results for each Composite could have been adversely affected if the accounts in the Composite were subject to the same federal securities and tax laws as the Funds.
The investment results for each Composite presented below are not intended to predict or suggest the future returns of the Funds. The performance data shown below should not be considered a substitute for the Funds’ own performance information. Investors should be aware that the use of a methodology different than that used below to calculate performance could result in different performance data.
22
Performance Information for the Adviser’s SmallCap Strategy Composite1
The following data illustrates the past performance of the Adviser in managing substantially similar accounts and does not represent the performance of the Westwood SmallCap Fund.
Year |
Total Return
|
Total Return
|
Russell 2000
|
Number of
|
Dispersion4 |
Total Assets at
|
Percentage of
|
2018 |
-14.32% |
-13.45% |
-12.86% |
17 |
0.4 |
$1,133.0 |
8.2% |
2017 |
12.69% |
13.81% |
7.84% |
17 |
0.4 |
$1,266.4 |
6.0% |
2016 |
28.54% |
29.79% |
31.74% |
14 |
0.3 |
$686.8 |
3.8% |
2015 |
-5.41% |
-4.45% |
-7.47% |
11 |
0.6 |
$333.8 |
1.9% |
2014 |
6.01% |
7.07% |
4.22% |
10 |
0.3 |
$386.7 |
2.0% |
2013 |
49.96% |
50.94% |
34.52% |
9 |
0.5 |
$327.0 |
1.8% |
2012 |
18.42% |
18.98% |
18.05% |
9 |
0.4 |
$210.3 |
1.6% |
2011 |
-1.30% |
-0.62% |
-5.50% |
9 |
0.6 |
$201.9 |
1.7% |
2010 |
23.69% |
24.55% |
24.50% |
8 |
1.0 |
$204.6 |
1.9% |
2009 |
20.55% |
21.35% |
20.58% |
11 |
0.3 |
$242.2 |
2.6% |
Average Annual Total Returns (since inception through 12/31/2018) |
|||
Adviser’s
|
|||
Time Period |
Net of Fees |
Gross of Fees |
Russell 2000 Value Index2,3 |
1 Year |
-14.32% |
-13.45% |
-12.86% |
5 Years |
4.47% |
5.51% |
3.61% |
10 Years |
12.52% |
13.44% |
10.40% |
Since Inception5 |
9.72% |
10.46% |
6.91% |
1 |
The calculation of returns is computed on a monthly basis starting January 1, 2004 for the Composite; including accrued dividends and interest income. Actual results may vary depending on level of assets and fee schedule. Westwood claims compliance with GIPS® and has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the GIPS® standards. |
2 |
The Russell 2000 Value Index is an unmanaged market index that measures the performance of the 2,000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000 Index. |
3 |
The comparative benchmark returns include interest and dividend income but do not include taxes, potential transaction costs or management fees. |
4 |
Dispersion is measured using the asset-weighted standard deviation of accounts managed for the entire year. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of the degree to which an individual portfolio’s return varies from the median return for the composite. Greater deviation means greater risk to the investor. |
5 |
Inception date of the SmallCap Strategy Composite is January 1, 2004. |
23
Performance Information for the Adviser’s Income Opportunity Strategy Composite1
The following data illustrates the past performance of the Adviser in managing substantially similar accounts and does not represent the performance of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund.
Year |
Total Return
|
Total Return
|
Bloomberg
|
S&P 500
|
Blended
|
Number of
|
Dispersion5 |
Total Assets
|
Percentage
|
2018 |
-4.76% |
-3.99% |
0.01% |
-4.38% |
-1.47% |
7 |
0.2 |
$2,924.2 |
21.2% |
2017 |
11.09% |
11.97% |
3.54% |
21.83% |
10.55% |
10 |
0.1 |
$3,723.4 |
17.8% |
2016 |
6.33% |
7.18% |
2.65% |
11.96% |
6.44% |
10 |
0.6 |
$3,336.4 |
18.3% |
2015 |
-2.54% |
-1.76% |
0.55% |
1.38% |
1.12% |
13 |
0.2 |
$3,487.3 |
19.6% |
2014 |
9.40% |
10.28% |
5.97% |
13.69% |
9.07% |
9 |
0.5 |
$3,468.8 |
18.3% |
2013 |
15.31% |
16.10% |
-2.02% |
32.39% |
10.69% |
9 |
1.0 |
$2,213.2 |
12.5% |
2012 |
8.67% |
9.11% |
4.21% |
16.00% |
8.95% |
9 |
0.4 |
$1,279.5 |
9.7% |
2011 |
7.38% |
8.04% |
7.84% |
2.11% |
5.84% |
5 |
0.3 |
$759.8 |
6.3% |
2010 |
14.49% |
15.19% |
6.54% |
15.06% |
10.41% |
3 |
0.8 |
$313.2 |
2.8% |
2009 |
13.28% |
13.89% |
5.93% |
26.46% |
14.27% |
3 |
1.3 |
$203.5 |
2.2% |
1 |
The calculation of returns is computed on a monthly basis starting January 1, 2003 for the Composite; including accrued dividends and interest income. Actual results may vary depending on level of assets and fee schedule. Westwood claims compliance with GIPS® and has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the GIPS® standards. |
2 |
The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index is an unmanaged index representing domestic taxable investment grade bonds, with index components for government and corporate securities, mortgage pass-through securities, and asset-backed securities with an average maturity of one year or more at the time of their issue. |
3 |
The S&P® 500 Index is a widely recognized, market value weighted (higher market value stocks have more influence that lower market value stocks) index of 500 stocks designed to mimic the overall U.S. equity market’s industry weightings. |
4 |
The comparative benchmark returns include interest and dividend income but do not include taxes, potential transaction costs or management fees. |
5 |
Dispersion is measured using the asset-weighted standard deviation of accounts managed for the entire year. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of the degree to which an individual portfolio’s return varies from the median return for the composite. Greater deviation means greater risk to the investor. |
6 |
Inception date of the Income Opportunity Strategy Composite is January 1, 2003. |
24
Purchasing, Selling and Exchanging Fund Shares
This section tells you how to purchase, sell (sometimes called “redeem”) and exchange C Class Shares of the Funds.
For information regarding the federal income tax consequences of transactions in shares of the Funds, including information about cost basis reporting, see “Taxes.”
How to Choose a Share Class
Each Fund offers three classes of shares to investors: Institutional Shares, C Class Shares and A Class Shares. Each share class has its own shareholder eligibility criteria, cost structure and other features. The following summarizes the primary features of Institutional Shares, C Class Shares and A Class Shares. Institutional Shares and A Class Shares are offered in separate prospectuses. Contact your financial intermediary or a Fund for more information about each Fund’s share classes and how to choose between them.
Class Name |
Eligible Investors |
Investment Minimum |
Features |
Institutional Shares |
Institutional Shares of a Fund are offered exclusively to:
● certain retirement plans established for the benefit of employees and former employees of the Adviser or its affiliates;
● defined benefit retirement plans, endowments or foundations;
● banks and trust companies or law firms acting as trustee or manager for trust accounts;
● investors who purchase shares through asset-based fee programs available through financial intermediaries;
● insurance companies; and
● Institutional Shares shareholders purchasing Institutional Shares through the reinvestment of dividends or other distributions. |
Initial: $5,000 (Westwood SmallCap Fund); $100,000 (Westwood Income Opportunity Fund)
Subsequent: None |
Front-End Sales Charge - None
CDSC - None
Rule 12b-1 Fee - None
Shareholder Servicing Fee - None (Westwood Income Opportunity Fund)
Shareholder Servicing Fee - up to 0.20% (Westwood SmallCap Fund) |
C Class Shares |
C Class Shares do not have any share class eligibility requirements. |
Initial: $1,000
Subsequent: None |
Front-End Sales Charge - None
CDSC - 1.00% if redeemed within 12 months of purchase
Rule 12b-1 Fee - 1.00%
Shareholder Servicing Fee - None
C Class Shares automatically convert to A Class Shares after 10 years, provided that records held by the Funds or your financial intermediary verify C Class Shares have been held for at least 10 years. |
A Class Shares |
A Class Shares do not have any share class eligibility requirements. |
Initial: $1,000
Subsequent: None |
Front-End Sales Charge - Maximum of 3.00%
CDSC - None1
Rule 12b-1 Fee - 0.25%
Shareholder Servicing Fee - None |
1 |
A Class Shares purchases of $250,000 or more made on or after September 3, 2019 may be subject to a 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 18 months of purchase. |
25
An investor may be eligible to purchase more than one share class. However, if you purchase shares through a financial intermediary, you may only purchase that class of shares which your financial intermediary sells or services. Your financial intermediary can tell you which classes of shares are available through the intermediary.
A Class Shares have a front-end sales charge, which is deducted from your purchase price when you buy your shares, and results in a smaller dollar amount being invested in the Fund than the purchase price you pay (unless you qualify for a waiver or reduction of the sales charge). Each Fund’s other share classes do not have a front-end sales charge, so the full amount of your purchase price is invested in those classes. A Class Shares have lower ongoing distribution and shareholder services fees (“Rule 12b-1 Fees”) than C Class Shares. Over time, C Class Shares can incur Rule 12b-1 Fees that are equal to or more than the front-end sales charge and Rule 12b-1 Fees you would pay for A Class Shares. Although the full amount of your purchase price of C Class Shares is invested in a Fund, your return on this money will be reduced by the expected higher annual expenses of C Class Shares.
How to Purchase Fund Shares
You will ordinarily submit your purchase orders through your securities broker or other financial intermediary through which you opened your shareholder account. To purchase shares directly from the Funds through their transfer agent, complete and send in the application. If you need an application or have questions, please call 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944) or log on to the Funds’ website at www.westwoodfunds.com.
All investments must be made by check, Automated Clearing House (“ACH”), or wire. All checks must be made payable in U.S. dollars and drawn on U.S. financial institutions. The Funds do not accept purchases made by third-party checks, credit cards, credit card checks, cash, traveler’s checks, money orders or cashier’s checks.
The Funds reserve the right to reject any specific purchase order for any reason. The Funds are not intended for short-term trading by shareholders in response to short-term market fluctuations. For more information about the Funds’ policy on short-term trading, see “Excessive Trading Policies and Procedures.”
The Funds do not generally accept investments by non-U.S. persons. Non-U.S. persons may be permitted to invest in the Funds subject to the satisfaction of enhanced due diligence. Please contact the Funds for more information.
By Mail
You can open an account with the Funds by sending a check and your account application to the address below. You can add to an existing account by sending the Funds a check and, if possible, the “Invest by Mail” stub that accompanies your confirmation statement. Be sure your check identifies clearly your name, your account number, the Fund name and the share class.
Regular Mail Address
Westwood Funds
P.O. Box 219009
Kansas City, MO 64121-9009
26
Express Mail Address
Westwood Funds
c/o DST Systems, Inc.
430 W. 7th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
The Funds do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services of purchase orders does not constitute receipt by the Funds’ transfer agent. The share price used to fill the purchase order is the next price calculated by a Fund after the Funds’ transfer agent receives the order in proper form at the P.O. Box provided for regular mail delivery or the office address provided for express mail delivery.
By Wire
To open an account by wire, call 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944) for details. To add to an existing account by wire, wire your money using the wiring instructions set forth below (be sure to include the Fund name, the share class and your account number).
Wiring Instructions
UMB Bank, N.A.
ABA#: 101000695
Westwood Funds
DDA# 9871063178
Ref: Fund name/account name/share class/account number
General Information
You may purchase shares on any day that the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open for business (a “Business Day”). Shares cannot be purchased by Federal Reserve wire on days that either the NYSE or the Federal Reserve is closed. Each Fund’s price per share will be the next determined NAV per share after the Fund or an authorized institution (defined below) receives your purchase order in proper form. “Proper form” means that the Funds were provided a complete and signed account application, including the investor’s social security number or tax identification number, and other identification required by law or regulation, as well as sufficient purchase proceeds.
Each Fund calculates its NAV once each Business Day as of the close of normal trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time). To receive the current Business Day’s NAV, a Fund or an authorized institution must receive your purchase order in proper form before the close of normal trading on the NYSE. If the NYSE closes early, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading, the Funds reserve the right to calculate NAV as of the earlier closing time. The Funds will not accept orders that request a particular day or price for the transaction or any other special conditions. Shares will only be priced on Business Days. Since securities that are traded on foreign exchanges may trade on days that are not Business Days, the value of a Fund’s assets may change on days when you are unable to purchase or redeem shares.
Buying or Selling Shares through a Financial Intermediary
In addition to being able to buy and sell Fund shares directly from the Funds through their transfer agent, you may also buy or sell shares of the Funds through accounts with financial intermediaries such as brokers and other institutions that are authorized to place trades in Fund shares for their customers. When you purchase or sell Fund shares through a financial intermediary (rather than directly from the Funds), you may have to transmit your purchase and sale requests to the financial
27
intermediary at an earlier time for your transaction to become effective that day. This allows the financial intermediary time to process your requests and transmit them to the Funds prior to the time each Fund calculates its NAV that day. Your financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting all purchase and redemption requests, investment information, documentation and money to the Funds on time. If your financial intermediary fails to do so, it may be responsible for any resulting fees or losses. Unless your financial intermediary is an authorized institution, orders transmitted by the financial intermediary and received by the Funds after the time NAV is calculated for a particular day will receive the following day’s NAV.
Certain financial intermediaries, including certain broker-dealers and shareholder organizations, are authorized to act as agent on behalf of the Funds with respect to the receipt of purchase and redemption orders for Fund shares (“authorized institutions”). Authorized institutions are also authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on a Fund’s behalf. A Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized institution or, if applicable, an authorized institution’s designee, receives the order. Orders will be priced at a Fund’s next computed NAV after they are received by an authorized institution or an authorized institution’s designee. To determine whether your financial intermediary is an authorized institution or an authorized institution’s designee such that it may act as agent on behalf of a Fund with respect to purchase and redemption orders for Fund shares, you should contact your financial intermediary directly.
If you deal directly with a financial intermediary, you will have to follow its procedures for transacting with the Funds. Your financial intermediary may charge a fee for your purchase and/or redemption transactions. For more information about how to purchase or sell Fund shares through a financial intermediary, you should contact the financial intermediary directly.
How the Funds Calculate NAV
The NAV of a class of each Fund’s shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Fund’s portfolio investments and other assets attributable to the class, less any liabilities attributable to the class, by the total number of shares outstanding of the class. In calculating NAV, each Fund generally values its investment portfolio at market price. If market prices are not readily available or a Fund reasonably believes that they are unreliable, such as in the case of a security value that has been materially affected by events occurring after the relevant market closes, the Fund is required to price those securities at fair value as determined in good faith using methods approved by the Board. Pursuant to the policies adopted by, and under the ultimate supervision of the Board, these methods are implemented through the Trust’s Fair Value Pricing Committee, members of which are appointed by the Board. A Fund’s determination of a security’s fair value price often involves the consideration of a number of subjective factors, and is therefore subject to the unavoidable risk that the value that the Fund assigns to a security may be higher or lower than the security’s value would be if a reliable market quotation for the security was readily available.
There may be limited circumstances in which the Funds would price securities at fair value for stocks of U.S. companies that are traded on U.S. exchanges – for example, if the exchange on which a portfolio security is principally traded closed early or if trading in a particular security was halted during the day and did not resume prior to the time the Funds calculated their NAV.
With respect to any non-U.S. securities held by the Funds, the Funds may take factors influencing specific markets or issuers into consideration in determining the fair value of a non-U.S. security. International securities markets may be open on days when the U.S. markets are closed. In such cases, the value of any international securities owned by the Funds may be significantly affected on days when investors cannot buy or sell shares. In addition, due to the difference in times between
28
the close of the international markets and the time the Funds price their shares, the value the Funds assign to securities generally will not be the same as the quoted or published prices of those securities on their primary markets or exchanges. In determining fair value prices, the Funds may consider the performance of securities on their primary exchanges, foreign currency appreciation/depreciation, securities market movements in the United States, or other relevant information as related to the securities.
When valuing fixed income securities with remaining maturities of more than 60 days, the Funds use the value of the security provided by pricing services. The values provided by a pricing service may be based upon market quotations for the same security, securities expected to trade in a similar manner or a pricing matrix. When valuing fixed income securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less, the Funds may use the security’s amortized cost. Amortized cost and the use of a pricing matrix in valuing fixed income securities are forms of fair value pricing.
Other assets for which market quotations are not readily available will be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Purchases In Kind
Subject to the approval of a Fund, an investor may purchase shares of the Fund with liquid securities and other assets that are eligible for purchase by the Fund (consistent with the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions) and that have a value that is readily ascertainable in accordance with the Fund’s valuation policies. These transactions will be effected only if the Adviser deems the security to be an appropriate investment for the Fund. Assets purchased by the Fund in such a transaction will be valued in accordance with procedures adopted by the Fund. The Funds reserve the right to amend or terminate this practice at any time.
Minimum Purchases
You can open an account with a Fund, including an initial purchase through an IRA or other tax qualified account, with a minimum initial investment of $1,000. There is no minimum for subsequent investments. Each Fund may accept initial investments of smaller amounts in its sole discretion.
By Automatic Investment Plan (via ACH)
You may not open an account via ACH. However, once you have established an account, you can set up an automatic investment plan by mailing a completed application to the Funds. These purchases can be made monthly, quarterly, semi-annually and annually in amounts of at least $25 per Fund. To cancel or change a plan, write to the Funds at: Westwood Funds, P.O. Box 219009, Kansas City, MO 64121-9009 (Express Mail Address: Westwood Funds, c/o DST Systems, Inc., 430 West 7th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105). Please allow up to 15 days to create the plan and 3 days to cancel or change it.
Fund Codes
The reference information listed below will be helpful to you when you contact the Funds to purchase or exchange C Class Shares, check a Fund’s daily NAV or obtain additional information.
Fund Name |
Ticker Symbol |
CUSIP |
Fund Code |
Westwood SmallCap Fund |
WHGCX |
0075W0338 |
3996 |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
WWICX |
0075W0320 |
3997 |
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How to Sell Your Fund Shares
If you own your shares directly, you may redeem your shares on any Business Day by contacting the Funds directly by mail or telephone at 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
If you own your shares through an account with a broker or other institution, contact that broker or institution to redeem your shares. Your broker or institution may charge a fee for its services in addition to the fees charged by the Funds.
If you would like to have your sales proceeds, including proceeds generated as a result of closing your account, sent to a third party or an address other than your own, please notify the Funds in writing.
Certain redemption requests will require a signature guarantee by an eligible guarantor institution. Eligible guarantors include commercial banks, savings and loans, savings banks, trust companies, credit unions, member firms of a national stock exchange, or any other member or participant of an approved signature guarantor program. For example, signature guarantees may be required if your address of record has changed in the last 30 days, if you want the proceeds sent to a bank other than the bank of record on your account, or if you ask that the proceeds be sent to a different person or address. Please note that a notary public is not an acceptable provider of a signature guarantee and that the Funds must be provided with the original guarantee. Signature guarantees are for the protection of Fund shareholders. Before they grant a redemption request, the Funds may require a shareholder to furnish additional legal documents to ensure proper authorization.
Accounts held by a corporation, trust, fiduciary or partnership, may require additional documentation along with a signature guaranteed letter of instruction. The Funds participate in the Paperless Legal Program (the “Program”), which eliminates the need for accompanying paper documentation on legal securities transfers. Requests received with a Medallion Signature Guarantee will be reviewed for the proper criteria to meet the guidelines of the Program and may not require additional documentation. Please contact Shareholder Services at 1-877-386-3944 for more information.
The sale price will be the NAV per share next determined after the Funds receive your request in proper form.
By Mail
To redeem shares by mail, please send a letter to the Funds signed by all registered parties on the account specifying:
● |
The Fund name; |
● |
The share class; |
● |
The account number; |
● |
The dollar amount or number of shares you wish to redeem; |
● |
The account name(s); and |
● |
The address to which redemption (sale) proceeds should be sent. |
All registered shareholders must sign the letter in the exact name(s) in which their account is registered and must designate any special capacity in which they are registered.
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Regular Mail Address
Westwood Funds
P.O. Box 219009
Kansas City, MO 64121-9009
Express Mail Address
Westwood Funds
c/o DST Systems, Inc.
430 W. 7th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
The Funds do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services of sell orders does not constitute receipt by the Funds’ transfer agent. The share price used to fill the sell order is the next price calculated by a Fund after the Funds’ transfer agent receives the order in proper form at the P.O. Box provided for regular mail delivery or the office address provided for express mail delivery.
By Telephone
You must first establish the telephone redemption privilege (and, if desired, the wire or ACH redemption privileges) by completing the appropriate sections of the account application. Call 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944) to redeem your shares. Based on your instructions, a Fund will mail your proceeds to you, or send them to your bank via wire or ACH.
By Systematic Withdrawal Plan (via ACH)
If your account balance is at least $10,000, you may transfer as little as $100 per month from your account to another financial institution through a Systematic Withdrawal Plan (via ACH). To participate in this service, you must complete the appropriate sections of the account application and mail it to the Funds.
Receiving Your Money
Normally, a Fund will send your sale proceeds within one Business Day after it receives your redemption request. A Fund, however, may take up to seven days to pay redemption proceeds. Your proceeds can be wired to your bank account (may be subject to a $10 fee), sent to you by check or sent via ACH to your bank account if you have established banking instructions with a Fund. If you are selling shares that were recently purchased by check or through ACH, redemption proceeds may not be available until your check has cleared or the ACH transaction has been completed (which may take up to 15 days from your date of purchase).
A Fund typically expects to sell portfolio assets and/or hold cash or cash equivalents to meet redemption requests. On a less regular basis, a Fund may also meet redemption requests by using short-term borrowings from its custodian and/or redeeming shares in kind (as described below). These methods may be used during both normal and stressed market conditions.
Redemptions In Kind
The Funds generally pay sale (redemption) proceeds in cash. However, under unusual conditions that make the payment of cash unwise and for the protection of the Funds’ remaining shareholders, the Funds might pay all or part of your redemption proceeds in securities with a market value equal to the redemption price (redemption in kind). It is highly unlikely that your shares would ever be redeemed in kind, but if they were, you would have to pay transaction costs to sell the securities
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distributed to you, as well as taxes on any capital gains from the sale as with any redemption. In addition, you would continue to be subject to the risks of any market fluctuation in the value of the securities you receive in kind until they are sold.
Involuntary Redemptions of Your Shares
If your account balance drops below $1,000 because of redemptions, you may be required to sell your shares. The Funds will provide you at least 30 days’ written notice to give you time to add to your account and avoid the involuntary redemption of your shares. The Funds reserve the right to waive the minimum account value requirement in their sole discretion.
Suspension of Your Right to Sell Your Shares
The Funds may suspend your right to sell your shares or delay payment of redemption proceeds for more than seven days during times when the NYSE is closed, other than during customary weekends or holidays, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC. More information about this is in the SAI.
How to Exchange Fund Shares
At no charge, you may exchange between like share classes or different share classes of any Westwood Fund, where offered, by writing to or calling the Fund. Exchanges are subject to the eligibility requirements and the fees and expenses of the share class you exchange into, as set forth in the applicable prospectus. You may only exchange shares between accounts with identical registrations (i.e., the same names and addresses). An exchange between share classes of the same Fund is not a taxable event.
The exchange privilege is not intended as a vehicle for short-term or excessive trading. The Funds may suspend or terminate your exchange privilege if you engage in a pattern of exchanges that is excessive, as determined in the sole discretion of the Funds. For more information about the Funds’ policy on excessive trading, see “Excessive Trading Policies and Procedures.”
Automatic Conversion of C Class Shares to A Class Shares
C Class Shares automatically convert to A Class Shares in the same Fund after 10 years, provided that the Fund or the financial intermediary through which the shareholder purchased the C Class Shares has records verifying that the C Class Shares have been held for at least 10 years. Due to operational limitations at your financial intermediary, your ability to have your C Class Shares automatically converted to A Class Shares may be limited. (For example, automatic conversion of C Class Shares to A Class Shares will not apply to shares held through group retirement plan recordkeeping platforms of certain broker-dealer intermediaries who hold such shares in an omnibus account and do not track participant level share lot aging. Such C Class Shares would not satisfy the conditions for the automatic conversion.) Please consult your financial representative for more information. The automatic conversion of C Class Shares to A Class Shares would occur on the basis of the relative NAVs of the two classes without the imposition of any sales charges or other charges. C Class Shares issued upon reinvestment of income and capital gain dividends and other distributions will be converted to A Class Shares on a pro rata basis with the C Class Shares. For purposes of calculating the time period remaining on the conversion of C Class Shares to A Class Shares, C Class Shares received on exchange retain their original purchase date. Shareholders generally will not recognize a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes upon the conversion of C Class Shares to A Class Shares in the same Fund.
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Telephone Transactions
Purchasing, selling and exchanging Fund shares over the telephone is extremely convenient, but not without risk. Although the Funds have certain safeguards and procedures to confirm the identity of callers and the authenticity of instructions, the Funds are not responsible for any losses or costs incurred by following telephone instructions they reasonably believe to be genuine. If you or your financial institution transact with the Funds over the telephone, you will generally bear the risk of any loss.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charges
You will not pay a front-end sales charge if you purchase C Class Shares. However, you may pay a CDSC of 1.00% on any C Class Shares you sell within 12 months after your purchase. The CDSC will be based on the lesser of (1) the NAV of the shares at the time of purchase or (2) the NAV of the shares next calculated after a Fund receives your redemption request. The sales charge does not apply to shares you purchase through reinvestment of dividends or distributions. So, you never pay a CDSC on any increase in your investment above the initial offering price. The sales charge does not apply to exchanges of C Class Shares of one fund for C Class Shares of another fund in the Westwood Funds complex.
In addition, the CDSC may be waived under the following circumstances:
● |
in the event of total disability (as evidenced by a determination by the federal Social Security Administration) of the shareholder (including a registered joint owner) occurring after the purchase of the C Class Shares being redeemed; |
● |
in the event of the death of the shareholder (including a registered joint owner); and |
● |
redemptions of C Class Shares where the Funds’ distributor did not pay a sales commission when such shares were purchased. |
Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions Available Through Certain Financial Intermediaries
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from a Fund or through a financial intermediary. Different intermediaries may impose different sales charges (including potential reductions in or waivers of sales charges). Such intermediary-specific sales charge variations are described in Appendix A to this Prospectus, entitled “Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers.” Appendix A is incorporated herein by reference and, therefore, is legally a part of this Prospectus.
In all instances, it is the purchaser’s responsibility to notify a Fund or the purchaser’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from a Fund or through another intermediary to receive such waivers or discounts.
General Information about Sales Charges
Your securities dealer is paid a commission when you buy your shares and is paid a servicing fee as long as you hold your shares. Your securities dealer or servicing agent may receive different levels of compensation depending on which class of shares you buy. The Funds’ distributor may pay dealers up to 1.00% on investments in C Class Shares.
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The Funds’ distributor may, from time to time in its sole discretion, institute one or more promotional incentive programs for dealers, which will be paid for by the Funds’ distributor from any sales charge it receives or from any other source available to it. Under any such program, the Funds’ distributor may provide cash or non-cash compensation as recognition for past sales or encouragement for future sales that may include merchandise, travel expenses, prizes, meals, lodgings, and gifts that do not exceed $100 per year, per individual.
Information regarding the Funds’ sales charges may be obtained free of charge by calling toll-free 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
Because this Prospectus is available on the Funds’ website free of charge, the Funds do not separately make information regarding the Funds’ sales charges available on the website.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Funds and/or the Adviser may compensate financial intermediaries for providing a variety of services to the Funds and/or their shareholders. Financial intermediaries include affiliated or unaffiliated brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), trust companies, registered investment advisers, financial planners, retirement plan administrators, insurance companies, and any other institution having a service, administration, or any similar arrangement with the Funds, their service providers or their respective affiliates. This section briefly describes how financial intermediaries may be paid for providing these services. For more information, please see “Payments to Financial Intermediaries” in the SAI.
Distribution Plan
The Funds have adopted a distribution plan under Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act for C Class Shares that allows the Funds to pay distribution and/or service fees for the sale and distribution of Fund shares, and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of a Fund’s assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. The maximum annual Rule 12b-1 Fee for C Class Shares of a Fund is 1.00%. A financial intermediary that receives a 1.00% upfront commission on a purchase of C Class Shares will generally become eligible to receive the Rule 12b-1 Fees with respect to such shares beginning in the 13th month following the date of the purchase.
Other Payments by the Funds
The Funds may enter into agreements with financial intermediaries pursuant to which the Funds may pay financial intermediaries for non-distribution-related sub-transfer agency, administrative, sub-accounting, and other shareholder services. Payments made pursuant to such agreements are generally based on either (1) a percentage of the average daily net assets of Fund shareholders serviced by a financial intermediary, or (2) the number of Fund shareholders serviced by a financial intermediary. Any payments made pursuant to such agreements may be in addition to, rather than in lieu of, distribution fees the Funds may pay to financial intermediaries pursuant to the Funds’ distribution plan.
Payments by the Adviser
From time to time, the Adviser and/or its affiliates, in their discretion, may make payments to certain affiliated or unaffiliated financial intermediaries to compensate them for the costs associated with distribution, marketing, administration and shareholder servicing support for the Funds. These payments are sometimes characterized as “revenue sharing” payments and are made out of the Adviser’s and/or its affiliates’ own legitimate profits or other resources, and may be in addition to
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any payments made to financial intermediaries by the Funds. A financial intermediary may provide these services with respect to Fund shares sold or held through programs such as retirement plans, qualified tuition programs, fund supermarkets, fee-based advisory or wrap fee programs, bank trust programs, and insurance (e.g., individual or group annuity) programs. In addition, financial intermediaries may receive payments for making shares of the Funds available to their customers or registered representatives, including providing the Funds with “shelf space,” placing them on a preferred or recommended fund list, or promoting the Funds in certain sales programs that are sponsored by financial intermediaries. To the extent permitted by SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) rules and other applicable laws and regulations, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may pay or allow other promotional incentives or payments to financial intermediaries.
The level of payments made by the Adviser and/or its affiliates to individual financial intermediaries varies in any given year and may be negotiated on the basis of sales of Fund shares, the amount of Fund assets serviced by the financial intermediary or the quality of the financial intermediary’s relationship with the Adviser and/or its affiliates. These payments may be more or less than the payments received by the financial intermediaries from other mutual funds and may influence a financial intermediary to favor the sales of certain funds or share classes over others. In certain instances, the payments could be significant and may cause a conflict of interest for your financial intermediary. Any such payments will not change the NAV or price of a Fund’s shares. Please contact your financial intermediary for information about any payments it may receive in connection with the sale of Fund shares or the provision of services to Fund shareholders.
In addition to these payments, your financial intermediary may charge you account fees, commissions or transaction fees for buying or redeeming shares of the Funds, or other fees for servicing your account. Your financial intermediary should provide a schedule of its fees and services to you upon request.
Excessive Trading Policies and Procedures
The Funds are intended for long-term investment purposes only and discourage shareholders from engaging in “market timing” or other types of excessive short-term trading. This frequent trading into and out of the Funds may present risks to the Funds’ long-term shareholders and could adversely affect shareholder returns. The risks posed by frequent trading include interfering with the efficient implementation of the Funds’ investment strategies, triggering the recognition of taxable gains and losses on the sale of Fund investments, requiring the Funds to maintain higher cash balances to meet redemption requests, and experiencing increased transaction costs.
In addition, because the Funds may invest in foreign securities traded primarily on markets that close prior to the time a Fund determines its NAV, the risks posed by frequent trading may have a greater potential to dilute the value of Fund shares held by long-term shareholders than funds investing exclusively in U.S. securities. In instances where a significant event that affects the value of one or more foreign securities held by a Fund takes place after the close of the primary foreign market, but before the time that the Fund determines its NAV, certain investors may seek to take advantage of the fact that there will be a delay in the adjustment of the market price for a security caused by this event until the foreign market reopens (sometimes referred to as “price” or “time zone” arbitrage). Shareholders who attempt this type of arbitrage may dilute the value of a Fund’s shares if the prices of the Fund’s foreign securities do not reflect their fair values. Although each Fund has procedures designed to determine the fair value of foreign securities for purposes of calculating its NAV when such an event has occurred, fair value pricing, because it involves judgments which are inherently subjective, may not always eliminate the risk of price arbitrage.
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In addition, Funds that invest in small- and mid-cap securities, which often trade in lower volumes and may be less liquid, may be more susceptible to the risks posed by frequent trading because frequent transactions in the Funds’ shares may have a greater impact on the market prices of these types of securities.
The Funds’ service providers will take steps reasonably designed to detect and deter frequent trading by shareholders pursuant to the Funds’ policies and procedures described in this Prospectus and approved by the Board. For purposes of applying these policies, the Funds’ service providers may consider the trading history of accounts under common ownership or control. The Funds’ policies and procedures include:
● |
Shareholders are restricted from making more than 4 “round trips,” including exchanges, into or out of any Fund over any rolling 12 month period. If a shareholder exceeds this amount, the Funds and/or their service providers may, at their discretion, reject any additional purchase or exchange orders. The Funds define a “round trip” as a purchase or exchange into a Fund by a shareholder, followed by a subsequent redemption out of the Fund, of an amount the Adviser reasonably believes would be harmful or disruptive to the Fund. |
● |
Each Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase or exchange request by any investor or group of investors for any reason without prior notice, including, in particular, if the Fund or the Adviser reasonably believes that the trading activity would be harmful or disruptive to the Fund. |
The Funds and/or their service providers seek to apply these policies to the best of their abilities uniformly and in a manner they believe is consistent with the interests of the Funds’ long-term shareholders. The Funds do not knowingly accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions by Fund shareholders. Although these policies are designed to deter frequent trading, none of these measures alone nor all of them taken together eliminate the possibility that frequent trading in the Funds will occur. Systematic purchases and redemptions are exempt from these policies.
Financial intermediaries (such as investment advisers and broker-dealers) often establish omnibus accounts in the Funds for their customers through which transactions are placed. The Funds have entered into “information sharing agreements” with these financial intermediaries, which permit the Funds to obtain, upon request, information about the trading activity of the intermediary’s customers that invest in the Funds. If the Funds or their service providers identify omnibus account level trading patterns that have the potential to be detrimental to the Funds, the Funds or their service providers may, in their sole discretion, request from the financial intermediary information concerning the trading activity of its customers. Based upon a review of that information, if the Funds or their service providers determine that the trading activity of any customer may be detrimental to the Funds, they may, in their sole discretion, request the financial intermediary to restrict or limit further trading in the Funds by that customer. If the Funds are not satisfied that the intermediary has taken appropriate action, the Funds may terminate the intermediary’s ability to transact in Fund shares. When information regarding transactions in the Funds’ shares is requested by the Funds and such information is in the possession of a person that is itself a financial intermediary to a financial intermediary (an “indirect intermediary”), any financial intermediary with whom the Funds have an information sharing agreement is obligated to obtain transaction information from the indirect intermediary or, if directed by the Funds, to restrict or prohibit the indirect intermediary from purchasing shares of the Funds on behalf of other persons.
The Funds and their service providers will use reasonable efforts to work with financial intermediaries to identify excessive short-term trading in omnibus accounts that may be detrimental to the Funds. However, there can be no assurance that the monitoring of omnibus account level
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trading will enable the Funds to identify or prevent all such trading by a financial intermediary’s customers. Please contact your financial intermediary for more information.
Customer Identification and Verification
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account.
What this means to you: When you open an account, the Funds will ask your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow the Funds to identify you. This information is subject to verification to ensure the identity of all persons opening a mutual fund account.
The Funds are required by law to reject your new account application if the required identifying information is not provided.
In certain instances, the Funds are required to collect documents to fulfill their legal obligation. Documents provided in connection with your application will be used solely to establish and verify your identity.
Attempts to collect the missing information required on the application will be performed by either contacting you or, if applicable, your broker. If this information cannot be obtained within a reasonable timeframe established in the sole discretion of the Funds, your application will be rejected.
Upon receipt of your application in proper form (or upon receipt of all identifying information required on the application), your investment will be accepted and your order will be processed at the next-determined NAV per share.
The Funds reserve the right to close or liquidate your account at the next-determined NAV and remit proceeds to you via check if they are unable to verify your identity. Attempts to verify your identity will be performed within a reasonable timeframe established in the sole discretion of the Funds. Further, the Funds reserve the right to hold your proceeds until your original check clears the bank, which may take up to 15 days from the date of purchase. In such an instance, you may be subject to a gain or loss on Fund shares and will be subject to corresponding tax implications.
Anti-Money Laundering Program
Customer identification and verification is part of the Funds’ overall obligation to deter money laundering under federal law. The Funds have adopted an anti-money laundering compliance program designed to prevent the Funds from being used for money laundering or the financing of illegal activities. In this regard, the Funds reserve the right to: (i) refuse, cancel or rescind any purchase or exchange order; (ii) freeze any account and/or suspend account services; or (iii) involuntarily close your account in cases of threatening conduct or suspected fraudulent or illegal activity. These actions will be taken when, in the sole discretion of Fund management, they are deemed to be in the best interest of the Funds or in cases when the Funds are requested or compelled to do so by governmental or law enforcement authority. If your account is closed at the request of governmental or law enforcement authority, you may not receive proceeds of the redemption if the Funds are required to withhold such proceeds.
Unclaimed Property
Each state has unclaimed property rules that generally provide for escheatment (or transfer) to the state of unclaimed property under various circumstances. Such circumstances include inactivity (e.g.,
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no owner-initiated contact for a certain period), returned mail (e.g., when mail sent to a shareholder is returned by the post office, or “RPO,” as undeliverable), or a combination of both inactivity and returned mail. Once it flags property as unclaimed, the applicable Fund will attempt to contact the shareholder, but if that attempt is unsuccessful, the account may be considered abandoned and escheated to the state.
Shareholders that reside in the state of Texas may designate a representative to receive escheatment notifications by completing and submitting a designation form that can be found on the website of the Texas Comptroller. While the designated representative does not have any rights to claim or access the shareholder’s account or assets, the escheatment period will cease if the representative communicates knowledge of the shareholder’s location and confirms that the shareholder has not abandoned his or her property. A completed designation form may be mailed to the Funds (if shares are held directly with the Funds) or to the shareholder’s financial intermediary (if shares are not held directly with the Funds).
More information on unclaimed property and how to maintain an active account is available through your state or by calling 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
The Westwood SmallCap Fund distributes its net investment income and makes distributions of its net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually. The Westwood Income Opportunity Fund distributes its net investment income quarterly and makes distributions of its net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually.
If you own Fund shares on a Fund’s record date, you will be entitled to receive the distribution. You will receive dividends and distributions in the form of additional Fund shares unless you elect to receive payment in cash. To elect cash payment, you must notify the Funds in writing prior to the date of the distribution. Your election will be effective for dividends and distributions paid after the Funds receive your written notice. To cancel your election, simply send the Funds written notice.
Please consult your tax advisor regarding your specific questions about federal, state and local income taxes. The following is a summary of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the Funds. This summary is based on current tax laws, which may change. This summary does not apply to shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plans, which are generally not subject to current tax. Transactions relating to shares held in such accounts may, however, be taxable at some time in the future.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) makes significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and would apply only to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. There are only minor changes with respect to the specific rules only applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”), such as the Funds. The Tax Act, however, makes numerous other changes to the tax rules that may affect shareholders and the Funds. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding how the Tax Act affects your investment in the Funds.
The Funds intend to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as RICs under the Code. In order to do so each Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from qualifying income and diversify its assets as described in more detail in the SAI. Certain investments of a Fund generally do not generate qualifying income if made directly by such Fund. For example, certain
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Funds intend to invest in royalty trusts. Depending on the U.S. federal income tax classification of these royalty trusts in which a Fund invests, securities issued by certain royalty trusts (such as royalty trusts which are grantor trusts for U.S. federal income tax purposes) may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the requirements to be treated as a RIC under the Code. Additionally, a Fund may be deemed to directly own the assets of each royalty trust, and would need to look to such assets when determining its compliance with the diversification requirements under the Code. Certain Canadian royalty trusts may be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and distributions from such may be qualifying income when received by a Fund. Each Fund will monitor its investments in royalty trusts with the objective of maintaining its continued qualification as a RIC under the Code.
The Funds intend to distribute substantially all of their net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any. The dividends and distributions you receive, whether in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Funds, may be subject to federal, state, and local taxation, depending upon your tax situation. Income distributions, including distributions of net short-term capital gains but excluding distributions of qualified dividend income, are generally taxable at ordinary income tax rates. Distributions that are reported by the Funds as long-term capital gains and as qualified dividend income are generally taxable at the rates applicable to long-term capital gains and currently set at a maximum tax rate for individuals at 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets). Once a year the Funds (or their administrative agent) will send you a statement showing the types and total amount of distributions you received during the previous year.
You should note that if you purchase shares just before a distribution, the purchase price would reflect the amount of the upcoming distribution. In this case, you would be taxed on the entire amount of the distribution received, even though, as an economic matter, the distribution simply constitutes a return of your investment. This is known as “buying a dividend” and should be avoided by taxable investors.
Each sale of Fund shares may be a taxable event. For tax purposes, an exchange of your Fund shares for shares of a different fund is the same as a sale. A sale may result in a capital gain or loss to you. The gain or loss on the sale of Fund shares generally will be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss if you held the shares for 12 months or less, or a long-term capital gain or loss if you held the shares for longer. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by you with respect to the Fund shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if you purchase other substantially identical shares within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” including interest, dividends, and capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund).
The Funds (or their administrative agent) must report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to Fund shareholders cost basis information for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 and sold on or after that date. In addition to reporting the gross proceeds from the sale of Fund shares, a Fund (or its administrative agent) is also required to report the cost basis information for such shares and indicate whether these shares have a short-term or long-term holding period. For each sale of Fund shares, a Fund will permit its shareholders to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including the average basis method. In the absence of an election, a Fund will use the average basis method as the default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected by Fund shareholders (or the cost basis method applied by default) for each sale of Fund shares may
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not be changed after the settlement date of each such sale of Fund shares. Fund shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about cost basis reporting. Shareholders also should carefully review the cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.
To the extent a Fund invests in foreign securities, it may be subject to foreign withholding taxes with respect to dividends or interest the Fund received from sources in foreign countries. If more than 50% of the total assets of a Fund consists of foreign securities, such Fund will be eligible to elect to treat some of those taxes as a distribution to shareholders, which would allow shareholders to offset some of their U.S. federal income tax. A Fund (or its administrative agent) will notify you if it makes such an election and provide you with the information necessary to reflect foreign taxes paid on your income tax return.
Because each shareholder’s tax situation is different, you should consult your tax advisor about the tax implications of an investment in the Funds.
More information about taxes is in the SAI.
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The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Funds’ investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent, accountants, administrator and distributor, who provide services to the Funds. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third-party”) beneficiaries of, any of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any individual shareholder or group of shareholders any right to enforce the terms of the contractual arrangements against the service providers or to seek any remedy under the contractual arrangements against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the Trust.
This Prospectus and the SAI provide information concerning the Trust and the Funds that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Funds. The Funds may make changes to this information from time to time. Neither this Prospectus, the SAI or any document filed as an exhibit to the Trust’s registration statement, is intended to, nor does it, give rise to an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Funds and any shareholder, or give rise to any contract or other rights in any individual shareholder, group of shareholders or other person other than any rights conferred explicitly by federal or state securities laws that may not be waived.
41
Because C Class Shares of the Funds were not in operation as of the date of this Prospectus, financial highlights are not available.
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The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund
WESTWOOD FUNDS
Investment Adviser
Westwood Management Corp.
200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75201
Distributor
SEI Investments Distribution Co.
One Freedom Valley Drive
Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456
Legal Counsel
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
1701 Market Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
More information about the Funds is available, without charge, through the following:
Appendix A to the Prospectus - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers
Appendix A contains more information about specific sales charge discounts and waivers available for shareholders who purchase Fund shares through a specific financial intermediary. Appendix A is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. This means that Appendix A, for legal purposes, is a part of this Prospectus.
Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”): The SAI, dated September 3, 2019, as it may be amended from time to time, includes detailed information about the Funds and The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund. The SAI is on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. This means that the SAI, for legal purposes, is a part of this Prospectus.
Annual and Semi-Annual Reports: These reports list the Funds’ holdings and contain information from the Adviser about investment strategies, and recent market conditions and trends and their impact on Fund performance. The reports also contain detailed financial information about the Funds.
To obtain more information about the Funds or to request a copy of the documents listed above:
By Telephone: |
1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944) |
By Mail: |
Westwood Funds
|
By Internet: |
www.westwoodfunds.com |
From the SEC: You can also obtain the SAI or the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports, as well as other information about The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund, from the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at: http://www.sec.gov. You may also obtain this information, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by e-mailing the SEC at the following address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund’s Investment Company Act registration number is 811-06400.
WHG-PS-024-0100
APPENDIX A
INTERMEDIARY-SPECIFIC SALES CHARGE DISCOUNTS AND WAIVERS
Specific intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser’s responsibility to notify a Fund or the purchaser’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from a Fund or through another intermediary to receive such waivers or discounts. Please see the “Sales Charges” section of the A Class Shares and C Class Shares Prospectuses for more information on sales charge discounts and waivers.
The following descriptions of financial intermediary sales charge waivers, discounts, policies or procedures, as the case may be, are reproduced based on information provided by the intermediary. The financial intermediary sales charge waivers, discounts, policies or procedures disclosed in this Appendix may vary from those disclosed in the A Class Shares and C Class Shares Prospectuses or SAI and are subject to change. This Appendix will be updated based on information provided by the financial intermediaries. Neither the Funds, nor the Adviser, nor the Distributor supervises the implementation of financial intermediary sales charge waivers, discounts, policies or procedures nor do they verify the intermediaries’ administration of such waivers, discounts, policies or procedures.
The information in this Appendix is part of, and incorporated into, the A Class Shares and C Class Shares Prospectuses.
Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. and each entity’s affiliates (“Raymond James”)
Effective March 1, 2019, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account, or through an introducing broker-dealer or independent registered investment adviser for which Raymond James provides trade execution, clearance, and/or custody services, will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and CDSC waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the A Class Shares and C Class Shares Prospectuses or SAI.
Front-end sales load waivers on A Class Shares available at Raymond James
● |
Shares purchased in an investment advisory program. |
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Shares purchased within the Westwood Fund family through a systematic reinvestment of capital gains and dividend distributions. |
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Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James. |
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Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the Westwood Fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement). |
● |
A shareholder in a Fund’s C Class Shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to A Class Shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James. |
A-1
CDSC Waivers on A Class Shares and C Class Shares available at Raymond James
● |
Death or disability of the shareholder. |
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Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the A Class Shares and C Class Shares Prospectuses. |
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Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account. |
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Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½. |
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Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James. |
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Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement. |
Front-end load discounts available at Raymond James: breakpoints, rights of accumulation, and/or letters of intent
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Breakpoints as described in the A Class Shares Prospectus. |
● |
Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of Westwood Fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser’s household at Raymond James. Eligible Westwood Fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of rights of accumulation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets. |
● |
Letters of intent which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within the Westwood Fund family, over a 13-month time period. Eligible Westwood Fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of letters of intent only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets. |
A-2
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
WESTWOOD SMALLCAP FUND
(A Class Shares Ticker Symbol: WHGAX)
(C Class Shares Ticker Symbol: WHGCX)
WESTWOOD INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
(A Class Shares Ticker Symbol: WWIAX)
(C Class Shares Ticker Symbol: WWICX)
each, a series of THE ADVISORS’ INNER CIRCLE FUND
September 3, 2019
Investment Adviser:
WESTWOOD MANAGEMENT CORP.
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. This SAI is intended to provide additional information regarding the activities and operations of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund (the “Trust”) and the Westwood SmallCap Fund and the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund (each, a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”). This SAI is incorporated by reference into and should be read in conjunction with the Funds’ prospectuses, each dated September 3, 2019, as they may be amended from time to time (the “Prospectuses”). Capitalized terms not defined herein are defined in the Prospectuses. The most recent Annual Report for the Funds, which includes the Funds’ audited financial statements dated October 31, 2018, as well as the most recent Semi-Annual Report for the Funds, which includes the Funds' unaudited financial statements dated April 30, 2019, are incorporated by reference into this SAI. A copy of the Funds' Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report must accompany the delivery of this SAI. Shareholders may obtain copies of the Prospectuses, Annual Report or Semi-Annual Report free of charge by writing to the Funds at Westwood Funds, P.O. Box 219009, Kansas City, MO 64121-9009 (Express Mail Address: Westwood Funds, c/o DST Systems, Inc., 430 West 7th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105) or by calling the Funds at 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944).
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
September 3, 2019 | WHG-SX-015-0100 |
ii
General. Each Fund is a separate series of the Trust. The Trust is an open-end investment management company established under Massachusetts law as a Massachusetts voluntary association (commonly known as a business trust) under an Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust dated July 18, 1991, as amended and restated February 18, 1997 and amended May 15, 2012 (the “Declaration of Trust”). The Declaration of Trust permits the Trust to offer separate series (“funds”) of shares of beneficial interest (“shares”). The Trust reserves the right to create and issue shares of additional funds. Each fund is a separate mutual fund, and each share of each fund represents an equal proportionate interest in that fund. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any fund and all assets of such fund belong solely to that fund and would be subject to liabilities related thereto. Each fund of the Trust pays its (i) operating expenses, including fees of its service providers, expenses of preparing prospectuses, proxy solicitation material and reports to shareholders, costs of custodial services and registering its shares under federal and state securities laws, pricing and insurance expenses, brokerage costs, interest charges, taxes and organization expenses, and (ii) pro rata share of the fund’s other expenses, including audit and legal expenses. Expenses attributable to a specific fund shall be payable solely out of the assets of that fund. Expenses not attributable to a specific fund are allocated across all of the funds on the basis of relative net assets. The other funds of the Trust are described in one or more separate statements of additional information.
Description of Multiple Classes of Shares. The Trust is authorized to offer shares of the Funds in Institutional Shares, A Class Shares and C Class Shares. Institutional Shares of the Funds are offered in a separate statement of additional information. The different classes provide for variations in sales charges, certain distribution and shareholder servicing expenses and in the minimum initial investment requirements. Minimum investment requirements and investor eligibility are described in the Prospectuses. The Trust reserves the right to create and issue additional classes of shares. For more information on distribution expenses, see “Payments to Financial Intermediaries” in this SAI.
Voting Rights. Each shareholder of record is entitled to one vote for each share held on the record date for the meeting. Each Fund will vote separately on matters relating solely to it. As a Massachusetts voluntary association, the Trust is not required, and does not intend, to hold annual meetings of shareholders. Approval of shareholders will be sought, however, for certain changes in the operation of the Trust and for the election of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (each, a “Trustee” and together, the “Board”) under certain circumstances. Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have the power to liquidate each Fund without shareholder approval. While the Trustees have no present intention of exercising this power, they may do so if a Fund fails to reach a viable size within a reasonable amount of time or for such other reasons as may be determined by the Board.
In addition, a Trustee may be removed by the remaining Trustees or by shareholders at a special meeting called upon written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust. In the event that such a meeting is requested, the Trust will provide appropriate assistance and information to the shareholders requesting the meeting.
Any series of the Trust created on or after November 11, 1996 may reorganize or merge with one or more other series of the Trust or of another investment company. Any such reorganization or merger shall be pursuant to the terms and conditions specified in an agreement and plan of reorganization authorized and approved by the Trustees and entered into by the relevant series in connection therewith. In addition, such reorganization or merger may be authorized by vote of a majority of the Trustees then in office and, to the extent permitted by applicable law and the Declaration of Trust, without the approval of shareholders of any series.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
Each Fund’s investment objective(s) and principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectuses. Each Fund is classified as a “diversified” investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectuses.
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DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS
The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices of the Funds and the associated risk factors. Each Fund may invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices unless such investment or activity is inconsistent with or is not permitted by that Fund’s stated investment policies, including those stated below.
Equity Securities. Equity securities represent ownership interests in a company or partnership and consist of common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants to acquire common stock, securities convertible into common stock, and investments in master limited partnerships (“MLPs”). Investments in equity securities in general are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a Fund invests will cause the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund to fluctuate. The Funds purchase equity securities traded in the United States on registered exchanges or the over-the-counter market. Equity securities are described in more detail below:
• | Common Stock. Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds and preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock. |
• | Preferred Stock. Preferred stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer that pays dividends at a specified rate and that has precedence over common stock in the payment of dividends. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. |
• | Royalty Trusts. Royalty trusts are structured similarly to real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). A royalty trust generally acquires an interest in natural resource companies or chemical companies and distributes the income it receives to the investors of the royalty trust. A sustained decline in demand for crude oil, natural gas and refined petroleum products could adversely affect income and royalty trust revenues and cash flows. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an increase in the market price of the underlying commodity, higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or a shift in consumer demand for such products. A rising interest rate environment could adversely impact the performance of royalty trusts. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation of royalty trusts because of the increased availability of alternative investments at more competitive yields. Further, because natural resources are depleting assets, the income producing ability of a royalty trust may eventually be exhausted. |
• | Exchange-Traded Funds. An exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) is a fund whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange as if it were a single security. An ETF holds a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. Some examples of ETFs are SPDRs®, DIAMONDSSM, NASDAQ 100 Index Tracking StockSM (“QQQsSM”), and iShares®. A Fund could purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or foreign market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the securities comprising the index which an index ETF is designed to track or the other holdings of an active or index ETF, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile than the tracked index or underlying holdings, and ETFs have management fees that increase their costs versus the costs of owning the underlying holdings directly. See also “Securities of Other Investment Companies” below. |
• | Warrants. Warrants are instruments that entitle the holder to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments. |
S-2
• | Micro, Small and Medium Capitalization Issuers. Investing in equity securities of micro, small and medium capitalization companies often involves greater risk than is customarily associated with investments in larger capitalization companies. This increased risk may be due to the greater business risks of smaller size, limited markets and financial resources, narrow product lines and frequent lack of depth of management. The securities of micro and smaller companies are often traded in the over-the-counter market and even if listed on a national securities exchange may not be traded in volumes typical for that exchange. Consequently, the securities of micro and smaller companies are less likely to be liquid, may have limited market stability, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than securities of larger, more established growth companies or the market averages in general. |
• | Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted or exchanged (by the holder or by the issuer) into shares of the underlying common stock (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at a stated exchange ratio. A convertible security may also be called for redemption or conversion by the issuer after a particular date and under certain circumstances (including a specified price) established upon issue. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption or conversion, the Fund could be required to tender it for redemption, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell it to a third party. |
Convertible securities generally have less potential for gain or loss than common stocks. Convertible securities generally provide yields higher than the underlying common stocks, but generally lower than comparable non-convertible securities. Because of this higher yield, convertible securities generally sell at a price above their “conversion value,” which is the current market value of the stock to be received upon conversion. The difference between this conversion value and the price of convertible securities will vary over time depending on changes in the value of the underlying common stocks and interest rates. When the underlying common stocks decline in value, convertible securities will tend not to decline to the same extent because of the interest or dividend payments and the repayment of principal at maturity for certain types of convertible securities. However, securities that are convertible other than at the option of the holder generally do not limit the potential for loss to the same extent as securities convertible at the option of the holder. When the underlying common stocks rise in value, the value of convertible securities may also be expected to increase. At the same time, however, the difference between the market value of convertible securities and their conversion value will narrow, which means that the value of convertible securities will generally not increase to the same extent as the value of the underlying common stocks. Because convertible securities may also be interest-rate sensitive, their value may increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. Convertible securities are also subject to credit risk, and are often lower-quality securities.
• | Contingent Convertible Securities. A contingent convertible security, or “CoCo”, is a type of convertible security typically issued by a non-U.S. bank that, upon the occurrence of a specified trigger event, may be (i) convertible into equity securities of the issuer at a predetermined share price; or (ii) written down in liquidation value. Trigger events are identified in the documents that govern the CoCo and may include a decline in the issuer’s capital below a specified threshold level, an increase in the issuer’s risk weighted assets, the share price of the issuer falling to a particular level for a certain period of time and certain regulatory events, such as a change in regulatory capital requirements. CoCos are designed to behave like bonds in times of economic health yet absorb losses when the trigger event occurs. CoCos are generally considered speculative and the prices of CoCos may be volatile. |
With respect to CoCos that provide for conversion of the CoCo into common shares of the issuer in the event of a trigger event, the conversion would deepen the subordination of the investor, creating a greater risk of loss in the event of bankruptcy. In addition, because the common stock of the issuer may not pay a dividend, investors in such instruments could experience reduced yields (or no yields at all). With respect to CoCos that provide for the write down in liquidation value of the CoCo in the event of a trigger event, it is possible that the liquidation value of the CoCo may be adjusted downward to below the original par value or written off entirely under certain circumstances. For instance, if losses have eroded the issuer’s capital levels below a specified threshold, the liquidation value of the CoCo may be reduced in whole or in part. The write-down of the CoCo’s par value may occur automatically and would not entitle holders to institute bankruptcy proceedings against the issuer. In addition, an automatic write-down could result in a reduced income rate if the dividend or interest payment associated with the CoCo is based on par value. Coupon payments on CoCos may be discretionary and may be cancelled by the issuer for any reason or may be subject to approval by the issuer’s regulator and may be suspended in the event there are insufficient distributable reserves.
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Initial Public Offerings (“IPOs”). A Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities of companies offering shares in IPOs. IPOs may have a magnified performance impact on a Fund with a small asset base. A Fund may hold IPO shares for a very short period of time, which may increase the turnover of a Fund’s portfolio and may lead to increased expenses for the Fund, such as commissions and transaction costs. By selling IPO shares, a Fund may realize taxable gains it will subsequently distribute to shareholders. In addition, the market for IPO shares can be speculative and/or inactive for extended periods of time. The limited number of shares available for trading in some IPOs may make it more difficult for a Fund to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing prices. Holders of IPO shares can be affected by substantial dilution in the value of their shares, by sales of additional shares and by concentration of control in existing management and principal shareholders.
The Funds’ investment in IPO shares may include the securities of unseasoned companies (companies with less than three years of continuous operations), which presents risks considerably greater than common stocks of more established companies. These companies may have limited operating histories and their prospects for profitability may be uncertain. These companies may be involved in new and evolving businesses and may be vulnerable to competition and changes in technology, markets and economic conditions. They may be more dependent on key managers and third parties and may have limited product lines.
Master Limited Partnerships. MLPs are limited partnerships or limited liability companies, whose partnership units or limited liability interests are listed and traded on a U.S. securities exchange, and are treated as publicly traded partnerships for federal income tax purposes. To qualify to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes, an MLP must receive at least 90% of its income from qualifying sources as set forth in Section 7704(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). These qualifying sources include activities such as the exploration, development, mining, production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and marketing of mineral or natural resources. To the extent that an MLP’s interests are concentrated in a particular industry or sector, such as the energy sector, the MLP will be negatively impacted by economic events adversely impacting that industry or sector. MLPs that are formed as limited partnerships generally have two classes of owners, the general partner and limited partners, while MLPs that are formed as limited liability companies generally have two analogous classes of owners, the managing member and the members. For purposes of this section, references to general partners also apply to managing members and references to limited partners also apply to members.
The general partner is typically owned by a major energy company, an investment fund, the direct management of the MLP or is an entity owned by one or more of such parties. The general partner may be structured as a private or publicly traded corporation or other entity. The general partner typically controls the operations and management of the MLP through an equity interest of as much as 2% in the MLP plus, in many cases, ownership of common units and subordinated units. A holder of general partner interests can be liable under certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the holder’s investment in the general partner interest. General partner interests are not publicly traded and generally cannot be converted into common units. The general partner interest can be redeemed by the MLP if the MLP unitholders choose to remove the general partner, typically with a supermajority vote by limited partner unitholders.
Limited partners own the remainder of the MLP through ownership of common units and have a limited role in the MLP’s operations and management. Common units are listed and traded on U.S. securities exchanges, with their value fluctuating predominantly based on prevailing market conditions and the success of the MLP. Unlike owners of common stock of a corporation, owners of common units have limited voting rights and have no ability annually to elect directors. In the event of liquidation, common units have preference over subordinated units, but not over debt or preferred units, to the remaining assets of the MLP.
MLPs are typically structured such that common units and general partner interests have first priority to receive quarterly cash distributions up to an established minimum amount (“minimum quarterly distributions” or “MQD”). Common and general partner interests also accrue arrearages in distributions to the extent the MQD is not paid. Once common and general partner interests have been paid, subordinated units receive distributions of up to the MQD; however, subordinated units do not accrue arrearages. Distributable cash in excess of the MQD paid to both common and subordinated units is distributed to both common and subordinated units generally on a pro rata basis. The general partner is also eligible to receive incentive distributions if the general partner operates the business in a manner which results in distributions paid per common unit surpassing specified target levels. As the general partner increases cash distributions to the limited partners, the general partner receives an increasingly higher percentage of the incremental cash distributions. A common arrangement provides that the general partner can reach a tier where it receives 50% of every incremental dollar paid to common and subordinated unit holders. These incentive distributions encourage the general partner to streamline costs, increase capital expenditures and acquire assets in order to increase the partnership’s cash flow and raise the quarterly cash distribution in order to reach higher tiers. Such results benefit all security holders of the MLP.
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MLP I-Shares. Issuers of MLP I-Shares use the proceeds from the sale of MLP I-Shares to purchase limited partnership interests in the MLP in the form of MLP i-units. Thus, MLP I-Shares represent an indirect interest in an MLP limited partnership interest. MLP i-units have similar features as MLP common units in terms of voting rights, liquidation preference and distribution. MLP I-Shares themselves have limited voting rights and are similar in that respect to MLP common units. MLP I-Shares differ from MLP common units in a number of respects, including that instead of receiving cash distributions, holders of MLP I-Shares will typically receive distributions of additional MLP I-Shares with a value equal to the cash distributions received by common unit holders. MLP I-Shares are traded on securities exchanges. As discussed further below in the “Taxes” section, a Fund’s investment in one or more MLPs that are treated as qualified publicly traded partnerships is limited under the “Asset Test” to no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets. However, because certain issuers of MLP I-Shares are treated as corporations and not partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a Fund’s investment in such MLP I-Shares is generally not counted for purposes of this 25% limitation. Unlike an interest in an MLP taxed as a partnership, returns from investments in MLP I-Shares issued by entities taxed as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes would be affected by a corporate level tax imposed at the entity level.
Fixed Income Securities. Fixed income securities include bonds, notes, debentures and other interest-bearing securities that represent indebtedness. The market value of the fixed income investments in which a Fund invests will change in response to interest rate changes and other factors. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of outstanding fixed income securities generally rise. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the values of such securities generally decline. Moreover, while securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields, the prices of longer maturity securities are also subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. Changes by recognized agencies in the rating of any fixed income security and in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of these securities will not necessarily affect cash income derived from these securities but will affect a Fund’s NAV.
Zero Coupon Bonds. These securities are sold at a (usually substantial) discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal. When held to maturity, their entire income, which consists of accretion of discount, comes from the difference between the issue price and their value at maturity. The amount of the discount rate varies depending on factors including the time remaining until maturity, prevailing interest rates, the security’s liquidity and the issuer’s credit quality. The market prices of zero coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market prices of securities that have similar maturity but that pay interest periodically. Zero coupon securities are likely to respond to a greater degree to interest rate changes than are non-zero coupon securities with similar maturity and credit qualities. A Fund’s investments in pay-in-kind, delayed and zero coupon bonds may require it to sell certain of its securities to generate sufficient cash to satisfy certain income distribution requirements.
These securities may include treasury securities, such as Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (“STRIPS”), that have had their interest payments (“coupons”) separated from the underlying principal (“corpus”) by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. Once the holder of the security has stripped or separated corpus and coupons, it may sell each component separately. The principal or corpus is then sold at a deep discount because the buyer receives only the right to receive a future fixed payment on the security and does not receive any rights to periodic interest (cash) payments. Typically, the coupons are sold separately or grouped with other coupons with like maturity dates and sold bundled in such form. The underlying treasury security is held in book-entry form at the Federal Reserve Bank or, in the case of bearer securities (i.e., unregistered securities which are owned ostensibly by the bearer or holder thereof), in trust on behalf of the owners thereof. Purchasers of stripped obligations acquire, in effect, discount obligations that are economically identical to the zero coupon securities that the U.S. Treasury sells itself.
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Mortgage-Backed Securities. Yield characteristics of mortgage-backed securities differ from those of traditional debt securities in a variety of ways. The most significant differences of mortgage-backed securities are: 1) payments of interest and principal are more frequent (usually monthly) and 2) falling interest rates generally cause individual borrowers to pay off their mortgage earlier than expected, which results in prepayments of principal on the securities, thus forcing a Fund to reinvest the money at a lower interest rate. In addition to risks associated with changes in interest rates described in “Factors Affecting the Value of Debt Securities,” a variety of economic, geographic, social and other factors, such as the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, can cause investors to repay the loans underlying a mortgage-backed security sooner than expected. When prepayment occurs, a Fund may have to reinvest its principal at a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on existing mortgage-backed securities.
Asset-Backed Securities. These securities are interests in pools of a broad range of assets other than mortgages, such as automobile loans, computer leases and credit card receivables. Like mortgage-backed securities, these securities are pass-through. In general, the collateral supporting these securities is of shorter maturity than mortgage loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments with interest rate fluctuations, but may still be subject to prepayment risk.
Asset-backed securities present certain risks that are not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Primarily, these securities may not have the benefit of any security interest in the related assets, which raises the possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not be available to support payments on these securities. For example, credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which allow debtors to reduce their balances by offsetting certain amounts owed on the credit cards. Most issuers of asset-backed securities backed by automobile receivables permit the servicers of such receivables to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related asset-backed securities. Due to the quantity of vehicles involved and requirements under state laws, asset-backed securities backed by automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in all of the obligations backing such receivables.
To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, the entity administering the pool of assets may agree to ensure the receipt of payments on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion (“liquidity protection”). In addition, asset-backed securities may obtain insurance, such as guarantees, policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, for some or all of the assets in the pool (“credit support”). Delinquency or loss more than that anticipated or failure of the credit support could adversely affect the return on an investment in such a security.
The Funds may also invest in residual interests in asset-backed securities, which consist of the excess cash flow remaining after making required payments on the securities and paying related administrative expenses. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a particular issue of asset-backed securities depends in part on the characteristics of the underlying assets, the coupon rates on the securities, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the actual prepayment experience on the underlying assets.
Trust Preferred Securities. The Funds may invest in trust preferred securities, which are hybrid instruments issued by a special purpose trust (“Special Trust”), the entire equity interest of which is owned by a single issuer. The proceeds of the issuance to a Fund of trust preferred securities are typically used to purchase a junior subordinated debenture, and distributions from the Special Trust are funded by the payments of principal and interest on the subordinated debenture.
If payments on the underlying junior subordinated debentures held by the Special Trust are deferred by the debenture issuer, the debentures would be treated as original issue discount (“OID”) obligations for the remainder of their term. As a result, holders of trust preferred securities, such as a Fund, would be required to accrue daily for federal income tax purposes their share of the stated interest and the de minimis OID on the debentures (regardless of whether the Fund receives any cash distributions from the Special Trust), and the value of trust preferred securities would likely be negatively affected. Interest payments on the underlying junior subordinated debentures typically may only be deferred if dividends are suspended on both common and preferred stock of the issuer. The underlying junior subordinated debentures generally rank slightly higher in terms of payment priority than both common and preferred securities of the issuer, but rank below other subordinated debentures and debt securities. Trust preferred securities may be subject to mandatory prepayment under certain circumstances. The market values of trust preferred securities may be more volatile than those of conventional debt securities. Trust preferred securities may be issued in reliance on Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, and, unless and until registered, are restricted securities. There can be no assurance as to the liquidity of trust preferred securities and the ability of holders of trust preferred securities, such as the Funds, to sell their holdings.
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Terms to Understand:
Maturity. Every debt security has a stated maturity date when the issuer must repay the amount it borrowed (principal) from investors. Some debt securities, however, are callable, meaning the issuer can repay the principal earlier, on or after specified dates (call dates). Debt securities are most likely to be called when interest rates are falling because the issuer can refinance at a lower rate, similar to a homeowner refinancing a mortgage. The effective maturity of a debt security is usually its nearest call date.
A fund that invests in debt securities has no real maturity. Instead, it calculates its weighted average maturity. This number is an average of the effective or anticipated maturity of each debt security held by a fund, with the maturity of each security weighted by the percentage of the assets of the mutual fund it represents.
Duration. Duration is a calculation that seeks to measure the price sensitivity of a debt security, or a Fund that invests in debt securities, to changes in interest rates. Duration measures sensitivity more accurately than maturity because it takes into account the time value of cash flows generated over the life of a debt security. Future interest payments and principal payments are discounted to reflect their present value and then are multiplied by the number of years they will be received to produce a value expressed in years–the duration. Effective duration takes into account call features and sinking Fund prepayments that may shorten the life of a debt security.
An effective duration of four years, for example, would suggest that for each 1% reduction in interest rates at all maturity levels, the price of a security is estimated to increase by 4%. An increase in rates by the same magnitude is estimated to reduce the price of the security by 4%. By knowing the yield and the effective duration of a debt security, one can estimate total return based on an expectation of how much interest rates, in general, will change. While serving as a good estimator of prospective returns, effective duration is an imperfect measure.
Factors Affecting The Value of Debt Securities. The total return of a debt instrument is composed of two elements: the percentage change in the security’s price and interest income earned. The yield to maturity of a debt security estimates its total return only if the price of the debt security remains unchanged during the holding period and coupon interest is reinvested at the same yield to maturity. The total return of a debt instrument, therefore, will be determined not only by how much interest is earned, but also by how much the price of the security and interest rates change.
• | Interest Rates |
The price of a debt security generally moves in the opposite direction from interest rates (i.e., if interest rates go up, the value of the bond will go down, and vice versa).
• | Prepayment Risk |
This risk affects mainly mortgage-backed securities. Unlike other debt securities, falling interest rates can adversely affect the value of mortgage-backed securities, which may cause your share price to fall. Lower rates motivate borrowers to pay off the instruments underlying mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities earlier than expected, resulting in prepayments on the securities. A Fund may then have to reinvest the proceeds from such prepayments at lower interest rates, which can reduce its yield. The unexpected timing of mortgage and asset-backed prepayments caused by the variations in interest rates may also shorten or lengthen the average maturity of a Fund. If left unattended, drifts in the average maturity of a Fund can have the unintended effect of increasing or reducing the effective duration of the Fund, which may adversely affect the expected performance of the Fund.
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• | Extension Risk |
The other side of prepayment risk occurs when interest rates are rising. Rising interest rates can cause a Fund’s average maturity to lengthen unexpectedly due to a drop in mortgage prepayments. This relationship would increase the sensitivity of a Fund to rising rates as well as the potential for price declines. Extending the average life of a mortgage-backed security increases the risk of depreciation due to future increases in market interest rates. For these reasons, mortgage-backed securities may be less effective than other types of U.S. government securities as a means of “locking in” interest rates.
• | Credit Rating |
Coupon interest is offered to investors of debt securities as compensation for assuming risk, although short-term treasury securities, such as three-month treasury bills, are considered “risk free.” Corporate securities offer higher yields than treasury securities because their payment of interest and complete repayment of principal is less certain. The credit rating or financial condition of an issuer may affect the value of a debt security. Generally, the lower the quality rating of a security, the greater the risks that the issuer will fail to pay interest and return principal. To compensate investors for taking on increased risk, issuers with lower credit ratings usually offer their investors a higher “risk premium” in the form of higher interest rates than those available from comparable treasury securities.
Changes in investor confidence regarding the certainty of interest and principal payments of a corporate debt security will result in an adjustment to this “risk premium.” Since an issuer’s outstanding debt carries a fixed coupon, adjustments to the risk premium must occur in the price, which affects the yield to maturity of the bond. If an issuer defaults or becomes unable to honor its financial obligations, the bond may lose some or all of its value.
A security rated within the four highest rating categories by a rating agency is called investment-grade because its issuer is more likely to pay interest and repay principal than an issuer of a lower rated bond. Adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances, however, may weaken the capacity of the issuer to pay interest and repay principal. If a security is not rated or is rated under a different system, Westwood Management Corp. (the "Adviser") may determine the credit quality of the security.
Debt securities rated below investment-grade (junk bonds) are highly speculative securities that are usually issued by smaller, less credit-worthy and/or highly leveraged (indebted) companies. A corporation may issue a junk bond because of a corporate restructuring or other similar event. Compared with investment-grade bonds, junk bonds carry a greater degree of risk and are less likely to make payments of interest and principal. Market developments and the financial and business condition of the corporation issuing these securities influence their price and liquidity more than changes in interest rates, when compared to investment-grade debt securities. Insufficient liquidity in the junk bond market may make it more difficult to dispose of junk bonds and may cause a Fund to experience sudden and substantial price declines. A lack of reliable, objective data or market quotations may make it more difficult to value junk bonds accurately.
Rating agencies are organizations that assign ratings to securities based primarily on the rating agency’s assessment of the issuer’s financial strength. The Funds currently use ratings compiled by Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (“S&P”), Fitch Ratings and other nationally recognized statistical ratings organizations ("NRSROs"). Credit ratings are only an agency’s opinion, not an absolute standard of quality, and they do not reflect an evaluation of market risk.
The section “Appendix A – Description of Ratings” contains further information concerning the ratings of certain rating agencies and their significance.
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The Adviser may use ratings produced by ratings agencies as guidelines to determine the rating of a security at the time a Fund buys it. A rating agency may change its credit ratings at any time. The Adviser monitors the rating of the security and will take such action, if any, it believes appropriate when it learns that a rating agency has reduced the security’s rating.
Bank Loans. Bank loans typically are arranged through private negotiations between a borrower and several financial institutions or a group of lenders which are represented by one or more lenders acting as agent. The agent is often a commercial bank that originates the loan and invites other parties to join the lending syndicate. The agent will be primarily responsible for negotiating the loan agreement and will have responsibility for the documentation and ongoing administration of the loan on behalf of the lenders after completion of the loan transaction. A Fund can invest in a bank loan either as a direct lender or through an assignment or participation.
When a Fund acts as a direct lender, it will have a direct contractual relationship with the borrower and may participate in structuring the loan, may enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement and may have voting, consent and set-off rights under the loan agreement.
Loan assignments are investments in all or a portion of certain bank loans purchased from the lenders or from other third parties. The purchaser of an assignment typically will acquire direct rights against the borrower under the loan. While the purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning lender under the loan agreement, because assignments are arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and assignors, or other third parties whose interests are being assigned, the rights and obligations acquired by a Fund may differ from and be more limited than those held by the assigning lender.
A holder of a loan participation typically has only a contractual right with the seller of the participation and not with the borrower or any other entities interpositioned between the seller of the participation and the borrower. As such, the purchaser of a loan participation assumes the credit risk of the seller of the participation, and any intermediary entities between the seller and the borrower, in addition to the credit risk of the borrower. When a Fund holds a loan participation, it will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and fees to which it may be entitled only from the seller of the participation and only upon receipt of the seller of such payments from the borrower or from any intermediary parties between the seller and the borrower. Additionally, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, will have no voting, consent or set-off rights under the loan agreement and may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the loan although lenders that sell participations generally are required to distribute liquidation proceeds received by them pro rata among the holders of such participations. In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the borrower, a loan participation may be subject to certain defenses that can be asserted by the borrower as a result of improper conduct by the seller or intermediary. If the borrower fails to pay principal and interest when due, a Fund may be subject to greater delays, expenses and risks than those that would have been involved if the Fund had purchased a direct obligation of such borrower.
Direct loans, assignments and loan participations may be considered liquid, as determined by the Adviser based on criteria approved by the Board.
A Fund may have difficulty disposing of bank loans because, in certain cases, the market for such instruments is not highly liquid. The lack of a highly liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such instruments and on the Fund’s ability to dispose of the bank loan in response to a specific economic event, such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower. Furthermore, transactions in many loans settle on a delayed basis, and the Fund may not receive the proceeds from the sale of a loan for a substantial period of time after the sale. As a result, those proceeds will not be available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations. To the extent that extended settlement creates short-term liquidity needs, a Fund may satisfy these needs by holding additional cash or selling other investments (potentially at an inopportune time, which could result in losses to a Fund).
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Bank loans may not be considered “securities,” and purchasers, such as a Fund, therefore may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws.
The Adviser may from time to time have the opportunity to receive material, non-public information (“Confidential Information”) about the borrower, including financial information and related documentation regarding the borrower that is not publicly available. Pursuant to applicable policies and procedures, the Adviser may (but is not required to) seek to avoid receipt of Confidential Information from the borrower so as to avoid possible restrictions on its ability to purchase and sell investments on behalf of a Fund and other clients to which such Confidential Information relates (e.g., publicly traded securities issued by the borrower). In such circumstances, the Fund (and other clients of the Adviser) may be disadvantaged in comparison to other investors, including with respect to the price the Fund pays or receives when it buys or sells a bank loan. Further, the Adviser's abilities to assess the desirability of proposed consents, waivers or amendments with respect to certain bank loans may be compromised if it is not privy to available Confidential Information. The Adviser may also determine to receive such Confidential Information in certain circumstances under its applicable policies and procedures. If the Adviser intentionally or unintentionally comes into possession of Confidential Information, it may be unable, potentially for a substantial period of time, to purchase or sell publicly traded securities to which such Confidential Information relates.
Foreign Securities. Foreign securities include equity securities of foreign entities, obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and of foreign banks, including, without limitation, European Certificates of Deposit, European Time Deposits, European Bankers’ Acceptances, Canadian Time Deposits, Europaper and Yankee Certificates of Deposit, and investments in Canadian Commercial Paper and foreign securities. These instruments have investment risks that differ in some respects from those related to investments in obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. Such risks include future adverse political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on interest or other income, possible seizure, nationalization, or expropriation of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange controls or taxation at the source, greater fluctuations in value due to changes in exchange rates, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on such obligations. Such investments may also entail higher custodial fees and sales commissions than domestic investments. Foreign issuers of securities or obligations are often subject to accounting treatment and engage in business practices different from those respecting domestic issuers of similar securities or obligations. Foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S. banks.
In June 2016, a majority of voters in the United Kingdom (the “UK”) voted in a referendum to leave the European Union (“EU”). Although the precise timeframe for “Brexit” is uncertain, the UK formally notified the European Council of its intention to withdraw from the EU by invoking article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty in March 2017, and this formal notification began a two-year period of negotiations regarding the terms of the UK’s exit from the EU. It is unclear how withdrawal negotiations will be conducted and what the potential consequences may be. In addition, it is possible that measures could be taken to revote on the issue of Brexit, or that portions of the UK could seek to separate and remain a part of the EU. As a result of the political divisions within the UK and between the UK and the EU that the referendum vote has highlighted and the uncertain consequences of a Brexit, the UK and European economies and the broader global economy could be significantly impacted, which may result in increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth in markets in the UK, Europe and globally that could potentially have an adverse effect on the value of the Funds’ investments.
Investments in Emerging Markets. “Emerging markets” include countries in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index, and other countries that the Funds consider to be equivalent to those in that index based on their level of economic development or the size and experience of their securities markets. The Funds consider a company to be an emerging market company if (i) at least 50% of the company’s assets are located in emerging markets; (ii) at least 50% of the company’s revenues are generated in emerging markets; or (iii) the company is domiciled in an emerging market.
Investing in emerging markets involves additional risks and special considerations not typically associated with investing in other more established economies or markets. Such risks may include (i) increased risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; (ii) greater social, economic and political uncertainty, including war; (iii) higher dependence on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade; (iv) greater volatility, less liquidity and smaller capitalization of markets; (v) greater volatility in currency exchange rates; (vi) greater risk of inflation; (vii) greater controls on foreign investment and limitations on realization of investments, repatriation of invested capital and on the ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (viii) increased likelihood of governmental involvement in and control over the economy; (ix) governmental decisions to cease support of economic reform programs or to impose centrally planned economies; (x) differences in auditing and financial reporting standards which may result in the unavailability of material information about issuers; (xi) less extensive regulation of the markets; (xii) longer settlement periods for transactions and less reliable clearance and custody arrangements; (xiii) less developed corporate laws regarding fiduciary duties of officers and directors and the protection of investors; (xiv) certain considerations regarding the maintenance of a Fund’s securities with local brokers and securities depositories and (xv) the imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividends, interest, capital gains, other income or gross sale or disposition proceeds.
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Repatriation of investment income, assets and the proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some emerging market countries. The Funds could be adversely affected by delays in or a refusal to grant any required governmental registration or approval for such repatriation or by withholding taxes imposed by emerging market countries on interest or dividends paid on securities held by the Funds or gains from the disposition of such securities.
In emerging markets, there is often less government supervision and regulation of business and industry practices, stock exchanges, over-the-counter markets, brokers, dealers, counterparties and issuers than in other more established markets. Any regulatory supervision that is in place may be subject to manipulation or control. Some emerging market countries do not have mature legal systems comparable to those of more developed countries. Moreover, the process of legal and regulatory reform may not be proceeding at the same pace as market developments, which could result in investment risk. Legislation to safeguard the rights of private ownership may not yet be in place in certain areas, and there may be the risk of conflict among local, regional and national requirements. In certain cases, the laws and regulations governing investments in securities may not exist or may be subject to inconsistent or arbitrary appreciation or interpretation. Both the independence of judicial systems and their immunity from economic, political or nationalistic influences remain largely untested in many countries. The Funds may also encounter difficulties in pursuing legal remedies or in obtaining and enforcing judgments in local courts.
Investment in the People’s Republic of China (“China”). Investing in China is subject to the risks of investing in emerging markets and additional risks which are specific to the Chinese market.
The economy of China is in a state of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented economy and investments may be sensitive to changes in law and regulation together with political, social or economic policy which includes possible government intervention.
Each Fund may incur losses due to limited investment capabilities, or may not be able to fully implement or pursue its investment objective or strategy, due to local investment restrictions, illiquidity of the Chinese domestic securities market, and/or delay or disruption in execution and settlement of trades.
Investments in China A Shares. The Funds may invest in A Shares of companies based in China through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program or Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (collectively, “Stock Connect”) subject to any applicable regulatory limits. Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing linked program developed by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (“HKEx”), the Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited (“HKSCC”), Shanghai Stock Exchange (“SSE”), Shenzhen Stock Exchange (“SZSE”) and China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited (“ChinaClear”) with the aim of achieving mutual stock market access between China and Hong Kong. This program allows foreign investors to trade certain SSE-listed or SZSE-listed China A Shares through their Hong Kong based brokers. All Hong Kong and overseas investors in Stock Connect will trade and settle SSE or SZSE securities in the offshore Renminbi (“CNH”) only. The Funds will be exposed to any fluctuation in the exchange rate between the U.S. Dollar and CNH in respect of such investments.
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By seeking to invest in the domestic securities markets of China via Stock Connect a Fund is subject to the following additional risks:
• | General Risks. The relevant regulations are relatively untested and subject to change. There is no certainty as to how they will be applied, which could adversely affect the Fund. The program requires use of new information technology systems which may be subject to operational risk due to the program’s cross-border nature. If the relevant systems fail to function properly, trading in both Hong Kong and Chinese markets through the program could be disrupted. |
Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banks in both markets are open on the corresponding settlement days. There may be occasions when it is a normal trading day for the Chinese market but Stock Connect is not trading. As a result, the Fund may be subject to the risk of price fluctuations in China A Shares when the Fund cannot carry out any China A Shares trading.
• | Foreign Shareholding Restrictions. The trading, acquisition, disposal and holding of securities under Stock Connect are subject at all times to applicable law, which imposes purchasing and holding limits. These limitations and restrictions may have the effect of restricting an investor’s ability to purchase, subscribe for or hold any China A Shares or to take up any entitlements in respect of such shares, or requiring an investor to reduce its holding in any securities, whether generally or at a particular point of time, and whether by way of forced sale or otherwise. As such, investors may incur loss arising from such limitations, restrictions and/or forced sale. |
• | Clearing and Settlement Risk. HKSCC and ChinaClear have established the clearing links and each will become a participant of each other to facilitate clearing and settlement of cross-boundary trades. For cross-boundary trades initiated in a market, the clearing house of that market will on one hand clear and settle with its own clearing participants and on the other hand undertake to fulfill the clearing and settlement obligations of its clearing participants with the counterparty clearing house. |
In the event ChinaClear defaults, HKSCC’s liabilities under its market contracts with clearing participants may be limited to assisting clearing participants with claims. It is anticipated that HKSCC will act in good faith to seek recovery of the outstanding stocks and monies from ChinaClear through available legal channels or the liquidation of ChinaClear. Regardless, the process of recovery could be delayed and the Fund may not fully recover its losses or its Stock Connect securities.
• | Legal/Beneficial Ownership. Where securities are held in custody on a cross-border basis there are specific legal and beneficial ownership risks linked to the compulsory requirements of the local central securities depositaries, HKSCC and ChinaClear. |
As in other emerging markets, the legislative framework is only beginning to develop the concept of legal/formal ownership and of beneficial ownership or interest in securities. In addition, HKSCC, as nominee holder, does not guarantee the title to Stock Connect securities held through it and is under no obligation to enforce title or other rights associated with ownership on behalf of beneficial owners. Consequently, the courts may consider that any nominee or custodian as registered holder of Stock Connect securities would have full ownership thereof, and that those Stock Connect securities would form part of the pool of assets of such entity available for distribution to creditors of such entities and/or that a beneficial owner may have no rights whatsoever in respect thereof. Consequently, neither the Fund nor its custodian can ensure that the Fund’s ownership of these securities or title thereto is assured.
To the extent that HKSCC is deemed to be performing safekeeping functions with respect to assets held through it, it should be noted that the Fund and its custodian will have no legal relationship with HKSCC and no direct legal recourse against HKSCC in the event that the Fund suffers losses resulting from the performance or insolvency of HKSCC.
• | Operational Risk. The HKSCC provides clearing, settlement, nominee functions and other related services in respect of trades executed by Hong Kong market participants. Chinese regulations which include certain restrictions on selling and buying will apply to all market participants. In the case of a sale, pre-delivery of shares to the broker is required, increasing counterparty risk. As a result, the Fund may not be able to purchase and/or dispose of holdings of China A Shares in a timely manner. |
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• | Day Trading Restrictions. Day (turnaround) trading is not permitted through Stock Connect. Investors buying A Shares on day T can only sell the shares on and after day T+1 subject to any Stock Connect rules. |
• | Quota Limitations. The Stock Connect program is subject to daily quota limitations which may restrict the Fund’s ability to invest in China A Shares through the program on a timely basis. |
• | Investor Compensation. The Fund will not benefit from Chinese local investor compensation schemes. |
Tax within China. Uncertainties in Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in A Shares via Stock Connect could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a Fund. A Fund’s investments in securities, including A Shares, issued by Chinese companies may cause the Fund to become subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by China.
If a Fund were considered to be a tax resident of China, it would be subject to Chinese corporate income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide taxable income. If a Fund were considered to be a non-resident enterprise with a “permanent establishment” in China, it would be subject to Chinese corporate income tax of 25% on the profits attributable to the permanent establishment. The Adviser intends to operate each Fund in a manner that will prevent it from being treated as a tax resident of China and from having a permanent establishment in China. It is possible, however, that China could disagree with that conclusion, or that changes in Chinese tax law could affect the Chinese corporate income tax status of a Fund.
China generally imposes withholding income tax at a rate of 10% on dividends, premiums, interest and capital gains originating in China and paid to a company that is not a resident of China for tax purposes and that has no permanent establishment in China. The withholding is in general made by the relevant Chinese tax resident company making such payments. In the event the relevant Chinese tax resident company fails to withhold the relevant Chinese withholding income tax or otherwise fails to pay the relevant withholding income tax to Chinese tax authorities, the competent tax authorities may, at their sole discretion, impose tax obligations on a Fund.
The Ministry of Finance of China, the State Administration of Taxation of China and the China Securities Regulatory Commission issued Caishui [2014] No. 81 on October 31, 2014 (“Notice 81”) and Caishui [2016] No. 127 on November 5, 2016 ("Notice 127"), both of which state that the capital gain from disposal of China A Shares by foreign investors enterprises via Stock Connect will be temporarily exempt from withholding income tax. Notice 81 and Notice 127 also state that the dividends derived from A Shares by foreign investors enterprises is subject to a 10% withholding income tax.
There is no indication of how long the temporary exemption will remain in effect and a Fund may be subject to such withholding income tax in the future. If, in the future, China begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from investments through Stock Connect and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments, a Fund could be subject to withholding income tax liability if the Fund determines that such liability cannot be reduced or eliminated by applicable tax treaties. The Chinese tax authorities may in the future issue further guidance in this regard and with potential retrospective effect. The negative impact of any such tax liability on a Fund’s return could be substantial.
In light of the uncertainty as to how gains or income that may be derived from a Fund’s investments in China will be taxed, the Fund reserves the right to provide for withholding tax on such gains or income and withhold tax for the account of the Fund. Withholding tax may already be withheld at a broker/custodian level.
Any tax provision, if made, will be reflected in the net asset value of a Fund at the time the provision is used to satisfy tax liabilities. If the actual applicable tax levied by the Chinese tax authorities is greater than that provided for by the Fund so that there is a shortfall in the tax provision amount, the net asset value of the Fund may suffer as the Fund will have to bear additional tax liabilities. In this case, then existing and new shareholders in the Fund will be disadvantaged. If the actual applicable tax levied by Chinese tax authorities is less than that provided for by the Fund so that there is an excess in the tax provision amount, shareholders who redeemed Fund shares before the Chinese tax authorities’ ruling, decision or guidance may have been disadvantaged as they would have borne any loss from the Fund’s overprovision. In this case, the then existing and new shareholders in the Fund may benefit if the difference between the tax provision and the actual taxation liability can be returned to the account of the Fund as assets thereof. Any excess in the tax provision amount shall be treated as property of the Fund, and shareholders who previously transferred or redeemed their Fund shares will not be entitled or have any right to claim any part of the amount representing the excess.
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Stamp duty under the Chinese laws generally applies to the execution and receipt of taxable documents, which include contracts for the sale of A Shares traded on Chinese stock exchanges. In the case of such contracts, the stamp duty is currently imposed on the seller but not on the purchaser, at the rate of 0.1%. The sale or other transfer by the Adviser of A Shares will accordingly be subject to Chinese stamp duty, but the Fund will not be subject to Chinese stamp duty when it acquires A Shares.
A Fund may also potentially be subject to Chinese value added tax at the rate of 6% on capital gains derived from trading of A Shares and interest income (if any). Existing guidance provides a temporary value added tax exemption for Hong Kong and overseas investors in respect of their gains derived from the trading of Chinese securities through Stock Connect. Because there is no indication how long the temporary exemption will remain in effect, a Fund may be subject to such value added tax in the future. In addition, urban maintenance and construction tax (currently at rates ranging from 1% to 7%), educational surcharge (currently at the rate of 3%) and local educational surcharge (currently at the rate of 2%) (collectively, the “surtaxes”) are imposed based on value added tax liabilities, so if the Fund were liable for value added tax it would also be required to pay the applicable surtaxes.
The Chinese rules for taxation of Stock Connect are evolving, and certain of the tax regulations to be issued by the State Administration of Taxation of China and/or Ministry of Finance of China to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to a Fund and its shareholders. The imposition of taxes, particularly on a retrospective basis, could have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s returns. Before further guidance is issued and is well established in the administrative practice of the Chinese tax authorities, the practices of the Chinese tax authorities that collect Chinese taxes relevant to a Fund may differ from, or be applied in a manner inconsistent with, the practices with respect to the analogous investments described herein or any further guidance that may be issued. The value of a Fund’s investment in China and the amount of its income and gains could be adversely affected by an increase in tax rates or change in the taxation basis.
The above information is only a general summary of the potential Chinese tax consequences that may be imposed on a Fund and its shareholders either directly or indirectly and should not be taken as a definitive, authoritative or comprehensive statement of the relevant matter. Shareholders should seek their own tax advice on their tax position with regard to their investment in a Fund.
The Chinese government has implemented a number of tax reform policies in recent years. The current tax laws and regulations may be revised or amended in the future. Any revision or amendment in tax laws and regulations may affect the after-taxation profit of Chinese companies and foreign investors in such companies, such as a Fund.
American Depositary Receipts. American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), as well as other “hybrid” forms of ADRs, including European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. Depositary receipts are securities that evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities that have been deposited with a “depository” and may be sponsored or unsponsored. These certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
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For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a foreign issuer. For other depositary receipts, the depository may be a foreign or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a foreign or a U.S. issuer. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs are issued in registered form, denominated in U.S. dollars, and designed for use in the U.S. securities markets. Other depositary receipts, such as GDRs and EDRs, may be issued in bearer form and denominated in other currencies, and are generally designed for use in securities markets outside the U.S. While the two types of depositary receipt facilities (unsponsored or sponsored) are similar, there are differences regarding a holder’s rights and obligations and the practices of market participants. A depository may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or acquiescence of) the underlying issuer; typically, however, the depository requests a letter of non-objection from the underlying issuer prior to establishing the facility. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depository usually charges fees upon deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of non-cash distributions, and the performance of other services.
Sponsored depositary receipt facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depository and the underlying issuer through a deposit agreement. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the underlying issuer, the depository, and the depositary receipt holders. With sponsored facilities, the underlying issuer typically bears some of the costs of the depositary receipts (such as dividend payment fees of the depository), although most sponsored depositary receipts agree to distribute notices of shareholders meetings, voting instructions, and other shareholder communications and information to the depositary receipt holders at the underlying issuer’s request. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through, to the holders of the receipts, voting rights with respect to the deposited securities.
For purposes of a Fund’s investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock. Depositary receipts do not eliminate all of the risks associated with directly investing in the securities of foreign issuers.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers may subject the Funds to investment risks that differ in some respects from those related to investments in securities of U.S. issuers. Such risks include future adverse political and economic developments, possible imposition of withholding taxes on income, possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of foreign deposits, possible establishment of exchange controls or taxation at the source or greater fluctuation in value due to changes in exchange rates. Foreign issuers of securities often engage in business practices different from those of domestic issuers of similar securities, and there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers. In addition, foreign issuers are, generally speaking, subject to less government supervision and regulation and different accounting treatment than are those in the United States.
Sovereign Debt Obligations. Sovereign debt obligations are issued or guaranteed by foreign governments or their agencies. Sovereign debt may be in the form of conventional securities or other types of debt instruments such as loans or loan participations. Governmental entities responsible for repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal and pay interest when due, and may require renegotiation or reschedule of debt payments. In addition, prospects for repayment of principal and payment of interest may depend on political as well as economic factors. Although some sovereign debt, such as Brady Bonds, is collateralized by U.S. government securities, repayment of principal and payment of interest is not guaranteed by the U.S. government.
Municipal Securities. Municipal securities, including municipal bonds and municipal notes, consist of: (i) debt obligations issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to be used for various public facilities, for refunding outstanding obligations, for general operating expenses and for lending such funds to other public institutions and facilities, and (ii) certain private activity and industrial development bonds issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to provide for the construction, equipment, repair or improvement of privately operated facilities.
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Municipal bonds are debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes. Municipal bonds include general obligation bonds, revenue or special obligation bonds, private activity and industrial development bonds, moral obligation bonds and participation interests in municipal bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the taxing power of the issuing municipality. Revenue or special obligation bonds are backed by the revenues of a project or facility, such as tolls from a toll bridge. Private activity or industrial development bonds are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance various privately-owned or -operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports and pollution control. These bonds are also used to finance public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems, ports, parking or sewage or solid waste disposal facilities and certain other facilities. The payment of the principal and interest on such bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the facility’s user to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property financed as security for such payment. Moral obligation bonds are normally issued by special purpose authorities. Moral obligation bonds are not backed by the full faith and credit of the issuing municipality, but are generally backed by the agreement of the issuing authority to request appropriations from the municipality’s legislative body. Certificates of participation represent an interest in an underlying obligation or commitment, such as an obligation issued in connection with a leasing arrangement.
Municipal notes consist of general obligation notes, tax anticipation notes (notes sold to finance working capital needs of the issuer in anticipation of receiving taxes on a future date), revenue anticipation notes (notes sold to provide needed cash prior to receipt of expected non-tax revenues from a specific source), bond anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes, certificates of indebtedness, demand notes and construction loan notes. The maturities of the instruments at the time of issue will generally range from three months to one year.
Money Market Securities. Money market securities include short-term U.S. government securities; custodial receipts evidencing separately traded interest and principal components of securities issued by the U.S. Treasury; commercial paper rated in the highest short-term rating category by an NRSRO, such as S&P or Moody’s, or determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase; short-term bank obligations (certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances) of U.S. commercial banks with assets of at least $1 billion as of the end of their most recent fiscal year; and repurchase agreements involving such securities. Each of these money market securities are described below. For a description of ratings, see “Appendix A – Description of Ratings” to this SAI.
Real Estate Investment Trusts. A REIT is a corporation or business trust (that would otherwise be taxed as a corporation) which meets the definitional requirements of the Code. The Code permits a qualifying REIT to deduct from taxable income the dividends paid, thereby effectively eliminating corporate level federal income tax and making the REIT a pass-through vehicle for federal income tax purposes. To meet the definitional requirements of the Code, a REIT must, among other things: invest substantially all of its assets in interests in real estate (including mortgages and other REITs), cash and government securities; derive most of its income from rents from real property or interest on loans secured by mortgages on real property; and distribute annually 90% or more of its otherwise taxable income to shareholders.
REITs are sometimes informally characterized as Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. An Equity REIT invests primarily in the fee ownership or leasehold ownership of land and buildings; a Mortgage REIT invests primarily in mortgages on real property, which may secure construction, development or long-term loans.
REITs may be affected by changes in underlying real estate values, which may have an exaggerated effect to the extent that REITs in which the Funds invest may concentrate investments in particular geographic regions or property types. Certain REITs have relatively small market capitalization, which may tend to increase the volatility of the market price of securities issued by such REITs. Additionally, rising interest rates may cause investors in REITs to demand a higher annual yield from future distributions, which may in turn decrease market prices for equity securities issued by REITs. Rising interest rates also generally increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could cause the value of a Fund’s investments to decline. During periods of declining interest rates, certain Mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay, which prepayment may diminish the yield on securities issued by such Mortgage REITs. Equity and Mortgage REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, Mortgage REITs may be affected by the ability of borrowers to repay when due the debt extended by the REIT and Equity REITs may be affected by the ability of tenants to pay rent. The above factors may adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments.
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Furthermore, REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. By investing in REITs indirectly through a Fund, a shareholder will bear not only his proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of the REITs. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders. In addition, REITs could possibly fail to qualify for tax free pass-through of income under the Code or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act.
• | Real Estate Companies’ Securities. The Funds may be subject to the risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. For example, real estate values may fluctuate as a result of general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, demographic trends and variations in rental income, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, regulatory limitations on rents, changes in neighborhood values, related party risks, changes in how appealing properties are to tenants, changes in interest rates and other real estate capital market influences. |
U.S. Government Securities. Each Fund may invest in U.S. government securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. U.S. Treasury bills have initial maturities of one-year or less; U.S. Treasury notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and U.S. Treasury bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. U.S. Treasury notes and bonds typically pay coupon interest semi-annually and repay the principal at maturity. Certain U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, obligations of U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Small Business Administration, the Federal Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, Banks for Cooperatives (including the Central Bank for Cooperatives), the Federal Land Banks, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Federal Financing Bank, the Student Loan Marketing Association, the National Credit Union Administration and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (“Farmer Mac”).
Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, including, for example, Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those securities issued by Fannie Mae, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency. Additionally, some obligations are issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, which are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. While the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored federal agencies, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law. Guarantees of principal by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities may be a guarantee of payment at the maturity of the obligation so that in the event of a default prior to maturity there might not be a market and thus no means of realizing on the obligation prior to maturity. Guarantees as to the timely payment of principal and interest do not extend to the value or yield of these securities nor to the value of the Funds’ shares.
On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of Fannie Mae and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality (the “Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement” or “Agreement”). Under the Agreement, the U.S. Treasury pledged to provide up to $200 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash capital to the instrumentalities in the event their liabilities exceed their assets. This was intended to ensure that the instrumentalities maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations, preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. On December 24, 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced that it was amending the Agreement to allow the $200 billion cap on the U.S. Treasury’s funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in net worth through the end of 2012. The unlimited support the U.S. Treasury extended to the two companies expired at the beginning of 2013 – Fannie Mae’s support is now capped at $125 billion and Freddie Mac has a limit of $149 billion.
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On August 17, 2012, the U.S. Treasury announced that it was again amending the Agreement to terminate the requirement that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each pay a 10% annual dividend. Instead, the companies will transfer to the U.S. Treasury on a quarterly basis all profits earned during a quarter that exceed a capital reserve amount. The capital reserve amount was $3 billion in 2013, and decreased by $600 million in each subsequent year through 2017. It is believed that the new amendment puts Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in a better position to service their debt because the companies no longer have to borrow from the U.S. Treasury to make fixed dividend payments. As part of the new terms, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also will be required to reduce their investment portfolios over time. On December 21, 2017, the U.S. Treasury announced that it was again amending the Agreement to reinstate the $3 billion capital reserve amount.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are the subject of several continuing class action lawsuits and investigations by federal regulators over certain accounting, disclosure or corporate governance matters, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may adversely affect the guaranteeing entities. Importantly, the future of the entities is in serious question as the U.S. government reportedly is considering multiple options, ranging from nationalization, privatization, consolidation, or abolishment of the entities.
U.S. Treasury Obligations. U.S. Treasury obligations consist of direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury, including Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and separately traded interest and principal component parts of such obligations, including those transferable through the Federal book-entry system known as STRIPS. The STRIPS program lets investors hold and trade the individual interest and principal components of eligible Treasury notes and bonds as separate securities. Under the STRIPS program, the principal and interest components are separately issued by the U.S. Treasury at the request of depository financial institutions, which then trade the component parts separately.
Commercial Paper. Commercial paper is the term used to designate unsecured short-term promissory notes issued by corporations and other entities. Maturities on these issues vary from a few to 270 days.
Obligations of Domestic Banks, Foreign Banks and Foreign Branches of U.S. Banks. The Funds may invest in obligations issued by banks and other savings institutions. Investments in bank obligations include obligations of domestic branches of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks. Such investments in domestic branches of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks may involve risks that are different from investments in securities of domestic branches of U.S. banks. These risks may include future unfavorable political and economic developments, possible withholding taxes on interest income, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, currency controls, interest limitations, or other governmental restrictions which might affect the payment of principal or interest on the securities held by a Fund. Additionally, these institutions may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements and to different accounting, auditing, reporting and recordkeeping requirements than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S. banks. Bank obligations include the following:
• | Bankers’ Acceptances. Bankers’ acceptances are bills of exchange or time drafts drawn on and accepted by a commercial bank. Corporations use bankers’ acceptances to finance the shipment and storage of goods and to furnish dollar exchange. Maturities are generally six months or less. |
• | Certificates of Deposit. Certificates of deposit are interest-bearing instruments with a specific maturity. They are issued by banks and savings and loan institutions in exchange for the deposit of funds and normally can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Certificates of deposit with penalties for early withdrawal will be considered illiquid. |
• | Time Deposits. Time deposits are non-negotiable receipts issued by a bank in exchange for the deposit of funds. Like a certificate of deposit, it earns a specified rate of interest over a definite period of time; however, it cannot be traded in the secondary market. Time deposits with a withdrawal penalty or that mature in more than seven days are considered to be illiquid investments. |
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Repurchase Agreements. The Funds may enter into repurchase agreements with financial institutions. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which a fund acquires a fixed income security (generally a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker’s acceptance, or a certificate of deposit) from a commercial bank, broker, or dealer, and simultaneously agrees to resell such security to the seller at an agreed upon price and date (normally, the next business day). Because the security purchased constitutes collateral for the repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement may be considered a loan that is collateralized by the security purchased. The acquisition of a repurchase agreement may be deemed to be an acquisition of the underlying securities as long as the obligation of the seller to repurchase the securities is collateralized fully. The Funds follow certain procedures designed to minimize the risks inherent in such agreements. These procedures include effecting repurchase transactions only with creditworthy financial institutions whose condition will be continually monitored by the Adviser. The repurchase agreements entered into by the Funds will provide that the underlying collateral at all times shall have a value at least equal to 102% of the resale price stated in the agreement and consist only of securities permissible under Section 101(47)(A)(i) of the Bankruptcy Code (the Adviser monitors compliance with this requirement). Under all repurchase agreements entered into by the Funds, the custodian or its agent must take possession of the underlying collateral. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Funds will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercising of a Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss. A Fund may enter into “tri-party” repurchase agreements. In “tri-party” repurchase agreements, an unaffiliated third party custodian maintains accounts to hold collateral for the Fund and its counterparties and, therefore, the Fund may be subject to the credit risk of those custodians.
It is the current policy of each Fund not to invest in repurchase agreements that do not mature within seven days if any such investment, together with any other illiquid assets held by that Fund, amounts to more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets. The investments of the Funds in repurchase agreements, at times, may be substantial when, in the view of the Adviser, liquidity or other considerations so warrant.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions in which a Fund sells portfolio securities to financial institutions, such as banks and broker-dealers, and agrees to repurchase them at a mutually agreed-upon date and price that is higher than the original sale price. Reverse repurchase agreements are similar to a fully collateralized borrowing by a Fund. At the time a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will earmark on the books of the Fund or place in a segregated account cash or liquid securities having a value equal to the repurchase price (including accrued interest) and will subsequently monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is maintained.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve risks. Reverse repurchase agreements are a form of leverage, and the use of reverse repurchase agreements by a Fund may increase the Fund’s volatility. Reverse repurchase agreements are also subject to the risk that the other party to the reverse repurchase agreement will be unable or unwilling to complete the transaction as scheduled, which may result in losses to a Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by a Fund may decline below the price at which it is obligated to repurchase the securities. In addition, when a Fund invests the proceeds it receives in a reverse repurchase transaction, there is a risk that those investments may decline in value. In this circumstance, the Fund could be required to sell other investments in order to meet its obligations to repurchase the securities.
Securities of Other Investment Companies. The Funds may invest in shares of other investment companies, to the extent permitted by applicable law and subject to certain restrictions. These investment companies typically incur fees that are separate from those fees incurred directly by the Funds. A Fund’s purchase of such investment company securities results in the layering of expenses, such that shareholders would indirectly bear a proportionate share of the operating expenses of such investment companies, including advisory fees, in addition to paying the Fund’s expenses. Unless an exception is available, Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act prohibits a fund from (i) acquiring more than 3% of the voting shares of any one investment company, (ii) investing more than 5% of its total assets in any one investment company, and (iii) investing more than 10% of its total assets in investment companies, including ETFs.
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For hedging or other purposes, the Funds may invest in investment companies that seek to track the composition and/or performance of specific indexes or portions of specific indexes. Certain of these investment companies, known as ETFs, are traded on a securities exchange. (See “Exchange-Traded Funds” above). The market prices of index-based investments will fluctuate in accordance with changes in the underlying portfolio securities of the investment company and also due to supply and demand of the investment company’s shares on the exchange upon which the shares are traded. Index-based investments may not replicate or otherwise match the composition or performance of their specified index due to transaction costs, among other things.
Pursuant to orders issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to certain ETFs and procedures approved by the Board, the Funds may invest in such ETFs in excess of the 3% limitation prescribed by Section 12(d)(1)(A) described above, provided that the Funds otherwise comply with the conditions of the applicable SEC order, as it may be amended, and any other applicable investment limitations. Neither such ETFs nor their investment advisers make any representations regarding the advisability of investing in the ETFs.
Exchange-Traded Notes (“ETNs”). ETNs are generally notes representing debt of the issuer, usually a financial institution. ETNs combine both aspects of bonds and ETFs. An ETN’s returns are based on the performance of one or more underlying assets, reference rates or indexes, minus fees and expenses. Similar to ETFs, ETNs are listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. However, unlike an ETF, an ETN can be held until the ETN’s maturity, at which time the issuer will pay a return linked to the performance of the specific asset, index or rate (“reference instrument”) to which the ETN is linked minus certain fees. Unlike regular bonds, ETNs do not make periodic interest payments, and principal is not protected. ETNs are not registered or regulated as investment companies under the 1940 Act.
The value of an ETN may be influenced by, among other things, time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying markets, changes in the applicable interest rates, the performance of the reference instrument, changes in the issuer’s credit rating and economic, legal, political or geographic events that affect the reference instrument. An ETN that is tied to a reference instrument may not replicate the performance of the reference instrument. ETNs also incur certain expenses not incurred by their applicable reference instrument. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid and, thus, they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Levered ETNs are subject to the same risk as other instruments that use leverage in any form. While leverage allows for greater potential return, the potential for loss is also greater. Finally, additional losses may be incurred if the investment loses value because, in addition to the money lost on the investment, the loan still needs to be repaid.
Because the return on the ETN is dependent on the issuer’s ability or willingness to meet its obligations, the value of the ETN may change due to a change in the issuer’s credit rating, despite no change in the underlying reference instrument. The market value of ETN shares may differ from the value of the reference instrument. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETN shares at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the assets underlying the reference instrument that the ETN seeks to track.
There may be restrictions on a Fund’s right to redeem its investment in an ETN, which are generally meant to be held until maturity. A Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. A Fund could lose some or all of the amount invested in an ETN.
Derivatives. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is based on an underlying asset (such as a stock or a bond), an underlying economic factor (such as an interest rate) or a market benchmark. Unless otherwise stated in the Prospectuses, the Funds may use derivatives for a number of purposes including managing risk, gaining exposure to various markets in a cost-efficient manner, reducing transaction costs, remaining fully invested and speculating. The Funds may also invest in derivatives with the goal of protecting themselves from broad fluctuations in market prices, interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates (a practice known as “hedging”). When hedging is successful, a Fund will have offset any depreciation in the value of its portfolio securities by the appreciation in the value of the derivative position. Although techniques other than the sale and purchase of derivatives could be used to control the exposure of the Funds to market fluctuations, the use of derivatives may be a more effective means of hedging this exposure. In the future, to the extent such use is consistent with the Funds’ investment objectives and is legally permissible, the Funds may use instruments and techniques that are not presently contemplated, but that may be subsequently developed.
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There can be no assurance that a derivative strategy, if employed, will be successful. Because many derivatives have a leverage or borrowing component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Accordingly, certain derivative transactions may be considered to constitute borrowing transactions for purposes of the 1940 Act. Such a derivative transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance of a “senior security” by a Fund, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by the Fund, if the Fund covers the transaction or segregates sufficient liquid assets (or such assets are “earmarked” on the Fund’s books) in accordance with the requirements and interpretations of the SEC and its staff. Futures contracts, forward contracts and other applicable securities and instruments that settle physically, and written options on such contracts, will be treated as cash settled for asset segregation purposes when a Fund has entered into a contractual arrangement with a third party futures commission merchant or other counterparty to off-set the Fund’s exposure under the contract and, failing that, to assign its delivery obligation under the contract to the counterparty.
Pursuant to rules adopted under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), a Fund must either operate within certain guidelines and restrictions with respect to the Fund’s use of futures, options on such futures, commodity options and certain swaps, or the Adviser will be subject to registration with the CFTC as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”).
Consistent with the CFTC’s regulations, the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, has filed a notice of exclusion from the definition of the term CPO under the CEA pursuant to CFTC Rule 4.5 and, therefore, the Funds are not subject to registration or regulation as CPOs under the CEA. As a result, the Funds will be limited in their ability to use futures, options on such futures, commodity options and certain swaps. Complying with the limitations may restrict the Adviser's ability to implement the Funds’ investment strategies and may adversely affect the Funds’ performance.
Types of Derivatives:
Futures. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties whereby one party agrees to sell and the other party agrees to buy a specified amount of a financial instrument at an agreed upon price and time. The financial instrument underlying the contract may be a stock, stock index, bond, bond index, interest rate, foreign exchange rate or other similar instrument. Agreeing to buy the underlying financial instrument is called buying a futures contract or taking a long position in the contract. Likewise, agreeing to sell the underlying financial instrument is called selling a futures contract or taking a short position in the contract.
Futures contracts are traded in the United States on commodity exchanges or boards of trade (known as “contract markets”) approved for such trading and regulated by the CFTC. These contract markets standardize the terms, including the maturity date and underlying financial instrument, of all futures contracts.
Unlike other securities, the parties to a futures contract do not have to pay for or deliver the underlying financial instrument until some future date (the “delivery date”). Contract markets require both the purchaser and seller to deposit “initial margin” with a futures broker, known as a futures commission merchant or custodian bank, when they enter into the contract. Initial margin deposits are typically equal to a percentage of the contract’s value. Initial margin is similar to a performance bond or good faith deposit on a contract and is returned to the depositing party upon termination of the futures contract if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. After they open a futures contract, the parties to the transaction must compare the purchase price of the contract to its daily market value. If the value of the futures contract changes in such a way that a party’s position declines, that party must make additional “variation margin” payments so that the margin payment is adequate. On the other hand, the value of the contract may change in such a way that there is excess margin on deposit, possibly entitling the party that has a gain to receive all or a portion of this amount.
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This process is known as “marking to the market.” Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by a party but is instead a settlement between the party and the futures broker of the amount one party would owe the other if the futures contract terminated. In computing daily NAV, each party marks to market its open futures positions.
Although the terms of a futures contract call for the actual delivery of and payment for the underlying security, in many cases the parties may close the contract early by taking an opposite position in an identical contract. If the sale price upon closing out the contract is less than the original purchase price, the party closing out the contract will realize a loss. If the sale price upon closing out the contract is more than the original purchase price, the party closing out the contract will realize a gain. Conversely, if the purchase price upon closing out the contract is more than the original sale price, the party closing out the contract will realize a loss. If the purchase price upon closing out the contract is less than the original sale price, the party closing out the contract will realize a gain.
A Fund may incur commission expenses when it opens or closes a futures position.
Options. An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price (known as the “strike price” or “exercise price”) at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option grants a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. Generally, a seller of an option can grant a buyer two kinds of rights: a “call” (the right to buy the security) or a “put” (the right to sell the security). Options have various types of underlying instruments, including specific securities, indices of securities prices, foreign currencies, interest rates and futures contracts. Options may be traded on an exchange (exchange-traded options) or may be customized agreements between the parties (over-the-counter or “OTC” options). Like futures, a financial intermediary, known as a clearing corporation, financially backs exchange-traded options. However, OTC options have no such intermediary and are subject to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligations under the contract. The principal factors affecting the market value of an option include supply and demand, interest rates, the current market value of the underlying instrument relative to the exercise price of the option, the volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until the option expires.
▪ | Purchasing Put and Call Options |
When a Fund purchases a put option, it buys the right to sell the instrument underlying the option at a fixed strike price. In return for this right, the Fund pays the current market price for the option (known as the “option premium”). A Fund may purchase put options to offset or hedge against a decline in the market value of its securities (“protective puts”) or to benefit from a decline in the price of securities that it does not own. A Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying securities decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to cover the premium and transaction costs. However, if the price of the underlying instrument does not fall enough to offset the cost of purchasing the option, a put buyer would lose the premium and related transaction costs.
Call options are similar to put options, except that a Fund obtains the right to purchase, rather than sell, the underlying instrument at the option’s strike price. A Fund would normally purchase call options in anticipation of an increase in the market value of securities it owns or wants to buy. A Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying instrument exceeded the exercise price plus the premium paid and related transaction costs. Otherwise, the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the call option.
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The purchaser of an option may terminate its position by:
▪ | Allowing it to expire and losing its entire premium; |
▪ | Exercising the option and either selling (in the case of a put option) or buying (in the case of a call option) the underlying instrument at the strike price; or |
▪ | Closing it out in the secondary market at its current price. |
▪ | Selling (Writing) Put and Call Options |
When a Fund writes a call option it assumes an obligation to sell specified securities to the holder of the option at a fixed strike price if the option is exercised at any time before the expiration date. Similarly, when a Fund writes a put option it assumes an obligation to purchase specified securities from the option holder at a fixed strike price if the option is exercised at any time before the expiration date. The Fund may terminate its position in an exchange-traded put option before exercise by buying an option identical to the one it has written. Similarly, the Fund may cancel an OTC option by entering into an offsetting transaction with the counterparty to the option.
A Fund could try to hedge against an increase in the value of securities it would like to acquire by writing a put option on those securities. If security prices rise, the Fund would expect the put option to expire and the premium it received to offset the increase in the security’s value. If security prices remain the same over time, the Fund would hope to profit by closing out the put option at a lower price. If security prices fall, the Fund may lose an amount of money equal to the difference between the value of the security and the premium it received. Writing covered put options may deprive a Fund of the opportunity to profit from a decrease in the market price of the securities it would like to acquire.
The characteristics of writing call options are similar to those of writing put options, except that call writers expect to profit if prices remain the same or fall. A Fund could try to hedge against a decline in the value of securities it already owns by writing a call option. If the price of that security falls as expected, the Fund would expect the option to expire and the premium it received to offset the decline of the security’s value. However, the Fund must be prepared to deliver the underlying instrument in return for the strike price, which may deprive it of the opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the securities it holds.
The Funds are permitted to write only “covered” options. At the time of selling a call option, a Fund may cover the option by owning, among other things:
▪ | The underlying security (or securities convertible into the underlying security without additional consideration), index, interest rate, foreign currency or futures contract; |
▪ | A call option on the same security or index with the same or lesser exercise price; |
▪ | A call option on the same security or index with a greater exercise price, provided that the Fund also segregates cash or liquid securities in an amount equal to the difference between the exercise prices; |
▪ | Cash or liquid securities equal to at least the market value of the optioned securities, interest rate, foreign currency or futures contract; or |
▪ | In the case of an index, the portfolio of securities that corresponds to the index. |
At the time of selling a put option, a Fund may cover the option by, among other things:
▪ | Entering into a short position in the underlying security; |
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▪ | Purchasing a put option on the same security, index, interest rate, foreign currency or futures contract with the same or greater exercise price; |
▪ | Purchasing a put option on the same security, index, interest rate, foreign currency or futures contract with a lesser exercise price and segregating cash or liquid securities in an amount equal to the difference between the exercise prices; or |
▪ | Maintaining the entire exercise price in liquid securities. |
▪ | Options on Securities Indices |
Options on securities indices are similar to options on securities, except that the exercise of securities index options requires cash settlement payments and does not involve the actual purchase or sale of securities. In addition, securities index options are designed to reflect price fluctuations in a group of securities or segment of the securities market rather than price fluctuations in a single security.
▪ | Options on Credit Default Swaps |
An option on a credit default swap gives the holder the right to enter into a credit default swap at a specified future date and under specified terms in exchange for a purchase price or premium. The writer of the option bears the risk of any unfavorable move in the value of the credit default swap relative to the market value on the exercise date, while the purchaser may allow the option to expire unexercised.
▪ | Options on Futures |
An option on a futures contract provides the holder with the right to buy a futures contract (in the case of a call option) or sell a futures contract (in the case of a put option) at a fixed time and price. Upon exercise of the option by the holder, the contract market clearing house establishes a corresponding short position for the writer of the option (in the case of a call option) or a corresponding long position (in the case of a put option). If the option is exercised, the parties will be subject to the futures contracts. In addition, the writer of an option on a futures contract is subject to initial and variation margin requirements on the option position. Options on futures contracts are traded on the same contract market as the underlying futures contract.
The buyer or seller of an option on a futures contract may terminate the option early by purchasing or selling an option of the same series (i.e., the same exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously purchased or sold. The difference between the premiums paid and received represents the trader’s profit or loss on the transaction.
A Fund may purchase put and call options on futures contracts instead of selling or buying futures contracts. The Fund may buy a put option on a futures contract for the same reasons it would sell a futures contract. It also may purchase such a put option in order to hedge a long position in the underlying futures contract. A Fund may buy a call option on a futures contract for the same purpose as the actual purchase of a futures contract, such as in anticipation of favorable market conditions.
A Fund may write a call option on a futures contract to hedge against a decline in the prices of the instrument underlying the futures contracts. If the price of the futures contract at expiration were below the exercise price, the Fund would retain the option premium, which would offset, in part, any decline in the value of its portfolio securities.
The writing of a put option on a futures contract is similar to the purchase of the futures contracts, except that, if the market price declines, a Fund would pay more than the market price for the underlying instrument. The premium received on the sale of the put option, less any transaction costs, would reduce the net cost to the Fund.
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▪ | Options on Foreign Currencies |
A put option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a foreign currency at the exercise price until the option expires. A call option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the option expires. The Funds may purchase or write put and call options on foreign currencies for the purpose of hedging against changes in future currency exchange rates.
The Funds may use foreign currency options given the same circumstances under which they could use forward foreign currency exchange contracts. For example, a decline in the U.S. dollar value of a foreign currency in which a Fund’s securities are denominated would reduce the U.S. dollar value of the securities, even if their value in the foreign currency remained constant. In order to hedge against such a risk, the Fund may purchase a put option on the foreign currency. If the value of the currency then declined, the Fund could sell the currency for a fixed amount in U.S. dollars and thereby offset, at least partially, the negative effect on its securities that otherwise would have resulted. Conversely, if a Fund anticipates a rise in the U.S. dollar value of a currency in which securities to be acquired are denominated, the Fund may purchase call options on the currency in order to offset, at least partially, the effects of negative movements in exchange rates. If currency exchange rates do not move in the direction or to the extent anticipated, the Funds could sustain losses on transactions in foreign currency options.
▪ | Combined Positions |
The Funds may purchase and write options in combination with each other, or in combination with futures or forward contracts or swap agreements, to adjust the risk and return characteristics of the overall position. For example, a Fund could construct a combined position whose risk and return characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract by purchasing a put option and writing a call option on the same underlying instrument. Alternatively, a Fund could write a call option at one strike price and buy a call option at a lower price to reduce the risk of the written call option in the event of a substantial price increase. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts. A forward foreign currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific amount of currency at a future date or date range at a specific price. In the case of a cancelable forward contract, the holder has the unilateral right to cancel the contract at maturity by paying a specified fee. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts differ from foreign currency futures contracts in certain respects. Unlike futures contracts, forward contracts:
▪ | Do not have standard maturity dates or amounts (i.e., the parties to the contract may fix the maturity date and the amount); |
▪ | Are typically traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers in the inter-bank markets, as opposed to on exchanges regulated by the CFTC (note, however, that under new definitions adopted by the CFTC and SEC, many non-deliverable foreign currency forwards will be considered swaps for certain purposes, including determination of whether such instruments must be traded on exchanges and centrally cleared); |
▪ | Do not require an initial margin deposit; and |
▪ | May be closed by entering into a closing transaction with the currency trader who is a party to the original forward contract, as opposed to with a commodities exchange. |
▪ | Foreign Currency Hedging Strategies |
A “settlement hedge” or “transaction hedge” is designed to protect a Fund against an adverse change in foreign currency values between the date a security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received. Entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale of the amount of foreign currency involved in an underlying security transaction for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars “locks in” the U.S. dollar price of the security. A Fund may also use forward contracts to purchase or sell a foreign currency when it anticipates purchasing or selling securities denominated in foreign currency, even if it has not yet selected the specific investments.
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A Fund may use forward contracts to hedge against a decline in the value of existing investments denominated in foreign currency. Such a hedge, sometimes referred to as a “position hedge,” would tend to offset both positive and negative currency fluctuations, but would not offset changes in security values caused by other factors. The Fund could also hedge the position by selling another currency expected to perform similarly to the currency in which the Fund’s investment is denominated. This type of hedge, sometimes referred to as a “proxy hedge,” could offer advantages in terms of cost, yield, or efficiency, but generally would not hedge currency exposure as effectively as a direct hedge into U.S. dollars. Proxy hedges may result in losses if the currency used to hedge does not perform similarly to the currency in which the hedged securities are denominated.
Transaction and position hedging do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities that a Fund owns or intends to purchase or sell. They simply establish a rate of exchange that one can achieve at some future point in time. Additionally, these techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency and to limit any potential gain that might result from the increase in value of such currency.
A Fund may enter into forward contracts to shift its investment exposure from one currency into another. Such transactions may call for the delivery of one foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency, including currencies in which its securities are not then denominated. This may include shifting exposure from U.S. dollars to a foreign currency, or from one foreign currency to another foreign currency. This type of strategy, sometimes known as a “cross-hedge,” will tend to reduce or eliminate exposure to the currency that is sold, and increase exposure to the currency that is purchased. Cross-hedges may protect against losses resulting from a decline in the hedged currency but will cause the Fund to assume the risk of fluctuations in the value of the currency it purchases. Cross-hedging transactions also involve the risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of the currencies involved.
It is difficult to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract. Accordingly, a Fund may have to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot (cash) market if the market value of a security it is hedging is less than the amount of foreign currency it is obligated to deliver. Conversely, the Fund may have to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency it received upon the sale of a security if the market value of such security exceeds the amount of foreign currency it is obligated to deliver.
Equity-Linked Securities. The Funds may invest in privately issued securities whose investment results are designed to correspond generally to the performance of a specified stock index or “basket” of securities, or sometimes a single stock (referred to as “equity-linked securities”). These securities are used for many of the same purposes as derivative instruments and share many of the same risks. Equity-linked securities may be considered illiquid and thus subject to the Funds’ restrictions on investments in illiquid investments.
Swap Agreements. A swap agreement is a financial instrument that typically involves the exchange of cash flows between two parties on specified dates (settlement dates), where the cash flows are based on agreed-upon prices, rates, indices, etc. The nominal amount on which the cash flows are calculated is called the notional amount. Swap agreements are individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors, such as interest rates, foreign currency rates, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, security prices or inflation rates.
Swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the investments of a Fund and its share price. The performance of swap agreements may be affected by a change in the specific interest rate, currency, or other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declined, the value of a swap agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses.
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Generally, swap agreements have a fixed maturity date that will be agreed upon by the parties. The agreement can be terminated before the maturity date under certain circumstances, such as default by one of the parties or insolvency, among others, and can be transferred by a party only with the prior written consent of the other party. A Fund may be able to eliminate its exposure under a swap agreement either by assignment or by other disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party. If the counterparty is unable to meet its obligations under the contract, declares bankruptcy, defaults or becomes insolvent, a Fund may not be able to recover the money it expected to receive under the swap agreement. The Funds will not enter into any swap agreement unless the Adviser believes that the counterparty to the transaction is creditworthy.
A swap agreement can be a form of leverage, which can magnify the Funds’ gains or losses. In order to reduce the risk associated with leveraging, the Funds may cover their current obligations under swap agreements according to guidelines established by the SEC. If a Fund enters into a swap agreement on a net basis, it will segregate assets with a daily value at least equal to the excess, if any, of the Fund’s accrued obligations under the swap agreement over the accrued amount the Fund is entitled to receive under the agreement. If a Fund enters into a swap agreement on other than a net basis, it will segregate assets with a value equal to the full amount of the Fund’s accrued obligations under the swap agreement.
▪ | Equity Swaps |
In a typical equity swap, one party agrees to pay another party the return on a stock, stock index or basket of stocks in return for a specified interest rate. By entering into an equity index swap, for example, the index receiver can gain exposure to stocks making up the index of securities without actually purchasing those stocks. Equity index swaps involve not only the risk associated with investment in the securities represented in the index, but also the risk that the performance of such securities, including dividends, will not exceed the return on the interest rate that a Fund will be committed to pay.
▪ | Total Return Swaps |
Total return swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make payments of the total return from a reference instrument—which may be a single asset, a pool of assets or an index of assets—during a specified period, in return for payments equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest or the total return from another underlying reference instrument. The total return includes appreciation or depreciation on the underlying asset, plus any interest or dividend payments. Payments under the swap are based upon an agreed upon principal amount but, since the principal amount is not exchanged, it represents neither an asset nor a liability to either counterparty, and is referred to as notional. Total return swaps are marked to market daily using different sources, including quotations from counterparties, pricing services, brokers or market makers. The unrealized appreciation or depreciation related to the change in the valuation of the notional amount of the swap is combined with the amount due to a Fund at termination or settlement. The primary risks associated with total return swaps are credit risks (if the counterparty fails to meet its obligations) and market risk (if there is no liquid market for the swap or unfavorable changes occur to the underlying reference instrument).
▪ | Interest Rate Swaps |
Interest rate swaps are financial instruments that involve the exchange of one type of interest rate for another type of interest rate cash flow on specified dates in the future. Some of the different types of interest rate swaps are “fixed-for-floating rate swaps,” “termed basis swaps” and “index amortizing swaps.” Fixed-for-floating rate swaps involve the exchange of fixed interest rate cash flows for floating rate cash flows. Termed basis swaps entail cash flows to both parties based on floating interest rates, where the interest rate indices are different. Index amortizing swaps are typically fixed-for-floating rate swaps where the notional amount changes if certain conditions are met.
As with a traditional investment in a debt security, a Fund could lose money by investing in an interest rate swap if interest rates change adversely. For example, if a Fund enters into a swap where it agrees to exchange a floating rate of interest for a fixed rate of interest, the Fund may have to pay more money than it receives. Similarly, if a Fund enters into a swap where it agrees to exchange a fixed rate of interest for a floating rate of interest, the Fund may receive less money than it has agreed to pay.
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▪ | Currency Swaps |
A currency swap is an agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to make interest rate payments in one currency and the other promises to make interest rate payments in another currency. A Fund may enter into a currency swap when it has one currency and desires a different currency. Typically, the interest rates that determine the currency swap payments are fixed, although occasionally one or both parties may pay a floating rate of interest. Unlike an interest rate swap, however, the principal amounts are exchanged at the beginning of the agreement and returned at the end of the agreement. Changes in foreign exchange rates and changes in interest rates, as described above, may negatively affect currency swaps.
▪ | Inflation Swaps |
Inflation swaps are fixed-maturity, over-the-counter derivatives where one party pays a fixed rate in exchange for payments tied to an inflation index, such as the Consumer Price Index. The fixed rate, which is set by the parties at the initiation of the swap, is often referred to as the “breakeven inflation” rate and generally represents the current difference between treasury yields and Treasury Inflation Protected Securities yields of similar maturities at the initiation of the swap agreement. Inflation swaps are typically designated as “zero coupon,” where all cash flows are exchanged at maturity. The value of an inflation swap is expected to fluctuate in response to changes in the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. An inflation swap can lose value if the realized rate of inflation over the life of the swap is less than the fixed market implied inflation rate (the breakeven inflation rate) the investor agreed to pay at the initiation of the swap.
▪ | Credit Default Swaps |
A credit default swap is an agreement between a “buyer” and a “seller” for credit protection. The credit default swap agreement may have as reference obligations one or more securities that are not then held by a Fund. The protection buyer is generally obligated to pay the protection seller an upfront payment and/or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement until a credit event on a reference obligation has occurred. If no default occurs, the seller would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the full notional amount (the “par value”) of the swap. Investing in credit default swap indexes allows a Fund to manage credit risk or take a position on a basket of debt obligations more efficiently than transacting in single name credit default swaps.
A credit default swap index product (sometimes referred to as a “CDX index”) is an equally-weighted credit default swap index. The individual credits underlying these credit default swap indices may be rated investment grade or non-investment grade. These instruments are designed to track representative segments of the credit default swap market such as North American investment grade, high volatility investment grade, below investment grade, as well as emerging markets, and provide investors with exposure to specific “baskets” of issuers of bonds or loans. A CDX index tranche provides access to customized risk, exposing each investor to losses at different levels of subordination. The lowest part of the capital structure is called the “equity tranche” as it has exposure to the first losses experienced in the basket. The mezzanine and senior tranches are higher in the capital structure but can also be exposed to loss in value. Investments are subject to liquidity risks as well as other risks associated with investments in credit default swaps.
▪ | Caps, Collars and Floors |
Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options. In a typical cap or floor agreement, one party agrees to make payments only under specified circumstances, usually in return for payment of a fee by the other party. For example, the buyer of an interest rate cap obtains the right to receive payments to the extent that a specified interest rate exceeds an agreed-upon level. The seller of an interest rate floor is obligated to make payments to the extent that a specified interest rate falls below an agreed-upon level. An interest rate collar combines elements of buying a cap and selling a floor.
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Risks of Derivatives:
While transactions in derivatives may reduce certain risks, these transactions themselves entail certain other risks. For example, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices or currency exchange rates may result in a poorer overall performance of the Funds than if they had not entered into any derivatives transactions. Derivatives may magnify the Funds’ gains or losses, causing them to make or lose substantially more than they invested.
When used for hedging purposes, increases in the value of the securities a Fund holds or intends to acquire should offset any losses incurred with a derivative. Purchasing derivatives for purposes other than hedging could expose the Fund to greater risks.
Use of derivatives involves transaction costs, which may be significant, and may also increase the amount of taxable income to shareholders.
Correlation of Prices. The Funds’ ability to hedge their securities through derivatives depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index or instrument correlate with price movements in the relevant securities. In the case of poor correlation, the price of the securities a Fund is hedging may not move in the same amount, or even in the same direction as the hedging instrument. The Adviser will try to minimize this risk by investing in only those contracts whose behavior it expects to correlate with the behavior of the portfolio securities it is trying to hedge. However, if the Adviser's prediction of interest and currency rates, market value, volatility or other economic factors is incorrect, a Fund may lose money, or may not make as much money as it expected.
Derivative prices can diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the characteristics of the underlying instruments are very similar to the derivative. Listed below are some of the factors that may cause such a divergence:
▪ | Current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract; |
▪ | A difference between the derivatives and securities markets, including different levels of demand, how the instruments are traded, the imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or discontinued trading of an instrument; and |
▪ | Differences between the derivatives, such as different margin requirements, different liquidity of such markets and the participation of speculators in such markets. |
Derivatives based upon a narrower index of securities, such as those of a particular industry group, may present greater risk than derivatives based on a broad market index. Since narrower indices are made up of a smaller number of securities, they are more susceptible to rapid and extreme price fluctuations because of changes in the value of those securities.
While currency futures and options values are expected to correlate with exchange rates, they may not reflect other factors that affect the value of the investments of the Funds. A currency hedge, for example, should protect a yen-denominated security from a decline in the yen, but will not protect the Funds against a price decline resulting from deterioration in the issuer’s creditworthiness. Because the value of the Funds’ foreign-denominated investments changes in response to many factors other than exchange rates, it may not be possible to match the amount of currency options and futures to the value of the Funds’ investments precisely over time.
Lack of Liquidity. Before a futures contract or option is exercised or expires, a Fund can terminate it only by entering into a closing purchase or sale transaction. Moreover, a Fund may close out a futures contract only on the exchange the contract was initially traded. Although the Funds intend to purchase options and futures only where there appears to be an active market, there is no guarantee that such a liquid market will exist. If there is no secondary market for the contract, or the market is illiquid, a Fund may not be able to close out its position. In an illiquid market, a Fund may:
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▪ | Have to sell securities to meet its daily margin requirements at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so; |
▪ | Have to purchase or sell the instrument underlying the contract; |
▪ | Not be able to hedge its investments; and/or |
▪ | Not be able to realize profits or limit its losses. |
Derivatives may become illiquid (i.e., difficult to sell at a desired time and price) under a variety of market conditions. For example:
▪ | An exchange may suspend or limit trading in a particular derivative instrument, an entire category of derivatives or all derivatives, which sometimes occurs because of increased market volatility; |
▪ | Unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations of an exchange; |
▪ | The facilities of the exchange may not be adequate to handle current trading volume; |
▪ | Equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm or clearing house or other occurrences may disrupt normal trading activity; or |
▪ | Investors may lose interest in a particular derivative or category of derivatives. |
Management Risk. Successful use of derivatives by the Funds is subject to the ability of the Adviser to forecast stock market and interest rate trends. If the Adviser incorrectly predicts stock market and interest rate trends, the Funds may lose money by investing in derivatives. For example, if a Fund were to write a call option based on the Adviser's expectation that the price of the underlying security would fall, but the price were to rise instead, the Fund could be required to sell the security upon exercise at a price below the current market price. Similarly, if a Fund were to write a put option based on the Adviser's expectation that the price of the underlying security would rise, but the price were to fall instead, the Fund could be required to purchase the security upon exercise at a price higher than the current market price.
Counterparty Risk. The risk exists that a derivatives transaction counterparty will be unable or unwilling to make payments or otherwise honor its obligations to a Fund.
Pricing Risk. At times, market conditions might make it hard to value some investments. For example, if a Fund has valued its securities too high, shareholders may end up paying too much for Fund shares when they buy into the Fund. If the Fund underestimates its price, shareholders may not receive the full market value for their Fund shares when they sell.
Margin. Because of the low margin deposits required upon the opening of a derivative position, such transactions involve an extremely high degree of leverage. Consequently, a relatively small price movement in a derivative may result in an immediate and substantial loss (as well as gain) to a Fund and it may lose more than it originally invested in the derivative.
If the price of a futures contract changes adversely, a Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so to meet its minimum daily margin requirement. A Fund may lose its margin deposits if a broker-dealer with whom it has an open futures contract or related option becomes insolvent or declares bankruptcy.
Volatility and Leverage. The Funds’ use of derivatives may have a leveraging effect. Leverage generally magnifies the effect of any increase or decrease in value of an underlying asset and results in increased volatility, which means the Funds will have the potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Funds do not use derivative instruments that have a leveraging effect. The prices of derivatives are volatile (i.e., they may change rapidly, substantially and unpredictably) and are influenced by a variety of factors, including:
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▪ | Actual and anticipated changes in interest rates; |
▪ | Fiscal and monetary policies; and |
▪ | National and international political events. |
Most exchanges limit the amount by which the price of a derivative can change during a single trading day. Daily trading limits establish the maximum amount that the price of a derivative may vary from the settlement price of that derivative at the end of trading on the previous day. Once the price of a derivative reaches this value, the Funds may not trade that derivative at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a given day and does not limit potential gains or losses. Derivative prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days, preventing prompt liquidation of the derivative.
Government Regulation. The regulation of derivatives markets in the U.S. is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, signed into law in 2010, grants significant new authority to the SEC and the CFTC to impose comprehensive regulations on the over-the-counter and cleared derivatives markets. These regulations include, but are not limited to, mandatory clearing of certain derivatives and requirements relating to disclosure, margin and trade reporting. The new law and regulations may negatively impact the Funds by increasing transaction and/or regulatory compliance costs, limiting the availability of certain derivatives or otherwise adversely affecting the value or performance of the derivatives the Funds trade. In addition, the SEC proposed new derivatives rules in December 2015 that could limit the Funds’ use of derivatives, and adversely impact the Funds’ ability to achieve their investment objectives. Other potentially adverse regulatory obligations can develop suddenly and without notice.
Participation Notes and Participatory Notes (“P-Notes”). P-Notes are participation interest notes that are issued by banks or broker-dealers and are designed to offer a return linked to a particular underlying equity, debt, currency or market. When purchasing a P-Note, the posting of margin is not required because the full cost of the P-Note (plus commission) is paid at the time of purchase. When the P-Note matures, the issuer will pay to, or receive from, the purchaser the difference between the nominal value of the underlying instrument at the time of purchase and that instrument’s value at maturity. Investments in P-Notes involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the underlying foreign companies of foreign securities markets that they seek to replicate.
In addition, there can be no assurance that the trading price of P-Notes will equal the underlying value of the foreign companies or foreign securities markets that they seek to replicate. The holder of a P-Note that is linked to a particular underlying security is entitled to receive any dividends paid in connection with an underlying security or instrument. However, the holder of a P-Note does not receive voting rights as it would if it directly owned the underlying security or instrument. P-Notes are generally traded over-the-counter. P-Notes constitute general unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them and the counterparty. There is also counterparty risk associated with these investments because the Funds are relying on the creditworthiness of such counterparty and have no rights under a P-Note against the issuer of the underlying security. In addition, a Fund will incur transaction costs as a result of investment in P-Notes.
Restricted and Illiquid Investments. Each Fund may purchase illiquid investments, including investments that are not readily marketable and securities that are not registered (“restricted securities”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), but which can be offered and sold to “qualified institutional buyers” under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Illiquid investments are investments that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Because of their illiquid nature, illiquid investments must be priced at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures approved by the Board. Despite such good faith efforts to determine fair value prices, a Fund’s illiquid investments are subject to the risk that the security’s fair value price may differ from the actual price which the Fund may ultimately realize upon its sale or disposition. Difficulty in selling illiquid investments may result in a loss or may be costly to the Fund. A Fund may not acquire an illiquid investment if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets.
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Illiquid investments may include a wide variety of investments, such as repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days, OTC options contracts and certain other derivatives (including certain swap agreements), fixed time deposits that are not subject to prepayment or do not provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), participation interests in loans, commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act, and restricted, privately placed securities that, under the federal securities laws, generally may be resold only to qualified institutional buyers. If a substantial market develops for a restricted security (or other illiquid investment) held by a Fund, it may be treated as a liquid security in accordance with procedures and guidelines approved by the Board. Under the supervision of the Board, the Adviser determines the liquidity of the Funds’ investments.
Short Sales. As consistent with a Fund’s investment objective, the Fund may engage in short sales that are either “uncovered” or “against the box.” A short sale is “against the box” if at all times during which the short position is open, a Fund owns at least an equal amount of the securities or securities convertible into, or exchangeable without further consideration for, securities of the same issue as the securities that are sold short. A short sale against the box is a taxable transaction to the Fund with respect to the securities that are sold short.
Uncovered short sales are transactions under which a Fund sells a security it does not own. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of the replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest that accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.
Until a Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed security, the Fund may: (a) segregate cash or liquid securities at such a level that the amount segregated plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short or (b) otherwise cover the Fund’s short position.
Special Risks of Cyber Attacks. As with any entity that conducts business through electronic means in the modern marketplace, the Funds, and their service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber attacks. Cyber attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential information, unauthorized access to relevant systems, compromises to networks or devices that the Funds and their service providers use to service the Funds’ operations, ransomware, operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Funds and their service providers, or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber attacks affecting the Funds or the Adviser, the Funds’ distributor, custodian, or any other of the Funds’ intermediaries or service providers may adversely impact the Funds and their shareholders, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses or the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Funds’ ability to calculate their NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject the Funds to regulatory fines or financial losses and/or cause reputational damage. The Funds may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes designed to mitigate or prevent the risk of cyber attacks. Such costs may be ongoing because threats of cyber attacks are constantly evolving as cyber attackers become more sophisticated and their techniques become more complex. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Funds may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Funds’ investments in such companies to lose value. There can be no assurance that the Funds, the Funds’ service providers, or the issuers of the securities in which the Funds invest will not suffer losses relating to cyber attacks or other information security breaches in the future.
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Fundamental Policies
The following investment limitations are fundamental, which means that a Fund cannot change them without approval by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. In addition, the investment objective of the Westwood SmallCap Fund is a fundamental policy that cannot be changed by the Fund without approval by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The phrase “majority of the outstanding shares” means the vote of (i) 67% or more of a Fund’s shares present at a meeting, if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of a Fund’s outstanding shares, whichever is less.
Each Fund:
1. | May not purchase securities of an issuer that would cause the Fund to fail to satisfy the diversification requirement for a diversified management company under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time. |
2. | May not concentrate investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as concentration is defined under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time. |
3. | May not borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined under the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time. |
4. | May not make loans, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time. |
5. | May not purchase or sell commodities or real estate, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time. |
6. | May not underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time. |
Non-Fundamental Policies
The following investment limitations are non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. In addition, the investment objectives of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund are non-fundamental policies that may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.
The Funds:
1. | May not purchase securities of any issuer (except securities of other investment companies, securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities and repurchase agreements involving such securities) if, as a result, more than 5% of the total assets of a Fund would be invested in the securities of such issuer; or acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer. This restriction applies to 75% of a Fund’s total assets. |
2. | May not purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the net assets of a Fund to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries, provided that this limitation does not apply to investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities and repurchase agreements involving such securities. For purposes of this limitation, (i) utility companies will be classified according to their services, for example, gas distribution, gas transmission, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry; and (ii) financial service companies will be classified according to the end users of their services, for example, automobile finance, bank finance and diversified finance will each be considered a separate industry. |
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3. | May not borrow money from a bank in an amount exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets, provided that investment strategies that either obligate a Fund to purchase securities or require a Fund to cover a position by segregating assets or entering into an offsetting position shall not be subject to this limitation. Asset coverage of at least 300% is required for all borrowing, except where a Fund has borrowed money, from any source, for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of its total assets. |
4. | May not make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties, except that a Fund may: (i) purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (ii) enter into repurchase agreements; and (iii) lend its securities. |
5. | May not purchase or sell real estate, real estate limited partnership interests, physical commodities or commodities contracts except that a Fund may purchase (i) marketable securities issued by companies which own or invest in real estate (including REITs), commodities or commodities contracts; and (ii) commodities contracts relating to financial instruments, such as financial futures contracts and options on such contracts. |
In addition,
6. | Under normal circumstances, the Westwood SmallCap Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in equity securities of small-cap companies. |
Except with respect to Fund policies concerning borrowing, if a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from changes in values or assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction. With respect to the limitation on borrowing, in the event that a subsequent change in net assets or other circumstances causes a Fund to exceed its limitation, the Fund will take steps to bring the aggregate amount of borrowing back within the limitation within three days thereafter (not including Sundays and holidays).
The following descriptions of certain provisions of the 1940 Act may assist investors in understanding the above policies and restrictions:
Diversification. Under the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and interpretations thereunder, a “diversified company,” as to 75% of its total assets, may not purchase securities of any issuer (other than obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. government or its agencies, or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies) if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets would be invested in the securities of such issuer, or more than 10% of the issuer’s voting securities would be held by the fund.
Concentration. The 1940 Act requires that every investment company have a fundamental investment policy regarding concentration. The SEC has defined concentration as investing 25% or more of an investment company’s total assets in any particular industry or group of industries, with certain exceptions. For purposes of a Fund’s concentration policy, the Fund may classify and re-classify companies in a particular industry and define and re-define industries in any reasonable manner, consistent with SEC and SEC staff guidance.
Borrowing. The 1940 Act presently allows an investment company to borrow from any bank in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) and to borrow for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of its total assets.
Lending. Under the 1940 Act, an investment company may only make loans if expressly permitted by its investment policies.
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Senior Securities. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although it does not treat certain transactions as senior securities, such as certain derivatives, short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements and standby commitments, with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligation.
Real Estate and Commodities. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict an investment company’s ability to invest in real estate or commodities, but does require that every investment company have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments.
Underwriting. Under the 1940 Act, underwriting securities involves an investment company purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly. Under the 1940 Act, a diversified fund may not make any commitment as underwriter, if immediately thereafter the amount of its outstanding underwriting commitments, plus the value of its investments in securities of issuers (other than investment companies) of which it owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities, exceeds 25% of the value of its total assets.
General. Westwood Management Corp. (the “Adviser”), a New York corporation formed in 1983, located at 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200, Dallas, Texas 75201, is a professional investment management firm registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc., an institutional asset management company. As of June 30, 2019, the Adviser had approximately $11.6 billion in assets under management.
The Board supervises the Adviser and establishes policies that the Adviser must follow in its management activities.
Advisory Agreement with the Trust. The Trust and the Adviser have entered into an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with respect to the Funds. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser serves as the investment adviser and makes investment decisions for the Funds and continuously reviews, supervises and administers the investment programs of the Funds, subject to the supervision of, and policies established by, the Trustees.
After the initial two-year term, the continuance of the Advisory Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually: (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Funds; and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or “interested persons” of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Board or, with respect to any Fund, by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or, by the Adviser, on not less than 30 days’ nor more than 60 days’ written notice to the Trust. As used in the Advisory Agreement, the terms “majority of the outstanding voting securities,” “interested persons” and “assignment” have the same meaning as such terms in the 1940 Act.
Advisory Fees Paid to the Adviser. For its services, the Adviser is entitled to a fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets of the Funds, as set forth in the table below.
Fund | Management Fee |
Westwood SmallCap Fund | 0.85% |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | 0.75% |
The Adviser has contractually agreed to reduce its fees and reimburse expenses of the Funds in order to keep net operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on securities sold short, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses (collectively, “excluded expenses”)) from exceeding the Funds’ average daily net assets as follows.
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Fund | Share Class | Expense Cap |
Westwood SmallCap Fund | A Class Shares | 1.04% |
C Class Shares | 1.79% | |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | A Class Shares | 1.15% |
C Class Shares | 1.90% |
The above contractual fee waivers will be honored by the Adviser through February 28, 2021 and the fee waivers may be renewed by the Adviser for subsequent periods thereafter.
In addition, the Adviser may receive from a Fund the difference between the Fund’s total annual Fund operating expenses (not including excluded expenses) and the Fund’s expense cap to recoup all or a portion of its prior fee reductions or expense reimbursements made during the three-year period preceding the recoupment if at any point total annual Fund operating expenses (not including excluded expenses) are below the expense cap (i) at the time of the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement and (ii) at the time of the recoupment.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Funds paid the following in management fees to the Adviser:
Contractual Advisory Fees | Fees Waived by the Adviser1 | Total Fees Paid (After Waivers) to Adviser 1 | |||||||
Fund | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
Westwood SmallCap Fund | $1,191,190 | $1,666,055 | $2,681,264 | $18,712 | $8,152 | $266,861 | $1,172,478 | $1,657,903 | $2,414,403 |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | $17,787,041 | $19,353,027 | $20,294,867 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $17,787,041 | $19,353,027 | $20,294,867 |
1 | As of October 31, 2018, the amount of previously waived and reimbursed fees for which the Adviser may seek reimbursement was $293,725 for the Westwood SmallCap Fund. |
This section includes information about the Funds’ portfolio managers, including information about other accounts they manage, the dollar range of Fund shares they own and how they are compensated.
Compensation. The Adviser compensates the Funds’ portfolio managers for their management of the Funds. Each of the Funds’ portfolio managers’ compensation consists of a base salary and a full benefits package. The Funds' portfolio managers also have the opportunity to receive a discretionary cash bonus, profit sharing and company stock incentive compensation. Percentages for each component of compensation are variable. Base salary levels are maintained at levels that the compensation committee deems to be commensurate with similar companies in the asset management industry. In determining incentive compensation and annual merit-based salary increases, employees on the investment team are evaluated according to a combination of quantitative and qualitative factors. The discretionary cash bonus and restricted stock award are determined at year-end and they vary with the firm’s success, which is directly linked to the performance of the products they manage, including the Funds and other accounts. Lastly, other benefits such as health insurance, life insurance and short and long-term disability insurance packages, as well as a 401(k) plan with employer matching, are provided.
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Fund Shares Owned by the Portfolio Managers. The following table shows the dollar amount range of each portfolio manager’s “beneficial ownership” of shares of the Funds. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”).
Name | Dollar Range of Fund Shares |
David Clott, CFA1 | None |
William E. Costello, CFA2 | $100,001 - $500,000 (Westwood SmallCap Fund, Institutional Shares) |
Adrian Helfert1 | None |
Matthew R. Lockridge2 | $10,001 - $50,000 (Westwood SmallCap Fund, Institutional Shares) |
Fred G. Rowsey, CFA2 | $10,001 - $50,000 (Westwood SmallCap Fund, Institutional Shares) |
1 | Valuation date is December 31, 2018. |
2 | Valuation date is October 31, 2018. |
Other Accounts. In addition to the Westwood LargeCap Value Fund, Westwood Low Volatility Equity Fund, Westwood SMidCap Plus Fund, Westwood SMidCap Fund, Westwood Emerging Markets Fund, Westwood Short Duration High Yield Fund, Westwood Market Neutral Income Fund, Westwood Strategic Convertibles Fund, Westwood Flexible Income Fund, Westwood Emerging Markets Plus Fund and the Funds, the portfolio managers may also be responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as indicated by the following table. Unless otherwise noted, the information below is provided as of October 31, 2018.
Name |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts | |||
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets1 (in Millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets1 (in Millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets1 (in Millions) |
|
David Clott, CFA* | 3 | $74.9 | 3 | $1,1392 | 8 | $0.85 |
William E. Costello, CFA | 2 | $394.87 | 7 | $190.06 | 44 | $1,587.75 |
Adrian Helfert* | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
Matthew R. Lockridge | 5 | $1,367.28 | 12 | $801.19 | 54 | $2,623.24 |
Fred G. Rowsey, CFA | 1 | $149.92 | 3 | $72.34 | 20 | $740.54 |
1 | Represents the portion of assets for which the portfolio manager has responsibility in the accounts indicated. The accounts indicated may contain additional assets under the responsibility of other portfolio managers and therefore may be duplicated. |
2 | Includes 1 account with assets under management of $591.88 million that is subject to performance-based advisory fees. |
* | Valuation date is December 31, 2018. |
The Adviser also manages institutional separate accounts and is the sub-adviser to other mutual funds. The investment process is the same for similar accounts, including the Funds, and is driven by proprietary team-oriented, in-depth, fundamental research. The investment research team is organized by industry coverage and supports all of the accounts managed in each of the Adviser’s investment strategies. Each of the Adviser’s investment strategies is managed by a portfolio team. Weekly research meetings provide a forum where the Adviser’s investment professionals discuss current investment ideas within their assigned industries. Generally, the entire portfolio team, or a sub-set of the team, then debates the merits of recommendations, taking into account the prevailing market environment, the portfolio’s current composition, and the relative value of alternative investments. Investment decisions are made by majority agreement of the portfolio team.
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Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers’ management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Funds’ investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have the same investment objective as the Funds. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby a portfolio manager could favor one account over another. Another potential conflict could include the portfolio managers’ knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of Fund trades, whereby a portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the Funds. However, the Adviser has established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts it manages are fairly and equitably allocated. The Adviser’s trade allocation policy is to aggregate client transactions, including the Funds’, where possible when it is believed that such aggregation may facilitate the Adviser’s duty of best execution. Client accounts for which orders are aggregated receive the average price of such transaction. Any transaction costs incurred in the transaction are shared pro rata based on each client’s participation in the transaction. The Adviser generally allocates securities among client accounts according to each account’s pre-determined participation in the transaction. The Adviser’s policy prohibits any allocation of trades that would favor any proprietary accounts, affiliated accounts, or any particular client(s) or group of clients more over any other account(s). The Adviser prohibits late trading, frequent trading and/or market timing in the Funds and monitors trades daily to ensure this policy is not violated.
General. SEI Investments Global Funds Services (the “Administrator”), a Delaware statutory trust, has its principal business offices at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456. SEI Investments Management Corporation (“SIMC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of SEI Investments Company (“SEI Investments”), is the owner of all beneficial interest in the Administrator. SEI Investments and its subsidiaries and affiliates, including the Administrator, are leading providers of fund valuation services, trust accounting systems, and brokerage and information services to financial institutions, institutional investors, and money managers. The Administrator and its affiliates also serve as administrator or sub-administrator to other mutual funds.
Administration Agreement with the Trust. The Trust and the Administrator have entered into an amended and restated administration agreement dated November 13, 2018 (the “Administration Agreement”). Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator provides the Trust with administrative services, including regulatory reporting and all necessary office space, equipment, personnel and facilities.
The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Administration Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Administrator in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its duties and obligations thereunder.
Administration Fees Paid to the Administrator. For its services under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator is paid a fee, which varies based on the average daily net assets of the Funds, subject to certain minimums. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Funds paid the following amounts for these services:
Fund | Administration Fees Paid | ||
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
Westwood SmallCap Fund | $66,245 | $91,021 | $133,447 |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | $1,121,183 | $1,198,815 | $1,149,995 |
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The Trust and SEI Investments Distribution Co. (the “Distributor”), a wholly owned subsidiary of SEI Investments and an affiliate of the Administrator, are parties to a distribution agreement dated November 14, 1991, as amended and restated November 14, 2005 and as amended August 30, 2010 and November 13, 2018 (the “Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts as principal underwriter for the Trust’s shares. The principal business address of the Distributor is One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456.
The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act), and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Board or by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, or by the Distributor, upon not less than 60 days’ written notice to the other party.
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
Distribution Plan. The Trust has adopted a Distribution Plan with respect to the A Class Shares and C Class Shares (the “Plan”) in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, which regulates circumstances under which an investment company may directly or indirectly bear expenses relating to the distribution of its shares. Continuance of the Plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees and by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (“Qualified Trustees”). The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount that may be spent thereunder without approval by a majority of the outstanding shares of the affected Fund(s). All material amendments of the Plan will require approval by a majority of the Trustees and of the Qualified Trustees.
The Plan provides a method of paying for distribution and shareholder services, which may help the Funds grow or maintain asset levels to provide operational efficiencies and economies of scale, provided by the Distributor or other financial intermediaries that enter into agreements with the Distributor. The Funds may make payments to financial intermediaries, such as banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies, investment counselors, broker-dealers, mutual fund “supermarkets” and the Distributor’s affiliates and subsidiaries, as compensation for services, reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance or provision of shareholder services. The Distributor may, at its discretion, retain a portion of such payments to compensate itself for distribution services and distribution related expenses such as the costs of preparation, printing, mailing or otherwise disseminating sales literature, advertising, and prospectuses (other than those furnished to current shareholders of a Fund), promotional and incentive programs, and such other marketing expenses that the Distributor may incur.
Under the Plan, the Distributor or financial intermediaries may receive up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the A Class Shares and up to 1.00% of the average daily net assets of the C Class Shares as compensation for distribution and shareholder services. The shareholder services component of the foregoing fee for C Class Shares is limited to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the class. The Plan is characterized as a compensation plan since the distribution fee will be paid to the Distributor without regard to the distribution or shareholder service expenses incurred by the Distributor or the amount of payments made to financial intermediaries. A financial intermediary that receives a 1.00% upfront commission on a purchase of A Class Shares of $250,000 or more or C Class Shares will generally become eligible to receive the 12b-1 fees with respect to such shares beginning in the 13th month following the date of the purchase. The Trust intends to operate the Plan in accordance with its terms and with Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) rules concerning sales charges.
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Payments under the Distribution Plan. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Funds paid the Distributor the following fees pursuant to the Plan.
Fund | Share Class | 12b-1 Fees Paid | 12b-1 Fees Retained by the Distributor | ||||
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | ||
Westwood SmallCap Fund | A Class Shares | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 |
C Class Shares | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 | |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | A Class Shares | $325,652 | $300,384 | $222,243 | $5,813 | $3,146 | $3,129 |
C Class Shares | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 | N/A1 |
1 | Share class not in operation during the period. |
Other Payments by the Funds. The Funds may enter into agreements with financial intermediaries pursuant to which the Funds may pay financial intermediaries for non-distribution-related sub-transfer agency, administrative, sub-accounting, and other shareholder services. Payments made pursuant to such agreements are generally based on either (1) a percentage of the average daily net assets of Fund shareholders serviced by a financial intermediary, or (2) the number of Fund shareholders serviced by a financial intermediary. Any payments made pursuant to such agreements may be in addition to, rather than in lieu of, distribution fees the Funds may pay to financial intermediaries pursuant to the Funds’ distribution plan.
Payments by the Adviser. The Adviser and/or its affiliates, in their discretion, may make payments from their own resources and not from Fund assets to affiliated or unaffiliated brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), trust companies, registered investment advisers, financial planners, retirement plan administrators, insurance companies, and any other institution having a service, administration, or any similar arrangement with the Funds, their service providers or their respective affiliates, as incentives to help market and promote the Funds and/or in recognition of their distribution, marketing, administrative services, and/or processing support.
These additional payments may be made to financial intermediaries that sell Fund shares or provide services to the Funds, the Distributor or shareholders of the Funds through the financial intermediary’s retail distribution channel and/or fund supermarkets. Payments may also be made through the financial intermediary’s retirement, qualified tuition, fee-based advisory, wrap fee bank trust, or insurance (e.g., individual or group annuity) programs. These payments may include, but are not limited to, placing the Funds in a financial intermediary’s retail distribution channel or on a preferred or recommended fund list; providing business or shareholder financial planning assistance; educating financial intermediary personnel about the Funds; providing access to sales and management representatives of the financial intermediary; promoting sales of Fund shares; providing marketing and educational support; maintaining share balances and/or for sub-accounting, administrative or shareholder transaction processing services. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services.
The Adviser and/or its affiliates may also make payments from their own resources to financial intermediaries for costs associated with the purchase of products or services used in connection with sales and marketing, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs, client and investor entertainment and other sponsored events. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, sponsorship at educational seminars and conferences, entertainment and meals to the extent permitted by law.
Revenue sharing payments may be negotiated based on a variety of factors, including the level of sales, the amount of Fund assets attributable to investments in the Funds by financial intermediaries’ customers, a flat fee or other measures as determined from time to time by the Adviser and/or its affiliates. A significant purpose of these payments is to increase the sales of Fund shares, which in turn may benefit the Adviser through increased fees as Fund assets grow.
Investors should understand that some financial intermediaries may also charge their clients fees in connection with purchases of shares or the provision of shareholder services.
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DST Systems, Inc., 333 W. 11th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64105 (the “Transfer Agent”), serves as the Funds’ transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent under a transfer agency agreement with the Trust.
U.S. Bank National Association, 800 Nicollett Mall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402-4302 (the “Custodian”), serves as the custodian of the Funds. The Custodian holds cash, securities and other assets of the Funds as required by the 1940 Act.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Ernst & Young LLP, One Commerce Square, 2005 Market Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, serves as independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds. The financial statements and notes thereto incorporated by reference for the Funds for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, as indicated in their report with respect thereto, and are incorporated by reference in reliance on the authority of their report as experts in accounting and auditing.
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, 1701 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-2921, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.
The Funds did not engage in securities lending activities during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018.
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
Board Responsibilities. The management and affairs of the Trust and its series, including the Funds described in this SAI, are overseen by the Trustees. The Board has approved contracts, as described above, under which certain companies provide essential management services to the Trust.
Like most mutual funds, the day-to-day business of the Trust, including the management of risk, is performed by third party service providers, such as the Adviser, the Distributor and the Administrator. The Trustees are responsible for overseeing the Trust’s service providers and, thus, have oversight responsibility with respect to risk management performed by those service providers. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the funds. The funds and their service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Each service provider is responsible for one or more discrete aspects of the Trust’s business (e.g., the Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio investments) and, consequently, for managing the risks associated with that business. The Board has emphasized to the funds’ service providers the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management.
The Trustees’ role in risk oversight begins before the inception of a fund, at which time certain of the fund’s service providers present the Board with information concerning the investment objective(s), strategies and risks of the fund as well as proposed investment limitations for the fund. Additionally, the fund’s adviser provides the Board with an overview of, among other things, its investment philosophy, brokerage practices and compliance infrastructure. Thereafter, the Board continues its oversight function as various personnel, including the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer, as well as personnel of the adviser and other service providers, such as the fund’s independent accountants, make periodic reports to the Audit Committee or to the Board with respect to various aspects of risk management. The Board and the Audit Committee oversee efforts by management and service providers to manage risks to which the funds may be exposed.
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The Board is responsible for overseeing the nature, extent and quality of the services provided to the funds by the adviser and receives information about those services at its regular meetings. In addition, on an annual basis, in connection with its consideration of whether to renew the advisory agreement with the adviser, the Board meets with the adviser to review such services. Among other things, the Board regularly considers the adviser’s adherence to the funds’ investment restrictions and compliance with various fund policies and procedures and with applicable securities regulations. The Board also reviews information about the funds’ investments, including, for example, reports on the adviser’s use of derivatives in managing the funds, if any, as well as reports on the funds’ investments in other investment companies, if any.
The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer reports regularly to the Board to review and discuss compliance issues and fund and adviser risk assessments. At least annually, the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer provides the Board with a report reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust’s policies and procedures and those of its service providers, including the adviser. The report addresses the operation of the policies and procedures of the Trust and each service provider since the date of the last report; any material changes to the policies and procedures since the date of the last report; any recommendations for material changes to the policies and procedures; and any material compliance matters since the date of the last report.
The Board receives reports from the funds’ service providers regarding operational risks and risks related to the valuation and liquidity of portfolio securities. The Trust’s Fair Value Pricing Committee makes regular reports to the Board concerning investments for which market quotations are not readily available. Annually, the independent registered public accounting firm reviews with the Audit Committee its audit of the funds’ financial statements, focusing on major areas of risk encountered by the funds and noting any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the funds’ internal controls. Additionally, in connection with its oversight function, the Board oversees fund management’s implementation of disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust in its periodic reports with the SEC are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the required time periods. The Board also oversees the Trust’s internal controls over financial reporting, which comprise policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Trust’s financial reporting and the preparation of the Trust’s financial statements.
From their review of these reports and discussions with the adviser, the Chief Compliance Officer, the independent registered public accounting firm and other service providers, the Board and the Audit Committee learn in detail about the material risks of the funds, thereby facilitating a dialogue about how management and service providers identify and mitigate those risks.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the funds can be identified and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the funds’ goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of the funds’ investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the funds’ adviser and other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the funds’ and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.
Members of the Board. There are eight members of the Board, six of whom are not interested persons of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (“independent Trustees”). Robert Nesher, an interested person of the Trust, serves as Chairman of the Board. Joseph T. Grause, Jr., an independent Trustee, serves as the lead independent Trustee. The Trust has determined its leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Trust made this determination in consideration of, among other things, the fact that the independent Trustees constitute a super majority (75%) of the Board, the fact that the chairperson of each Committee of the Board is an independent Trustee, the amount of assets under management in the Trust, and the number of funds (and classes of shares) overseen by the Board. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the independent Trustees from fund management.
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The Board has two standing committees: the Audit Committee and the Governance Committee. The Audit Committee and the Governance Committee are chaired by an independent Trustee and composed of all of the independent Trustees. In addition, the Board has a lead independent Trustee.
In his role as lead independent Trustee, Mr. Grause, among other things: (i) presides over Board meetings in the absence of the Chairman of the Board; (ii) presides over executive sessions of the independent Trustees; (iii) along with the Chairman of the Board, oversees the development of agendas for Board meetings; (iv) facilitates communication between the independent Trustees and management, and among the independent Trustees; (v) serves as a key point person for dealings between the independent Trustees and management; and (vi) has such other responsibilities as the Board or independent Trustees determine from time to time.
Set forth below are the names, years of birth, position with the Trust and length of time served, and the principal occupations and other directorships held during at least the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as a Trustee. There is no stated term of office for the Trustees. Nevertheless, an independent Trustee must retire from the Board as of the end of the calendar year in which such independent Trustee first attains the age of seventy-five years; provided, however, that, an independent Trustee may continue to serve for one or more additional one calendar year terms after attaining the age of seventy-five years (each calendar year a “Waiver Term”) if, and only if, prior to the beginning of such Waiver Term: (1) the Governance Committee (a) meets to review the performance of the independent Trustee; (b) finds that the continued service of such independent Trustee is in the best interests of the Trust; and (c) unanimously approves excepting the independent Trustee from the general retirement policy set out above; and (2) a majority of the Trustees approves excepting the independent Trustee from the general retirement policy set out above. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each Trustee is SEI Investments, One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456.
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Name and Year of Birth |
Position with Trust and
Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupations in the Past 5 Years |
Other Directorships Held in the Past 5 Years |
Interested Trustees | |||
Robert Nesher (Born: 1946) |
Chairman of the Board of Trustees1 (since 1991) |
SEI employee 1974 to present; currently performs various services on behalf of SEI Investments for which Mr. Nesher is compensated. President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee of SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Investments Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Insurance Products Trust and SEI Catholic Values Trust. President and Director of SEI Structured Credit Fund, LP. Vice Chairman of O’Connor EQUUS (closed-end investment company) to 2016. President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee of SEI Liquid Asset Trust to 2016. Vice Chairman of Winton Series Trust to 2017. Vice Chairman of Winton Diversified Opportunities Fund (closed-end investment company), The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund III, Gallery Trust, Schroder Series Trust and Schroder Global Series Trust to 2018. |
Current Directorships: Trustee of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds, The KP Funds, Frost Family of Funds, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Investments Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Insurance Products Trust and SEI Catholic Values Trust. Director of SEI Structured Credit Fund, LP, SEI Global Master Fund plc, SEI Global Assets Fund plc, SEI Global Investments Fund plc, SEI Investments-Global Funds Services, Limited, SEI Investments Global, Limited, SEI Investments (Europe) Ltd., SEI Investments-Unit Trust Management (UK) Limited, SEI Multi-Strategy Funds PLC and SEI Global Nominee Ltd.
Former Directorships: Trustee of SEI Liquid Asset Trust to 2016. |
N. Jeffrey Klauder (Born: 1952) |
Trustee1 (since 2018) |
Senior Advisor of SEI Investments since 2018. Executive Vice President and General Counsel of SEI Investments, 2004 to 2018. | Current Directorships: Trustee of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds and The KP Funds. Director of SEI Private Trust Company; SEI Investments Management Corporation; SEI Trust Company; SEI Investments (South Africa), Limited; SEI Investments (Canada) Company; SEI Global Fund Services Ltd.; SEI Investments Global Limited; SEI Global Master Fund; SEI Global Investments Fund; and SEI Global Assets Fund. |
Independent Trustees | |||
Joseph T. Grause, Jr. (Born: 1952) |
Trustee (since 2011) Lead Independent Trustee (since 2018) |
Self-Employed Consultant since 2012. Director of Endowments and Foundations, Morningstar Investment Management, Morningstar, Inc., 2010 to 2011. Director of International Consulting and Chief Executive Officer of Morningstar Associates Europe Limited, Morningstar, Inc., 2007 to 2010. Country Manager - Morningstar UK Limited, Morningstar, Inc., 2005 to 2007. | Current Directorships: Trustee of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds, The KP Funds and Frost Family of Funds. Director of The Korea Fund, Inc. |
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Name and Year of Birth |
Position with Trust and
Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupations in the Past 5 Years |
Other Directorships Held in the Past 5 Years |
Mitchell A. Johnson (Born: 1942) |
Trustee (since 2005) |
Retired. Private Investor since 1994. |
Current Directorships: Trustee of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds, The KP Funds, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Institutional Investments Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Insurance Products Trust and SEI Catholic Values Trust. Director of Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac) since 1997.
Former Directorships: Trustee of SEI Liquid Asset Trust to 2016. |
Betty L. Krikorian (Born: 1943) |
Trustee (since 2005) |
Vice President, Compliance, AARP Financial Inc., from 2008 to 2010. Self-Employed Legal and Financial Services Consultant since 2003. Counsel (in-house) for State Street Bank from 1995 to 2003. | Current Directorships: Trustee of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds and The KP Funds. |
Robert Mulhall (Born: 1958) |
Trustee (since 2019) |
Partner, Ernst & Young LLP, from 1998 to 2018. |
Current Directorships: Trustee of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds, The KP Funds and Frost Family of Funds.
Former Directorships: Trustee of Villanova University Alumni Board of Directors to 2018. |
Bruce Speca (Born: 1956) |
Trustee (since 2011) |
Global Head of Asset Allocation, Manulife Asset Management (subsidiary of Manulife Financial), 2010 to 2011. Executive Vice President - Investment Management Services, John Hancock Financial Services (subsidiary of Manulife Financial), 2003 to 2010. | Current Directorships: Trustee of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds, The KP Funds and Frost Family of Funds. Director of Stone Harbor Investments Funds, Stone Harbor Emerging Markets Income Fund (closed-end fund) and Stone Harbor Emerging Markets Total Income Fund (closed-end fund). |
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Name and Year of Birth |
Position with Trust and
Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupations in the Past 5 Years |
Other Directorships Held in the Past 5 Years |
George J. Sullivan, Jr. (Born: 1942) |
Trustee (since 1999) |
Retired since 2012. Self-Employed Consultant, Newfound Consultants Inc., 1997 to 2011. |
Current Directorships: Trustee/Director of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds, The KP Funds, SEI Structured Credit Fund, LP, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Investments Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Insurance Products Trust and SEI Catholic Values Trust.
Former Directorships: Trustee of SEI Liquid Asset Trust to 2016. Trustee/ Director of State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust to 2017. Member of the independent review committee for SEI’s Canadian-registered mutual funds to 2017. |
1 | Denotes Trustees who may be deemed to be “interested” persons of the Funds as that term is defined in the 1940 Act by virtue of their affiliation with the Distributor and/or its affiliates. |
Individual Trustee Qualifications
The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve on the Board because of their ability to review and understand information about the funds provided to them by management, to identify and request other information they may deem relevant to the performance of their duties, to question management and other service providers regarding material factors bearing on the management and administration of the funds, and to exercise their business judgment in a manner that serves the best interests of the funds’ shareholders. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve as a Trustee based on their own experience, qualifications, attributes and skills as described below.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Nesher should serve as Trustee because of the experience he has gained in his various roles with SEI Investments, which he joined in 1974, his knowledge of and experience in the financial services industry, and the experience he has gained serving as a trustee of the Trust since 1991.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Klauder should serve as Trustee because of the experience he has gained in his various roles with SEI Investments, which he joined in 2004, his knowledge of and experience in the financial services industry, and the experience he gained serving as a partner of a large law firm.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Grause should serve as Trustee because of the knowledge and experience he gained in a variety of leadership roles with different financial institutions, his knowledge of the mutual fund and investment management industries, his past experience as an interested trustee and chair of the investment committee for a multi-managed investment company, and the experience he has gained serving as a trustee of the Trust since 2011.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Johnson should serve as Trustee because of the experience he gained as a senior vice president, corporate finance, of a Fortune 500 company, his experience in and knowledge of the financial services and banking industries, the experience he gained serving as a director of other mutual funds, and the experience he has gained serving as a trustee of the Trust since 2005.
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The Trust has concluded that Ms. Krikorian should serve as Trustee because of the experience she gained serving as a legal and financial services consultant, in-house counsel to a large custodian bank and Vice President of Compliance of an investment adviser, her background in fiduciary and banking law, her experience in and knowledge of the financial services industry, and the experience she has gained serving as a trustee of the Trust since 2005.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Mulhall should serve as Trustee because of the knowledge and experience he gained in a variety of leadership roles with an audit firm and various financial services firms, his experience in and knowledge of the financial services industry, and his experience serving in a variety of leadership capacities for non-profit organizations.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Speca should serve as Trustee because of the knowledge and experience he gained serving as president of a mutual fund company and portfolio manager for a $95 billion complex of asset allocation funds, his over 25 years of experience working in a management capacity with mutual fund boards, and the experience he has gained serving as a trustee of the Trust since 2011.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Sullivan should serve as Trustee because of the experience he gained as a certified public accountant and financial consultant, his experience in and knowledge of public company accounting and auditing and the financial services industry, the experience he gained as an officer of a large financial services firm in its operations department, and his experience from serving as a trustee of the Trust since 1999.
In its periodic assessment of the effectiveness of the Board, the Board considers the complementary individual skills and experience of the individual Trustees primarily in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition so that the Board, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the funds.
Board Committees. The Board has established the following standing committees:
• | Audit Committee. The Board has a standing Audit Committee that is composed of each of the independent Trustees. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee include: (i) recommending which firm to engage as each fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and whether to terminate this relationship; (ii) reviewing the independent registered public accounting firm’s compensation, the proposed scope and terms of its engagement, and the firm’s independence; (iii) pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided by each fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to the Trust and certain other affiliated entities; (iv) serving as a channel of communication between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Trustees; (v) reviewing the results of each external audit, including any qualifications in the independent registered public accounting firm’s opinion, any related management letter, management’s responses to recommendations made by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with the audit, reports submitted to the Committee by the internal auditing department of the Administrator that are material to the Trust as a whole, if any, and management’s responses to any such reports; (vi) reviewing each fund’s audited financial statements and considering any significant disputes between the Trust’s management and the independent registered public accounting firm that arose in connection with the preparation of those financial statements; (vii) considering, in consultation with the independent registered public accounting firm and the Trust’s senior internal accounting executive, if any, the independent registered public accounting firms’ reports on the adequacy of the Trust’s internal financial controls; (viii) reviewing, in consultation with each fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, major changes regarding auditing and accounting principles and practices to be followed when preparing each fund’s financial statements; and (ix) other audit related matters. Messrs. Grause, Johnson, Mulhall, Speca and Sullivan and Ms. Krikorian currently serve as members of the Audit Committee. Mr. Mulhall serves as the Chairman of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee meets periodically, as necessary, and met four (4) times during the most recently completed fiscal year. |
• | Governance Committee. The Board has a standing Governance Committee (formerly the Nominating Committee) that is composed of each of the independent Trustees. The Governance Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibilities of the Governance Committee include: (i) considering and reviewing Board governance and compensation issues; (ii) conducting a self-assessment of the Board’s operations; (iii) selecting and nominating all persons to serve as independent Trustees; and (iv) reviewing shareholder recommendations for nominations to fill vacancies on the Board if such recommendations are submitted in writing and addressed to the Committee at the Trust’s office. Ms. Krikorian and Messrs. Grause, Johnson, Mulhall, Speca and Sullivan currently serve as members of the Governance Committee. Mr. Speca serves as the Chairman of the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee meets periodically, as necessary, and met four (4) times during the most recently completed fiscal year. |
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Fair Value Pricing Committee. The Board has also established a standing Fair Value Pricing Committee that is composed of various representatives of the Trust’s service providers, as appointed by the Board. The Fair Value Pricing Committee operates under procedures approved by the Board. The principal responsibility of the Fair Value Pricing Committee is to determine the fair value of securities for which current market quotations are not readily available. The Fair Value Pricing Committee’s determinations are reviewed by the Board.
Fund Shares Owned by Board Members. The following table shows the dollar amount range of each Trustee’s “beneficial ownership” of shares of each of the Funds as of the end of the most recently completed calendar year. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act. The Trustees and officers of the Trust own less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Trust.
Name |
Dollar Range of Fund Shares (Fund)1 |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares (All Funds in the Family of Investment Companies)1,2 |
Interested Trustees | ||
Nesher | None | None |
Klauder | None | None |
Independent Trustees | ||
Grause | None | Over $100,000 |
Johnson | None | None |
Krikorian | None | None |
Mulhall | None | None |
Speca | None | None |
Sullivan | None | None |
1 | Valuation date is December 31, 2018. |
2 | The Westwood LargeCap Value Fund, Westwood Low Volatility Equity Fund, Westwood SMidCap Plus Fund, Westwood SMidCap Fund, Westwood Emerging Markets Fund, Westwood Short Duration High Yield Fund, Westwood Market Neutral Income Fund, Westwood Strategic Convertibles Fund, Westwood Flexible Income Fund, Westwood Emerging Markets Plus Fund and the Funds are the only funds in the family of investment companies. |
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Board Compensation. The Trust paid the following fees to the Trustees during the Funds’ most recently completed fiscal year.
Name | Aggregate Compensation from the Trust | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses | Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | Total Compensation from the Trust and Fund Complex1 |
Interested Trustees | ||||
Nesher | $0 | N/A | N/A | $0 for service on one (1) board |
Klauder2 | $0 | N/A | N/A | $0 for service on one (1) board |
Independent Trustees | ||||
Grause | $126,043 | N/A | N/A | $126,043 for service on one (1) board |
Johnson | $116,450 | N/A | N/A | $116,450 for service on one (1) board |
Krikorian | $126,743 | N/A | N/A | $126,743 for service on one (1) board |
Mulhall3 | $0 | N/A | N/A | $0 for service on one (1) board |
Speca | $116,450 | N/A | N/A | $116,450 for service on one (1) board |
Sullivan | $131,038 | N/A | N/A | $131,038 for service on one (1) board |
1 | All funds in the Fund Complex are series of the Trust. |
2 | Joined the Board on March 26, 2018. |
3 | Joined the Board on August 20, 2019. |
Trust Officers. Set forth below are the names, years of birth, position with the Trust and length of time served, and the principal occupations for the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as executive officers of the Trust. There is no stated term of office for the officers of the Trust. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each officer is SEI Investments Company, One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456. The Chief Compliance Officer is the only officer who receives compensation from the Trust for his services.
Certain officers of the Trust also serve as officers of one or more mutual funds for which SEI Investments or its affiliates act as investment manager, administrator or distributor.
Name and Year of Birth | Position with Trust and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupations in Past 5 Years |
Michael Beattie (Born: 1965) |
President (since 2011) |
Director of Client Service, SEI Investments, since 2004. |
James Bernstein (Born: 1962) |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2017) |
Attorney, SEI Investments, since 2017.
Prior Positions: Self-employed consultant, 2017. Associate General Counsel & Vice President, Nationwide Funds Group and Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, from 2002 to 2016. Assistant General Counsel & Vice President, Market Street Funds and Provident Mutual Insurance Company, from 1999 to 2002. |
John Bourgeois (Born: 1973) |
Assistant Treasurer (since 2017) |
Fund Accounting Manager, SEI Investments, since 2000. |
Stephen Connors (Born: 1984) |
Treasurer, Controller and Chief Financial Officer (since 2015) |
Director, SEI Investments, Fund Accounting, since 2014. Audit Manager, Deloitte & Touche LLP, from 2011 to 2014. |
Dianne M. Descoteaux (Born: 1977) |
Vice President and Secretary (since 2011) |
Counsel at SEI Investments since 2010. Associate at Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, from 2006 to 2010. |
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Name and Year of Birth | Position with Trust and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupations in Past 5 Years |
Russell Emery (Born: 1962) |
Chief Compliance Officer (since 2006) |
Chief Compliance Officer of SEI Structured Credit Fund, LP since 2007. Chief Compliance Officer of The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund, The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds, The KP Funds, Frost Family of Funds, The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund III, Gallery Trust, Schroder Series Trust, Schroder Global Series Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Investments Trust, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Insurance Products Trust and SEI Catholic Values Trust. Chief Compliance Officer of O’Connor EQUUS (closed-end investment company) to 2016. Chief Compliance Officer of SEI Liquid Asset Trust to 2016. Chief Compliance Officer of Winton Series Trust to 2017. Chief Compliance Officer of Winton Diversified Opportunities Fund (closed-end investment company) to 2018. |
Matthew M. Maher (Born: 1975) |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2018) |
Counsel at SEI Investments since 2018. Attorney, Blank Rome LLP, from 2015 to 2018. Assistant Counsel & Vice President, Bank of New York Mellon, from 2013 to 2014. Attorney, Dilworth Paxson LLP, from 2006 to 2013. |
Robert Morrow (Born: 1968) |
Vice President (since 2017) |
Account Manager, SEI Investments, since 2007. |
Bridget E. Sudall (Born: 1980) |
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer and Privacy Officer (since 2015) | Senior Associate and AML Officer, Morgan Stanley Alternative Investment Partners, from 2011 to 2015. Investor Services Team Lead, Morgan Stanley Alternative Investment Partners, from 2007 to 2011. |
PURCHASING AND REDEEMING SHARES
Purchases and redemptions may be made through the Transfer Agent on any day the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open for business. Shares of the Funds are offered and redeemed on a continuous basis. Currently, the Trust is closed for business when the following holidays are observed: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas.
It is currently the Trust’s policy to pay all redemptions in cash. The Trust retains the right, however, to alter this policy to provide for redemptions in whole or in part by a distribution in-kind of securities held by a Fund in lieu of cash. Shareholders may incur brokerage charges on the sale of any such securities so received in payment of redemptions. A shareholder will at all times be entitled to aggregate cash redemptions from all funds of the Trust up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Trust’s net assets during any 90-day period.
The Trust reserves the right to suspend the right of redemption and/or to postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more than seven days during times when the NYSE is closed, other than during customary weekends or holidays, for any period on which trading on the NYSE is restricted (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation), or during the existence of an emergency (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) as a result of which the disposal or valuation of a Fund’s securities is not reasonably practicable, or for such other periods as the SEC has by order permitted. The Trust also reserves the right to suspend sales of shares of the Funds for any period during which the NYSE, the Adviser, the Administrator, the Transfer Agent and/or the Custodian are not open for business.
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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
General Policy. The Funds adhere to Section 2(a)(41), and Rule 2a-4 thereunder, of the 1940 Act with respect to the valuation of portfolio securities. In general, securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at current market value, and all other securities are valued at fair value in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. In complying with the 1940 Act, the Trust relies on guidance provided by the SEC and by the SEC staff in various interpretive letters and other guidance.
Equity Securities. Securities listed on a securities exchange, market or automated quotation system for which quotations are readily available (except for securities traded on NASDAQ), including securities traded over-the-counter, are valued at the last quoted sale price on an exchange or market (foreign or domestic) on which they are traded on the valuation date (or at approximately 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time if such exchange is normally open at that time), or, if there is no such reported sale on the valuation date, at the most recent quoted bid price. For securities traded on NASDAQ, the NASDAQ Official Closing Price will be used. If such prices are not available or determined to not represent the fair value of the security as of the Funds’ pricing time, the security will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith using methods approved by the Board.
Money Market Securities and other Debt Securities. If available, money market securities and other debt securities are priced based upon valuations provided by recognized independent, third-party pricing agents. Such values generally reflect the last reported sales price if the security is actively traded. The third-party pricing agents may also value debt securities by employing methodologies that utilize actual market transactions, broker-supplied valuations, or other methodologies designed to identify the market value for such securities. Such methodologies generally consider such factors as security prices, yields, maturities, call features, ratings and developments relating to specific securities in arriving at valuations. Money market securities and other debt securities with remaining maturities of sixty days or less may be valued at their amortized cost, which approximates market value. If such prices are not available or determined to not represent the fair value of the security as of each Fund’s pricing time, the security will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith using methods approved by the Board.
Foreign Securities. The prices for foreign securities are reported in local currency and converted to U.S. dollars using currency exchange rates. Exchange rates are provided daily by recognized independent pricing agents.
Derivatives and Other Complex Securities. Exchange traded options on securities and indices purchased by the Funds generally are valued at their last trade price or, if there is no last trade price, the last bid price. Exchange traded options on securities and indices written by the Funds generally are valued at their last trade price or, if there is no last trade price, the last asked price. In the case of options traded in the over-the-counter market, if the OTC option is also an exchange traded option, the Funds will follow the rules regarding the valuation of exchange traded options. If the OTC option is not also an exchange traded option, the Funds will value the option at fair value in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board.
Futures and swaps cleared through a central clearing house (“centrally cleared swaps”) are valued at the settlement price established each day by the board of the exchange on which they are traded. The daily settlement prices for financial futures are provided by an independent source. On days when there is excessive volume or market volatility, or the future or centrally cleared swap does not end trading by the time the Funds calculate NAV, the settlement price may not be available at the time at which each Fund calculates its NAV. On such days, the best available price (which is typically the last sales price) may be used to value a Fund’s futures or centrally cleared swaps position.
Foreign currency forward contracts are valued at the current day’s interpolated foreign exchange rate, as calculated using the current day’s spot rate, and the thirty, sixty, ninety and one-hundred eighty day forward rates provided by an independent source.
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If available, non-centrally cleared swaps, collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations and bank loans are priced based on valuations provided by an independent third party pricing agent. If a price is not available from an independent third party pricing agent, the security will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith using methods approved by the Board.
Use of Third-Party Independent Pricing Agents and Independent Brokers. Pursuant to contracts with the Administrator, prices for most securities held by the Funds are provided daily by third-party independent pricing agents that are approved by the Board. The valuations provided by third-party independent pricing agents are reviewed daily by the Administrator.
If a security price cannot be obtained from an independent, third-party pricing agent, the Administrator shall seek to obtain a bid price from at least one independent broker.
Fair Value Procedures. Securities for which market prices are not “readily available” or which cannot be valued using the methodologies described above are valued in accordance with Fair Value Procedures established by the Board and implemented through the Fair Value Pricing Committee. The members of the Fair Value Pricing Committee report, as necessary, to the Board regarding portfolio valuation determinations. The Board, from time to time, will review these methods of valuation and will recommend changes which may be necessary to assure that the investments of the Funds are valued at fair value.
Some of the more common reasons that may necessitate a security being valued using Fair Value Procedures include: the security’s trading has been halted or suspended; the security has been de-listed from a national exchange; the security’s primary trading market is temporarily closed at a time when under normal conditions it would be open; the security has not been traded for an extended period of time; the security’s primary pricing source is not able or willing to provide a price; trading of the security is subject to local government-imposed restrictions; or a significant event with respect to a security has occurred after the close of the market or exchange on which the security principally trades and before the time the Funds calculate NAV. When a security is valued in accordance with the Fair Value Procedures, the Fair Value Pricing Committee will determine the value after taking into consideration relevant information reasonably available to the Fair Value Pricing Committee.
The following is only a summary of certain additional U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Funds and their shareholders that is intended to supplement the discussion contained in the Prospectuses. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Funds or their shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectuses is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situations, including their state, local, and foreign tax liabilities.
This general discussion of certain federal income tax consequences is based on the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) makes significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and would apply only to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. There are only minor changes with respect to the specific rules only applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”), such as the Funds. The Tax Act, however, makes numerous other changes to the tax rules that may affect shareholders and the Funds. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding how the Tax Act affects your investment in the Funds.
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Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company. Each Fund intends to qualify and elect to be treated as a RIC. By following such a policy, each Fund expects to eliminate or reduce to a nominal amount the federal taxes to which it may be subject. A Fund that qualifies as a RIC will generally not be subject to federal income taxes on the net investment income and net realized capital gains that the Fund timely distributes to its shareholders. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of a Fund as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.
In order to qualify as a RIC under the Code, each Fund must distribute annually to its shareholders at least 90% of its net investment income (which, includes dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, less operating expenses) and at least 90% of its net tax exempt interest income, for each tax year, if any (the “Distribution Requirement”) and also must meet certain additional requirements. Among these requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund’s gross income each taxable year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies, and net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (the “Qualifying Income Test”); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund’s taxable year: (A) at least 50% of the value of each Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of each Fund’s total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer including the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and (B) not more than 25% of the value of each Fund’s total assets is invested, including through corporations in which each Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or the securities (other than the securities of another RIC) of two or more issuers that each Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Asset Test”).
Although the Funds intend to distribute substantially all of their net investment income and may distribute their capital gains for any taxable year, the Funds will be subject to federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. Each Fund is treated as a separate corporation for federal income tax purposes. A Fund therefore is considered to be a separate entity in determining its treatment under the rules for RICs described herein. Losses in one Fund do not offset gains in another and the requirements (other than certain organization requirements) for qualifying RIC status are determined at the Fund level rather than at the Trust level.
If a Fund fails to satisfy the Qualifying Income or Asset Tests in any taxable year, such Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. If a Fund fails to maintain qualification as a RIC for a tax year, and the relief provisions are not available, such Fund will be subject to federal income tax at the regular corporate rate (which the Tax Act reduced to 21%) without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In such case, its shareholders would be taxed as if they received ordinary dividends, although corporate shareholders could be eligible for the dividends received deduction (subject to certain limitations) and individuals may be able to benefit from the lower tax rates available to qualified dividend income. In addition, a Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a RIC. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of a Fund as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.
A Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year (commonly referred to as “post-October losses”) and certain other late-year losses.
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The treatment of capital loss carryovers for the Funds is similar to the rules that apply to capital loss carryovers of individuals, which provide that such losses are carried over indefinitely. If a Fund has a “net capital loss” (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains) for a taxable year beginning after December 22, 2010 (a “Post-2010 Loss”), the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year. A Fund’s unused capital loss carryforwards that arose in taxable years that began on or before December 22, 2010 (“Pre-2011 Losses”) are available to be applied against future capital gains, if any, realized by the Fund prior to the expiration of those carryforwards, generally eight years after the year in which they arose. A Fund’s Post-2010 Losses must be fully utilized before the Fund will be permitted to utilize carryforwards of Pre-2011 Losses. In addition, the carryover of capital losses may be limited under the general loss limitation rules if a Fund experiences an ownership change as defined in the Code.
Federal Excise Tax. Notwithstanding the Distribution Requirement described above, which generally requires a Fund to distribute at least 90% of its annual investment company taxable income and the excess of its exempt interest income (but does not require any minimum distribution of net capital gain), a Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of the calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income and 98.2% of its capital gain net income (the excess of short- and long-term capital gains over short- and long-term capital losses) for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year (including any retained amount from the prior calendar year on which a Fund paid no federal income tax). The Funds intend to make sufficient distributions to avoid liability for federal excise tax, but can make no assurances that such tax will be completely eliminated. The Funds may in certain circumstances be required to liquidate Fund investments in order to make sufficient distributions to avoid federal excise tax liability at a time when the Adviser might not otherwise have chosen to do so, and liquidation of investments in such circumstances may affect the ability of the Funds to satisfy the requirement for qualification as RICs.
Distributions to Shareholders. The Funds receive income generally in the form of dividends and interest on investments. This income, plus net short-term capital gains, if any, less expenses incurred in the operation of a Fund, constitutes the Fund’s net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. Any distributions by a Fund from such income will be taxable to you as ordinary income or at the lower capital gains rates that apply to individuals receiving qualified dividend income, whether you take them in cash or in additional shares. Additionally, the investment strategies of certain other Funds may limit their ability to make distributions eligible for the reduced tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income.
Distributions by the Funds are currently eligible for the reduced maximum tax rate to individuals of 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets) to the extent that the Funds receive qualified dividend income on the securities they hold and the Funds report the distributions as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations (e.g., foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States). A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for more than 60 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become “ex-dividend” (which is the day on which declared distributions (dividends or capital gains) are deducted from each Fund’s assets before it calculates the NAV) with respect to such dividend, (ii) each Fund has not satisfied similar holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder), (iii) the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property, or (iv) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Code. Therefore, if you lend your shares in a Fund, such as pursuant to a securities lending arrangement, you may lose the ability to treat dividends (paid while the shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividend income. Distributions that the Funds receive from an ETF, an underlying fund taxable as a RIC, or a REIT will be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent so reported by such ETF, underlying fund or REIT. The writing of call options by a Fund may significantly reduce or eliminate its ability to make distributions eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.
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Distributions by the Funds of their net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. Capital gain distributions consisting of a Fund’s net capital gains will be taxable as long-term capital gains for individual shareholders currently set at a maximum rate of 20%, regardless of how long the shareholder has owned the shares.
In the case of corporate shareholders, Fund distributions (other than capital gain distributions) generally qualify for the dividends-received deduction to the extent such distributions are so reported and do not exceed the gross amount of qualifying dividends received by such Fund for the year. Generally, and subject to certain limitations (including certain holding period limitations), a dividend will be treated as a qualifying dividend if it has been received from a domestic corporation. Certain Funds’ investment strategies may limit their ability to make distributions eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
If a Fund’s distributions exceed its taxable income and capital gains realized during a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in the same taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in a Fund and result in a higher reported capital gain or lower reported capital loss when those shares on which the distribution was received are sold.
A dividend or distribution received shortly after the purchase of shares reduces the NAV of the shares by the amount of the dividend or distribution and, although in effect a return of capital, will be taxable to the shareholder. If the NAV of shares were reduced below the shareholder’s cost by dividends or distributions representing gains realized on sales of securities, such dividends or distributions would be a return of investment though taxable to the shareholder in the same manner as other dividends or distributions.
The Funds (or their administrative agents) will inform you of the amount of your ordinary income dividends, qualified dividend income and capital gain distributions, if any, and will advise you of their tax status for federal income tax purposes shortly after the close of each calendar year. If you have not held Fund shares for a full year, the Funds may report and distribute to you, as ordinary income, qualified dividend income or capital gain, a percentage of income that is not equal to the actual amount of such income earned during the period of your investment in the Funds.
Dividends declared to shareholders of record in October, November or December and actually paid in January of the following year will be treated as having been received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which declared. Under this rule, therefore, a shareholder may be taxed in one year on dividends or distributions actually received in January of the following year.
Sales, Exchanges, or Redemptions. Any gain or loss recognized on a sale, exchange, or redemption of shares of a Fund by a shareholder who is not a dealer in securities will generally, for individual shareholders, be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than twelve months and otherwise will be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss. However, if shares on which a shareholder has received a long-term capital gain distribution are subsequently sold, exchanged, or redeemed and such shares have been held for six months or less, any loss recognized will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the long-term capital gain distribution. In addition, the loss realized on a sale or other disposition of shares will be disallowed to the extent a shareholder repurchases (or enters into a contract to or option to repurchase) shares within a period of 61 days (beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares). This loss disallowance rule will apply to shares received through the reinvestment of dividends during the 61-day period. For tax purposes, an exchange of your Fund shares for shares of a different fund is the same as a sale.
U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” including interest, dividends, and capital gains (including any capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund).
The Funds (or their administrative agents) must report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to Fund shareholders the cost basis information for Fund shares. In addition to reporting the gross proceeds from the sale of Fund shares, each Fund (or its administrative agent) is also required to report the cost basis information for such shares and indicate whether these shares have a short-term or long-term holding period. For each sale of its shares, each Fund will permit its shareholders to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including average cost. In the absence of an election, each Fund will use the average basis method. The cost basis method elected by shareholders (or the cost basis method applied by default) for each sale of a Fund’s shares may not be changed after the settlement date of each such sale of a Fund’s shares. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about cost basis reporting. Shareholders also should carefully review any cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.
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Tax Treatment of Complex Securities. The Funds may invest in complex securities. These investments may be subject to numerous special and complex tax rules. These rules could affect the Funds’ ability to qualify as RICs, affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Funds are treated as ordinary income or capital gain, accelerate the recognition of income to the Funds and/or defer the Funds’ ability to recognize losses, and, in limited cases, subject the Funds to U.S. federal income tax on income from certain of their foreign securities. In turn, these rules may affect the amount, timing or character of the income distributed to you by the Funds and may require the Funds to sell securities to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Funds as RICs at a time when the Adviser might not otherwise have chosen to do so.
Certain derivative investment by the Funds, such as exchange-traded products and over-the-counter derivatives may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the “Qualifying Income Test” described above, which must be met in order for a Fund to maintain its status as a RIC under the Code. In addition, the determination of the value and the identity of the issuer of such derivative investments are often unclear for purposes of the “Asset Test” described above. The Funds intend to carefully monitor such investments to ensure that any non-qualifying income does not exceed permissible limits and to ensure that they are adequately diversified under the Asset Test. The Funds, however, may not be able to accurately predict the non-qualifying income from these investments and there are no assurances that the IRS will agree with the Funds’ determination of the “Asset Test” with respect to such derivatives.
Each Fund is required for federal income tax purposes to mark-to-market and recognize as income for each taxable year its net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures contracts as of the end of the year as well as those actually realized during the year. Gain or loss from futures and options contracts on broad-based indexes required to be marked to market will be 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Application of this rule may alter the timing and character of distributions to shareholders. A Fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on futures contracts, options contracts and swaps to the extent of any unrecognized gains on offsetting positions held by the Fund. These provisions may also require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out), which may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and for avoiding the excise tax discussed above. Accordingly, in order to avoid certain income and excise taxes, a Fund may be required to liquidate its investments at a time when the Adviser might not otherwise have chosen to do so.
Any forward contract or other position entered into or held by a Fund in conjunction with any other position held by that Fund may constitute a “straddle” for federal income tax purposes. A straddle of which at least one, but not all, the positions are “Section 1256 contracts” may constitute a “mixed straddle.” In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the amount, character and timing of a Fund’s gains and losses with respect to straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that: (1) any loss realized on disposition of one position of a straddle may not be recognized to the extent that the Fund has unrealized gains with respect to the other position in such straddle; (2) the Fund’s holding period in straddle positions be suspended while the straddle exists (possibly resulting in a gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than long-term capital gain); (3) the losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions that are part of a mixed straddle and that are non-Section 1256 contracts be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital loss; (4) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions that would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses be treated as long-term capital losses; and (5) the deduction of interest and carrying charges attributable to certain straddle positions may be deferred. Various elections are available to the Funds, which may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules, particularly with respect to mixed straddles. In general, the straddle rules described above do not apply to any straddles held by a Fund if all of the offsetting positions consist of Section 1256 contracts.
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To the extent a Fund writes options that are not subject to the rules of section 1256 of the Code, the amount of the premium received by the Fund for writing such options will generally be entirely short-term capital gain to the Fund. In addition, if such an option is closed by a Fund, any gain or loss realized by the Fund as a result of closing the transaction will also generally be short-term capital gain or loss. If such an option is exercised any gain or loss realized by a Fund upon the sale of the underlying security pursuant to such exercise will generally be short-term or long-term capital gain or loss to the Fund depending on the Fund’s holding period for the underlying security.
With respect to investments in STRIPS, treasury receipts, and other zero coupon securities which are sold at original issue discount and thus do not make periodic cash interest payments, a Fund will be required to include as part of its current income the imputed interest on such obligations even though the Fund has not received any interest payments on such obligations during that period. Because each Fund intends to distribute all of its net investment income to its shareholders, a Fund may have to sell Fund securities to distribute such imputed income which may occur at a time when the Adviser would not have chosen to sell such securities and which may result in taxable gain or loss.
Any market discount recognized on a bond is taxable as ordinary income. A market discount bond is a bond acquired in the secondary market at a price below redemption value or adjusted issue price if issued with original issue discount. Absent an election by a Fund to include the market discount in income as it accrues, gain on the Fund’s disposition of such an obligation will be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain to the extent of the accrued market discount.
A Fund may invest in inflation-linked debt securities. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-linked debt security will be original interest discount, which is taxable as ordinary income and is required to be distributed, even though the Fund will not receive the principal, including any increase thereto, until maturity. As noted above, if a Fund invests in such securities it may be required to liquidate other investments, including at times when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its distribution requirements and to eliminate any possible taxation at the Fund level.
In general, for purposes of the Qualifying Income Test described above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by a Fund. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (generally, a partnership (i) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, (ii) that derives at least 90% of its income from the passive income sources specified in Code section 7704(d), and (iii) that generally derives less than 90% of its income from the same sources as described in the Qualifying Income Test) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
Certain Funds intend to invest in certain MLPs which may be treated as qualified publicly traded partnerships (“QPTPs”). Income from QPTPs is qualifying income for purposes of the Qualifying Income Test, but a Fund’s investment in one or more of such QPTPs is limited under the Asset Test to no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets. The Funds will monitor their investments in such QPTPs in order to ensure compliance with the Qualifying Income and Asset Tests.
Investments in QPTPs may require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, a Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. A Fund’s investments in QPTPs may at other times result in the Fund’s receipt of nontaxable cash distributions from a QPTP and if the Fund then distributes these nontaxable distributions to Fund shareholders, it could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Any cash distributions received by a Fund from a QPTP in excess of the Fund’s tax basis therein generally will be considered to be gain from the sale or exchange of the Fund’s QPTP shares. A Fund’s tax basis in its investments in a QPTP generally is equal to the amount the Fund paid for its interests in the QPTP (i) increased by the Fund’s allocable share of the QPTP’s net income and certain QPTP debt, if any, and (ii) decreased by the Fund’s allocable share of the QPTP’s net losses and distributions received by the Fund from the QPTP.
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MLPs and other partnerships that the Funds may invest in will deliver Form K-1s to the Funds to report their share of income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of the MLP or other partnership. These Form K-1s may be delayed and may not be received until after the time that a Fund issues its tax reporting statements. As a result, a Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify the amount and character of its distributions to you after it issues you your tax reporting statement. When such reclassification is necessary, the Fund (or its administrative agent) will send you a corrected, final Form 1099-DIV to reflect the reclassified information. If you receive a corrected Form 1099-DIV, use the information on this corrected form, and not the information on the previously issued tax reporting statement, in completing your tax returns.
The Tax Act treats “qualified publicly traded partnership income” within the meaning of Section 199A(e)(5) of the Code as eligible for a 20% deduction by non-corporate taxpayers. Qualified publicly traded partnership income is generally income of a “publicly traded partnership” that is not treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes that is effectively connected with such entity’s trade or business, but does not include certain investment income. A “publicly traded partnership” for purposes of this deduction is not necessarily the same as a “qualified publicly traded partnership,” as defined above. This deduction, if allowed in full, equates to a maximum effective tax rate of 29.6% (37% top rate applied to income after 20% deduction). The Tax Act does not contain a provision permitting RICs, such as the Funds, to pass the special character of this income through to their shareholders. Currently, direct investors in entities that generate “qualified publicly traded partnership income” will enjoy the lower rate, but investors in RICs that invest in such entities will not. It is uncertain whether future technical corrections or administrative guidance will address this issue to enable the Funds to pass through the special character of “qualified publicly traded partnership income” to shareholders.
A Fund may invest in REITs. Investments in REIT equity securities may require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, a Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. A Fund’s investments in REIT equity securities may at other times result in a Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if a Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to such Fund’s shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Dividends paid by a REIT, other than capital gain distributions, will be taxable as ordinary income up to the amount of the REIT’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Capital gain dividends paid by a REIT to a Fund will be treated as long term capital gains by the Fund and, in turn, may be distributed by the Fund to its shareholders as a capital gain distribution. Dividends received by a Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for the dividends received deduction. If a REIT is operated in a manner such that it fails to qualify as a REIT, an investment in the REIT would become subject to double taxation, meaning the taxable income of the REIT would be subject to federal income tax at the regular corporate rate without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders and the dividends would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the REIT’s current and accumulated earnings and profits.
REITs in which a Fund invests often do not provide complete and final tax information to the Fund until after the time that the Fund issues a tax reporting statement. As a result, a Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify the amount and character of its distributions to you after it issues your tax reporting statement. When such reclassification is necessary, a Fund (or its administrative agent) will send you a corrected, final Form 1099-DIV to reflect the reclassified information. If you receive a corrected Form 1099-DIV, use the information on this corrected form, and not the information on the previously issued tax reporting statement, in completing your tax returns.
The Tax Act treats “qualified REIT dividends” (i.e., ordinary REIT dividends other than capital gain dividends and portions of REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income eligible for capital gain tax rates) as eligible for a 20% deduction by non-corporate taxpayers. This deduction, if allowed in full, equates to a maximum effective tax rate of 29.6% (37% top rate applied to income after 20% deduction). Pursuant to recently proposed regulations on which the Funds may rely, distributions by a Fund to its shareholders that are attributable to qualified REIT dividends received by the Fund and which the Fund properly reports as “section 199A dividends,” are treated as “qualified REIT dividends” in the hands of non-corporate shareholders. A section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the dividend-paying RIC shares for at least 46 days of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. A Fund is permitted to report such part of its dividends as section 199A dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so.
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Certain Funds intend to invest in royalty trusts. Depending on the U.S. federal income tax classification of these royalty trusts in which a Fund invests, securities issued by certain royalty trusts (such as royalty trusts which are grantor trusts for U.S. federal income tax purposes) may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the Qualifying Income Test. Additionally, a Fund may be deemed to directly own the assets of each royalty trust, and would need to look to such assets when determining its compliance with the Asset Test. Certain Canadian royalty trusts may be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and distributions from such trusts may be qualifying income when received by a Fund. Each Fund will monitor its investments in royalty trusts with the objective of maintaining its continued qualification as a RIC under the Code.
If a Fund owns shares in certain foreign investment entities, referred to as “passive foreign investment companies” or “PFICs,” the Fund will generally be subject to one of the following special tax regimes: (i) the Fund may be liable for U.S. federal income tax, and an additional interest charge, on a portion of any “excess distribution” from such foreign entity or any gain from the disposition of such shares, even if the entire distribution or gain is paid out by the Fund as a dividend to its shareholders; (ii) if the Fund were able and elected to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” or “QEF,” the Fund would be required each year to include in income, and distribute to shareholders in accordance with the distribution requirements set forth above, the Fund’s pro rata share of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the PFIC, whether or not such earnings or gains are distributed to the Fund; or (iii) the Fund may be entitled to mark-to-market annually shares of the PFIC, whether or not any distributions are made to the Fund, and in such event would be required to distribute to shareholders any such mark-to-market gains in accordance with the distribution requirements set forth above. Such Fund intends to make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effect of these rules.
Certain Foreign Currency Tax Issues. A Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies and forward foreign currency contracts will generally be subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also may require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out) which may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the Distribution Requirements and for avoiding the excise tax described above. The Funds intend to monitor their transactions, intend to make the appropriate tax elections, and intend to make the appropriate entries in their books and records when they acquire any foreign currency or forward foreign currency contract in order to mitigate the effect of these rules so as to prevent disqualification of a Fund as a RIC and minimize the imposition of income and excise taxes.
The U.S. Treasury Department has authority to issue regulations that would exclude foreign currency gains from the Qualifying Income Test described above if such gains are not directly related to a Fund’s business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with respect to stock or securities). Accordingly, regulations may be issued in the future that could treat some or all of a Fund’s non-U.S. currency gains as non-qualifying income, thereby potentially jeopardizing the Fund’s status as a RIC for all years to which the regulations are applicable.
Foreign Taxes. Dividends and interest received by a Fund may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions that would reduce the yield on the Fund’s stock or securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate these taxes. Foreign countries generally do not impose taxes on capital gains with respect to investments by foreign investors. If more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of stocks or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible to, and intends to file an election with the IRS that may enable shareholders, in effect, to receive either the benefit of a foreign tax credit, or a deduction from such taxes, with respect to any foreign and U.S. possessions income taxes paid by the Fund, subject to certain limitations. Pursuant to the election, such Fund will treat those taxes as dividends paid to its shareholders. Each such shareholder will be required to include a proportionate share of those taxes in gross income as income received from a foreign source and must treat the amount so included as if the shareholder had paid the foreign tax directly. The shareholder may then either deduct the taxes deemed paid by him or her in computing his or her taxable income or, alternatively, use the foregoing information in calculating any foreign tax credit they may be entitled to use against the shareholders’ federal income tax. If a Fund makes the election, such Fund (or its administrative agent) will report annually to its shareholders the respective amounts per share of the Fund’s income from sources within, and taxes paid to, foreign countries and U.S. possessions. If a Fund does not hold sufficient foreign securities to meet the above threshold, then shareholders will not be entitled to claim a credit or further deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by such Fund.
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A shareholder’s ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by a Fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in a shareholder not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such taxes. In particular, shareholders must hold their Fund shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 additional days during the 30-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a given dividend. Shareholders who do not itemize on their federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but no deduction) for such foreign taxes. Even if a Fund were eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in a Fund through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by a Fund.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements, 401(k)s, and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). Under the Tax Act, tax-exempt entities are not permitted to offset losses from one trade or business against the income or gain of another trade or business. Certain net losses incurred prior to January 1, 2018 are permitted to offset gain and income created by an unrelated trade or business, if otherwise available. Under current law, the Funds generally serve to block UBTI from being realized by their tax-exempt shareholders. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of an investment in a Fund where, for example: (i) the Fund invests in residual interests of Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (“REMICs”), (ii) the Fund invests in a REIT that is a taxable mortgage pool (“TMP”) or that has a subsidiary that is a TMP or that invests in the residual interest of a REMIC, or (iii) shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special rules and should consult their tax advisor. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are strongly encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding these issues.
A Fund's shares held in a tax-qualified retirement account will generally not be subject to federal taxation on income and capital gains distributions from the Fund until a shareholder begins receiving payments from their retirement account. Because each shareholder’s tax situation is different, shareholders should consult their tax advisor about the tax implications of an investment in the Funds.
Backup Withholding. A Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold at a rate of 24% and remit to the U.S. Treasury the amount withheld on amounts payable to any shareholder who: (i) has provided the Fund either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all; (ii) is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report payments of interest or dividends; (iii) has failed to certify to the Fund that such shareholder is not subject to backup withholding; or (iv) has failed to certify to the Fund that the shareholder is a U.S. person (including a resident alien).
Non-U.S. Investors. Any non-U.S. investors in the Funds may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are encouraged to consult their tax advisors prior to investing in the Funds. Foreign shareholders (i.e., nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates) are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower tax treaty rate) on distributions derived from taxable ordinary income. A Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Short-term capital gain dividends received by a nonresident alien individual who is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year are not exempt from this 30% withholding tax. Gains realized by foreign shareholders from the sale or other disposition of shares of a Fund generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless the recipient is an individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. Foreign shareholders who fail to provide an applicable IRS form may be subject to backup withholding on certain payments from a Fund. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that are subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax described above. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a trade or business within the United States. In addition, the tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of a tax treaty may be different than those described above.
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Under legislation generally known as “FATCA” (the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act), a Fund is required to withhold 30% of certain ordinary dividends it pays to shareholders that fail to meet prescribed information reporting or certification requirements. In general, no such withholding will be required with respect to a U.S. person or non-U.S. individual that timely provides the certifications required by a Fund or its agent on a valid IRS Form W-9 or applicable IRS Form W-8, respectively. Shareholders potentially subject to withholding include foreign financial institutions (“FFIs”), such as non-U.S. investment funds, and non-financial foreign entities (“NFFEs”). To avoid withholding under FATCA, an FFI generally must enter into an information sharing agreement with the IRS in which it agrees to report certain identifying information (including name, address, and taxpayer identification number) with respect to its U.S. account holders (which, in the case of an entity shareholder, may include its direct and indirect U.S. owners), and an NFFE generally must identify and provide other required information to a Fund or other withholding agent regarding its U.S. owners, if any. Such non-U.S. shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by regulations and other guidance. A non-U.S. shareholder resident or doing business in a country that has entered into an intergovernmental agreement with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of the agreement.
A non-U.S. entity that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. Non-U.S. investors in a Fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, generally, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC such as a Fund are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
State Taxes. Depending upon state and local law, distributions by a Fund to its shareholders and the ownership of such shares may be subject to state and local taxes. Rules of state and local taxation of dividend and capital gains distributions from RICs often differ from the rules for federal income taxation described above. It is expected that a Fund will not be liable for any corporate excise, income or franchise tax in Massachusetts if it qualifies as a RIC for federal income tax purposes.
Many states grant tax-free status to dividends paid to you from interest earned on direct obligations of the U.S. government, subject in some states to minimum investment requirements that must be met by a Fund. Investment in Ginnie Mae or Fannie Mae securities, banker’s acceptances, commercial paper, and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities do not generally qualify for such tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporate shareholders. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding state and local taxes applicable to an investment in a Fund.
Brokerage Transactions. Generally, equity securities, both listed and over-the-counter, are bought and sold through brokerage transactions for which commissions are payable. Purchases from underwriters will include the underwriting commission or concession, and purchases from dealers serving as market makers will include a dealer’s mark-up or reflect a dealer’s mark-down. Money market securities and other debt securities are usually bought and sold directly from the issuer or an underwriter or market maker for the securities. Generally, the Funds will not pay brokerage commissions for such purchases. When a debt security is bought from an underwriter, the purchase price will usually include an underwriting commission or concession. The purchase price for securities bought from dealers serving as market makers will similarly include the dealer’s mark up or reflect a dealer’s mark down. When the Funds execute transactions in the over-the-counter market, they will generally deal with primary market makers unless prices that are more favorable are otherwise obtainable.
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In addition, an adviser may place a combined order for two or more accounts it manages, including a Fund, engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security if, in its judgment, joint execution is in the best interest of each participant and will result in best price and execution. Transactions involving commingled orders are allocated in a manner deemed equitable to each account or Fund. Although it is recognized that, in some cases, the joint execution of orders could adversely affect the price or volume of the security that a particular account or Fund may obtain, it is the opinion of the Adviser that the advantages of combined orders outweigh the possible disadvantages of combined orders.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Funds paid the following aggregate brokerage commissions on portfolio transactions:
Fund | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
Westwood SmallCap Fund | $224,220 | $261,452 | $480,180 |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | $347,502 | $390,178 | $527,213 |
Brokerage Selection. The Trust does not expect to use one particular broker or dealer, and when one or more brokers is believed capable of providing the best combination of price and execution, the Adviser may select a broker based upon brokerage or research services provided to the Adviser. The Adviser may pay a higher commission than otherwise obtainable from other brokers in return for such services only if a good faith determination is made that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act permits the Adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause the Funds to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. In addition to agency transactions, the Adviser may receive brokerage and research services in connection with certain riskless principal transactions, in accordance with applicable SEC guidance. Brokerage and research services include: (1) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; (2) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts; and (3) effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement, and custody). In the case of research services, the Adviser believes that access to independent investment research is beneficial to its investment decision-making processes and, therefore, to the Funds.
To the extent that research services may be a factor in selecting brokers, such services may be in written form or through direct contact with individuals and may include information as to particular companies and securities as well as market, economic, or institutional areas and information which assists in the valuation and pricing of investments. Examples of research-oriented services for which the Adviser might utilize Fund commissions include research reports and other information on the economy, industries, sectors, groups of securities, individual companies, statistical information, political developments, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis, performance and other analysis. The Adviser may use research services furnished by brokers in servicing all client accounts and not all services may necessarily be used by the Adviser in connection with the Funds or any other specific client account that paid commissions to the broker providing such services. Information so received by the Adviser will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement. Any advisory or other fees paid to the Adviser are not reduced as a result of the receipt of research services.
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In some cases the Adviser may receive a service from a broker that has both a “research” and a “non-research” use. When this occurs, the Adviser makes a good faith allocation, under all the circumstances, between the research and non-research uses of the service. The percentage of the service that is used for research purposes may be paid for with client commissions, while the Adviser will use its own funds to pay for the percentage of the service that is used for non-research purposes. In making this good faith allocation, the Adviser faces a potential conflict of interest, but the Adviser believes that its allocation procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that it appropriately allocates the anticipated use of such services to their research and non-research uses.
From time to time, the Adviser may purchase new issues of securities for clients, including the Funds, in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the seller may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide the Adviser with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the seller will provide research “credits” in these situations at a rate that is higher than that which is available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018, the Funds paid the following commissions on brokerage transactions directed to brokers pursuant to an agreement or understanding whereby the broker provides research services to an adviser:
Fund |
Total Dollar Amount of Brokerage Commissions for Research Services1 | Total Dollar Amount of Transactions Involving Brokerage Commissions for Research Services |
Westwood SmallCap Fund | $456,905 | $431,654,275 |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | $505,872 | $1,066,077,708 |
1 | Reported numbers only include commissions paid for an identified research service as part of an unbundled brokerage relationship and do not include any commissions paid for research services as part of bundled commissions for which the research portion is not distinguishable from the execution portion. |
Brokerage with Fund Affiliates. The Funds may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of either the Funds or the Adviser for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. The 1940 Act requires that commissions paid to the affiliate by the Funds for exchange transactions not exceed “usual and customary” brokerage commissions. The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Trustees, including those who are not “interested persons” of the Funds, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and review these procedures periodically.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Funds did not pay any brokerage commissions on Fund transactions effected by affiliated brokers.
Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealers.” The Funds are required to identify any securities of their “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) that each Fund held during its most recent fiscal year. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018, the Funds held securities of their "regular brokers or dealers" as follows:
Fund | Name of Broker/Dealer | Type of Security Held | Dollar Amount at FYE (in thousands) |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | Morgan Stanley | Debt | $32,836 |
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Portfolio Turnover Rates. Portfolio turnover is calculated by dividing the lesser of total purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal year. Excluded from both the numerator and denominator are amounts relating to securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less. Instruments excluded from the calculation of portfolio turnover generally would include the futures contracts in which the Funds may invest since such contracts generally have remaining maturities of less than one year. The Funds may at times hold investments in other short-term instruments, such as repurchase agreements, which are excluded for purposes of computing portfolio turnover. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, the Funds’ portfolio turnover rates were as follows:
Fund |
Portfolio Turnover Rates | |
2017 | 2018 | |
Westwood SmallCap Fund | 56% | 50% |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | 34% | 42% |
The Board has approved policies and procedures that govern the timing and circumstances regarding the disclosure of Fund portfolio holdings information to shareholders and third parties. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that disclosure of information regarding the Funds’ portfolio securities is in the best interests of Fund shareholders, and include procedures to address conflicts between the interests of the Funds’ shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser, principal underwriter or any affiliated person of the Funds, the Adviser or the principal underwriter, on the other. Pursuant to such procedures, the Board has authorized the Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “Authorized Person”) to authorize the release of the Funds’ portfolio holdings, as necessary, in conformity with the foregoing principles. The Authorized Person reports at least quarterly to the Board regarding the implementation of such policies and procedures.
Pursuant to applicable law, the Funds are required to disclose their complete portfolio holdings quarterly, within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter (currently, each January 31, April 30, July 31 and October 31). The Funds disclose a complete schedule of investments, following the second and fourth fiscal quarters, in each Semi-Annual Report and Annual Report to Fund shareholders or, following the first and third fiscal quarters, in quarterly holdings reports filed with the SEC on Form N-Q or as exhibits to Form N-PORT. Semi-Annual and Annual Reports are distributed to Fund shareholders.
Complete schedules of investments filed with the SEC on Form N-Q, Form N-CSR, and as exhibits to Form N-PORT, are not distributed to Fund shareholders, but are available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Within 10 days of the end of each calendar quarter, each Fund will post its complete portfolio holdings on the internet at http://www.westwoodfunds.com. These postings generally remain until replaced by new postings as described above. The Adviser may exclude any portion of a Fund’s portfolio holdings from such publication when deemed in the best interest of the Fund.
The Funds’ policies and procedures provide that the Authorized Persons may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information to third parties at differing times and/or with different lag times then the information posted to the internet; provided that the recipient is, either by contractual agreement or otherwise by law, (i) required to maintain the confidentiality of the information and (ii) prohibited from using the information to facilitate or assist in any securities transactions or investment program. No compensation or other consideration is paid to or received by any party in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information, including the Funds, the Adviser, and their affiliates or recipient of the Funds’ portfolio holdings information. The Funds will review a third party’s request for portfolio holdings information to determine whether the third party has legitimate business objectives in requesting such information.
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In addition, the Funds’ service providers, such as the Custodian, Administrator and Transfer Agent, may receive portfolio holdings information as frequently as daily in connection with their services to the Funds. In addition to any contractual provisions relating to confidentiality of information that may be included in the service providers contract with the Trust, these arrangements impose obligations on the Funds’ service providers that would prohibit them from disclosing or trading on the Funds’ non-public information. Financial printers and pricing information vendors may receive portfolio holdings information, as necessary, in connection with their services to the Funds.
The Adviser may manage other accounts that are not subject to these policies and procedures with investment objectives and strategies that are substantially similar to those of a Fund. Because the portfolio holdings of such accounts may be substantially similar, and in some cases nearly identical, to those of a Fund, an investor in such an account may be able to infer the portfolio holdings of a Fund from the portfolio holdings of the account.
The Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of funds and shares of each fund, each of which represents an equal proportionate interest in that fund with each other share. Shares are entitled upon liquidation to a pro rata share in the net assets of the fund. Shareholders have no preemptive rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees may create additional series or classes of shares. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any additional fund and all assets in which such consideration is invested would belong to that fund and would be subject to the liabilities related thereto. Share certificates representing shares will not be issued. The Funds’ shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.
The Trust is an entity of the type commonly known as a “Massachusetts business trust.” Under Massachusetts law, shareholders of such a trust could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable as partners for the obligations of the trust. Even if, however, the Trust were held to be a partnership, the possibility of the shareholders incurring financial loss for that reason appears remote because the Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees, and because the Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of the Trust property for any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust.
LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES’ LIABILITY
The Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee shall be liable only for his or her own willful defaults and, if reasonable care has been exercised in the selection of officers, agents, employees or investment advisers, shall not be liable for any neglect or wrongdoing of any such person. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust will indemnify its Trustees and officers against liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with actual or threatened litigation in which they may be involved because of their offices with the Trust unless it is determined in the manner provided in the Declaration of Trust that they have not acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that their actions were in the best interests of the Trust. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust shall protect or indemnify a Trustee against any liability for his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties. Nothing contained in this section attempts to disclaim a Trustee’s individual liability in any manner inconsistent with the federal securities laws.
The Board has delegated the responsibility for decisions regarding proxy voting for securities held by the Funds to the Adviser. The Adviser will vote such proxies in accordance with its proxy voting policies and procedures, which are included in Appendix B to this SAI.
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The Trust is required to disclose annually the Funds’ complete proxy voting record during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 on Form N-PX. This voting record is available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-877-FUND-WHG (1-877-386-3944) and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
The Board, on behalf of the Trust, has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. In addition, the Adviser, the Administrator and the Distributor have each adopted Codes of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1. These Codes of Ethics apply to the personal investing activities of trustees, officers and certain employees (“Access Persons”). Rule 17j-1 and the Codes of Ethics are designed to prevent unlawful practices in connection with the purchase or sale of securities by Access Persons. Under each Code of Ethics, Access Persons are permitted to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds, but are required to report their personal securities transactions for monitoring purposes. Certain Access Persons are prohibited from engaging in personal securities transactions in securities that are held by the Funds. In addition, certain Access Persons are required to obtain approval before investing in initial public offerings or private placements or are prohibited from making such investments. Copies of these Codes of Ethics are on file with the SEC, and are available to the public.
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS AND CONTROL PERSONS
As of August 21, 2019, the following persons were record owners (or to the knowledge of the Trust, beneficial owners) of 5% or more of A Class Shares of the Westwood Income Opportunity Fund. The Trust believes that most of the shares referred to below were held by the below persons in accounts for their fiduciary, agency or custodial customers. Persons beneficially owning more than 25% of the Fund’s outstanding shares may be deemed to “control” the Fund within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Shareholders controlling the Fund may have a significant impact on any shareholder vote of the Fund.
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | |
Name and Address | % of Class |
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY A/C FBO CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 211 MAIN ST SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-1905 |
50.47% |
LPL FINANCIAL 4707 EXECUTIVE DR SAN DIEGO, CA 92121-3091 |
5.86% |
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DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
Description of Ratings
The following descriptions of securities ratings have been published by Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”), and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”), respectively.
Description of Moody’s Global Ratings
Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Description of Moody’s Global Long-Term Ratings
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
A-1
Hybrid Indicator (hyb)
The hybrid indicator (hyb) is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms. By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.
Description of Moody’s Global Short-Term Ratings
P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Description of Moody’s U.S. Municipal Short-Term Obligation Ratings
The Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) scale is used to rate U.S. municipal bond anticipation notes of up to three years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuer’s long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levels-MIG 1 through MIG 3-while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated SG.
Moody’s U.S. municipal short-term obligation ratings are as follows:
MIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
A-2
Description of Moody’s Demand Obligation Ratings
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned: a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG scale called the Variable Municipal Investment Grade (“VMIG”) scale.
Moody’s demand obligation ratings are as follows:
VMIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Description of S&P’s Issue Credit Ratings
An S&P issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P’s view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P’s analysis of the following considerations:
• | The likelihood of payment-the capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on a financial obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; |
• | The nature of and provisions of the financial obligation; and the promise S&P imputes; and |
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• | The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights. |
An issue rating is an assessment of default risk but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
NR indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.
Description of S&P’s Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*
AAA An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB; B; CCC; CC; and C Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
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CC An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
* | Ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories. |
Description of S&P’s Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
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Description of S&P’s Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings
An S&P U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P’s opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P’s analysis will review the following considerations:
• | Amortization schedule-the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and |
• | Source of payment-the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note. |
S&P’s municipal short-term note ratings are as follows:
SP-1 Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
D ‘D’ is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed exchange offer, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.
Description of Fitch’s Credit Ratings
Fitch’s credit ratings relating to issuers are an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Credit ratings relating to securities and obligations of an issuer can include a recovery expectation. Credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested.
The terms “investment grade” and “speculative grade” have established themselves over time as shorthand to describe the categories ‘AAA’ to ‘BBB’ (investment grade) and ‘BB’ to ‘D’ (speculative grade). The terms investment grade and speculative grade are market conventions, and do not imply any recommendation or endorsement of a specific security for investment purposes. Investment grade categories indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while ratings in the speculative categories either signal a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred.
Fitch’s credit ratings do not directly address any risk other than credit risk. In particular, ratings do not deal with the risk of a market value loss on a rated security due to changes in interest rates, liquidity and other market considerations. However, in terms of payment obligation on the rated liability, market risk may be considered to the extent that it influences the ability of an issuer to pay upon a commitment. Ratings nonetheless do not reflect market risk to the extent that they influence the size or other conditionality of the obligation to pay upon a commitment (for example, in the case of index-linked bonds).
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In the default components of ratings assigned to individual obligations or instruments, the agency typically rates to the likelihood of non-payment or default in accordance with the terms of that instrument’s documentation. In limited cases, Fitch may include additional considerations (i.e. rate to a higher or lower standard than that implied in the obligation’s documentation).
For the convenience of investors, Fitch may also include issues relating to a rated issuer that are not and have not been rated on its webpage. Such issues are denoted ‘NR.’
Note: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ ratings and ratings below the ‘CCC’ category. For the short-term rating category of ‘F1’, a ‘+’ may be appended.
Description of Fitch’s Long-Term Corporate Finance Obligations Ratings
AAA Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B Highly speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC Substantial credit risk. ‘CCC’ ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC Very high levels of credit risk. ‘CC’ ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. ‘C’ ratings indicate exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Ratings in the categories of ‘CCC’, ‘CC’ and ‘C’ can also relate to obligations or issuers that are in default. In this case, the rating does not opine on default risk but reflects the recovery expectation only.
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Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned ‘RD’ or ‘D’ ratings, but are instead rated in the ‘CCC’ to ‘C’ rating categories, depending on their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Description of Fitch’s Short-Term Ratings
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
Fitch’s short-term ratings are as follows:
F1 Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2 Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3 Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
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APPENDIX B –PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
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WESTWOOD MANAGEMENT CORP.
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR PROXY VOTING
Policy.
Westwood, as a matter of policy and as a fiduciary to our clients, has responsibility for voting proxies for portfolio securities in a manner that is consistent with the best economic interests of the clients. Our Firm maintains written policies and procedures as to the handling, research, voting and reporting of proxy voting and makes appropriate disclosures about our Firm’s proxy policies and practices. Our policy and practice includes the responsibility to monitor corporate actions, receive and vote client proxies and disclose any potential conflicts of interest, and our policy and practice further is to make information available to clients about the voting of proxies for their portfolio securities and to maintain relevant and required records.
Responsibility.
Westwood’s Data Management Team has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of our proxy voting policy, practices, disclosures and record keeping, including outlining our voting guidelines in our procedures.
Procedures.
Westwood has engaged Broadridge for assistance with the proxy voting process for our clients. Broadridge is a leading provider of full service proxy voting services to the global financial industry. Westwood has also engaged Glass Lewis for assistance with proxy research and analysis. Glass Lewis provides complete analysis and voting recommendations on all proposals and is designed to assist investors in mitigating risk and improving long-term value. In most cases, we agree with Glass Lewis’s recommendations; however, ballots are reviewed bi-monthly by our analysts and we may choose to vote differently than Glass Lewis if we believe it in the best interest of our clients. In addition, Westwood will implement proxy “echo voting” (voting pro rata with all other shareholders) as described in Voting Procedures (g), for any investment company clients relying on Investment Company Act §12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 in order to allow certain purchases of other investment companies in excess of limits that would otherwise apply as described below.
Responsibility.
Westwood’s Data Management Team has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of our proxy voting policy, practices, disclosures and record keeping, including outlining our voting guidelines in our procedures.
Background.
Proxy voting is an important right of shareholders, and reasonable care and diligence must be taken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely exercised.
Investment advisers who are registered with the SEC, and who exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act (a) to adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between an adviser's interests and those of its clients; (b) to disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, to furnish a copy to its clients; and (d) to maintain certain records relating to the adviser's proxy voting activities when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.
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Procedure.
Westwood has adopted the following procedures to implement the Firm’s proxy voting policy, in addition to adopting the Glass Lewis Proxy Voting Guidelines, and conducts reviews to monitor and ensure the Firm’s policy is observed, implemented properly and amended or updated, as appropriate:
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Proxy Voting Records.
With respect to proxy record keeping, Westwood maintains complete files for all clients. These files include a listing of all proxy material sent on behalf of our clients along with individual copies of each response. Client access to these files can be arranged upon request. A voting summary will be furnished upon request.
Voting Procedures.
a. | All employees forward any proxy materials received on behalf of clients to Broadridge. Westwood has engaged Broadridge for assistance with the proxy voting process for our clients, and Glass Lewis provides voting recommendations; |
b. | Broadridge has access to holders records and determines which client accounts hold the security to which the proxy relates; |
c. | Absent material conflicts, Broadridge, with the vote recommendations from Glass Lewis, determines how Westwood should vote the proxy in accordance with applicable voting guidelines; |
d. | Westwood’s analysts review the Glass Lewis proxy voting recommendations on a bi-monthly basis. The analysts may choose to vote differently than Glass Lewis if they believe it is in the best interest of the client; |
e. | If Westwood chooses to vote differently than Glass Lewis, then Westwood overwrites the Glass Lewis recommendation on the ProxyEdge platform. If Westwood agrees with the Glass Lewis recommendations, no action is necessary; |
f. | Broadridge completes the proxy and mails the proxy in a timely and appropriate manner; and |
g. | For certain investment companies managed by Westwood and as approved by the CCO (each a “Westwood 12d1F Fund”), Westwood will implement echo voting for the proxies shares of other investment companies (each an “Acquired Fund”) held by a Westwood 12d1F Fund. The Data Management team will overwrite the Glass Lewis recommendation on the ProxyEdge platform with respect to shares of any Acquired Funds held by a Westwood 12d1F Fund and will instead vote all such Acquired Fund shares pro rata with all other shareholders of each respective Acquired Fund. The Data Management team will document any votes made with echo voting as set forth in Recordkeeping section below. |
Disclosure.
a. | Westwood provides required disclosures in Form ADV Part 2A, which summarizes these proxy voting policies and procedures and includes a statement that clients may request information regarding how Westwood voted a client’s proxies; |
b. | Westwood’s disclosure summary includes a description of how clients may obtain a copy of the Firm's proxy voting policies and procedures; |
c. | Westwood’s proxy voting practice is disclosed in the Firm's advisory agreements; and |
d. | The Data Management Team also sends a copy of this summary to all existing clients who have previously received Westwood’s Disclosure Brochures, or the Data Management Team may send each client the amended Disclosure Brochures. Either mailing shall highlight the inclusion of information regarding proxy voting. |
Client Requests for Information.
a. | All client requests for information regarding proxy votes or regarding policies and procedures that are received by any supervised person should be forwarded to the Data Management Team; and |
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b. | In response to any request, the Data Management Team prepares a written response to the client with the information requested, and, as applicable, includes the name of the issuer, the proposal voted upon, and how Westwood voted the client’s proxy with respect to each proposal about which the client inquired. |
Voting Guidelines.
a. | Westwood has engaged Broadridge and Glass Lewis for assistance with the proxy voting process for our clients; and |
b. | Westwood analysts review the Glass Lewis proxy voting recommendations using the following guidelines: |
i. | In the absence of specific voting guidelines from the client, Westwood votes proxies in the best interests of each particular client; |
ii. | Westwood’s policy is to vote all proxies from a specific issuer the same way for each client absent qualifying restrictions from a client; |
iii. | Clients are permitted to place reasonable restrictions on Westwood’s voting authority in the same manner that they may place such restrictions on the actual selection of account securities; |
iv. | Westwood generally votes in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals such as the election of directors and selection of auditors absent conflicts of interest raised by an auditor’s non-audit services; |
v. | Westwood generally votes against proposals that cause board members to become entrenched or cause unequal voting rights; and |
vi. | In reviewing proposals, Westwood further considers the opinion of management and the effect on management, and the effect on shareholder value and the issuer's business practices. |
Conflicts of Interest.
a. | Westwood conducts periodic reviews to identify any conflicts that exist between the interests of the Firm and the client by reviewing the relationship of Westwood with the issuer of each security to determine if Westwood or any of its supervised persons has any financial, business or personal relationship with the issuer; |
b. | If a material conflict of interest exists, Westwood will determine whether it is appropriate to disclose the conflict to the affected clients, to give the clients an opportunity to vote the proxies themselves, or to address the voting issue through other objective means such as voting in a manner consistent with a predetermined voting policy or receiving an independent third party voting recommendation; and |
c. | Westwood will maintain a record of the voting resolution of any conflict of interest. |
Recordkeeping.
The Data Management Team retains the following proxy records in a spreadsheet in accordance with the SEC’s five-year retention requirement:
a. | These policies and procedures and any amendments; |
b. | Each proxy statement that Westwood receives; |
c. | A record of each vote that Westwood casts; |
d. | Any document Westwood created that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies, or that memorializes that decision including periodic reports to the Data Management Team or proxy committee, if applicable; and |
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e. | A copy of each written request from a client for information on how Westwood voted such client’s proxies, and a copy of any written response. |
In addition to conducting initial due diligence, Westwood monitors and reviews all third-party proxy services to evaluate any conflicts of interest, consistency of voting with guidelines, and fees and disclosures, among other things. The Data Management Team maintains documentation of Westwood’s due diligence reviews.
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PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 28. EXHIBITS:
(a)(1) Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund (the “Registrant”) dated July 18, 1991, as amended and restated February 18, 1997 (the “Agreement and Declaration of Trust”), is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (1)(b) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") via EDGAR Accession No. 0000950109-97-001691 on February 27, 1997.
(a)(2) Amendment No. 1, dated May 15, 2012, to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated July 18, 1991, as amended and restated February 18, 1997, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (a)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 190 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-12-000262 on May 23, 2012.
(b) Registrant's Second Amended and Restated By-Laws are incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (b) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 179 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-12-000087 on February 28, 2012.
(c) See Article III and Article V of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, which has been incorporated by reference in Exhibit (a)(1) to this Registration Statement.
(d)(1)(i) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated March 15, 1999, between the Registrant and LSV Asset Management is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(8) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-01-500070 on June 22, 2001.
(d)(1)(ii) Amended Schedule A, dated August 24, 2018, to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated March 15, 1999, between the Registrant and LSV Asset Management, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(iv) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 297 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-012526 on August 27, 2018.
(d)(1)(iii) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2002, between the Registrant and Acadian Asset Management LLC (formerly, Acadian Asset Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(17) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-02-000263 on August 30, 2002.
(d)(1)(iv) Amended Schedule A to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2002, between the Registrant and Acadian Asset Management LLC (formerly, Acadian Asset Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(12) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 127 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-10-000392 on September 3, 2010.
(d)(1)(v) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2002, between the Registrant and Cambiar Investors, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(19) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-02-000263 on August 30, 2002.
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(d)(1)(vi) Amended Schedule A, dated March 1, 2019, to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2002, between the Registrant and Cambiar Investors, LLC, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(vi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(d)(1)(vii) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2002, between the Registrant and Investment Counselors of Maryland, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(23) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-02-000263 on August 30, 2002.
(d)(1)(viii) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2002, between the Registrant and C.S. McKee, L.P. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(24) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-02-000263 on August 30, 2002.
(d)(1)(ix) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated October 10, 2016, between the Registrant and Rice Hall James & Associates LLC is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(xi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 277 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-000154 on February 28, 2017.
(d)(1)(x) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2002, between the Registrant and Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC (formerly, Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(27) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-02-000263 on August 30, 2002.
(d)(1)(xi) Amendment and Revised Schedule A, dated June 1, 2010, to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2002, between the Registrant and Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC (formerly, Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(21) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 126 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-10-000336 on August 30, 2010.
(d)(1)(xii) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated May 28, 2004, between the Registrant and Haverford Investment Management, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(30) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 79 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-05-000093 on February 25, 2005.
(d)(1)(xiii) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated December 16, 2005, between the Registrant and Westwood Management Corp. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(28) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-06-000081 on February 28, 2006.
(d)(1)(xiv) Amended Schedule A, dated December 18, 2018, to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated December 16, 2005, between the Registrant and Westwood Management Corp., is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(xvi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 300 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-018200 on December 19, 2018.
(d)(1)(xv) Amended Schedule A, dated [XX], to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated December 16, 2005, between the Registrant and Westwood Management Corp., to be filed by amendment.
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(d)(1)(xvi) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated February 27, 2006, between the Registrant and Edgewood Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(33) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-07-000007 on January 12, 2007.
(d)(1)(xvii) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated March 10, 2010, between the Registrant and Sands Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(30) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-10-000173 on April 30, 2010.
(d)(1)(xviii) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated March 24, 2011, between the Registrant and AlphaOne Investment Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(35) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000118 on March 1, 2013.
(d)(1)(xix) Amended Schedule A, dated December 19, 2017, to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated March 24, 2011, between the Registrant and AlphaOne Investment Services, LLC, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(xx) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 289 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-001158 on December 21, 2017.
(d)(1)(xx) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated June 20, 2011, between the Registrant and Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(37) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000118 on March 1, 2013.
(d)(1)(xxi) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated February 20, 2012, between the Registrant and Hamlin Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(45) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 183 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-12-000195 on March 29, 2012.
(d)(1)(xxii) Amended Schedule A, dated January 1, 2019, to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated February 20, 2012, between the Registrant and Hamlin Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(xxi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 308 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-007375 on April 30, 2019.
(d)(1)(xxiii) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated May 25, 2018, between the Registrant and Thomson Horstmann & Bryant, Inc., is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(xxii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 308 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-007375 on April 30, 2019.
(d)(1)(xxiv) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between the Registrant and Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(xxviii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 236 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000442 on June 24, 2014.
(d)(1)(xxv) Amended Schedule A, dated August 30, 2016, to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between the Registrant and Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(xxvii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
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(d)(1)(xxvi) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated January 31, 2013, between the Registrant and Harvest Global Investments Limited is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(xxix) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 236 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000442 on June 24, 2014.
(d)(1)(xxvii) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated September 3, 2013, between the Registrant and CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc. (formerly, AT Investment Advisers, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(xxx) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 236 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000442 on June 24, 2014.
(d)(1)(xxviii) Amended Schedule A, dated March 13, 2019, to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated September 13, 2013, between the Registrant and CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc., is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(1)(xxviii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 312 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-009920 on May 31, 2019.
(d)(1)(xxix) Investment Advisory Agreement, dated July 3, 2013, between the Registrant and Fayez Sarofim & Co. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(74) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000386 on July 26, 2013.
(d)(2)(i) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Parametric Portfolio Associates® LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(ii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000551 on August 28, 2014.
(d)(2)(ii) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and LSV Asset Management, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(iii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000551 on August 28, 2014.
(d)(2)(iii) Amended and Restated Schedule A, dated January 16, 2018, to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and LSV Asset Management, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(v) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 292 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-003073 on February 28, 2018.
(d)(2)(iv) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Harris Associates L.P., relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(iv) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000551 on August 28, 2014.
(d)(2)(v) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Thornburg Investment Management, Inc., relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(v) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000551 on August 28, 2014.
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(d)(2)(vi) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Marsico Capital Management, LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(vi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000551 on August 28, 2014.
(d)(2)(vii) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(viii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000551 on August 28, 2014.
(d)(2)(viii) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Fairpointe Capital LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(ix) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000551 on August 28, 2014.
(d)(2)(ix) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Phocas Financial Corporation, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(x) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000551 on August 28, 2014.
(d)(2)(x) Amended and Restated Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 22, 2018, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 308 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-007375 on April 30, 2019.
(d)(2)(xi) Amended and Restated Schedule A, dated May 22, 2018, to the Amended and Restated Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 22, 2018, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xiii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 308 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-007375 on April 30, 2019.
(d)(2)(xii) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Acadian Asset Management LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000551 on August 28, 2014.
(d)(2)(xiii) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Driehaus Capital Management LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xiii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 239 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000551 on August 28, 2014.
(d)(2)(xiv) Amended Schedule A, dated February 26, 2019, to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated May 1, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Driehaus Capital Management LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xvi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 308 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-007375 on April 30, 2019.
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(d)(2)(xv) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated April 1, 2019, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and ClariVest Asset Management LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xvii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 308 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-007375 on April 30, 2019.
(d)(2)(xvi) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated September 5, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Numeric Investors, LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xx) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 272 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001815 on October 31, 2016.
(d)(2)(xvii) Amended Schedule A, dated May 18, 2018, to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated September 5, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Numeric Investors, LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xx) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(d)(2)(xviii) Amendment, dated November 13, 2018, to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated September 5, 2014, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Numeric Investors, LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xxi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(d)(2)(xix) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated January 15, 2016, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xxv) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 263 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001304 on April 29, 2016.
(d)(2)(xx) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated August 24, 2016, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Franklin Advisers, Inc., relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Core Plus Bond Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xxvi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
(d)(2)(xxi) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated August 24, 2016, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Core Plus Bond Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xxvii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
(d)(2)(xxii) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated August 24, 2016, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Metropolitan West Asset Management LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Core Plus Bond Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xxviii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
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(d)(2)(xxiii) Amended and Restated Schedule A, dated August 21, 2018, to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated August 24, 2016, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Metropolitan West Asset management LLC, relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Core Plus Bond Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xxvi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(d)(2)(xxiv) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated August 24, 2016, between Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. and Prime Advisors, Inc., relating to the Cornerstone Advisors Core Plus Bond Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xxix) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
(d)(2)(xxv) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated December 20, 2017, between AlphaOne Investment Services, LLC and Villanova Investment Management Company LLC, relating to the AlphaOne VIMCO Small Cap Value Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(2)(xxxii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 289 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-001158 on December 21, 2017.
(d)(3)(i) Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement, dated February 13, 2013, between the Registrant and LSV Asset Management, relating to the LSV Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(10) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000118 on March 1, 2013.
(d)(3)(ii) Amended Schedule A, dated August 24, 2018, to the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement, dated February 13, 2013, between the Registrant and LSV Asset Management, relating to the LSV Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(ii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 297 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-012526 on August 27, 2018.
(d)(3)(iii) Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement, dated September 1, 2016, between the Registrant and Cambiar Investors, LLC, relating to the Cambiar Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(iii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001670 on September 1, 2016.
(d)(3)(iv) Amended Schedule A, dated March 1, 2019, to the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement, dated September 1, 2016, between the Registrant and Cambiar Investors, LLC, relating to the Cambiar Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(iv) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(d)(3)(v) Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement, dated February 23, 2016, between the Registrant and Rice Hall James & Associates, LLC, relating to the Rice Hall James Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(vi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 263 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001304 on April 29, 2016.
(d)(3)(vi) Expense Limitation Agreement, dated March 1, 2008, between the Registrant and Haverford Investment Management, Inc., relating to the Haverford Quality Growth Stock Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(25) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000118 on March 1, 2013.
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(d)(3)(vii) Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement, dated February 10, 2015, between the Registrant and Westwood Management Corp., relating to the Westwood Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(ix) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-15-000298 on April 20, 2015.
(d)(3)(viii) Amended Schedule A, dated September 3, 2019, to the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement, dated February 10, 2015, between the Registrant and Westwood Management Corp., relating to the Westwood Funds, is filed herewith.
(d)(3)(ix) Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement, dated [XX], between the Registrant and Westwood Management Corp., relating to the Westwood LargeCap Value Fund, Westwood Income Opportunity Fund, Westwood SMidCap Fund, Westwood SmallCap Fund, Westwood Low Volatility Equity Fund, Westwood SMidCap Plus Fund, Westwood Emerging Markets Fund, Westwood Emerging Markets Plus Fund, Westwood Strategic Convertibles Fund and Westwood Flexible Income Fund, to be filed by amendment.
(d)(3)(x) Expense Limitation Agreement, dated [XX], between the Registrant and Westwood Management Corp, relating to the Westwood Low Volatility Equity Fund, Westwood Short Duration High Yield Fund and Westwood Market Neutral Income Fund, to be filed by amendment.
(d)(3)(xi) Expense Limitation Agreement, dated March 1, 2008, between the Registrant and Edgewood Management LLC, relating to the Edgewood Growth Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(28) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 124 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-10-000245 on June 30, 2010.
(d)(3)(xii) Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Edgewood Management LLC, relating to the Edgewood Growth Fund, to be filed by amendment.
(d)(3)(xiii) Expense Limitation Agreement, dated March 31, 2010, between the Registrant and Sands Capital Management, LLC, relating to the Sands Capital Global Growth Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(34) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000118 on March 1, 2013.
(d)(3)(xiv) Expense Limitation Agreement, effective as of March 28, 2011, between the Registrant and AlphaOne Investment Services, LLC, relating to the AlphaOne Small Cap Opportunities Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(43) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 154 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-11-000353 on June 29, 2011.
(d)(3)(xv) Amended Schedule A, dated December 19, 2017, to the Expense Limitation Agreement, effective as of March 28, 2011, between the Registrant and AlphaOne Investment Services, LLC, relating to the AlphaOne Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(xi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 289 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-001158 on December 21, 2017.
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(d)(3)(xvi) Expense Limitation Agreement, dated December 15, 2011, between the Registrant and Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., relating to the Loomis Sayles Full Discretion Institutional Securitized Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(38) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000118 on March 1, 2013.
(d)(3)(xvii) Expense Limitation Agreement, dated February 20, 2012, between the Registrant and Hamlin Capital Management, LLC, relating to the Hamlin High Dividend Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(46) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 183 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-12-000195 on March 29, 2012.
(d)(3)(xviii) Amended Schedule A, dated January 1, 2019, to the Expense Limitation Agreement, dated February 20, 2012, between the Registrant and Hamlin Capital Management, LLC, relating to the Hamlin High Dividend Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(xv) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 308 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-007375 on April 30, 2019.
(d)(3)(xix) Expense Limitation Agreement, dated March 28, 2012, between the Registrant and Thomson Horstmann & Bryant, Inc., relating to the THB Asset Management MicroCap Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(46) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000118 on March 1, 2013.
(d)(3)(xx) Amended Schedule A to the Expense Limitation Agreement, dated March 28, 2012, between the Registrant and Thomson Horstmann & Bryant, Inc., relating to the THB Asset Management MicroCap Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(50) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 225 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000589 on October 9, 2013.
(d)(3)(xxi) Expense Limitation Agreement, dated January 31, 2013, between the Registrant and Harvest Global Investments Limited, relating to the Harvest Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(xix) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 236 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000442 on June 24, 2014.
(d)(3)(xxii) Expense Limitation Agreement, dated February 23, 2016, between the Registrant and CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc., relating to the CIBC Atlas Disciplined Equity Fund, CIBC Atlas Income Opportunities Fund and CIBC Atlas Mid Cap Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(xix) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 261 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001069 on February 26, 2016.
(d)(3)(xxiii) Amended Schedule A, dated March 13, 2019, to the Expense Limitation Agreement, dated February 23, 2016, between the Registrant and CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc., relating to the CIBC Atlas International Growth Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(xx) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 312 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-009920 on May 31, 2019.
(d)(3)(xxiv) Expense Limitation Agreement, dated December 13, 2017, between the Registrant and CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc., relating to the CIBC Atlas All Cap Growth Fund and CIBC Atlas Equity Income Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(3)(xviii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 288 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-001113 on December 13, 2017.
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(d)(3)(xxv) Expense Limitation Agreement, effective as of July 3, 2013, between the Registrant and Fayez Sarofim & Co., relating to the Sarofim Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(75) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000386 on July 26, 2013.
(e)(1)(i) Distribution Agreement, dated November 14, 1991, as amended and restated November 14, 2005, between the Registrant and SEI Investments Distribution Co. (formerly, SEI Financial Services Company) is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (e)(1)(i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-15-000094 on February 27, 2015.
(e)(1)(ii) Amendment No. 1, effective as of August 30, 2010, to the Distribution Agreement, dated November 14, 1991, as amended and restated November 14, 2005, between the Registrant and SEI Investments Distribution Co. (formerly, SEI Financial Services Company), is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (e)(3) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 158 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-11-000517 on September 16, 2011.
(e)(1)(iii) Amendment No. 2, dated November 13, 2018, to the Distribution Agreement, dated November 14, 1991, as amended and restated November 14, 2005 and as amended August 30, 2010, between the Registrant and SEI Investments Distribution Co. (formerly, SEI Financial Services Company), is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (e)(1)(iii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 308 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-007375 on April 30, 2019.
(e)(2) Revised Form of Amended Sub-Distribution and Servicing Agreement for SEI Investments Distribution Co., dated October 2007, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (e)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement of The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund II (File No. 033-50718), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-08-000222 on May 30, 2008.
(f) Not applicable.
(g)(1)(i) Amended and Restated Custody Agreement, dated February 12, 2013, between the Registrant and U.S. Bank, National Association, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (g)(1)(i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000296 on April 30, 2014.
(g)(1)(ii) Amendment, dated November 6, 2013, to the Amended and Restated Custody Agreement dated February 12, 2013 between the Registrant and U.S. Bank, National Association, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (g)(1)(ii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000296 on April 30, 2014.
(g)(2)(i) Custodian Agreement, dated June 26, 2001, between the Registrant and MUFG Union Bank, N.A. (formerly, Union Bank of California, N.A.) is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (g)(2)(i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
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(g)(2)(ii) Amended Appendix B, dated November 21, 2017, to the Custodian Agreement, dated June 26, 2001, between the Registrant and MUFG Union Bank, N.A. (formerly, Union Bank of California, N.A.), is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (g)(2)(ii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 289 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-001158 on December 21, 2017.
(g)(3)(i) Custodian Agreement, dated November 25, 2014, between the Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (g)(3)(i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
(g)(3)(ii) Amendment, dated May 12, 2015, to the Custodian Agreement, dated November 25, 2014, between the Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (g)(3)(ii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
(g)(3)(iii) Amendment, dated November 6, 2015, to the Custodian Agreement, dated November 25, 2014, between the Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (g)(3)(iii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
(g)(3)(iv) Amendment, dated August 25, 2016, to the Custodian Agreement, dated November 25, 2014, between the Registrant and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (g)(3)(iv) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 272 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001815 on October 31, 2016.
(h)(1) Amended and Restated Administration Agreement, dated November 13, 2018, between the Registrant and SEI Investments Global Funds Services, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(1) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(h)(2)(i) Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated January 15, 2003, between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(62) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-03-000495 on August 28, 2003.
(h)(2)(ii) AML Delegation Amendment, dated May 20, 2003, to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated January 15, 2003, between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(65) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-03-000630 on December 29, 2003.
(h)(2)(iii) Amendment to and Assignment of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated March 8, 2018, between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(2)(iii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 294 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-006346 on April 30, 2018.
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(h)(2)(iv) Agency Agreement, dated April 1, 2006, between the Registrant and DST Systems, Inc., is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(7) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 190 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-12-000262 on May 23, 2012.
(h)(2)(v) Amendment, dated April 1, 2009, to the Agency Agreement, dated April 1, 2006, between the Registrant and DST Systems, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(2)(vi) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
(h)(2)(vi) Amended Fee Schedule, dated August 30, 2012, to the Agency Agreement, dated April 1, 2006, between the Registrant and DST Systems, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(10) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 193 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-12-000370 on August 22, 2012.
(h)(2)(vii) Amendment, dated November 13, 2013, to the Agency Agreement, dated April 1, 2006, between the Registrant and DST Systems, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(2)(viii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
(h)(2)(viii) Amendment No. 3, dated April 30, 2018, to the Agency Agreement, dated April 1, 2006, between the Registrant and DST Systems, Inc., is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(2)(viii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 297 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-012526 on August 27, 2018.
(h)(2)(ix) Amendment, dated [ ], to the Agency Agreement, dated April 1, 2006, between the Registrant and DST Systems, Inc., to be filed by amendment.
(h)(2)(x) Transfer Agency Services Agreement, dated November 14, 2012, between the Registrant and Atlantic Shareholder Services, LLC, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(2)(viii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 292 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-003073 on February 28, 2018.
(h)(2)(xi) Amendment, dated November 19, 2013, to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement, dated November 14, 2012, between the Registrant and Atlantic Shareholder Services, LLC, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(2)(ix) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 292 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-003073 on February 28, 2018.
(h)(3)(i) Shareholder Services Plan is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(3) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 261 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001069 on February 26, 2016.
(h)(3)(ii) Amended Exhibit A to the Shareholder Services Plan, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(3)(ii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 312 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-009920 on May 31, 2019.
(h)(3)(iii) Amended Exhibit A to the Shareholder Services Plan, to be filed by amendment.
(h)(4)(i) Securities Lending Agency Agreement, dated October 23, 2012, between the Registrant and Securities Lending Finance Trust Company, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(4)(i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 292 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-003073 on February 28, 2018.
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(h)(4)(ii) Securities Lending Authorization Agreement, dated November 3, 2014, between BNP Paribas, New York Branch and Edgewood Growth Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(4)(ii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 292 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-003073 on February 28, 2018.
(h)(4)(iii) First Amendment, dated February 3, 2015, to the Securities Lending Authorization Agreement, dated November 3, 2014, between BNP Paribas, acting through its New York Branch, and Edgewood Growth Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(4)(iii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 292 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-003073 on February 28, 2018.
(h)(4)(iv) Securities Lending Authorization Agreement, dated June 2, 2016, between BNP Paribas, acting through its New York Branch, and the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (h)(4)(iv) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 292 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-003073 on February 28, 2018.
(i) Opinion and Consent of Counsel, Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, is filed herewith.
(j) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Ernst & Young LLP, relating to the Westwood SmallCap Fund and Westwood Income Opportunity Fund, is filed herewith.
(k) Not Applicable.
(l) Not Applicable.
(m)(1)(i) Distribution Plan, dated August 8, 1994, as amended August 14, 2000, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (m) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0000950109-00-004829 on December 13, 2000.
(m)(1)(ii) Schedule A, as last amended September 3, 2019, to the Distribution Plan, dated August 8, 1994, as amended August 14, 2000, is filed herewith.
(n)(1) Registrant's Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan, dated February 21, 2007, including Schedules and Certificates of Class Designation thereto, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (n) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 229 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000099 on February 28, 2014.
(n)(2) Amended and Restated Schedule M and Certificates of Class Designation to the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan, dated February 21, 2007, relating to the LSV Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (n)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 297 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-012526 on August 27, 2018.
(n)(3) Amended and Restated Schedule B and Certificates of Class Designation to the Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan, dated February 21, 2007, relating to the Cambiar Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (n)(3) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 258 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-15-000632 on August 28, 2015.
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(n)(4) Amended and Restated Schedule D and Certificates of Class Designation to the Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan, dated February 21, 2007, relating to the Westwood Funds, is filed herewith.
(n)(5) Amended and Restated Schedule D and Certificates of Class Designation to the Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan, dated February 21, 2007, relating to the Westwood Funds, to be filed by amendment.
(n)(6) Schedule N and Certificates of Class Designation to the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan, dated February 21, 2007, relating to the Acadian Emerging Markets Portfolio, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (n)(5) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001670 on September 1, 2016.
(n)(7) Amended and Restated Schedule C and Certificates of Class Designation to the Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan, dated February 21, 2007, relating to the Edgewood Growth Fund, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (n)(6) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 274 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001948 on December 30, 2016.
(n)(8) Amended and Restated Schedule L and Certificates of Class Designation to the Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan, dated February 21, 2007, relating to the CIBC Atlas Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (n)(7) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 312 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-009920 on May 31, 2019.
(n)(9) Amended and Restated Schedule F and Certificates of Class Designation to the Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan, dated February 21, 2007, relating to the AlphaOne Funds, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (n)(8) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 289 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-001158 on December 21, 2017.
(o) Not Applicable.
(p)(1) Registrant's Code of Ethics, dated November 2007, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(1) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 100 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-07-000518 on November 15, 2007.
(p)(2) LSV Asset Management Revised Code of Ethics, dated November 29, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 292 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-003073 on February 28, 2018.
(p)(3) Cambiar Investors, LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated April 1, 2016, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(3) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 267 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001529 on August 26, 2016.
(p)(4) Investment Counselors of Maryland, LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated November 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(4) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 261 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001069 on February 26, 2016.
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(p)(5) C.S. McKee, L.P. Revised Code of Ethics, dated April 18, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(5) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 229 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000099 on February 28, 2014.
(p)(6) Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley, LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated December 5, 2016, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(6) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 277 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-000154 on February 28, 2017.
(p)(7) Haverford Investment Management, Inc. Revised Code of Ethics, dated April 2017, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(8) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 284 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-000729 on August 28, 2017.
(p)(8) Rice Hall James & Associates, LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated May 2019, is filed herewith.
(p)(9) Acadian Asset Management LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated January 2016, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(10) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 272 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001815 on October 31, 2016.
(p)(10) Westwood Management Corp. Revised Code of Ethics, dated July 27, 2016, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(11) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 275 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001950 on December 30, 2016.
(p)(11) Edgewood Management LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated October 29, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(11) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(p)(12) Sands Capital Management, LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated March 2017, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(13) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 284 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-000729 on August 28, 2017.
(p)(13) AlphaOne Investment Services, LLC Code of Ethics, dated May 1, 2011, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(20) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 158 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-11-000517 on September 16, 2011.
(p)(14) Loomis, Sayles & Company L.P. Revised Code of Ethics, dated April 18, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(14) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 301 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-18-018244 on December 20, 2018.
(p)(15) Hamlin Capital Management, LLC Revised Code of Ethics is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(19) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000296 on April 30, 2014.
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(p)(16) Thomson Horstmann & Bryant, Inc. Revised Code of Ethics is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(20) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 229 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-14-000099 on February 28, 2014.
(p)(17) SEI Investments Distribution Co. Code of Ethics, dated August 2, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(18) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(p)(18) Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. Code of Ethics is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(27) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 193 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-12-000370 on August 22, 2012.
(p)(19) Parametric Portfolio Associates® LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated January 30, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(20) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(p)(20) Harris Associates L.P. Revised Code of Ethics, dated September 21, 2016, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(23) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 274 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001948 on December 30, 2016.
(p)(21) Thornburg Investment Management Inc. Revised Code of Ethics, dated March 2017, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(23) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 284 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-000729 on August 28, 2017.
(p)(22) Marsico Capital Management, LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated October 25, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(23) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(p)(23) Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn LLC Revised Code of Ethics is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(26) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 261 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001069 on February 26, 2016.
(p)(24) Fairpointe Capital LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(27) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 261 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001069 on February 26, 2016.
(p)(25) Phocas Financial Corporation Code of Ethics is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(35) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 193 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-12-000370 on August 22, 2012.
(p)(26) Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated December 12, 2016, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(29) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 277 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-000154 on February 28, 2017.
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(p)(27) Driehaus Capital Management LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated June 15, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(30) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 261 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001069 on February 26, 2016.
(p)(28) ClariVest Asset Management LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated May 31, 2019, is filed herewith.
(p)(29) Harvest Global Investments Limited Revised Code of Ethics, dated October 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(36) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 263 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001304 on April 29, 2016.
(p)(30) CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc. Code of Ethics, dated March 31, 2010, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(46) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 221 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-13-000503 on September 4, 2013.
(p)(31) Fayez Sarofim & Co. Code of Ethics, dated October 27, 2014, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(38) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 255 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-15-000328 on April 30, 2015.
(p)(32) SEI Investments Global Funds Services Code of Ethics, dated January 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(33) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(p)(33) Numeric Investors LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated August 2014, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(40) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 261 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001069 on February 26, 2016.
(p)(34) Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated Code of Ethics, dated November 30, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(44) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 261 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001069 on February 26, 2016.
(p)(35) Franklin Advisers, Inc. Revised Code of Ethics, dated December 31, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(36) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 305 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-003603 on February 28, 2019.
(p)(36) Metropolitan West Asset Management LLC Code of Ethics is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(46) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
(p)(37) Prime Advisors, Inc. Code of Ethics is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(47) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-16-001507 on August 24, 2016.
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(p)(38) Villanova Investment Management Company LLC Code of Ethics is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (p)(46) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 289 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001135428-17-001158 on December 21, 2017.
(q)(1) Powers of Attorney for Ms. Betty L. Krikorian and Messrs. N. Jeffrey Klauder, Robert A. Nesher, George J. Sullivan, Jr., Mitchell A. Johnson, Bruce Speca, Joseph T. Grause, Jr., Michael Beattie and Stephen Connors are incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (q)(1) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 312 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-009920 on May 31, 2019.
(q)(2) Power of Attorney for Mr. Robert Mulhall is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (q)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 315 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-015772 on August 29, 2019.
(q)(3) Resolution adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Registrant on May 21, 2019 is incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (q)(3) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 315 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-42484), filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001398344-19-015772 on August 29, 2019.
ITEM 29. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT:
Not Applicable.
ITEM 30. INDEMNIFICATION:
Article VIII of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a) to the Registrant's Registration Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act") may be permitted to trustees, directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and, therefore, is unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by trustees, directors, officers or controlling persons of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any act, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustees, directors, officers or controlling persons in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issues.
ITEM 31. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF INVESTMENT ADVISERS:
The following lists any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each investment adviser, and each director, officer or partner of that investment adviser, is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner, or trustee. Unless noted below, none of the investment advisers, and/or director, officer or partner of each investment adviser, is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
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Acadian Asset Management LLC
Acadian Asset Management LLC (“Acadian”) serves as the investment adviser to the Acadian Emerging Markets Portfolio and as an investment sub-adviser to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of Acadian is 260 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. Acadian is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
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Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC
Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC (“AllianzGI US”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of AllianzGI US is 1633 Broadway, New York, New York 10019. AllianzGI US is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
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Erin Bengtson-Olivieri, Member, Executive Committee Allianz Global Investors U.S. Holdings LLC, Chief Financial Officer |
Allianz Global Investors Holdings LLC 1633 Broadway New York, NY 10019 |
Managing Director, Chief Financial Officer |
Allianz Global Investors Distributors LLC 1633 Broadway New York, NY 10019 |
Managing Director | |
Peter Bonanno, Member, Executive Committee Allianz Global Investors U.S. Holdings LLC |
Allianz Global Investors Holdings LLC 1633 Broadway New York, NY 10019 |
Managing Director, Chief Legal Officer, Secretary, Global General Counsel, Secretary - Executive Committee, Secretary - Operating Committee |
Allianz Global Investors Distributors LLC 1633 Broadway New York, NY 10019 |
Managing Director | |
Paul Koo, Chief Compliance Officer |
Allianz Global Investors Holdings LLC 1633 Broadway New York, NY 10019 |
Director, Head of U.S. Compliance |
Andreas Utermann, Chair, Global Executive Committee Allianz Global Investors |
Allianz Global Investors GmbH Bockenheimer Landstrasse 42-44 60323 Frankfurt Germany |
Managing Director, Global Chief Executive Officer, Global Chief Investment Officer |
Tokio Marine Rogge Asset Management Ltd 199 Bishopsgate London, England EC2M 3TY |
Director |
AlphaOne Investment Services, LLC
AlphaOne Investment Services, LLC (“AlphaOne”) serves as the investment adviser for the AlphaOne Small Cap Opportunities Fund, AlphaOne NextGen Technology Fund and AlphaOne VIMCO Small Cap Value Fund. The principal address of AlphaOne is 1000 Chesterbrook Blvd., Suite 100, Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312. AlphaOne is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Paul Hondros, President and CEO |
IntrustNet Insurance Services, LLC 1000 Chesterbrook Blvd., Suite 10 Berwyn, PA 19312
Magis Capital Partners, LLC 1000 Chesterbrook Blvd., Suite 100 Berwyn, PA 19312
Fiduciary Exchange 1000 Chesterbrook Blvd., 3rd floor Berwyn, PA 19312 |
Chairman
Founder
Chairman of the Board |
Donald O’Hara, COO and CCO |
Chesterbrook Capital, LLC
Villanova Investment Management Company, LLC
Silkworth Capital Partners, LLC
Reflection Asset Management, LLC |
CEO/CCO
COO/CCO
COO/CCO
COO/CCO |
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Cambiar Investors, LLC
Cambiar Investors, LLC (“Cambiar”) serves as the investment adviser to the Cambiar Opportunity Fund, the Cambiar International Equity Fund, the Cambiar Small Cap Fund, the Cambiar Global Ultra Focus Fund, the Cambiar SMID Fund, the Cambiar Global Equity Fund and the Cambiar International Small Cap Fund. The principal address of Cambiar is 200 Columbine Street, Suite 800, Denver, Colorado 80206. Cambiar is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of Cambiar engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc.
CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc. (“CIBC”) serves as the investment adviser for the CIBC Atlas Disciplined Equity Fund, CIBC Atlas Income Opportunities Fund, CIBC Atlas Mid Cap Equity Fund, CIBC Atlas All Cap Growth Fund, CIBC Atlas Equity Income Fund and CIBC Atlas International Growth Fund. The principal address of CIBC is One South Wacker Drive, Suite 3500, Chicago, Illinois 60606. CIBC is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
Name and Position with Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with Other Company |
Dan Brown, CFO |
CIBC World Markets Corp. 425 Lexington Ave. New York, NY 10017 |
Vice President Finance, US & Latin America |
Stephen Wade, Director |
CIBC World Markets Corp. 425 Lexington Avenue New York, NY 10017 |
Senior Vice President and Chief Risk Officer, USA |
Kevin Burns, Director |
CIBC Bancorp USA 120 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 |
Enterprise Risk Manager |
ClariVest Asset Management LLC
ClariVest Asset Management LLC (“ClariVest”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of ClariVest is 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92130. ClariVest is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
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Cornerstone Advisors, Inc.
Cornerstone Advisors, Inc. (“Cornerstone”) serves as the investment adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund and Cornerstone Advisors Core Plus Bond Fund. The principal address of Cornerstone is 225 108th Avenue NE, Suite 400, Bellevue, Washington 98004-5782. Cornerstone is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Greg Collins Director |
Parker Smith & Feek (PS&F) 2233 112th Ave NE Bellevue, WA 98004 |
President/CEO |
Overlake Medical Center | Board Chairman | |
Seattle Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce | Director | |
Montana State University | Board of Governors | |
Sue McNab Director |
Hedgebrook Whidbey Island, WA |
Director |
Lynne Herer Smith Director |
The Holocaust Center for Humanity | Director |
Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn LLC
Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn LLC (“CRM”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of CRM is 520 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor, New York, New York 10022. CRM is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of CRM engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
C.S. McKee, L.P.
C.S. McKee, L.P. (“C.S. McKee”) serves as the investment adviser to the McKee International Equity Portfolio. The principal address of C.S. McKee is One Gateway Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222. C.S. McKee is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
Driehaus Capital Management LLC
Driehaus Capital Management LLC (“Driehaus”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of Driehaus is 25 East Erie Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611-2703. Driehaus is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Richard H. Driehaus Chairman. Chief Investment Officer through 10/3/2017 |
Driehaus Capital Holdings LLLP* | Chairman |
Driehaus Mutual Funds** | Trustee until 10/12/2017 | |
Driehaus Securities LLC*** | Chairman. President & Chief Executive Officer from 3/6/2017-12/31/2017 |
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Robert H. Gordon President and Chief Executive Officer through 3/6/2017 |
Driehaus Capital Holdings LLLP* | President and Chief Executive Officer until 3/6/2017 |
Driehaus Mutual Funds** | President until 3/6/2017 | |
Driehaus Securities LLC*** | President and Chief Executive Officer until 3/6/2017 | |
Stephen J. Kneeley Interim President and Chief Executive Officer from 3/6/2017 to 1/1/2018. Named Permanent President and Chief Executive Officer on 1/1/2018 |
Driehaus Capital Holdings LLLP* |
Interim President and Chief Executive Officer from 3/6/2017 to 1/1/2018. Named Permanent President and Chief Executive Officer on 1/1/2018 |
Driehaus Mutual Funds** |
Interim President from 3/6/2017 to 1/1/2018. Named Permanent President on 1/1/2018 | |
Janet L. McWilliams General Counsel and Secretary |
Driehaus Capital Holdings LLLP* | Senior Vice President and Secretary |
Driehaus Mutual Funds** | Chief Legal Officer and Assistant Vice President | |
Driehaus Securities LLC*** | General Counsel and Secretary | |
Michelle L. Cahoon Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer through 1/7/2019 |
Driehaus Capital Holdings LLLP* | Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer until 1/7/2019 |
Driehaus Mutual Funds** | Vice President and Treasurer until 1/7/2019 | |
Driehaus Securities LLC*** | Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer until 1/7/2019 | |
Robert Kurinsky Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer effective 1/7/2019 |
Driehaus Capital Holdings LLLP* | Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer effective 1/7/2019 |
Driehaus Mutual Funds** | Vice President and Treasurer effective 1/7/2019 | |
Driehaus Securities LLC*** | Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer effective 1/7/2019 | |
Stephen T. Weber Director of Sales and Relationship Management |
Driehaus Securities LLC*** | President and Chief Executive Officer effective 1/1/2018 |
Thomas M. Seftenberg Director of Relationship Management and Marketing |
Driehaus Securities LLC*** | Director of Relationship Management and Marketing |
Michael R. Shoemaker Assistant Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer |
Driehaus Mutual Funds** |
Chief Compliance Officer, Assistant Vice President and since 10/15/2018, Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer |
Driehaus Securities LLC*** | Assistant Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer |
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Michael P. Kailus Assistant Secretary through 10/15/2018 |
Driehaus Mutual Funds** | Assistant Secretary and Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer until 10/15/2018 |
Driehaus Securities LLC*** | Assistant Secretary until 10/15/2018 | |
Christina Jacobs Assistant Secretary effective 1/7/2019 |
Driehaus Mutual Funds** | Assistant Secretary effective 1/7/2019 |
Driehaus Securities LLC*** | Assistant Secretary effective 1/7/2019 |
* | Driehaus Capital Holdings LLLP, located at 25 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL 60611, is a holding company and is the majority owner of Driehaus Capital Management LLC and Driehaus Securities LLC. |
** | Driehaus Mutual Funds, located at 25 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL 60611, is an open-end management investment company registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940. |
*** | Driehaus Securities LLC, located at 25 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL 60611, is a limited-purpose broker-dealer registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. |
Edgewood Management LLC
Edgewood Management LLC (“Edgewood”) serves as the investment adviser to the Edgewood Growth Fund. The principal address of Edgewood is 535 Madison Avenue, 15th Floor, New York, New York 10022. Edgewood is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of Edgewood engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Fairpointe Capital LLC
Fairpointe Capital LLC (“Fairpointe”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of Fairpointe is One North Franklin Street, Suite 3300, Chicago, Illinois 60606-2401. Fairpointe is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of Fairpointe engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Fayez Sarofim & Co.
Fayez Sarofim & Co. (“Fayez Sarofim”) serves as the investment adviser for the Sarofim Equity Fund. The principal address of Fayez Sarofim is 2907 Two Houston Center, 909 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77010. Fayez Sarofim is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018.
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Fayez Sarofim Chairman, Co-Chief Investment Officer and Director (2015) |
Sarofim Trust Co. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Chairman |
Sarofim Realty Advisors Co.
8115 Preston Road
|
Chairman and Director | |
Sarofim International Management Company Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer and Director | |
The Sarofim Group, Inc. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director | |
Kinder Morgan, Inc. 500 Dallas
Suite 1000
|
Director | |
Christopher B. Sarofim Vice Chairman |
Kemper Corporation One East Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60601 |
Director |
Sarofim Trust Co. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice Chairman | |
Sarofim International Management Company Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice Chairman and President | |
The Sarofim Group, Inc. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Director, Vice Chairman | |
Raye G. White Executive Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Compliance Officer and Director |
Sarofim Trust Co. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
President, Chief Executive Officer, Treasurer and Director |
Sarofim International Management Company Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Executive Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer and Director | |
Sarofim Realty Advisors Co.
8115 Preston Road
|
Secretary, Treasurer and Director | |
The Sarofim Group, Inc. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Executive Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer and Director |
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John S. Rouse Vice President and General Counsel |
Sarofim Trust Co. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President and General Counsel |
Sarofim International Management Company Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President and General Counsel | |
The Sarofim Group, Inc. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President and General Counsel | |
John Colucci IV Vice President – Trading and Operations |
Sarofim Trust Co. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President – Trading and Operations |
Sarofim International Management Company Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President – Trading and Operations | |
The Sarofim Group, Inc. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President | |
Alan R. Christensen, CFA President and Head of Investment Risk |
Sarofim Trust Co. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President |
Sarofim International Management Company Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President | |
The Sarofim Group, Inc. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President | |
Daniel S. Crumrine Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Deputy Chief Compliance Officer |
Sarofim Trust Co. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Director |
Sarofim Realty Advisors Co.
8115 Preston Road
|
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | |
Sarofim International Management Company Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | |
The Sarofim Group, Inc. Two Houston Center Suite 2907 Houston, TX 77010 |
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
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Franklin Advisers, Inc.
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (“Franklin Advisers”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Core Plus Bond Fund. The principal address of Franklin Advisers is One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, California 94403. Franklin Advisers is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of Franklin Advisers engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Hamlin Capital Management, LLC
Hamlin Capital Management, LLC (“Hamlin”) serves as the investment adviser for the Hamlin High Dividend Equity Fund. The principal address of Hamlin is 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10019. Hamlin is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018.
Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Mark Stitzer – Managing Partner |
Hamlin Capital Advisors, LLC 5550 West Executive Drive, Suite 540 Tampa, FL 33609 |
Owner |
Branchville Persistence, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner | |
Hamlin-Crest GP, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner | |
Joseph Bridy – Senior Partner & Fixed Income Portfolio Manager |
Hamlin Capital Advisors, LLC 5550 West Executive Drive, Suite 540 Tampa, FL 33609 |
Owner |
Branchville Persistence, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner | |
Hamlin-Crest GP, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner | |
Chris D’Agnes – Senior Partner & Equity Portfolio Manager |
Hamlin Capital Advisors, LLC 5550 West Executive Drive, Suite 540 Tampa, FL 33609 |
Owner |
Hamlin-Crest GP, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner | |
Charlie Garland – Senior Partner and Equity Portfolio Manager |
Hamlin Capital Advisors, LLC 5550 West Executive Drive, Suite 540 Tampa, FL 33609 |
Owner |
Hamlin-Crest GP, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner |
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Deborah Finegan – Senior Partner & Chief Operating Officer |
Hamlin Capital Advisors, LLC 5550 West Executive Drive, Suite 540 Tampa, FL 33609 |
Owner |
Branchville Persistence, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner | |
Hamlin-Crest GP, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner | |
Benjamin Kaufman – Partner & Senior Bond Analyst |
Hamlin-Crest GP, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner |
Parker Stitzer – Partner & Senior Bond Analyst |
Hamlin-Crest GP, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner |
Michael Tang – Partner & Senior Equity Analyst |
Hamlin-Crest GP, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
Owner |
Harris Associates L.P.
Harris Associates L.P. (“Harris”) is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Harris serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The directors and executive officers of Harris, or Harris Associates, Inc. (“HAI”), its general partner, have had as their sole business, profession, vocation or employment during the past two years only their duties as executive officers/employees of Harris; Harris’ ultimate parent company, Natixis Investment Managers; HAI; Harris Associates Investment Trust (“HAIT”), a U.S. registered investment company consisting of the seven Oakmark Funds for which Harris serves as the advisor and sponsor; and/or Harris Associates Securities L.P. (“HASLP”), an affiliated limited-purpose broker-dealer of which Harris is a limited partner. The business address of Harris, HAI, HAIT and HASLP is 111 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 4600, Chicago, Illinois 60606. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Kristi L. Rowsell President |
HAI | Director and President |
HAIT | Trustee and President | |
HASLP | President | |
Zachary Weber Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer |
HAI | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer |
HAIT | Vice President, Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer | |
HASLP | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | |
David G. Herro Deputy Chairman, Chief Investment Officer, International Equity, Portfolio Manager and Analyst |
HAI
|
Director, Deputy Chairman, since 2015, and Chief Investment Officer, International Equity |
HAIT | Vice President and Portfolio Manager (Oakmark Global Fund, Oakmark Global Select Fund, Oakmark International Fund and Oakmark International Small Cap Fund) |
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Anthony P. Coniaris Co-Chairman, Portfolio Manager and Analyst |
HAI |
Director, Co-Chairman, since 2016 |
HAIT | Executive Vice President and Portfolio Manager (Oakmark Select Fund, Oakmark Global Fund, Oakmark Global Select Fund) | |
Kevin G. Grant Co-Chairman, Portfolio Manager and Analyst |
HAI |
Director, Co-Chairman, since 2016 |
HAIT | Executive Vice President and Portfolio Manager (Oakmark Fund) | |
Colin P. McFarland Chief Compliance Officer |
HAI | Chief Compliance Officer |
Clyde S. McGregor Vice President and Portfolio Manager |
HAI | Vice President |
HAIT | Vice President and Portfolio Manager (Oakmark Equity and Income Fund and Oakmark Global Fund) | |
Thomas W. Murray Vice President, Director of U.S. Research, Portfolio Manager and Analyst |
HAI | Vice President and Director of U.S. Research |
HAIT | Vice President and Portfolio Manager (Oakmark Select Fund) | |
William C. Nygren Vice President, Chief Investment Officer, U.S. Equity, Portfolio Manager and Analyst |
HAI | Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, U.S. Equity, since 2017 |
HAIT | Vice President and Portfolio Manager (Oakmark Fund, Oakmark Select Fund and Oakmark Global Select Fund) | |
Justin D. Hance
Vice President, Director of International Research, since 2016, Portfolio Manager and Analyst |
HAI | Vice President and Director of International Research |
HAIT | Vice President and Portfolio Manager (Oakmark International Small Cap Fund) | |
Michael L. Manelli Vice President, Portfolio Manager and Analyst |
HAI | Vice President |
HAIT | Vice President and Portfolio Manager (Oakmark International Fund, Oakmark International Small Cap Fund) | |
M. Colin Hudson, Vice President, Portfolio Manager and Analyst | HAI | Vice President |
HAIT | Vice President and Portfolio Manager (Oakmark Equity and Income Fund) |
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Christopher W. Keller, Chief Operating Officer | HAI | Chief Operating Officer |
HASLP | Chief Operating Officer | |
HAIT | Vice President | |
Jason E. Long Vice President, Portfolio Manager and Analyst |
HAI | Vice President |
HAIT | Vice President andPortfolio Manager (Oakmark Global Fund) | |
Eric Liu Vice President, Portfolio Manager and Analyst |
HAI | Vice President since 2019 |
HAIT | Vice President and Portfolio Manager (Oakmark Global Select Fund) | |
Rana J. Wright | HAI |
Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since 2018 |
HASLP |
Vice President, General Counsel Anti-Money Laundering Officer and Secretary since 2018 |
|
HAIT | Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer since 2018 | |
Michael J. Pietras Chief Compliance Officer (HASLP) |
HASLP | Chief Compliance Officer |
Jean Raby | HAI | Director since 2017 |
Natixis Investment Managers 21 quai d’Austerlitz 75013 Paris, France |
Chief Executive Officer | |
David Giunta | HAI | Director since 2017 |
Natixis Investment Managers, L.P. 888 Boylston Street Boston, MA 02199 |
President and CEO, Natixis Investment Managers, L.P. | |
Beverly M. Bearden | HAI | Director since 2017 |
Natixis Investment Managers, L.P. 888 Boylston Street Boston, MA 02199 |
Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Head of Human Resources, Natixis Investment Managers |
Harvest Global Investments Limited
Harvest Global Investments Limited (“Harvest”) serves as the investment adviser for the Harvest Funds China All Assets and the Harvest Asian Bond Fund. The principal address of Harvest is 31/F One Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Central Hong Kong. Harvest is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018.
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Shanghai Jiashi New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 2289, Room 14C, No.309 Tanggu Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China |
Director | |
Shanghai Ample Financial Services (Group) Co., Ltd. No.14, Lane 1502, Luoshan Road, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, China |
Director | |
Harvest Real Estate Investments (Cayman) Limited 190 Elgin Avenue, George Town Grand Cayman KY1-9005, Cayman Islands |
Director | |
Harvest Real Estate Investment (HK) Limited 31/F, One Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Central, Hong Kong |
Director | |
Harvest Capital International (Cayman) Limited 190 Elgin Avenue, George Town Grand Cayman KY1-9005 Cayman Islands |
Director | |
Harvest Capital International (Hong Kong) Limited 701, 7/F, Tower 2, Silvercord, 30 Canton Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong |
Director | |
igoldenbeta Network Technology (Cayman) Limited 190 Elgin Avenue, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9005, Cayman Islands |
Director | |
Jing Lei Director (appointed on April 16, 2018) |
Harvest Fund Management Co. Limited 16/F, China Resources Building, No.8, Jianguomen Beidajie, Beijing, China |
Director |
Harvest Capital Management Co Limited 8/F, China Resources Building, No.8, Jianguomen Beidajie, Beijing, China |
Director |
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Wang Wei Director |
Harvest Capital Management Co Limited 8/F, China Resources Building, No.8, Jianguomen Beidajie, Beijing |
Chief Compliance Officer, Director |
iGoldenBeta Financial Technology Co., Ltd. 1405 Building 2, Complex A, Kexing Science Park, 15 Keyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China |
Director | |
Harvest Investments Management Co., Ltd. 8/F, China Resources Building, No.8, Jianguomen Beidajie, Beijing, China |
Director | |
Harvest Technology Investments Management Co., Ltd. Room 602, Building 20, No. 481, Guiping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China |
Director | |
Jialong (Jiaxing) Investment Management Co., Ltd. Room 560-84, Floor 5, Building 2, Lianchuang Building, No. 883, Guangyi Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing city, Zhejiang Province, China |
Director | |
Harvest Alternative Investment Group Limited Offshore Incorporations Centre, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands |
Director | |
Harvest Global Capital Investments Limited 31/F, One Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Central, Hong Kong |
Director | |
Harvest Capital International (Cayman) Limited 190 Elgin Avenue, George Town Grand Cayman KY1-9005 Cayman Islands |
Director | |
Harvest Capital International (Hong Kong) Limited 701, 7/F, Tower 2, Silvercord, 30 Canton Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong |
Director |
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Sun Chen Director |
Harvest USA Incorporation 160 Greentree Drive, Suite 101, City of Dover 19904, Country of Kent, State of Delaware |
Director |
HGI (USA) Investments LLC 708 Third Avenue Sixth Floor New York, NY 10017 |
Director | |
HGI (USA) LLC 708 Third Avenue Sixth Floor New York, NY 10017 |
Director | |
Harvest Global Investments (UK) Limited 5th Floor, 6 St. Andrew Street, London, EC4A 3AE |
Director | |
Harvest Global Capital Investments Limited 31/F, One Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Central, Hong Kong | Director | |
Harvest Alternative Investment Group Limited Commerce House, Wickhams Cay 1, P.O. Box 3140, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands |
Director | |
Kerry Chow Employee |
Harvest USA Incorporation 160 Greentree Drive, Suite 101, City of Dover 19904, Country of Kent, State of Delaware. |
Director |
HGI (USA) Investments LLC 708 Third Avenue Sixth Floor New York, NY 10017 |
Director | |
HGI (USA) LLC 708 Third Avenue Sixth Floor New York, NY 10017 |
Director | |
Harvest Global Investments (UK) Limited 5th Floor, 6 St. Andrew Street, London, EC4A 3AE |
Director | |
David Tong Employee |
Harvest USA Incorporation 160 Greentree Drive, Suite 101, City of Dover 19904, Country of Kent, State of Delaware. |
Director |
HGI (USA) Investments LLC 708 Third Avenue Sixth Floor New York, NY 10017 |
Director | |
HGI (USA) LLC 708 Third Avenue Sixth Floor New York, NY 10017 |
Director |
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Thomas Kwan Director |
DKJ Company Limited Flat E, 11/F, Block 4, Nam Fu Estate, Quarry Bay, HK |
Director |
Micro Eco Farm (HK) Limited Rm A5, 3/F, On Tat Ind Bldg, No 3-5 Pat Tat St, Kowloon, HK |
Director | |
HARVEST FUNDS (CAYMAN) SPC Cayman Corporate Centre, 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9008, Cayman Islands |
Director | |
HARVEST ALTERNATIVE FUNDS (CAYMAN) SPC Cayman Corporate Centre, 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9008, Cayman Islands |
Director | |
HARVEST STAR INVESTMENTS Cayman Corporate Centre, 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9008, Cayman Islands |
Director |
Haverford Financial Services, Inc.
Haverford Financial Services, Inc. (“Haverford”) serves as the investment adviser for the Haverford Quality Growth Stock Fund. The principal address of Haverford is Three Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450, Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087-4546. Haverford is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
George W. Connell Vice Chairman & Owner |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice Chairman & Indirect Owner |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice Chairman & Indirect Owner
|
|
Drexel Morgan & Co. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
CEO, President & Owner |
|
Drexel Morgan Capital Advisers, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 305 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Director, Indirect Owner | |
Red Wing Management II, LLC 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 305 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Indirect Owner |
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Joseph J. McLaughlin Chairman, CEO & President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Chairman & CEO |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative | |
Binney H. C. Wietlisbach Executive Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
President, Director & Secretary |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
CEO & President | |
Henry B. Smith Vice President and CIO |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President, Co-Chief Investment Officer & Director |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative | |
Drexel Morgan & Co. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Advisory Board Member | |
David Brune Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative | |
John H. Donaldson Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Timothy A. Hoyle Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President & Co-Chief Investment Officer |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative |
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Jeffrey M. Bagley Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
MarieElena V. Ness Chief Compliance Officer |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
VP & Chief Compliance Officer |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
VP & Chief Compliance Officer |
|
Drexel Morgan & Co. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
VP & Chief Compliance Officer |
|
Regulatory Compliance Assistance, LLC |
Sole Member | |
Paul S. Rovner Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
VP, CFO, & Assistant Secretary |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
VP & CFO | |
Drexel Morgan & Co. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
VP & Secretary | |
Drexel Morgan Capital Advisers, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 305 Radnor, PA 19087 |
VP & CFO | |
John M. Derderian Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Secretary, Treasurer, Registered Principal |
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
T. Keith Eby Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative | |
Diane E. Goldstein Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Lydia C. Holiat Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative | |
Charles L. Homer Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Drexel Morgan & Co. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Marketing | |
Seth D. Horwitz Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative | |
Thomas J. Lynch Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative | |
Anne E. Mangini Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Drexel Morgan & Co. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Marketing |
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
David C. Peppard Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative | |
Patrice M. Shute Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative | |
Robert F. Stiles Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Representative | |
John S. Supplee Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President & Chief Operating Officer |
Haverford Trust Securities, Inc. 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Registered Principal | |
Christine E. Walker Vice President |
The Haverford Trust Company 3 Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450 Radnor, PA 19087 |
Vice President |
Investment Counselors of Maryland, LLC
Investment Counselors of Maryland, LLC (“ICM”) serves as the investment adviser to the ICM Small Company Portfolio. The principal address of ICM is 300 East Lombard Street, Suite 810, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. ICM is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of ICM engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
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Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P.
Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. (“Loomis Sayles”) serves as the investment adviser to the Loomis Sayles Full Discretion Institutional Securitized Fund and as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Core Plus Bond Fund. The address of Loomis Sayles is One Financial Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111-2621. Loomis Sayles is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
John T. Hailer Formerly Director (2008 to 2017) |
Natixis Investment Managers 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
President and CEO, US & Asia (2007 to 2017) |
Kevin P. Charleston Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President and Director |
Loomis Sayles Funds I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |
Loomis Sayles Funds II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Natixis Funds Trust I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Natixis Funds Trust II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Natixis Funds Trust IV 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Natixis ETF Trust 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Gateway Trust 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee | |
Loomis Sayles Distributors, Inc. One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Director | |
Loomis Sayles Investments Limited The Economist Plaza, 25 St. James’s Street, London, England SW1A 1 HA |
Executive Vice President | |
Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Manager and President | |
Loomis Sayles Investments Asia Pte. Ltd. 10 Collyer Quay #14-06, Ocean Financial Centre, Singapore 049315 |
Director and Chairman of the Board of Directors |
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
John F. Gallagher III Executive Vice President and Director |
Loomis Sayles Distributors, Inc. One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
President |
Loomis Sayles Distributors, L.P. One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
President | |
Loomis Sayles Investments Asia Pte. Ltd. 10 Collyer Quay #14-06, Ocean Financial Centre, Singapore 049315 |
Director | |
Jean S. Loewenberg Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Secretary and Director |
Loomis Sayles Distributors, Inc. One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Director |
Loomis Sayles Investments Limited The Economist Plaza, 25 St. James’s Street, London, England SW1A 1 HA |
General Counsel and Secretary | |
Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Manager and Secretary | |
Loomis Sayles Investments Asia Pte. Ltd. 10 Collyer Quay #14-06, Ocean Financial Centre, Singapore 049315 |
Director | |
John R. Gidman Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Director |
Loomis Sayles Solutions, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
President |
Jaehoon Park, Executive Vice President, Chief Investment Officer and Director |
Loomis Sayles Investments Asia Pte. Ltd. 10 Collyer Quay #14-06, Ocean Financial Centre, Singapore 049315 |
Director |
Jean Raby Director |
Natixis Investment Managers 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Chief Executive Officer |
Paul J. Sherba Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director |
Loomis Sayles Distributors, Inc. One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Vice President and Treasurer |
Loomis Sayles Distributors, L.P. One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Vice President and Treasurer | |
Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Manager and Chief Financial Officer | |
Loomis Sayles Investments Asia Pte. Ltd. 10 Collyer Quay #14-06, Ocean Financial Centre, Singapore 049315 |
Director | |
Loomis Sayles Investments Limited The Economist Plaza, 25 St. James’s Street, London, England SW1A 1 HA |
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | |
Pierre P. Servant Formerly Director (2007 to 2017) |
Natixis Investment Managers 21 quai d’Austerlitz, 75634 Paris cedex 13 - France | CEO and Member of the Executive Board (2007 to 2017) |
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LSV Asset Management
LSV Asset Management (“LSV”) serves as the investment adviser to the LSV Value Equity Fund, LSV Conservative Value Equity Fund, LSV Small Cap Value Fund, LSV Global Value Fund, LSV U.S. Managed Volatility Fund, LSV Global Managed Volatility Fund and LSV Emerging Markets Equity Fund. LSV also serves as an investment sub-adviser to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The address of LSV is 155 North Wacker Drive, Suite 4600, Chicago, Illinois 60606. LSV is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of LSV engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Marsico Capital Management, LLC
Marsico Capital Management, LLC (“Marsico”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of Marsico is 1200 17th Street, Suite 1600, Denver, Colorado 80202. Marsico is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of Marsico engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Metropolitan West Asset Management LLC
Metropolitan West Asset Management LLC (“MetWest”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Core Plus Bond Fund. The principal address of MetWest is 865 S. Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017. MetWest is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
The principal business address of The TCW Group, Inc. (the “Group”), TCW Investment Management Company LLC (“TIMCO”), TCW Asset Management Company LLC (“TAMCO”), TCW LLC and Trust Company of the West is 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017.
Name and Position with
|
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Tad Rivelle Chief Investment Officer – Fixed Income, Group Managing Director |
TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
Group Managing Director, Chief Investment Officer - Fixed Income (TIMCO, TAMCO, and TCW LLC) |
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Laird Landmann President |
The TCW Group, Inc., TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
Group Managing Director (TIMCO, TAMCO, TCW LLC, Group) |
David Lippman Chief Executive Officer |
The TCW Group, Inc., TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
President and Chief Executive Officer (TAMCO, TIMCO, TCW LLC, Group) |
Stephen Kane Group Managing Director |
TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
Group Managing Director (TAMCO, TIMCO, TCW LLC) |
Bryan T. Whalen Group Managing Director |
TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
Group Managing Director (TAMCO, TIMCO, TCW LLC) |
Patrick A. Moore Group Managing Director |
TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
Group Managing Director (TAMCO, TIMCO, TCW LLC) |
Cal Rivelle Group Managing Director |
The TCW Group, Inc., TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
Group Managing Director (TAMCO, TIMCO, TCW LLC); Group Managing Director of Investment Technology (Group) |
Joseph Carieri Group Managing Director |
TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
Group Managing Director (TAMCO, TIMCO, TCW LLC) |
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David DeVito Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer |
The TCW Group, Inc., TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer (TAMCO, TIMCO, TCW LLC, Group) |
Jeffrey Engelsman Global Chief Compliance Officer, Managing Director |
The TCW Group, Inc., TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
Global Chief Compliance Officer, Managing Director (TAMCO, TIMCO, TCW LLC), Global Chief Compliance Officer (Group) |
Meredith Jackson Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Secretary |
The TCW Group, Inc., TCW Investment Management Company LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC and TCW LLC 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017 |
Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Secretary (TAMCO, TIMCO, TCW LLC, Group) |
Numeric Investors LLC
Numeric Investors LLC (“Numeric”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of Numeric is 200 Pier 4 Boulevard, 5th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. Numeric is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Gregory Bond, Director of Research |
Numeric Holdings LLC 200 Pier 4 Boulevard, 5th Floor Boston, MA 02210 |
Member of Board of Managers |
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Eric Burl, Manager (Numeric Holdings LLC) |
Numeric Holdings LLC 200 Pier 4 Boulevard, 5th Floor Boston, MA 02210 |
Member of Board of Managers |
Man Group plc Riverbank House 2 Swan Lane London EC4R 3AD United Kingdom |
Global Co-Head of Sales and Marketing, Head of Americas and Executive Committee Member | |
Man Global Private Markets (USA) Inc. 6836 Morrison Boulevard, Suite 430 Charlotte, NC 28211 |
Director and President |
|
Silvermine Capital Management LLC 281 Tresser Boulevard, Suite 1102 Stamford, CT 06901 |
President | |
Man Investments Inc. 452 Fifth Avenue, 27th Floor New York, NY 10018 |
Director and President |
|
GLG LLC 452 Fifth Avenue, 27th Floor New York, NY 10018 |
President |
|
Managed Funds Association 600 14th Street, N.W., Suite 900 Washington, DC 20005 |
Director | |
Robert Furdak, co-Chief Investment Officer |
Man Group plc Riverbank House 2 Swan Lane London EC4R 3AD United Kingdom |
Executive Committee Member |
David Gallias, Treasurer |
Man Global Private Markets (USA) Inc. 6836 Morrison Boulevard, Suite 430 Charlotte, NC 28211 |
Treasurer |
FRM Investment Management (USA) LLC 452 Fifth Avenue, 26th Floor New York, NY 10018 |
Treasurer | |
GLG LLC 452 Fifth Avenue, 27th Floor New York, NY 10018 |
Treasurer |
|
Man Investments Inc. 452 Fifth Avenue, 27th Floor New York, NY 10018 |
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, FINOP and Controller |
|
Silvermine Capital Management LLC 281 Tresser Boulevard, Suite 1102 Stamford, CT 06901 |
Treasurer |
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Richard Hanna, Chief Financial Officer and Vice President |
FRM Investment Management (USA) LLC 452 Fifth Avenue, 26th Floor New York, NY 10018 |
Vice President |
GLG LLC 452 Fifth Avenue, 27th Floor New York, NY 10018 |
Vice President | |
Silvermine Capital Management LLC 281 Tresser Boulevard, Suite 1102 Stamford, CT 06901 |
Vice President | |
Man Global Private Markets (USA) Inc. 6836 Morrison Boulevard, Suite 430 Charlotte, NC 28211 |
Director and Vice President | |
Michael Kasper, Manager (Numeric Holdings LLC) |
Numeric Holdings LLC 200 Pier 4 Boulevard, 5th Floor Boston, MA 02210 |
Member of Board of Managers |
Man Global Private Markets (UK) Limited Riverbank House 2 Swan Lane London EC4R 3AD United Kingdom |
Director | |
Man Group plc Riverbank House 2 Swan Lane London EC4R 3AD United Kingdom |
Head of Corporate Development and Group Treasurer | |
Solomon Kuckelman, Secretary |
GLG LLC 452 Fifth Avenue, 27th Floor New York, NY 10018 |
Secretary |
Man Investments Inc. 452 Fifth Avenue, 27th Floor New York, NY 10018 |
Secretary and Legal Officer | |
FRM Investment Management (USA) LLC 452 Fifth Avenue, 26th Floor New York, NY 10018 |
Secretary | |
Man Group plc Riverbank House 2 Swan Lane London EC4R 3AD United Kingdom |
Executive Committee Member | |
Man Global Private Markets (USA) Inc. 6836 Morrison Boulevard, Suite 430 Charlotte, NC 28211 |
Director and Secretary |
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Shanta Puchtler, Chief Executive Officer and President |
Numeric Holdings LLC 200 Pier 4 Boulevard, 5th Floor Boston, MA 02210 |
Member of Board of Managers |
Man Group plc Riverbank House 2 Swan Lane London EC4R 3AD United Kingdom |
Executive Committee Member | |
Sandy Rattray, Manager (Numeric Holdings LLC) |
Numeric Holdings LLC 200 Pier 4 Boulevard, 5th Floor Boston, MA 02210 |
Chairman and Member of Board of Managers |
AHL Partners LLP Riverbank House 2 Swan Lane London EC4R 3AD United Kingdom |
Restricted Member | |
Man Group plc Riverbank House 2 Swan Lane London EC4R 3AD United Kingdom |
Chief Investment Officer and Executive Committee Member | |
Christopher Ancona, Chief Compliance Officer |
Chesapeake Partners Management Co., Inc. and CP Management, LLC 2800 Quarry Lake Drive, Suite 300 Baltimore, MD 21209 |
Chief Compliance Officer and General Counsel (through December 2016) |
Parametric Portfolio Associates® LLC
Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (“Parametric”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of Parametric is 1918 Eighth Avenue, Suite 3100, Seattle, Washington 98101. Parametric is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Brian Langstraat, Chief Executive Officer |
Eaton Vance Corp. Two International Place Boston, MA 02110 |
Board of Directors |
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Phocas Financial Corporation
Phocas Financial Corporation (“Phocas”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of Phocas is 980 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 106, Alameda, California 94501-1001. Phocas is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of Phocas engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Prime Advisors, Inc.
Prime Advisors, Inc. (“Prime”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Core Plus Bond Fund. The principal address of Prime is 22635 NE Marketplace Drive, Redmond, Washington 98053. Prime is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of Prime engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Rice Hall James & Associates, LLC
Rice Hall James & Associates, LLC (“Rice Hall James”) serves as the investment adviser to the Rice Hall James Micro Cap Portfolio and Rice Hall James Small Cap Portfolio. The principal address of Rice Hall James is 600 West Broadway, Suite 1000, San Diego, California 92101-3383. Rice Hall James is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of Rice Hall James engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated
Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated (“Baird”) serves as an investment sub-adviser for the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of Baird is 777 East Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202. Baird is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
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Terrance P. Maxwell Chief Financial Officer |
Investors Real Estate Trust 1400 31st Avenue SW P.O. Box 1988 Minot, North Dakota 58702 |
Trustee |
Greenhouse Funds GP LLC and Greenhouse GP LLC 2711 Centerville Road Wilmington, Delaware 19808 |
Board of Managers | |
Patrick S. Lawton Director |
Waterstone Financial, Inc. 11200 West Plank Court Wauwatosa, Wisconsin 53226 |
Director |
BMO Harris Bradley Center 1001 North 4th Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203 |
Director | |
Michael J. Schroeder Director |
RiverFront Investment Holding Group, LLC 1214 East Cary Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 |
Director |
Sanitas Brewing Company 1860 38th Street Boulder, Colorado 80302 |
Director | |
William Mahler Director |
Greenhouse Funds GP LLC and Greenhouse GP LLC 2711 Centerville Road Wilmington, Delaware 19808 |
Board of Managers |
Sands Capital Management, LLC
Sands Capital Management, LLC (“Sands Capital”) serves as the investment adviser to the Sands Capital Global Growth Fund. The principal address of Sands Capital is 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 3000, Arlington, Virginia 22209. Sands Capital is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
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Thomson Horstmann & Bryant, Inc.
Thomson Horstmann & Bryant, Inc. (“THB”) serves as the investment adviser for the THB Asset Management MicroCap Fund. The principal address of THB is 501 Merritt 7, Norwalk, Connecticut 06851. THB is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of Thomson Horstmann & Bryant, Inc. engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC
Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC (“TSW”) serves as the investment adviser to the TS&W Equity Portfolio. The principal address of TSW is 6641 W. Broad Street, Suite 600, Richmond, Virginia 23230. TSW is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018, no director, officer or partner of TSW engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Thornburg Investment Management, Inc.
Thornburg Investment Management, Inc. (“TIM”) serves as an investment sub-adviser to the Cornerstone Advisors Global Public Equity Fund. The principal address of TIM is 2300 North Ridgetop Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87506. TIM is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Garrett Thornburg, Chairman |
Thornburg Securities Corporation,1 2300 North Ridgetop Road Santa Fe, NM 87506 |
Chairman |
Thornburg Investment Trust, 2300 North Ridgetop Road Santa Fe NM, 87506 |
Chairman |
1 | In addition to Thornburg Securities Corporation, Garrett Thornburg maintains controlling beneficial interests in certain non-investment related entities and non-operating entities established for estate planning or investment purposes. |
Villanova Investment Management Company LLC
Villanova Investment Management Company LLC (“VIMCO”) serves as investment sub-adviser to the AlphaOne VIMCO Small Cap Value Fund. The principal address of VIMCO is 1000 Chesterbrook Blvd., Suite 100, Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312. VIMCO is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
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Westwood Management Corp.
Westwood Management Corp. (“Westwood”) serves as the investment adviser for the Westwood Large Cap Value Fund, Westwood Low Volatility Equity Fund, Westwood SMidCap Plus Fund, Westwood SMidCap Fund, Westwood SmallCap Fund, Westwood Income Opportunity Fund, Westwood Emerging Markets Fund, Westwood Short Duration High Yield Fund, Westwood Market Neutral Income Fund, Westwood Strategic Convertibles Fund, Westwood Emerging Markets Plus Fund and Westwood Flexible Income Fund. The principal address of Westwood is 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200, Dallas, Texas 75201. Westwood is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The information listed below is for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2017 and 2018.
Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Brian Casey President and Chief Executive Officer and Director |
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.* (NYSE: WHG) 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director |
Westwood Trust** 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Executive Officer and Director | |
Westwood International Advisors Inc. a 181 Bay Street, Suite 2450 Toronto, Ontario M5J 2S1 |
Chief Executive Officer and Director | |
Tiffany B. Kice Chief Financial Officer |
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.* (NYSE: WHG) 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Financial Officer |
Westwood International Advisors Inc. a 181 Bay Street, Suite 2450 Toronto, Ontario M5J 2S1 |
Chief Financial Officer | |
Westwood Trust** 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Financial Officer | |
Westwood Advisors, LLC*** 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Financial Officer | |
Mark R. Freeman, CFA Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer |
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.* (NYSE: WHG) 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Investment Officer |
Sylvia L. Fry Chief Compliance Officer (through March 31, 2017) |
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.* (NYSE: WHG) 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Compliance Officer |
Westwood Trust** 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Compliance Officer | |
Westwood Advisors, LLC*** 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Compliance Officer |
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser |
Name and Principal Business
Address of Other Company |
Connection with
Other Company |
Julie K. Gerron General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer |
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.* (NYSE: WHG) 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Compliance Officer (beginning April 1, 2017) and General Counsel |
Westwood International Advisors Inc. a 181 Bay Street, Suite 2450 Toronto, Ontario M5J 2S1 |
General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer | |
Westwood Trust** 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Compliance Officer (beginning April 1, 2017) and General Counsel | |
Westwood Advisors, LLC*** 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Compliance Officer (beginning April 1, 2017) and General Counsel | |
Fabian Gomez, Chief Operating Officer (effective February 7, 2018) |
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.* (NYSE: WHG) 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Operating Officer |
Westwood International Advisors Inc. a 181 Bay Street, Suite 2450 Toronto, Ontario M5J 2S1 |
Chief Operating Officer | |
Westwood Trust** 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Operating Officer | |
Westwood Advisors, LLC***
Dallas, TX 75201 |
Chief Operating Officer |
* | Westwood Management Corp., Westwood Trust, Westwood Advisors, LLC, and Westwood International Advisors Inc. are wholly owned subsidiaries of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc., a publicly traded company on the NYSE (NYSE: WHG). |
** | Westwood Trust provides trust and custodial services and participation in common trust funds that it sponsors to institutions and high net worth individuals. |
*** | Westwood Advisors, LLC (formerly, McCarthy Group Advisors, LLC) is a SEC registered investment adviser that managed investment limited liability companies until January 12, 2018 and provides wealth management and digital advisory services. Westwood Advisors is now based in Dallas, TX. |
a | Westwood International Advisors Inc. is a Canadian Corporation located in Toronto, Ontario that is registered as a Portfolio Manager and Exempt Market Dealer with the Ontario Securities Commission (“OSC”) and the Autorité des marchés financiers (“AMF”) in Quebec. |
C-59
Item 32. Principal Underwriters
(a) | Furnish the name of each investment company (other than the Registrant) for which each principal underwriter currently distributing the securities of the Registrant also acts as a principal underwriter, distributor or investment adviser. |
The Registrant's distributor, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (the "Distributor"), acts as distributor for:
SEI Daily Income Trust | July 15, 1982 |
SEI Tax Exempt Trust | December 3, 1982 |
SEI Institutional Managed Trust | January 22, 1987 |
SEI Institutional International Trust | August 30, 1988 |
The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund II | January 28, 1993 |
Bishop Street Funds | January 27, 1995 |
SEI Asset Allocation Trust | April 1, 1996 |
SEI Institutional Investments Trust | June 14, 1996 |
City National Rochdale Funds (f/k/a CNI Charter Funds) | April 1, 1999 |
Causeway Capital Management Trust | September 20, 2001 |
ProShares Trust | November 14, 2005 |
Community Capital Trust (f/k/a Community Reinvestment Act Qualified Investment Fund) | January 8, 2007 |
TD Asset Management USA Funds Inc. | July 25, 2007 |
SEI Structured Credit Fund, LP | July 31, 2007 |
Global X Funds | October 24, 2008 |
ProShares Trust II | November 17, 2008 |
Exchange Traded Concepts Trust (f/k/a FaithShares Trust) | August 7, 2009 |
Schwab Strategic Trust | October 12, 2009 |
RiverPark Funds Trust | September 8, 2010 |
Adviser Managed Trust | December 10, 2010 |
New Covenant Funds | March 23, 2012 |
Cambria ETF Trust | August 30, 2012 |
Highland Funds I (f/k/a Pyxis Funds I) | September 25, 2012 |
KraneShares Trust | December 18, 2012 |
SEI Insurance Products Trust | September 10, 2013 |
The KP Funds | September 19, 2013 |
The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund III | February 12, 2014 |
SEI Catholic Values Trust | March 24, 2015 |
SEI Hedge Fund SPC | June 26, 2015 |
SEI Energy Debt Fund | June 30, 2015 |
Gallery Trust | January 8, 2016 |
Schroder Series Trust | February 10, 2017 |
Schroder Global Series Trust | February 10, 2017 |
City National Rochdale Select Strategies Fund | March 1, 2017 |
Metaurus Equity Component Trust | October 2, 2017 |
Causeway ETMF Trust | December 28, 2017 |
Impact Shares Trust | March 1, 2018 |
City National Rochdale Strategic Credit Fund | May 16, 2018 |
Symmetry Panoramic Trust | July 23, 2018 |
C-60
The Distributor provides numerous financial services to investment managers, pension plan sponsors, and bank trust departments. These services include portfolio evaluation, performance measurement and consulting services (“Funds Evaluation”) and automated execution, clearing and settlement of securities transactions (“MarketLink”).
(b) | Furnish the Information required by the following table with respect to each director, officer or partner of each principal underwriter named in the answer to Item 25 of Part B. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each director or officer is One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456. |
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records:
Books or other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, and the rules promulgated thereunder, are maintained as follows:
(a) | With respect to Rules 31a-1(a); 31a-1(b)(1); (2)(a) and (b); (3); (6); (8); (12); and 31a-1 (d), the required books and records are maintained at the offices of Registrant’s custodians: |
U.S. Bank, National Association
800 Nicollett Mall
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402-4302
MUFG Union Bank, N.A.
350 California Street
6th Floor
San Francisco, California 94104
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
40 Water Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02109-3661
(b) | With respect to Rules 31a-1(a); 31a-1 (b)(1),(4); (2)(C) and (D); (4); (5); (6); (8); (9); (10); (11); and 31a-1(f), the required books and records are maintained at the offices of Registrant’s administrator: |
C-61
SEI Investments Global Funds Services
One Freedom Valley Drive
Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456
(c) | With respect to Rules 31a-1 (b)(5), (6), (9) and (10) and 31a-1 (f), the required books and records are maintained at the offices of the Registrant’s investment advisers: |
Acadian Asset Management LLC
260 Franklin Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC
1633 Broadway
New York, New York 10019
AlphaOne Investment Services, LLC
1000 Chesterbrook Blvd., Suite 100
Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312
Cambiar Investors, LLC
200 Columbine Street, Suite 800
Denver, Colorado 80206
CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc.
One South Wacker Drive, Suite 3500
Chicago, Illinois 60606
ClariVest Asset Management LLC
3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 100
San Diego, California 92130
Cornerstone Advisors, Inc.
225 108th Avenue NE, Suite 400
Bellevue, Washington 98004-5782
Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn LLC
520 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor
New York, New York 10022
C.S. McKee, L.P.
One Gateway Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222
Driehaus Capital Management LLC
25 East Erie Street
Chicago, Illinois 60611-2703
Edgewood Management LLC
535 Madison Avenue, 15th Floor
New York, New York 10022
Fairpointe Capital LLC
One North Franklin Street, Suite 3300
Chicago, Illinois 60606-2401
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Fayez Sarofim & Co.
2907 Two Houston Center
909 Fannin Street
Houston, Texas 77010
Franklin Advisers, Inc.
One Franklin Parkway
San Mateo, California 94403
Hamlin Capital Management, LLC
640 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor
New York, New York 10019
Harris Associates L.P.
111 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 4600
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Harvest Global Investments Limited
31/F One Exchange Square
8 Connaught Place, Central
Hong Kong
Haverford Financial Services, Inc.
Three Radnor Corporate Center, Suite 450
Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087-4546
Investment Counselors of Maryland, LLC
300 East Lombard Street
Suite 810
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P.
One Financial Center
Boston, Massachusetts 02111-2621
LSV Asset Management
155 North Wacker Drive, Suite 4600,
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Marsico Capital Management, LLC
1200 17th Street, Suite 1600
Denver, Colorado 80202-5824
Metropolitan West Asset Management LLC
865 S. Figueroa Street, Suite 1800
Los Angeles, California 90017
Numeric Investors LLC
200 Pier 4 Boulevard, 5th Floor
Boston, Massachusetts 02210
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Parametric Portfolio Associates® LLC
1918 Eighth Avenue, Suite 3100
Seattle, Washington 98101
Phocas Financial Corporation
980 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 106
Alameda, California 94501-1001
Prime Advisors, Inc.
22635 NE Marketplace Drive
Redmond, Washington 98053
Rice Hall James & Associates, LLC
600 West Broadway, Suite 1000
San Diego, California 92101-3383
Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated
777 East Wisconsin Avenue
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
Sands Capital Management, LLC
1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 3000
Arlington, Virginia 22209
Thomson Horstmann & Bryant, Inc.
501 Merritt 7
Norwalk, Connecticut 06851
Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC
6641 W. Broad Street, Suite 600
Richmond, Virginia 23230
Thornburg Investment Management, Inc.
2300 North Ridgetop Road
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87506
Villanova Investment Management Company LLC
1000 Chesterbrook Blvd., Suite 100
Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312
Westwood Management Corp.
200 Crescent Court, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75201
Item 34. Management Services: None.
Item 35. Undertakings: None.
C-64
NOTICE
A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust for The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund (the “Trust”) is on file with the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this registration statement has been executed on behalf of the Trust by an officer of the Trust as an officer and by its trustees as trustees and not individually and the obligations of or arising out of this registration statement are not binding upon any of the trustees, officers, or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Trust.
C-65
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 316 to Registration Statement No. 033-42484 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Oaks, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on the 29th day of August, 2019.
THE ADVISORS’ INNER CIRCLE FUND | |||
By: | * | ||
Michael Beattie, President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date(s) indicated.
* | Trustee | August 29, 2019 | |
Joseph T. Grause, Jr. | |||
* | Trustee | August 29, 2019 | |
Mitchell A. Johnson | |||
* | Trustee | August 29, 2019 | |
N. Jeffrey Klauder | |||
* | Trustee | August 29, 2019 | |
Betty L. Krikorian | |||
* | Trustee | August 29, 2019 | |
Robert Mulhall | |||
* | Trustee | August 29, 2019 | |
Robert A. Nesher | |||
* | Trustee | August 29, 2019 | |
Bruce Speca | |||
* | Trustee | August 29, 2019 | |
George J. Sullivan, Jr. | |||
* | President | August 29, 2019 | |
Michael Beattie | |||
* | Treasurer, Controller & | August 29, 2019 | |
Stephen Connors | Chief Financial Officer |
*By: | /s/ Dianne M. Descoteaux | |
Dianne M. Descoteaux | ||
Attorney-in-Fact |
C-66
EXHIBIT INDEX
(d)(3)(viii) | Amended Schedule A, dated September 3, 2019, to the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement, dated February 10, 2015, between the Registrant and Westwood Management Corp., relating to the Westwood Funds |
(i) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel, Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP |
(j) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Ernst & Young LLP, relating to the Westwood SmallCap Fund and Westwood Income Opportunity Fund |
(m)(1)(ii) | Schedule A, as last amended September 3, 2019, to the Distribution Plan, dated August 8, 1994, as amended August 14, 2000 |
(n)(4) | Amended and Restated Schedule D and Certificates of Class Designation to the Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan, dated February 21, 2007, relating to the Westwood Funds |
(p)(8) | Rice Hall James & Associates, LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated May 2019 |
(p)(28) | ClariVest Asset Management LLC Revised Code of Ethics, dated May 31, 2019 |
C-67
SCHEDULE A
dated September 3, 2019
to the
AMENDED AND RESTATED EXPENSE LIMITATION AGREEMENT
dated February 10, 2015 between
THE ADVISORS’ INNER CIRCLE FUND
and
WESTWOOD MANAGEMENT CORP.
MAXIMUM ANNUAL OPERATING EXPENSE LIMITS
Name of Fund |
Maximum Annual
Operating Expense Limit |
Initial Term End Date | |
Westwood LargeCap Value Fund | Institutional Shares | 0.65% | February 28, 2019 |
A Class Shares | 0.90% | February 28, 2019 | |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | Institutional Shares | 0.90% | February 28, 2021 |
A Class Shares | 1.15% | February 28, 2021 | |
C Class Shares | 1.90% | February 28, 2021 | |
Westwood SMidCap Fund | Institutional Shares | 0.88% | February 28, 2019 |
Westwood SmallCap Fund | Institutional Shares | 0.99% | February 28, 2021 |
A Class Shares | 1.04% | February 28, 2021 | |
C Class Shares | 1.79% | February 28, 2021 | |
Westwood Low Volatility Equity Fund | Institutional Shares | 0.75% | February 28, 2018 |
Westwood SMidCap Plus Fund | Institutional Shares | 0.81% | February 28, 2019 |
Westwood Short Duration High Yield Fund | Institutional Shares | 0.80% | February 28, 2017 |
A Class Shares | 1.05% | February 28, 2017 | |
Westwood Emerging Markets Fund | Institutional Shares | 1.20% | February 28, 2016 |
A Class Shares | 1.45% | February 28, 2016 | |
Westwood Emerging Markets Plus Fund | Institutional Shares | 1.20% | February 28, 2016 |
A Class Shares | 1.45% | February 28, 2016 | |
Westwood Market Neutral Income Fund | Institutional Shares | 1.20% | February 28, 2017 |
Ultra Shares | 1.05% | February 28, 2017 | |
Westwood Strategic Convertibles Fund | Institutional Shares | 0.85% | February 28, 2019 |
Westwood Flexible Income Fund | Institutional Shares | 0.79% | February 28, 2020 |
ACKNOWLEDGED AND ACCEPTED BY: | |||
WESTWOOD MANAGEMENT CORP. | |||
By: | /s/ Julie K. Gerron | ||
Name: Julie K. Gerron | |||
Title: General Counsel & CCO | |||
THE ADVISORS’ INNER CIRCLE FUND | |||
By: | /s/ Matthew M. Maher | ||
Name: Matthew M. Maher | |||
Title: VP & Assistant Secretary |
August 29, 2019
The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund
One Freedom Valley Drive
Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456
Re: | Opinion of Counsel regarding Post-Effective Amendment No. 316 to the Registration Statement filed on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 (File No. 033-42484) |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund (the “Trust”), a Massachusetts voluntary association (commonly known as a business trust), in connection with the above-referenced registration statement (as amended, the “Registration Statement”), which relates to the Trust’s units of beneficial interest, with no par value per share (collectively, the “Shares”) of the following portfolios of the Trust: Westwood SmallCap Fund and Westwood Income Opportunity Fund (the “Funds”). This opinion is being delivered to you in connection with the Trust’s filing of Post-Effective Amendment No. 316 to the Registration Statement (the “Amendment”) to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). With your permission, all assumptions and statements of reliance herein have been made without any independent investigation or verification on our part except to the extent otherwise expressly stated, and we express no opinion with respect to the subject matter or accuracy of such assumptions or items relied upon.
In connection with this opinion, we have reviewed, among other things, copies of the following documents:
(a) | a certificate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts certifying that the Trust is validly existing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; |
(b) | the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust for the Trust and all amendments and supplements thereto (the “Declaration of Trust”) and the Second Amended and Restated By-Laws (the “By-Laws”); |
(c) | a certificate executed by Dianne M. Descoteaux, the Secretary of the Trust, certifying as to, and attaching copies of, the Trust’s Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, and certain resolutions adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Trust authorizing the issuance of the Shares of the Funds; and |
(d) | a printer’s proof of the Amendment. |
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius llp
1701 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103-2921 United States |
|
In our capacity as counsel to the Trust, we have examined the originals, or certified, conformed or reproduced copies, of all records, agreements, instruments and documents as we have deemed relevant or necessary as the basis for the opinion hereinafter expressed. In all such examinations, we have assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons executing documents, the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all original or certified copies, and the conformity to original or certified copies of all copies submitted to us as conformed or reproduced copies. As to various questions of fact relevant to such opinion, we have relied upon, and assume the accuracy of, certificates and oral or written statements of public officials and officers and representatives of the Trust. We have assumed that the Amendment, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, will be in substantially the form of the printer’s proof referred to in paragraph (d) above.
Based upon, and subject to, the limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion that the Shares, when issued and sold in accordance with the terms of purchase described in the Registration Statement, will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not concede that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the 1933 Act.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP |
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the references to our firm under the captions "Financial Highlights" in the A Class Shares Prospectus and “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Statement of Additional Information, and to the incorporation by reference in Post-Effective Amendment No. 316 to the Registration Statement of The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund (Form N-1A: File No. 033-42484) of our report dated December 28, 2018, on the financial statements and financial highlights of Westwood SmallCap Fund and Westwood Income Opportunity Fund (two of the series constituting The Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund (the “Funds”)) included in the Funds’ Annual Report to shareholders for the year ended October 31, 2018.
/s/Ernst & Young LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
August 29, 2019
THE ADVISORS’ INNER CIRCLE FUND
SCHEDULE A
DATED AUGUST 8, 1994,
AS LAST AMENDED SEPTEMBER 3, 2019
TO THE DISTRIBUTION PLAN DATED AUGUST 8, 1994,
AMENDED AUGUST 14, 2000
Subject to any limitations imposed by Rule 2830 of the NASD’s Conduct Rules, the Distributor shall receive Rule 12b-1 fees, which shall be paid on a monthly basis. These fees will be calculated based on the annual rate set forth below, as applied to the average daily net assets of the respective Portfolios.
Portfolio | Class of Shares | Fee |
AlphaOne Small Cap Opportunities Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
AlphaOne NextGen Technology Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
AlphaOne VIMCO Small Cap Value Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
CIBC Atlas Disciplined Equity Fund (formerly, AT Disciplined Equity Fund) | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
CIBC Atlas Income Opportunities Fund (formerly, AT Income Opportunities Fund) | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
CIBC Atlas Mid Cap Equity Fund (formerly, AT Mid Cap Equity Fund) | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
CIBC Atlas All Cap Growth Fund (formerly, AT All Cap Growth Fund) | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
CIBC Atlas Equity Income Fund (formerly, AT Equity Income Fund) | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
CIBC Atlas International Growth Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
Edgewood Growth Fund | Retail Class Shares | 0.25% |
Hamlin High Dividend Equity Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
Harvest Funds China All Assets | Class A Shares | 0.25% |
Harvest Asian Bond Fund (formerly, Harvest Funds Intermediate Bond) | Class A Shares | 0.25% |
LSV Value Equity Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
LSV Conservative Value Equity Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
LSV Small Cap Value Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
LSV U.S. Managed Volatility Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
LSV Global Managed Volatility Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
LSV Global Value Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
LSV Emerging Markets Equity Fund | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
THB Asset Management MicroCap Fund (formerly, Thomson Horstmann & Bryant MicroCap Fund) | Investor Class Shares | 0.25% |
Westwood LargeCap Value Fund | A Class Shares | 0.25% |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | A Class Shares | 0.25% |
C Class Shares | 1.00% | |
Westwood Short Duration High Yield Fund | A Class Shares | 0.25% |
Westwood Emerging Markets Fund | A Class Shares | 0.25% |
Westwood Emerging Markets Plus Fund | A Class Shares | 0.25% |
Westwood SmallCap Fund | A Class Shares | 0.25% |
C Class Shares | 1.00% |
Amended and Restated
SCHEDULE D
Dated September 3, 2019 to
THE ADVISORS’ INNER CIRCLE FUND
Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3
Multiple Class Plan
dated February 21, 2007
Westwood Funds
(each a Fund to which Westwood Management Corp. serves as investment adviser)
FUND |
Institutional
Shares |
A
Class Shares |
C
Class Shares |
Ultra
Shares |
Westwood LargeCap Value Fund | X | X | ||
Westwood Low Volatility Equity Fund | X | |||
Westwood SMidCap Fund | X | |||
Westwood SmallCap Fund | X | X | X | |
Westwood Income Opportunity Fund | X | X | X | |
Westwood SMidCap Plus Fund | X | |||
Westwood Short Duration High Yield Fund | X | X | ||
Westwood Emerging Markets Fund | X | X | ||
Westwood Emerging Markets Plus Fund | X | X | ||
Westwood Market Neutral Income Fund | X | X | ||
Westwood Strategic Convertibles Fund | X | |||
Westwood Flexible Income Fund | X |
Exhibit D.1
WESTWOOD FUNDS
CERTIFICATE OF CLASS DESIGNATION
A Class Shares
1. | Class-Specific Distribution Arrangements, Other Expenses |
A Class Shares are sold subject to a front-end sales charge, as described in the Funds’ prospectus(es), and may be subject to a contingent-deferred sales charge if redeemed within 18 months of purchase, subject to the waivers and reductions described in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
Additionally, A Class Shares are subject to a Rule 12b-1 Fee. The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, will make monthly payments to the Distributor under the Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan approved by the Board of Trustees at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to A Class Shares. The Distributor will use the Rule 12b-1 Fees for expenses associated with the promotion and sale of the Funds’ A Class Shares including, without limitation, travel and communication expenses and expenses for the compensation of and benefits for sales personnel.
2. | Eligibility of Purchasers |
A Class Shares are available to individual and institutional investors, and may require a minimum investment, as described in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
3. | Voting Rights |
Each shareholder of A Class Shares will have one vote for each full A Class Shares held and a fractional vote for each fractional A Class Shares held. Shareholders of A Class Shares will have: (i) exclusive voting rights regarding any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to A Class Shares (such as a Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan or Shareholder Service Plan relating to A Class Shares); (ii) separate voting rights on any other matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of the shareholders of A Class Shares differ from the interests of holders of any other Class; and (iii) in all other respects the same rights and obligations as any other Class.
4. | Exchange Rights |
Upon request, shareholders may exchange A Class Shares of a Fund for A Class Shares or shares of a different class of another Fund, if and to the extent an exchange right is disclosed in the prospectus(es) for the applicable Fund and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the prospectus(es) of the Fund, provided that the shareholder requesting the exchange meets the eligibility requirements of the Fund into which such shareholder seeks to have his/her/its shares exchanged, as set forth in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
5. | Conversion Rights |
a. Conversion at the Option of a Shareholder
Shareholders of A Class Shares of a Fund may convert such A Class Shares into another Class of shares of the same Fund (an “Intra-Fund Conversion”), if and to the extent an applicable Intra-Fund Conversion right is disclosed in the prospectus(es) for the applicable Fund and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the prospectus(es) of the Fund, provided that the shareholder requesting the Intra-Fund Conversion meets the eligibility requirements of the Class of shares into which such shareholder seeks to have his/her/its shares converted, as set forth in the Fund’s prospectus(es).
b. Conversion at the Option of a Fund
In the event that a shareholder no longer meets the eligibility requirements for investment in A Class Shares, a Fund may, in its discretion, elect to convert such shareholder’s A Class Shares into a Class of shares for which such shareholder does meet the eligibility requirements. If such investor meets the eligibility requirements for more than one other Class, then such shareholder’s A Class Shares shall be convertible into shares of the Class having the lowest total operating expenses for which such shareholder meets the eligibility requirements.
6. | Limitation on Conversion and Exchange Rights |
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Class Designation, conversion and exchange rights may not be available with respect to shares purchased through a financial intermediary who (i) has made arrangements with the Trust or the principal underwriter for the Funds to make available for investment only certain Funds or certain Classes of shares of the Funds, or (ii) has made arrangements with a shareholder to purchase a specific Class or Classes of shares on behalf of such shareholder.
Exhibit D.2
WESTWOOD FUNDS
CERTIFICATE OF CLASS DESIGNATION
Institutional Shares
1. | Class-Specific Distribution Arrangements, Other Expenses |
Institutional Shares are sold without a load or sales charge and are not subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee, but may be subject to a shareholder servicing fee that is payable under a Shareholder Service Plan.
Under the terms of the Shareholder Service Plan, certain Funds are permitted to compensate, out of the Institutional Shares’ assets, in an annual amount as described below, Service Providers (as defined in the Shareholder Service Plan) that have established a shareholder servicing relationship with the Funds on behalf of their customers who are Institutional Shares shareholders, as described in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
2. | Eligibility of Purchasers |
Institutional Shares are available to certain categories of investors, and may require a minimum investment, as described in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
3. | Voting Rights |
Each shareholder of Institutional Shares will have one vote for each full Institutional Share held and a fractional vote for each fractional Institutional Share held. Shareholders of Institutional Shares will have: (i) exclusive voting rights regarding any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to Institutional Shares (such as a Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan or Shareholder Service Plan relating to Institutional Shares); (ii) separate voting rights on any other matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of the shareholders of Institutional Shares differ from the interests of holders of any other Class; and (iii) in all other respects the same rights and obligations as any other Class.
4. | Exchange Rights |
Upon request, shareholders may exchange Institutional Shares of a Fund for Institutional Shares or shares of a different class of another Fund, if and to the extent an exchange right is disclosed in the prospectus(es) for the applicable Fund and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the prospectus(es) of the Fund, provided that the shareholder requesting the exchange meets the eligibility requirements of the Fund into which such shareholder seeks to have his/her/its shares exchanged, as set forth in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
5. | Conversion Rights |
a. Conversion at the Option of a Shareholder
Shareholders of Institutional Shares of a Fund may convert such Institutional Shares into another Class of shares of the same Fund (an “Intra-Fund Conversion”), if and to the extent an applicable Intra-Fund Conversion right is disclosed in the prospectus(es) for the applicable Fund and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the prospectus(es) of the Fund, provided that the shareholder requesting the Intra-Fund Conversion meets the eligibility requirements of the Class of shares into which such shareholder seeks to have his/her/its shares converted, as set forth in the Fund’s prospectus(es).
b. Conversion at the Option of a Fund
In the event that a shareholder no longer meets the eligibility requirements for investment in Institutional Shares, a Fund may, in its discretion, elect to convert such shareholder’s Institutional Shares into a Class of shares for which such shareholder does meet the eligibility requirements. If such investor meets the eligibility requirements for more than one other Class, then such shareholder’s Institutional Shares shall be convertible into shares of the Class having the lowest total operating expenses for which such shareholder meets the eligibility requirements.
6. | Limitation on Conversion and Exchange Rights |
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Class Designation, conversion and exchange rights may not be available with respect to shares purchased through a financial intermediary who (i) has made arrangements with the Trust or the principal underwriter for the Funds to make available for investment only certain Funds or certain Classes of shares of the Funds, or (ii) has made arrangements with a shareholder to purchase a specific Class or Classes of shares on behalf of such shareholder.
Exhibit D.3
WESTWOOD FUNDS
CERTIFICATE OF CLASS DESIGNATION
C Class Shares
1. | Class-Specific Distribution Arrangements, Other Expenses |
C Class Shares are sold without a front-end sales charge, but may be subject to a contingent-deferred sales charge if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, subject to the waivers and reductions described in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
Additionally, C Class Shares are subject to a Rule 12b-1 Fee. The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, will make monthly payments to the Distributor under the Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan approved by the Board of Trustees at an annual rate of up to 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to C Class Shares. The Distributor will use the Rule 12b-1 Fees for expenses associated with the promotion and sale of the Funds’ C Class Shares including, without limitation, travel and communication expenses and expenses for the compensation of and benefits for sales personnel.
2. | Eligibility of Purchasers |
C Class Shares are available to individual and institutional investors, and may require a minimum investment, as described in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
3. | Voting Rights |
Each shareholder of C Class Shares will have one vote for each full C Class Shares held and a fractional vote for each fractional C Class Shares held. Shareholders of C Class Shares will have: (i) exclusive voting rights regarding any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to C Class Shares (such as a Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan or Shareholder Service Plan relating to C Class Shares); (ii) separate voting rights on any other matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of the shareholders of C Class Shares differ from the interests of holders of any other Class; and (iii) in all other respects the same rights and obligations as any other Class.
4. | Exchange Rights |
Upon request, shareholders may exchange C Class Shares of a Fund for C Class Shares or shares of a different class of another Fund, if and to the extent an exchange right is disclosed in the prospectus(es) for the applicable Fund and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the prospectus(es) of the Fund, provided that the shareholder requesting the exchange meets the eligibility requirements of the Fund into which such shareholder seeks to have his/her/its shares exchanged, as set forth in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
5. | Conversion Rights |
a. Conversion at the Option of a Shareholder
Shareholders of C Class Shares of a Fund may convert such C Class Shares into another Class of shares of the same Fund (an “Intra-Fund Conversion”), if and to the extent an applicable Intra-Fund Conversion right is disclosed in the prospectus(es) for the applicable Fund and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the prospectus(es) of the Fund, provided that the shareholder requesting the Intra-Fund Conversion meets the eligibility requirements of the Class of shares into which such shareholder seeks to have his/her/its shares converted, as set forth in the Fund’s prospectus(es).
b. Conversion at the Option of a Fund
In the event that a shareholder no longer meets the eligibility requirements for investment in C Class Shares, a Fund may, in its discretion, elect to convert such shareholder’s C Class Shares into a Class of shares for which such shareholder does meet the eligibility requirements. If such investor meets the eligibility requirements for more than one other Class, then such shareholder’s C Class Shares shall be convertible into shares of the Class having the lowest total operating expenses for which such shareholder meets the eligibility requirements.
c. Automatic Conversion
C Class Shares automatically convert to A Class Shares in the same Fund after 10 years, subject to the conditions described in the Funds’ prospectuses(es).
6. | Limitation on Conversion and Exchange Rights |
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Class Designation, conversion and exchange rights may not be available with respect to shares purchased through a financial intermediary who (i) has made arrangements with the Trust or the principal underwriter for the Funds to make available for investment only certain Funds or certain Classes of shares of the Funds, or (ii) has made arrangements with a shareholder to purchase a specific Class or Classes of shares on behalf of such shareholder.
Exhibit D.4
WESTWOOD FUNDS
CERTIFICATE OF CLASS DESIGNATION
Ultra Shares
1. | Class-Specific Distribution Arrangements, Other Expenses |
Ultra Shares are sold without a load or sales charge and are not subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee or a shareholder service fee.
2. | Eligibility of Purchasers |
Ultra Shares are available to individual and institutional investors, and may require a minimum investment, as described in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
3. | Voting Rights |
Each shareholder of Ultra Shares will have one vote for each full Ultra Shares held and a fractional vote for each fractional Ultra Shares held. Shareholders of Ultra Shares will have: (i) exclusive voting rights regarding any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to Ultra Shares (such as a Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan or Shareholder Service Plan relating to Ultra Shares); (ii) separate voting rights on any other matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of the shareholders of Ultra Shares differ from the interests of holders of any other Class; and (iii) in all other respects the same rights and obligations as any other Class.
4. | Exchange Rights |
Upon request, shareholders may exchange Ultra Shares of a Fund for Ultra Shares or shares of a different class of another Fund, if and to the extent an exchange right is disclosed in the prospectus(es) for the applicable Fund and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the prospectus(es) of the Fund, provided that the shareholder requesting the exchange meets the eligibility requirements of the Fund into which such shareholder seeks to have his/her/its shares exchanged, as set forth in the Funds’ prospectus(es).
5. | Conversion Rights |
a. Conversion at the Option of a Shareholder
Shareholders of Ultra Shares of a Fund may convert such Ultra Shares into another Class of shares of the same Fund (an “Intra-Fund Conversion”), if and to the extent an applicable Intra-Fund Conversion right is disclosed in the prospectus(es) for the applicable Fund and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the prospectus(es) of the Fund, provided that the shareholder requesting the Intra-Fund Conversion meets the eligibility requirements of the Class of shares into which such shareholder seeks to have his/her/its shares converted, as set forth in the Fund’s prospectus(es).
b. Conversion at the Option of a Fund
In the event that a shareholder no longer meets the eligibility requirements for investment in Ultra Shares, a Fund may, in its discretion, elect to convert such shareholder’s Ultra Shares into a Class of shares for which such shareholder does meet the eligibility requirements. If such investor meets the eligibility requirements for more than one other Class, then such shareholder’s Ultra Shares shall be convertible into shares of the Class having the lowest total operating expenses for which such shareholder meets the eligibility requirements.
6. | Limitation on Conversion and Exchange Rights |
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Class Designation, conversion and exchange rights may not be available with respect to shares purchased through a financial intermediary who (i) has made arrangements with the Trust or the principal underwriter for the Funds to make available for investment only certain Funds or certain Classes of shares of the Funds, or (ii) has made arrangements with a shareholder to purchase a specific Class or Classes of shares on behalf of such shareholder.
CODE OF ETHICS |
Amended: May 2019
In General
The Code of Ethics is predicated on the principle that RHJ owes a fiduciary duty to all its clients, which includes but is not limited to separately managed accounts, registered mutual funds, sub-advisory arrangements, collective investment trust, and wrap program clients (herein referred to as “RHJ Clients”). Accordingly, RHJ’s employees must avoid activities, interests, and relationships that are or appear to be contrary to the best interests of any RHJ Clients.
At all times, RHJ employees must:
▪ | Place RHJ Client interests ahead of RHJ’s: As a fiduciary, RHJ must provide services that are in the best interest of RHJ Clients. RHJ employees may not benefit at a RHJ Client’s expense, such as when making personal investments in securities traded by advisory clients. |
▪ | Engage in personal investing in compliance with RHJ’s Code of Ethics: Employees must review and abide by RHJ’s Personal Securities Transaction and Insider Trading Policies. |
▪ | Avoid taking advantage of his/her position: Employees must not accept investment opportunities, gifts or other gratuities from individuals seeking to conduct business with RHJ, or on behalf of an RHJ Client. |
▪ | Maintain full compliance with the Federal Securities Laws1: Employees must abide by the standards set forth in Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940. |
Questions with respect to RHJ’s Code of Ethics should be directed to Janine Marquez, RHJ’s Chief Compliance Officer (CCO), and/or Thao Buuhoan, RHJ’s Chief Operating Officer (COO) and President. As discussed in greater detail below, Employees must promptly report any Code of Ethics violations to the CCO. All reported Code of Ethics violations shall remain anonymous.
Guiding Principles& Standards of Conduct
All Employees of RHJ will act ethically – with competence, dignity, and integrity – when dealing with RHJ Clients, the public, prospects, third-party service providers, and fellow Employees. The following principles frame the professional and ethical conduct RHJ expects fromits employees:
▪ | Act ethically – with integrity, competence, diligence and respect – when working and communicating with the public, clients, prospective clients, Employees and colleagues in the investment profession; |
▪ | Place the interests of RHJ Clients and RHJ above one’s personal interests; |
▪ | Do not take inappropriate advantage of one’s position; |
▪ | Avoid actual or potential conflict of interest; |
▪ | Conduct personal securities transactions in accordance with the policies herein; |
▪ | Use reasonable care and exercise proper professional judgment when conducting investment analyses, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions and engaging in other professional activities; |
▪ | Perform and encourage others to perform in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect favorably on one’s self and the profession; |
1 | “Federal securities laws” means the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Commission under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the Commission or the Department of the Treasury. |
▪ | Maintain and improve professional competence, and strive to maintain and improve the competence of other investment professionals; and |
▪ | Comply with applicable provisions of the federal securities laws. |
UnlawfulActions
It is unlawful for an Employee to:
▪ | Employ any device, scheme or artifice with the intent to defraud a RHJ Client; |
▪ | Make any untrue statement of a material fact to a RHJ Client; |
▪ | Refrain from stating a material fact to a RHJ Client which, in light of the circumstances under which the statement is made, is misleading or in bad faith; |
▪ | Engage in an act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as fraud or deceit, related to a RHJ Client; or |
▪ | Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to a RHJ Client. |
1. | Personal Security TransactionPolicy |
Employees may not purchase or sell a security in which the Employee has or may acquire beneficial ownership (as defined further below), unless the transaction occurs in an exempted security or the Employee has fully complied with the below requirements.
Access Person Defined
An “access person” is a supervised person who has access to nonpublic information regarding a RHJ Clients’ purchase or sale of securities, and who is involved in making securities recommendations to RHJ Clients or has access to such recommendations that are nonpublic. All RHJ Employees are considered Access Persons, in addition to any person that has been determined and informed by the CCO or designee to be an Access Person.
Security Defined
The term “security” includes, but is not limited to a: note; common stock; preferred stock; treasury stock; security future; closed-end mutual fund; exchange traded fund (ETF); corporate bond;municipal bond; debenture; evidence of indebtedness; certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement; collateral-trust certificate; pre-organization certificate or subscription; transferable share; investment contract; voting-trust certificate; certificate of deposit for a security; fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights; any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit), any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof) or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security"; or any certificate of interest or participation in temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guaranty of, warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing.
Exempted Securities Defined
The term “exempted security” includes: direct obligations of the Government of the United States; bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; shares issued by money market funds; shares issued by open-end funds (excludingETFs), other than reportable funds2; and commodities, futures and options traded on a commodities exchange, including currency futures that are not securities.
2 | A “reportable fund” is (a) any fund for which RHJ serves as the investment adviser as defined in section 2(a)(20) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (i.e., in most cases RHJ would need to be approved by the fund's board of directors before the employee can serve); or (b) any fund whose investment adviser or principal underwriter controls RHJ, is controlled by RHJ, or is under common control with RHJ. Transactions in RHJ managed funds must be disclosed, but not pre-cleared. |
Pre-ClearanceProcedures
RHJ Employees must obtain written clearance for all personal securities transactions before placing each transaction, with the exception of the following:
▪ | A purchase or sale of an Exchange Traded Fund (ETFs); |
▪ | A purchase or sale of a closed-end mutual fund; |
▪ | A purchase or sale of 50 bonds or less per day of any corporate bond or municipal bond (excluding newofferings); |
▪ | A purchase or sale of an exempted security; or |
▪ | Shares issued by unit investment trusts invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds. |
RHJ reserves the right to disapprove any proposed transaction that may have the appearance of improper conduct. Generally, Employees shall complete RHJ’s Pre-Clearance Form on Schwab Compliance Technologies’ Personal Trading Platform. All pre-clearance requests must be submitted to RHJ’s CCO or designee. Currently, Tom McDowell, Reed Wirick, or Gary Rice may also approve personal securities transactions. Once pre-clearance is granted to an Employee, such Employee may only transact in that security for the remainder of the day. If the Employee wishes to transact in that security on the following or any other day, he/she must again obtain pre-clearance. Unless otherwise noted, no pre-clearance is required for the exempted transactions discussed below.
Black Out Periods
No employee shall buy or sell a security traded in any RHJ Client portfolio within seven (7) calendar days before or after a trade. The CCO will review executed RHJ Client trades upon a pre-clearance request to ensure no trades have taken place within the respective 7 days and will inquire with the respective portfolio managers to determine if any RHJ Client trades may be placed within the 7 days following the proposed trade.
Holding Period
All employees who hold securities, including options and futures, and shares of one ormore RHJ Funds or other mutual fund that is advised or sub-advised by RHJ, are required to hold such securities for a minimumof 30 days to avoid short-termtrading practices.
Reportable Securities
Reportable securities include all securities other than exempted securities (see above definition). Any fund in which RHJ serves as the investment adviser or sub-adviser must be reported. RHJ requires Employees to provide periodic reports (see Reporting section below) regarding transactions and holdings in any security, except exempted securities.
Beneficial Ownership
Employees have beneficial ownership of securities if direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the securities is held or shared. Employees have a pecuniary interest in securities if such Employees have the ability to directly or indirectly profit from a securities transaction. The following are examples of indirect pecuniary interests in securities:
▪ | Securities held by members of Employee’s immediate family sharing the same household (immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, to include adoptive relationships.) |
▪ | Securities held by members of Employee’s immediate family not sharing the same household but for whom the Employee is providing full financial support (i.e., children living at college etc.) |
▪ | Employee’s interests as a general partner in securities held by a general or limited partnership. |
▪ | Employee’s interests as a manager/member in the securities held by a limited liability company. |
▪ | If Employee holds an equity interest in an entity, Employee does not have an indirect pecuniary interest in the securities the entity holds, unless Employee has or shares investment control over the entity’s securities. |
Employee beneficially owns securities held in a trust when:
▪ | Employee or a member of Employee’s immediate family is a trustee who owns securities and has a vested interest in the principal or income of the trust; |
▪ | Employee owns a vested beneficial interest in a trust; or |
▪ | Employee is a settlor/grantor of a trust, unless the consent of all respective beneficiaries is required in order for the Employee to revoke the trust. |
Exempt Transactions
The following transactions are considered exempt transactions (not to be confused with exempt securities) and therefore do not require reporting under the Personal Security Transaction Policy:
▪ | Any security transaction in an account over which the Employee does not have any direct or indirect influence or control; or |
▪ | Purchases that are part of an automatic investment plan.3 |
From time to time, the CCO may exempt certain transactions on a fully documented trade-by-trade basis, provided it is consistent with Rule 204-A of the Investment Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act.
Employee Managed Accounts
Certain Employees have engaged RHJ to manage one or more personal accounts on a discretionary basis (“Employee Managed Accounts”). Transactions in Employee Managed Accounts are aggregated with client transactions in the same security on the same day and traded as a “block”, with each participant receiving the same average price. Consequently, transactions in Employee Managed Accounts are considered exempt from the aforementioned pre-clearance procedures, black out period, and holding period requirements. The CCO or designee conducts performance dispersion testing across all accounts (including Employee Managed Accounts) on a periodic basis to monitor for systematic and material deviations in returns between Employee Managed Accounts and Client Accounts.
No Employee shall exercise trading discretion over his or her Employee Managed Account outside of his or her official capacity as an RHJ Portfolio Manager.
Investments in Limited Offerings and Initial PublicOfferings (“IPOs”)4
No Employee shall directly or indirectly acquire beneficial ownership in any limited offering or IPO without first obtaining the CCO’s approval in order to preclude the possibility of improperly profiting from a RHJ Client’s position. The CCO shall: obtain proposed transaction details from the Employee (including written certification that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of the Employee’s activities on behalf of a RHJ Client); and conclude, after consultation with a Portfolio Manager (who has no personal interest in the issuer of the limited offering or IPO), that no RHJ Clients have a foreseeable interest in purchasing such security. A record of the CCO’s approval and the reasons supporting the approval shall be kept as delineated in the below section titled Records. The Employee shall refer to Schwab Compliance Technologies to complete the Limited Offering and IPORequest and Reporting Form.
3 | “Automatic investment plan” means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan. |
4 | The term “limited offering” is defined as an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to section 4(2) or section 4(5) or pursuant to Rules 504,505, or 506 of Regulation D. The term “initial public offering” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
Restrictions on New Issues of Equity Securities (“New Issues”)5
No Employee shall directly or indirectly acquire beneficial ownership of a New Issue (including new issues of municipal bonds) without first obtaining the CCO’s approval in order to preclude the possibility of improperly profiting from a RHJ Client’s position. The CCO shall: obtain proposed transaction details from the Employee (including written certification that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of the Employee’s activities on behalf of a RHJ Client); and conclude, after consultation with a Portfolio Manager (who has no personal interest in the issuer of the New Issue), that no RHJ Clients have foreseeable interest in purchasing such security. A record of the CCO’s approval and the reasons supporting the approval shall be kept as delineated in the below section titled Recordkeeping.
FINRA Rule 5130 prohibits the sale of New Issues to any account in which a “restricted person” has a beneficial interest, except under certain situations. The term “restricted person” includes any Employee of an investment adviser who has the authority to buy or sell securities and an immediate family member of such a restricted person that materially supports or receives material support from such a person. Thus, all restricted persons of RHJ, including investment personnel, are prohibited in almost all circumstances– except as noted in further detail below–from purchasing a New Issue.
The prohibitions of the purchase and sale of New Issues with respect to Rule 5130 do not apply to: issuer directed securities, which are securities an issuer directs to restricted persons such as directors, subject to certain conditions; a restricted person’s account if such a person is an existing equity owner of an issuance (anti-dilution provisions), subject to certain conditions; stand-by purchasers, which are those who purchase and sell securities pursuant to a stand-by agreement, subject to certain conditions.
Employees are encouraged to review and discuss Rule 5130 with the CCO prior to the purchase and/or sale of New Issues.
Reporting
Employees must provide RHJ the necessary information to enable it to determine, with reasonable assurance, any indication of “scalping,” “front-running” or any conflict of interest as it relates to RHJ Client trading. As such, Employees shall submit the below referenced reports in Schwab Compliance Technologies reflecting all transactions and securities, except for the exempt transactions and securities as referenced above, in which the person has - or by reason of such transaction acquires - direct or indirect beneficial ownership.
Quarterly Transaction Reports
Employees must authenticate personal trading accounts using Schwab Compliance Technologies. If an Employee’s trades are not available electronically or transactions do not occur through a broker-dealer (i.e., purchase of a private investment fund), the employee shall manually input such transactions to the Schwab Compliance Technologies platform no later than thirty (30) days after the end of the respective calendar quarter. The quarterly transaction reports shall contain at least the following information for each transaction in a Reportable Security in which the Employee had or, as a result of the transaction, acquired any direct or indirect beneficial ownership6: (a) the date of the transaction, the title, the number of shares, the principle amount and, as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number and the interest rate and maturity date; (b) the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); (c) the price of the Reportable Security at which the transaction was effected; (d) the name of the broker/dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and (e) the date the report is submitted. Quarterly reports are also required for accounts established by an employee during a quarter in which securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the employee.
5 | The term “new issue” is defined as any initial public offering of an equity security as defined in Section 3(a)(11) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, made pursuant to a registration statement or offering circular. This restriction does not apply to, among other securities: secondary offerings, offerings of debt securities, offerings of a security of a commodity pool, rights offerings, exchange offers, and offerings of convertible or preferred securities. (See FINRA Rule 5130 Restrictions on the Purchase and Sale of IPOs of Equity Securities). |
6 | “Beneficial Ownership,” as set forth under Rule 16a-1(a)(2), determines whether a person is subject to the provision of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the rules and regulations thereunder, which generally encompasses those situations in which the beneficial owner has the right to enjoy some direct or indirect “pecuniary interest” (i.e., some economic benefit) from the ownership of a security. This may also include securities held by members of an Employee’s immediate family sharing the same household; provided however, this presumption may be rebutted. The term immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law and includes adoptive relationships. Any report of beneficial ownership required thereunder shall not be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Covered Securities to which the report relates. |
Employees who do not maintain personal trading brokerage accounts will be required, at a minimum, to confirm there are no personal securities transactions to report; this acknowledgement may be documented on the quarterly personal securities transaction report in Schwab Compliance Technologies.
Employees must also report immediate family members’ transactions, including spouse, child, and other house-hold members, for securities in which the employee has direct or indirect influence, control, and/or beneficial ownership. |
Initial and Annual Holdings Reports
New RHJ Employees are required to report personal securities holdings no later than ten (10) days after the commencement of employment (See Schwab Compliance Technologies’ Welcome Package Questionnaire). The initial holdings report must be dated as of no more than forty-five (45) days prior to the commencement of employment.
Existing Employees are required to provide RHJ with a complete list of securities holdings on an annual basis on or before February 14th (as determined by RHJ) of each year. The report shall be current as of December 31st, which is no more than forty-five (45) days before the final submission date. (See Schwab Compliance Technologies’ Annual Questionnaire).
The initial and annual holdings reports must contain, at a minimum: (a) the title and type of security, and, as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares, and principal amount of each reportable security in which the access person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; (b) the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the access person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the access person's direct or indirect benefit; and (c) the date the access person submits the report.
Employees who do not have any securities holdings or do not maintain personal trading brokerage accounts will be required to confirm the same in writing; such an acknowledgement may be documented on the quarterly personal securities transaction report via Schwab Compliance Technologies.
Trading and Review
RHJ does not expect its Employees to engage in frequent short-term (30 days) trading. In addition, except in limited circumstances and subject to pre-clearance approval, Employees are prohibited from trading opposite of RHJ’s recommendations. RHJ strictly prohibits “front-running” any RHJ Client Accounts, which is a practice generally understood to be when an employee trades one or more securities in a personal account prior to or on the same date that the firm places the same trade(s) in one or more RHJ Client Accounts. The CCO will closely monitor Employees’ investment patterns to detect such practices. RHJ’s President and Chief Operating Officer (COO) will monitor the CCO’s personal securities transactions for compliance with the Personal Security Transaction Policy.
The CCO shall also conduct a post-trade review of RHJ Employees’ personal trading. All Employee trades must be reported in Schwab Compliance Technologies within thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar quarter. The CCO will review all transaction and reporting to determine if violations have occurred.
The post transaction review process ensures RHJ has the proper procedures in place to supervise its Employees’ activities. The comparison of Employee trades to those of RHJ Clients shall identify actual or potential conflicts of interest.
If RHJ discovers an Employee is personally trading contrary to the policies set forth above, the Employee shall meet with the CCO and President to review the facts surrounding the transaction(s). This meeting shall assist RHJ in determining the appropriate course of action. The CCO may grant written exceptions to the provisions of this policy based on equitable (e.g., rapid markets, hardship, satisfaction of a court order, etc.) or other considerations. The exceptions may be granted to individuals or classes of individuals, provided that no granted exception would violate Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act, Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, or any other federal securities laws.
Reporting Violations and Remedial Actions
RHJ acknowledges the seriousness of potential conflicts of interest caused by personal investing. As such, RHJ requires its Employees to promptly report any violations of the Code of Ethics to the CCO. RHJ’s management is aware of the potential matters that may arise as a result of this requirement, and shall take action against any Employee that seeks retaliation against another for reporting violations of the Code of Ethics.
RHJ has zero tolerance for retaliatory actions and therefore offenders may be subject to severe action. In order to minimize the potential for such behavior, all reports of code of ethics violations will be treated as anonymous. |
If a violation of RHJ’s Personal Security Transaction Policy occurs, the CCO will alert appropriate senior management and recommend sanctions based on facts and circumstances. Senior Management will issue sanctions and take any other actions deemed appropriate, which may include -without limitation - requiring the trades in question be reversed resulting in disgorgement of profits, issuing a letter of caution or warning, issuing a suspension of personal trading rights or suspension of employment (with or without compensation), imposing a fine, making a civil referral to the SEC, making a criminal referral, terminating employment or any combination of the foregoing. All sanctions and other actions taken shall be in accordance with applicable employment laws and regulations. Any forfeited profits shall be paid to the applicable RHJ Client(s) or donated to a charity the CCO determines is appropriate.
No person shall participate in a determination of whether he or she has committed such a violation or in the imposition of any sanction against himself or herself.
Disclosure
RHJ shall describe its Code of Ethics to RHJ Clients in Part 2 of Form ADV and shall furnish a copy of the Code upon any RHJ Client’s request. All RHJ Client requests for RHJ’s Code of Ethics shall be directed to the CCO.
Recordkeeping
RHJ shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below; such records shall be available for appropriate examination by SEC representatives or RHJ’s management:
▪ | A copy of this policy and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five (5) years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible location; |
▪ | A record of a violation of this policy and of action taken as a result of such a violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible location for a period of not less than five (5)years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred; |
▪ | A record of all written acknowledgements (annual certifications) as required by this policy for each person who is currently, or within the past five (5) years was, an RHJ Employee; |
▪ | A copy of each report made pursuant to this policy by an Employee - including any information provided in lieu of reports - shall be preserved by RHJ for at least five (5) years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made or the information is provided, including an easily accessible location for the first two (2) years; |
▪ | A list of all persons who are, or within the past five (5) years have been, required to make or review such reports pursuant to this policy shall be maintained in an easily accessible location; |
▪ | A record of all pre-clearance requests, including the decisions made; and |
▪ | A record of any decision and the reasons supporting the decision to approve the acquisition of any limited offering or IPO by Employees for at least five (5) years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted, including an easily accessible location for the first two (2) years. |
Administration of the Code
A. | The CCO or designee will review reports and other information submitted under this Code. The review includes, but is not limited to: |
(i) | an assessment of whether the Employee followed the required procedures; |
(ii) | an assessment of any trading patterns that may indicate abuse, including market timing; and |
(iii) | performing any other assessment that may be necessary to determine whether there have been any violations of the Code. |
B. | Each Employee shall receive a copy of the Code annually and anytime the Code is amended. Upon receipt, each Employee is required to read and acknowledge his or her understanding of the requirements of the Code via Schwab Compliance Technologies software, which in addition provides that the Employee agrees to abide by the Code. |
C. | Upon amendment of this Code, the RHJ CCO will provide a copy to the CCO of each mutual fund that RHJ serves as adviser/sub-adviser for approval/ratification by each fund’s Board of Trustees. |
D. | The RHJ CCO or designee will furnish written reports requested by the CCO of each mutual fund that RHJ serves as adviser/sub-adviser, including the RHJ Funds pertaining to any changes to the Code and any violations thereof. |
2. | Insider Trading Policy |
Section 204A of the Advisers Act requires every investment adviser to establish, maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed - taking into consideration the nature of such investment adviser's business - to prevent the misuse of material, non-public information by such investment adviser or any person associated with such investment adviser. In accordance with Section 204A, RHJ maintains procedures to prevent the misuse of non-public information.
Although “insider trading” is not defined in securities laws, in practice it is understood as trading either personally or on behalf of others based on material, non-public information or communicating material, non-public information to others in violation of the law. Securities laws have been interpreted to prohibit the following activities:
▪ | Trading by an insider based on material, non-public information; |
▪ | Trading by a non-insider based on material, non-public information, where the non-insider received the information from an insider in violation of the insider’s duty to keep the information confidential; or |
▪ | Communicating material, non-public information to others in breach of a fiduciary duty. |
RHJ’s Insider Trading Policy applies to all Employees. Questions regarding this policy should be directed to the CCO and/or President.
Whom Does the Policy Cover?
This policy covers all RHJ Employees. In addition, the policy applies to transactions in any securities participated in by family members, trusts or corporations directly or indirectly controlled by such persons; and, to transactions corporations engage in where the Employee is an: officer; director; ten percent (10%) or greater stockholder; or partner, unless the Employee has no direct or indirect control of the partnership.
What Information is Material?
Individuals may not be held liable for trading on inside information unless the information is material. “Material information” is generally defined as information there is a substantial likelihood that a client would consider important in making his or her investment decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of a company’s securities. Advance knowledge of the following types of information is generally regarded as “material”:
▪ | Dividend or earnings announcements | ▪ | Discovery or research developments |
▪ | Write-downs or write-offs of assets | ▪ | Criminal, civil and government investigations and indictments |
▪ | Additions to reserves for bad debts or contingent liabilities | ▪ | Pending labor disputes |
▪ | Expansion or curtailment of company or major division operations | ▪ | Debt service or liquidity problems |
▪ | Merger, joint venture announcements | ▪ | Bankruptcy or insolvency problems |
▪ | New product/service announcements | ▪ | Tender offers, stock repurchase plans, etc. |
▪ | Recapitalization |
Information a company provides may be considered material due to the foreseeable impact on: a particular class of a company’s securities; all of a company’s securities; the securities of another company; or the securities of several companies. The misuse of material, non-public information applies to all types of securities, including equity, debt, commercial paper, government securities, and options.
In considering whether information is material, bear in mind that such information does not have to come from the applicable company to be deemed material; rather, information received from an unaffiliated third party can be deemed material solely by the nature of the information. For example, material information about the contents of an upcoming newspaper column may affect the price of a security, and therefore be considered material.
What Information is Non-Public?
In order for issues concerning insider trading to arise, information must not only be material, but also non-public. “Non-public” information generally means information not available to the investing public.
Once material, non-public information has been effectively distributed to the investing public through commonly recognized channels, it is no longer classified as non-public information. The information must be intentionally distributed via commonly recognized channels and available for an adequate amount of time. Receiving non-public information via the selective dissemination of information, such as industry-related publications, does not make the information public.
RHJ’s employees must be aware that a person who receives material, non-public information with no expectation of confidentiality may still become an insider upon receipt. Whether the information or “tip” makes the employee a “tippee” or insider depends on if the corporate insider expects to personally benefit from the disclosure, whether directly or indirectly.
The expected benefit is not limited to a present or future monetary gain; it could be a reputational benefit or an expectation of quid pro quo resulting in receiving information one would not have received but for providing such an expectation. Employees may also become insiders or tippees if material, non-public information is obtained by happenstance, such as at social gatherings or by overhearing conversations, etc.
Penalties for Trading on Insider Information
Severe penalties exist for firms and individuals that engage in the act of insider trading, including:
▪ | civil injunctions; |
▪ | disgorgement of profits; |
▪ | jail sentences; |
▪ | fines for the person who committed the violation of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided (per violation, or illegal trade), whether or not the person actually benefited from the violation; or |
▪ | Criminal penalties that can result in a maximum fine of up to $5,000,000 and twenty (20) years imprisonment |
Procedures to follow if an Employee Believes that he/she Possesses Material, Non-Public Information
If an Employee questions whether they are in possession of material, non-public information, the Employee must inform the CCO, and President or CEO as soon as possible. Once the information is reported, the Employee and informed parties will conduct research to determine if the information is likely to be considered important to clients in making investment decisions and whether the information has been publicly disseminated.
Given the severe penalties imposed on individuals and firms engaging in insider trading, Employees:
▪ | shall not trade the securities of any company in which the employee is deemed an insider who may possess material, non-public information; |
▪ | shall not engage in securities or derivatives transactions of any company, except in accordance with RHJ’s Personal Security Transaction Policy and the securities laws; |
▪ | shall submit personal security trading reports in accordance with the Personal Security Transaction Policy; |
▪ | shall not discuss any potential or actual material, non-public information with colleagues, except as specifically required by his/her position; |
▪ | shall immediately report the potential receipt of non-public information to the CCO and President or CEO; and |
▪ | shall not proceed with any research, trading, etc. until the CCO and President or CEO inform the Employee of the appropriate course of action. |
3. | Serving as Officers, Trustees and/or Directors of Outside Organizations |
Employees may, under certain circumstances, be granted permission to serve as directors, trustees, or officers of outside organizations by completing the Request for Approval of Outside Business Activity Form in Schwab Compliance Technologies. Such organizations can include public or private corporations, partnerships, charitable foundations and other not-for-profit institutions. Employees may also receive compensation for such activities.
As an outside board member or officer, an Employee may come into possession of material, non-public information about the outside company or other public companies. It is critical that a proper information barrier be in place between RHJ and the outside organization, and that the Employee does not communicate such information to other RHJ Employees in violation of the information barrier.
Similarly, RHJ may have a business relationship with the outside organization or may seek a relationship in the future. In such circumstances, the Employee must not be involved in the decision to retain or hire RHJ.
RHJ Employees are prohibited from engaging in such outside activities without prior written approval from the CCO. Approval will be granted on a case-by-case basis, subject to proper resolution of potential conflicts of interest. Outside activities will be approved only if any conflict of interest issues can be satisfactorily resolved and the necessary disclosures are made on Part 2 of Form ADV.
4. | Gift Policy |
Employees may not accept investment opportunities, gifts or other gratuities from individuals seeking to conduct business with RHJ, or on behalf of an advisory client. However, Employees may accept gifts from a single giver in aggregate amounts not exceeding $250 and may attend business meals, sporting events and other entertainment events at the expense of a giver, as long as the expense is reasonable and both the giver(s) and the Employee(s) are present. All gifts received must be reported to the CCO, including the gift giver’s name, the reason for the gift, a description of the gift and the date the gift was received.
Employees may also give a gift to anyone who does business with the firm, if the gift is not in excess of $100. However, business meals, sporting events and other entertainment events may be given so long as the expense is reasonable and the employee giving the gift is present. All gifts given must be reported to the CCO, including the name of the employee giving the gift, the reason for giving the gift, a description of the gift being given and the date the gift was given.
5. | Political Contributions |
RHJ or an Employee considered a Covered Associate (as defined below) may not make Political Contributions (as defined below) exceeding $150.00 per election to a candidate or official the Covered Associate could not vote for or exceeding $350.00 per election to a candidate or official the Covered Associate could vote for. All RHJ employees must report political contributions to the CCO using the Reporting of Political or Charitable Contribution Form on Schwab Compliance Technologies within 10 days after the contribution has been made. The report must include: the employee’s name; the name of the candidate or official who received the contribution; the office the recipient is running for; the contribution amount; whether or not the contributing employee is eligible to vote for the recipient; and whether or not the official or candidate has an existing or potential relationship with RHJ and/or the contributing employee.
Covered Associate defined
(i) | Any general partner, managing member, executive officer, or other individual with a similar status or function; |
(ii) | Any employee who solicits a government entity for RHJ and any person who directly or indirectly supervises such employee; and |
(iii) | Any political action committee controlled by RHJ or any person described in sections (i) and (ii) above. |
Political Contribution Defined
Any gift, subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of money or anything of value made for:
(i) | The purpose of influencing any election for federal, state or local office; |
(ii) | Payment of debt incurred in connection with any such election; or |
(iii) | Transition or inaugural expenses of the successful candidate for state or local office. |
6. | Charitable Contributions |
Employees are not restricted from giving personal charitable contributions; however, RHJ or an RHJ employee acting on behalf of RHJ must use the Reporting of Political or Charitable Contribution Form on Schwab Compliance Technologies to report such charitable contributions to the CCO within ten (10) days after the contribution has been made. The information being reported must include the name of the employee that gave the contribution, the name of the recipient of the contribution, the amount of the contribution, and whether or not the charity or any person associated with the charity has an existing or potential relationship with the firm and/or the employee giving the contribution.
Responsibility
The CCO is responsible for administering the above-stated policies. Questions regarding these policies should be directed to the CCO.
Code of Ethics
Implementation Date: May 31, 2019
General
The Code of Ethics is predicated on the principle that ClariVest owes a fiduciary duty to its Clients.1 Accordingly, Employees must avoid activities, interests and relationships that run contrary (or appear to run contrary) to the best interests of Clients. At all times, ClariVest will:
• | Place Client interests ahead of ClariVest’s – As a fiduciary, ClariVest will serve in its Clients’ best interests. In other words, Employees may not benefit at the expense of advisory Clients. |
• | Engage in personal investing that is in full compliance with ClariVest’s Code of Ethics – Access Persons must review and abide by ClariVest’s Personal Securities Transaction, and all Employees must review and abide by ClariVest’s Insider Trading Policies. |
• | Avoid taking advantage of your position – Employees must not accept investment opportunities, gifts or other gratuities from individuals seeking to conduct business with ClariVest, or on behalf of an advisory client, unless in compliance with the Gifts and Entertainment Policy set forth in the Compliance Manual. |
• | Maintain full compliance with the Federal Securities Laws – Employees must abide by the standards set forth in Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 under the IC Act. |
Any questions with respect to ClariVest’s Code of Ethics should be directed to the CCO and/or the Senior Compliance Associate or outside counsel. As discussed in greater detail below, Employees must promptly report any violations of the Code of Ethics to the CCO. All reported Code of Ethics violations will be treated as being made on an anonymous basis.
Potential Risks
In developing these policies and procedures, ClariVest considered the material risks associated with administering the Code of Ethics. This analysis includes risks such as:
• | Access persons engaging in various personal trading practices that wrongly use Non-Public Information. (These practices include but are not limited to trading ahead of Clients and passing Non-Public Information on to spouses and other persons over whose accounts the access person has control.) |
• | Access persons being able to front run Clients' trades and systematically move profitable trades to a personal account and let less profitable trades remain in Clients’ accounts. |
• | Personal trading that is conducted in violation of ClariVest's policies and procedures set forth below, including personal trading conducted by dual employees. |
• | Personal trading that may detract from the ability of one or more Access Persons to perform services for Clients. |
• | The personal trading of Access Persons does not comply with certain provisions of Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act (and Rule 17j-1 of the IC Act), or with the provisions of the Code of Ethics. |
1 | S.E.C. v. Capital Gains Research, Inc., 375 U.S. at 191-192 (1963). |
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• | Employees not being aware of what constitutes insider information. |
• | Employees serving as trustees and/or directors of outside organizations without prior approval. (This could present a conflict in a number of ways, for example, if ClariVest wants to recommend the organization for investment or if the organization is one of ClariVest’s service providers.) |
• | Employees using firm property, including research, supplies, and equipment, for personal benefit. |
• | ClariVest or its “Covered Associates” make political contributions or coordinate political contributions in violation of Rule 206(4)-5, or their contributions are not monitored properly. |
• | Employees use social networking sites in a manner that could be construed as marketing on behalf of ClariVest. |
ClariVest has established the following guidelines to effectuate and monitor ClariVest’s Code of Ethics.
Defined Terms
1. | ACCESS PERSON - all of ClariVest’s Employees who (1) have access to nonpublic information regarding any Client’s purchase or sale of securities, or nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Reportable Fund, or (2) are involved in making securities recommendations to Clients, or who have access to such recommendations that are nonpublic. ClariVest’s Senior Adviser and outside directors are not Access Persons because they do not have the access or involvement described in the first sentence of this definition. |
2. | AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN - A program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan. |
3. | BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP - As set forth under Rule 16a-1(a)(2), which determines whether a person is subject to the provision of Section 16 of the 34 Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, generally the term beneficial owner shall mean any person who, directly or indirectly, has or shares a direct or indirect “pecuniary interest” (i.e., some economic benefit) in the Security. This may also include securities held by members of an Access Person’s immediate family sharing the same household; provided however, this presumption may be rebutted. The term immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother- in-law, or sister-in-law and includes adoptive relationships. Any report of beneficial ownership required hereunder shall not be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the securities to which the report relates. |
4. | CCO – Tiffany Ayres, ClariVest’s Chief Compliance Officer. |
5. | CFO – Jeff Jacobson, ClariVest’s Chief Financial Officer. |
6. | CIO – Todd Wolter and/or David Vaughn. |
7. | CLIENTS - ClariVest’s separate managed accounts, mutual funds and Investment Funds. |
8. | COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT - ClariVest's employees who are designated to administer components of ClariVest's compliance program. The CCO is a member of, and is responsible for supervising, the Compliance Department. |
9. | CONTRIBUTION - A gift, subscription, loan, advance, deposit of money, or anything of value made to an Official, political party or political action committee, as applicable. |
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10. | COVERED ASSOCIATE - (a) ClariVest’s general partner, managing member or executive officer, or other individual with a similar status or function; (b) any Employee; (c) any political action committee controlled by ClariVest or by any of its Covered Associates; or (d) members of an Employees’ immediate family sharing the same household. Immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Adoptive relationships are included. |
11. | COVERED INVESTMENT POOL - (a) any investment company registered under the IC Act that is an investment option of a plan or program of a Government Entity or (b) any investment company that would be an investment company under IC Act section 3(a) but for the exclusion provided by IC Act section 3(c)(1), 3(c)(7) or 3(c)(11). |
12. | EMPLOYEES – ClariVest’s “supervised persons”, as defined in the Advisers Act, are its officers and employees. |
13. | FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS - Means the 33 Act, 34 Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, IC Act, Advisers Act, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Commission under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the SEC or the Department of the Treasury. |
14. | FRONT-RUNNING - A practice generally understood to be investment advisory personnel personally trading ahead of client accounts. |
15. | GOVERNMENT ENTITY - Any state or local government, any of its agencies or instrumentalities, or any public pension plan or other collective government fund, including any participant-directed plan such as a 403(b), 457 or 529 plan. |
16. | INSIDER TRADING - Although not defined in securities laws, insider trading is generally described as trading either personally or on behalf of others on the basis of material Non-Public Information or communicating material Non-Public Information to others in violation of the law. |
17. | LIMITED OFFERING – An offering that is exempt from registration under the 33 Act pursuant to section 4(2) or section 4(6) or pursuant to Rules 504, 505, or 506 of Regulation D. |
18. | OFFICIAL - An incumbent, candidate or successful candidate for elective office of a Government Entity. |
19. | REPORTABLE FUND – Any fund for which ClariVest serves as the investment adviser as defined in section 2(a)(20) of the IC Act, or any fund whose investment adviser or principal underwriter controls ClariVest, is controlled by ClariVest, or is under common control with ClariVest, including any Mutual Fund. |
20. | REPORTABLE SECURITY – Any Security, with five (5) exceptions: 1. Transactions and holdings in direct obligations of the Government of the United States; 2. Money market instruments — bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments; 3. Shares of money market funds; 4. Transactions and holdings in shares of other types of Funds, which are not Reportable Funds; and 5. Transactions in units of a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is invested exclusively in Funds which are not Reportable Funds. |
21. | SCALPING – A practice generally understood to be investment advisory personnel personally benefiting from small gains in short-term personal trades in securities being traded in advisory accounts. |
22. | SECURITIES ACCOUNT - brokerage account in which any Securities are held. |
23. | SECURITY – Means any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security", or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guaranty of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing. |
Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning given them in ClariVest’s Compliance Manual.
Guiding Principles & Standards of Conduct
All Employees of ClariVest shall:
• | Act in an ethical manner with the public, Clients, prospective clients, employers, Employees, colleagues in the investment profession, and other participants in the global capital markets; |
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• | Place the integrity of the investment profession, the interests of Clients, and the interests of ClariVest above one’s own personal financial interests; |
• | Adhere to the fundamental standard that you should not take inappropriate advantage of your position; |
• | Avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest; |
• | Conduct all personal securities transactions in a manner consistent with this policy; |
• | Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment when conducting investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions, and engaging in other professional activities; |
• | Practice, and encourage others to practice, in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect favorably on the Employee, ClariVest and the profession; and |
• | Comply with applicable provisions of the Federal Securities Laws. |
1. | Personal Security Transaction Policy |
In order for ClariVest to minimize compliance risks such as Scalping, Front-Running or the appearance of a conflict of interest with the trading conducted for ClariVest Clients, Access Persons of ClariVest are prohibited from engaging in transactions in publicly-traded Reportable Securities that are equities or derivatives of equities (such as options, puts, calls, etc.) in which the person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, except for (a) transactions in ETFs and derivatives of ETFs, (b) ownership as a result of employer sponsored compensation programs, (c) participation in an employer’s qualified retirement plan, (d) exempt securities described below in “Reportable and Exempt Securities” or (e) exempt transactions described below in “Exceptions from Reporting Requirements”. Subject to the following paragraph, Access Persons are permitted to invest in privately-held Reportable Securities and publicly-traded Reportable Securities that are not equities or derivatives of equities (such as municipal bonds, etc.).
Access Persons may not participate in initial public offerings, and must have written pre-clearance from the Compliance Department for securities transactions involving limited offerings, including investments in an investment company advised or sub-advised by ClariVest that would be an investment company under IC Act section 3(a) but for the exclusion provided by IC Act section 3(c)(1), 3(c)(7) or 3(c)(11). (See “Pre- clearance” below for additional information.) For purposes of this policy a limited offering shall be a security that has a market capitalization of less than $500 million or a security that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933. The Compliance Department shall (a) obtain from the Access Person full details of the proposed transaction; and (b) except with respect to funds advised/sub-advised by ClariVest, conclude that the security does not fit the investment strategy recommended by ClariVest and if so, that no Clients have any foreseeable interest in ClariVest purchasing such security on their behalf. The Compliance Department may request a copy of any offering materials (subscription agreement, etc.) associated with the Limited Offering.
PLEASE NOTE THAT ACCESS PERSONS MUST PRE-CLEAR AND REPORT ANY PERSONAL TRANSACTION IN ANY FUND FOR WHICH CLARIVEST SERVES AS THE INVESTMENT ADVISER OR SUB-ADVISER AND ANY OTHER REPORTABLE FUND. (SEE “PRE-CLEARANCE” BELOW FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.) |
Reportable and Exempt Securities
Reportable Securities are any Securities, with five (5) exceptions: 1. Transactions and holdings in direct obligations of the Government of the United States; 2. Money market instruments — bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments; 3. Shares of money market funds; 4. Transactions and holdings in shares of other types of Funds, which are not Reportable Funds; and 5. Transactions in units of a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is invested exclusively in Funds which are not Reportable Funds.
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Commodities, futures and options traded on a commodities exchange, including currency futures are not considered securities. However, futures and options on any group or index of securities shall be considered securities.
Beneficial Ownership
Access Persons are considered to have beneficial ownership of securities if they have or share a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the securities. Access Persons have a pecuniary interest in securities if they have the ability to directly or indirectly profit from a securities transaction.
The following are examples of indirect pecuniary interests in securities; provided however, this presumption may be rebutted:
• | Securities held by members of an Access Person’s immediate family sharing the same household. Immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Adoptive relationships are included; |
• | Access Person’s interests as a general partner in securities held by a general or limited partnership; and |
• | Access Person’s interests as a manager/member in the securities held by a limited liability company. |
An Access Person does not have an indirect pecuniary interest in securities held by entities in which they hold an equity interest unless they are a controlling equity holder or they share investment control over the securities held by the entity.
The following circumstances constitute beneficial ownership by Access Persons of securities held by a trust:
• | Ownership of securities as a trustee where either the Access Person or members of the Access Person’s immediate family have a vested interest in the principal or income of the trust; |
• | Ownership of a vested beneficial interest in a trust; and |
• | An Access Person’s status as a settlor/grantor of a trust, unless the consent of all of the beneficiaries is required in order for the Access Person to revoke the trust. |
For purposes of clarification, in no event will an account or pooled vehicle managed by ClariVest be subject to the Personal Security Transaction Policy, including by virtue of the fact that ClariVest receives a performance or incentive fee with respect to such account or vehicle.
Reporting
Quarterly Transaction Reports
Each Access Person will work with the Compliance Department to ensure that such Access Person’s broker- dealers send ClariVest’s Compliance Department duplicate trade confirmations and/or account statements of the Access Person when possible, at a minimum, no later than thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar quarter.
Except as set forth in the following sentence, each Access Person of ClariVest shall provide the Compliance Department with quarterly transaction reports that disclose all transactions in Reportable Securities in which the person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership (except for exempt transactions listed in the section below entitled “Exceptions from Reporting Requirements”). The quarterly transaction reports from Access Persons shall contain disclosure of any transactions not reflected in a brokerage statement delivered to the Compliance Department within thirty (30) days of quarter end. If a brokerage statement does not include the information required on Attachment A, then that information must be reported on the quarterly transaction report. The quarterly transaction reports are due within thirty (30) days of quarter end and shall contain a confirmation by the Access Person that the Access Person has not engaged in any prohibited securities transaction. See Attachment A.
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Access Persons shall also report on a quarterly basis, not later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter, the name of any brokerage account established by the Access Person during the quarter in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Employee, the date the account was established, and the date the report was submitted. Access Persons shall also report any brokerage account closed by the Access Person during such quarter. See Attachment B.
The quarterly transaction reports and quarterly account opening/closing reports submitted by Access Persons are reviewed by the Compliance Department to confirm compliance with the Code of Ethics.
ACCESS PERSONS ARE REMINDED THAT THEY MUST ALSO REPORT TRANSACTIONS BY MEMBERS OF THE ACCESS PERSON’S IMMEDIATE FAMILY INCLUDING SPOUSE, CHILDREN AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE HOUSEHOLD IN ACCOUNTS OVER WHICH THE ACCESS PERSON HAS DIRECT OR INDIRECT INFLUENCE OR CONTROL. |
Initial and Annual Holdings Reports
New ClariVest Access Persons are required to report all of their Reportable Securities holdings and Securities Accounts not later than 10 days after the commencement of their employment (See Attachment C for a copy of the Initial Securities Accounts Report and Attachment D for a copy of the Initial Holdings Report). These reports must be current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes subject to this Code. Access Persons are permitted to retain any Reportable Securities held by them as of their hire date. If any Access Person chooses to hold such Reportable Securities, he/she must obtain prior written approval from the Compliance Department should he/she ever want to sell any publicly- traded Reportable Security that is an equity or derivative of an equity (other than ETFs or derivatives of ETFs). (See “Pre-clearance” below for additional information.) The initial holdings reports and initial securities accounts reports submitted by Access Persons are reviewed by the Compliance Department to confirm compliance with the Code of Ethics.
Existing Access Persons are required to provide ClariVest with a complete list of Reportable Securities holdings and Securities Accounts on an annual basis, on or before February 14th of each year. The report shall be current at least as of December 31st, which is a date no more than 45 days from the final date the report is due to be submitted. (See Attachment E for a copy of the Annual Securities Accounts Report and Attachment F for a copy of the Annual Holdings Report). The annual holdings reports and annual securities accounts reports submitted by Access Persons are reviewed by the Compliance Department to confirm compliance with the Code of Ethics.
In the event that an Access Person submits brokerage or custodial statements to satisfy the initial and/or annual holdings report requirement, the Access Person must be certain that such statements include the information found on the applicable Attachments.
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AS NOTED ABOVE, ACCESS PERSONS MUST REPORT THE NAME OF ANY BROKER, DEALER OR BANK WITH WHICH THE ACCESS PERSON MAINTAINS AN ACCOUNT IN WHICH ANY SECURITIES ARE HELD FOR THE ACCESS PERSON’S DIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFIT. PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS REQUIREMENT DOES NOT PROVIDE FOR ANY EXEMPTIONS TO THE DEFINITION OF A SECURITY. THUS, IF AN ACCESS PERSON HAS A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A NON-REPORTABLE SECURITY IN AN ACCOUNT THAT HAS NOT PREVIOUSLY BEEN REPORTED, THE NAME OF THE BROKER, DEALER OR BANK WHERE THESE ACCOUNTS ARE MAINTAINED MUST BE REPORTED. |
Exceptions from Reporting Requirements
An Access Person is not required to submit a transaction report with respect to transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan (such as a 401(k) or an employee stock ownership plan). The CCO will determine on a case-by-case basis whether an account qualifies for either of these exceptions.
Accounts managed by an unaffiliated money manager
ClariVest Access Persons may be permitted to delegate investment authority of a personal brokerage account to an unaffiliated money manager. The Access Person may not have any direct or indirect influence or control over the holdings or security transactions in the account, thus constituting a “fully-discretionary” account. Fully-discretionary accounts require pre-approval and must be reported when opened on the Quarterly Account Opening/Closing Reporting Form, or, where applicable, on the Initial Securities Accounts Report and Annual Securities Account Report.
Quarterly, Access Persons will certify their compliance with ClariVest’s Personal Security Transaction Policy by attesting that all security transactions were effected at the unaffiliated money manager’s sole discretion. Annually thereafter, ClariVest will seek a certification from the unaffiliated money manager that they have not received nor taken instruction from the Access Person requesting a transaction in any particular security. Note that the Access Person is permitted to request a contribution to/withdrawal from the account, but the unaffiliated money manager must decide which securities to buy/sell, as applicable.
Finally, the Access Person will work with the Compliance Department to ensure that it is receiving quarterly brokerage statements from its unaffiliated money manager.
Trading and Review
ClariVest strictly forbids Front-Running client accounts, which is a practice generally understood to be Access Persons personally trading ahead of proposed client transactions. In order to minimize the risk of Front-Running, ClariVest prohibits personal securities transactions in most publicly-traded Reportable Securities as described above under “Personal Security Transaction Policy”. The Compliance Department will closely monitor Access Persons’ investment patterns to confirm compliance with these restrictions. The Senior Compliance Associate will monitor the CCO’s personal securities transactions for compliance with the Personal Security Transaction Policy.
If ClariVest discovers that an Access Person is personally trading contrary to the policies set forth above, the Employee shall meet with the CCO to review the facts surrounding the transactions.
Pre-clearance
The following procedures shall apply to any situation in which an Access Person must obtain pre-clearance for a trade. Access Persons shall request pre-clearance in writing (which includes requests by e-mail).
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Once pre-clearance is granted to an Access Person, such Access Person may only transact in that security for the time period specified by the Compliance Department. If the Access Person wishes to transact in that security on any other day, they must again obtain pre-clearance from the Compliance Department.
Reporting Violations and Remedial Actions
ClariVest takes the potential for conflicts of interest caused by personal investing very seriously. As such, ClariVest requires its Employees to promptly report any violations of the Code of Ethics to the CCO.
If any violation of ClariVest’s Personal Security Transaction Policy is determined to have occurred, the CCO may impose sanctions and take such other actions as he/she deems appropriate, including, without limitation, requiring that the trades in question be reversed, requiring the disgorgement of profits or gifts, issuing a letter of caution or warning, issuing a suspension of personal trading rights or suspension of employment (with or without compensation), imposing a fine, making a civil referral to the SEC, making a criminal referral, and/or terminating employment for cause or any combination of the foregoing. All sanctions and other actions taken shall be in accordance with applicable employment laws and regulations. Any profits or gifts forfeited shall be paid to the applicable client(s), if any, or given to a charity, as the CCO shall determine is appropriate.
No person shall participate in a determination of whether he or she has committed a violation of this Policy or in the imposition of any sanction against himself or herself; provided that such person may be given an opportunity to provide any explanations or additional information that the CCO may or may not consider in making his/her determination.
2. | Insider Trading Policy |
Section 204A of the Advisers Act requires every investment adviser to establish, maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material, Non-Public Information by any person associated with such investment adviser. In accordance with Section 204A, ClariVest has instituted the following procedures to prevent the misuse of Non-Public Information.
Securities laws have been interpreted to prohibit the following activities:
• | Trading by an insider while in possession of material Non-Public Information; or |
• | Trading by a non-insider while in possession of material Non-Public Information, where the information was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider’s duty to keep it confidential; or |
• | Communicating material Non-Public Information to others in breach of a fiduciary duty. |
Whom Does the Policy Cover?
This policy covers all of ClariVest’s Employees. This policy also covers any transactions in any securities participated in by family members, trusts or corporations directly or indirectly controlled by such persons. In addition, the policy applies to transactions engaged in by corporations in which the Employee is an officer, director or 10% or greater stockholder and a partnership of which the Employee is a partner unless the Employee has no direct or indirect control over the partnership.
The Compliance Department will obtain information from Employees regarding any meetings with public company executives or representatives. The Compliance Department maintains a log of these visits and will review trading for evidence of inside information for 10 business days following the meeting.
Note that this policy does not cover ClariVest’s outside board members, who do not have the access or involvement described in the first sentence of this subsection.
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What Information is Material?
Individuals may not be held liable for trading on inside information unless the information is material. Information is generally viewed to be “material” where: (i) there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider the information important in making an investment decision; (ii) the disclosure of the information would be viewed by the reasonable investor as having significantly altered the ‘total mix’ of information made available; or (iii) the disclosure of the information is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the market price of the security. Advance knowledge of the following types of information is generally regarded as Material:
• | Dividend or earnings announcements |
• | Write-downs or write-offs of assets |
• | Additions to reserves for bad debts or contingent liabilities |
• | Expansion or curtailment of company or major division operations |
• | Merger, joint venture announcements |
• | New product/service announcements |
• | Discovery or research developments |
• | Criminal, civil and government investigations and indictments |
• | Pending labor disputes |
• | Debt service or liquidity problems |
• | Bankruptcy or insolvency problems |
• | Tender offers, stock repurchase plans, etc. |
• | Recapitalization |
Information provided by a company could be material because of its expected effect on a particular class of a company’s securities, all of the company’s securities, the securities of another company, or the securities of several companies. The misuse of material Non-Public Information applies to all types of securities, including equity, debt, commercial paper, government securities and options.
Material Information does not have to relate to a company’s business. For example, Material Information about the contents of an upcoming newspaper column may affect the price of a security, and therefore be considered material.
What Information is Non-Public?
In order for issues concerning inside trading to arise, information must not only be material, but also Non- Public.
Once material, Non-Public Information has been effectively distributed to the investing public, it is no longer classified as material, Non-Public Information. However, the distribution of Non-Public Information must occur through commonly recognized channels for the classification to change. In addition, the information must not only be publicly disclosed, there must be adequate time for the public to receive and digest the information. Lastly, Non-Public Information does not change to public information solely by selective dissemination.
Employees must be aware that even where there is no expectation of confidentiality, a person may become an insider upon receiving material, Non-Public Information. Whether the “tip” made to the Employee makes him/her a “tippee” depends on whether the corporate insider expects to benefit personally, either directly or indirectly, from the disclosure.
The “benefit” is not limited to a present or future monetary gain; it could be a reputational benefit or an expectation of a quid pro quo from the recipient by a gift of the information. Employees may also become insiders or tippees if they obtain material, Non-Public Information from acquaintances, at social gatherings, by overhearing conversations, etc.
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Selective Disclosure
Employees must never disclose proposed/pending trades to any client or other individual/entity outside of ClariVest (other than the entity trading the security for ClariVest), except in connection with the transition of a client’s funds into or out of a ClariVest strategy. Additionally, ClariVest must be careful when disclosing the composition of Clients’ portfolios without obtaining consent from the Compliance Department. Federal Securities Laws may specifically prohibit the dissemination of such information and doing so may be construed as a violation of ClariVest’s fiduciary duty to Clients. Selectively disclosing the portfolio holdings of a client’s portfolio to certain investors/outside parties may also be viewed as ClariVest engaging in a practice of favoritism. Including information regarding Clients’ portfolio holdings in marketing materials and ClariVest’s website is subject to the Compliance Department's approval in accordance with ClariVest’s Marketing policy and procedures. All inquiries that are received by Employees to disclose portfolio holdings must be reported to the Compliance Department before such holdings are provided. In determining whether or not to approve the dissemination of holdings information, the Compliance Department will consider, among other things, how current the holdings information is. However, in no case will the Compliance Department approve the dissemination of holdings information that is less than one (1) month old (except for limited holdings information (such as top-ten holdings) or information provided in connection with an upcoming account funding or transition, which may be disseminated before it is one (1) month old). ClariVest may also maintain other practices applicable to holdings disclosure policies as agreed with clients.
ClariVest will provide Clients with certain information relating to the holdings or performance of their accounts, as requested. All Clients are provided with the opportunity to request such information to ensure that no selective disclosure of such information has occurred.
Procedures to follow if an Employee Believes that he/she Possesses Material, Non-Public Information
If an Employee has questions as to whether they are in possession of material, Non-Public Information, they must inform the CCO as soon as possible. From this point, the Employee and CCO will conduct research to determine if the information is likely to be considered important to investors in making investment decisions, and whether the information has been publicly disseminated.
Given the severe penalties imposed on individuals and firms engaging in inside trading, Employees:
• | Shall not trade the securities of any company in which they are deemed insiders who may possess material, Non-Public Information about the company. |
• | Shall not engage in personal securities transactions of any company, except in accordance with ClariVest’s Personal Security Transaction Policy and the securities laws. |
• | Shall not discuss any potentially material, Non-Public Information with colleagues, except as specifically required by their position. |
• | Shall not proceed with any trading, etc. of a company if they possess material, Non-Public Information about that company until the CCO informs the Employee of the appropriate course of action. |
ClariVest’s Compliance Department will periodically review a sampling of employee emails and instant messages to look for evidence of violations of this policy. If the Compliance Department locates evidence of such activity, the CCO will inform the CIOs and discuss the appropriate response. The Compliance Department will maintain documentation regarding any such violations.
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3. | Restrictions on spreading false or misleading rumors |
Market events in 2008 highlighted the potential impact of false rumors on stock prices, and regulators including the SEC responded by reminding market participants that they are prohibited from intentionally spreading false rumors to impact the financial condition of an issuer.
ClariVest Employees are prohibited from spreading rumors that they know are false or misleading with the intention of impacting a security price and/or profiting from its dissemination; for example, by shorting a stock and saying the company is in danger of collapse. If an Employee obtains information that it believes may be false or misleading, the Employee will notify the CCO before conducting any trading based on that information.
ClariVest’s Compliance Department (or its designee) will periodically review a sampling of Employee emails and instant messages to look for evidence of violations of this policy. If the Compliance Department locates evidence of such activity, the CCO will inform the CIOs and discuss the appropriate response. The Compliance Department will maintain documentation regarding any such violations.
4. | Serving As Officers, Trustees and/or Directors of Outside Organizations |
Employees may, under certain circumstances, be granted permission to serve as directors, trustees or officers of outside organizations. These organizations can include public or private corporations, partnerships, charitable foundations and other not-for-profit institutions. Employees may also receive compensation for such activities.
As an outside board member or officer, an Employee may come into possession of material Non-Public Information about the outside company, or other public companies. It is critical that a proper information barrier be in place between ClariVest and the outside organization, and that the Employee does not communicate such information to other Employees in violation of the information barrier.
Similarly, ClariVest may have a business relationship with the outside organization or may seek a relationship in the future. In those circumstances, the Employee must not be involved in the decision to retain or hire the outside organization.
Employees are prohibited from engaging in such outside activities without the prior approval from the Compliance Department. See Attachment G. Approval will be granted on a case by case basis, subject to proper resolution of potential conflicts of interest. Outside activities will be approved only if any conflict of interest issues can be satisfactorily resolved and all of the necessary disclosures are made on Part 2A of Form ADV.
5. | Diversion of Firm Business or Investment Opportunity |
Except in their role as a dual employee of Eagle, no Employee may acquire, or receive personal gain or profit from, any business opportunity that comes to his or her attention as a result of his or her association with ClariVest and in which he or she knows ClariVest might be expected to participate or have an interest in participating, without disclosing in writing all necessary facts to the CCO, offering the particular opportunity to ClariVest, and obtaining written authorization to participate from the CCO.
Any personal or family interest of an Employee in any ClariVest business activity or transaction must be immediately disclosed to the CCO. For example, if an Employee becomes aware that a transaction being considered or undertaken by ClariVest may benefit, either directly or indirectly, an Employee or a family member thereof, the Employee must immediately disclose this possibility to the CCO.
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6. | Loans |
No Employee may borrow funds from or become indebted to a client of ClariVest, except with respect to customary personal loans (e.g., home mortgage loans, automobile loans, lines of credit, etc.), unless the arrangement is disclosed in writing and receives prior approval from the CCO. No Employee may use ClariVest’s name, position in a particular market or goodwill to receive any benefit on loan transactions without the prior express written consent of the CCO.
7. | Dealings with Government and Industry Regulators |
Please refer to ClariVest’s stand-alone Fraud and Corruption Prevention Policy for information regarding ClariVest’s policies and procedures addressing payments to government and industry regulators and others.
It is expected and required that all Employees fulfill their personal obligations to governmental and regulatory bodies. Those obligations include the filing of appropriate federal, state and local tax returns, as well as the filing of any applicable forms or reports required by regulatory bodies.
All Employees are required to cooperate fully with management in connection with any internal or independent investigation and any claims, actions, arbitrations, litigations, investigations or inquiries brought by or against ClariVest.
8. | Improper Use of ClariVest Property |
No Employee may utilize the investment management property of ClariVest or utilize the services of ClariVest, its principals or Employees, for his or her personal benefit or the benefit of another person or entity (except in connection with ClariVest’s business), without approval of the CCO. For this purpose, “investment management property” means both tangible and intangible property, including ClariVest funds, information, business plans, business opportunities, confidential research, intellectual property or proprietary processes, and ideas for new research or services.
Except for immaterial use, no Employee may utilize other property of ClariVest or utilize the services of ClariVest, its principals or Employees, for his or her personal benefit or the benefit of another person or entity, without approval of the CCO (except in connection with ClariVest’s business). For this purpose, “other property” means both tangible and intangible property, including premises, equipment and supplies.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, certain employees of ClariVest, including the members of ClariVest's investment team and client service/marketing team, are dual employees of ClariVest and our affiliate Eagle. As dual employees, these individuals perform services for both ClariVest and Eagle. When they are performing services for ClariVest and its Clients, these employees are subject to the supervision and control of ClariVest. When they are performing services for Eagle and its clients, these employees are subject to the supervision and control of Eagle.
In performing services for Eagle and its clients, the investment team dual employees will be using property of ClariVest, including our investment processes, to manage certain products of Eagle. ClariVest has approved of this use of our property, and will receive compensation from Eagle in connection therewith.
Dual Employee policies and procedures
All dual employees of ClariVest and Eagle are subject to this Code of Ethics, including the personal trading restrictions set forth herein.
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9. | Protection of ClariVest’s Name |
Employees should at all times be aware that ClariVest’s name, reputation and credibility are valuable assets and must be safeguarded from any potential misuse. Care should be exercised to avoid the unauthorized use of ClariVest’s name in any manner that could be misinterpreted to indicate a relationship between ClariVest and any other entity or activity.
10. | Employee Involvement in Litigation or Proceedings |
Employees must notify the CCO immediately if they become involved in or threatened with litigation or an administrative investigation or proceeding of any kind, are subject to any judgment, order or arrest, or are contacted by any regulatory authority. Employees must also notify the CCO immediately of changes to any disclosures in form U-4 or ADV Part 2B.
11. | Travel Expenses |
Employees may charge against appropriate ClariVest accounts normal and reasonable travel and travel- related expenses incurred for a ClariVest business purpose. Such expenses may include meals and incidentals, travel costs (air, train, etc.), lodging expenses, business phone calls and other miscellaneous travel related expenses. When incurring such expenses, Employees must use reasonable judgment and generally be aware of escalating travel costs. While ClariVest has not prescribed limits on such expenses, ClariVest may reiterate its policy with Employees as necessary.
ClariVest will pay for travel expenses (airline, hotel, meals and incidentals) related to Employees’ attendance at conferences, company visits, etc. In the event that any such expenses are included as part of the event (i.e. a broker-dealer charters a jet for numerous investment firms, including ClariVest, to visit a company, etc.), ClariVest shall determine the reasonableness of such expenses and may choose to approximate the value of such expenses and forward the third-party a reimbursement check. ClariVest has adopted this policy in order to avoid any perceived conflict of interest associated with our relationships with outside service providers.
12. | Political Contributions Policy Statement on Contributions |
ClariVest complies with SEC Rule 206(4)-5 regarding “pay-to-play” practices by investment advisers. ClariVest will not make any Contributions. No Contributions may be made by Covered Associates without the prior approval of the Compliance Department.
Rule 206(4)-5(d) makes it unlawful for any investment adviser covered by the rule and its Covered Associates to do anything indirectly which, if done directly, would result in a violation of this section. ClariVest will require its Covered Associates to certify annually that they have not done anything indirectly which, if done directly, would result in a violation of Rule 206(4)-5.
Political Contribution Review and Approval Forms
Before becoming an Employee, the prospective Employee must identify to the Compliance Department all relevant Contributions in the previous two years (these would include contributions by the Employee and its immediate family and controlled-PACs, each as described in the definition of “Covered Associate”). The form of the Political Contribution Review Form is attached as Attachment H.
Thereafter, each Covered Associate must complete a Political Contribution Approval Form (attached as Attachment I) and receive authorization before any additional Contributions by a Covered Associate. A Covered Associate may be given permission for Contributions totaling up to $350 per election to an Official for whom the individual is entitled to vote, and up to $150 per election to an Official for whom the individual is not entitled to vote, but approval on a Political Contribution Approval Form is required.
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Contributions to political parties and political action committees will generally be approved, but approval on a Political Contribution Approval Form is required. Where an employee has a periodic, on-going contribution to a political action committee (for example, in the case of union dues where a portion of the dues go to a PAC), the employee will be required to obtain pre-approval of such periodic contributions at least annually and/or when he/she becomes aware that the dollar amount of the contribution as changed.
Annually, each Covered Associate must certify to ClariVest that (1) such Covered Associate has informed the members of his/her immediate family sharing the same household of the pay to play policies and procedures set forth in ClariVest’s Code of Ethics, (2) such Covered Associate (and its immediate family and controlled-PACs, each as described in the definition of “Covered Associate”) has complied with this policy, and (3) such Covered Associate (and its immediate family and controlled-PACs, each as described in the definition of “Covered Associate”) has requested and received all required approvals for each Contribution in the past year, or give ClariVest a report disclosing all Contributions made during that year. These certifications are part of ClariVest’s annual Compliance Manual certification attached hereto.
Contribution Approvals
No Contributions may be made without the prior written approval of the Compliance Department. The Compliance Department will notify the Covered Associate of approval or denial of clearance to make a Contribution. If a Covered Associate receives approval to make a Contribution, such Covered Associate must make that Contribution within the time period specified by the Compliance Department. If the Contribution is not made within such time period, the Covered Associate must request approval again. As set forth above, where a Covered Associate has a periodic, on-going contribution to a political action committee (for example, in the case of union dues where a portion of the dues go to a PAC), the Covered Associate will be required to obtain pre-approval of such periodic contributions at least annually and/or when he/she becomes aware that the dollar amount of the contribution as changed.
Review of Contributions
ClariVest will review all Contributions made by its Covered Associates to monitor compliance with this policy. ClariVest reserves the right to require a Covered Associate to cancel and request a reimbursement of, at the Covered Associate’s expense, any Contribution if ClariVest believes such Contribution might violate this policy or appears improper. Except as required to enforce this policy or to participate in any investigation concerning violations of applicable law, ClariVest will keep all such information confidential.
Restrictions on Soliciting or Coordinating Contributions
ClariVest and its Covered Associates may not solicit or coordinate (1) Contributions for an Official of a Government Entity to which ClariVest is providing (or seeking to provide) advisory services or (2) any Contribution to a political party of a state or locality where ClariVest is providing or seeking to provide advisory services. ClariVest’s Covered Associates must obtain pre-approval before they solicit or coordinate (1) Contributions for an Official of a Government Entity or (2) any Contribution to a political party of a state or locality. The form to use for this purpose is attached as Attachment J.
Recordkeeping
ClariVest’s Compliance Department will keep records of:
• | ClariVest’s Covered Associates, including their name, title(s), and business and residence address (excluding the individuals set forth in part (d) of the definition of “Covered Associate”, as they are not covered by the SEC’s definition of “covered associate”) |
• | All Government Entities that ClariVest has provided services to in the past five years (but not prior to September 13, 2010). Starting September 13, 2011, this will include Government Entities that are investors in Covered Investment Pools |
• | All Contributions made to an Official of a Government Entity in chronological order (including the name and title of the contributor and recipient, the amount, the date, and whether the contribution was subject to rule 206(4)-5’s exception for certain returned contributions) |
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• | All Contributions made to a political party in chronological order (including the name and title of the contributor and recipient, the amount, the date, and whether the contribution was subject to rule 206(4)-5’s exception for certain returned contributions) |
• | All Contributions made to a PAC in chronological order (including the name and title of the contributor and recipient, the amount, the date, and whether the contribution was subject to rule 206(4)-5’s exception for certain returned contributions) |
13. | Social Networking |
Although the SEC has not engaged in any formal rule-making with respect to the use of social networking websites by advisers, it is possible that the use of these sites could be deemed advertising depending on the content, context and recipient of the information disclosed on such a site. ClariVest is adopting this policy to minimize the risk that the use of these sites could be deemed advertising by ClariVest.
Employees are not restricted from accessing social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn or blogs from their work computers. However, any access by Employees from their work computers should be limited to reasonable, immaterial use. Moreover, use of social networking sites is subject to ClariVest’s Employee Handbook, including, without limitation, the Operations Policies addressing Use of Communication Systems and Internet Code of Conduct.
Unless otherwise approved in writing by the Compliance Department, Employees are prohibited from using social networking sites, blogs or bulletin boards to engage in marketing or advertising of ClariVest’s products or services. Employees may not post any information on any social networking site, blog or bulletin board regarding ClariVest, its Clients or investments without pre-approval from the Compliance Department, other than the company name, the Employee’s title and employment dates, information contained on ClariVest’s website, and information contained in the Employees’ approved bio. (An Employee may obtain a copy of their approved bio from the Compliance Department upon request.) If an Employee would like to post any additional information regarding ClariVest, its Clients or investments on a social networking site, blog or bulletin board, they must obtain pre-approval from the Compliance Department before posting. To be clear, Employees are not required to obtain pre-approval of their resumes before submitting them in a one-on-one communication with a prospective employer or job search firm.
Quarterly, the Compliance Department will request employee certification of compliance with this Social Networking policy. Additionally, a member of the Compliance Department will periodically search Facebook, LinkedIn and Google+ for a sample of employee profiles and will review the information contained therein to confirm it complies with the foregoing policy.
14. | Disclosure |
ClariVest shall describe its Code of Ethics in Part 2A of Form ADV and, upon request, furnish Clients with a copy of the Code of Ethics.
The requirement to report on issues to ClariVest’s Clients, including fund and ERISA Client’s Boards, under this Code and securities regulations may include significant conflicts of interest that arise involving the personal investment policies, even if the conflicts have not resulted in a violation of this Code. For example, ClariVest may be required to report to a Client’s Board if a Portfolio Manager is a director of a company whose securities are held by the client’s portfolio.
If the CCO determines that a material violation of this Code has occurred, he or she shall promptly report the violation, and any enforcement action taken, to ClariVest’s senior management. If ClariVest’s senior management determines that such material violation appears to involve a fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative act, ClariVest will report its findings to the fund’s Board of Directors or Trustees pursuant to Rule 17j-1.
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Recordkeeping
ClariVest shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records shall be available for appropriate examination by representatives of regulatory authorities or ClariVest’s management.
• | A copy of this Code of Ethics and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible place; |
• | A record of any violation of this Code of Ethics and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs; |
• | A record of all written acknowledgements (annual certifications) as required by the Manual for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was, an Employee of ClariVest. |
• | A copy of each report made pursuant to this Code of Ethics by an Employee, including any information provided in lieu of reports, shall be preserved by the Company for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made or the information is provided, the first two years in an easily accessible place; |
• | A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code of Ethics, or who are or were responsible for reviewing these reports, shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; |
• | The Company shall preserve a record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition of any Limited Offering by Employees for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted, the first two years in an easily accessible place. |
• | [17j-1] A copy of each finding presented to the Board of a fund shall be preserved by ClariVest for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the record is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place. |
Responsibility
The CCO will be responsible for administering the Code of Ethics. All questions regarding the policy should be directed to the CCO. ClariVest shall provide the Code of Ethics and all amendments to all Employees, and such Employees must annually acknowledge in writing their receipt and understanding of the Code of Ethics and such amendments.
[17j-1] In the event a material change is made to the Personal Trading Policy of the Code of Ethics, the CCO shall inform the CCO of any fund which is a Client of such material change to enable the fund CCO to ensure that such material change is approved by such fund's Board no later than six months after adoption of the material change.
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Attachment A
Quarterly Transaction Reporting Form |
|||||
REPORTING EMPLOYEE NAME: | FOR QUARTER END: | ||||
I certify all the information in the following form is true and I did not participate in any prohibited securities transaction per the Code of Ethics for the specified quarter. | |||||
SIGNATURE: | DATE: |
Number of Shares |
Security Name |
Type (e.g., equity; fixed income) |
Ticker or CUSIP (if app.) |
Principal Amount |
Buy (acquire)/ Sell (dispose) |
Interest rate/ maturity |
Price |
Date |
Broker, Dealer or Bank |
In accordance with ClariVest’s Code of Ethics, please provide a list of all reportable securities transactions that have occurred during the previous calendar quarter in any account in which you maintain a pecuniary interest; provided that you are not required to report (1) transactions reflected in brokerage statements provided to the Compliance Department within 30 days of the end of the calendar quarter or (2) transactions for which you obtained pre-approval.
DELIVER TO THE COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT WITHIN 30 DAYS OF THE END OF EACH CALENDAR QUARTER.
USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS IF NECESSARY.
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Attachment B
Quarterly Account Opening/Closing Reporting Form | ||||
REPORTING EMPLOYEE NAME: | ||||
FOR QUARTER END: | ||||
In accordance with ClariVest’s Code of Ethics, please provide a list of all Securities Accounts that have opened/closed during the previous calendar quarter in which you maintain a pecuniary interest.
Name of Broker, Dealer or Bank |
Account Title |
Account Number |
Date of Account Establishment | Opened or Closed? |
I certify that this form fully discloses all of the newly opened accounts and closed accounts in which I have a pecuniary interest. Nothing in this report should be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the securities to which the report relates.
Print Name | |||
Signature | Date |
Reviewed by: | ||||||
Date of Review: | ||||||
Exception(s) Noted: | No | Yes | ||||
If Yes, Describe: | ||||||
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Attachment C
Initial Reporting – Securities Accounts
Employee | (PRINT NAME) | ||
Information submitted current as of | (PRINT DATE) |
In accordance with ClariVest’s Code of Ethics, please provide a list of all Securities Accounts in which you have a pecuniary interest.
Name of Broker, Dealer or Bank | Account Title | Account Number |
I certify that this form fully discloses all of the Securities Accounts in which I have a pecuniary interest.
Signature | Date |
Reviewed by: | ||||||
Date of Review: | ||||||
Exception(s) Noted: | No | Yes | ||||
If Yes, Describe: | ||||||
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Attachment D
Initial Reporting – Securities Holdings
In accordance with ClariVest’s Code of Ethics, please provide a list of all reportable securities in which you have a pecuniary interest. This includes securities held by broker-dealers and other custodians, at your home, in safe deposit boxes, and by an issuer.
Number of Shares | Security Name |
Type (e.g., equity; Fixed income) |
Ticker or CUSIP (if applicable) |
Principal Amount |
Use additional sheets as necessary.
I certify that this form fully discloses all of the reportable securities in which I have a pecuniary interest. Nothing in this report should be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the reportable security to which the report relates.
Signature | Date |
Reviewed by: | ||||||
Date of Review: | ||||||
Exception(s) Noted: | No | Yes | ||||
If Yes, Describe: | ||||||
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Attachment E
Annual Reporting – Securities Accounts
Employee | (PRINT NAME) | ||
Information submitted current as of | (PRINT DATE) |
In accordance with ClariVest’s Code of Ethics, please provide a list of all Securities Accounts in which you have a pecuniary interest.
Name of Broker, Dealer or Bank | Account Title | Account Number |
I certify that this form fully discloses all of the Securities Accounts in which I have a pecuniary interest.
Signature | Date |
Reviewed by: | ||||||
Date of Review: | ||||||
Exception(s) Noted: | No | Yes | ||||
If Yes, Describe: | ||||||
Page 21
Attachment F
Annual Reporting – Securities Holdings
In accordance with ClariVest’s Code of Ethics, please provide a list of all reportable securities in which you have a pecuniary interest. This includes reportable securities held by broker-dealers and other custodians, at your home, in safe deposit boxes, and by an issuer.
Number of Shares | Security Name |
Type (e.g., equity; Fixed income) |
Ticker or CUSIP (if applicable) |
Principal Amount |
Use additional sheets as necessary.
I certify that this form fully discloses all of the reportable securities in which I have a pecuniary interest. Nothing in this report should be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the reportable security to which the report relates.
Signature | Date |
Reviewed by: | ||||||
Date of Review: | ||||||
Exception(s) Noted: | No | Yes | ||||
If Yes, Describe: | ||||||
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Attachment G
Request for Approval of Outside Activity Form
The undersigned hereby requests approval for participation in the following outside activity: | ||
Name and address of company or organization: | ||
Nature of organization’s primary business or purpose: | ||
Is this a public company? (YES/NO) If YES, stock symbol: | ||
Complete description of anticipated role with organization: | ||
Describe any compensation you will receive: | ||
If this request for approval is granted: |
⮚ | I agree to notify the Chief Compliance Officer of any change in the above information. |
⮚ | I agree, for private or not-for-profit organizations, to seek approval to retain my position, as described above, if the organization decides to offer securities to the public, or ceases to maintain its not-for-profit status. |
⮚ | I am aware of no other EMPLOYEES who are officers or directors of the organization noted above. |
⮚ | I agree to adhere to the inside trading policies of both ClariVest Asset Management LLC (“ClariVest”) and the organization, and not to communicate any material Non-Public information in my possession regarding the organization to ClariVest’s investment advisory or research staff. |
⮚ | I will avoid participation in discussions regarding service, investment management, or other arrangements with ClariVest or its affiliates, and will recuse myself from voting on any such matters. |
Signature of Employee : | |||
Date: | |||
Approved By: |
Page 23
Attachment H
Political Contribution Review Form
Prospective Employee | (PRINT NAME) | ||
Information submitted current as of | (PRINT DATE) |
In accordance with ClariVest’s Code of Ethics, please provide a list of all Contributions you (or your immediate family and controlled-PACs, each as described in the definition of “Covered Associate”) has made in the past 2 years.
Name and Title of Contributor |
Name and Title (including any city/county/state or other political subdivision) of Recipient |
Amount | Date | Entitled to Vote for Recipient? | [Compliance Use only] Subject to exception for certain returned contributions under Rule 206(4)-5(b)(3)? |
I certify that this form fully and accurately discloses all of the Contributions that I (or my immediate family and controlled-PACs, each as described in the definition of “Covered Associate”) have made in the past 2 years.
Signature | Date |
Reviewed by: | ||||||
Date of Review: | ||||||
Exception(s) Noted: | No | Yes | ||||
If Yes, Describe: | ||||||
Page 24
Attachment I
Political Contribution Approval Form
Employee | (PRINT NAME) | ||
Information submitted current as of | (PRINT DATE) |
In accordance with ClariVest’s Code of Ethics, below is a list of all Contributions that I (or someone in my immediate family or a controlled-PAC, each as described in the definition of “Covered Associate”) would like to make.
Name and Title of Contributor |
Name and Title (including any city/county/state or other political subdivision) of Recipient |
Amount | Date | Entitled to Vote for Recipient? | [Compliance Use only] Subject to exception for certain returned contributions under Rule 206(4)-5(b)(3)? |
I certify that this form fully and accurately discloses all requested information regarding the Contribution that I (or or someone in my immediate family or a controlled-PAC, each as described in the definition of “Covered Associate”) would like to make.
Signature | Date |
Reviewed by: | ||||||
Date of Review: | ||||||
Approval Granted?: | No | Yes | ||||
If Yes, Describe: | ||||||
Page 25
Attachment J
Contribution Coordination Approval Form
Employee | (PRINT NAME) | ||
Information submitted current as of | (PRINT DATE) |
In accordance with ClariVest’s Code of Ethics, I (or someone in my immediate family or a controlled-PAC, each as described in the definition of “Covered Associate”) would like to solicit or coordinate (1) Contributions for an Official of a Government Entity or (2) any Contribution to a political party of a state or locality, as described below:
I certify that this form fully and accurately discloses all requested information regarding the activity that I (or someone in my immediate family or a controlled-PAC, each as described in the definition of “Covered Associate”) would like to engage in.
Signature | Date |
Reviewed by: | ||||||
Date of Review: | ||||||
Approval Granted? | No | Yes | ||||
If Yes, Describe: | ||||||
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