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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______ to ______
Commission File Number: 001-34028
AMERICAN WATER WORKS COMPANY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware 51-0063696
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1 Water Street, Camden, NJ 08102-1658
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(856) 955-4001
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share AWK New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.).  ☐ Yes  ☒ No    
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
 Class   Shares Outstanding as of October 28, 2020
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share   181,271,995


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*    *    *
Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”), unless the context otherwise requires, references to the “Company” and “American Water” mean American Water Works Company, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries, taken together as a whole. References to “parent company” mean American Water Works Company, Inc., without its subsidiaries.
i
Table of Contents
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements included in Part I, Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in other sections of this Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by words with prospective meanings such as “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “predict,” “project,” “propose,” “assume,” “forecast,” “likely,” “uncertain,” “outlook,” “future,” “pending,” “goal,” “objective,” “potential,” “continue,” “seek to,” “may,” “can,” “should,” “will” and “could” or the negative of such terms or other variations or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements may relate to, among other things: the Company’s future financial performance, liquidity and cash flows; rate and revenue adjustments, including through general rate case filings, filings for infrastructure surcharges and other governmental agency authorizations and filings to address regulatory lag; growth and portfolio optimization strategies, including the timing and outcome of pending or future acquisition activity, the completion of the announced sale of the Company’s New York subsidiary and the amount of proceeds anticipated to be received therefrom; the ability of the Company’s California subsidiary to obtain adequate alternative water supplies in lieu of diversions from the Carmel River; the amount and allocation of projected capital expenditures and related funding requirements; the Company’s ability to repay or refinance debt; the ability to execute its current and long-term business, operational and capital expenditures strategies; its ability to finance current operations, capital expenditures and growth initiatives by accessing the debt and equity capital markets; the outcome and impact on the Company of legal and similar governmental and regulatory proceedings and related potential fines, penalties and other sanctions; the ability to complete, and the timing and efficacy of, the design, development, implementation and improvement of technology and other strategic initiatives; the impacts to the Company of the current pandemic health event resulting from the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”); the ability to capitalize on existing or future utility privatization opportunities; trends in the industries in which the Company operates, including macro trends with respect to the Company’s efforts related to customer, technology and work execution; regulatory, legislative, tax policy or legal developments; and projected impacts that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”) or other future significant tax legislation may have on the Company and on its business, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
Forward-looking statements are predictions based on the Company’s current expectations and assumptions regarding future events. They are not guarantees or assurances of any outcomes, financial results, levels of activity, performance or achievements, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance upon them. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. The Company’s actual results may vary materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements included herein as a result of the following important factors:
•the decisions of governmental and regulatory bodies, including decisions to raise or lower customer rates and regulatory responses to the COVID-19 pandemic;
•the timeliness and outcome of regulatory commissions’ and other authorities’ actions concerning rates, capital structure, authorized return on equity, capital investment, system acquisitions and dispositions, taxes, permitting, water supply and management, and other decisions;
•changes in customer demand for, and patterns of use of, water, such as may result from conservation efforts, impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, or otherwise;
•limitations on the availability of the Company’s water supplies or sources of water, or restrictions on its use thereof, resulting from allocation rights, governmental or regulatory requirements and restrictions, drought, overuse or other factors;
•a loss of one or more large industrial or commercial customers due to adverse economic conditions, the COVID-19 pandemic, or other factors;
•changes in laws, governmental regulations and policies, including with respect to environmental, health and safety, consumer privacy, water quality and water quality accountability, emerging contaminants, public utility and tax regulations and policies, and impacts resulting from U.S., state and local elections;
•weather conditions and events, climate variability patterns, and natural disasters, including drought or abnormally high rainfall, prolonged and abnormal ice or freezing conditions, strong winds, coastal and intercoastal flooding, pandemics (including COVID-19) and epidemics, earthquakes, landslides, hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, electrical storms, sinkholes and solar flares;
•the outcome of litigation and similar governmental and regulatory proceedings, investigations or actions;
•the risks associated with the Company’s aging infrastructure, and its ability to appropriately maintain and replace current infrastructure, including its operational and technology systems, and manage the expansion of its businesses;
•exposure or infiltration of the Company’s technology and critical infrastructure systems, including the disclosure of sensitive, personal or confidential information contained therein, through physical or cyber attacks or other means;
•the Company’s ability to obtain permits and other approvals for projects and construction of various water and wastewater facilities;
•changes in the Company’s capital requirements;
•the Company’s ability to control operating expenses and to achieve operating efficiencies;
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•the intentional or unintentional actions of a third party, including contamination of the Company’s water supplies or water provided to its customers;
•the Company’s ability to obtain adequate and cost-effective supplies of equipment, chemicals, electricity, fuel, water and other raw materials;
•the Company’s ability to successfully meet growth projections for the Regulated Businesses and the Market-Based Businesses (each as defined in this Form 10-Q), either individually or in the aggregate, and capitalize on growth opportunities, including, among other things, with respect to:
•acquiring, closing and successfully integrating regulated operations and market-based businesses;
•entering into contracts and other agreements with, or otherwise obtaining, new customers or partnerships in the Market-Based Businesses; and
•realizing anticipated benefits and synergies from new acquisitions;
•risks and uncertainties associated with contracting with the U.S. government, including ongoing compliance with applicable government procurement and security regulations;
•cost overruns relating to improvements in or the expansion of the Company’s operations;
•the Company’s ability to successfully develop and implement new technologies and to protect related intellectual property;
•the Company’s ability to maintain safe work sites;
•the Company’s exposure to liabilities related to environmental laws and similar matters resulting from, among other things, water and wastewater service provided to customers;
•changes in general economic, political, business and financial market conditions, including without limitation conditions and collateral consequences associated with the current pandemic health event resulting from COVID-19;
•access to sufficient capital on satisfactory terms and when and as needed to support operations and capital expenditures;
•fluctuations in interest rates;
•restrictive covenants in or changes to the credit ratings on the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or on any of their current or future indebtedness, that could increase the Company’s financing costs or funding requirements or affect the ability to borrow, make payments on debt or pay dividends;
•fluctuations in the value of benefit plan assets and liabilities that could increase the Company’s cost and funding requirements;
•changes in federal or state general, income and other tax laws, including any further rules, regulations, interpretations and guidance by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and state or local taxing authorities related to the enactment of the TCJA, the availability of tax credits and tax abatement programs, and the Company’s ability to utilize its U.S. federal and state income tax net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards;
•migration of customers into or out of the Company’s service territories;
•the use by municipalities of the power of eminent domain or other authority to condemn the systems of one or more of the Company’s utility subsidiaries, or the assertion by private landowners of similar rights against such utility subsidiaries;
•any difficulty or inability to obtain insurance for the Company, its inability to obtain insurance at acceptable rates and on acceptable terms and conditions, or its inability to obtain reimbursement under existing insurance programs and coverages for any losses sustained;
•the incurrence of impairment charges related to the Company’s goodwill or other assets;
•labor actions, including work stoppages and strikes;
•the Company’s ability to retain and attract qualified employees;
•civil disturbances or terrorist threats or acts, or public apprehension about future disturbances or terrorist threats or acts; and
•the impact of new, and changes to existing, accounting standards.
These forward-looking statements are qualified by, and should be read together with, the risks and uncertainties set forth above, and the risk factors and other statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “Form 10-K”) and in this Form 10-Q, and readers should refer to such risks, uncertainties and risk factors in evaluating such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements the Company makes shall speak only as of the date this Form 10-Q was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Except as required by the federal securities laws, the Company does not have any obligation, and it specifically disclaims any undertaking or intention, to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict all such factors. Furthermore, it may not be possible to assess the impact of any such factor on the Company’s businesses, either viewed independently or together, or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
American Water Works Company, Inc. and Subsidiary Companies
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(In millions, except share and per share data)
  September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Property, plant and equipment $ 25,133  $ 23,941 
Accumulated depreciation (5,866) (5,709)
Property, plant and equipment, net 19,267  18,232 
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 560  60 
Restricted funds 39  31 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for uncollectible accounts of $52 and $41, respectively
358  294 
Unbilled revenues 201  172 
Materials and supplies 49  44 
Assets held for sale 618  566 
Other 142  118 
Total current assets 1,967  1,285 
Regulatory and other long-term assets:    
Regulatory assets 1,144  1,128 
Operating lease right-of-use assets 97  103 
Goodwill 1,504  1,501 
Postretirement benefit assets 155  159 
Intangible assets 58  67 
Other 202  207 
Total regulatory and other long-term assets 3,160  3,165 
Total assets $ 24,394  $ 22,682 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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American Water Works Company, Inc. and Subsidiary Companies
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(In millions, except share and per share data)
  September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES
Capitalization:    
Common stock ($0.01 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 186,437,589 and 185,903,727 shares issued, respectively)
$ 2  $ 2 
Paid-in-capital 6,739  6,700 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 157  (207)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (38) (36)
Treasury stock, at cost (5,168,086 and 5,090,855 shares, respectively)
(348) (338)
Total common shareholders' equity 6,512  6,121 
Long-term debt 9,580  8,639 
Redeemable preferred stock at redemption value 4  5 
Total long-term debt 9,584  8,644 
Total capitalization 16,096  14,765 
Current liabilities:    
Short-term debt 1,044  786 
Current portion of long-term debt 67  28 
Accounts payable 162  203 
Accrued liabilities 505  596 
Accrued taxes 64  46 
Accrued interest 101  84 
Liabilities related to assets held for sale 138  128 
Other 179  174 
Total current liabilities 2,260  2,045 
Regulatory and other long-term liabilities:    
Advances for construction 262  240 
Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits 2,060  1,893 
Regulatory liabilities 1,777  1,806 
Operating lease liabilities 83  89 
Accrued pension expense 386  411 
Other 79  78 
Total regulatory and other long-term liabilities 4,647  4,517 
Contributions in aid of construction 1,391  1,355 
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 11)
Total capitalization and liabilities $ 24,394  $ 22,682 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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American Water Works Company, Inc. and Subsidiary Companies
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
(In millions, except per share data)
  For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
Operating revenues $ 1,079  $ 1,013  $ 2,854  $ 2,708 
Operating expenses:    
Operation and maintenance 419  395  1,193  1,132 
Depreciation and amortization 154  144  451  430 
General taxes 73  68  225  209 
(Gain) on asset dispositions and purchases —  —  —  (9)
Total operating expenses, net 646  607  1,869  1,762 
Operating income 433  406  985  946 
Other income (expense):    
Interest, net (99) (97) (296) (284)
Non-operating benefit costs, net 12  4  37  12 
Other, net 6  5  17  23 
Total other income (expense) (81) (88) (242) (249)
Income before income taxes 352  318  743  697 
Provision for income taxes 88  78  179  174 
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 264  $ 240  $ 564  $ 523 
Basic earnings per share: (a)
   
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 1.46  $ 1.33  $ 3.11  $ 2.90 
Diluted earnings per share: (a)
   
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 1.46  $ 1.33  $ 3.11  $ 2.89 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:    
Basic 181  181  181  181 
Diluted 182  181  181  181 
(a)Amounts may not calculate due to rounding.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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American Water Works Company, Inc. and Subsidiary Companies
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(In millions)
  For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 264  $ 240  $ 564  $ 523 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:    
Defined benefit pension plan actuarial loss, net of tax of $1 and $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and $1 and $1 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively
1  1  2  2 
Foreign currency translation adjustment —  —  —  (1)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $0 and $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and $(1) and $(5) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively
—  —  (4) (13)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) 1  1  (2) (12)
Comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders $ 265  $ 241  $ 562  $ 511 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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American Water Works Company, Inc. and Subsidiary Companies
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In millions)
  For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES    
Net income $ 564  $ 523 
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash flows provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization 451  430 
Deferred income taxes and amortization of investment tax credits 174  163 
Provision for losses on accounts receivable 22  18 
(Gain) on asset dispositions and purchases —  (9)
Pension and non-pension postretirement benefits (10) 13 
Other non-cash, net (37) (51)
Changes in assets and liabilities:    
Receivables and unbilled revenues (121) (54)
Pension and postretirement benefit contributions (31) (23)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (17) (16)
Other assets and liabilities, net (7) (49)
Net cash provided by operating activities 988  945 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES    
Capital expenditures (1,314) (1,115)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (59) (85)
Proceeds from sale of assets 2  17 
Removal costs from property, plant and equipment retirements, net (75) (71)
Net cash used in investing activities (1,446) (1,254)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES    
Proceeds from long-term debt 1,250  1,191 
Repayments of long-term debt (266) (153)
Proceeds from term loan 500  — 
Net short-term borrowings with maturities less than three months (242) (491)
Proceeds from issuances of employee stock plans and direct stock purchase plan, net of taxes paid of $17 and $11 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively
6  13 
Advances and contributions for construction, net of refunds of $20 and $25 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively
20  16 
Debt issuance costs (12) (11)
Dividends paid (290) (263)
Anti-dilutive share repurchases —  (36)
Net cash provided by financing activities 966  266 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted funds 508  (43)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted funds at beginning of period 91  159 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted funds at end of period $ 599  $ 116 
Non-cash investing activity:    
Capital expenditures acquired on account but unpaid as of the end of period $ 236  $ 245 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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American Water Works Company, Inc. and Subsidiary Companies
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(In millions)
Common Stock Paid-in-Capital Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock Total Shareholders' Equity
  Shares Par Value Shares At Cost
Balance as of December 31, 2019 185.9  $ 2  $ 6,700  $ (207) $ (36) (5.1) $ (338) $ 6,121 
Net income attributable to common shareholders —  —  —  124  —  —  —  124 
Common stock issuances (a)
0.3  —  13  —  —  (0.1) (10) 3 
Net other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  (5) —  —  (5)
Balance as of March 31, 2020 186.2  $ 2  $ 6,713  $ (83) $ (41) (5.2) $ (348) $ 6,243 
Net income attributable to common shareholders —  —  —  176  —  —  —  176 
Common stock issuances (a) 0.2  —  17  —  —  —  —  17 
Net other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  2  —  —  2 
Dividends ($0.55 declared per common share)
—  —  —  (100) —  —  —  (100)
Balance as of June 30, 2020 186.4  $ 2  $ 6,730  $ (7) $ (39) (5.2) $ (348) $ 6,338 
Net income attributable to common shareholders —  —  —  264  —  —  —  264 
Common stock issuances (a) —  —  9  —  —  —  —  9 
Net other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  1  —  —  1 
Dividends ($0.55 declared per common share)
—  —  —  (100) —  —  —  (100)
Balance as of September 30, 2020 186.4  $ 2  $ 6,739  $ 157  $ (38) (5.2) $ (348) $ 6,512 
(a)Includes stock-based compensation, employee stock purchase plan and direct stock reinvestment and purchase plan activity.
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  Common Stock Paid-in-Capital Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock Total Shareholders' Equity
  Shares Par Value Shares At Cost
Balance as of December 31, 2018 185.4  $ 2  $ 6,657  $ (464) $ (34) (4.7) $ (297) $ 5,864 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle —  —  —  (2) —  —  —  (2)
Net income attributable to common shareholders —  —  —  113  —  —  —  113 
Common stock issuances (a)
0.2  —  11  —  —  (0.1) (5) 6 
Repurchases of common stock —  —  —  —  —  (0.3) (36) (36)
Net other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  (13) —  —  (13)
Balance as of March 31, 2019 185.6  $ 2  $ 6,668  $ (353) $ (47) (5.1) $ (338) $ 5,932 
Net income attributable to common shareholders —  —  —  170  —  —  —  170 
Common stock issuances (a)
0.1  —  15  —  —  —  —  15 
Dividends ($0.50 declared per common share)
—  —  —  (90) —  —  —  (90)
Balance as of June 30, 2019 185.7  $ 2  $ 6,683  $ (273) $ (47) (5.1) $ (338) $ 6,027 
Net income attributable to common shareholders —  —  —  240  —  —  —  240 
Common stock issuances (a)
0.2  —  12  —  —  —  —  12 
Net other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  1  —  —  1 
Dividends ($0.50 declared per common share)
—  —  —  (90) —  —  —  (90)
Balance as of September 30, 2019 185.9  $ 2  $ 6,695  $ (123) $ (46) (5.1) $ (338) $ 6,190 
(a)Includes stock-based compensation, employee stock purchase plan and direct stock reinvestment and purchase plan activity.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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American Water Works Company, Inc. and Subsidiary Companies
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Unless otherwise noted, in millions, except per share data)
Note 1: Basis of Presentation
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report include the accounts of American Water Works Company, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “American Water”), in which a controlling interest is maintained after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting, and the rules and regulations for reporting on Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”). Accordingly, they do not contain certain information and disclosures required by GAAP for comprehensive financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position as of September 30, 2020, and the results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. All adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature, except as otherwise disclosed.
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in this report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“Form 10-K”), which provides a more complete discussion of the Company’s accounting policies, financial position, operating results and other matters. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year, primarily due to the seasonality of the Company’s operations.
Note 2: Significant Accounting Policies
New Accounting Standards
Presented in the table below are new accounting standards that were adopted by the Company in 2020:
Standard   Description   Date of Adoption   Application   Effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments Updated the accounting guidance on reporting credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities. Under this guidance, expected credit losses are required to be measured based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount of financial assets. Also, this guidance requires that credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities be presented as an allowance rather than as a direct write-down. January 1, 2020 Modified retrospective The standard did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement Updated the disclosure requirements for fair value measurement. The guidance removes the requirements to disclose transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 measurements, the timing of transfers between levels, and the valuation processes for Level 3 measurements. Disclosure of transfers into and out of Level 3 measurements will be required. The guidance adds disclosure requirements for the change in unrealized gains and losses in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 measurements, as well as the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 measurements. January 1, 2020 Prospective for added disclosures and for the narrative description of measurement uncertainty; retrospective for all other amendments. The standard did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting Provided optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential accounting burden associated with the transition from London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The guidance contains optional expedients and exceptions for contract modifications, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or other reference rates expected to be discontinued. The expedients elected must be applied for all eligible contracts or transactions, with the exception of hedging relationships, which can be applied on an individual basis. March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 Prospective for contract modifications and hedging relationships; applied as of January 1, 2020. The standard did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Presented in the table below are recently issued accounting standards that have not yet been adopted by the Company as of September 30, 2020:
Standard Description Date of Adoption Application Estimated Effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements
Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes
The guidance removes exceptions related to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the requirement to recognize a deferred tax liability for changes in ownership of a foreign subsidiary or equity method investment, and the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when the year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss. The guidance adds requirements to reflect changes to tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period in which the changes were enacted, to recognize franchise or other similar taxes that are partially based on income as an income-based tax and any incremental amounts as non-income-based tax, and to evaluate when a step up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which the book goodwill was originally recognized and when it should be considered a separate transaction.
January 1, 2021; early adoption permitted
Modified retrospective for amendments related to changes in ownership of a foreign subsidiary or equity method investment; Modified retrospective or retrospective for amendments related to taxes partially based on income; Prospective for all other amendments. The Company is evaluating any impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as the timing of adoption.
Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity
Simplification of financial reporting associated with accounting for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity. The standard reduced the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. This will result in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract. Earnings per share (“EPS”) calculations have been simplified for certain instruments. January 1, 2022; early adoption permitted but not before fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 Either modified retrospective or fully retrospective The Company is evaluating any impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as the timing of adoption.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Funds
Presented in the table below is a reconciliation of the cash and cash equivalents and restricted funds amounts as presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the sum of such amounts presented on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the periods ended September 30:
  2020 2019
Cash and cash equivalents $ 560  $ 94 
Restricted funds 39  22 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted funds as presented on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows $ 599  $ 116 
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
Allowances for uncollectible accounts are maintained for estimated probable losses resulting from the Company’s inability to collect receivables from customers. Accounts that are outstanding longer than the payment terms are considered past due. A number of factors are considered in determining the allowance for uncollectible accounts, including the length of time receivables are past due, previous loss history, current economic and societal conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of receivables from customers. The Company generally writes off accounts when they become uncollectible or are over a certain number of days outstanding. An increase in the allowance for uncollectible accounts for the period ending September 30, 2020 reflects the impacts from the current novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, including an increase in uncollectible accounts expense and a reduction in amounts written off due to shutoff moratoriums in place across the Company’s subsidiaries.
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Presented in the table below are the changes in the allowance for uncollectible accounts for the nine months ended September 30:
2020 2019
Balance as of January 1 $ (41) $ (45)
Amounts charged to expense (22) (18)
Amounts written off 9  22 
Less: Allowance for uncollectible accounts included in assets held for sale (a) 2  — 
Balance as of September 30 $ (52) $ (41)

(a)This portion of the allowance for uncollectible accounts is related to the pending transactions contemplated by the Stock Purchase Agreement among the Company, the Company’s New York subsidiary and an affiliate of Liberty Utilities Co., and is included in assets held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 5—Acquisitions and Divestitures for additional information.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to conform to the current presentation.
Note 3: Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
American Water continues to monitor the global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, the Company has experienced COVID-19 financial impacts, including an increase in uncollectible accounts expense, additional debt costs, and certain incremental operation and maintenance (“O&M”) expenses. The Company has also experienced decreased revenues as a result of the waiver of late fees and foregone reconnect fees. These impacts are collectively referred to as “financial impacts.”
As of November 4, 2020, American Water has commission orders authorizing deferred accounting for COVID-19 financial impacts in 11 of 14 jurisdictions, with proceedings in three jurisdictions pending. In addition to approving deferred accounting, to date, two regulatory jurisdictions have also approved cost recovery mechanisms for specified COVID-19 financial impacts. Regulatory actions to date are presented in the table below:
Commission Actions Description States
Orders issued
Allows the Company to establish regulatory assets to record certain financial impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
CA, HI, IA, IL, IN, MD, MO, NJ, PA, VA, WV
Cost recovery mechanisms
California’s Catastrophic Event Memorandum Account allows the Company to track and recover certain financial impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Illinois has authorized cost recovery of COVID-19 financial impacts through a special purpose rider over a 24-month period, which was implemented by the Company’s Illinois subsidiary effective October 1, 2020.
CA, IL
Proceedings pending
Proceedings pending seeking commission orders authorizing deferred accounting for future cost recovery of COVID-19 financial impacts.
KY, NY, TN
Consistent with these regulatory orders, the Company recorded $29 million in regulatory assets and $3 million of regulatory liabilities for the financial impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020.
Note 4: Revenue Recognition
Disaggregated Revenues
The Company’s primary business involves the ownership of utilities that provide water and wastewater services to residential, commercial, industrial, public authority, fire service and sale for resale customers, collectively presented as the “Regulated Businesses.” The Company also operates market-based businesses that provide complementary services to residential and smaller commercial customers, the U.S. government on military installations, as well as municipalities, utilities and industrial customers, collectively presented as the “Market-Based Businesses.”
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Presented in the table below are operating revenues disaggregated for the three months ended September 30, 2020:
Revenues from Contracts with Customers Other Revenues Not from Contracts with Customers (a) Total Operating Revenues
Regulated Businesses:
Water services:  
Residential $ 562  $ —  $ 562 
Commercial 187  —  187 
Fire service 37  —  37 
Industrial 38  —  38 
Public and other 58  —  58 
Total water services 882  —  882 
Wastewater services:  
Residential 35  —  35 
Commercial 8  —  8 
Industrial 1  —  1 
Public and other 4  —  4 
Total wastewater services 48  —  48 
Miscellaneous utility charges 10  —  10 
Alternative revenue programs —  2  2 
Lease contract revenue —  3  3 
Total Regulated Businesses 940  5  945 
Market-Based Businesses 139  —  139 
Other (5) —  (5)
Total operating revenues $ 1,074  $ 5  $ 1,079 
(a)Includes revenues associated with provisional rates, alternative revenue programs, lease contracts and intercompany rent, which are outside the scope of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (“ASC 606”), and accounted for under other existing GAAP.
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Presented in the table below are operating revenues disaggregated for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:
Revenues from Contracts with Customers Other Revenues Not from Contracts with Customers (a) Total Operating Revenues
Regulated Businesses:
Water services:
Residential $ 1,435  $ —  $ 1,435 
Commercial 471  —  471 
Fire service 110  —  110 
Industrial 101  —  101 
Public and other 148  —  148 
Total water services 2,265  —  2,265 
Wastewater services:
Residential 99  —  99 
Commercial 25  —  25 
Industrial 2  —  2 
Public and other 11  —  11 
Total wastewater services 137  —  137 
Miscellaneous utility charges 28  —  28 
Alternative revenue programs —  30  30 
Lease contract revenue —  8  8 
Total Regulated Businesses 2,430  38  2,468 
Market-Based Businesses 399  —  399 
Other (12) (1) (13)
Total operating revenues $ 2,817  $ 37  $ 2,854 
(a)Includes revenues associated with provisional rates, alternative revenue programs, lease contracts and intercompany rent, which are outside the scope of ASC 606, and accounted for under other existing GAAP.
Contract Balances
Contract assets and contract liabilities are the result of timing differences between revenue recognition, billings and cash collections. In the Company’s Market-Based Businesses, certain contracts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Contract assets are recorded when billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition and are reclassified to accounts receivable when billed and the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities are recorded when the Company receives advances from customers prior to satisfying contractual performance obligations, particularly for construction contracts and home warranty protection program contracts and are recognized as revenue when the associated performance obligations are satisfied.
Contract assets of $27 million and $13 million are included in unbilled revenues on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There were $43 million of contract assets added during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and $29 million of contract assets were transferred to accounts receivable during the same period.
Contract liabilities of $36 million and $27 million are included in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There were $91 million of contract liabilities added during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and $82 million of contract liabilities were recognized as revenue during the same period.
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Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations (“RPOs”) represent revenues the Company expects to recognize in the future from contracts that are in progress. The Company enters into agreements for the provision of services to water and wastewater facilities for the U.S. military, municipalities and other customers. As of September 30, 2020, the Company’s O&M and capital improvement contracts in the Market-Based Businesses have RPOs. Contracts with the U.S. government for work on various military installations expire between 2051 and 2070 and have RPOs of $6.3 billion as of September 30, 2020, as measured by estimated remaining contract revenue. Such contracts are subject to customary termination provisions held by the U.S. government, prior to the agreed-upon contract expiration. Contracts with municipalities and commercial customers expire between 2021 and 2038 and have RPOs of $490 million as of September 30, 2020, as measured by estimated remaining contract revenue. Some of the Company’s long-term contracts to operate and maintain the federal government’s, a municipality’s or other party’s water or wastewater treatment and delivery facilities include responsibility for certain maintenance for some of those facilities, in exchange for an annual fee. Unless specifically required to perform certain maintenance activities, the maintenance costs are recognized when the maintenance is performed.
Note 5: Acquisitions and Divestitures
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company closed on the acquisition of 15 regulated water and wastewater systems for a total aggregate purchase price of $59 million. Assets acquired from these acquisitions, principally utility plant, totaled $81 million, and liabilities assumed totaled $27 million, including $20 million of contributions in aid of construction and assumed debt of $6 million. The Company recorded additional goodwill of $5 million associated with two of its acquisitions, which is reported in its Regulated Businesses segment. Several of these acquisitions were accounted for as business combinations, as the Company continues to grow its business through regulated acquisitions. The preliminary purchase price allocations related to acquisitions accounted for as business combinations will be finalized once the valuation of assets acquired has been completed, no later than one year after their acquisition date.
Subsequent to September 30, 2020, the Company closed on five regulated water and wastewater systems for a total aggregate purchase price of $74 million.
Assets Held for Sale
On November 20, 2019, the Company and the Company’s New York subsidiary entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”) with Liberty Utilities Co., which it subsequently assigned to its indirect, wholly owned subsidiary Liberty Utilities (Eastern Water Holdings) Corp. (“Liberty”), pursuant to which Liberty will purchase all of the capital stock of the New York subsidiary (the “Stock Purchase”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $608 million in cash, subject to adjustment as provided in the Stock Purchase Agreement. The Company’s regulated New York operations have approximately 125,000 customer connections in the State of New York. Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp., Liberty’s ultimate parent company, executed and delivered an absolute and unconditional guaranty of the performance of the obligations of Liberty under the Stock Purchase Agreement. The Stock Purchase is subject to various conditions, including obtaining regulatory approvals and satisfying or waiving other closing conditions. The Stock Purchase Agreement may be terminated by either party if the Stock Purchase is not completed by June 30, 2021, subject to extension for up to six months if all of the conditions to closing have been met, other than obtaining regulatory approvals. Liberty may also terminate the Stock Purchase Agreement if any governmental authority initiates a condemnation or eminent domain proceeding against a majority of the consolidated properties of the New York subsidiary, taken as a whole. Progress toward completion of the transaction continues, and subject to satisfying or waiving the various conditions to closing and assuming the transaction is not terminated as described above prior to closing, the Company expects that the Stock Purchase will be completed in early 2021. Accordingly, the assets and related liabilities of the New York subsidiary were classified as held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020.
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Presented in the table below are the components of assets held for sale and liabilities related to assets held for sale of the New York subsidiary as of September 30, 2020:
September 30, 2020
Current assets $ 19 
Property, plant and equipment 491 
Regulatory assets 64 
Goodwill 39 
Other assets 5 
Assets held for sale $ 618 
Current liabilities 18 
Deferred income taxes 68 
Regulatory liabilities 41 
Other liabilities 11 
Liabilities related to assets held for sale $ 138 
Note 6: Shareholders' Equity
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Presented in the table below are the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively:
  Defined Benefit Pension Plans Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
  Employee Benefit Plan Funded Status Amortization of Prior Service Cost Amortization of Actuarial Loss
Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ (94) $ 1  $ 60  $ —  $ (3) $ (36)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications —  —  —  —  (4) (4)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss —  —  2  —  —  2 
Net other comprehensive income (loss) —  —  2  —  (4) (2)
Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ (94) $ 1  $ 62  $ —  $ (7) $ (38)
Balance as of December 31, 2018 $ (102) $ 1  $ 56  $ 1  $ 10  $ (34)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications —  —  —  —  (13) (13)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss —  —  2  (1) —  1 
Net other comprehensive income (loss) —  —  2  (1) (13) (12)
Balance as of September 30, 2019 $ (102) $ 1  $ 58  $ —  $ (3) $ (46)
The Company does not reclassify the amortization of defined benefit pension cost components from accumulated other comprehensive loss directly to net income in its entirety, as a portion of these costs have been deferred as a regulatory asset. These accumulated other comprehensive loss components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost.
The amortization of the gain (loss) on cash flow hedges is reclassified to net income during the period incurred and is included in interest, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Dividends
On September 1, 2020, the Company paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.55 per share to shareholders of record as of August 12, 2020.
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On October 26, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend payment of $0.55 per share, payable on December 2, 2020 to shareholders of record as of November 10, 2020. Future dividends, when and as declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors, will be dependent upon future earnings and cash flows, compliance with various regulatory, financial and legal requirements, and other factors. See Note 9—Shareholders' Equity in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Form 10-K for additional information regarding the payment of dividends on the Company’s common stock.
Note 7: Long-Term Debt
On April 14, 2020, American Water Capital Corp. (“AWCC”) completed a $1.0 billion debt offering, which included the sale of $500 million aggregate principal amount of its 2.80% senior notes due 2030 and $500 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.45% senior notes due 2050. At the closing of the offering, AWCC received, after deduction of underwriting discounts and before deduction of offering expenses, net proceeds of $989 million. AWCC used the net proceeds of this offering: (i) to lend funds to parent company and its regulated subsidiaries; (ii) to fund sinking fund payments for, and to repay at maturity, $28 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding long-term debt of AWCC and certain of the Company’s regulated subsidiaries; (iii) to repay AWCC’s commercial paper obligations and short-term indebtedness under AWCC’s $2.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facility; and (iv) for general corporate purposes.
During March 2020, the Company entered into four 10-year treasury lock agreements, each with a notional amount of $100 million, to reduce interest rate exposure on debt, which was subsequently issued on April 14, 2020. These treasury lock agreements had an average fixed rate of 0.94%. The Company designated these treasury lock agreements as cash flow hedges, with their fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive gain or loss. On April 8, 2020 the Company terminated these four treasury lock agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $400 million, realizing a net loss of $6 million, to be amortized through interest, net over a 10 year period, in accordance with the terms of the $1.0 billion new debt issued on April 14, 2020. No ineffectiveness was recognized on hedging instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
In addition to the senior notes issued by AWCC as described above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, AWCC and the Company’s regulated subsidiaries issued in the aggregate $250 million of senior notes, private activity bonds, and government funded debt in multiple transactions with annual interest rates ranging from 0.00% to 5.00%, with a weighted average interest rate of 0.98%, maturing in 2020 through 2048. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, AWCC and the Company’s regulated subsidiaries, retired or paid at maturity an aggregate of $266 million of various long-term debt issues with annual interest rates ranging from 0.00% to 12.25%, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.31%, maturing in 2020 through 2048.
Note 8: Short-Term Debt
To ensure adequate liquidity given the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on debt and capital markets, on March 20, 2020, AWCC entered into a Term Loan Credit Agreement, by and among American Water, AWCC and the lenders party thereto, which provides for a term loan facility of up to $750 million (the “Term Loan Facility”). On March 20, 2020, AWCC borrowed $500 million under the Term Loan Facility, the proceeds of which were used for general corporate purposes of AWCC and American Water, and to provide additional liquidity. The Term Loan Facility allowed for a single additional borrowing of up to $250 million, which expired unused on June 19, 2020. The Term Loan Facility commitments terminate on March 19, 2021. AWCC may prepay all or a portion of amounts due under the Term Loan Facility without any premium or penalty. Borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at a variable annual rate based on LIBOR, plus a margin of 0.80%. The credit agreement for the Term Loan Facility contains the same affirmative and negative covenants and events of default as under AWCC’s $2.25 billion revolving credit facility. As of September 30, 2020, $500 million of principal was outstanding under the Term Loan Facility.
On April 1, 2020, the termination date of the credit agreement with respect to AWCC’s revolving credit facility was extended, pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement, from March 21, 2024 to March 21, 2025. As of September 30, 2020, AWCC had no outstanding borrowings and $76 million of outstanding letters of credit under the revolving credit facility, and $545 million of outstanding commercial paper, with $1.63 billion available to fulfill short-term liquidity needs and to issue letters of credit. During the first six months of 2020, the Company borrowed and subsequently repaid $650 million under the revolving credit facility. The weighted-average interest rate on AWCC’s outstanding short-term borrowings, including $500 million of principal outstanding under the Term Loan Facility as of September 30, 2020, was approximately 0.55% and 1.86% at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
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Note 9: Income Taxes
The Company’s effective income tax rate was 25.0% and 24.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 24.1% and 25.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in the Company’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to a lower effective tax rate in 2019. The decrease in the Company’s effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to an increase in the amortization of excess accumulated deferred income taxes due to regulatory orders resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and an increase in stock based compensation benefits.
Note 10: Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
Presented in the table below are the components of net periodic benefit cost (credit):
  For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
Components of net periodic pension benefit cost:    
Service cost $ 8  $ 7  $ 24  $ 21 
Interest cost 18  21  55  62 
Expected return on plan assets (28) (23) (84) (68)
Amortization of prior service credit (1) (1) (3) (3)
Amortization of actuarial loss 7  8  23  24 
Net periodic pension benefit cost before settlements 4  12  15  36 
Settlements (a)
—  —  1  — 
Net periodic pension benefit cost $ 4  $ 12  $ 16  $ 36 
Components of net periodic other postretirement benefit credit:
Service cost $ 1  $ 1  $ 3  $ 3 
Interest cost 3  4  9  11 
Expected return on plan assets (5) (5) (14) (14)
Amortization of prior service credit (9) (9) (25) (26)
Amortization of actuarial loss —  1  1  3 
Net periodic other postretirement benefit credit $ (10) $ (8) $ (26) $ (23)
(a)Due to the amount of lump sum payment distributions from the Company’s New York Water Service Corporation Pension Plan, settlement charges of less than $1 million and $1 million were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. There were no settlement charges recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. In accordance with existing regulatory accounting treatment, the Company has maintained the settlement charges in regulatory assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount is being amortized in accordance with existing regulatory practice.
The Company contributed $9 million and $31 million for the funding of its defined benefit pension plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and contributed $9 million and $23 million for the funding of its defined benefit pension plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company made no contributions for the funding of its other postretirement benefit plans for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company expects to make pension contributions to the plan trusts of up to $8 million during the remainder of 2020.
Note 11: Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies
The Company is routinely involved in legal actions incident to the normal conduct of its business. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has accrued approximately $10 million of probable loss contingencies and has estimated that the maximum amount of losses associated with reasonably possible loss contingencies that can be reasonably estimated is $4 million. For certain matters, claims and actions, the Company is unable to estimate possible losses. The Company believes that damages or settlements, if any, recovered by plaintiffs in such matters, claims or actions, other than as described in this Note 11—Commitments and Contingencies, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company.
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West Virginia Elk River Freedom Industries Chemical Spill
On June 8, 2018, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia granted final approval of a settlement class and global class action settlement (the “Settlement”) for all claims and potential claims by all class members (collectively, the “West Virginia Plaintiffs”) arising out of the January 2014 Freedom Industries, Inc. chemical spill in West Virginia. The effective date of the Settlement was July 16, 2018. Under the terms and conditions of the Settlement, West Virginia-American Water Company (“WVAWC”) and certain other Company affiliated entities (collectively, the “West Virginia-American Water Defendants”) did not admit, and will not admit, any fault or liability for any of the allegations made by the West Virginia Plaintiffs in any of the actions that were resolved.
The aggregate pre-tax amount contributed by WVAWC of the $126 million portion of the Settlement with respect to the Company, net of insurance recoveries, is $19 million. As of September 30, 2020, $0.5 million of the aggregate Settlement amount of $126 million has been reflected in accrued liabilities, and $0.5 million in offsetting insurance receivables have been reflected in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount reflected in accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2020 reflects reductions in the liability and appropriate reductions to the offsetting insurance receivable reflected in other current assets, associated with payments made to the Settlement fund, the receipt of a determination by the Settlement fund’s appeal adjudicator on all remaining medical claims and the calculation of remaining attorneys’ fees and claims administration costs. The Company funded WVAWC’s contributions to the Settlement through existing sources of liquidity.
Dunbar, West Virginia Water Main Break Class Action Litigation
On the evening of June 23, 2015, a 36-inch pre-stressed concrete transmission water main, installed in the early 1970s, failed. The water main is part of WVAWC’s West Relay pumping station located in the City of Dunbar. The failure of the main caused water outages and low pressure for up to approximately 25,000 WVAWC customers. In the early morning hours of June 25, 2015, crews completed a repair, but that same day, the repair developed a leak. On June 26, 2015, a second repair was completed and service was restored that day to approximately 80% of the impacted customers, and to the remaining approximately 20% by the next morning. The second repair showed signs of leaking, but the water main was usable until June 29, 2015 to allow tanks to refill. The system was reconfigured to maintain service to all but approximately 3,000 customers while a final repair was completed safely on June 30, 2015. Water service was fully restored by July 1, 2015 to all customers affected by this event.
On June 2, 2017, a complaint captioned Jeffries, et al. v. West Virginia-American Water Company was filed in West Virginia Circuit Court in Kanawha County on behalf of an alleged class of residents and business owners who lost water service or pressure as a result of the Dunbar main break. The complaint alleges breach of contract by WVAWC for failure to supply water, violation of West Virginia law regarding the sufficiency of WVAWC’s facilities and negligence by WVAWC in the design, maintenance and operation of the water system. The Jeffries plaintiffs seek unspecified alleged damages on behalf of the class for lost profits, annoyance and inconvenience, and loss of use, as well as punitive damages for willful, reckless and wanton behavior in not addressing the risk of pipe failure and a large outage.
In October 2017, WVAWC filed with the court a motion seeking to dismiss all of the Jeffries plaintiffs’ counts alleging statutory and common law tort claims. Furthermore, WVAWC asserted that the Public Service Commission of West Virginia, and not the court, has primary jurisdiction over allegations involving violations of the applicable tariff, the public utility code and related rules. In May 2018, the court, at a hearing, denied WVAWC’s motion to apply the primary jurisdiction doctrine, and in October 2018, the court issued a written order to that effect. On February 21, 2019, the court issued an order denying WVAWC’s motion to dismiss the Jeffries plaintiffs’ tort claims.
On February 4, 2020, the Jeffries plaintiffs filed a motion seeking class certification on the issues of breach of contract and negligence, and to determine the applicability of punitive damages and a multiplier for those damages if imposed. A hearing on class certification was held on March 11, 2020, followed by a status conference on April 7, 2020. On June 11, 2020, the court ruled that it would partially grant the Jeffries plaintiffs’ motion for certification of an issues class and would deny the request for certification of a class to determine a punitive damages multiplier for the class. On July 14, 2020, the court entered an order reflecting its June 11, 2020 rulings, and on August 31, 2020, WVAWC filed a Petition for a Writ of Prohibition in the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia seeking to vacate or remand the certification of the issues class. At the request of the parties, the trial court entered an order on September 10, 2020 to stay all matters in the class proceeding pending consideration of this petition. A trial date for the class proceeding has been set for April 12, 2021, but the Company believes that it will likely be delayed.
The Company and WVAWC believe that WVAWC has valid, meritorious defenses to the claims raised in this class action complaint. WVAWC is vigorously defending itself against these allegations. The Company cannot currently determine the likelihood of a loss, if any, or estimate the amount of any loss or a range of such losses related to this proceeding.
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Chattanooga, Tennessee Water Main Break Class Action Litigation
On September 12, 2019, Tennessee-American Water Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“TAWC”), experienced a break of a 36-inch water transmission main, which caused service fluctuations or interruptions to TAWC customers and the issuance of a boil water notice. TAWC repaired the main break by early morning on September 14, 2019, and restored full water service by the afternoon on September 15, 2019, with the boil water notice lifted for all customers on September 16, 2019.
On September 17, 2019, a complaint captioned Bruce, et al. v. American Water Works Company, Inc., et al. was filed in the Circuit Court of Hamilton County, Tennessee against TAWC, the Company and American Water Works Service Company, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Service Company,” and, together with TAWC and the Company, collectively, the “Tennessee-American Water Defendants”), on behalf of an alleged class of individuals or entities who lost water service or suffered monetary losses as a result of the Chattanooga main break (the “Tennessee Plaintiffs”). The complaint as filed alleged breach of contract and negligence against the Tennessee-American Water Defendants, as well as an equitable remedy of piercing the corporate veil. In the complaint as filed, the Tennessee Plaintiffs are seeking an award of unspecified alleged damages for wage losses, business and economic losses, out-of-pocket expenses, loss of use and enjoyment of property and annoyance and inconvenience, as well as punitive damages, attorneys’ fees and pre- and post-judgment interest.
On November 22, 2019, the Tennessee-American Water Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, and, with respect to the Company, for lack of personal jurisdiction. Oral argument on the motion to dismiss took place on September 9, 2020. On September 18, 2020, the court (i) granted the motion to dismiss the Tennessee Plaintiffs’ negligence claim against all Tennessee-American Water Defendants, (ii) denied the motion to dismiss the breach of contract claim against TAWC, (iii) held in abeyance the motion to dismiss the breach of contract claims against the Company and Service Company pending a further hearing and (iv) held in abeyance the Company’s motion to dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction. On September 24, 2020, at the request of the Tennessee Plaintiffs, the court dismissed without prejudice all claims in the Bruce complaint against the Company and Service Company. The impact of the September 2020 court orders was that all of the Tennessee Plaintiffs’ claims in this complaint were dismissed, other than the breach of contract claims against TAWC. On October 16, 2020, TAWC answered the complaint, and the parties are commencing with discovery.
TAWC and the Company believe that TAWC has meritorious defenses to the claims raised in this class action complaint, and TAWC is vigorously defending itself against these allegations. The Company cannot currently determine the likelihood of a loss, if any, or estimate the amount of any loss or a range of such losses related to this proceeding.
Alternative Water Supply in Lieu of Carmel River Diversions
Compliance with Orders to Reduce Carmel River Diversions -- Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project
Under a 2009 order (the “2009 Order”) of the State Water Resources Control Board (the “SWRCB”), the Company’s California subsidiary (“Cal Am”) is required to decrease significantly its yearly diversions of water from the Carmel River according to a set reduction schedule. In 2016, the SWRCB issued an order (the “2016 Order”) approving a deadline of December 31, 2021 for Cal Am’s compliance with these prior orders (the “2021 Deadline”).
Cal Am is currently involved in developing the Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project (the “Water Supply Project”), which includes the construction of a desalination plant, to be owned by Cal Am, and the construction of wells that would supply water to the desalination plant. In addition, the Water Supply Project also includes Cal Am’s purchase of water from a groundwater replenishment project (the “GWR Project”) between Monterey One Water and the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (the “MPWMD”). The Water Supply Project is intended, among other things, to fulfill Cal Am’s obligations under the 2009 Order and the 2016 Order.
Cal Am’s ability to move forward on the Water Supply Project is subject to administrative review by the California Public Utilities Commission (the “CPUC”) and other government agencies, obtaining necessary permits, and intervention from other parties. In September 2016, the CPUC unanimously approved a final decision to authorize Cal Am to enter into a water purchase agreement for the GWR Project and to construct a pipeline and pump station facilities and recover up to the incurred $50 million in associated costs plus an allowance for funds used during construction (“AFUDC”), subject to meeting certain criteria.
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In September 2018, the CPUC unanimously approved another final decision finding that (i) the Water Supply Project meets the CPUC’s requirements for a certificate of public convenience and necessity, (ii) the issuance of the final decision should not be delayed, and (iii) an additional procedural phase was not necessary to consider alternative projects. The CPUC’s 2018 decision concludes that the Water Supply Project is the best project to address estimated future water demands in Monterey, and, in addition to the cost recovery approved in its 2016 decision, adopts Cal Am’s cost estimates for the Water Supply Project, which amounted to an aggregate of $279 million plus AFUDC at a rate representative of Cal Am’s actual financing costs. The 2018 final decision specifies the procedures for recovery of all of Cal Am’s prudently incurred costs associated with the Water Supply Project upon its completion, subject to frameworks included in the final decision related to cost caps, operation and maintenance costs, financing, ratemaking and contingency matters. The reasonableness of the Water Supply Project costs will be reviewed in the first general rate case filed by Cal Am after it becomes operational. Cal Am has incurred $147 million in aggregate costs as of September 30, 2020 related to the Water Supply Project, including $33 million in AFUDC. While Cal Am believes that its expenditures to date have been prudent and necessary to comply with the 2009 Order and the 2016 Order, as well as the CPUC’s 2016 and 2018 final decisions, Cal Am cannot currently predict its ability to recover all of its costs and expenses associated with the Water Supply Project and there can be no assurance that Cal Am will be able to recover all of such costs and expenses in excess of the $50 million in construction costs previously approved by the CPUC in its 2016 final decision.
Coastal Development Permit Application
In June 2018, Cal Am submitted a coastal development permit application to the City of Marina (the “City”) for those project components of the Water Supply Project located within the City’s coastal zone. Members of the City’s Planning Commission, as well as City councilpersons, have publicly expressed opposition to the Water Supply Project. In May 2019, the City issued a notice of final local action based upon the denial by the Planning Commission of Cal Am’s coastal development permit application. Thereafter, Cal Am appealed this decision to the California Coastal Commission (the “Coastal Commission”), as permitted under the City’s code and the California Coastal Act. At the same time, Cal Am submitted an application to the Coastal Commission for a coastal development permit for those project components located within the Coastal Commission’s original jurisdiction. In October 2019, staff of the Coastal Commission issued a report recommending a denial of Cal Am’s application for a coastal development permit with respect to the Water Supply Project, largely based on a memorandum prepared by the general manager of the MPWMD that contradicted findings made by the CPUC in its final decision approving the Water Supply Project. In November 2019, discussions between staffs of the Coastal Commission and the CPUC took place regarding the Coastal Commission staff recommendation, at which time the CPUC raised questions about the Coastal Commission staff’s findings on water supply and demand, groundwater impacts and the viability of a project that the Coastal Commission staff believes may be a possible alternative to the Water Supply Project.
On August 25, 2020, the staff of the Coastal Commission released a report again recommending denial of Cal Am’s application for a coastal development permit. Although the report concluded that the Water Supply Project would have a negligible impact on groundwater resources, the report also concluded it would impact other coastal resources, such as environmentally sensitive habitat areas and wetlands, and that the Coastal Commission staff believes that a feasible alternative project exists that would avoid those impacts. The staff’s report also noted disproportionate impacts to communities of concern. On September 16, 2020, Cal Am withdrew its original jurisdiction application to allow additional time to address the Coastal Commission staff’s environmental justice concerns, and Cal Am intends to refile this application with the Coastal Commission in November 2020. Once the application is refiled and the Coastal Commission deems it to be complete, it is required to process and take action on the application within 180 days. The withdrawal of the original jurisdiction application did not impact Cal Am’s appeal of the City’s denial, which remains pending before the Coastal Commission.
Cal Am continues to work constructively with all appropriate agencies to provide necessary information in connection with obtaining required approvals for the Water Supply Project. However, based on the foregoing, there can be no assurance that the Water Supply Project in its current configuration will be completed on a timely basis, if ever. Due to the delay in the approval schedule, Cal Am currently does not believe that it will be able to fully comply with the diversion reduction requirements and other remaining requirements under the 2009 Order and the 2016 Order, including 2021 Deadline. While the Company cannot currently predict the likelihood or result of any adverse outcome associated with these matters, further attempts to comply with the 2009 Order and the 2016 Order, or the 2021 Deadline, may result in material additional costs or obligations to Cal Am, including fines and penalties against Cal Am in the event of noncompliance with the 2009 Order and the 2016 Order.
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Note 12: Earnings per Common Share
Presented in the table below is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for the basic and diluted EPS calculations:
  For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
Numerator:    
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 264  $ 240  $ 564  $ 523 
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—Basic 181  181  181  181 
Effect of dilutive common stock equivalents 1  —  —  — 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—Diluted 182  181  181  181 
The effect of dilutive common stock equivalents is related to outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units granted under the Company’s 2007 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan and outstanding restricted stock units and performance stock units granted under the Company’s 2017 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan, as well as estimated shares to be purchased under the Company’s 2017 Nonqualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Less than one million share-based awards were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method.
Note 13: Fair Value of Financial Information
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments:
Current assets and current liabilities—The carrying amounts reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for current assets and current liabilities, including revolving credit debt, due to the short-term maturities and variable interest rates, approximate their fair values.
Preferred stock with mandatory redemption requirements and long-term debt—The fair values of preferred stock with mandatory redemption requirements and long-term debt are categorized within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs that are used to value each instrument. The fair value of long-term debt classified as Level 1 is calculated using quoted prices in active markets. Level 2 instruments are valued using observable inputs and Level 3 instruments are valued using observable and unobservable inputs.
Presented in the tables below are the carrying amounts, including fair value adjustments previously recognized in acquisition purchase accounting, and the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments:
Carrying Amount At Fair Value as of September 30, 2020
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Preferred stock with mandatory redemption requirements $ 6  $ —  $ —  $ 7  $ 7 
Long-term debt (excluding finance lease obligations) 9,644  9,477  418  1,726  11,621 
  Carrying Amount At Fair Value as of December 31, 2019
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Preferred stock with mandatory redemption requirements $ 7  $ —  $ —  $ 9  $ 9 
Long-term debt (excluding finance lease obligations) 8,664  7,689  417  1,664  9,770 
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Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Presented in the tables below are assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and their level within the fair value hierarchy:
At Fair Value as of September 30, 2020
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:        
Restricted funds $ 39  $ —  $ —  $ 39 
Rabbi trust investments 18  —  —  18 
Deposits 4  —  —  4 
Other investments 18  —  —  18 
Total assets 79  —  —  79 
Liabilities:        
Deferred compensation obligations 23  —  —  23 
Total liabilities 23  —  —  23 
Total assets $ 56  $ —  $ —  $ 56 
At Fair Value as of December 31, 2019
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:        
Restricted funds $ 31  $ —  $ —  $ 31 
Rabbi trust investments 17  —  —  17 
Deposits 3  —  —  3 
Other investments 8  —  —  8 
Total assets 59  —  —  59 
Liabilities:        
Deferred compensation obligations 21  —  —  21 
Total liabilities 21  —  —  21 
Total assets $ 38  $ —  $ —  $ 38 
Restricted funds—The Company’s restricted funds primarily represent proceeds received from financings for the construction and capital improvement of facilities and from customers for future services under operation, maintenance and repair projects.
Rabbi trust investments—The Company’s rabbi trust investments consist of equity and index funds from which supplemental executive retirement plan benefits and deferred compensation obligations can be paid. The Company includes these assets in other long-term assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Deposits—Deposits include escrow funds and certain other deposits held in trust. The Company includes cash deposits in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Deferred compensation obligations—The Company’s deferred compensation plans allow participants to defer certain cash compensation into notional investment accounts. The Company includes such plans in other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The value of the Company’s deferred compensation obligations is based on the market value of the participants’ notional investment accounts. The notional investments are comprised primarily of mutual funds, which are based on observable market prices.
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Mark-to-market derivative assets and liabilities—The Company utilizes fixed-to-floating interest-rate swaps, typically designated as fair-value hedges, to achieve a targeted level of variable-rate debt as a percentage of total debt. The Company also employs derivative financial instruments in the form of variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps and treasury lock agreements, classified as economic hedges and cash flow hedges, respectively, in order to fix the interest cost on existing or forecasted debt. The Company uses a calculation of future cash inflows and estimated future outflows, which are discounted, to determine the current fair value. Additional inputs to the present value calculation include the contract terms, counterparty credit risk, interest rates and market volatility. The Company has no significant mark-to-market derivatives outstanding as of September 30, 2020.
Other investments—Other investments primarily represent money market funds used for active employee benefits. The Company includes other investments in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Note 14: Leases
The Company has operating and finance leases involving real property, including facilities, utility assets, vehicles, and equipment. Certain operating leases have renewal options ranging from one to 60 years. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company’s sole discretion. Renewal options that the Company was reasonably certain to exercise are included in the Company’s right-of-use (“ROU”) assets. Certain operating leases contain the option to purchase the leased property. The operating leases for real property, vehicles and equipment will expire over the next 39 years, six years, and five years, respectively. Certain lease agreements include variable rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The Company participates in a number of arrangements with various public entities (“Partners”) in West Virginia. Under these arrangements, the Company transferred a portion of its utility plant to the Partners in exchange for an equal principal amount of Industrial Development Bonds (“IDBs”) issued by the Partners under the Industrial Development and Commercial Development Bond Act. The Company leased back the utility plant under agreements for a period of 30 to 40 years. The Company has recorded these agreements as finance leases in property, plant and equipment, as ownership of the assets will revert back to the Company at the end of the lease term. The carrying value of the finance lease assets was $147 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company determined that the finance lease obligations and the investments in IDBs meet the conditions for offsetting, and as such, are reported net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and excluded from the finance lease disclosure presented below.
The Company also enters into O&M agreements with the Partners. The Company pays an annual fee for use of the Partners’ assets in performing under the O&M agreements. The O&M agreements are recorded as operating leases, and future annual use fees of $4 million in 2020 through 2024, and $56 million thereafter, are included in operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Rental expenses under operating and finance leases were $3 million and $10 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
Presented in the table below is supplemental cash flow information:
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Cash paid for amounts in lease liabilities (a)
$ 3  $ 11 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 1  2 
(a)Includes operating and financing cash flows from operating and finance leases.
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Presented in the table below are the weighed-average remaining lease terms and the weighted-average discount rates for finance and operating leases:
As of September 30, 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Finance lease 6 years
Operating leases 19 years
Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance lease 12  %
Operating leases 4  %
Presented in the table below are the future maturities of lease liabilities at September 30, 2020:
Amount
2020 $ 3 
2021 13 
2022 12 
2023 8 
2024 7 
Thereafter 101 
Total lease payments 144 
Imputed interest (50)
Total $ 94 
Note 15: Segment Information
The Company’s operating segments are comprised of the revenue-generating components of its businesses for which separate financial information is internally produced and regularly used by management to make operating decisions, assess performance and allocate resources. The Company operates its businesses primarily through one reportable segment, the Regulated Businesses segment. The Company also operates market-based businesses that, individually, do not meet the criteria of a reportable segment in accordance with GAAP, and are collectively presented as the Market-Based Businesses. “Other” includes corporate costs that are not allocated to the Company’s operating segments, eliminations of inter-segment transactions, fair value adjustments and associated income and deductions related to the acquisitions that have not been allocated to the operating segments for evaluation of performance and allocation of resource purposes. The adjustments related to the acquisitions are reported in Other as they are excluded from segment performance measures evaluated by management.
Presented in the tables below is summarized segment information:
  As of or for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Regulated Businesses Market-Based Businesses Other Consolidated
Operating revenues $ 945  $ 139  $ (5) $ 1,079 
Depreciation and amortization 138  7  9  154 
Total operating expenses, net 543  108  (5) 646 
Interest, net (72) —  (27) (99)
Income before income taxes 346  31  (25) 352 
Provision for income taxes 85  7  (4) 88 
Net income attributable to common shareholders 261  23  (20) 264 
Total assets 21,946  1,110  1,338  24,394 
Cash paid for capital expenditures 442  1  1  444 
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  As of or for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Regulated Businesses Market-Based Businesses Other Consolidated
Operating revenues $ 883  $ 136  $ (6) $ 1,013 
Depreciation and amortization 132  9  3  144 
Total operating expenses, net 505  108  (6) 607 
Interest, net (74) 1  (24) (97)
Income before income taxes 313  30  (25) 318 
Provision for income taxes 77  7  (6) 78 
Net income attributable to common shareholders 236  23  (19) 240 
Total assets 19,787  1,060  1,391  22,238 
Cash paid for capital expenditures 399  2  2  403 
  As of or for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
  Regulated Businesses Market-Based Businesses Other Consolidated
Operating revenues $ 2,468  $ 399  $ (13) $ 2,854 
Depreciation and amortization 417  20  14  451 
Total operating expenses, net 1,558  309  2  1,869 
Interest, net (218) 1  (79) (296)
Income before income taxes 744  91  (92) 743 
Provision for income taxes 183  23  (27) 179 
Net income attributable to common shareholders 561  68  (65) 564 
Total assets 21,946  1,110  1,338  24,394 
Cash paid for capital expenditures 1,303  7  4  1,314 
  As of or for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
  Regulated Businesses Market-Based Businesses Other Consolidated
Operating revenues $ 2,323  $ 402  $ (17) $ 2,708 
Depreciation and amortization 394  26  10  430 
Total operating expenses, net 1,455  322  (15) 1,762 
Interest, net (221) 3  (66) (284)
Income before income taxes 671  86  (60) 697 
Provision for income taxes 169  22  (17) 174 
Net income attributable to common shareholders 502  64  (43) 523 
Total assets 19,787  1,060  1,391  22,238 
Cash paid for capital expenditures 1,092  10  13  1,115 
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read together with the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, and in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on management’s current expectations, estimates and projections about the Company’s business, operations and financial performance. The cautionary statements made in this Form 10-Q should be read as applying to all related forward-looking statements whenever they appear in this Form 10-Q. The Company’s actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including those that are discussed under “Forward-Looking Statements,” and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. The Company has a disclosure committee consisting of members of senior management and other key employees involved in the preparation of the Company’s SEC reports. The committee is actively involved in the review and discussion of the Company’s SEC filings.
Overview
American Water is the largest and most geographically diverse, publicly traded water and wastewater utility company in the United States, as measured by both operating revenues and population served. The Company’s primary business involves the ownership of utilities that provide water and wastewater services to residential, commercial, industrial, public authority, fire service and sale for resale customers, collectively presented as the “Regulated Businesses.” Services provided by the Company’s utilities are subject to regulation by multiple state utility commissions or other entities engaged in utility regulation, collectively referred to as public utility commissions (“PUCs”). The Company also operates market-based businesses that provide complementary water, wastewater and other services to residential and smaller commercial customers, the U.S. government on military installations, as well as municipalities, utilities and industrial customers, collectively presented as the “Market-Based Businesses.” These Market-Based Businesses are not subject to economic regulation by state PUCs. See Part I, Item 1—Business in the Company’s Form 10-K for additional information.
Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Update
American Water continues to monitor the global impact of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and take steps to mitigate potential risks to the Company. American Water has three main areas of focus as part of its response to COVID-19: the care and safety of its employees; the safety of its customers and the communities it serves; and the execution of its business continuity plan. American Water continues to work with its vendors to understand the potential impacts to its supply chain, and, at this time, has not experienced, and does not anticipate, any material negative impacts to its supply chain. American Water also continues to monitor the impacts of the pandemic on its access to the capital markets, and to the extent such access is adversely affected, American Water may need to consider alternative sources of funding for its operations and for working capital, any of which could increase its cost of capital.
This pandemic continues to be an evolving situation, and American Water is monitoring developments affecting its employees, customers, contractors and vendors and will take additional actions as warranted. To date, the Company has experienced COVID-19 financial impacts, including an increase in uncollectible accounts expense, additional debt costs, and certain incremental operation and maintenance (“O&M”) expenses. The Company has also experienced decreased revenues as a result of the waiver of late fees and foregone reconnect fees. These impacts are collectively referred to as “financial impacts.” See Note 3—Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. The extent to which COVID-19 may further impact American Water, including without limitation, its liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations, will depend on future developments, which presently are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.
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As of November 4, 2020, American Water has commission orders authorizing deferred accounting for COVID-19 financial impacts in 11 of 14 jurisdictions, with proceedings in three jurisdictions pending. In addition to approving deferred accounting, to date, two regulatory jurisdictions have also approved cost recovery mechanisms for specified COVID-19 financial impacts. Regulatory actions to date are presented in the table below:
Commission Actions Description States
Orders issued
Allows the Company to establish regulatory assets to record certain financial impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
CA, HI, IA, IL, IN, MD, MO, NJ, PA, VA, WV
Cost recovery mechanisms
California’s Catastrophic Event Memorandum Account allows the Company to track and recover certain financial impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Illinois has authorized cost recovery of COVID-19 financial impacts through a special purpose rider over a 24-month period, which was implemented by the Company’s Illinois subsidiary effective October 1, 2020.
CA, IL
Proceedings pending
Proceedings pending seeking commission orders authorizing deferred accounting for future cost recovery of COVID-19 financial impacts.
KY, NY, TN
Consistent with these regulatory orders, the Company recorded $29 million in regulatory assets and $3 million of regulatory liabilities for the financial impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020.
Financing Activities
To ensure adequate liquidity given the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on debt and capital markets, on March 20, 2020, American Water and American Water Capital Corp. (“AWCC”), a wholly owned finance subsidiary of American Water, entered into a Term Loan Credit Agreement that provides for a term loan facility of up to $750 million (the “Term Loan Facility”). On March 20, 2020, AWCC borrowed $500 million under the Term Loan Facility, the proceeds of which were used for general corporate purposes of AWCC and American Water, and to provide additional liquidity. The Term Loan Facility allowed for a single additional borrowing of up to $250 million, which expired unused on June 19, 2020. See Note 8—Short-Term Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
On April 14, 2020, AWCC completed a $1.0 billion debt offering which included the sale of $500 million aggregate principal amount of its 2.80% senior notes due 2030 and $500 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.45% senior notes due 2050. Net proceeds of this offering were used to lend funds to parent company and its regulated subsidiaries, repay various senior notes and regulated subsidiary debt obligations at maturity, repay commercial paper obligations and short-term indebtedness under AWCC’s unsecured revolving credit facility, and for general corporate purposes. See Note 7—Long-Term Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Company sought to take advantage of lower interest rates available in the capital markets in 2020 by refinancing long-term debt, where possible. In the first nine months of 2020, AWCC and the Company’s regulated subsidiaries issued in the aggregate $236 million of private activity bonds and government funded debt in multiple transactions with annual interest rates ranging from 0.60% to 1.20%, maturing in 2023. The Company used these proceeds to retire an aggregate of $236 million of long-term debt issues with annual interest rates ranging from 4.45% to 5.60%.
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Financial Results
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, diluted earnings per share were $1.46 and $3.11, respectively, an increase of $0.13 and $0.22 per diluted share, respectively, as compared to the prior year. These increases were primarily driven by continued growth in the Regulated Businesses from infrastructure investment, acquisitions and organic growth, as well as the benefit from depreciation expense related to the assets of the Company’s New York subsidiary, as required by assets held for sale accounting. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2020, net income increased as a result of warmer and drier than normal weather across several of the Company’s subsidiaries, and an increase in revenues, primarily from the Company’s residential customers from many states experiencing stay at home activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Partially offsetting these increases were estimated impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic on the Homeowner Services Group (“HOS”) from some delay in new partner relationships and launch of new products. Additionally, during the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a $4 million pre-tax benefit from the reduction of the liability related to the Freedom Industries chemical spill settlement in West Virginia. See “Segment Results of Operations” below for additional information.
Growth—through capital investment in infrastructure and regulated acquisitions, as well as strategic growth opportunities in the Market-Based Businesses
The Company expects to continue to grow its businesses, with the majority of its growth to be achieved in the Regulated Businesses through (i) continued capital investment in the Company’s infrastructure to provide safe, clean, reliable and affordable water and wastewater services to its customers, and (ii) regulated acquisitions to expand the Company’s services to new customers. The Company also expects to continue to grow the Market-Based Businesses, which leverages its core water and wastewater competencies. During the first nine months of 2020, the Company invested $1.38 billion, primarily in the Regulated Businesses, as discussed below:
Regulated Businesses Growth
•$1.31 billion capital investment in the Regulated Businesses, the majority for infrastructure improvements and replacements.
•$59 million to fund acquisitions in the Regulated Businesses, which added approximately 23,100 water and wastewater customers through the nine months ended September 30, 2020, in addition to approximately 10,900 customers added through organic growth through the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
During October 2020, the Company closed on the acquisition of five regulated water and wastewater systems adding approximately 13,100 customers, for a total aggregate purchase price of $74 million. As of November 4, 2020, the Company has entered into agreements for pending acquisitions in the Regulated Businesses to add approximately 19,000 additional customers. The Company plans to invest approximately $1.9 billion as planned across its footprint in 2020.
Market-Based Businesses Growth
Military Services Group (“MSG”) was awarded the contract for ownership, operation and maintenance of the water and wastewater systems at Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington state, effective September 24, 2020. Joint Base Lewis-McChord is comprised of Fort Lewis and McChord Air Force Base. The joint base has a population of approximately 110,000, comprised of 40,000 active personnel, 60,000 family members and 15,000 civilian and contract employees. The total contract award includes estimated revenues of approximately $771 million over a 50-year period, subject to an annual economic price adjustment.
Sale of New York American Water Company, Inc.
On November 20, 2019, the Company and the Company’s New York subsidiary entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”) with Liberty Utilities Co, which it subsequently assigned to its indirect, wholly owned subsidiary Liberty Utilities (Eastern Water Holdings) Corp. (“Liberty”), pursuant to which Liberty will purchase all of the capital stock of the New York subsidiary (the “Stock Purchase”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $608 million in cash, subject to adjustment as provided in the Stock Purchase Agreement. The Company’s regulated New York operations have approximately 125,000 customer connections in the State of New York. Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp., Liberty’s ultimate parent company, executed and delivered an absolute and unconditional guaranty of the performance of the obligations of Liberty under the Stock Purchase Agreement. The Stock Purchase is subject to various conditions, including obtaining regulatory approvals and satisfying or waiving other closing conditions. The Stock Purchase Agreement may be terminated by either party if the Stock Purchase is not completed by June 30, 2021, subject to extension for up to six months if all of the conditions to closing have been met, other than obtaining regulatory approvals. Liberty may also terminate the Stock Purchase Agreement if any governmental authority initiates a condemnation or eminent domain proceeding against a majority of the consolidated properties of the New York subsidiary, taken as a whole.
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On October 28, 2020, the Governor of the State of New York issued a press release discussing proposed legislation intended to hold utilities accountable for failing to prepare for and respond to frequent and extreme weather events. In the press release, the Governor stated that the proposed legislation also would, among other things, amend the utility franchise revocation process for recurring failures and require the New York State Public Service Commission (the “NYSPSC”) to study whether private water suppliers should be placed under municipal control. The Company’s New York subsidiary will review and respond to any such legislation if and when a bill is introduced. Meanwhile, the Company’s New York subsidiary continues to work constructively with the NYSPSC and is taking the actions necessary to complete the Stock Purchase. Subject to satisfying or waiving the various conditions to closing and assuming the transaction is not terminated as described above prior to closing, the Company expects the Stock Purchase will be completed in early 2021. Accordingly, the assets and related liabilities of the New York subsidiary were classified as held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020. See Note 5—Acquisitions and Divestitures in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Operational Excellence
The Company’s adjusted regulated O&M efficiency ratio, which is used as a measure of the operating performance of the Regulated Businesses, was 34.2% for the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to 34.8% for the twelve months ended September 30, 2019. The improvement in this ratio reflects the continued focus on operating costs, as well as an increase in operating revenues for the Regulated Businesses.
The Company’s adjusted regulated O&M efficiency ratio is a non-GAAP measure, and is defined as its operation and maintenance expenses from the Regulated Businesses, divided by the operating revenues from the Regulated Businesses, where both operation and maintenance expenses and operating revenues were adjusted to eliminate purchased water expense. Also excluded from operation and maintenance expenses are the allocable portion of non-operation and maintenance support services costs, mainly depreciation and general taxes, which are reflected in the Regulated Businesses segment as operation and maintenance expenses, but for consolidated financial reporting purposes, are categorized within other line items in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The items discussed above were excluded from the O&M efficiency ratio calculation as they are not reflective of management’s ability to increase the efficiency of the Regulated Businesses, and in preparing operating plans, budgets and forecasts and in assessing historical performance, management relies, in part, on trends in the Company's historical results, exclusive of these items.
The Company evaluates its operating performance using this ratio, and believes it is useful to investors because it directly measures improvement in the operating performance and efficiency of the Regulated Businesses. This information is derived from the Company’s consolidated financial information but is not presented in its financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). This information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s GAAP disclosures, and should be considered as an addition to, and not a substitute for, any GAAP measure. The Company’s adjusted regulated O&M efficiency ratio is not an accounting measure that is based on GAAP, may not be comparable to other companies’ operating measures and should not be used in place of the GAAP information provided elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.
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Presented in the table below is the calculation of the Company’s adjusted regulated O&M efficiency ratio and a reconciliation that compares operation and maintenance expenses and operating revenues, each as determined in accordance with GAAP, to those amounts utilized in the calculation of its adjusted O&M efficiency ratio:
For the Twelve Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions) 2020 2019
Total operation and maintenance expenses $ 1,605  $ 1,526 
Less:
Operation and maintenance expenses—Market-Based Businesses 386  398 
Operation and maintenance expenses—Other (20) (49)
Total operation and maintenance expenses—Regulated Businesses 1,239  1,177 
Less:
Regulated purchased water expenses 146  133 
Allocation of non-operation and maintenance expenses 34  32 
Adjusted operation and maintenance expenses—Regulated Businesses (i)
$ 1,059  $ 1,012 
Total operating revenues $ 3,756  $ 3,558 
Less:
Operating revenues—Market-Based Businesses 536  540 
Operating revenues—Other (18) (22)
Total operating revenues—Regulated Businesses 3,238  3,040 
Less:
Regulated purchased water revenues (a)
146  133 
Adjusted operating revenues—Regulated Businesses (ii)
$ 3,092  $ 2,907 
Adjusted O&M efficiency ratio—Regulated Businesses (i) / (ii)
34.2  % 34.8  %
(a)The calculation assumes regulated purchased water revenues approximate regulated purchased water expenses.
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Regulatory Matters
Presented in the table below are annualized incremental revenues, assuming a constant water sales volume, resulting from general rate cases authorizations that became effective:
(In millions) During the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
General rate cases by state:
Indiana (a)
$ —  $ 13 
California (b)
—  5 
Total general rate cases $ —  $ 18 
Infrastructure surcharges by state:
Pennsylvania (effective January 1, 2020, April 1, 2020 and July 1, 2020)
$ 4  $ 19 
Kentucky (effective July 1, 2020)
1  1 
New Jersey (effective January 1, 2020 and June 29, 2020)
—  20 
Missouri (effective June 27, 2020)
—  10 
Tennessee (c)
—  2 
Illinois (effective January 1, 2020)
—  7 
West Virginia (effective January 1, 2020)
—  3 
Total infrastructure surcharges $ 5  $ 62 
(a)The Company’s Indiana subsidiary filed for and, on May 4, 2020, received approval to implement, a $13 million increase for the second rate year, effective May 1, 2020.
(b)The Company’s California subsidiary filed for the third year (2020) step increase, a request for $5 million associated with its most recent general case authorization. The $5 million request was approved and the step rates became effective on January 1, 2020.
(c)The Company’s Tennessee subsidiary received approval on May 11, 2020, for infrastructure surcharges for annualized incremental revenues of $2 million, effective January 1, 2020.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on March 25, 2020, the NYSPSC approved the Company’s New York subsidiary’s request to postpone the subsidiary’s previously approved step increase, originally scheduled to go into effect April 1, 2020. Per the order, the rate increase was originally postponed for five months until September 1, 2020, at which time the previously approved step increase would go into effect. The order further provided a make whole provision to recover the delayed revenues with no earnings impact. In addition to the rate increase postponement, the System Improvement Charge, normally scheduled to go into effect August 1, 2020, was also postponed until September 1, 2020. On September 1, 2020, the Company’s New York subsidiary filed an emergency petition to further postpone the authorized rate increase and other authorized charges until January 1, 2021, with no significant earnings impact. This request was in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the related state of emergency declared by the Governor of New York on March 7, 2020. These delays impact rates for all metered and fire customers, which the Company is authorized to recover in a make-whole surcharge beginning April 1, 2021.
Effective October 1, 2020, the Company’s Pennsylvania subsidiary implemented infrastructure surcharges for annualized incremental revenues of $8 million.
Effective November 1, 2020, the Company’s New Jersey subsidiary implemented base rates for annualized incremental revenues of $39 million. Additionally, on October 28, 2020, the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (“NJBPU”) approved a stipulation and settlement (the “TCJA Settlement”) that is intended to resolve the treatment of the remaining impacts of the TCJA on the rates and books of the Company’s New Jersey subsidiary. The TCJA Settlement identifies the Company’s New Jersey subsidiary’s excess accumulated deferred income taxes (“EADIT”) resulting from the TCJA’s reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, and provides for the amortization and return to its customers of its unprotected EADIT balance of $133 million over a period of 15 years. The Company’s New Jersey subsidiary’s protected EADIT balance of $188 million will be amortized and returned to its customers pursuant to the average rate assumption method over the remaining life of the underlying assets. The TCJA Settlement also requires the Company’s New Jersey subsidiary to return to customers an aggregate of $52.9 million of EADIT through (i) base rates approved in the General Rate Case Settlement and (ii) $32.5 million in customer bill credits over a ten-month period beginning November 1, 2020.
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Pending General Rate Case Filings
On August 28, 2020, the Company’s Iowa subsidiary filed a general rate case requesting $3 million in annualized incremental revenues. Intervenor testimony is due December 17, 2020 with evidentiary hearings scheduled to start March 3, 2021. An order is expected by April 30, 2021 with rates effective by July 1, 2021.
On June 30, 2020, the Company’s Missouri subsidiary filed a general rate case requesting $78 million in annualized incremental revenues. On August 26, 2020, the Missouri Public Service Commission issued an order setting the test year and adopting a procedural schedule. Revenue requirement direct testimony is due November 24, 2020 for all non-Company parties, with a technical conference scheduled for December 3, 2020. Cost of service and rate design direct testimony is due December 9, 2020 for all non-company parties, with a technical conference scheduled for December 15, 2020. Rebuttal testimony is due by all parties on January 15, 2021, and true-up data due January 29, 2021. A settlement conference is scheduled for February 15, 2021, with evidentiary hearings scheduled for February 22, 2021 through March 5, 2021. Initial briefs are due March 19, 2021 and reply and true-up briefs are due April 2, 2021. New rates are anticipated to be effective by May 31, 2021.
On April 29, 2020, the Company’s Pennsylvania subsidiary filed a general rate case requesting $92 million and $46 million in annualized incremental revenues for rate year 1 and rate year 2, respectively. On October 30, 2020, the Company’s Pennsylvania subsidiary and the Bureau of Investigation and Enforcement entered into a settlement agreement providing for a total annualized revenue increase of $71 million over a two-year period. The settlement agreement was filed with the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (the “PaPUC”) effective November 2, 2020. In November 2020, the Company’s Pennsylvania subsidiary and the remaining active parties in the case will present their positions in briefs to the Administrative Law Judge, who will then issue to the PaPUC a recommended decision, including a recommendation on the settlement, on or before December 24, 2020. After its review of the matter, the PaPUC will issue a final order, which is currently expected to occur during the first quarter of 2021.
On July 1, 2019, the Company’s California subsidiary filed a general rate case requesting $26 million annualized incremental revenues for 2021, and increases of $10 million and $11 million in the escalation year of 2022 and the attrition year of 2023, respectively. On October 11, 2019, the Company filed its 100 day update for the same proceeding and updated the request to $27 million annualized incremental revenues for 2021, and increases of $10 million and $10 million in the escalation year of 2022 and the attrition year of 2023, respectively. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the California Public Utilities Commission (the “CPUC”) suspended the procedural schedule in the general rate case and directed the parties to participate in an alternative dispute resolution process and provide a joint status conference statement by November 15, 2020. On September 10, 2020, the CPUC approved the Company’s California subsidiary’s motion for interim rates, establishing a memorandum account to track the difference between interim and final rates adopted by the CPUC in this proceeding, which will have an effective date of January 1, 2021.
On January 22, 2020, the Company’s California subsidiary submitted a request to delay by one year its cost of capital filing and maintain its current authorized cost of capital through 2021. On March 12, 2020, the CPUC granted the request for a one year extension of the cost of capital filing. The current cost of capital parameters will remain unchanged in 2021 and the subsidiary may file a new cost of capital application by May 1, 2021, to set its authorized cost of capital beginning January 1, 2022.
In 2018, the Company’s Virginia subsidiary filed a general rate case requesting $5 million in annualized incremental revenues. On May 1, 2019, interim rates subject to refund were implemented and will remain in effect until a final decision is received on this general rate case filing. On June 18, 2020, the Company’s Virginia subsidiary, Virginia State Corporation Commission Staff, the Office of the Attorney General, Division of Consumer Counsel, and the City of Alexandria submitted a partial stipulation of settlement. On July 10, 2020, the hearing examiner recommended that the Commission approve the partial settlement. On July 31, 2020, the parties filed comments to the hearing examiner’s reports focused on the outstanding issues in the case, which include approval of the partial settlement and the appropriate capital structure to apply for the Company’s future earnings tests. The Company is awaiting a final decision by the Commission. Virginia does not have a statutory date for the Commission to make a final decision in this case.
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Pending Infrastructure Surcharge Filings
Presented in the table below are the Company’s pending infrastructure surcharge filings representing annualized incremental revenues:
(In millions) Date Filed Amount
Pending infrastructure surcharge filings by state:
Missouri August 28, 2020 $ 2 
West Virginia (a) June 29, 2020 5 
New York May 29, 2020 1 
Total pending infrastructure surcharge filings $ 8 
(a)The Company’s West Virginia subsidiary amended its filing on September 22, 2020 to $5 million from the originally filed amount of $4 million.
Tax Matters
In March 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law. The CARES Act includes certain tax relief provisions applicable to the Company including: (i) the immediate refund of the corporate alternative minimum tax credit; (ii) the ability to carryback net operating losses for five years for tax years 2018 through 2020; and (iii) delayed payment of employer payroll taxes. The Company does not expect the CARES Act to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Legislative Updates
During 2020, the Company’s regulatory jurisdictions enacted the following legislation that has been approved and is effective as of November 4, 2020:
•Indiana House Enrolled Act 1131 establishes an appraisal process for non-municipal utilities to establish fair value and creates a presumption that the appraised value is a reasonable purchase price. Additionally, all new municipal systems will now be regulated for 10 years.
•Indiana Senate Enrolled Act 254 authorizes recovery without a full rate case for service enhancements for health, safety or environmental concerns for above ground infrastructure, and exempts relocation from distribution system improvement charge recovery caps.
•West Virginia Senate Bill 551 allows for expanded asset valuation, combined water and wastewater ratemaking and the expansion of how municipalities can utilize proceeds from the sale of a water or wastewater system.
•West Virginia Senate Bill 739 allows the Public Service Commission of West Virginia to force utility management changes up to and including an acquisition of a distressed or failing water or wastewater system, based on financial, managerial and technical ability among other factors, by a neighboring system that has the ability to assume control and protect consumers. The bill also includes guidance for customer notification, commission orders, and new rate mechanisms for cost recovery of these acquisitions.
•Iowa amended HF2452 legislation, which gives the Iowa Utilities Board 180 days to approve acquisitions and allows systems to qualify as a distressed system when they do not have a certified operator.
•Missouri House Bill 2120 requires most small community water utilities to establish a cybersecurity plan and valve and hydrant inspection program with reporting to the Department of Natural Resources certifying compliance with these provisions upon request.
•Virginia Senate Bill 831 directs the Virginia State Corporation Commission to establish fair market value for the state, and the legislation authorizes a water or sewer public utility acquiring a water or sewer system to elect to have its rate base established by using the fair market value. The Virginia State Corporation Commission issued an order on August 27, 2020 adopting the proposed rules governing Water or Wastewater Utility Applications Seeking Fair Valuation of Acquisitions of Municipal Water or Wastewater Systems effective as of October 1, 2020.
In September 2020, the CPUC released a decision under its Low-Income Rate Payer Assistance program rulemaking that will require the Company’s California subsidiary to file a proposal to alter its water revenue adjustment mechanism in its next general rate case filing in 2022, which would become effective in January 2024. On October 5, 2020, the Company’s California subsidiary filed an application for rehearing of the decision.
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Condemnation and Eminent Domain
All or portions of the Regulated Businesses’ utility assets could be acquired by state, municipal or other government entities through one or more of the following methods: (i) eminent domain (also known as condemnation); (ii) the right of purchase given or reserved by a municipality or political subdivision when the original certificate of public convenience and necessity (a “CPCN”) was granted; and (iii) the right of purchase given or reserved under the law of the state in which the utility subsidiary was incorporated or from which it received its CPCN. The acquisition consideration related to such a proceeding initiated by a local government may be determined consistent with applicable eminent domain law, or may be negotiated or fixed by appraisers as prescribed by the law of the state or in the particular CPCN.
As such, the Regulated Businesses are periodically subject to condemnation proceedings in the ordinary course of business. For example, a citizens group in Monterey, California successfully added “Measure J” to the November 2018 election ballot asking voters to decide whether the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (the “MPWMD”) should conduct a feasibility study concerning the potential purchase of the Monterey water service system assets (the “Monterey system assets”) of the Company’s California subsidiary, and, if feasible, to proceed with a purchase of those assets without an additional public vote. This service territory represents approximately 40,000 customers. In November 2018, Measure J was certified to have passed. 
On August 19, 2019, the MPWMD’s General Manager issued a report that recommends that the MPWMD board (1) develop criteria to determine which water systems should be considered for acquisition, (2) examine the feasibility of acquiring the Monterey system assets and consider public ownership of smaller systems only if the MPWMD becomes the owner of a larger system, (3) evaluate whether it is in the public interest to acquire the Monterey system assets and sufficiently satisfy the criterion of “feasible” as provided in Measure J, (4) ensure there is significant potential for cost savings before agreeing to commence an acquisition, and (5) develop more fully alternate operating plans before deciding whether to consider a Resolution of Necessity.
On November 6, 2019, the MPWMD issued a preliminary valuation and cost of service analysis report, finding in part that (1) an estimate of the Monterey system assets’ total value plus adjustments would be approximately $513 million, (2) the cost of service modeling results indicate significant annual reductions in revenue requirements and projected monthly water bills, and (3) the acquisition of the Monterey system assets by the MPWMD would be economically feasible. On June 12, 2020, the MPWMD issued a draft environmental impact report for the potential acquisition of the Monterey system assets and a related district boundary adjustment that would be required if the MPWMD were to acquire and operate certain of the Monterey system assets located outside the MPWMD’s boundaries, and on July 31, 2020, the Company’s California subsidiary submitted comments to this draft report. On September 15, 2020, the MPWMD gave notice of its intention to appraise the Monterey system assets and related property interests. On September 29, 2020, the Company’s California subsidiary declined to make the Monterey system assets and related property interests available for inspection or to comply with any of the other requests contained in the MPWMD’s notice. On October 7, 2020, the MPWMD issued a final environmental impact report (“FEIR”), and on October 29, 2020, the MPWMD’s board of directors certified the FEIR as drafted, which purports to analyze the MPWMD’s project to (1) acquire the Monterey system assets through the power of eminent domain, if necessary, and (2) expand its geographic boundaries to include all parts of this system. The Company’s California subsidiary is reviewing the FEIR and is considering further action.
The MPWMD will be required to file an application with the Local Agency Formation Commission of Monterey County (“LAFCO”) seeking approval to become a retail water provider and annex approximately 56 parcels of land into the MPWMD’s boundaries. Approval by LAFCO is a precondition to the MPWMD’s ability to file an eminent domain proceeding against the Company’s California subsidiary to acquire the Monterey system assets. If the MPWMD were to make a final determination that an acquisition of the Monterey system assets is feasible, it would then need to file a multi-year eminent domain proceeding against the Company’s California subsidiary. In that proceeding, it would first need to establish its right to take the Monterey system assets. If such right is established, the amount of just compensation to be paid to the California subsidiary for such assets would then need to be determined.
Also, five municipalities in the Chicago, Illinois area (approximately 30,300 customers in total) formed a water agency and filed an eminent domain lawsuit against the Company’s Illinois subsidiary in January 2013, seeking to condemn the water pipeline that serves those five municipalities. Before filing its eminent domain lawsuit, the water agency made an offer of $38 million for the pipeline. The parties have filed with the court updated valuation reports. Although the date of the valuation trial is not currently scheduled, it is not likely to commence until the second quarter of 2021.
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Furthermore, the law in certain jurisdictions in which the Regulated Businesses operate provides for eminent domain rights allowing private property owners to file a lawsuit to seek just compensation against a public utility, if a public utility’s infrastructure has been determined to be a substantial cause of damage to that property. In these actions, the plaintiff would not have to prove that the public utility acted negligently. In California, lawsuits have been filed in connection with large-scale natural events such as wildfires. Some have included allegations that infrastructure of certain utilities triggered the natural event that resulted in damage to the property. In some cases, the PUC has allowed certain costs or losses incurred by the utility to be recovered from customers in rates, but in other cases such recovery in rates has been disallowed. Also, the utility may have obtained insurance that could respond to some or all of such losses, although the utility would be at risk for any losses not ultimately subject to rate or insurance recovery or losses that exceed the limits of such insurance.
Consolidated Results of Operations
Presented in the table below are the Company’s consolidated results of operations:
  For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
(In millions)
Operating revenues $ 1,079  $ 1,013  $ 2,854  $ 2,708 
Operating expenses:
Operation and maintenance 419  395  1,193  1,132 
Depreciation and amortization 154  144  451  430 
General taxes 73  68  225  209 
(Gain) on asset dispositions and purchases —  —  —  (9)
Total operating expenses, net 646  607  1,869  1,762 
Operating income 433  406  985  946 
Other income (expense):
Interest, net (99) (97) (296) (284)
Non-operating benefit costs, net 12  4  37  12 
Other, net 6  5  17  23 
Total other income (expense) (81) (88) (242) (249)
Income before income taxes 352  318  743  697 
Provision for income taxes 88  78  179  174 
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 264  $ 240  $ 564  $ 523 
The main factors contributing to the $24 million and $41 million increases in net income attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, are described in “Segment Results of Operations” below. Partially offsetting these increases in net income was higher interest expense at parent company supporting growth in the business during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Segment Results of Operations
The Company’s operating segments are comprised of the revenue-generating components of its business for which separate financial information is internally produced and regularly used by management to make operating decisions, assess performance and allocate resources. The Company operates its business primarily through one reportable segment, the Regulated Businesses segment. The Company also operates market-based businesses that, individually, do not meet the criteria of a reportable segment in accordance with GAAP, and are collectively presented as the Market-Based Businesses, which is consistent with how management assesses the results of these businesses.
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Regulated Businesses Segment
Presented in the table below is financial information for the Regulated Businesses:
  For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
(In millions)    
Operating revenues $ 945  $ 883  $ 2,468  $ 2,323 
Operation and maintenance 335  310  932  875 
Depreciation and amortization 138  132  417  394 
General taxes 69  64  211  195 
(Gain) on asset dispositions and purchases —  (1) (3) (9)
Other income (expenses) (56) (64) (166) (196)
Income before income taxes 346  313  744  671 
Provision for income taxes 85  77  183  169 
Net income attributable to common shareholders 261  236  561  502 
Operating Revenues
Presented in the tables below is information regarding the main components of the Regulated Businesses’ operating revenues, with explanations for material variances provided in the ensuing discussions:
  For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
(In millions)  
Water services:    
Residential $ 562  $ 504  $ 1,435  $ 1,297 
Commercial 187  188  471  477 
Fire service 37  37  110  106 
Industrial 38  38  101  104 
Public and other 60  63  178  183 
Total water services 884  830  2,295  2,167 
Wastewater services 48  43  137  123 
Other (a)
13  10  36  33 
Total operating revenues $ 945  $ 883  $ 2,468  $ 2,323 
(a)Includes other operating revenues consisting primarily of miscellaneous utility charges, fees and rents.
  For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
(Gallons in millions)  
Billed water services volumes:    
Residential 57,917  50,962  135,875  125,835 
Commercial 23,556  24,207  56,434  60,840 
Industrial 9,925  10,423  26,422  28,232 
Fire service, public and other 14,783  14,541  37,414  37,751 
Billed water services volumes 106,181  100,133  256,145  252,658 
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For the three months ended September 30, 2020, operating revenues increased $62 million, primarily due to: (i) $36 million increase from authorized rate increases, including infrastructure surcharges, principally to fund infrastructure investment in various states; (ii) $11 million increase from water and wastewater acquisitions, as well as organic growth in existing systems; and (iii) $17 million increase in demand, including an estimated $14 million from warmer and drier than normal weather in the third quarter of 2020, and an estimated $10 million of favorable impact from the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily from increased revenues from the Company’s residential customers.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, operating revenues increased $145 million, primarily due to: (i) $97 million increase from authorized rate increases, including infrastructure surcharges, principally to fund infrastructure investment in various states; (ii) $27 million increase from water and wastewater acquisitions, as well as organic growth in existing systems; (iii) $26 million increase in demand, primarily driven by weather, including warmer and drier than normal weather in the third quarter of 2020 and unusually wet weather conditions experienced in the Northeast and Midwest during the second quarter of 2019; and (iv) $5 million decrease in other operating revenues due to the impacts of the TCJA.
Operation and Maintenance
Presented in the table below is information regarding the main components of the Regulated Businesses’ operating and maintenance expense, with explanations for material variances provided in the ensuing discussions:
  For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
(In millions)    
Employee-related costs $ 125  $ 116  $ 369  $ 348 
Production costs 100  95  253  239 
Operating supplies and services 65  57  175  168 
Maintenance materials and supplies 18  17  56  54 
Customer billing and accounting 14  15  41  39 
Other 13  10  38  27 
Total $ 335  $ 310  $ 932  $ 875 
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, operation and maintenance expense increased $25 million, primarily due to: (i) $9 million increase in employee-related costs primarily from higher headcount and related compensation expense supporting growth in the businesses; (ii) $5 million increase in production costs primarily due to higher purchased water usage and costs across several subsidiaries, including the Company’s California and Illinois subsidiaries; and (iii) $8 million increase in operating supplies and technology services.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, operation and maintenance expense increased $57 million, primarily due to: (i) $21 million increase in employee-related costs primarily from higher headcount and related compensation expense in support of the growth in the business, as well as higher group insurance costs due to higher premiums in 2020, and higher pension expense due to higher service costs; (ii) $14 million increase in production costs primarily due to higher purchased water usage and costs across several subsidiaries, including the Company’s California and Illinois subsidiaries; (iii) $7 million increase in operating supplies and technology services; and (iv) $11 million increase in other operation and maintenance expense principally due to favorable insurance claims activity in 2019, higher property insurance premiums and a $4 million reduction to the liability related to the Freedom Industries chemical spill, recorded in the first quarter of 2019.
Depreciation and Amortization
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, depreciation and amortization increased $6 million and $23 million, respectively, primarily due to additional utility plant placed in service, partially offset by the pre-tax benefit of $3 million and $10 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, from depreciation expense not recorded related to the assets of the Company’s New York subsidiary, as required by assets held for sale accounting.
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General Taxes
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, general taxes increased $5 million and $16 million, respectively, primarily due to increased capital investments which resulted in increased property tax assessments, an increase in the New Jersey Gross Receipts Tax, and other tax rate increases across the Company’s footprint. Additionally, the Company’s Pennsylvania subsidiary received tax credits lowering the Company’s general tax expense in 2019.
(Gain) on Asset Dispositions and Purchases
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, (gain) on asset dispositions and purchases decreased $1 million and $6 million, respectively. The decrease during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to a $6 million pre-tax gain recognized on a land sale in the Company’s Pennsylvania subsidiary during the second quarter of 2019.
Other Income (Expenses)
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, other income (expenses) increased $8 million and $30 million, respectively, primarily due to the reduction in the non-service cost components of pension and other postretirement benefits expense resulting from higher asset returns and favorable actuarial performance.
Provision for Income Taxes
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s provision for income taxes increased $8 million and $14 million, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate was 25.0% and 24.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 24.1% and 25.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in the Company’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to a lower effective tax rate in 2019. The decrease in the Company’s effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to an increase in the amortization of EADIT due to regulatory orders resulting from the TCJA, and an increase in stock based compensation benefits.
Market-Based Businesses
Presented in the table below is information for the Market-Based Businesses, with explanations for material variances provided in the ensuing discussions:
  For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
(In millions)    
Operating revenues $ 139  $ 136  $ 399  $ 402 
Operation and maintenance 99  98  284  292 
Depreciation and amortization 7  9  20  26 
Income before income taxes 31  30  91  86 
Provision for income taxes 7  7  23  22 
Net income attributable to common shareholders 23  23  68  64 
Operating Revenues
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, operating revenues increased $3 million primarily due to: (i) $15 million increase in MSG from increased capital upgrades primarily at Fort Leonard Wood, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Fort Polk, and the addition of two new military contracts in 2019 (Joint Base San Antonio and the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York); (ii) $2 million increase in HOS primarily from price increases for existing customers and contract growth; (iii) $11 million decrease from the sale of the Company’s Keystone Clearwater Solutions, LLC (“Keystone”) operations in the fourth quarter of 2019; and (vi) $2 million decrease from the expiration of the Company’s contract with the Township of Edison, New Jersey in 2019.
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For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, operating revenues decreased $3 million, primarily due to: (i) $41 million decrease from the sale of the Company’s Keystone operations in the fourth quarter of 2019; (ii) $5 million decrease from the expiration of the Company’s contract with the Township of Edison, New Jersey in 2019; (iii) $3 million decrease from the sale and termination of several of the Company’s Contract Services Group’s O&M contracts during 2019; (iv) $39 million increase in MSG from increased capital upgrades primarily at Fort Leonard Wood, Fort Polk, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Fort Hood, and the addition of two new military contracts in 2019 (Joint Base San Antonio and the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York); and (v) $10 million increase in HOS primarily from price increases for existing customers and contract growth.
Operation and Maintenance
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, operation and maintenance expense increased $1 million, primarily due to: (i) $13 million increase in MSG from increased capital upgrades, as discussed above; (ii) $9 million decrease from the sale of the Company’s Keystone operations, as discussed above; and (iii) $3 million decrease from the expiration of the Company’s contract with the Township of Edison, New Jersey in 2019.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, operation and maintenance expense decreased $8 million, primarily due to: (i) $34 million decrease from the sale of the Company’s Keystone operations, as discussed above; (ii) $5 million decrease from the expiration of the Company’s contract with the Township of Edison, New Jersey in 2019; and (iii) $33 million increase in MSG from increased capital upgrades, as discussed above.
Depreciation and Amortization
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, depreciation and amortization decreased $2 million and $6 million, respectively, primarily due to the sale of the Company’s Keystone operations in the fourth quarter of 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
For a general overview of the sources and uses of capital resources, see the introductory discussion in Part II, Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources in the Company’s Form 10-K.
Liquidity needs for capital investment, working capital and other financial commitments are generally funded through cash flows from operations, public and private debt offerings, commercial paper markets, and, if and to the extent necessary, borrowings under AWCC’s revolving credit facility. In light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial and capital markets, on March 20, 2020, AWCC entered into the $750 million Term Loan Facility and immediately executed a $500 million draw thereunder to support the Company’s short-term liquidity by retaining that amount in cash. The Term Loan Facility allowed for a single additional borrowing of up to $250 million, which expired unused on June 19, 2020. The Term Loan Facility commitments terminate on March 19, 2021. During the first nine months of 2020, the Company also utilized its existing sources of liquidity, such as current cash balances, cash flows from operations and borrowings under the revolving credit facility as necessary or desirable to meet the Company’s short-term liquidity requirements. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $560 million as of September 30, 2020.
The Company’s revolving credit facility provides $2.25 billion in aggregate total commitments from a diversified group of financial institutions. The revolving credit facility is used principally to support AWCC’s commercial paper program, to provide additional liquidity support, and to provide for the issuance of up to $150 million in letters of credit. The maximum aggregate principal amount of short-term borrowings authorized for issuance under AWCC’s commercial paper program is $2.10 billion. Subject to satisfying certain conditions, the credit agreement also permits AWCC to increase the maximum commitment under the facility by up to an aggregate of $500 million. As of September 30, 2020, AWCC had no outstanding borrowings and $76 million of outstanding letters of credit under the revolving credit facility, and $545 million of outstanding commercial paper, with $1.63 billion available to fulfill short-term liquidity needs and to issue letters of credit. During the first six months of 2020, the Company borrowed, and subsequently repaid $650 million under the revolving credit facility. The weighted-average interest rate on AWCC’s outstanding short-term borrowings, including $500 million of outstanding principal on the Term Loan Facility as of September 30, 2020, was approximately 0.55% and 1.86% at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. On April 1, 2020, the termination date of the credit agreement with respect to AWCC’s revolving credit facility was extended, pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement, from March 21, 2024 to March 21, 2025.
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Presented in the table below is the aggregate credit facility commitments, commercial paper limit and letter of credit availability under the revolving credit facility, as well as the available capacity for each as of September 30, 2020:
Commercial Paper Limit Letters of Credit Total (a)
(In millions)
Total availability $ 2,100  $ 150  $ 2,250 
Outstanding commercial paper (545) —  (545)
Outstanding letters of credit —  (76) (76)
Total outstanding (545) (76) (621)
Remaining availability as of September 30, 2020 $ 1,555  $ 74  $ 1,629 
(a)Total remaining availability of $1.63 billion as of September 30, 2020 may be accessed through revolver draws.
Presented in the table below is the Company’s total available liquidity as of September 30, 2020:
Cash and Cash Equivalents Availability on Revolving Credit Facility Total Available Liquidity
(In millions)
Available liquidity as of September 30, 2020 $ 560  $ 1,629  $ 2,189 
The Company believes that existing sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet its cash requirements for the foreseeable future. However, as the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy, the financial and capital markets, and the Company’s operations evolve, the Company will continue to assess its liquidity needs. Though not currently anticipated, no assurances can be provided that the lenders will meet existing commitments to AWCC under the revolving credit facility, or that AWCC will be able to access the commercial paper or loan markets in the future on acceptable terms. In the event of a sustained market deterioration, the Company may need to obtain additional sources of liquidity, which would require the Company to evaluate available alternatives and take appropriate actions. See Note 8—Short-Term Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
On April 14, 2020, AWCC completed a $1.0 billion debt offering, which included the sale of $500 million aggregate principal amount of its 2.80% senior notes due 2030 and $500 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.45% senior notes due 2050. At the closing of the offering, AWCC received, after deduction of underwriting discounts and before deduction of offering expenses, net proceeds of $989 million. AWCC used the net proceeds of this offering: (i) to lend funds to parent company and its regulated subsidiaries; (ii) to fund sinking fund payments for, and to repay at maturity, $28 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding long-term debt of AWCC and certain of the Company’s regulated subsidiaries; (iii) to repay AWCC’s commercial paper obligations and short-term indebtedness under AWCC’s $2.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facility; and (iv) for general corporate purposes. In connection with the debt offering, the Company entered into four 10-year treasury lock agreements during March 2020, each with a notional amount of $100 million, to reduce interest rate exposure on debt. These treasury lock agreements had an average fixed rate of 0.94% and were terminated on April 8, 2020. See Note 7—Long-Term Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
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Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
Cash flows provided by operating activities primarily result from the sale of water and wastewater services and, due to the seasonality of demand, are generally greater during the warmer months. Presented in the table below is a summary of the major items affecting the Company’s cash flows provided by operating activities:
  For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019
(In millions)    
Net income $ 564  $ 523 
Add (less):
Depreciation and amortization 451  430 
Deferred income taxes and amortization of investment tax credits 174  163 
Other non-cash activities (a)
(25) (29)
Changes in working capital (b)
(139) (89)
Settlement of cash flow hedges (6) (30)
Pension and postretirement healthcare contributions (31) (23)
Net cash flows provided by operations $ 988  $ 945 
(a)Includes provision for losses on accounts receivable, (gain) on asset dispositions and purchases, pension and non-pension postretirement benefits and other non-cash, net. Details of each component can be found on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
(b)Changes in working capital include changes to receivables and unbilled revenues, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and other current assets and liabilities, net, less the settlement of cash flow hedges.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, cash flows provided by operating activities increased $43 million, primarily due to an increase in net income and the decrease in cash paid for the settlement of cash flow hedges in 2020 compared to the prior year in connection with AWCC’s 2020 and 2019 debt offerings. The main factors contributing to the increase in net income are described in “Consolidated Results of Operations” and “Segment Results of Operations” above. Partially offsetting these increases was a change in working capital. The change in working capital was primarily the result of the following: (i) an increase in accounts receivable, net due to increased revenues compared to the same period in the prior year and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020; and (ii) a increase in unbilled revenues as a result of MSG achieving significant capital project milestones during 2020.
Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
Presented in the table below is a summary of the major items affecting the Company’s cash flows used in investing activities:
  For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019
(In millions)    
Net capital expenditures $ (1,314) $ (1,115)
Acquisitions (59) (85)
Other investing activities, net (a)
(73) (54)
Net cash flows used in investing activities $ (1,446) $ (1,254)
(a)Includes removal costs from property, plant and equipment retirements and proceeds from sale of assets.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, cash used in investing activities increased $192 million, primarily due to continued investment across all infrastructure categories, mainly replacement and renewal of transmission and distribution infrastructure in the Company’s Regulated Businesses. Additionally, proceeds from the sale of assets were higher in 2019 compared to 2020. Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in acquisitions primarily due to the acquisition of the City of Alton, Illinois’ regional wastewater system for $55 million in the second quarter of 2019. The Company plans to invest approximately $1.9 billion as planned across its footprint in 2020.
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Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities
Presented in the table below is a summary of the major items affecting the Company’s cash flows provided by financing activities:
  For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2020 2019
(In millions)    
Proceeds from long-term debt $ 1,250  $ 1,191 
Repayments of long-term debt (266) (153)
Proceeds from term loan 500  — 
Net repayments of short-term borrowings (242) (491)
Dividends paid (290) (263)
Anti-dilutive stock repurchases —  (36)
Other financing activities, net (a)
14  18 
Net cash flows provided by financing activities $ 966  $ 266 
(a)Includes proceeds from issuances of common stock under various employee stock plans and the dividend reinvestment plan, net of taxes paid, and advances and contributions for construction, net of refunds.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, cash flows provided by financing activities increased $700 million, primarily due to the $500 million borrowed under the Term Loan Facility during the first quarter of 2020, lower net repayments of commercial paper borrowings and no anti-dilutive stock repurchases in 2020, partially offset by higher net repayments of long-term debt and higher dividends paid in 2020.
Debt Covenants
The Company’s debt agreements contain financial and non-financial covenants. To the extent that the Company is not in compliance with these covenants, an event of default may occur under one or more debt agreements and the Company or its subsidiaries may be restricted in its ability to pay dividends, issue new debt or access the revolving credit facility. The long-term debt indentures contain a number of covenants that, among other things, prohibit or restrict the Company from issuing debt secured by the Company’s assets, subject to certain exceptions. Failure to comply with any of these covenants could accelerate repayment obligations.
Covenants in certain long-term notes, the Term Loan Facility and the revolving credit facility require the Company to maintain a ratio of consolidated debt to consolidated capitalization (as defined in the relevant documents) of not more than 0.70 to 1.00. On September 30, 2020, the Company’s ratio was 0.62 to 1.00 and therefore the Company was in compliance with the covenants.
Security Ratings
Presented in the table below are long-term and short-term credit ratings and rating outlooks as of November 4, 2020 as issued by the following rating agencies:
Securities Moody's Investors Service Standard & Poor's Ratings Service
Rating outlook Stable Stable
Senior unsecured debt Baa1 A
Commercial paper P-2 A-1
A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency, and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. Security ratings are highly dependent upon the ability to generate cash flows in an amount sufficient to service debt and meet investment plans. The Company can provide no assurances that its ability to generate cash flows is sufficient to maintain its existing ratings. None of the Company’s borrowings are subject to default or prepayment as a result of the downgrading of these security ratings, although such a downgrading could increase fees and interest charges under its credit facility.
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As part of its normal course of business, the Company routinely enters into contracts for the purchase and sale of water, energy, chemicals and other services. These contracts either contain express provisions or otherwise permit the Company and its counterparties to demand adequate assurance of future performance when there are reasonable grounds for doing so. In accordance with the contracts and applicable contract law, if the Company is downgraded by a credit rating agency, especially if such downgrade is to a level below investment grade, it is possible that a counterparty would attempt to rely on such a downgrade as a basis for making a demand for adequate assurance of future performance, which could include a demand that the Company must provide collateral to secure its obligations. The Company does not expect to post any collateral which will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Access to the capital markets, including the commercial paper market, and respective financing costs in those markets, may be directly affected by the Company’s securities ratings. The Company primarily accesses the debt capital markets, including the commercial paper market, through AWCC. However, the Company has also issued debt through its regulated subsidiaries, primarily in the form of tax-exempt securities or borrowings under state revolving funds, to lower the overall cost of debt.
Dividends
For discussion of the Company’s dividends, see Note 6—Shareholders' Equity in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Financial condition of the Company, results of operations and cash flows are impacted by the methods, assumptions and estimates used in the application of critical accounting policies. See Part II, Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in the Company’s Form 10-K for a discussion of its critical accounting policies. Additionally, see Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for updates to the significant accounting policies previously disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K.
Recent Accounting Standards
See Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of new accounting standards recently adopted or pending adoption.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company is exposed to market risk in the normal course of business, including changes in commodity prices, equity prices and interest rates. For further discussion of its exposure to market risk, see Part II, Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in the Company’s Form 10-K. Except as described below, there have been no significant changes to the Company’s exposure to market risk since December 31, 2019.
On April 8, 2020, the Company terminated four treasury lock agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $400 million, and as a result, the Company had no significant derivative instruments outstanding as of September 30, 2020.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
American Water maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2020.
Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2020, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable level of assurance.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company concluded that there have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The following information updates and amends the information provided in the Company’s Form 10-K in Part I, Item 3—Legal Proceedings, and in its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 in Part II, Item 1—Legal Proceedings. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Company’s Form 10-K.
Alternative Water Supply in Lieu of Carmel River Diversions
Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project
CPUC Final Approval of Water Supply Project
Cal Am’s ability to move forward on the Water Supply Project, which is intended, among other things, to fulfill Cal Am’s obligations under the 2009 Order and the 2016 Order, is subject to administrative review by the CPUC and other government agencies, obtaining necessary permits, and intervention from other parties. The CPUC’s 2016 and 2018 final decisions with respect to the Water Supply Project permit recovery of all of Cal Am’s prudently incurred costs associated therewith and adopt Cal Am’s related cost estimates, which amounted to an aggregate of $279 million plus allowance for funds used during construction (“AFUDC”) at a rate representative of Cal Am’s actual financing cost, subject to the frameworks related to cost caps, O&M costs, financing, ratemaking and contingency matters. The reasonableness of the Water Supply Project costs will be reviewed in the first general rate case filed by Cal Am after it becomes operational. Cal Am has incurred $147 million in aggregate costs as of September 30, 2020 related to the Water Supply Project, including $33 million in AFUDC. While Cal Am believes that its expenditures to date have been prudent and necessary to comply with the 2009 Order and the 2016 Order, as well as the CPUC’s 2016 and 2018 final decisions, Cal Am cannot currently predict its ability to recover all of its costs and expenses associated with the Water Supply Project and there can be no assurance that Cal Am will be able to recover all of such costs and expenses in excess of the $50 million in construction costs previously approved by the CPUC in its 2016 final decision. See Note 11—Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
On July 30, 2020, the Agencies advised Cal Am that the Performance Start Date under the water purchase agreement for the GWR Project is September 1, 2020. After June 30, 2021, Cal Am will determine the amount of advanced treated recycled water produced by the GWR Project and delivered to Cal Am during the first fiscal year of the water purchase agreement, to determine the Agencies’ compliance with their performance obligations thereunder.
Coastal Development Permit Application
On August 25, 2020, Coastal Commission staff released a report again recommending denial of Cal Am’s application for a coastal development permit. Although the report concluded that the Water Supply Project would have a negligible impact on groundwater resources, the report also concluded it would impact other coastal resources, such as environmentally sensitive habitat areas and wetlands, and that the Coastal Commission staff believes that a feasible alternative project exists that would avoid those impacts. The staff’s report also noted disproportionate impacts to communities of concern. On September 16, 2020, Cal Am withdrew its original jurisdiction application to allow additional time to address Coastal Commission staff’s environmental justice concerns, and Cal Am intends to refile this application with the Coastal Commission in November 2020. Once the application is refiled and the Coastal Commission deems it to be complete, it is required to process and take action on the application within 180 days. The withdrawal of the original jurisdiction application did not impact Cal Am’s appeal of the City’s denial, which remains pending before the Coastal Commission.
Cal Am continues to work constructively with all appropriate agencies to provide necessary information in connection with obtaining required approvals for the Water Supply Project. However, based on the foregoing, there can be no assurance that the Water Supply Project in its current configuration will be completed on a timely basis, if ever. Due to the delays by the Coastal Commission and a stay issued by the Monterey Superior Court on physical construction of the desalination plant, which Cal Am believes are circumstances beyond its control, Cal Am has notified the SWRCB that interim 2020 milestones set forth in the 2016 Order for intake well drilling and construction of the plant related to the Water Supply Project will not be met. The failure by Cal Am to meet such milestones could trigger a diversion reduction requirement under the 2016 Order, but the SWRCB may waive the diversion reduction if it finds that the failure to meet the interim milestone was due to circumstances beyond Cal Am’s control. Cal Am and the SWRCB’s staff are discussing a process for requesting from the SWRCB such a waiver. Cal Am also believes that these circumstances beyond its control will cause it to be unable to fully comply with the remaining milestones in the 2016 Order, and may affect its ability to comply with other remaining requirements under the 2009 Order and the 2016 Order, including the 2021 Deadline. While the Company cannot currently predict the likelihood or result of any adverse outcome associated with these matters, further attempts to comply with the 2009 Order and the 2016 Order, or the 2021 Deadline, may result in material additional costs or obligations to Cal Am, including fines and penalties against Cal Am in the event of noncompliance with the 2009 Order and the 2016 Order. See Note 11—Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
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Desalination Plant Development Permit
The Monterey County Superior Court has continued the stay on the commencement of physical construction of the desalination plant until further notice. Hearing on MCWD’s petition took place on October 6, 2020, and the court took the matter under submission.
Water Supply Project Land Use Acquisition and Slant Well Site Use
A hearing on the City’s December 30, 2019 lawsuit filed in the Monterey County Superior Court challenging the County’s filing, and SDWR’s acceptance of the filing, as the exclusive GSA for the CEMEX site has been scheduled for March 29, 2021.
On September 14, 2020, Cal Am filed a separate but related complaint challenging the validity of actions taken by the City in adopting a groundwater sustainability plan for the CEMEX site, and the validity of the provisions of such plan. A case management conference has been set for January 12, 2021.
On May 8, 2020, the City filed a lawsuit, which it amended on June 29, 2020, in Monterey County Superior Court, naming Cal Am and CEMEX as defendants, and MCWRA and MCWD as real parties in interest. The lawsuit alleges a claim for breach of contract against CEMEX and seeks a declaration voiding the permanent easement to Cal Am and prohibiting extraction of water by Cal Am’s slant wells at the CEMEX site in excess of 500 acre-feet per year and the export of such water outside the groundwater basin. Cal Am is vigorously defending itself against the claims raised in the City’s lawsuit. To that effect, Cal Am has filed a demurrer and motion to strike, and each of CEMEX and MCWRA has also filed a demurrer. Arguments on the demurrers and motions to strike were heard at a hearing held on September 1, 2020. Following the hearing, on September 30, 2020, the court (i) overruled the demurrers as to the claim for declaratory relief, (ii) sustained the demurrers as to the breach of contract claim but permitted the plaintiff the right to amend its claim, and (iii) denied the motions to strike.
On August 4, 2020, MCWD filed a cross-complaint against Cal Am, CEMEX and MCWRA, alleging claims for specific performance of certain provisions of the 1996 annexation agreement related to the property owned by CEMEX on which intake wells for the Water Supply Project will be located, water rights, nuisance, unreasonable water use, and declaratory relief. On September 9, 2020, Cal Am filed a demurrer and motion to strike challenging the claims asserted by MCWD. On October 14, 2020, the court sustained, with leave to amend, the demurrers as to the claims for specific performance, enjoinment of invasion of water rights, nuisance and unreasonable water use, and the court overruled the demurrers as to the claim for declaratory relief.
Dunbar, West Virginia Water Main Break Class Action Litigation
On February 4, 2020, the Jeffries plaintiffs filed a motion seeking class certification on the issues of breach of contract and negligence, and to determine the applicability of punitive damages and a multiplier for those damages if imposed. A hearing on class certification was held on March 11, 2020, followed by a status conference on April 7, 2020. On June 11, 2020, the court ruled that it would partially grant the Jeffries plaintiffs’ motion for certification of an issues class and would deny the request for certification of a class to determine a punitive damages multiplier for the class. On July 14, 2020, the court entered an order reflecting its June 11, 2020 rulings, and on August 31, 2020, WVAWC filed a Petition for a Writ of Prohibition in the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia seeking to vacate or remand the certification of the issues class. At the request of the parties, the trial court entered an order on September 10, 2020 to stay all matters in the class proceeding pending consideration of this petition. A trial date for the class proceeding has been set for April 12, 2021, but the Company believes that it will likely be delayed.
Chattanooga, Tennessee Water Main Break Class Action Litigation
On November 22, 2019, the Tennessee-American Water Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint as filed for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, and, with respect to the Company, for lack of personal jurisdiction. Oral argument on the motion to dismiss took place on September 9, 2020. On September 18, 2020, the court (i) granted the motion to dismiss the Tennessee Plaintiffs’ negligence claim against all Tennessee-American Water Defendants, (ii) denied the motion to dismiss the breach of contract claim against TAWC, (iii) held in abeyance the motion to dismiss the breach of contract claims against the Company and Service Company pending a further hearing and (iv) held in abeyance the Company’s motion to dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction. On September 24, 2020, at the request of the Tennessee Plaintiffs, the court dismissed without prejudice all claims in the Bruce complaint against the Company and Service Company. The impact of the September 2020 court orders was that all of the Tennessee Plaintiffs’ claims in this complaint were dismissed, other than the breach of contract claims against TAWC. On October 16, 2020, TAWC answered the complaint, and the parties are commencing with discovery.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, readers should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A—Risk Factors in the Form 10-K, and in the Company’s other filings with the SEC, which could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flows or future results. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A—Risk Factors in the Form 10-K, other than as set forth below.
In this Item 1A, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and “American Water” mean American Water Works Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries, taken together as a whole. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the Form 10-K.
Our utility operations are subject to extensive regulation by state PUCs and other regulatory agencies, which significantly affects our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Our utility operations also may be subject to fines, penalties and other sanctions for an inability to meet these regulatory requirements.
Our Regulated Businesses provide water and wastewater services to our customers through subsidiaries that are subject to regulation by state PUCs. This regulation affects the rates we charge our customers and has a significant impact on our business and results of operations. Generally, the state PUCs authorize us to charge rates that they determine are sufficient to recover our prudently incurred operating expenses, including, but not limited to, operating and maintenance costs, depreciation, financing costs and taxes, and provide us the opportunity to earn an appropriate rate of return on invested capital.
Our ability to successfully implement our business plan and strategy depends on the rates authorized by the various state PUCs. We periodically file rate increase applications with state PUCs. The ensuing administrative process may be lengthy and costly. Our rate increase requests may or may not be approved, or may be partially approved, and any approval may not occur in a timely manner. Moreover, a PUC may not approve a rate request to an extent that is sufficient to:
•cover our expenses, including purchased water and costs of chemicals, fuel and other commodities used in our operations;
•enable us to recover our investment; and
•provide us with an opportunity to earn an appropriate rate of return on our investment.
Approval of the PUCs is also required in connection with other aspects of our utilities’ operations. Some state PUCs are empowered to impose financial penalties, fines and other sanctions for non-compliance with applicable rules and regulations. Our utilities are also required to have numerous permits, approvals and certificates from the PUCs that regulate their businesses and authorize acquisitions, dispositions, and, in certain cases, affiliated transactions. Although we believe that each utility subsidiary has obtained or sought renewal of the material permits, approvals and certificates necessary for its existing operations, we are unable to predict the impact that future regulatory activities may have on our business.
The current COVID-19 pandemic may limit or curtail significantly or entirely the ability of PUCs to approve or authorize applications and other requests we may make with respect to our Regulated Businesses, including without limitation any or all types of approvals described above, as PUCs and their staffs seek to reduce, delay or streamline proceedings and other activities. PUCs and other governmental authorities have taken, and may continue to take, emergency or other actions in light of the pandemic that may impact us, including prohibiting the termination of service for non-payment during the current COVID-19 pandemic and extending or delaying procedural schedules in our regulatory proceedings. At this time, we are unable to predict the range of impacts that this pandemic or other related events may have on our ability to obtain these approvals as needed or requested by the Regulated Businesses in the ordinary course or at all, or the nature of any further emergency or other action that may be taken by the PUCs or other governmental authorities.
In any of these cases, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity may be adversely affected. Even if rates are sufficient, we face the risk that we will not achieve the rates of return on our invested capital to the extent permitted by state PUCs. This could occur if certain conditions exist, including, but not limited to, if water usage is less than the level anticipated in establishing rates, whether due to conservation efforts, impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, or if our investments or expenses prove to be higher than the level estimated in establishing rates.
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Service disruptions caused by severe weather conditions, climate variability patterns or natural or other disasters may disrupt our operations or reduce the demand for our water services, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
Service interruptions due to severe weather, climate variability patterns and natural or other events are possible across all our businesses. These include, among other things, storms, freezing conditions, high wind conditions, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, landslides, drought, wildfires, coastal and intercoastal floods or high water conditions, including those in or near designated flood plains, pandemics (including COVID-19) and epidemics, severe electrical storms, sinkholes and solar flares. Weather and other natural events such as these may affect the condition or operability of our facilities, limiting or preventing us from delivering water or wastewater services to our customers, or requiring us to make substantial capital expenditures to repair any damage. Tariffs in place or cost recovery proceedings with respect to our Regulated Businesses may not provide reimbursement to us, in whole or in part, for any of these impacts.
Government restrictions on water use may also result in decreased use of water services, even if our water supplies are sufficient to serve our customers, which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Seasonal drought conditions that may impact our water services are possible across all of our service areas. Governmental restrictions imposed in response to a drought may apply to all systems within a region independent of the supply adequacy of any individual system. Responses may range from voluntary to mandatory water use restrictions, rationing restrictions, water conservation regulations, and requirements to minimize water system leaks. While expenses incurred in implementing water conservation and rationing plans may generally be recoverable provided the relevant PUC determines they were reasonable and prudent, we cannot assure that any such expenses incurred will, in fact, be fully recovered. Moreover, reductions in water consumption, including those resulting from installation of equipment or changed consumer behavior, may persist even after drought restrictions are repealed and the drought has ended, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
A loss of one or more large industrial or commercial customers could have a material adverse impact upon the results of operations of one or more of our Regulated Businesses.
Adverse economic conditions, the COVID-19 pandemic or other factors may cause our customers, particularly industrial and large commercial customers, to curtail operations. A curtailment of operations by such a customer would typically result in reduced water usage by that customer. For example, during the first nine months of 2020, the Company has experienced a decrease in net customer demand related mainly to industrial and commercial customers, which the Company believes to be attributable to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In more severe circumstances, the decline in usage could be permanent. Any decrease in demand resulting from difficult economic conditions or the current COVID-19 pandemic affecting these customers could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Tariffs in place with respect to our Regulated Businesses may not reimburse us, in whole or in part, for any of these impacts.
Our business has inherently dangerous workplaces. If we fail to maintain safe work sites, we may experience workforce injuries or loss of life, and be exposed to financial losses, including penalties and other liabilities.
Safety is a core value and a strategy at American Water. Our safety performance and continual progress to our ultimate desired goal of zero injuries is critical to our reputation. We maintain health and safety standards to protect our employees, customers, contractors, vendors and the public. Although we intend to adhere to such health and safety standards with a goal of achieving zero injuries, it is extremely challenging to eliminate all safety incidents at all times.
At our business sites, including construction and maintenance sites, our employees, contractors and others are often in close proximity to large pieces of equipment, moving vehicles, pressurized water, underground trenches and vaults, chemicals and other regulated materials. On many sites, we are responsible for safety and, accordingly, must implement important safety procedures and practices above what governmental regulations require. As an essential business that must continue to provide water and wastewater services during the current COVID-19 pandemic, we are keenly focused on the care and safety of our employees, contractors, vendors and others who work at or visit our worksites. In this regard, for example, we have instituted work-from-home guidelines for all employees who can work remotely, closed all customer payment locations, implemented social distancing for work-related activities at a worksite, and encouraged the practice of frequent hand-washing. If the procedures we implement are ineffective or are not followed by our employees or others, or we fail to implement procedures, our employees, contractors and others may experience illness, or minor, serious or fatal injuries. Unsafe work sites have the potential to increase employee turnover, expose us to litigation and raise our operating costs. Any of the foregoing could result in financial losses, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
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In addition, our operations can involve the delivery, handling and storage of hazardous chemicals, which, if improperly delivered, handled, stored or disposed of, could result in serious injury, death, environmental damage or property damage, and could subject us to penalties or other liabilities. We are also subject to regulations dealing with occupational health and safety. Although we maintain functional employee groups whose primary purpose is to ensure we implement effective health and, safety work procedures and practices throughout our organization, including construction sites and maintenance sites, the failure to comply with such regulations or procedures could subject us to liability.
Our indebtedness could affect our business adversely and limit our ability to plan for or respond to changes in our business, and we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our liquidity needs.
As of September 30, 2020, our aggregate long-term and short-term debt balance (including preferred stock with mandatory redemption requirements) was $10.7 billion, and our working capital (defined as current assets less current liabilities) was in a deficit position. Our indebtedness could have important consequences, including:
•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital requirements or capital expenditures;
•exposing us to interest rate risk with respect to the portion of our indebtedness that bears interest at variable rates;
•limiting our ability to pay dividends on our common stock or make payments in connection with our other obligations;
•impairing our access to the capital markets for debt and equity;
•requiring that an increasing portion of our cash flows from operations be dedicated to the payment of the principal and interest on our debt, thereby reducing funds available for future operations, dividends on our common stock or capital expenditures;
•limiting our ability to take advantage of significant business opportunities, such as acquisition opportunities, and to react to changes in market or industry conditions; and
•placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to those of our competitors that have less debt.
In order to meet our capital expenditure needs, we may be required to borrow additional funds under the revolving credit facility or issue a combination of new short-term and long-term debt, and/or equity. We continue to assess our short- and long-term liquidity needs in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial and capital markets, especially with respect to the market for corporate commercial paper, which has experienced recent volatility and shortages of liquidity. In response to these events, on March 20, 2020, we entered into the $750 million 364-day Term Loan Facility and immediately executed a $500 million draw thereunder to support our short-term liquidity by retaining that amount in cash. The Term Loan Facility allowed for a single additional borrowing of up to $250 million, which expired unused on June 19, 2020. During the first nine months of 2020, we also utilized our existing sources of liquidity, such as our current cash balances, cash flows from operations and borrowings under the revolving credit facility as necessary or desirable to meet our short-term liquidity requirements. We believe that existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for the foreseeable future. However, as the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy, the financial and capital markets and our operations evolve, we will continue to assess our liquidity needs. In the event of a sustained market deterioration, we may need to obtain additional sources of liquidity, which would require us to evaluate available alternatives and take appropriate actions.
Moreover, additional borrowings may be required to refinance outstanding indebtedness. Other than debt with respect to the Term Loan Facility, debt maturities and sinking fund payments in 2021, 2022 and 2023 will be $315 million, $14 million and $356 million, respectively. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to access the debt or equity capital markets on favorable terms, if at all. Moreover, as new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks we now face could intensify, limiting our ability to refinance existing debt on favorable terms.
We have in the past (including during the first quarter of 2020) entered into, and in the future may enter into, financial derivative instruments, including without limitation, interest rate swaps, forward starting swaps, swaptions and U.S. Treasury lock agreements. However, these efforts may not be effective to fully mitigate interest rate risk, and may expose us to other risks and uncertainties, including quarterly “mark to market” valuation risk associated with these instruments, that could negatively and materially affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
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Our ability to pay our expenses and satisfy our debt service obligations depends in significant part on our future performance, which will be affected by the financial, business, economic, competitive, legislative (including tax initiatives and reforms, and other similar legislation or regulation), regulatory and other risk factors described in this section, many of which are beyond our control. If we do not have sufficient cash flows to pay the principal and interest on our outstanding debt, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing debt, reduce capital investments, sell assets, borrow additional funds or sell additional equity. In addition, if our business does not generate sufficient cash flows from operations, or if we are unable to incur indebtedness sufficient to enable us to fund our liquidity needs, we may be unable to plan for or respond to changes in our business, which could cause our financial condition, operating results and prospects to be affected materially and adversely.
Our inability to access the capital or financial markets or other events could affect our ability to meet our liquidity needs at reasonable cost and our ability to meet long-term commitments, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition to cash from operations, we generally rely primarily on AWCC’s $2.25 billion revolving credit facility, its $2.1 billion commercial paper program, and the capital markets to satisfy our liquidity needs. On April 1, 2020, the termination date of the credit agreement with respect to AWCC’s revolving credit facility was extended pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement from March 21, 2024 to March 21, 2025. Historically, we have regularly used AWCC’s commercial paper program rather than this revolving credit facility as a principal source of short-term borrowing due to the generally more attractive rates we generally could obtain in the commercial paper market. In addition, on March 20, 2020, AWCC entered into the $750 million 364-day Term Loan Facility to provide additional short-term liquidity support. As of September 30, 2020, AWCC had no outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility, $545 million of commercial paper outstanding, $76 million in outstanding letters of credit and $500 million outstanding under the 364-day Term Loan Facility. There can be no assurance that AWCC will be able to continue to access its commercial paper program or its revolving credit facility, when, as and if desired, or that the amount of capital available thereunder will be sufficient to meet all of our liquidity needs at a reasonable, or any, cost.
Under the terms of the revolving credit facility and the 364-day Term Loan Facility, our consolidated debt cannot exceed 70% of our consolidated capitalization, as determined under the terms of those facilities. If our equity were to decline or debt were to increase to a level that causes us to exceed this limit, lenders under those facilities would be entitled to refuse any further extension of credit under the revolving credit facility and to declare all of the outstanding debt under the revolving credit facility and/or the Term Loan Facility immediately due and payable. To avoid such a default, a waiver or renegotiation of this covenant would be required, which would likely increase funding costs and could result in additional covenants that would restrict our operational and financing flexibility.
Our ability to comply with this and other covenants contained in the revolving credit facility, the Term Loan Facility and our other consolidated indebtedness is subject to various risks and uncertainties, including events beyond our control. For example, events that could cause a reduction in equity include, without limitation, a significant write-down of our goodwill. Even if we are able to comply with this or other covenants, the limitations on our operational and financial flexibility could harm our business by, among other things, limiting our ability to incur indebtedness or reduce equity in connection with financings or other corporate opportunities that we may believe would be in our best interests or the interests of our shareholders to complete.
Disruptions in the capital markets or changes in our credit ratings could also limit our ability to access capital on terms favorable to us or at all. For example, in April 2019, Moody’s Investors Service changed the Company’s senior unsecured debt rating to Baa1, from A3, with a stable outlook. While the lending banks that participate in the revolving credit facility have met all of their obligations under those facilities, disruptions in the credit markets, changes in our credit ratings, or deterioration of the banking industry’s financial condition could discourage or prevent lenders from meeting their existing lending commitments, extending the terms of such commitments, or agreeing to new commitments. These or other occurrences may cause our lenders to not meet their existing commitments, and we may not be able to access the commercial paper or loan or capital markets in the future on terms acceptable to us or at all. Furthermore, our inability to maintain, renew or replace commitments under our revolving credit facility could materially increase our cost of capital and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Longer-term disruptions in the capital and credit markets as a result of economic, legislative, political or other uncertainty, including as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, changes in U.S. tax and other laws, reduced financing alternatives, or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect our access to the liquidity needed for our business. Any significant disruption in the capital, debt or credit markets, or financial institution failures could require us to take measures to conserve cash until the market stabilizes or until alternative financing can be arranged. Such measures could include delaying or deferring capital expenditures, reducing or suspending dividend payments, and reducing other discretionary expenditures. Finally, there is no assurance that we will be able to access the equity capital markets to obtain financing when necessary or desirable and on terms that are reasonable or acceptable to us.
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Any of the foregoing events that impede our access to the capital markets, or the failure of any of our lenders to meet their commitments that result from financial market disruptions, could expose us to increased interest expense, require us to institute cash conservation measures or otherwise adversely and materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
Market volatility and other conditions may impact the value of benefit plan assets and liabilities, as well as assumptions related to the benefit plans, which may require us to provide significant additional funding.
The performance of the capital markets affects the values of the assets that are held in trust to satisfy significant future obligations under our pension and postretirement benefit plans. The value of these assets is subject to market fluctuations and volatility, which may cause investment returns to fall below our projected return rates. Recently, in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, the stock market generally has experienced significant day-to-day fluctuations in market prices. We are currently unable to predict the effect, if any, of the COVID-19 pandemic on the valuation of our pension assets and liabilities. A decline in the market value of our pension and postretirement benefit plan assets as of the measurement date can increase the funding requirements under our pension and postretirement benefit plans. Additionally, our pension and postretirement benefit plan liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, interest rates have experienced volatility and are subject to potential further adjustments based on the actions of the U.S. Federal Reserve, and others. If interest rates are lower at the measurement date, our liabilities would increase, potentially increasing benefit expense and funding requirements. Further, changes in demographics, such as increases in life expectancy assumptions and increasing trends in health care costs may also increase our funding requirements. Future increases in pension and other postretirement costs as a result of reduced plan assets may not be fully recoverable in rates, in which case our results of operations and financial position could be negatively affected.
In addition, market factors can affect assumptions we use in determining funding requirements with respect to our pension and postretirement plans. For example, a relatively modest change in our assumptions regarding discount rates can materially affect our calculation of funding requirements. To the extent that market data compels us to reduce the discount rate used in our assumptions, our benefit obligations could be materially increased, which could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
In February 2015, the Board of Directors authorized an anti-dilutive stock repurchase program to mitigate the dilutive effect of shares issued through the Company’s dividend reinvestment, employee stock purchase and executive compensation activities. The program allows the Company to purchase up to 10 million shares of its outstanding common stock over an unrestricted period of time in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The program is conducted in accordance with Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act, and, to facilitate these repurchases, the Company enters into Rule 10b5-1 stock repurchase plans with a third-party broker, which allow the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so under insider trading laws or because of self-imposed trading blackout periods. Subject to applicable regulations, the Company may elect to amend or cancel the program or the stock repurchase parameters at its discretion to manage dilution.
The Company did not repurchase shares of common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020. From April 1, 2015, the date repurchases under the anti-dilutive stock repurchase program commenced, through September 30, 2020, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 4,860,000 shares of common stock under the program, leaving an aggregate of 5,140,000 shares available for repurchase under this program.
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ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
 Exhibit Number Exhibit Description
#2.1
3.1
3.2
*10.1
*10.2
*31.1
*31.2
**32.1
**32.2
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101).

#    Certain schedules and exhibits to this agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company will furnish the omitted schedules and exhibits to the SEC upon request; provided, however, that the Company may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Exchange Act for any exhibits or schedules so furnished.
*    Filed herewith.
**    Furnished herewith
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The Stock Purchase Agreement filed as Exhibit 2.1 hereto has been included to provide investors and security holders with information regarding its terms. It is not intended to provide any other factual information about the parties thereto, or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Stock Purchase Agreement (i) were made by the parties thereto only for purposes of that agreement and as of specific dates; (ii) were made solely for the benefit of the parties to the Stock Purchase Agreement; (iii) may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties, including being qualified by confidential disclosures exchanged between the parties in connection with the execution of the Stock Purchase Agreement (such disclosures include information that has been included in public disclosures, as well as additional non-public information); (iv) may have been made for the purposes of allocating contractual risk between the parties to the Stock Purchase Agreement instead of establishing these matters as facts; and (v) may be subject to standards of materiality applicable to the contracting parties that differ from those applicable to investors.
Investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or condition of the parties thereto, or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates. Additionally, the representations, warranties, covenants, conditions and other terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement may be subject to subsequent waiver or modification. Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of the representations, warranties and covenants may change after the date of the Stock Purchase Agreement, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in the Company’s public disclosures. The Stock Purchase Agreement should not be read alone, but should instead be read in conjunction with the other information regarding the Company and its New York subsidiary that is or will be contained in, or incorporated by reference into, the reports and other documents that are filed by the Company with the SEC.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 4th day of November, 2020.
 
AMERICAN WATER WORKS COMPANY, INC.
 
(REGISTRANT)
By /s/ WALTER J. LYNCH
  Walter J. Lynch
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
By /s/ M. SUSAN HARDWICK
  M. Susan Hardwick
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
By /s/ MELISSA K. WIKLE
  Melissa K. Wikle
Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
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Exhibit 10.1


August 5, 2020
AMENDED START DATE

Mr. Adam Noble
1110 Hammond Drive #784
Sandy Springs, GA 30328

Dear Adam:

On behalf of American Water Service Company, I am pleased to offer you the full-time position of Chief Technology and Innovation Officer, located at 1 Water Street in Camden, New Jersey headquarters. This position will report to Walter Lynch, Chief Executive Officer and President. Your anticipated start date will be Monday, August 31, 2020. We are confident that you will find this new role to be personally rewarding and one in which you can make significant contributions to the Company. The terms of this offer letter are subject to the approval of the Executive Development and Compensation Committee and the American Water Board of Directors.

In joining American Water, you will be part of the largest and most geographically diverse publicly traded U.S. water and wastewater utility company. Founded in 1886, with headquarters in Camden, New Jersey, the Company employs over 6,800 dedicated professionals who provide regulated and market-based drinking water, wastewater and other related services to an estimated 15 million people in 46 states.

Safety, trust, teamwork, high performance, and environmental leadership define our culture – a culture where every employee feels valued and lives up to his or her potential. Creating an environment where differences are embraced and where every person feels engaged and included makes us safer, stronger, and more successful. We believe that our success is based upon our employees having a vested interest in our business. As a part of our team, you will be tasked with helping make a great company even better – in doing so, you will be rewarded for your contributions. The following is our offer to you:

Base Salary: Your new bi-weekly salary is $14,807.70, which when annualized, will be approximately $385,000.00, subject to applicable withholdings. The salary level for your position is 80. Your job performance will be reviewed annually as part of our performance management process and you may be eligible for a merit increase in 2021.

APP: You are eligible to participate in American Water’s Annual Performance Plan with a target award amount equal to 50% of your annual base salary. For reference purposes, the 2020 cycle covers the period beginning on 01/01/2020 through 12/31/2020 and awards are prorated based on your start date. Awards from the Annual Performance Plan are based on several factors including company performance and attainment of individual performance objectives, and payments may be higher or lower than target.

LTPP: You are eligible to participate in American Water’s Long Term Performance Plan with a target opportunity equal to 100% of your base salary as of the grant date, which will be February 2021. For reference purposes, awards are currently granted in the following forms of equity in the Company: 30% in restricted stock units, 35% in performance stock units based on relative total shareholder return (TSR) ranking and 35% percent in performance stock units based on compounded adjusted EPS growth. LTPP awards are granted under the terms and conditions of the Company’s 2017 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan (the Plan), the LTPP program then in effect, and a grant document. In the event of any conflict between the terms of your offer letter and the terms of the Plan, the LTPP program then in effect and the grant document, the terms of those other documents will govern.


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Mr. Adam Noble
August 5, 2020
Page 2

Benefits: American Water offers a competitive benefits program for you and your eligible dependents. A summary of our benefits can be found by clicking HERE. Our benefit plans include medical, prescription drug, dental, vision, flexible
spending accounts (Health and Dependent Care), employer paid life/disability insurance, voluntary life insurance, incentive based MyWellness program, employee assistance program and educational assistance. Your enrollment is effective the 1st day of the month after your hire date.

401(k) Savings Plan: You will be eligible to participate in the 401(k) Savings Plan effective the date of hire. Approximately one week after your hire date, you will receive a letter from Prudential advising that you will be automatically enrolled into the plan at a 3% contribution level. If you do not enroll on your own, the automatic enrollment will take place 30 days from the date of the letter. You can stop or change your contribution percentage at any time. Company matches 100% for every dollar you contribute during each pay period up to the first 3% of your eligible pay, and a 50% matching contribution on the next 2% of your eligible pay you contribute during each pay period.

Defined Contribution Plan: You will be eligible to participate in the Defined Contribution plans effective the date of hire. American Water contributes on your behalf an amount equal to 5.25% of your base salary or hourly pay, regardless of whether you chose to make contributions to the 401(k) Plan. Your Defined Contributions will be invested in the same funds as you direct your 401(k) contributions to be invested. If you do not select an investment option, your account balance will be invested in the Vanguard Target Retirement Funds based on when you would attain age 65.

Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation: You will also be eligible to participate in our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan beginning in 2020, based on annual enrollment in December. The Company may make Employer Matching and Defined Contribution Account contributions as soon as administratively practicable after the end of the applicable plan year. Under the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, Employer Matching contributions are immediately vested; Defined Contribution Account contributions will vest after five years of service.

Equity: You will receive a one-time restricted stock unit grant under the Plan with a fair value of approximately $150,000.00. The number of shares will be determined based on the closing price of American Water stock on your first day of employment and will vest ratably over two (2) years beginning on 1/31/2021.

Relocation:  You will be eligible for a one-time lump sum in the amount of $100,000.00 net, for your relocation. You will be required to sign a Relocation Services Payback Agreement stating that if an employee resigns within 24 months of the date of their relocation, they are required to reimburse the net amount to the Company on a pro-rated basis.  The terms are confidential between you and American Water. The management of your lump sum will be handled by NEI Global Relocation.  Please note that your signature on the attached Relocation Payback Agreement is required to initiate the relocation process with NEI.

Sign on Bonus: You will receive a cash sign-on bonus of $100,000.00, within the first 60 days of your continuous employment, subject to applicable withholdings. This bonus is subject to repayment in full if you voluntarily leave the company prior to one year of service.

Holidays/Vacation: You will be eligible for 20 days of paid vacation, 6 floating holidays and 8 fixed holidays per calendar year. For the balance of 2020, you will be eligible for 8 vacation days and 3 floating holidays.




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Mr. Adam Noble
August 5, 2020
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Sick Days: You are eligible for 10 sick days annually. For the balance of 2020, you will be eligible for 5 sick days.

Executive Severance Policy: You will be an eligible participant under the executive severance policy which provides severance benefits to executives whose employment is involuntarily terminated by American Water for reasons other than cause. A copy of the Executive Severance policy has been provided with this offer.

This offer is contingent upon the successful completion and results of a ‘Position of Trust’ background check and drug screen, as well as your signature on this offer letter and the attached Confidentiality and Intellectual Property Agreements. Once we receive your signed offer letter, you will receive an email from HireRight requesting you to complete the electronic background application. Please complete this application within 24 hours of receiving the email.
Due to delays and closures at many laboratory testing facilities across the country arising from current COVID-19 concerns, you are not required to complete the drug test portion of the pre-employment process at this time. Please note that you will be required to complete this step at a later date. To avoid any possible delays in your start date, it is essential that we receive your signed offer letter as soon as possible and within three business days from receipt.

Additionally, as part of your onboarding process, you are required to complete a Form I-9 in compliance with the Immigration Reform and Control Act after the offer acceptance or no later than the first date of hire. You will receive an email prior to your start date with instructions. If you experience technical difficulty, please contact your Recruiter.

As you will be a Section 16 officer of the Company, American Water may be required to disclose your compensation and/or this offer letter in an SEC filing. Your signature below indicates your acknowledgment of this requirement of your position.

Please be advised this offer will expire within 3-days of the date of this letter if we do not receive a verbal or written response from you. It’s my pleasure to welcome you to American Water where I know you will be a great asset to the Company!

Please note that due to COVID-19 business impacts, your start date is subject to change if there are delays in any pre-employment checks/drug screens or should American Water’s business continuity plans change. I will keep you posted with any changes that might impact your start date as soon as possible.

Sincerely,
Marianne L. Taylor
Marianne L. Taylor
Director, Talent Acquisition
cc: Walter Lynch, President and CEO
Melanie Kennedy, SVP, Human Resources
Kate DePhilippo, Director, Compensation

I, Adam Noble, understand that my employment with American Water is "at will," which means that I am not guaranteed employment or any particular job for any specified period of time. The Company or I may terminate my employment at any time, for any or no reason, with or without cause.
/s/ Adam Noble August 10, 2020
Signature Date
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Exhibit 10.2
AMERICAN WATER WORKS COMPANY, INC.
2017 OMNIBUS EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN
RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT GRANT
This RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT GRANT, dated as of August 31, 2020 (the “Date of Grant”), is delivered by American Water Works Company, Inc. (the “Company”) to Adam Noble (the “Participant”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the Committee (as defined in the American Water Works Company, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”)) may grant equity awards under the Plan (each, an “Equity Award”) for shares of Common Stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share, (the “Company Stock”);
WHEREAS, the Committee in accordance with the Plan, has determined to grant the Participant an Equity Award in the form of restricted stock units; and
WHEREAS, the Committee has determined that the restricted stock units granted to the Participant hereunder shall be issued under the Plan and the terms and conditions of such restricted stock units shall be memorialized in this grant (the “Grant”).
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties to this Grant, intending to be legally bound hereby, agree as follows:
1.Grant of Restricted Stock Units. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Grant and the Plan, the Company hereby grants to the Participant 1,061 units (the “Restricted Stock Units”). Each unit (a “Unit”) shall be a phantom right and shall be equivalent to one share of Company Stock on the applicable Redemption Date (as defined below).
2.Restricted Stock Unit Account. The Company shall establish and maintain a Restricted Stock Unit account as a bookkeeping account on its records (the “Restricted Stock Unit Account”) for the Participant and shall record in such Restricted Stock Unit Account the number of Restricted Stock Units granted to the Participant. The Participant shall not have any interest in any fund or specific assets of the Company by reason of this grant or the Restricted Stock Unit Account established for the Participant.
3.Vesting.
(a)Except as provided in subparagraph (c) below, the Restricted Stock Units shall vest on the following dates (each a “Service Date”), provided the Participant continues to be employed by, or providing service to, the Employer (as defined in the Plan) from the Date of Grant through the applicable Service Date:






Service Date
     Units Vesting
January 31, 2021                 1/2
January 31, 2022                 1/2
The vesting of the Restricted Stock Units is cumulative, but shall not exceed 100% of the Units subject to the Restricted Stock Units. If the foregoing schedule would produce fractional Units, the number of Units for which the Restricted Stock Units becomes vested on a Service Date shall be rounded down to the nearest whole Unit. The Restricted Stock Units shall become vested with respect to 100% of the Units subject to the Restricted Stock Units on January 31, 2022, if the Participant is employed by, or providing service to, the Employer on such date.
(b)Subject to subparagraph (c) below, if at any time prior to January 31, 2022, the Participant’s employment or service with the Employer terminates for any reason, including death or disability, then all of the unvested Restricted Stock Units shall be immediately forfeited and the Participant shall not have any rights with respect to the vesting or the redemption of any portion of the Restricted Stock Unit.
(c)If at any time prior to January 31, 2022, but while the Participant is employed by or providing service to the Employer, a Change of Control (as defined below) occurs, the Company is not the surviving corporation (or survives only as a subsidiary of another corporation or entity (the “surviving corporation”)) and the Restricted Stock Units are not converted to similar grants of the surviving corporation (or a parent or subsidiary of the surviving corporation), then the portion of the Restricted Stock Units that have not yet vested as provided in subparagraph 3(a) above shall become fully vested on the date of the Change of Control (the “Change of Control Date”). In the event the Participant’s Restricted Stock Units are assumed by the surviving corporation but the Participant ceases to be employed by, or providing service to, the surviving corporation (or a parent or subsidiary of the surviving corporation) within twelve (12) months after the date of the Change of Control on account of (i) a termination of such Participant’s employment by the surviving corporation (or a parent of subsidiary of the surviving corporation) for any reason other than on account of Cause (as defined below), or on account of death or Disability (each as defined in the Plan), or (ii) a termination of employment or service by the Participant for Good Reason (as defined in the Plan), then the portion of the Restricted Stock Units that have not yet vested as provided in subparagraph 3(a) above shall become fully vested on the date of such termination of employment or service (the “Termination Date”). For purposes of this Grant, “Change of Control” shall mean as such term is defined in the Plan, except that a Change of Control shall not be deemed to have occurred for purposes of this Agreement unless the event constituting the Change of Control constitutes a change in the ownership or effective control of the Company, or in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Company, within the meaning of section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and its corresponding regulations. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Change of Control does not constitute a permitted change in control event under section 409A of the Code, then the Restricted Stock Unit shall not vest on the occurrence of the Change of Control. For purposes of this Grant, “Cause” shall mean a finding by the Committee that the
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Participant (i) has breached his or her employment or service contract with the Employer, if any; (ii) has engaged in disloyalty to the Employer including, without limitation, fraud, embezzlement, theft, commission of a felony or proven dishonesty; (iii) has disclosed trade secrets or confidential information of the Employer to persons not entitled to receive such information; (iv) has breached any written noncompetition or nonsolicitation agreement between the Participant and the Employer; or (v) has engaged in such other behavior detrimental to the interests of the Employer as the Committee determines.
4.Redemption. Unless an election is made pursuant to Paragraph 5 below, the Restricted Stock Units that have become vested pursuant to Paragraph 3 shall be redeemed by the Company on the earliest of the (i) applicable Service Date, (ii) the Change of Control Date or (iii) the Termination Date, (the date of redemption is hereinafter referred to as the “Redemption Date”). As soon as administratively practicable following the applicable Redemption Date, but not later than forty-five (45) days following the Redemption Date, (or, if applicable, the Deferred Date, as defined in Paragraph 5 below), all Restricted Stock Units that become vested pursuant to Paragraph 3 above shall be redeemed and converted to an equivalent number of shares of Company Stock, and the Participant shall receive a single distribution of such shares of Company Stock, which shall be issued under the Plan.
5.Deferrals. The Participant may make an irrevocable election to defer the Redemption Date (or further defer the Deferred Date (as defined below), if applicable) of any of the Restricted Stock Units that vest, plus dividend equivalents earned on such Restricted Stock Units as described in Paragraph 6 below, to a later date, provided that, except as to any election made by the Participant to accelerate the Deferred Date in the event of his or her death prior to the Deferred Date, (a) the election shall not take effect until at least twelve (12) months after the date on which the election is made, (b) the new Redemption Date cannot be earlier than five (5) years from the original Redemption Date under Paragraph 4 above (or five (5) years from the previously applicable Deferred Date, if a subsequent deferral of a Deferred Date is being made), and (c) the election must be made no less than twelve (12) months prior to the date of the Redemption Date (twelve (12) months prior to the previously applicable Deferred Date, if a subsequent deferral of a Deferred Date is being made). To defer the Redemption Date, the Participant must complete the deferral election form provided to the Participant, and return such form to the Company in the manner and by the deadline provided therein. If the Participant desires to make a further deferral, the Participant must make such election on a separate form provided for such purpose. Any such election shall be made in accordance with section 409A of the Code and any corresponding guidance and regulations issued under section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding a Participant’s election pursuant to this Paragraph, if the Change of Control Date or the Termination Date occurs prior to the Deferred Date, the redemption of the Participant’s Restricted Stock Units, plus corresponding dividend equivalents, will be the Change of Control Date or the Termination Date, as applicable. If a Redemption Date is delayed one or more times pursuant to any election made by the Participant pursuant to this Paragraph 5, the new Redemption Date shall be referred to as the “Deferred Date.”
6.Dividend Equivalents. Until the Redemption Date (or the Deferred Date, if elected), if any dividends are paid with respect to the shares of Company Stock, the Company shall credit to a dividend equivalent account (the “Dividend Equivalent Account”) the value of the dividends
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that would have been distributed if the Restricted Stock Units credited to the Participant’s Restricted Stock Unit Account as of the date of payment of any such dividend were shares of Company Stock. On the Redemption Date (or the Deferred Date, if applicable), the Company shall pay to the Participant in a lump sum cash equal to the value of the dividends credited to the Participant’s Dividend Equivalent Account; provided, however, that any dividends that were credited to the Participant’s Dividend Equivalent Account that are attributable to Units that have been forfeited as provided in Paragraph 3 above shall be immediately forfeited and not payable to the Participant. No interest shall accrue on any dividend equivalents credited to the Participant’s Dividend Equivalent Account.
7.Change of Control. Except as set forth in Paragraph 3(c) of this Grant, the provisions set forth in the Plan applicable to a Change of Control (as defined in the Plan) shall apply to the Restricted Stock Units, and, in the event of a Change of Control, the Committee may take such actions as it deems appropriate pursuant to the Plan and is consistent with the requirements of section 409A of the Code.
8.Acknowledgment by Participant. By accepting this Grant, the Participant acknowledges that with respect to any right to redemption or distribution pursuant to this Grant, the Participant is and shall be an unsecured general creditor of the Company without any preference as against other unsecured general creditors of the Company, and the Participant hereby covenants for himself or herself, and anyone at any time claiming through or under the Participant not to claim any such preference, and hereby disclaims and waives any such preference which may at any time be at issue, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
9.Restrictions on Issuance or Transfer of Shares of Company Stock.
(a)To the extent permitted by Code section 409A, the obligation of the Company to deliver shares of Company Stock upon the redemption of the Restricted Stock Units shall be subject to the condition that shares of Company Stock be qualified for listing on the New York Stock Exchange or another securities exchange and be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and that any consent or approval of any governmental regulatory body that is necessary to issue shares of Company Stock has been so obtained, and that shares of Company Stock may not be issued in whole or in part unless such listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval shall have been effected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Committee.
(b)The issuance of shares of Company Stock and the payment of cash to the Participant pursuant to this Grant is subject to any applicable taxes and other laws or regulations of the United States or of any state having jurisdiction thereof.

(c)As a condition to receive any shares of Company Stock on the Redemption Date (or the Deferred Date, if applicable), the Participant agrees:

(i)to be bound by, and to comply with, the Company’s policies and practices (as they may be in effect from time to time) regarding the restrictions or limitations on the transfer of such shares, and understands that the Participant may be restricted or
4

prohibited at any time and from time to time from selling, transferring, pledging, donating, assigning, margining, mortgaging, hypothecating or otherwise encumbering the shares in accordance with such policies and practices, including without limitation the Company’s Insider Trading and Prohibited Transactions Policy and the Personal Securities Trading and Preclearance Practice; and

(ii)that the shares of Company Stock obtained by the Participant upon the redemption of the Restricted Stock Units shall be subject to the guidelines and restrictions set forth in the Company’s Executive Stock Ownership Guidelines and Executive Stock Retention Requirements, effective as of July 26, 2019 (and as they may be amended, restated, supplemented and interpreted), and any applicable clawback or recoupment policies and other policies that may be implemented by the Company’s Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof, from time to time.
10.Participant Undertaking. The Participant agrees to take whatever additional actions and execute whatever additional documents the Company may deem necessary or advisable in order to carry out or effect one or more of the obligations or restrictions imposed on the Participant pursuant to the provisions of this Grant.
11.Grant Subject to Plan Provisions. This Grant is made pursuant to the Plan, the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference, and in all respects shall be interpreted in accordance with the Plan. In the event of any contradiction, distinction or difference between this Grant and the terms of the Plan, the terms of the Plan will control. Except as otherwise defined in this Grant, capitalized terms used in this Grant shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan. This Grant is subject to the interpretations, regulations and determinations concerning the Plan established from time to time by the Committee in accordance with the provisions of the Plan, including, but not limited to, provisions pertaining to (a) rights and obligations with respect to withholding taxes, (b) the registration, qualification or listing of the shares of Company Stock, (c) changes in capitalization of the Company, and (d) other requirements of applicable law. The Committee shall have the authority to interpret and construe this Grant pursuant to the terms of the Plan, its decisions shall be conclusive as to any questions arising hereunder. By accepting this Grant, the Participant agrees (i) to be bound by the terms of the Plan and this Grant, (ii) to be bound by the determinations and decisions of the Committee with respect to this Grant, the Plan and the Participant’s rights to benefits under this Grant and the Plan, and (iii) that all such determinations and decisions of the Committee shall be binding on the Participant, his or her beneficiaries and any other person having or claiming an interest under this Grant and the Plan on behalf of the Participant.
12.No Rights as Stockholder. The Participant shall not have any rights as a stockholder of the Company, including the right to any cash dividends (except with respect to the dividend equivalent rights provided in Paragraph 6), or the right to vote, with respect to any Restricted Stock Units.
13.No Rights to Continued Employment or Service. This Grant shall not confer upon the Participant any right to be retained in the employment or service of the Employer and shall not interfere in any way with the right of the Employer to terminate the Participant’s employment or
5

service at any time. The right of the Employer to terminate at will the Participant’s employment or service at any time for any reason is specifically reserved.
14.Assignment and Transfers. No Restricted Stock Units or dividend equivalents awarded to the Participant under this Grant may be transferred, assigned, pledged, or encumbered by the Participant and a Restricted Stock Unit shall be redeemed and a dividend equivalent distributed during the lifetime of the Participant only for the benefit of the Participant. Any attempt to transfer, assign, pledge, or encumber the Restricted Stock Unit or dividend equivalent by the Participant shall be null, void and without effect. The rights and protections of the Company hereunder shall extend to any successors or assigns of the Company. This Grant may be assigned by the Company without the Participant’s consent.
15.Withholding. The Participant shall be required to pay to the Employer, or make other arrangements satisfactory to the Employer to provide for the payment of, any federal, state, local or other taxes that the Employer is required to withhold with respect to the grant, vesting and redemption of the Restricted Stock Units and payment of dividend equivalents. Any tax withholding obligation of the Employer with respect to the redemption of the Restricted Stock Units may, at the Committee’s discretion, be satisfied by having shares of Company Stock withheld, up to an amount that does not exceed the minimum applicable withholding tax rate for federal (including FICA), state, local and other tax liabilities.  
16.Effect on Other Benefits. The value of shares of Company Stock and dividend equivalents distributed with respect to the Restricted Stock Units shall not be considered eligible earnings for purposes of any other plans maintained by the Company or the Employer. Neither shall such value be considered part of the Participant’s compensation for purposes of determining or calculating other benefits that are based on compensation, such as life insurance.
17.Applicable Law. The validity, construction, interpretation and effect of this Grant shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to the conflict of laws provisions thereof.
18.Notice. Any notice to the Company provided for in this instrument shall be addressed to the Company in care of the General Counsel at the Company’s corporate headquarters, and any notice to the Participant shall be addressed to such Participant at the current address shown on the payroll records of the Employer, or to such other address as the Participant may designate to the Employer in writing. Any notice shall be (i) delivered by hand, (ii) delivered by a national overnight courier or delivery service, (iii) enclosed in a properly sealed envelope addressed as stated above, registered and deposited, postage prepaid, in a post office regularly maintained by the United States Postal Service, or (iv) in the case of notices by the Company to the Participant, delivered by e-mail or other electronic means (with confirmation of receipt to be made by any oral, electronic or written means).
19.Taxation; Code Section 409A. As applicable, this Grant is intended to comply with the requirements of section 409A of the Code and shall be interpreted and administered in accordance with Code section 409A. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary herein, if the Restricted Stock Units constitute “deferred compensation” under section 409A of the Code,
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distributions made with respect to this Grant may only be made in a manner and upon an event permitted by Code section 409A. To the extent that any provision of the Grant would cause a conflict with the requirements of Code section 409A, or would cause the administration of the Grant to fail to satisfy the requirements of Code section 409A, such provision shall, to the extent practicable if permitted by applicable law, be deemed null and void. In the event that it is determined not feasible to void a provision of this Grant, such provision shall be construed in a manner as to comply with the Code section 409A requirements. This Grant may be amended without the consent of the Participant in any respect deemed by the Committee or its delegate to be necessary in order to comply with Code section 409A. Unless a valid election is made pursuant to Paragraph 5 above, in no event may the Participant, directly or indirectly, designate the calendar year of distribution. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan or the Grant to the contrary, the Participant shall be solely responsible for the tax consequences of this Grant, and in no event shall the Company have any responsibility or liability if this Grant does not meet any applicable requirements of Code section 409A.
20.Severability. In the event one or more of the provisions of this Grant should, for any reason, be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other provisions of this Grant, and this Grant will be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused its duly authorized officer to execute this Grant, effective as of the Date of Grant.
AMERICAN WATER WORKS COMPANY, INC.
By: Walter Lynch
IMAGE_01A.JPG
Its: President and CEO
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Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
(Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
I, Walter J. Lynch, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of American Water Works Company, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)     Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)     Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)     Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)     Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)     All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)     Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 4, 2020
By: /s/ WALTER J. LYNCH
Walter J. Lynch
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)


Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
(Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
I, M. Susan Hardwick, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of American Water Works Company, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)     Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)     Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)     Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)     All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)     Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 4, 2020
By: /s/ M. SUSAN HARDWICK
M. Susan Hardwick
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)



Exhibit 32.1
AMERICAN WATER WORKS COMPANY, INC.
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the quarterly report of American Water Works Company, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Walter J. Lynch, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
By: /s/ WALTER J. LYNCH
Walter J. Lynch
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
November 4, 2020


Exhibit 32.2
AMERICAN WATER WORKS COMPANY, INC.
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the quarterly report of American Water Works Company, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, M. Susan Hardwick, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
By: /s/ M. SUSAN HARDWICK
M. Susan Hardwick
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
November 4, 2020