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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
  
Form 10-Q  
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                      TO                     
Commission File Number: 001-35107
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) 
Delaware   20-8880053
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9 West 57th Street, 43rd Floor
New York, New York 10019
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(212) 515-3200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes    No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes    No 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐   No ☒
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock   APO New York Stock Exchange
6.375% Series A Preferred Stock APO.PR A New York Stock Exchange
6.375% Series B Preferred Stock APO. PR B New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
As of May 5, 2021 there were 232,319,372 shares of Class A common stock, 1 share of Class B common stock and 1 share of Class C common stock of the Registrant outstanding.
As of May 5, 2021, on a fully exchanged and diluted basis, there were 434,321,384 shares of Class A common stock of the Registrant outstanding, which includes 172,847,493 Apollo Operating Group Units held by AP Professional Holdings, L.P. and 29,154,519 Apollo Operating Group Units held by Athene Holding Ltd.


Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
    Page
PART I
ITEM 1.
9
9
11
12
13
15
18
ITEM 1A.
70
ITEM 2.
72
ITEM 3.
117
ITEM 4.
119
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
121
ITEM 1A.
121
ITEM 2.
123
ITEM 3.
124
ITEM 4.
124
ITEM 5.
124
ITEM 6.
124





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Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report may contain forward-looking statements that are within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements include, but are not limited to, discussions related to Apollo’s expectations regarding the performance of its business, liquidity and capital resources and the other non-historical statements in the discussion and analysis. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used in this quarterly report, the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” or future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “should,” “could,” or “may,” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although management believes that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to be correct. These statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including risks relating to our dependence on certain key personnel, our ability to raise new credit, private equity, or real assets funds, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”), market conditions generally, our ability to manage our growth, fund performance, changes in our regulatory environment and tax status, the variability of our revenues, net income and cash flow, our use of leverage to finance our businesses and investments by our funds, litigation risks and consummation of the merger of Apollo with Athene Holding, potential corporate governance changes and related transactions which are subject to regulatory, corporate and stockholder approvals, among others. We believe these factors include but are not limited to those described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 19, 2021 (the “2020 Annual Report”) and in this report; as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Terms Used in This Report
In this quarterly report, references to “Apollo,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer collectively to AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries, including the Apollo Operating Group and all of its subsidiaries, or as the context may otherwise require; "Class A shares" refers to the Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of AGM Inc.; “Class B share” refers to the Class B common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of AGM Inc.; "Class C share" refers to the Class C common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of AGM Inc.; “Series A Preferred shares” refers to the 6.375% Series A preferred stock of AGM Inc.; “Series B Preferred shares” refers to the 6.375% Series B preferred stock of AGM Inc.; and “Preferred shares” refers to the Series A Preferred shares and the Series B Preferred shares, collectively;
“AMH” refers to Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, that is an indirect subsidiary of AGM Inc.;
“Apollo funds”, “our funds” and references to the “funds” we manage, refer to the funds (including the parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles of such funds), partnerships, accounts, including strategic investment accounts or “SIAs,” alternative asset companies and other entities for which subsidiaries of the Apollo Operating Group provide investment management or advisory services;
“Apollo Group” means (i) the Class C Stockholder and its affiliates, including their respective general partners, members and limited partners, (ii) Holdings and its affiliates, including their respective general partners, members and limited partners, (iii) with respect to each Managing Partner, such Managing Partner and such Managing Partner’s group (as defined in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act), (iv) any former or current investment professional of or other employee of an Apollo employer (as defined below) or the Apollo Operating Group (or such other entity controlled by a member of the Apollo Operating Group) and any member of such person’s group, (v) any former or current executive officer of an Apollo employer or the Apollo Operating Group (or such other entity controlled by a member of the Apollo Operating Group) and any member of such person’s group; and (vi) any former or current director of an Apollo employer or the Apollo Operating Group (or such other entity controlled by a member of the Apollo Operating Group) and any member of such person’s group. With respect to any person, Apollo employer means AGM Inc. or such successor thereto or such other entity controlled by AGM Inc. or its successor as may be such person’s employer at such time, but does not include any portfolio companies;
“Apollo Operating Group” refers to (i) the limited partnerships and limited liability companies through which our Managing Partners currently operate our businesses and (ii) one or more limited partnerships or limited liability companies formed for the purpose of, among other activities, holding certain of our gains or losses on our principal investments in the funds, which we refer to as our “principal investments”;
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“Assets Under Management”, or “AUM”, refers to the assets of the funds, partnerships and accounts to which we provide investment management, advisory, or certain other investment-related services, including, without limitation, capital that such funds, partnerships and accounts have the right to call from investors pursuant to capital commitments. Our AUM equals the sum of:
(i)the net asset value, or “NAV,” plus used or available leverage and/or capital commitments, or gross assets plus capital commitments, of the credit funds, partnerships and accounts for which we provide investment management or advisory services, other than certain collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), and certain permanent capital vehicles, which have a fee-generating basis other than the mark-to-market value of the underlying assets;
(ii)the fair value of the investments of the private equity and real assets funds, partnerships and accounts we manage or advise plus the capital that such funds, partnerships and accounts are entitled to call from investors pursuant to capital commitments, plus portfolio level financings; for certain permanent capital vehicles in real assets, gross asset value plus available financing capacity;
(iii)the gross asset value associated with the reinsurance investments of the portfolio company assets we manage or advise; and
(iv)the fair value of any other assets that we manage or advise for the funds, partnerships and accounts to which we provide investment management, advisory, or certain other investment-related services, plus unused credit facilities, including capital commitments to such funds, partnerships and accounts for investments that may require pre-qualification or other conditions before investment plus any other capital commitments to such funds, partnerships and accounts available for investment that are not otherwise included in the clauses above.
Our AUM measure includes Assets Under Management for which we charge either nominal or zero fees. Our AUM measure also includes assets for which we do not have investment discretion, including certain assets for which we earn only investment-related service fees, rather than management or advisory fees. Our definition of AUM is not based on any definition of Assets Under Management contained in our governing documents or in any of our Apollo fund management agreements. We consider multiple factors for determining what should be included in our definition of AUM. Such factors include but are not limited to (1) our ability to influence the investment decisions for existing and available assets; (2) our ability to generate income from the underlying assets in our funds; and (3) the AUM measures that we use internally or believe are used by other investment managers. Given the differences in the investment strategies and structures among other alternative investment managers, our calculation of AUM may differ from the calculations employed by other investment managers and, as a result, this measure may not be directly comparable to similar measures presented by other investment managers. Our calculation also differs from the manner in which our affiliates registered with the SEC report “Regulatory Assets Under Management” on Form ADV and Form PF in various ways;
“Fee-Generating AUM” consists of assets of the funds, partnerships and accounts to which we provide investment management, advisory, or certain other investment-related services and on which we earn management fees, monitoring fees or other investment-related fees pursuant to management or other fee agreements on a basis that varies among the Apollo funds, partnerships and accounts. Management fees are normally based on “net asset value,” “gross assets,” “adjusted par asset value,” “adjusted cost of all unrealized portfolio investments,” “capital commitments,” “adjusted assets,” “stockholders’ equity,” “invested capital” or “capital contributions,” each as defined in the applicable management agreement. Monitoring fees, also referred to as advisory fees, with respect to the structured portfolio company investments of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage or advise, are generally based on the total value of such structured portfolio company investments, which normally includes leverage, less any portion of such total value that is already considered in Fee-Generating AUM;
“Non-Fee-Generating AUM” refers to AUM that does not produce management fees or monitoring fees. This measure generally includes the following:
(i)fair value above invested capital for those funds that earn management fees based on invested capital;
(ii)net asset values related to general partner and co-investment interests;
(iii)unused credit facilities;
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(iv)available commitments on those funds that generate management fees on invested capital;
(v)structured portfolio company investments that do not generate monitoring fees; and
(vi)the difference between gross asset and net asset value for those funds that earn management fees based on net asset value.
“Performance Fee-Eligible AUM” refers to the AUM that may eventually produce performance fees. All funds for which we are entitled to receive a performance fee allocation or incentive fee are included in Performance Fee-Eligible AUM, which consists of the following:
(i)     “Performance Fee-Generating AUM”, which refers to invested capital of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage, advise, or to which we provide certain other investment-related services, that is currently above its hurdle rate or preferred return, and profit of such funds, partnerships and accounts is being allocated to, or earned by, the general partner in accordance with the applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements;
(ii)     “AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees”, which refers to invested capital of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage, advise, or to which we provide certain other investment-related services, that is currently below its hurdle rate or preferred return; and
(iii)     “Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM”, which refers to capital of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage, advise, or to which we provide certain other investment-related services, that is available for investment or reinvestment subject to the provisions of applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements, which capital is not currently part of the NAV or fair value of investments that may eventually produce performance fees allocable to, or earned by, the general partner.
“AUM with Future Management Fee Potential” refers to the committed uninvested capital portion of total AUM not
currently earning management fees. The amount depends on the specific terms and conditions of each fund;
We use AUM as a performance measure of our funds’ investment activities, as well as to monitor fund size in relation to professional resource and infrastructure needs. Non-Fee-Generating AUM includes assets on which we could earn performance fees;
“Advisory” refers to certain assets advised by Apollo Asset Management Europe PC LLP (“AAME PC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apollo Asset Management Europe LLP (“AAME”). AAME PC and AAME are subsidiaries of Apollo and are collectively referred to herein as “ISGI”;
“Athene Holding” or “AHL” refers to Athene Holding Ltd. (together with its subsidiaries, “Athene”), a leading retirement services company that issues, reinsures and acquires retirement savings products designed for the increasing number of individuals and institutions seeking to fund retirement needs, and to which Apollo, through its consolidated subsidiary Apollo Insurance Solutions Group LP (formerly known as Athene Asset Management LLC) (“ISG”), provides asset management and advisory services;
“Athora Holding” refers to Athora Holding, Ltd. (“Athora Holding” and together with its subsidiaries, “Athora”), a strategic platform that acquires or reinsures blocks of insurance business in the German and broader European life insurance market (collectively, the “Athora Accounts”). The Company, through ISGI, provides investment advisory services to Athora. Athora Non-Sub-Advised Assets includes the Athora assets which are managed by Apollo but not sub-advised by Apollo nor invested in Apollo funds or investment vehicles. Athora Sub-Advised includes assets which the Company explicitly sub-advises as well as those assets in the Athora Accounts which are invested directly in funds and investment vehicles Apollo manages;
“capital deployed” or “deployment” represents (i) the aggregate amount of capital that has been invested during a given period (including leverage) by our commitment based funds and SIAs that have a defined maturity date, (ii) purchases of investments (net of sales) by our subscription and contribution based funds and mandates (including leverage), (iii) investments originated by certain of our platform companies, net of syndications to our other funds and accounts, but including syndications to third parties, and (iv) third-party investment activity in opportunities sourced by our teams for which we earn a fee and in which we participate. Deployment excludes offsetting short positions, certain credit derivatives, certain short-dated government securities, and involuntary repayment of loans and bonds;
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“Contributing Partners” refer to those of our partners and their related parties (other than our Managing Partners) who indirectly beneficially own (through Holdings) Apollo Operating Group units;
“drawdown capital deployed” or “drawdown deployment” is the aggregate amount of capital that has been invested during a given period (which may, in certain cases, include leverage) by (i) our commitment-based funds, excluding certain funds in which permanent capital vehicles are the primary investor and (ii) SIAs that have a defined maturity date;
“Equity Plan” refers to the Company’s 2007 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, which effective as of July 22, 2019, was amended, restated and renamed the 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan;
“gross IRR” of a credit fund and the principal finance funds within the real assets segment represents the annualized return of a fund based on the actual timing of all cumulative fund cash flows before management fees, performance fees allocated to the general partner and certain other expenses. Calculations may include certain investors that do not pay fees. The terminal value is the net asset value as of the reporting date. Non-U.S. dollar denominated (“USD”) fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, gross IRRs at the fund level will differ from those at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Gross IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“gross IRR” of a private equity fund represents the cumulative investment-related cash flows (i) for a given investment for the fund or funds which made such investment, and (ii) for a given fund, in the relevant fund itself (and not any one investor in the fund), in each case, on the basis of the actual timing of investment inflows and outflows (for unrealized investments assuming disposition on March 31, 2021 or other date specified) aggregated on a gross basis quarterly, and the return is annualized and compounded before management fees, performance fees and certain other expenses (including interest incurred by the fund itself) and measures the returns on the fund’s investments as a whole without regard to whether all of the returns would, if distributed, be payable to the fund’s investors. In addition, gross IRRs at the fund level will differ from those at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Gross IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“gross IRR” of a real assets fund excluding the principal finance funds represents the cumulative investment-related cash flows in the fund itself (and not any one investor in the fund), on the basis of the actual timing of cash inflows and outflows (for unrealized investments assuming disposition on March 31, 2021 or other date specified) starting on the date that each investment closes, and the return is annualized and compounded before management fees, performance fees, and certain other expenses (including interest incurred by the fund itself) and measures the returns on the fund’s investments as a whole without regard to whether all of the returns would, if distributed, be payable to the fund’s investors. Non-USD fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, gross IRRs at the fund level will differ from those at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Gross IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“gross return” of a credit or real assets fund is the monthly or quarterly time-weighted return that is equal to the percentage change in the value of a fund’s portfolio, adjusted for all contributions and withdrawals (cash flows) before the effects of management fees, incentive fees allocated to the general partner, or other fees and expenses. Returns for credit funds are calculated for all funds and accounts in the respective strategies excluding assets for Athene, Athora and certain other entities where we manage or may manage a significant portion of the total company assets. Returns of CLOs represent the gross returns on assets. Returns over multiple periods are calculated by geometrically linking each period’s return over time;
“Holdings” means AP Professional Holdings, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership through which our Managing Partners and Contributing Partners indirectly beneficially own their interests in the Apollo Operating Group units;
“inflows” represents (i) at the individual segment level, subscriptions, commitments, and other increases in available capital, such as acquisitions or leverage, net of inter-segment transfers, and (ii) on an aggregate basis, the sum of inflows across the credit, private equity and real assets segments;
“Managing Partners” refer to Messrs. Leon Black, Joshua Harris and Marc Rowan collectively and, when used in reference to holdings of interests in Apollo or Holdings, includes certain related parties of such individuals;
“net IRR” of a credit fund and the principal finance funds within the real assets segment represents the annualized return of a fund after management fees, performance fees allocated to the general partner and certain other expenses, calculated on investors that pay such fees. The terminal value is the net asset value as of the reporting date. Non-USD fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, net IRR at the fund level will differ from that at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Net IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
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“net IRR” of a private equity fund means the gross IRR applicable to a fund, including returns for related parties which may not pay fees or performance fees, net of management fees, certain expenses (including interest incurred or earned by the fund itself) and realized performance fees all offset to the extent of interest income, and measures returns at the fund level on amounts that, if distributed, would be paid to investors of the fund. The timing of cash flows applicable to investments, management fees and certain expenses, may be adjusted for the usage of a fund’s subscription facility. To the extent that a fund exceeds all requirements detailed within the applicable fund agreement, the estimated unrealized value is adjusted such that a percentage of up to 20.0% of the unrealized gain is allocated to the general partner of such fund, thereby reducing the balance attributable to fund investors. In addition, net IRR at the fund level will differ from that at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Net IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“net IRR” of a real assets fund excluding the principal finance funds represents the cumulative cash flows in the fund (and not any one investor in the fund), on the basis of the actual timing of cash inflows received from and outflows paid to investors of the fund (assuming the ending net asset value as of March 31, 2021 or other date specified is paid to investors), excluding certain non-fee and non-performance fee bearing parties, and the return is annualized and compounded after management fees, performance fees, and certain other expenses (including interest incurred by the fund itself) and measures the returns to investors of the fund as a whole.  Non-USD fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, net IRR at the fund level will differ from that at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Net IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“net return” of a credit or real assets fund represents the gross return after management fees, performance fees allocated to the general partner, or other fees and expenses. Returns over multiple periods are calculated by geometrically linking each period’s return over time;
“performance allocations”, “performance fees”, “performance revenues”, “incentive fees” and “incentive income” refer to interests granted to Apollo by an Apollo fund that entitle Apollo to receive allocations, distributions or fees which are based on the performance of such fund or its underlying investments;
“permanent capital vehicles” refers to (a) assets that are owned by or related to Athene or Athora, (b) assets that are owned by or related to MidCap FinCo Designated Activity Company (“MidCap”) and managed by Apollo, (c) assets of publicly traded vehicles managed by Apollo such as Apollo Investment Corporation (“AINV”), Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. (“ARI”), Apollo Tactical Income Fund Inc. (“AIF”), and Apollo Senior Floating Rate Fund Inc. (“AFT”), in each case that do not have redemption provisions or a requirement to return capital to investors upon exiting the investments made with such capital, except as required by applicable law and (d) a non-traded business development company from which Apollo earns certain investment-related service fees. The investment management agreements of AINV, AIF and AFT have one year terms, are reviewed annually and remain in effect only if approved by the boards of directors of such companies or by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of such companies, including in either case, approval by a majority of the directors who are not “interested persons” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). In addition, the investment management agreements of AINV, AIF and AFT may be terminated in certain circumstances upon 60 days’ written notice. The investment management agreement of ARI has a one year term and is reviewed annually by ARI’s board of directors and may be terminated under certain circumstances by an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of ARI’s independent directors. The investment management or advisory arrangements between each of MidCap and Apollo, Athene and Apollo, and Athora and Apollo, may also be terminated under certain circumstances. The agreement pursuant to which Apollo earns certain investment-related service fees from a non-traded business development company may be terminated under certain limited circumstances;
“private equity fund appreciation (depreciation)” refers to gain (loss) and income for the traditional private equity funds (as defined below), Apollo Natural Resources Partners, L.P. (together with its alternative investment vehicles, “ANRP I”), Apollo Natural Resources Partners II, L.P. (together with its alternative investment vehicles, “ANRP II”), Apollo Natural Resources Partners III, L.P. (together with its parallel vehicles and alternative investment vehicles, “ANRP III”), Apollo Special Situations Fund, L.P., AION Capital Partners Limited (“AION”) and Apollo Hybrid Value Fund, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “HVF I”) for the periods presented on a total return basis before giving effect to fees and expenses. The performance percentage is determined by dividing (a) the change in the fair value of investments over the period presented, minus the change in invested capital over the period presented, plus the realized value for the period presented, by (b) the beginning unrealized value for the period presented plus the change in invested capital for the period presented. Returns over multiple periods are calculated by geometrically linking each period’s return over time;
“private equity investments” refer to (i) direct or indirect investments in existing and future private equity funds managed or sponsored by Apollo, (ii) direct or indirect co-investments with existing and future private equity funds managed or sponsored by Apollo, (iii) direct or indirect investments in securities which are not immediately capable of resale in a public market that
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Apollo identifies but does not pursue through its private equity funds, and (iv) investments of the type described in (i) through (iii) above made by Apollo funds;
“Realized Value” refers to all cash investment proceeds received by the relevant Apollo fund, including interest and dividends, but does not give effect to management fees, expenses, incentive compensation or performance fees to be paid by such Apollo fund;
“Redding Ridge” refers to Redding Ridge Asset Management, LLC and its subsidiaries, which is a standalone, self-managed asset management business established in connection with risk retention rules that manages CLOs and retains the required risk retention interests;
“Remaining Cost” represents the initial investment of the fund in a portfolio investment, reduced for any return of capital distributed to date on such portfolio investment;
“Total Invested Capital” refers to the aggregate cash invested by the relevant Apollo fund and includes capitalized costs relating to investment activities, if any, but does not give effect to cash pending investment or available for reserves and excludes amounts, if any, invested on a financed basis with leverage facilities;
“Total Value” represents the sum of the total Realized Value and Unrealized Value of investments;
“traditional private equity funds” refers to Apollo Investment Fund I, L.P. (“Fund I”), AIF II, L.P. (“Fund II”), a mirrored investment account established to mirror Fund I and Fund II for investments in debt securities (“MIA”), Apollo Investment Fund III, L.P. (together with its parallel funds, “Fund III”), Apollo Investment Fund IV, L.P. (together with its parallel fund, “Fund IV”), Apollo Investment Fund V, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund V”), Apollo Investment Fund VI, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund VI”), Apollo Investment Fund VII, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund VII”), Apollo Investment Fund VIII, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund VIII”) and Apollo Investment Fund IX, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund IX”);
“Unrealized Value” refers to the fair value consistent with valuations determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), for investments not yet realized and may include payments in kind, accrued interest and dividends receivable, if any, and before the effect of certain taxes.  In addition, amounts include committed and funded amounts for certain investments; and
“Vintage Year” refers to the year in which a fund’s final capital raise occurred, or, for certain funds, the year of a fund’s effective date or the year in which a fund’s investment period commences pursuant to its governing agreements.
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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (UNAUDITED)
AS OF MARCH 31, 2021 AND DECEMBER 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
As of
March 31, 2021
As of
December 31, 2020
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,717,996  $ 1,555,517 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents 707,714  17,708 
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value 817,128  816,985 
Investments (includes performance allocations of $2,656,056 and $1,624,156 as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) 6,700,817  4,995,411 
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities:
Cash and cash equivalents 1,007,886  893,306 
Investments, at fair value 14,586,306  13,316,016 
Other assets 182,840  290,264 
Incentive fees receivable 3,854  5,231 
Due from related parties 434,709  462,383 
Deferred tax assets, net 380,992  539,244 
Other assets 460,011  364,963 
Lease assets 292,927  295,098 
Goodwill 116,958  116,958 
Total Assets $ 27,410,138  $ 23,669,084 
Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 130,691  $ 119,982 
Accrued compensation and benefits 96,251  82,343 
Deferred revenue 126,032  30,369 
Due to related parties 519,957  608,469 
Profit sharing payable 1,338,651  842,677 
Debt 3,152,750  3,155,221 
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:
Debt, at fair value 8,845,407  8,660,515 
Notes payable 2,431,521  2,471,971 
Other liabilities 1,075,336  773,045 
Other liabilities 461,001  295,612 
Lease liabilities 333,670  332,915 
Total Liabilities 18,511,267  17,373,119 
Commitments and Contingencies (see note 15)
Redeemable non-controlling interests:
Redeemable non-controlling interests 1,400,730  782,702 
Stockholders’ Equity:
Apollo Global Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
Series A Preferred Stock, 11,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 264,398  264,398 
Series B Preferred Stock, 12,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 289,815  289,815 
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Class A Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, 90,000,000,000 shares authorized, 232,222,572 and 228,873,449 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively —  — 
Class B Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, 999,999,999 shares authorized, 1 share issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 —  — 
Class C Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, 1 share authorized, 1 share issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 —  — 
Additional paid in capital 908,195  877,173 
Retained earnings 477,343  — 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (2,586) (2,071)
Total Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders’ equity 1,937,165  1,429,315 
Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities 3,114,805  2,275,728 
Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group 2,446,171  1,808,220 
Total Stockholders’ Equity 7,498,141  5,513,263 
Total Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders’ Equity $ 27,410,138  $ 23,669,084 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020
(dollars in thousands, except share data)

For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
  2021 2020
Revenues:
Management fees $ 457,185  $ 396,604 
Advisory and transaction fees, net 56,348  36,963 
Investment income (loss):
Performance allocations 1,395,347  (1,734,323)
Principal investment income (loss) 381,966  (187,849)
Total investment income (loss) 1,777,313  (1,922,172)
Incentive fees 3,854  19,519 
Total Revenues 2,294,700  (1,469,086)
Expenses:
Compensation and benefits:
Salary, bonus and benefits 174,630  139,269 
Equity-based compensation 56,448  52,122 
Profit sharing expense 655,480  (635,998)
Total compensation and benefits 886,558  (444,607)
Interest expense 34,799  31,242 
General, administrative and other 99,850  84,522 
Placement fees 537  409 
Total Expenses 1,021,744  (328,434)
Other Income (Loss):
Net gains (losses) from investment activities 353,151  (1,264,551)
Net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities 112,594  (165,920)
Interest income 798  7,934 
Other income (loss), net (17,750) (16,507)
Total Other Income (Loss) 448,793  (1,439,044)
Income (loss) before income tax (provision) benefit 1,721,749  (2,579,696)
Income tax (provision) benefit (203,246) 295,853 
Net Income (Loss) 1,518,503  (2,283,843)
Net (income) loss attributable to Non-Controlling Interests (839,613) 1,287,625 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. 678,890  (996,218)
Series A Preferred Stock Dividends (4,383) (4,383)
Series B Preferred Stock Dividends (4,781) (4,781)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. Class A Common Stockholders $ 669,726  $ (1,005,382)
Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Class A Common Stock:
Net Income (Loss) Available to Class A Common Stock – Basic $ 2.81  $ (4.47)
Net Income (Loss) Available to Class A Common Stock – Diluted $ 2.81  $ (4.47)
Weighted Average Number of Shares of Class A Common Stock Outstanding – Basic 230,003,502  226,757,519 
Weighted Average Number of Shares of Class A Common Stock Outstanding – Diluted 230,003,502  226,757,519 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
2021 2020
Net Income (Loss) $ 1,518,503  $ (2,283,843)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax:
Currency translation adjustments, net of tax (15,147) (5,815)
Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments 50  51 
Net gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities 818  (4,900)
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax (14,279) (10,664)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) 1,504,224  (2,294,507)
Comprehensive (Income) Loss attributable to Non-Controlling Interests (825,849) 1,294,666 
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. $ 678,375  $ (999,841)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES
IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020
(dollars in thousands, except share data)

  Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders        
  Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Class C Common Stock Series A Preferred Stock Series B Preferred Stock Additional
Paid in
Capital
Accumulated Deficit Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
Total Apollo
Global
Management,
Inc.
Shareholders’
Equity
Non-
Controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Entities
Non-
Controlling
Interests in
Apollo
Operating
Group
Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at January 1, 2020 222,994,407  1  1  $ 264,398  $ 289,815  $ 1,302,587  $   $ (4,578) $ 1,852,222  $ 281,904  $ 904,001  $ 3,038,127 
Equity transaction with Athene Holding —  —  —  —  —  (54,868) —  —  (54,868) —  1,214,577  1,159,709 
Consolidation of VIEs —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  1,895,095  —  1,895,095 
Dilution impact of issuance of Class A Common Stock —  —  —  —  —  8,203  —  —  8,203  —  —  8,203 
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation —  —  —  —  —  45,691  —  —  45,691  —  —  45,691 
Capital contributions —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  143,027  —  143,027 
Dividends/ Distributions —  —  —  (4,383) (4,781) (212,849) —  —  (222,013) (28,937) (155,638) (406,588)
Payments related to issuances of Class A Common Stock for equity-based awards 2,796,287  —  —  —  —  30,374  (69,941) —  (39,567) —  —  (39,567)
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock (2,194,095) —  —  —  —  (64,205) —  —  (64,205) —  —  (64,205)
Exchange of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock 5,237,500  —  —  —  —  31,016  —  —  31,016  —  (16,967) 14,049 
Net income (loss) —  —  —  4,383  4,781  —  (1,005,382) —  (996,218) (164,409) (1,123,216) (2,283,843)
Currency translation adjustments, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (797) (797) (4,399) (619) (5,815)
Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments —  —  —  —  —  —  —  28  28  —  23  51 
Net loss on available-for-sale securities —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (2,854) (2,854) —  (2,046) (4,900)
Balance at March 31, 2020 228,834,099  1  1  $ 264,398  $ 289,815  $ 1,085,949  $ (1,075,323) $ (8,201) $ 556,638  $ 2,122,281  $ 820,115  $ 3,499,034 










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  Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders        
  Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Class C Common Stock Series A Preferred Stock Series B Preferred Stock Additional
Paid in
Capital
Retained Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
Total Apollo
Global
Management,
Inc.
Stockholders’
Equity
Non-
Controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Entities
Non-
Controlling
Interests in
Apollo
Operating
Group
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Balance at January 1, 2021 228,873,449  1  1  264,398  289,815  877,173    (2,071) 1,429,315  2,275,728  1,808,220  5,513,263 
Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests —  —  —  —  —  (26,662) —  —  (26,662) —  —  (26,662)
Dilution impact of issuance of Class A Common Stock —  —  —  —  —  (1,257) —  —  (1,257) —  —  (1,257)
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation —  —  —  —  —  45,283  —  —  45,283  —  —  45,283 
Capital contributions —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  820,983  —  820,983 
Dividends/ Distributions —  —  —  (4,383) (4,781) —  (144,282) —  (153,446) (39,483) (121,400) (314,329)
Payments related to issuances of Class A Common Stock for equity-based awards 1,419,608  —  —  —  —  —  (48,101) —  (48,101) —  —  (48,101)
Exchange of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock 1,929,515  —  —  —  —  13,658  —  —  13,658  —  (8,921) 4,737 
Net income —  —  —  4,383  4,781  —  669,726  —  678,890  70,578  769,035  1,518,503 
Currency translation adjustments, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (1,033) (1,033) (13,001) (1,113) (15,147)
Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments —  —  —  —  —  —  —  27  27  —  23  50 
Net income on available-for-sale securities —  —  —  —  —  —  —  491  491  —  327  818 
Balance at March 31, 2021 232,222,572  1  1  $ 264,398  $ 289,815  $ 908,195  $ 477,343  $ (2,586) $ 1,937,165  $ 3,114,805  $ 2,446,171  $ 7,498,141 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
2021 2020
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss) $ 1,518,503  $ (2,283,843)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Equity-based compensation 56,448  52,122 
Depreciation and amortization 6,052  4,478 
Unrealized (gains) losses from investment activities (342,379) 1,267,569 
Principal investment (income) loss (381,966) 187,849 
Performance allocations (1,395,347) 1,734,323 
Change in fair value of contingent obligations 5,756  (23,163)
(Gain) loss from change in tax receivable agreement liability (1,941) — 
Deferred taxes, net 187,293  (311,173)
Non-cash lease expense 8,122  14,136 
Other non-cash amounts included in net income (loss), net (7,191) 9,440 
Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Incentive fees receivable 1,376  1,550 
Due from related parties 29,092  (231,184)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 10,709  5,865 
Accrued compensation and benefits 13,908  2,420 
Deferred revenue 95,663  44,290 
Due to related parties (888) (642)
Profit sharing payable 502,539  (381,825)
Lease liability (5,194) (12,423)
Other assets and other liabilities, net (3,518) (29,929)
Cash distributions of earnings from principal investments 25,959  6,459 
Cash distributions of earnings from performance allocations 247,554  174,471 
Satisfaction of contingent obligations (12,322) (12,651)
Apollo Funds and VIE related:
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses from investing activities and debt (292,917) 445,326 
Cash transferred from consolidated VIEs —  502,153 
Purchases of investments (1,617,959) (590,234)
Proceeds from sale of investments 620,345  523,770 
Changes in other assets and other liabilities, net 503,552  (231,540)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities $ (228,751) $ 867,614 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of fixed assets $ (5,504) $ (18,168)
Proceeds from sale of investments —  8,412 
Purchase of investments —  (381,404)
Purchase of U.S. Treasury securities —  (1,056,827)
Proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury securities —  740,043 
Cash contributions to equity method investments (30,646) (82,499)
Cash distributions from equity method investments 56,006  31,323 
Issuance of related party loans —  (150)
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Other investing activities (725) (118)
Apollo Funds and VIE related:
Purchase of U.S. Treasury securities (817,077) — 
Proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury Securities 816,809  — 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities $ 18,863  $ (759,388)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Principal repayments of debt $ —  $ (16,990)
Dividends to Preferred Stockholders (9,164) (9,164)
Issuance of debt —  18,756 
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock —  (64,205)
Payments related to deliveries of Class A Common Stock for RSUs (48,101) (69,941)
Dividends paid (144,282) (212,849)
Distributions paid to Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group (121,400) (155,638)
Other financing activities, net (1,186) (1,871)
Apollo Funds and VIE related:
Issuance of debt 256,586  504,420 
Principal repayment of debt (200,456) (621,273)
Issuances of debt within other liabilities of consolidated VIEs —  80,474 
Distributions paid to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities (38,716) (27,651)
Contributions from Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities 821,402  143,041 
Proceeds from issuance of Class A Units of SPAC 690,000  — 
Payment of underwriting discounts (27,730) — 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities $ 1,176,953  $ (432,891)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities 967,065  (324,665)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities, Beginning of Period 2,466,531  1,621,310 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities, End of Period $ 3,433,596  $ 1,296,645 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Interest paid $ 28,209  $ 28,243 
Interest paid by consolidated variable interest entities 66,551  92,731 
Income taxes paid 7,125  10,559 
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing Activities:
Non-cash distributions from principal investments $ (2,229) $ (586)
Non-cash purchases of other investments, at fair value —  1,153,316 
Non-cash loss on Athene equity swap —  (61,261)
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Capital increases related to equity-based compensation $ 45,283  $ 45,691 
Issuance of restricted shares —  30,374 
Non-cash issuance of AOG units to Athene —  1,214,577 
Other non-cash financing activities (1,257) 8,203 
Net Assets Transferred from Consolidated Variable Interest Entity:
Investments, at fair value $ —  $ 9,061,907 
Other assets —  130,907 
Debt, at fair value —  (6,829,326)
Other liabilities —  (967,575)
Non-Controlling interest in consolidated entities related to acquisition —  (1,898,067)
Adjustments related to exchange of Apollo Operating Group units:
Deferred tax assets $ 30,295  $ 76,580 
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Due to related parties (25,558) (62,531)
Additional paid in capital (4,737) (14,049)
Non-Controlling Interest in Apollo Operating Group 8,921  16,967 
Reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,717,996  $ 647,784 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents 707,714  19,764 
Cash and cash equivalents held at consolidated variable interest entities 1,007,886  629,097 
Total Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities $ 3,433,596  $ 1,296,645 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

1. ORGANIZATION
Apollo Global Management, Inc. (“AGM Inc.”, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Apollo”) is a global alternative investment manager whose predecessor was founded in 1990. Its primary business is to raise, invest and manage credit, private equity and real assets funds as well as strategic investment accounts, on behalf of pension, endowment and sovereign wealth funds, as well as other institutional and individual investors. For these investment management services, Apollo receives management fees generally related to the amount of assets managed, transaction and advisory fees, incentive fees and performance allocations related to the performance of the respective funds that it manages. Apollo has three primary business segments:
Credit—primarily invests in non-control corporate and structured debt instruments including performing, stressed and distressed investments across the capital structure;
Private equity—primarily invests in control equity and related debt instruments, convertible securities and distressed debt investments; and
Real assets—primarily invests in (i) real estate equity and infrastructure equity for the acquisition and recapitalization of real estate and infrastructure assets, portfolios, platforms and operating companies, (ii) real estate and infrastructure debt including first mortgage and mezzanine loans, preferred equity and commercial mortgage backed securities and (iii) European performing and non-performing loans, and unsecured consumer loans.
Organization of the Company
As of March 31, 2021, the Company owned, through six intermediate holding companies that include APO Corp., a Delaware corporation that is a domestic corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, APO Asset Co., LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, APO (FC), LLC, an Anguilla limited liability company that is disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, APO (FC II), LLC, an Anguilla limited liability company that is disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, APO UK (FC), Limited, an England and Wales incorporated company that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and APO (FC III), LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company that is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes (collectively, the “Intermediate Holding Companies”), 53.5% of the economic interests of, and operated and controlled all of the businesses and affairs of, the Apollo Operating Group.
AP Professional Holdings, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership (“Holdings”), is an entity through which the Managing Partners and certain of the Company’s other partners (the “Contributing Partners”) indirectly beneficially own interests in each of the entities that comprise the Apollo Operating Group. As of March 31, 2021, Holdings owned 39.8% of the economic interests in the Apollo Operating Group. The Company consolidates the financial results of the Apollo Operating Group and its consolidated subsidiaries. Holdings’ ownership interest in the Apollo Operating Group is reflected as a Non-Controlling Interest in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Athene and Apollo Strategic Transaction
On February 28, 2020, pursuant to a transaction agreement (the “Transaction Agreement”) between Athene Holding, AGM Inc. and the entities that form the Apollo Operating Group, the Apollo Operating Group issued 29,154,519 non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group to Athene Holding. As a result, as of March 31, 2021, Athene Holding owned 6.7% of the economic interests in the Apollo Operating Group. See note 14 for further disclosure regarding the Transaction Agreement.
As noted further in note 14, Apollo purchased a 17% incremental equity ownership stake in Athene, bringing Apollo’s beneficial ownership in Athene to 28%, at the close of the transaction. This has resulted in Apollo’s indirect ownership in certain VIEs, through Athene, being considered significant such that the Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs.
Apollo and Athene Merger and Corporate Conversion
On March 8, 2021, AGM Inc. entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with AHL, Tango Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of AGM Inc. (“HoldCo”), Blue Merger
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Sub, Ltd., a Bermuda exempted company and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo (“AHL Merger Sub”), and Green Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo (“AGM Merger Sub” and together with AHL Merger Sub, the “Merger Subs”).
At the closing of the transaction (the “Closing”), AHL Merger Sub will merge with and into AHL (the “AHL Merger”), with AHL as the surviving entity in the AHL Merger and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo (the “AHL Surviving Entity”), and AGM Merger Sub will merge with and into Apollo (the “AGM Merger” and, together with the AHL Merger, the “Mergers”) with AGM as the surviving entity in the AGM Merger and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo (the “AGM Surviving Entity”). Upon consummation of the Mergers, AGM and AHL will be direct wholly owned subsidiaries of HoldCo, which will be renamed “Apollo Global Management, Inc.” The transaction is expected to close in January of 2022. The transaction requires the approval of stockholders of both Apollo and AHL, and is subject to, among other things, antitrust and regulatory approvals, and other customary closing conditions. See note 14 for further disclosure regarding the Merger Agreement.
In addition, on March 9, 2021, AGM Inc. entered into a binding governance term sheet with the Managing Partners pursuant to which it was agreed, among other things, that the Company will convert its corporate structure to a single class of common stock with one vote per share. The change will take effect at closing of the Mergers, subject to regulatory and stockholder approvals, and will result in the exchange of Apollo’s Apollo Operating Group units for a combination of Class A shares and cash, and the reorganization of Apollo Global Management Inc. from an umbrella partnership C corporation (“Up-C”) structure to a C-corporation with a single class of common stock.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and instructions to Form 10-Q. The condensed consolidated financial statements and these notes are unaudited and exclude some of the disclosures required in annual financial statements. Management believes it has made all necessary adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring items) so that the condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and that estimates made in preparing its condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements included in the 2020 Annual Report.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, the consolidated entities which are considered to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and for which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary, and certain entities which are not considered VIEs but which the Company controls through a majority voting interest. Intercompany accounts and transactions, if any, have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Certain reclassifications, when applicable, have been made to the prior periods’ condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to conform to the current period’s presentation and are disclosed accordingly.
Consolidation
The types of entities with which Apollo is involved generally include subsidiaries (e.g., general partners and management companies related to the funds the Company manages), entities that have all the attributes of an investment company (e.g., funds), special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) and securitization vehicles (e.g., CLOs). Each of these entities is assessed for consolidation on a case by case basis depending on the specific facts and circumstances surrounding that entity.
Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity. Fees that are customary and commensurate with the level of services provided, and where the Company does not hold other economic interests in the entity that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the expected losses or returns of the entity, would not be considered a variable interest. Apollo factors in all economic interests, including proportionate interests through related parties, to determine if such interests are considered a variable interest. As Apollo’s interests in many of these entities are solely through market rate fees and/or insignificant indirect interests through related parties, Apollo is not
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
considered to have a variable interest in many of these entities and no further consolidation analysis is performed. For entities where the Company has determined that it does hold a variable interest, the Company performs an assessment to determine whether each of those entities qualify as a VIE.
The determination as to whether an entity qualifies as a VIE depends on the facts and circumstances surrounding each entity and therefore certain of Apollo’s funds may qualify as VIEs under the variable interest model whereas others may qualify as voting interest entities (“VOEs”) under the voting interest model. The granting of substantive kick-out rights is a key consideration in determining whether a limited partnership or similar entity is a VIE and whether or not that entity should be consolidated.
Under the variable interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities where it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity. The Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary when it has a controlling financial interest in the VIE, which is defined as possessing both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant. When Apollo alone is not considered to have a controlling financial interest in the VIE but Apollo and its related parties under common control in the aggregate have a controlling financial interest in the VIE, Apollo will be deemed the primary beneficiary if it is the party that is most closely associated with the VIE. When Apollo and its related parties not under common control in the aggregate have a controlling financial interest in the VIE, Apollo would be deemed to be the primary beneficiary if substantially all the activities of the entity are performed on behalf of Apollo.
Apollo determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes initially involved with the VIE and reconsiders that conclusion continuously. Investments and redemptions (either by Apollo, related parties of Apollo or third parties) or amendments to the governing documents of the respective entity may affect an entity’s status as a VIE or the determination of the primary beneficiary.
Assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIEs are primarily shown in separate sections within the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Changes in the fair value of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities and related interest, dividend and other income and expenses are presented within net gains from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The portion attributable to Non-Controlling Interests is reported within net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For additional disclosures regarding VIEs, see note 5.
Under the voting interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest. Apollo does not consolidate those VOEs in which substantive kick-out rights have been granted to the unrelated investors to either dissolve the fund or remove the general partner.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Apollo considers all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Interest income from cash and cash equivalents is recorded in interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The carrying values of the money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities were $1.9 billion and $1.2 billion as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which represent their fair values due to their short-term nature and are categorized as Level I within the fair value hierarchy. Substantially all of the Company’s cash on deposit is in interest bearing accounts with major financial institutions and exceed insured limits.
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Restricted cash and cash equivalents includes cash held in reserve accounts used to make required payments in respect of the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes. Restricted cash and cash equivalents also includes cash deposited at a bank, which is pledged as collateral in connection with leased premises.
U.S. Treasury securities of Apollo Strategic Growth Capital II (“APGB”), a consolidated SPAC, are held in a trust account and consist of U.S Treasury bills that were purchased with funds raised through the initial public offering of the consolidated entity. The $0.7 billion in funds are restricted for use and may only be used for purposes of completing an initial business combination or redemption of public shares as set forth in the trust agreement.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value includes U.S. Treasury bills with original maturities greater than three months when purchased. These securities are recorded at fair value. Interest income on such securities is separately presented from the overall change in fair value and is recognized in interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Any remaining change in fair value of such securities, that is not recognized as interest income, is recognized in net gains (losses) from investment activities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. U.S Treasury securities of Apollo Strategic Growth Capital (“APSG”), a consolidated SPAC, are held in a trust account and consist of U.S Treasury bills that were purchased with funds raised through the initial public offering of the consolidated entity. The $0.8 billion in funds are restricted for use and may only be used for purposes of completing an initial business combination or redemption of public shares as set forth in the trust agreement.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Apollo has elected the fair value option for the Company’s investment in Athene Holding, the assets and liabilities of certain of its consolidated VIEs (including CLOs), the Company’s U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities greater than three months when purchased, and certain of the Company’s other investments. Such election is irrevocable and is applied to financial instruments on an individual basis at initial recognition.
The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions.
Except for the Company’s debt obligations, financial instruments are generally recorded at fair value or at amounts whose carrying values approximate fair value. The actual realized gains or losses will depend on, among other factors, future operating results, the value of the assets and market conditions at the time of disposition, any related transaction costs and the timing and manner of sale, all of which may ultimately differ significantly from the assumptions on which the valuations were based.
Fair Value Hierarchy
U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices in active markets generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.
Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed based on the observability of inputs used in the determination of fair values, as follows:
Level I - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical financial instruments as of the reporting date. The types of financial instruments included in Level I include listed equities and debt. The Company does not adjust the quoted price for these financial instruments, even in situations where the Company holds a large position and the sale of such position would likely deviate from the quoted price.
Level II - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies. Financial instruments that are generally included in this category include corporate bonds and loans, less liquid and restricted equity securities and certain over-the-counter derivatives where the fair value is based on observable inputs. These financial instruments exhibit higher levels of liquid market observability as compared to Level III financial instruments.
Level III - Pricing inputs are unobservable for the financial instrument and includes situations where there is little observable market activity for the financial instrument. The inputs into the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation. Financial instruments that are included in this category generally include general and limited partner interests in corporate private equity and real assets funds, opportunistic credit funds, distressed debt and non-investment grade residual interests in securitizations and CDOs and CLOs where the fair value is based on observable inputs as well as unobservable inputs.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
When a security is valued based on broker quotes, the Company subjects those quotes to various criteria in making the determination as to whether a particular financial instrument would qualify for classification as Level II or Level III. These criteria include, but are not limited to, the number and quality of the broker quotes, the standard deviations of the observed broker quotes, and the percentage deviation from external pricing services.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, a financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument when the fair value is based on unobservable inputs.
Equity Method Investments
For investments in entities over which the Company exercises significant influence but which do not meet the requirements for consolidation and for which the Company has not elected the fair value option, the Company uses the equity method of accounting, whereby the Company records its share of the underlying income or loss of such entities. The Company’s share of the underlying net income or loss of such entities is recorded in principal investment income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The carrying amounts of equity method investments are recorded in investments in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. As the underlying entities that the Company manages and invests in are, for U.S. GAAP purposes, primarily investment companies which reflect their investments at estimated fair value, the carrying value of the Company’s equity method investments in such entities approximates fair value.
Financial Instruments held by Consolidated VIEs
The Company measures both the financial assets and financial liabilities of the consolidated CLOs in its condensed consolidated financial statements using the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities of the consolidated CLOs, whichever are more observable.
Where financial assets are more observable, the financial assets of the consolidated CLOs are measured at fair value and the financial liabilities are measured in consolidation as: (i) the sum of the fair value of the financial assets and the carrying value of any nonfinancial assets that are incidental to the operations of the CLOs less (ii) the sum of the fair value of any beneficial interests retained by the Company (other than those that represent compensation for services) and the Company’s carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services. The resulting amount is allocated to the individual financial liabilities (other than the beneficial interest retained by the Company) using a reasonable and consistent methodology.
Where financial liabilities are more observable, the financial liabilities of the consolidated CLOs are measured at fair value and the financial assets are measured in consolidation as: (i) the sum of the fair value of the financial liabilities, and the carrying value of any nonfinancial liabilities that are incidental to the operations of the CLOs less (ii) the carrying value of any nonfinancial assets that are incidental to the operations of the CLOs. The resulting amount is allocated to the individual financial assets using a reasonable and consistent methodology.
Under the measurement alternative, net income attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. reflects the Company’s own economic interests in the consolidated CLOs including (i) changes in the fair value of the beneficial interests retained by the Company and (ii) beneficial interests that represent compensation for collateral management services.
The consolidated VIEs hold investments that could be traded over-the-counter. Investments in securities that are traded on a securities exchange or comparable over-the-counter quotation systems are valued based on the last reported sale price at that date. If no sales of such investments are reported on such date, and in the case of over-the-counter securities or other investments for which the last sale date is not available, valuations are based on independent market quotations obtained from market participants, recognized pricing services or other sources deemed relevant, and the prices are based on the average of the “bid” and “ask” prices, or at ascertainable prices at the close of business on such day. Market quotations are generally based on valuation pricing models or market transactions of similar securities adjusted for security-specific factors such as relative capital structure priority and interest and yield risks, among other factors. When market quotations are not available, a model based approach is used to determine fair value.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Certain consolidated VIEs have applied the fair value option for certain investments in private debt securities that otherwise would not have been carried at fair value with gains and losses in net income.
Deferred Revenue
Apollo records deferred revenue, which is a type of contract liability, when consideration is received in advance of management services provided.
Apollo also earns management fees subject to the Management Fee Offset (described below). When advisory and transaction fees are earned by the management company, the Management Fee Offset reduces the management fee obligation of the fund. When the Company receives cash for advisory and transaction fees, a certain percentage of such advisory and/or transaction fees, as applicable, is allocated as a credit to reduce future management fees, otherwise payable by such fund. Such credit is recorded as deferred revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. A portion of any excess advisory and transaction fees may be required to be returned to the limited partners of certain funds upon such fund’s liquidation. As the management fees earned by the Company are presented on a gross basis, any Management Fee Offsets calculated are presented as a reduction to advisory and transaction fees in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Additionally, Apollo earns advisory fees pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreements with certain of the portfolio companies that are owned by the funds Apollo manages. When Apollo receives a payment from a portfolio company that exceeds the advisory fees earned at that point in time, the excess payment is recorded as deferred revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The advisory agreements with the portfolio companies vary in duration and the associated fees are received monthly, quarterly or annually.
Deferred revenue is reversed and recognized as revenue over the period that the agreed upon services are performed. There was $23.1 million of revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that was previously deferred as of January 1, 2021.
Under the terms of the funds’ partnership agreements, Apollo is normally required to bear organizational expenses over a set dollar amount and placement fees or costs in connection with the offering and sale of interests in the funds it manages to investors. The placement fees are payable to placement agents, who are independent third parties that assist in identifying potential investors, securing commitments to invest from such potential investors, preparing or revising offering and marketing materials, developing strategies for attempting to secure investments by potential investors and/or providing feedback and insight regarding issues and concerns of potential investors, when a limited partner either commits or funds a commitment to a fund. In cases where the limited partners of the funds are determined to be the customer in an arrangement, placement fees may be capitalized as a cost to acquire a customer contract, and amortized over the life of the customer contract. Capitalized placement fees are recorded within other assets in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, while amortization is recorded within placement fees in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In certain instances, the placement fees are paid over a period of time. Based on the management agreements with the funds, Apollo considers placement fees and organizational costs paid in determining if cash has been received in excess of the management fees earned. Placement fees and organizational costs are normally the obligation of Apollo but can be paid for by the funds. When these costs are paid by the fund, the resulting obligations are included within deferred revenue. The deferred revenue balance will also be reduced during future periods when management fees are earned but not paid.
Redeemable non-controlling interests
Redeemable non-controlling interests represent the shares issued by APSG and APGB, the consolidated SPACs, that are redeemable for cash by the public shareholders in connection with the SPAC’s failure to complete a business combination or tender offer/stockholder approval provisions. The redeemable non-controlling interests are initially recorded at their original issue price, net of issuance costs and the initial fair value of separately traded warrants. The carrying amount is accreted to its redemption value over the period from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date of the instrument. These increases are recorded against additional paid-in capital.
Revenues
The Company’s revenues are reported in four separate categories that include (i) management fees; (ii) advisory and transaction fees, net; (iii) investment income, which is comprised of performance allocations and principal investment income; and (iv) incentive fees.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The revenue guidance requires that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services (i.e., the transaction price). When determining the transaction price under the revenue guidance, an entity may recognize variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable to not be significantly reversed. The revenue guidance also requires disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized.
Performance allocations are accounted for under guidance applicable to equity method investments, and therefore not within the scope of the revenue guidance. The Company recognizes performance allocations within investment income along with the related principal investment income (as further described below) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and within the investments line in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

Refer to disclosures below for additional information on each of the Company’s revenue streams.
Management Fees
Management fees are recognized over time during the periods in which the related services are performed in accordance with the contractual terms of the related agreement. Management fees are generally based on (1) a percentage of the capital committed during the commitment period, and thereafter based on the remaining invested capital of unrealized investments, or (2) net asset value, gross assets or as otherwise defined in the respective agreements. Included in management fees are certain expense reimbursements where the Company is considered the principal under the agreements and is required to record the expense and related reimbursement revenue on a gross basis.
Advisory and Transaction Fees, Net
Advisory fees, including management consulting fees and directors’ fees, are generally recognized over time as the underlying services are provided in accordance with the contractual terms of the related agreement. The Company receives such fees in exchange for ongoing management consulting services provided to portfolio companies of funds it manages. Transaction fees, including structuring fees and arranging fees related to the Company’s funds, portfolio companies of funds and third parties are generally recognized at a point in time when the underlying services rendered are complete.
The amounts due from fund portfolio companies are recorded in due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, which is discussed further in note 14. Under the terms of the limited partnership agreements for certain funds, the management fee payable by the funds may be subject to a reduction based on a certain percentage of such advisory and transaction fees, net of applicable broken deal costs (“Management Fee Offset”). Advisory and transaction fees are presented net of the Management Fee Offset in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Underwriting fees, which are also included within advisory and transaction fees, net, include gains, losses and fees, arising from securities offerings in which one of the Company’s subsidiaries participates in the underwriter syndicate. Underwriting fees are recognized at a point in time when the underwriting is completed. Underwriting fees recognized but not received are recorded in other assets on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
During the normal course of business, the Company incurs certain costs related to certain transactions that are not consummated (“broken deal costs”). These costs (e.g., research costs, due diligence costs, professional fees, legal fees and other related items) are determined to be broken deal costs upon management’s decision to no longer pursue the transaction. In accordance with the related fund agreement, in the event the deal is deemed broken, all of the costs are reimbursed by the funds and then included as a component of the calculation of the Management Fee Offset. If a deal is successfully completed, Apollo is reimbursed by the fund or fund’s portfolio company for all costs incurred and no offset is generated. As the Company acts as an agent for the funds it manages, any transaction costs incurred and paid by the Company on behalf of the respective funds relating to successful or broken deals are recorded net on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations, and any receivable from the respective funds is recorded in due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Investment Income
Investment income is comprised of performance allocations and principal investment income.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Performance Allocations
Performance allocations are a type of performance revenue (i.e., income earned based on the extent to which an entity’s performance exceeds predetermined thresholds). Performance allocations are generally structured from a legal standpoint as an allocation of capital in which the Company’s capital account receives allocations of the returns of an entity when those returns exceed predetermined thresholds. The determination of which performance revenues are considered performance allocations is primarily based on the terms of an agreement with the entity.
The Company recognizes performance allocations within investment income along with the related principal investment income (as described further below) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and within the investments line in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
When applicable, the Company may record a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations. The general partner obligation is based upon an assumed liquidation of a fund’s net assets as of the reporting date and is reported within due to related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The actual determination and any required payment of any such general partner obligation would not take place until the final disposition of a fund’s investments based on the contractual termination of the fund or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement or other governing document of the fund.
Principal Investment Income
Principal investment income includes the Company’s income or loss from equity method investments and certain other investments in entities in which the Company is generally eligible to receive performance allocations. Income from equity method investments includes the Company’s share of net income or loss generated from its investments, which are not consolidated, but in which the Company exerts significant influence.
Incentive Fees
Incentive fees are a type of performance revenue. Incentive fees differ from performance allocations in that incentive fees do not represent an allocation of capital but rather a contractual fee arrangement with the entity.
Incentive fees are considered a form of variable consideration as they are subject to clawback or reversal and therefore must be deferred until the fees are probable to not be significantly reversed. Accrued but unpaid incentive fees are reported within incentive fees receivable in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company’s incentive fees primarily relate to the credit segment and are generally received from CLOs, managed accounts and AINV.
Compensation and Benefits
Salaries, Bonus and Benefits
Salaries, bonus and benefits include base salaries, discretionary and non-discretionary bonuses, severance and employee benefits. Bonuses are generally accrued over the related service period.
Equity-Based Compensation
Equity-based awards granted to employees and non-employees as compensation are measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. Equity-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards) are expensed immediately. Equity-based employee awards that require future service are expensed over the relevant service period. In addition, certain restricted share units (“RSUs”) granted by the Company vest based on both continued service and the Company’s receipt of performance revenues, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, equity-based compensation expense for such awards, if and when granted, will be recognized on an accelerated recognition method over the requisite service period to the extent the performance revenue metrics are met or deemed probable. The Company accounts for forfeitures of equity-based awards when they occur.
Profit Sharing
Profit sharing expense and profit sharing payable primarily consist of a portion of performance revenues earned from certain funds that are allocated to employees and former employees. Profit sharing amounts are recognized as the related
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
performance revenues are earned. Accordingly, profit sharing amounts can be reversed during periods when there is a decline in performance revenues that were previously recognized.
Profit sharing amounts are generally not paid until the related performance revenue is distributed to the general partner upon realization of the fund’s investments. Under certain profit sharing arrangements, the Company requires that a portion of certain of the performance revenues distributed to its employees be used to purchase restricted Class A Common Stock issued under the Company’s Equity Plan. Prior to distribution of the performance revenue, the Company records the value of the equity-based awards expected to be granted in other assets and other liabilities within the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Such equity-based awards are recorded as equity-based compensation expense over the relevant service period once granted.
Additionally, profit sharing amounts previously distributed may be subject to clawback from employees and former employees. When applicable, the accrual for potential clawback of previously distributed profit sharing amounts, which is a component of due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, represents all amounts previously distributed to employees and former employees that would need to be returned to the general partner if the Apollo funds were to be liquidated based on the fair value of the underlying funds’ investments as of the reporting date. The actual general partner receivable, however, would not become realized until the final disposition of a fund’s investments based on the contractual termination of the fund or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement or other governing document of the fund.
Profit sharing payable also includes contingent consideration obligations that were recognized in connection with certain Apollo acquisitions. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as profit sharing expense.
The Company has a performance-based incentive arrangement for certain Apollo partners and employees designed to more closely align compensation on an annual basis with the overall realized performance of the Company. This arrangement enables certain partners and employees to earn discretionary compensation based on performance revenue earned by the Company in a given year, which amounts are reflected in profit sharing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company may also use dividends it receives from investments in MidCap, ARI and AINV to compensate employees. These amounts are recorded as profit sharing expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.
401(k) Savings Plan
The Company sponsors a 401(k) savings plan (the “401(k) Plan”) whereby U.S.-based employees are entitled to participate in the 401(k) Plan based upon satisfying certain eligibility requirements. The Company matches 50% of eligible annual employee contributions up to 3% of the eligible employees’ annual compensation. Matching contributions vest after three years of service.
General, Administrative and Other
General, administrative and other primarily includes professional fees, occupancy, depreciation and amortization, travel, information technology and administration expenses.
Income Taxes
Effective September 5, 2019, Apollo Global Management, LLC converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation named Apollo Global Management, Inc. Subsequent to the conversion, generally all of the income it earns from the Apollo Operating Group (“AOG”) entities is subject to U.S. corporate income taxes. Certain of the AOG entities operate as partnerships for U.S. income tax purposes and are subject to New York City unincorporated business taxes (“NYC UBT”). Certain non-U.S. entities are also subject to non-U.S. corporate income taxes.
Significant judgment is required in determining tax expense and in evaluating tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. The Company recognizes the tax benefit of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If a tax position is not considered more likely than not to be sustained, then no benefits
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
of the position are recognized. The Company’s tax positions are reviewed and evaluated quarterly to determine whether the Company has uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis using currently enacted tax rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period during which the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Non-Controlling Interests
For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than Apollo. The aggregate of the income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Non-Controlling Interests relating to Apollo Global Management, Inc. include the ownership interest in the Apollo Operating Group held by Managing Partners and Contributing Partners through their limited partner interests in Holdings. Additionally, Athene holds Non-Controlling Interests in the Apollo Operating Group as a result of the Transaction Agreement. Non-Controlling Interests also include ownership interests in certain consolidated funds and VIEs.
Non-Controlling Interests are presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The primary components of Non-Controlling Interests are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Apollo Operating Group and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income includes the net income attributable to the holders of Non-Controlling Interests on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Profits and losses are allocated to Non-Controlling Interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests regardless of their basis.
Guarantees
See note 15 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for information related to our material guarantees.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Apollo’s most significant estimates include goodwill, intangible assets, income taxes, performance allocations, incentive fees, contingent consideration obligation related to an acquisition, non-cash compensation, and fair value of investments and debt. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The Company is unable to predict the adverse impact the COVID-19 pandemic will ultimately have. While such impact may change considerably over time, the estimates and assumptions affecting the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are based on information available as of March 31, 2021. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The new guidance eliminates certain exceptions to the existing approach in ASC 740, and clarifies other guidance within the standard; it is effective for the Company on January 1, 2021. Based on the Company’s current application of ASC 740, the guidance did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
3. INVESTMENTS
The following table presents Apollo’s investments: 
As of
March 31, 2021
As of
December 31, 2020
Investments, at fair value $ 2,723,664  $ 2,360,434 
Equity method investments 1,321,097  1,010,821 
Performance allocations 2,656,056  1,624,156 
Total Investments $ 6,700,817  $ 4,995,411 
Investments, at Fair Value
Investments, at fair value, consist of investments for which the fair value option has been elected and primarily include the Company’s investment in Athene Holding and investments in debt of unconsolidated CLOs. Changes in the fair value related to these investments are presented in net gains (losses) from investment activities except for certain investments for which the Company is entitled to receive performance allocations. For those investments, changes in fair value are presented in principal investment income.
The Company’s equity investment in Athene Holding, for which the fair value option was elected, met the significance criteria as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as of March 31, 2021 and 2020. As such, the following tables present summarized financial information of Athene Holding:
  For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
(in millions)
Statements of Operations
Revenues $ 4,391  $ (1,549)
Benefits and expenses 4,252  (167)
Income (loss) before income taxes 139  (1,382)
Income tax expense (benefit) 62  (166)
Net income (loss) $ 77  $ (1,216)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests (537) (169)
Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders 614  (1,047)
Less: Preferred stock dividends 36  18 
Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. common shareholders $ 578  $ (1,065)
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities
The following table presents the realized and net change in unrealized gains (losses) reported in net gains (losses) from investment activities: 
  For the Three Months Ended March 31,
  2021 2020
Realized gains on sales of investments, net $ $ 1,807 
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) due to changes in fair value 353,150  (1,266,358)
Net gains (losses) from investment activities $ 353,151  $ (1,264,551)
Equity Method Investments
Apollo’s equity method investments include its investments in the credit, private equity and real assets funds it manages, which are not consolidated, but in which the Company exerts significant influence. Apollo’s share of net income generated by these investments is recorded in principal investment income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Equity method investments consisted of the following:
  Equity Held as of
  March 31, 2021
(5)
December 31, 2020
(5)
Credit(1)(2)
$ 481,228  $ 258,952 
Private Equity(3)
757,109  672,430 
Real Assets 82,760  79,439 
Total equity method investments(4)
$ 1,321,097  $ 1,010,821 
(1)    The equity method investment in AINV was $38.9 million and $40.4 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The value of the Company’s investment in AINV was $37.9 million and $30.8 million based on the quoted market price of AINV as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(2)    The equity method investment in VA Capital Company, LLC was $341.1 million and $113.5 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(3)    The equity method investment in Fund VIII was $387.6 million and $343.3 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, representing an ownership percentage of 2.2% and 2.2% as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The equity method investment in Fund IX was $164.2 million and $134.4 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, representing an ownership percentage of 1.9% and 1.9% as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(4)    Certain funds invest across multiple segments. The presentation in the table above is based on the classification of the majority of such funds’ investments.
(5)    Some amounts included are a quarter in arrears.
Performance Allocations
Performance allocations receivable recorded within investments in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition from credit, private equity and real assets funds consisted of the following: 
As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
Credit $ 500,673  $ 465,153 
Private Equity 2,031,864  1,040,827 
Real Assets 123,519  118,176 
Total performance allocations $ 2,656,056  $ 1,624,156 
The table below provides a roll forward of the performance allocations balance:
Credit Private Equity Real Assets Total
Performance allocations, January 1, 2021 $ 465,153  $ 1,040,827  $ 118,176  $ 1,624,156 
Change in fair value of funds 187,963  1,064,603  26,888  1,279,454 
Fund distributions to the Company (152,443) (73,566) (21,545) (247,554)
Performance allocations, March 31, 2021 $ 500,673  $ 2,031,864  $ 123,519  $ 2,656,056 
The change in fair value of funds excludes the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations, which is recorded in due to related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. See note 14 for further disclosure regarding the general partner obligation.
The timing of the payment of performance allocations due to the general partner or investment manager varies depending on the terms of the applicable fund agreements. Generally, performance allocations with respect to the private equity funds and certain credit and real assets funds are payable and are distributed to the fund’s general partner upon realization of an investment if the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
4. PROFIT SHARING PAYABLE
Profit sharing payable consisted of the following:
As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
Credit $ 400,791  $ 356,375 
Private Equity 862,763  422,079 
Real Assets 75,097  64,223 
Total profit sharing payable $ 1,338,651  $ 842,677 
The table below provides a roll-forward of the profit sharing payable balance:
Credit Private Equity Real Assets Total
Profit sharing payable, January 1, 2021 $ 356,375  $ 422,079  $ 64,223  $ 842,677 
Profit sharing expense 117,590  472,658  15,156  605,404 
Payments/other (73,174) (31,974) (4,282) (109,430)
Profit sharing payable, March 31, 2021 $ 400,791  $ 862,763  $ 75,097  $ 1,338,651 
     Profit sharing expense includes (i) changes in amounts payable to employees and former employees entitled to a share of performance revenues in Apollo’s funds and (ii) changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations recognized in connection with certain Apollo acquisitions. Profit sharing expense excludes the potential return of profit sharing distributions that would be due if certain funds were liquidated, which is recorded in due from related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. See note 14 for further disclosure regarding the potential return of profit sharing distributions.
As discussed in note 2, under certain profit sharing arrangements, the Company requires that a portion of certain of the performance revenues distributed to its employees be used to purchase restricted shares of Class A Common Stock issued under its Equity Plan. Prior to distribution of the performance revenues, the Company records the value of the equity-based awards expected to be granted in other assets and other liabilities within the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. See note 7 for further disclosure regarding deferred equity-based compensation.
5. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
As described in note 2, the Company consolidates entities that are VIEs for which the Company has been designated as the primary beneficiary.
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
As noted further in note 14, Apollo purchased a 17% incremental equity ownership stake in Athene on February 28, 2020, bringing Apollo’s beneficial ownership in Athene to approximately 28.5% as of March 31, 2021. This has resulted in Apollo’s indirect ownership through Athene in several VIEs being considered significant and therefore Apollo has consolidated the financial positions and results of operations of such VIEs given that the Company also has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs.
Consolidated VIEs include certain CLOs as well as certain funds managed by the Company. Through its role as collateral manager, investment manager or general partner of these VIEs, the Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs. In addition, the Company’s combined interests in these VIEs are significant. The assets are not available to creditors of the Company, and the investors in these consolidated VIEs have no recourse against the assets of the Company. There is no recourse to the Company for the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities.
The Company measures the fair value of the financial assets and the financial liabilities of the CLOs using the fair value of either the financial assets or financial liabilities, whichever is more observable (see note 2 for further discussion). The Company has elected the fair value option for financial instruments held by its consolidated CLOs, which includes investments in loans and corporate bonds, as well as debt obligations and contingent obligations. Other assets include amounts due from
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
brokers and interest receivables. Other liabilities include payables for securities purchased, which represent open trades within the consolidated CLOs and primarily relate to corporate loans that are expected to settle within 60 days.
The consolidated funds managed by the Company are investment companies and their investments, which include equity securities as well as debt securities, are held at fair value. Other assets of the consolidated funds include interest receivables and receivables from affiliates. Other liabilities include debt held at amortized cost as well as short-term payables.
Included within liabilities of the consolidated VIEs are notes payable related to certain funds managed by the Company. Each series of notes in a respective consolidated VIE participates in distributions from the VIE, including principal and interest from underlying investments, in accordance with the terms of the note series. Amounts allocated to the noteholders reflect amounts that would be distributed if the VIE’s affairs were wound up and its assets sold for cash equal to their respective carrying values, its liabilities satisfied in accordance with their terms, and all the remaining amounts distributed to the noteholders. The respective VIEs that issue the notes payable are marked at their prevailing net asset value, which approximates fair value.
Results from certain funds managed by the Company are reported on a three month lag based upon the availability of financial information.
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities of Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The following table presents net gains from investment activities of the consolidated VIEs:
  For the Three Months Ended March 31,
  2021
(1)
2020
(1)
Net gains (losses) from investment activities $ 304,401  $ (979,224)
Net gains (losses) from debt (9,008) 534,451 
Interest and other income 134,338  151,442 
Interest and other expenses (317,137) 127,411 
Net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities $ 112,594  $ (165,920)
(1)Amounts reflect consolidation eliminations.
Senior Secured Notes, Subordinated Notes and Secured Borrowings
Included within debt, at fair value and other liabilities are amounts due to third-party institutions by the consolidated VIEs. The following table summarizes the principal provisions of those amounts:
  As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
  Principal Outstanding Weighted Average Interest Rate Weighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years Principal Outstanding Weighted Average Interest Rate Weighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years
Senior Secured Notes(2)
$ 5,424,388  1.98  % 6.0 $ 5,350,198  2.10  % 6.0
Subordinated Notes(2)
3,428,256  5.09  %
(1)
20.9 3,389,375  5.08  %
(1)
21.1
Secured Borrowings(2)(3)
117,456  2.44  % 0.4 236,698  2.41  % 0.3
Total $ 8,970,100  $ 8,976,271 
(1)As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, $0.7 billion and $0.6 billion, respectively, of the principal outstanding balance of the subordinated notes do not have contractual interest rates but instead receive distributions from the excess cash flows of the VIEs.
(2)The notes and borrowings of the consolidated VIEs are collateralized by assets held by each respective vehicle and assets of one vehicle may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another vehicle. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the fair value of these consolidated VIEs’ assets were $9.8 billion and $9.6 billion, respectively.
(3)As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, secured borrowings consist of consolidated VIEs’ obligations through a repurchase agreement redeemable at maturity with third party lenders. The fair value of the secured borrowings as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 approximates principal outstanding due to the short term nature of the borrowings. These secured borrowings are classified as a Level III liability within the fair value hierarchy.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The consolidated VIEs’ debt obligations contain various customary loan covenants. As of March 31, 2021, the Company was not aware of any instances of non-compliance with any of these covenants.
As of March 31, 2021, except for the secured borrowings, the contractual maturities for debt of the consolidated VIEs are greater than 2 years.
Variable Interest Entities Which are Not Consolidated
The Company holds variable interests in certain VIEs which are not consolidated, as it has been determined that Apollo is not the primary beneficiary.
The following table presents the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities of the VIEs for which Apollo has concluded that it holds a significant variable interest, but that it is not the primary beneficiary. In addition, the table presents the maximum exposure to losses relating to these VIEs.
As of
March 31, 2021
As of
December 31, 2020
Assets:
Cash $ 315,394  $ 354,109 
Investments 4,284,802  4,154,057 
Receivables 58,509  34,800 
Total Assets $ 4,658,705  $ 4,542,966 
Liabilities:
Debt and other payables $ 1,330,323  $ 1,229,345 
Total Liabilities $ 1,330,323  $ 1,229,345 
Apollo Exposure(1)
$ 153,791  $ 155,273 
(1)Represents Apollo’s direct investment in those entities in which Apollo holds a significant variable interest and certain other investments. Additionally, cumulative performance allocations are subject to reversal in the event of future losses, as discussed in note 15.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at fair value by fair value hierarchy level:
  As of March 31, 2021
Level I Level II Level III Total Cost
Assets
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value $ 2,182,151  $ —  $ —  $ 2,182,151  $ 2,182,054 
Investments, at fair value:
Investment in Athene Holding —  2,296,997  —  2,296,997  2,092,247 
Other investments —  45,390  381,277 
(1)
426,667  354,010 
Total investments, at fair value —  2,342,387  381,277  2,723,664  2,446,257 
Investments of VIEs, at fair value 1,417  2,253,289  11,947,443  14,202,149 
Investments of VIEs, valued using NAV —  —  —  384,157 
Total investments of VIEs, at fair value 1,417  2,253,289  11,947,443  14,586,306 
Derivative assets(2)
—  16  —  16 
Total Assets $ 2,183,568  $ 4,595,692  $ 12,328,720  $ 19,492,137 
Liabilities
Debt of VIEs, at fair value $ —  $ 1,552,404  $ 7,293,003  $ 8,845,407 
Other liabilities of VIEs, at fair value —  4,291  24,247  28,538 
Contingent consideration obligations(3)
—  —  113,222  113,222 
Other liabilities(4)
34,307  —  —  34,307 
Derivative liabilities(2)
—  — 
Total Liabilities $ 34,307  $ 1,556,696  $ 7,430,472  $ 9,021,475 

  As of December 31, 2020
Level I Level II Level III Total Cost
Assets
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value $ 1,816,958  $ —  $ —  $ 1,816,958  $ 1,816,635 
Investments, at fair value:
Investment in Athene Holding —  1,942,574  —  1,942,574  2,092,247 
Other investments —  48,088  369,772 
(1)
417,860  354,010 
Total investments, at fair value —  1,990,662  369,772  2,360,434  2,446,257 
Investments of VIEs, at fair value 2,558  2,140,135  10,962,980  13,105,673 
Investments of VIEs, valued using NAV —  —  —  210,343 
Total investments of VIEs, at fair value 2,558  2,140,135  10,962,980  13,316,016 
Derivative assets(2)
—  17  —  17 
Total Assets $ 1,819,516  $ 4,130,814  $ 11,332,752  $ 17,493,425 
Liabilities
Debt of VIEs, at fair value $ —  $ 1,580,097  $ 7,080,418  $ 8,660,515 
Other liabilities of VIEs, at fair value —  3,874  20,202  24,076 
Contingent consideration obligations(3)
—  —  119,788  119,788 
Derivative liabilities(2)
—  100  —  100 
Total Liabilities $ —  $ 1,584,071  $ 7,220,408  $ 8,804,479 
(1)    Other investments as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 excludes $78.8 million and $44.4 million, respectively, of performance allocations classified as Level III related to certain investments for which the Company has elected the fair value option. The Company’s policy is to account for performance allocations as investments.
(2)    Derivative assets and derivative liabilities are presented as a component of Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(3)    Profit sharing payable includes contingent obligations classified as Level III.
(4)    Other liabilities includes the publicly traded warrants of APSG.
The following tables summarize the changes in financial assets measured at fair value for which Level III inputs have been used to determine fair value:
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Other Investments Investments of Consolidated VIEs Total
Balance, Beginning of Period $ 369,772  $ 10,962,980  $ 11,332,752 
Purchases —  990,350  990,350 
Sale of investments/distributions —  (247,939) (247,939)
Net realized gains (losses) 1,065  5,888  6,953 
Changes in net unrealized gains (losses) 19,979  312,401  332,380 
Cumulative translation adjustment (10,245) (19,055) (29,300)
Transfer into Level III(1)
706  2,666  3,372 
Transfer out of Level III(1)
—  (59,848) (59,848)
Balance, End of Period $ 381,277  $ 11,947,443  $ 12,328,720 
Change in net unrealized gains included in principal investment income related to investments still held at reporting date $ 19,979  $ —  $ 19,979 
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date —  129,731  129,731 
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Other Investments Investments of Consolidated VIEs Total
Balance, Beginning of Period $ 113,410  $ 321,069  $ 434,479 
Transfer in due to consolidation —  7,794,128  7,794,128 
Purchases 31,404  329,231  360,635 
Sale of investments/distributions (8,412) (29,153) (37,565)
Settlements —  (185,172) (185,172)
Net realized gains (losses) 785  (1,234) (449)
Changes in net unrealized gains (losses) (17,624) (642,702) (660,326)
Cumulative translation adjustment (1,451) (11,421) (12,872)
Transfer into Level III(1)
—  68,930  68,930 
Transfer out of Level III(1)
—  (2,773) (2,773)
Balance, End of Period $ 118,112  $ 7,640,903  $ 7,759,015 
Change in net unrealized gains included in principal investment income related to investments still held at reporting date $ (17,624) $ —  $ (17,624)
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) included in net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date —  (117,942) (117,942)
(1)Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial assets to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from external pricing services.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table summarizes the changes in fair value in financial liabilities measured at fair value for which Level III inputs have been used to determine fair value:
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Contingent Consideration Obligations Debt and Other Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs Total
Balance, Beginning of Period $ 119,788  $ 7,100,620  $ 7,220,408 
Issuances —  209,537  209,537 
Repayments (12,322) (44,653) (56,975)
Net realized gains —  491  491 
Changes in net unrealized (gains) losses(1)
5,756  77,492  83,248 
Cumulative translation adjustment —  (26,237) (26,237)
Balance, End of Period $ 113,222  $ 7,317,250  $ 7,430,472 
Change in net unrealized (gains) losses included in net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to debt and other liabilities still held at reporting date $ —  72,471  $ 72,471 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Contingent Consideration Obligations Debt and Other Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs Total
Balance, Beginning of Period $ 112,514  $ —  $ 112,514 
Transfer in due to consolidation —  4,291,286  4,291,286 
Issuances —  89,100  89,100 
Repayments (12,651) (180,000) (192,651)
Changes in net unrealized (gains) losses(1)
(23,163) (397,993) (421,156)
Cumulative translation adjustment —  (6,527) (6,527)
Balance, End of Period $ 76,700  $ 3,795,866  $ 3,872,566 
Change in net unrealized (gains) losses included in net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to debt and other liabilities still held at reporting date $ —  $ 357,946  $ 357,946 
(1)Changes in fair value of contingent consideration obligations are recorded in profit sharing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following tables summarize the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for financial assets and liabilities categorized as Level III under the fair value hierarchy:
  As of March 31, 2021
Fair Value Valuation Techniques Unobservable Inputs Ranges
Weighted Average (1)
Financial Assets
Other investments $ 252,862  Embedded value N/A N/A N/A
119,976  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 16% - 47.5% 22.9%
8,439  Third party pricing N/A N/A N/A
Investments of consolidated VIEs:
Equity securities 4,305,695  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 3.1% - 19.0% 9.4%
Discounted cash flow Disposition timeline 9 - 52 months 27.6
Discounted cash flow 2 year home price index forecast (7.4%) - 10.1% 2.0%
Dividend discount model Discount rate 13.8% 13.8%
Market comparable companies P/E multiple 10.4x 10.4x
Market comparable companies TBV multiple 0.59x 0.59x
Adjusted transaction value Purchase multiple 1.25x 1.25x
Adjusted transaction value N/A N/A N/A
Guideline public company NTAV multiple 1.2x 1.2x
Guideline public company TEV/EBITDA 0.04x - 0.065x 0.064x
Bank loans 3,844,782  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 1.8% - 17.0% 4.1%
Adjusted transaction value N/A N/A N/A
Third party pricing N/A N/A N/A
Profit participating notes 2,785,082  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 7.5% - 12.5% 12.2%
Real estate 441,573  Discounted cash flow Capitalization rate 5.8% - 6.0% 5.8%
Discounted cash flow Discount rate 6.3% - 12.5% 9.0%
Discounted cash flow Terminal capitalization rate 8.3% 8.3%
Direct capitalization Capitalization rate 5.5% - 8.5% 6.4%
Direct capitalization Terminal capitalization rate 5.8% - 12% 7.3%
Adjusted transaction value N/A N/A N/A
Bonds 101,022  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 5.1% - 7.4% 6.7%
Third party pricing N/A N/A N/A
Convertible securities 24,220  Dividend discount model Discount rate 13.8% 13.8%
Market comparable companies P/E multiple 10.4x 10.4x
Market comparable companies TBV multiple 0.59x 0.59x
Warrants 2,959  Option model Volatility 35.0% - 64.2% 52.1%
Other equity investments 442,110  Third party pricing N/A N/A N/A
Total Investments of Consolidated VIEs 11,947,443 
Total Financial Assets $ 12,328,720 
Financial Liabilities
Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs:
Secured loans $ 3,939,652  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 1.4% - 9.6% 2.7%
Subordinated notes 3,138,691  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 4.8% - 12.0% 5.8%
Participating equity 213,108  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 15.0% 15.0%
Preferred equity 1,552  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 15.0% 15.0%
Other liabilities 24,247  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 2.2% - 9.0% 5.9%
Adjusted transaction value N/A N/A N/A
Third party pricing N/A N/A N/A
Total liabilities of Consolidated VIEs: 7,317,250 
Contingent Consideration Obligation $ 113,222  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 18.0% 18.0%
Total Financial Liabilities $ 7,430,472 
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
  As of December 31, 2020
Fair Value Valuation Techniques Unobservable Inputs Ranges
Weighted Average (1)
Financial Assets
Other investments $ 254,655  Embedded value N/A N/A N/A
107,652  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 16% - 47.5% 23.4%
7,465  Third party pricing N/A N/A N/A
Investments of consolidated VIEs:
Equity securities 4,339,244  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 4.4% - 15.6% 7.2%
Discounted cash flow Disposition timeline 8 - 52 months 28.8
Discounted cash flow 2 year home price index forecast (14%) - 9.6% (2.5%)
Dividend discount model Discount rate 9.7% - 13.8% 11.2%
Market comparable companies NTAV multiple 1.2x 1.2x
Market comparable companies P/E multiple 9.8x 9.8x
Market comparable companies TBV multiple 0.56x 0.56x
Adjusted transaction value Purchase multiple 1.1x 1.1x
Adjusted transaction value N/A N/A N/A
Bank loans 3,501,384  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 1.8% - 27.0% 3.4%
Recoverability Recoverability rate 14.0% - 75.0% 57.8%
Third party pricing N/A N/A N/A
Profit participating notes 2,577,596  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 7.5% - 15.0% 14.6%
Real estate 422,123  Discounted cash flow Capitalization rate 5.8% - 6.0% 5.8%
Discounted cash flow Discount rate 6.3% - 12.5% 8.4%
Discounted cash flow Terminal capitalization rate 8.3% 8.3%
Direct capitalization Capitalization rate 5.5% - 8.5% 6.6%
Direct capitalization Terminal capitalization rate 5.8% - 12% 7.6%
Bonds 97,209  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 5.5% - 7.0% 6.5%
Third party pricing N/A N/A N/A
Convertible securities 16,581  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 12.4% 12.4%
Dividend discount model Discount rate 13.8% 13.8%
Market comparable companies P/E multiple 9.8x 9.8x
Market comparable companies TBV multiple 0.56x 0.56x
Warrants 2,676  Option model Volatility 50.0% - 64.4% 53.1%
Other equity investments 6,167  Third party pricing N/A N/A N/A
Total Investments of Consolidated VIEs 10,962,980 
Total Financial Assets $ 11,332,752 
Financial Liabilities
Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs:
Secured loans $ 3,822,475  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 1.8% - 9.3% 2.7%
Subordinated notes 3,044,437  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 7.7% - 14.0% 9.9%
Adjusted transaction value N/A N/A N/A
Preferred equity 213,506  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 15% 15%
Other liabilities 20,202  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 1.8% - 7.9% 5.7%
Adjusted transaction value N/A N/A N/A
Third party pricing N/A N/A N/A
Total liabilities of Consolidated VIEs: 7,100,620 
Contingent Consideration Obligation $ 119,788  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 17.5% 17.5%
Total Financial Liabilities $ 7,220,408 
N/A        Not applicable
EBITDA        Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization
NTAV        Net tangible asset value
P/E        Price-to-Earnings
TBV        Total book value
TEV        Total enterprise value
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(1)      Unobservable inputs were weighted based on the fair value of the investments included in the range.
Fair Value Measurement of Investment in Athene Holding
As of March 31, 2021, the fair value of Apollo’s Level II investment in Athene Holding was estimated using the closing market price of Athene Holding shares of $50.40 less a DLOM of 16.5%. The DLOM was derived based on the average remaining lock up restrictions on the shares of Athene Holding held by Apollo (36 months from the closing date of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreement) and the estimated volatility in such shares of Athene Holding. The historical share price volatility of a representative set of Athene Holding’s publicly traded insurance peers was calculated over a three year period equivalent to the lock up on the shares of Athene Holding held by Apollo and used as a proxy to estimate the projected volatility in Athene Holding’s shares. As of December 31, 2020, the fair value of Apollo’s Level II investment in Athene Holding was estimated using the closing market price of Athene Holding shares of $43.14 less a DLOM of 17.5%.
Discounted Cash Flow Model
When a discounted cash flow model is used to determine fair value, the significant input used in the valuation model is the discount rate applied to present value the projected cash flows. Increases in the discount rate can significantly lower the fair value of an investment and the contingent consideration obligations; conversely decreases in the discount rate can significantly increase the fair value of an investment and the contingent consideration obligations.
Consolidated VIEs
Investments
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the equity securities include the discount rate applied, purchase multiple, price-to-earnings multiple, total book value multiple and net tangible asset value in the valuation models. These unobservable inputs in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. The discount rate is determined based on the market rates an investor would expect for a similar investment with similar risks.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of bank loans are discount rates and recoverability percentage. Significant increases (decreases) in any discount rates would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of bonds and profit participating notes are discount rates. Significant increases (decreases) in discount rates would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurements.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of real estate are discount rates and capitalization rates. Significant increases (decreases) in any discount rates or capitalization rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of convertible securities are discount rates, price-to-earnings multiple and total book value multiple. Significant increases (decreases) in any discount rates would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of warrants are volatility rates. Significant increases (decreases) in volatility rates would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
Certain investments are valued using the NAV per share equivalent calculated by the investment manager as a practical expedient to determining an independent fair value.
Liabilities
The debt obligations of certain consolidated VIEs, that are CLOs, were measured on the basis of the fair value of the financial assets of those CLOs as the financial assets were determined to be more observable and, as a result, categorized as Level II in the fair value hierarchy.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s liabilities of consolidated VIEs are discount rates. Significant increases (decreases) in discount rates would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
Contingent Consideration Obligations
The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration obligations is the discount rate applied in the valuation models. This input in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. The discount rate was based on the hypothetical cost of equity in connection with the acquisition of Stone Tower. See note 15 for further discussion of the contingent consideration obligations.
Valuation of Underlying Investments of Equity Method Investees
As discussed previously, the underlying entities that the Company manages and invests in are primarily investment companies which account for their investments at estimated fair value.
On a quarterly basis, Apollo utilizes valuation committees consisting of members from senior management, to review and approve the valuation results related to the investments of the funds it manages. For certain publicly traded vehicles managed by the Company, a review is performed by an independent board of directors. The Company also retains external valuation firms to provide third-party valuation consulting services to Apollo, which consist of certain limited procedures that management identifies and requests them to perform. The limited procedures provided by the external valuation firms assist management with validating their valuation results or determining fair value. The Company performs various back-testing procedures to validate their valuation approaches, including comparisons between expected and observed outcomes, forecast evaluations and variance analyses. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, those estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and the differences could be material.
    Credit Investments
The majority of investments in Apollo’s credit funds are valued based on quoted market prices and valuation models. Quoted market prices are valued based on the average of the “bid” and the “ask” quotes provided by multiple brokers wherever possible without any adjustments. Apollo will designate certain brokers to use to value specific securities. In order to determine the designated brokers, Apollo considers the following: (i) brokers with which Apollo has previously transacted, (ii) the underwriter of the security and (iii) active brokers indicating executable quotes. In addition, when valuing a security based on broker quotes wherever possible Apollo tests the standard deviation amongst the quotes received and the variance between the concluded fair value and the value provided by a pricing service. When broker quotes are not available Apollo considers the use of pricing service quotes or other sources to mark a position. When relying on a pricing service as a primary source, Apollo (i) analyzes how the price has moved over the measurement period, (ii) reviews the number of brokers included in the pricing service’s population, if available, and (iii) validates the valuation levels with Apollo’s pricing team and traders.
Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value utilizing a model based approach to determine fair value. Valuation approaches used to estimate the fair value of illiquid credit investments also may include the market approach and the income approach, as described below. The valuation approaches used consider, as applicable, market risks, credit risks, counterparty risks and foreign currency risks.
    Private Equity Investments
The majority of the illiquid investments within our private equity funds are valued using the market approach, which provides an indication of fair value based on a comparison of the subject company to comparable publicly traded companies and transactions in the industry.
    Market Approach
The market approach is driven by current market conditions, including actual trading levels of similar companies and, to the extent available, actual transaction data of similar companies. Judgment is required by management when assessing which companies are similar to the subject company being valued. Consideration may also be given to any of the following factors: (1) the subject company’s historical and projected financial data; (2) valuations given to comparable companies; (3) the size and scope of the subject company’s operations; (4) the subject company’s individual strengths and weaknesses;
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(5) expectations relating to the market’s receptivity to an offering of the subject company’s securities; (6) applicable restrictions on transfer; (7) industry and market information; (8) general economic and market conditions; and (9) other factors deemed relevant. Market approach valuation models typically employ a multiple that is based on one or more of the factors described above. Enterprise value as a multiple of EBITDA is common and relevant for most companies and industries, however, other industry specific multiples are employed where available and appropriate. Sources for gaining additional knowledge related to comparable companies include public filings, annual reports, analyst research reports, and press releases. Once a comparable company set is determined, Apollo reviews certain aspects of the subject company’s performance and determines how its performance compares to the group and to certain individuals in the group. Apollo compares certain measurements such as EBITDA margins, revenue growth over certain time periods, leverage ratios and growth opportunities. In addition, Apollo compares the entry multiple and its relation to the comparable set at the time of acquisition to understand its relation to the comparable set on each measurement date.
    Income Approach
For investments where the market approach does not provide adequate fair value information, Apollo relies on the income approach. The income approach is also used to validate the market approach within our private equity funds. The income approach provides an indication of fair value based on the present value of cash flows that a business or security is expected to generate in the future. The most widely used methodology for the income approach is a discounted cash flow method. Inherent in the discounted cash flow method are significant assumptions related to the subject company’s expected results, the determination of a terminal value and a calculated discount rate, which is normally based on the subject company’s weighted average cost of capital, or “WACC.” The WACC represents the required rate of return on total capitalization, which is comprised of a required rate of return on equity, plus the current tax-effected rate of return on debt, weighted by the relative percentages of equity and debt that are typical in the industry. The most critical step in determining the appropriate WACC for each subject company is to select companies that are comparable in nature to the subject company and the credit quality of the subject company. Sources for gaining additional knowledge about the comparable companies include public filings, annual reports, analyst research reports, and press releases. The general formula then used for calculating the WACC considers the after-tax rate of return on debt capital and the rate of return on common equity capital, which further considers the risk-free rate of return, market beta, market risk premium and small stock premium, if applicable. The variables used in the WACC formula are inferred from the comparable market data obtained. The Company evaluates the comparable companies selected and concludes on WACC inputs based on the most comparable company or analyzes the range of data for the investment.
Debt securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value utilizing a model based approach to determine fair value. Valuation approaches used to estimate the fair value of hybrid capital investments also may include the market approach and the income approach, as previously described above. The valuation approaches used consider, as applicable, market risks, credit risks, counterparty risks and foreign currency risks.
The value of liquid investments, where the primary market is an exchange (whether foreign or domestic), is determined using period end market prices. Such prices are generally based on the close price on the date of determination.
Real Assets Investments
The estimated fair value of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) in Apollo’s real assets funds is determined by reference to market prices provided by certain dealers who make a market in these financial instruments. Broker quotes are only indicative of fair value and may not necessarily represent what the funds would receive in an actual trade for the applicable instrument. Additionally, the loans held-for-investment are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs for certain investments. The loans in Apollo’s real assets funds are evaluated for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. For Apollo’s real assets funds, valuations of non-marketable underlying investments are determined using methods that include, but are not limited to (i) discounted cash flow estimates or comparable analysis prepared internally, (ii) third party appraisals or valuations by qualified real estate appraisers and (iii) contractual sales value of investments/properties subject to bona fide purchase contracts. Methods (i) and (ii) also incorporate consideration of the use of the income, cost, or sales comparison approaches of estimating property values.
Certain of the credit, private equity, and real assets funds may also enter into foreign currency exchange contracts, total return swap contracts, credit default swap contracts, and other derivative contracts, which may include options, caps, collars and floors. Foreign currency exchange contracts are marked-to-market by recognizing the difference between the contract exchange rate and the current market rate as unrealized appreciation or depreciation. If securities are held at the end of the period, the changes in value are recorded in income as unrealized. Realized gains or losses are recognized when contracts
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
are settled. Total return swap and credit default swap contracts are recorded at fair value as an asset or liability with changes in fair value recorded as unrealized appreciation or depreciation. Realized gains or losses are recognized at the termination of the contract based on the difference between the close-out price of the total return or credit default swap contract and the original contract price. Forward contracts are valued based on market rates obtained from counterparties or prices obtained from recognized financial data service providers.
7. OTHER ASSETS
Other assets consisted of the following:
As of
March 31, 2021
As of
December 31, 2020
Fixed assets $196,165 $ 191,853 
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization (115,755) (111,821)
Fixed assets, net 80,410 80,032 
Deferred equity-based compensation(1)
214,023 137,777 
Prepaid expenses 67,491 46,639 
Intangible assets, net 22,656 23,586 
Tax receivables 27,494 42,979 
Other 47,937 33,950 
Total Other Assets $460,011 $ 364,963 
(1)Deferred equity-based compensation relates to the value of equity-based awards that have been or are expected to be granted in connection with the settlement of certain profit sharing arrangements. A corresponding amount for awards expected to be granted of $194.8 million and $114.6 million, as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, is included in other liabilities on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Depreciation expense was $3.9 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is presented as a component of general, administrative and other expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
8. LEASES
Apollo has operating leases for office space, data centers, and certain equipment under various lease agreements.
The table below presents operating lease expenses:
  For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
  2021 2020
Operating lease cost $ 10,484  $ 12,362 
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases:
  For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
  2021 2020
Operating cash flows for operating leases $ 7,555  $ 10,650 

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
As of March 31, 2021, the Company’s total lease payments by maturity are presented in the following table:
  Operating Lease Payments
Remaining 2021 $ 29,820 
2022 39,473 
2023 34,952 
2024 31,284 
2025 28,989 
Thereafter 241,481 
Total lease payments $ 405,999 
Less imputed interest (72,329)
Present value of lease payments $ 333,670 
The Company has undiscounted future operating lease payments of $260.6 million related to leases that have not commenced that were entered into as of March 31, 2021. Such lease payments are not yet included in the table above or the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition as lease assets and lease liabilities. These operating leases are anticipated to commence by 2022 with lease terms of approximately 15 years.
Supplemental information related to leases is as follows:
As of
March 31, 2021
As of
March 31, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) 13.3 12.3
Weighted average discount rate 3.1  % 3.2  %
9. INCOME TAXES
The Company’s income tax (provision) benefit totaled $(203.2) million and $295.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate was 11.8% and 11.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Under U.S. GAAP, a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Based upon the Company’s review of its federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns and tax filing positions, the Company determined that no material unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions were required to be recorded. In addition, the Company does not believe that it has any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that it will be required to record significant amounts of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.
The primary jurisdictions in which the Company operates are the United States and the United Kingdom. There are no unremitted earnings with respect to the United Kingdom and other foreign entities.
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by federal, state, local and foreign tax authorities. As of March 31, 2021, the Company’s U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns for the years 2017 through 2019 are open under the general statute of limitations provisions and therefore subject to examination. Currently, the Internal Revenue Service is examining the tax return of a subsidiary for the 2011 tax year. The State and City of New York are examining certain subsidiaries’ tax returns for tax years 2011 to 2018. The United Kingdom and India tax authorities are currently examining certain subsidiaries’ tax returns for tax year 2017. No provisions with respect to these examinations have been recorded.
The Company records deferred tax assets as a result of the step-up in the tax basis of assets and intangibles resulting from exchanges of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock by the Managing and Contributing Partners. A related liability is recorded in due to related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition for the expected payments under the tax receivable agreement entered into by and among APO Corp., the Managing Partners, the Contributing Partners, and other parties thereto (as amended, the “tax receivable agreement”) (see note 14). The benefit the Company obtains from the difference in the tax asset recognized and the related liability results in an increase to additional paid in capital. The
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
amortization period for the portion of the increase in tax basis related to intangibles is 15 years. The realization of the remaining portion of the increase in tax basis relates to the disposition of the underlying assets to which the step-up is attributed. The associated deferred tax assets reverse at the time of the corresponding asset disposition.
The table below presents the impact to the deferred tax asset, tax receivable agreement liability and additional paid in capital related to the exchange of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock.
Exchange of AOG Units
for Class A Common Stock
Increase in Deferred Tax Asset Increase in Tax Receivable Agreement Liability Increase to Additional Paid In Capital
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 $ 30,295  $ 25,558  $ 4,737 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 $ 76,580  $ 62,531  $ 14,049 
On March 27, 2020, the U.S. federal government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The CARES Act is an emergency economic stimulus package in response to the coronavirus outbreak which, among other things, contains numerous income tax provisions. The provisions of the CARES Act have not had a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
10. DEBT
Debt consisted of the following:
  As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
  Outstanding
Balance
Fair Value Annualized
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
Outstanding
Balance
Fair Value Annualized
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
2024 Senior Notes(1)
$ 497,980  $ 549,035 
(4)
4.00  % $ 497,817  $ 553,633 
(4)
4.00  %
2026 Senior Notes(1)
497,345  565,829 
(4)
4.40  497,217  581,898 
(4)
4.40 
2029 Senior Notes(1)
674,764  774,182 
(4)
4.87  674,757  804,768 
(4)
4.87 
2030 Senior Notes(1)
494,523  492,415 
(4)
2.65  494,375  513,362 
(4)
2.65 
2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes(1)
317,278  363,088 
(5)
4.77  317,042  376,472 
(5)
4.77 
2048 Senior Notes(1)
296,664  349,784 
(4)
5.00  296,633  379,953 
(4)
5.00 
2050 Subordinated Notes(1)
296,586  307,500 
(4)
4.95  296,557  307,500 
(4)
4.95 
Secured Borrowing I(2)
18,750  18,759 
(3)
1.84  19,526  19,527 
(3)
1.84 
Secured Borrowing II(2)
19,941  19,916 
(3)
1.70  20,767  20,773 
(3)
1.71 
2016 AMI Term Facility I(2)
19,789  19,789 
(3)
1.30  20,608  20,608 
(3)
1.30 
2016 AMI Term Facility II(2)
19,130  19,130 
(3)
1.40  19,922  19,922 
(3)
1.40 
Total Debt $ 3,152,750  $ 3,479,427  $ 3,155,221  $ 3,598,416 
(1)Includes amortization of note discount, as applicable. Outstanding balance is presented net of unamortized debt issuance costs:
As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
2024 Senior Notes $ 1,703  $ 1,841 
2026 Senior Notes 2,428  2,545 
2029 Senior Notes 5,120  5,282 
2030 Senior Notes 4,120  4,231 
2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes 7,722  7,958 
2048 Senior Notes 3,044  3,073 
2050 Subordinated Notes 3,414  3,443 
Total $ 27,551  $ 28,373 
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(2)Apollo Management International LLP (“AMI”), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into several credit facilities (collectively referred to as the “AMI Facilities”) to fund the Company’s investment in certain European CLOs it manages:
Facility Date Loan Amount
Secured Borrowing I December 19, 2019 15,984 
Secured Borrowing II March 5, 2020 17,000 
2016 AMI Term Facility I January 18, 2016 16,870 
2016 AMI Term Facility II June 22, 2016 16,308 
The Secured Borrowings consist of obligations through repurchase agreements redeemable at maturity with third party lenders. The weighted average remaining maturity of Secured Borrowing I and II is 10.4 years.
(3)Fair value is based on obtained broker quotes. These notes are classified as a Level III liability within the fair value hierarchy based on the number and quality of broker quotes obtained, the standard deviations of the observed broker quotes and the percentage deviation from external pricing services. For instances where broker quotes are not available, a discounted cash flow method is used to obtain a fair value.
(4)Fair value is based on obtained broker quotes. These notes are classified as a Level II liability within the fair value hierarchy based on the number and quality of broker quotes obtained, the standard deviations of the observed broker quotes and the percentage deviation from external pricing services.
(5)Fair value is based on a discounted cash flow method. These notes are classified as a Level III liability within the fair value hierarchy.
AMH Credit Facility—On November 23, 2020, AMH as borrower (the “Borrower”) entered into a new credit agreement (the “AMH Credit Facility”) with the lenders and issuing banks party thereto and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders. The AMH Credit Facility refinanced the 2018 AMH Credit Facility listed below. The AMH Credit Facility provides for a $750 million revolving credit facility to the Borrower with a final maturity date of November 23, 2025. The AMH Credit Facility is to remain available until its maturity, and any undrawn revolving commitments bear a commitment fee. The interest rate on the AMH Credit Facility is based on adjusted London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and the applicable margin as of March 31, 2021 was 1.00%. The commitment fee on the $750 million undrawn AMH Credit Facility as of March 31, 2021 was 0.09%.
Borrowings under the AMH Credit Facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, permitted acquisitions. The Borrower may incur incremental facilities in respect of the AMH Credit Facility in an aggregate amount not to exceed $250 million plus additional amounts so long as the Borrower is in compliance with a net leverage ratio not to exceed 4.00 to 1.00. As of March 31, 2021, the AMH Credit Facility was undrawn.
2018 AMH Credit Facility—On July 11, 2018, AMH as borrower (the “Borrower”) entered into a credit agreement (the “2018 AMH Credit Facility”) with the lenders and issuing banks party thereto and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders. The AMH Credit Facility refinanced the 2018 AMH Credit Facility at substantially the same terms. The 2018 AMH Credit Facility and all related loan documents were terminated as of November 23, 2020.
2024 Senior Notes—On May 30, 2014, AMH issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.000% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.722% of par. Interest on the 2024 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year. The 2024 Senior Notes will mature on May 30, 2024. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2024 Senior Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2024 Senior Notes for the face amount of $500 million.
2026 Senior Notes—On May 27, 2016, AMH issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.400% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.912% of par. Interest on the 2026 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 27 and November 27 of each year. The 2026 Senior Notes will mature on May 27, 2026. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2026 Senior Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2026 Senior Notes for the face amount of $500 million.
2029 Senior Notes—On February 7, 2019, AMH issued $550 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.872% Senior Notes due 2029, at an issue price of 99.999% of par. On June 11, 2019, AMH issued an additional $125 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.872% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Additional Notes”), at an issue price of 104.812% of par. The Additional Notes constitute a single class of securities with the previously issued senior notes due 2029 (collectively, the “2029 Senior Notes”). Interest on the 2029 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The 2029 Senior Notes will mature on February 15, 2029. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2029 Senior Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2029 Senior Notes for the face amount of $675 million.
2030 Senior Notes—On June 5, 2020, AMH issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of its 2.65% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.704% of par. Interest on the 2030 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 5 and December 5 of each year. The 2030 Senior Notes will mature on June 5, 2030. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2030 Senior Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2030 Senior Notes for the face amount of $500 million.
2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes—On June 10, 2019, APH Finance 1, LLC (the “Issuer”), a subsidiary of the Company, issued $325 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.77% Series A Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes due 2039 (the “2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes”). The 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes are secured by a lien on the Issuer’s and the guarantors’ participation interests in the rights to distributions in relation to a portfolio of equity investments owned by affiliates of the Company in certain existing and future funds managed or advised by subsidiaries of the Company. Interest on the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes is payable on a quarterly basis. The 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes will mature in July 2039, but, unless prepaid to the extent permitted under the indenture governing the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes, the anticipated repayment date will be in July 2029. If the Issuer has not repaid or refinanced the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes prior to the anticipated repayment date an additional 5.0% per annum will accrue on the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes. The issuance costs are amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the expected term of the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes.
2048 Senior Notes—On March 15, 2018, AMH issued $300 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.000% Senior Notes due 2048 (the “2048 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.892% of par. Interest on the 2048 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The 2048 Senior Notes will mature on March 15, 2048. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2048 Senior Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2048 Senior Notes for the face amount of $300 million.
2050 Subordinated Notes—On December 17, 2019, AMH issued $300 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.950% Fixed-Rate Resettable Subordinated Notes due 2050 (the “2050 Subordinated Notes”), at an issue price of 100.000% of par. Interest on the 2050 Subordinated Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 17 and December 17 of each year. The 2050 Subordinated Notes will mature on January 14, 2050. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2050 Subordinated Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2050 Subordinated Notes for the face amount of $300 million.
As of March 31, 2021, the indentures governing the 2024 Senior Notes, the 2026 Senior Notes, the 2029 Senior Notes, the 2030 Senior Notes, the 2048 Senior Notes and the 2050 Subordinated Notes (the “Indentures”) include covenants that restrict the ability of AMH and, as applicable, the guarantors of the notes under the Indentures to incur indebtedness secured by liens on voting stock or profit participating equity interests of their respective subsidiaries, or merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or lease assets. The Indentures also provide for customary events of default.
As of March 31, 2021, the indenture governing the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes includes a series of covenants and restrictions customary for transactions of this type, including covenants that (i) require the Issuer to maintain specified reserve accounts to be used to make required payments in respect of the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes, (ii) relate to prepayments and related payments of specified amounts, including specified make-whole payments under certain circumstances and (iii) relate to recordkeeping, access to information and similar matters.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table presents the interest expense incurred related to the Company’s debt:
  For the Three Months Ended March 31,
  2021 2020
Interest Expense:(1)
2018 AMH Credit Facility —  314 
AMH Credit Facility 321  — 
2024 Senior Notes 5,163  5,163 
2026 Senior Notes 5,628  5,628 
2029 Senior Notes 8,229  8,229 
2030 Senior Notes 3,460  — 
2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes 4,111  4,111 
2048 Senior Notes 3,781  3,781 
2050 Subordinated Notes 3,742  3,744 
AMI Term Facilities/ Secured Borrowings 364  272 
Total Interest Expense $ 34,799  $ 31,242 
(1)Debt issuance costs incurred are amortized into interest expense over the term of the debt arrangement, as applicable.
11. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK
The table below presents basic and diluted net income per share of Class A Common Stock using the two-class method:
  Basic and Diluted
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Numerator:
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. Class A Common Stockholders $ 669,726  $ (1,005,382)
Dividends declared on Class A Common Stock(1)
(139,180) (205,602)
Dividends on participating securities(2)
(5,102) (7,247)
Earnings allocable to participating securities (19,193) — 
(3)
Undistributed income (loss) attributable to Class A Common Stockholders: Basic 506,251  (1,218,231)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding: Basic and Diluted 230,003,502  226,757,519 
Net Income per share of Class A Common Stock: Basic and Diluted(4)
Distributed Income $ 0.60  $ 0.89 
Undistributed Income (Loss) 2.21  (5.36)
Net Income (Loss) per share of Class A Common Stock: Basic and Diluted $ 2.81     $ (4.47)
(1)See note 13 for information regarding the quarterly dividends declared and paid during 2021 and 2020.
(2)Participating securities consist of vested and unvested RSUs that have rights to dividends and unvested restricted shares.
(3)No allocation of undistributed losses was made to the participating securities as the holders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company with Class A Common Stockholders.
(4)For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, all of the classes of securities were determined to be anti-dilutive.
The Company has granted RSUs that provide the right to receive, subject to vesting during continued employment, shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Equity Plan. The Company has three types of RSU grants, which we refer to as Plan Grants, Bonus Grants and Performance Grants. “Plan Grants” vest over time (generally one to six years) and may or may not provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on vested RSUs on an equal basis with the Class A Common Stockholders any time a dividend is declared. “Bonus Grants” vest over time (generally three years) and generally provide the
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
right to receive dividend equivalents on both vested and unvested RSUs on an equal basis with the Class A Common Stockholders any time a dividend is declared. “Performance Grants” generally vest over time (three to five years), subject to the Company’s receipt of performance revenues, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. Performance Grants provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on vested RSUs and may also provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on unvested RSUs.
Any dividend equivalent paid to an employee will not be returned to the Company upon forfeiture of the award by the employee. Vested and unvested RSUs that are entitled to non-forfeitable dividend equivalents qualify as participating securities and are included in the Company’s basic and diluted earnings per share computations using the two-class method. The holder of an RSU participating security would have a contractual obligation to share in the losses of the entity if the holder is obligated to fund the losses of the issuing entity or if the contractual principal or mandatory redemption amount of the participating security is reduced as a result of losses incurred by the issuing entity. The RSU participating securities do not have a mandatory redemption amount and the holders of the participating securities are not obligated to fund losses; therefore, neither the vested RSUs nor the unvested RSUs are subject to any contractual obligation to share in losses of the Company.
Certain holders of AOG Units are subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in the agreements with the respective holders and may, upon notice (subject to the terms of an exchange agreement), exchange their AOG Units for shares of Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. An AOG Unit holder must exchange one unit in each of the Apollo Operating Group partnerships or limited liability companies to effectuate an exchange for one share of Class A Common Stock.
Apollo Global Management, Inc. has one share of Class B common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of the Company (“Class B Common Stock”) outstanding, which is held by BRH Holdings GP, Ltd. (“BRH”). The voting power of the share of Class B Common Stock is reduced on a one vote per one AOG Unit basis in the event of an exchange of AOG Units for shares of Class A Common Stock, subject to the terms of the AGM Inc. Certificate of Incorporation. The Class B Common Stock has no net income (loss) per share as it does not participate in Apollo’s earnings (losses) or dividends. The Class B Common Stock has no dividend rights and only a de minimis liquidation right. The Class B Common Stock represented 46.6% and 47.2% of the total voting power of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock with respect to the limited matters upon which they were entitled to vote together as a single class pursuant to the Company’s governing documents as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The following table summarizes the anti-dilutive securities.
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Weighted average vested RSUs
1,045,391  1,415,288 
Weighted average unvested RSUs 6,970,110  7,088,007 
Weighted average AOG Units outstanding(1)
173,821,650  187,172,974 
Weighted average unvested restricted shares 704,945  1,179,522 
(1)Excludes AOG Units owned by Athene. Athene can only redeem their AOG Units by selling to Apollo or to a different buyer with Apollo’s agreement as detailed in the Liquidity Agreement (see note 15). As these AOG Units are not convertible into shares of Class A Common Stock, they are excluded when calculating diluted net income per share.
12. EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION
Equity-based awards granted to employees and non-employees as compensation are measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. Equity-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards) are expensed immediately. Equity-based employee awards that require future service are expensed over the relevant service period. Equity-based awards that require performance metrics to be met are expensed only when the performance metric is met or deemed probable.
RSUs
The Company grants RSUs under the Equity Plan. The fair value of all grants is based on the grant date fair value, which considers the public share price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock subject to certain discounts, as applicable. The following table summarizes the weighted average discounts for Plan Grants, Bonus Grants and Performance Grants.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The estimated total grant date fair value for Plan Grants and Bonus Grants is charged to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, which for Plan Grants is generally one to six years, with the first installment vesting one year after grant and quarterly vesting thereafter, and for Bonus Grants is generally annual vesting over three years.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, the Company awarded Performance Grants of 1.1 million and 1.4 million RSUs to certain employees with a grant date fair value of $48.8 million and $58.6 million, respectively, which vest subject to continued employment and the Company’s receipt of performance revenues, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company modified Plan Grants of 0.5 million RSUs with a grant date fair value of $15.6 million to Performance Grants of 0.5 million RSUs, respectively. The modification did not result in a change to the grant date fair value of the awards, as performance conditions that impact vesting are not considered in the determination of the fair value of an award and the award is otherwise expected to vest under the original terms. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, equity-based compensation expense for these and other Performance Grants will be recognized on an accelerated recognition method over the requisite service period to the extent the performance revenue metrics are met or deemed probable.
Additionally, the Company entered into an agreement in 2018 with several employees under which RSUs would be granted starting in 2020 if year-over-year growth in certain discretionary earnings metrics were attained prior to grant and they remained employed at the grant date. Once granted, the awards vest subject to continued employment and the Company’s receipt of performance revenues sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. In connection with these agreements, the Company granted 0.2 million RSUs with a grant date fair value of $7.5 million that were partially vested and fully expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
The following table summarizes the equity-based compensation expense recognized relating to Performance Grants:
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Equity-based compensation $ 26,377  $ 28,864 
The fair value of all RSU grants made during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $150.3 million and $146.6 million, respectively.
The following table presents the actual forfeiture rates and equity-based compensation expense recognized:
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Actual forfeiture rate 0.5  % 0.6  %
Equity-based compensation 45,105  45,518 
The following table summarizes RSU activity:
Unvested Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Vested Total Number of RSUs Outstanding
Balance at January 1, 2021 8,978,393  $ 31.89  1,833,332  10,811,725 
(1)
Granted 3,151,584  47.71  —  3,151,584 
Forfeited (57,356) $ 42.21  —  (57,356)
Vested (683,652) 32.84  683,652  — 
Issued —  $ —  (2,363,605) (2,363,605)
Balance at March 31, 2021 11,388,969  (2) $ 36.16  153,379  11,542,348 
(1)
(1)Amount excludes RSUs which have vested and have been issued in the form of Class A Common Stock.
(2)Includes 7,082,565 Performance Grant RSUs, 3,353,017 Bonus Grant RSUs and 953,387 Plan Grant RSUs.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
As of March 31, 2021, there was $266.3 million of total unrecognized equity-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average term of 2.4 years.
Equity-Based Compensation Allocation
Equity-based compensation is allocated based on ownership interests. Therefore, the amortization of equity-based compensation is allocated to stockholders’ equity attributable to AGM Inc. and the Non-Controlling Interests, which results in a difference in the amounts charged to equity-based compensation expense and the amounts credited to stockholders’ equity attributable to AGM Inc. in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Below is a reconciliation of the equity-based compensation allocated to AGM Inc.:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Total Amount Non-Controlling Interest % in Apollo Operating Group
Allocated to Non-Controlling Interest in Apollo Operating Group(1)
Allocated to Apollo Global Management, Inc.
RSUs, share options and restricted share awards $ 48,767  —  % $ —  $ 48,767 
Other equity-based compensation awards 7,681  46.5  3,572  4,109 
Total equity-based compensation $ 56,448  3,572  52,876 
Less other equity-based compensation awards(2)
(3,572) (7,593)
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation $ —  $ 45,283 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Total Amount Non-Controlling Interest % in Apollo Operating Group
Allocated to Non-Controlling Interest in Apollo Operating Group(1)
Allocated to Apollo Global Management, Inc.
RSUs, share options and restricted share awards $ 53,533  —  % $ —  $ 53,533 
AHL Awards (454) 47.1  (214) (240)
Other equity-based compensation awards (957) 47.1  (452) (505)
Total equity-based compensation $ 52,122  (666) 52,788 
Less other equity-based compensation awards(2)
666  (7,097)
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation $ —  $ 45,691 
(1)Calculated based on average ownership percentage for the period considering issuances of Class A shares or Class A Common Stock, as applicable, during the period.
(2)Includes equity-based compensation reimbursable by certain funds.
13. EQUITY
Common Stock
Holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to participate in dividends from the Company on a pro rata basis. As of March 31, 2021, the holders of Class A Common Stock had limited voting rights.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company issued shares of Class A Common Stock in settlement of vested RSUs. The Company has generally allowed holders of vested RSUs and exercised share options to settle their tax liabilities by reducing the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued to them, which the Company refers to as “net share settlement.” Additionally, the Company has generally allowed holders of share options to settle their exercise price by reducing the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued to them at the time of exercise by an amount sufficient to cover the exercise price. The net share settlement results in a liability for the Company and a corresponding accumulated deficit adjustment.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
In January 2019, Apollo increased its authorized share repurchase amount by $250 million, bringing the total authorized repurchase amount to $500 million. On March 12, 2020, Apollo announced that the executive committee of the Company’s board of directors approved a new share repurchase authorization that allows the Company to repurchase up to $500 million of its Class A common stock. This new authorization increased the Company’s capacity to repurchase shares from $80 million of unused capacity under the Company’s previously approved the share repurchase plan authorization. The share repurchase plan authorization may be used to repurchase outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock as well as to reduce the number of shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued to employees to satisfy associated tax obligations in connection with the settlement of equity-based awards granted under the Equity Plan (or any successor equity plan thereto). Shares of Class A Common Stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to a trading plan adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise, with the size and timing of these repurchases depending on legal requirements, price, market and economic conditions and other factors. Apollo is not obligated under the terms of the program to repurchase any of its shares of Class A Common Stock. The repurchase program has no expiration date and may be suspended or terminated by the Company at any time without prior notice.
The table below summarizes the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock for equity-based awards:
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Shares of Class A Common Stock issued in settlement of vested RSUs and share options exercised(1)
2,363,605  3,691,819 
Reduction of shares of Class A Common Stock issued(2)
(943,997) (1,524,189)
Shares of Class A Common Stock purchased related to share issuances and forfeitures(3)
—  628,657 
Issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock for equity-based awards 1,419,608  2,796,287 
(1)The gross value of shares issued was $120.3 million and $169.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, based on the closing price of a Class A Common Stock at the time of issuance.
(2)Cash paid for tax liabilities associated with net share settlement was $48.1 million and $69.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3)Certain Apollo employees receive a portion of the profit sharing proceeds of certain funds in the form of (a) restricted Class A Common Stock of AGM that they are required to purchase with such proceeds or (b) RSUs, in each case which equity-based awards generally vest over three years. These equity-based awards are granted under the Company's 2007 Equity Plan. To prevent dilution on account of these awards, Apollo may, in its discretion, repurchase Class A Common Stock on the open market and retire them. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we issued 0 and 636,314 of such restricted shares and 269,641 and 139,455 of such RSUs under the 2007 Equity Plan, respectively, and repurchased 0 and 0 Class A Common Stock in open-market transactions not pursuant to a publicly-announced repurchase plan or program, respectively. In addition, there were 0 and 7,657 restricted shares forfeited during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company did not repurchase any shares of Class A Common Stock in open market transactions as part of the publicly announced share repurchase program discussed above. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, 2,194,095 shares of Class A Common Stock were repurchased in open market transactions and such shares were subsequently canceled by the Company. The Company paid $64.2 million for these open market share repurchases during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Preferred Stock Issuance
On March 7, 2017, Apollo issued 11,000,000 6.375% Series A Preferred shares (the “Series A Preferred shares”) for gross proceeds of $275.0 million, or $264.4 million net of issuance costs and on March 19, 2018, Apollo issued 12,000,000 6.375% Series B Preferred shares (the “Series B Preferred shares” and collectively with the Series A Preferred shares, the “Preferred shares”) for gross proceeds of $300.0 million, or $289.8 million net of issuance costs.
As a result of the conversion to a corporation, (i) each Series A Preferred share representing limited liability company interests of Apollo Global Management, LLC (“AGM LLC”) outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the conversion converted into one issued and outstanding, fully paid and nonassessable share of Series A Preferred Stock, having a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, of the Company and (ii) each Series B Preferred share representing limited liability company interests of AGM LLC outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the conversion converted into one issued and outstanding, fully paid and nonassessable share of Series B Preferred Stock, having a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, of the Company (the Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock collectively, the “Preferred Stock”).
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
When, as and if declared by the executive committee of the board of directors of AGM Inc., dividends on the Preferred Stock will be payable quarterly on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2018 for the Series B Preferred Stock, at a rate per annum equal to 6.375%. Dividends on the Preferred Stock are discretionary and non-cumulative. During 2020, quarterly cash dividends were $0.398438 per share of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock.
Subject to certain exceptions, unless dividends have been declared and paid or declared and set apart for payment on the Preferred Stock for a quarterly dividend period, during the remainder of that dividend period Apollo may not declare or pay or set apart payment for dividends on any shares of Class A Common Stock or any other equity securities that the Company may issue in the future ranking as to the payment of dividends, junior to the Preferred Stock (“Junior Stock”) and Apollo may not repurchase any Junior Stock. These restrictions were not applicable during the initial dividend period, which was the period from March 19, 2018 to but excluding June 15, 2018 for the Series B Preferred Stock.
The Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock may be redeemed at Apollo’s option, in whole or in part, at any time on or after March 15, 2022 and March 15, 2023, respectively, at a price of $25.00 per share of Preferred Stock, plus declared and unpaid dividends to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared dividends. Holders of the Preferred Stock will have no right to require the redemption of the Preferred Stock and there is no maturity date.
If a certain change of control event or a certain tax redemption event occurs prior to March 15, 2022 and March 15, 2023 for the Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock, respectively, the Preferred Stock may be redeemed at Apollo’s option, in whole but not in part, upon at least 30 days’ notice, within 60 days of the occurrence of such change of control event or such tax redemption event, as applicable, at a price of $25.25 per share of Preferred Stock, plus declared and unpaid dividends to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared dividends. If a certain rating agency event occurs prior to March 15, 2023, the Series B Preferred Stock may be redeemed at Apollo’s option, in whole but not in part, upon at least 30 days’ notice, within 60 days of the occurrence of such rating agency event, at a price of $25.50 per share of Series B Preferred Stock, plus declared and unpaid dividends to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared dividends. If (i) a change of control event occurs (whether before, on or after March 15, 2022 and March 15, 2023 for the Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock, respectively) and (ii) Apollo does not give notice prior to the 31st day following the change of control event to redeem all the outstanding Preferred Stock, the dividend rate per annum on the Preferred Stock will increase by 5.00%, beginning on the 31st day following such change of control event.
The Preferred Stock are not convertible into Class A Common Stock and have no voting rights, except in limited circumstances as provided in the Company’s certificate of incorporation. In connection with the issuance of the Preferred Stock, certain Apollo Operating Group entities issued for the benefit of Apollo a series of preferred units with economic terms that mirror those of the Preferred Stock.
Dividends and Distributions
The table below presents information regarding the quarterly dividends and distributions which were made at the sole discretion of the executive committee of the board of directors (in millions, except per share data). Certain subsidiaries of AGM Inc. may be subject to U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income taxes at the entity level and may pay taxes and/or make payments under the tax receivable agreement in a given fiscal year; therefore, the net amounts ultimately distributed by AGM Inc. to its Class A Common Stockholders in respect of each fiscal year are generally expected to be less than the net amounts distributed to AOG Unitholders.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Dividend Declaration Date Dividend per share of Class A Common Stock Payment Date Dividend to Class A Common Stockholders Distribution to Non-Controlling Interest Holders in the Apollo Operating Group Total Distributions from Apollo Operating Group Distribution Equivalents on Participating Securities
January 30, 2020 $ 0.89  February 28, 2020 $ 205.6  $ 155.6  $ 361.2  $ 7.2 
N/A —  April 15, 2020 —  43.0 
(1)
43.0  — 
May 1, 2020 0.42 May 29, 2020 96.2  85.7  181.9  3.6 
July 30, 2020 0.49 August 31, 2020 112.1  100.0  212.1  4.0 
October 29, 2020 $ 0.51  November 30, 2020 116.7  $ 104.0  $ 220.7  $ 4.1 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 $ 2.31  $ 530.6  $ 488.3  $ 1,018.9  $ 18.9 
February 03, 2021 $ 0.60  February 26, 2021 139.2  121.4  260.6  5.1 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 $ 0.60  $ 139.2  $ 121.4  $ 260.6  $ 5.1 
(1)    On April 15, 2020 the Company made $0.21 per AOG Unit pro rata distribution, respectively, to the Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group, in connection with taxes and payments made under the tax receivable agreement. See note 14 for more information regarding the tax receivable agreement.
Non-Controlling Interests
As discussed in note 1, Athene Holding acquired 29,154,519 non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group, which as of March 31, 2021 represented a 6.7% economic interest in the Apollo Operating Group. The table below presents equity interests in Apollo’s consolidated, but not wholly-owned, subsidiaries and funds. Net income and comprehensive income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests consisted of the following: 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
  2021 2020
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities:
Interest in management companies and a co-investment vehicle(1)
$ 1,280  $ 247 
Other consolidated entities 69,298  (164,656)
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities $ 70,578  $ (164,409)
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the Apollo Operating Group:
Net income (loss) $ 1,518,503  $ (2,283,843)
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities (70,578) 164,409 
Net income (loss) after Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities 1,447,925  (2,119,434)
Adjustments:
Income tax provision (benefit)(2)
203,246  (295,853)
NYC UBT and foreign tax benefit(3)
(5,754) (7,462)
Net income (loss) in non-Apollo Operating Group entities (1,249)
Series A Preferred Stock Dividends (4,383) (4,383)
Series B Preferred Stock Dividends (4,781) (4,781)
Total adjustments 187,079  (312,471)
Net income (loss) after adjustments 1,635,004  (2,431,905)
Weighted average ownership percentage of Apollo Operating Group 46.7  % 46.2  %
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group $ 769,035  $ (1,123,216)
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests $ 839,613  $ (1,287,625)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests (13,764) (7,041)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests $ 825,849  $ (1,294,666)
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(1)Reflects the remaining interest held by certain individuals who receive an allocation of income from certain of the credit funds managed by Apollo.
(2)Reflects all taxes recorded in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Of this amount, U.S. federal, state, and local corporate income taxes attributable to AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries are added back to income of the Apollo Operating Group before calculating Non-Controlling Interests as the income allocable to the Apollo Operating Group is not subject to such taxes.
(3)Reflects New York City Unincorporated Business Tax (“NYC UBT”) and foreign taxes that are attributable to the Apollo Operating Group and its subsidiaries related to its operations in the U.S. as partnerships and in non-U.S. jurisdictions as corporations. As such, these amounts are considered in the income attributable to the Apollo Operating Group.
14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND INTERESTS IN CONSOLIDATED ENTITIES
Management fees, transaction and advisory fees and reimbursable expenses from the funds the Company manages and their portfolio companies are included in due from related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company also typically facilitates the payment of certain operating costs incurred by the funds that it manages as well as their related parties. These costs are normally reimbursed by such funds and are included in due from related parties. Other related party transactions include loans to employees and periodic sales of ownership interests in Apollo funds to employees. Due from related parties and due to related parties are comprised of the following:
As of
March 31, 2021
As of
December 31, 2020
Due from Related Parties:
Due from credit funds $ 187,044  $ 183,992 
Due from private equity funds 25,528  21,169 
Due from real assets funds 33,002  28,231 
Due from portfolio companies 87,507  80,122 
Due from Contributing Partners, employees and former employees 101,628  148,869 
Total Due from Related Parties $ 434,709  $ 462,383 
Due to Related Parties:
Due to Managing Partners and Contributing Partners $ 333,848  $ 310,230 
Due to credit funds 35,590  34,280 
Due to private equity funds 108,735  216,899 
Due to real assets funds 41,784  47,060 
Total Due to Related Parties $ 519,957  $ 608,469 
Tax Receivable Agreement
Subject to certain restrictions, each of the Managing Partners and Contributing Partners has the right to exchange his vested AOG Units for the Company’s Class A Common Stock. All Operating Group entities have made, or will make, an election under Section 754 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), which will result in an adjustment to the tax basis of the assets owned by the Apollo Operating Group at the time of the exchange. These exchanges will result in increases in the basis of underlying assets that will reduce the amount of tax that AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries will otherwise be required to pay in the future.
The tax receivable agreement provides for the payment to the Managing Partners and Contributing Partners of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes that AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries realizes as a result of the increases in tax basis of assets that resulted from the 2007 Reorganization, the Conversion, and other exchanges of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock that have occurred in prior years. AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries retain the benefit from the remaining 15% of actual cash tax savings. If the Company does not make the required annual payment on a timely basis as outlined in the tax receivable agreement, interest is accrued on the balance until the payment date.
As a result of the exchanges of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, a $25.6 million and $62.5 million liability was recorded, respectively, to estimate the amount of the future expected payments to be made by AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries to the Managing Partners and Contributing Partners pursuant to the tax receivable agreement.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Pursuant to the binding governance term sheet the Company entered into with the Managing Partners, all AOG Units beneficially owned by each holder of AOG Units (other than Athene) will be transferred to a wholly-owned subsidiary of a newly formed holding company (“NewCo”) and one or more of its affiliates in a series of transactions in exchange for (i) such number of shares of Class A common stock of NewCo equal to the aggregate number of AOG Units beneficially owned by such AOG Unit owners as of immediately prior to the mandatory exchange (such AOG Units, the “Outstanding AOG Units”) and (ii) an aggregate amount in cash equal to the product of (a) number of Outstanding AOG Units multiplied by (b) $3.66, payable over a period of four years in equal quarterly installments (the “AOG Unit Payment”); provided, however, that in the event that the Company consummates the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement simultaneously with the mandatory exchange, the AOG Unit Payment will be payable over the period between the date on which the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are consummated and the third anniversary of the Mandatory Exchange Date in equal quarterly installments (such transactions collectively, the “mandatory exchange”).
The term sheet also states that the tax receivable agreement will not be applicable for the mandatory exchange, but will remain in effect for any exchanges occurring prior to the mandatory exchange date.
Due from Contributing Partners, Employees and Former Employees
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, due from Contributing Partners, Employees and Former Employees includes various amounts due to the Company including employee loans and return of profit sharing distributions. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balance included interest-bearing employee loans receivable of $17.1 million and $17.5 million, respectively. The outstanding principal amount of the loans as well as all accrued and unpaid interest is required to be repaid at the earlier of the eighth anniversary of the date of the relevant loan or at the date of the relevant employee’s resignation from the Company.
The Company recorded a receivable from the Contributing Partners and certain employees and former employees for the potential return of profit sharing distributions that would be due if certain funds were liquidated as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 of $75.7 million and $124.1 million, respectively.
Indemnity
Performance revenues from certain funds can be distributed to the Company on a current basis, but are subject to repayment by the subsidiaries of the Apollo Operating Group that act as general partners of the funds in the event that certain specified return thresholds are not ultimately achieved. The Managing Partners, Contributing Partners and certain other investment professionals have personally guaranteed, subject to certain limitations, the obligations of these subsidiaries in respect of this general partner obligation. Such guarantees are several and not joint and are limited to a particular Managing Partner’s or Contributing Partner’s distributions. Pursuant to an existing shareholders agreement, the Company has agreed to indemnify each of the Company’s Managing Partners and certain Contributing Partners against all amounts that they pay pursuant to any of these personal guarantees in favor of certain funds that the Company manages (including costs and expenses related to investigating the basis for or objecting to any claims made in respect of the guarantees) for all interests that the Company’s Managing Partners and Contributing Partners have contributed or sold to the Apollo Operating Group.
Accordingly, in the event that the Company’s Managing Partners, Contributing Partners and certain investment professionals are required to pay amounts in connection with a general partner obligation for the return of previously made distributions with respect to Fund IV, Fund V and Fund VI, the Company will be obligated to reimburse the Company’s Managing Partners and certain Contributing Partners for the indemnifiable percentage of amounts that they are required to pay even though the Company did not receive the certain distribution to which that general partner obligation related. The Company recorded an indemnification liability of $12.8 million and $12.8 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Due to Credit, Private Equity and Real Assets Funds
Based upon an assumed liquidation of certain of the credit, private equity and real assets funds the Company manages, the Company has recorded a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations, which represents amounts due to these funds. The general partner obligation is recognized based upon an assumed liquidation of a fund’s net assets as of the reporting date. The actual determination and any required payment of any such general partner obligation would not take place until the final disposition of a fund’s investments based on the contractual termination of the fund or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement or other governing document of the fund.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table presents the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations related to certain funds by segment:
As of
March 31, 2021
As of
December 31, 2020
Credit $ —  $ — 
Private Equity 107,383  215,011 
Real Assets 41,608  46,860 
Total general partner obligation $ 148,991  $ 261,871 
Athene
Athene Holding, through its subsidiaries, is a leading retirement services company that issues, reinsures and acquires retirement savings products designed for the increasing number of individuals and institutions seeking to fund retirement needs. The products and services offered by Athene include fixed and fixed indexed annuity products, reinsurance services offered to third-party annuity providers; and institutional products, such as funding agreements. Athene Holding is currently listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “ATH”.
The Company provides asset management and advisory services to Athene, including asset allocation services, direct asset management services, asset and liability matching management, mergers and acquisitions, asset diligence hedging and other asset management services. On September 20, 2018, Athene and Apollo agreed to revise the existing fee arrangements (the “amended fee agreement”) between Athene and Apollo. The Company began recording fees pursuant to the amended fee agreement on January 1, 2019. The amended fee agreement provides for sub-allocation fees which vary based on portfolio allocation differentiation, as described below.
The amended fee agreement provides for a monthly fee to be payable by Athene to the Company in arrears, with retroactive effect to the month beginning on January 1, 2019, in an amount equal to the following, to the extent not otherwise payable to the Company pursuant to any one or more investment management or sub-advisory agreements or arrangements:
(i)    The Company, through its consolidated subsidiary Apollo Insurance Solutions Group LP, or ISG, earns a base management fee of 0.225% per year on the aggregate market value of substantially all of the assets in substantially all of the investment accounts of or relating to Athene (collectively, the “Athene Accounts”) up to $103.4 billion (the level of assets in the Athene Accounts as of January 1, 2019, excluding certain assets, the “Backbook Value”) and 0.150% per year on all assets in excess of $103.4 billion (the “Incremental Value”), respectively; plus
(ii)    with respect to each asset in an Athene Account, subject to certain exceptions, that is managed by the Company and that belongs to a specified asset class tier (“core,” “core plus,” “yield,” and “high alpha”), a sub-allocation fee as follows, which will, in the case of assets acquired after January 1, 2019, be subject to a cap of 10% of the applicable asset’s gross book yield:
As of
March 31, 2021
Sub-Allocation Fees:
Core Assets(1)
0.065  %
Core Plus Assets(2)
0.130  %
Yield Assets(3)
0.375  %
High Alpha Assets(4)
0.700  %
Other Assets (5)
—  %
(1)Core assets include public investment grade corporate bonds, municipal securities, agency residential or commercial mortgage backed securities and obligations of any governmental agency or government sponsored entity that is not expressly backed by the U.S. government.
(2)Core plus assets include private investment grade corporate bonds, fixed rate first lien commercial mortgage loans and obligations issued or assumed by a financial institution (such an institution, a “financial issuer”) and determined by Apollo to be “Tier 2 Capital” under the Basel III recommendations developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor to such recommendations).
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(3)Yield assets include non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, investment grade collateralized loan obligations, certain asset-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities, emerging market investments, below investment grade corporate bonds, subordinated debt obligations, hybrid securities or surplus notes issued or assumed by a financial issuer, as rated preferred equity, residential mortgage loans, bank loans, investment grade infrastructure debt and certain floating rate commercial mortgage loans.
(4)High alpha assets include subordinated commercial mortgage loans, below investment grade collateralized loan obligations, unrated preferred equity, debt obligations originated by MidCap, below investment grade infrastructure debt, certain loans originated directly by Apollo and agency mortgage derivatives.
(5)Other Assets include cash, treasuries, equities and alternatives. With respect to equities and alternatives, Apollo earns performance revenues of 0% to 20%.
Athene and Apollo Strategic Transaction
On October 28, 2019 Athene Holding, AGM Inc. and the entities that form the Apollo Operating Group entered into a Transaction Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things:
(i) Athene Holding issued, on February 28, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), 35,534,942 Class A common shares of Athene Holding (the “AHL Class A Common Shares”) to certain subsidiaries of the Apollo Operating Group in exchange for (i) issuance by the Apollo Operating Group of 29,154,519 non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group to AHL and (ii) $350 million in cash (“Share Issuance”);
Athene Holding granted to AGM Inc. the right to purchase additional AHL Class A Common Shares from the Closing Date until 180 days thereafter to the extent the issued and outstanding AHL Class A Common Shares beneficially owned by Apollo and certain of its related parties and employees (collectively, the “Apollo Parties”) (inclusive of AHL Class A Common Shares over which any such persons have a valid proxy) do not equal at least 35% of the issued and outstanding AHL Class A Common Shares, on a fully diluted basis;
A representative of the Apollo Operating Group has the right to purchase up to that number of AHL Class A Common Shares that would increase by up to 5% the percentage of the issued and outstanding AHL Class A Common Shares beneficially owned by the Apollo Parties (inclusive of AHL Class A Common Shares over which any such persons have a valid proxy), calculated on a fully diluted basis;
Athene Holding amended and restated its Twelfth Amended and Restated Bye-laws of Athene Holding to, among other items, eliminate Athene Holding’s multi-class share structure (“Multi-Class Share Elimination”). In connection with the Multi-Class Share Elimination, (i) all of the Class B common shares of Athene Holding would be converted into an equal number of AHL Class A Common Shares on a one-for-one basis and (ii) all of the Class M common shares of Athene Holding were converted into a combination of AHL Class A Common Shares and warrants to purchase AHL Class A Common Shares.
On February 28, 2020, Apollo and Athene closed on the strategic transaction discussed above. In connection with the transaction, Apollo purchased a 17% incremental equity stake in Athene at a premium, bringing Apollo’s beneficial ownership in Athene to 28%, or 35% including shares and warrants owned by related parties and employees, on a fully diluted basis. Apollo entered into a lock-up agreement restricting transfers of Apollo’s existing and newly acquired shares of Athene for three years from the Closing Date.
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company held a 28.5% and an 28.5% ownership interest in the AHL Class A Common Shares, respectively.
Liquidity Agreement
In connection with the consummation of the Share Issuance and the Multi-Class Share Elimination, AGM Inc. also entered into a Liquidity Agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, with Athene Holding (the “Liquidity Agreement”), pursuant to which, once each quarter, Athene Holding is entitled to request to sell a number of AOG Units or request AGM Inc. to sell a number of shares of AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock or AOG Units representing at least $50 million, in each case, in exchange for payment of the Cash Amount (as defined below). If Athene Holding intends to exercise such sale request, it will provide a notice of such intent to sell such AOG Units to AGM Inc. Upon receipt of such notice, subject to certain restrictions described below, AGM Inc. will consummate, or, in the case of an AOG Transaction (as defined below), permit the consummation of, one of the following transactions:
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
a transaction whereby AGM Inc. purchases AOG Units from Athene Holding at a price agreed upon, in good faith, by AGM Inc. and Athene Holding (a “Purchase Transaction”);
if Athene Holding and AGM Inc. do not agree to consummate a Purchase Transaction, AGM Inc. will use its best efforts to consummate a public offering of AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock, the proceeds (net of certain commissions, fees and expenses consistent with customary and prevailing market practices for similar offerings) of which will be used to fund the purchase of AOG Units from Athene Holding (a “Registered Sale”);
if AGM Inc. notifies Athene Holding that it cannot consummate a Registered Sale, upon Athene Holding’s request, AGM Inc. will use its best efforts to consummate a sale of AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, the proceeds (net of certain commissions, fees and expenses consistent with customary and prevailing market practices for similar offerings) of which will be used to fund the purchase of AOG Units from Athene Holding (a “Private Placement,” and collectively with a Purchase Transaction and a Registered Sale, a “Sale Transaction”); or
if AGM Inc. elects (in its sole discretion) not to consummate a Sale Transaction, Athene Holding will be permitted to sell AOG Units in one or more transactions that are exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, subject to certain restrictions (an “AOG Transaction”).
For purposes of this description, “Cash Amount” means (i) in the case of a Registered Sale, the cash proceeds that AGM Inc. receives upon the consummation of a Registered Sale after deducting a capped amount of documented commissions, fees and expenses, (ii) in the case of a Purchase Transaction, the cash proceeds to which AGM Inc. and Athene Holding agree, (iii) in the case of a Private Placement, the cash proceeds that AGM Inc. receives upon the consummation of a Private Placement after deducting a capped amount of documented commissions, fees and expenses and (iv) in the case of an AOG Transaction, the cash proceeds to which the purchaser and Athene Holding agree. Each of the Purchase Transaction, Private Placement, Registered Sale and AOG Transaction are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Liquidity Agreement.
In the event that an AOG Transaction is consummated, the buyer of such AOG Units will be prohibited from exchanging such AOG Units into AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock for at least 30 days after such purchase. Athene Holding is prohibited from consummating an AOG Transaction with any purchaser (i) who would, after giving effect to such transfer, own more than 3.5% of the issued and outstanding AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock (on a fully-diluted basis) or (ii) who is a “bad actor” (as defined in Regulation D of the Act) or otherwise a prohibited transferee, as described in the Liquidity Agreement.
Athene Holding’s liquidity rights are subject to certain other limitations and obligations, including that in a Registered Sale or a Private Placement, AGM Inc. will not be required to sell any AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock at a price that is less than 90% of the volume-weighted average price of the AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock for the 10 consecutive business days prior to the day Athene Holding submits a notice for sale of AOG Units.
The Liquidity Agreement also provides that Athene Holding is prohibited from transferring its AOG Units other than to an affiliate or pursuant to the options set forth above. AGM Inc. has the right not to consummate a Registered Sale or a Private Placement if the recipient of the Class A Common Stock would receive more than 2.0% of the outstanding and issued shares of AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock. Additionally, AGM Inc. has the right not to consummate an AOG Transaction if the recipient would, following such AOG Transaction, be the beneficial owner of greater than 3.5% of the AOG Units.
Merger Agreement
On March 8, 2021, AGM Inc. entered into the Merger Agreement with AHL, HoldCo, AHL Merger Sub, and AGM Merger Sub.
The Merger Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, AGM Inc. and AHL will effect an all-stock merger transaction to combine their respective businesses through: (a) the AHL Merger, with AHL as the surviving entity in the AHL Merger and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo and (b) the AGM Merger with AGM as the surviving entity in the AGM Merger and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo. The Mergers are intended to become effective concurrently and, upon the consummation of the Mergers, AGM Inc. and AHL will be direct wholly owned subsidiaries of HoldCo. Following the Mergers and the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, HoldCo will be renamed “Apollo Global Management, Inc.” The transaction is expected to close in January of 2022. The transaction requires the approval of stockholders of both Apollo and AHL, and is subject to, among other things, antitrust and regulatory approvals, and other customary closing conditions.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, which has been approved by the boards of directors of both companies, as well as the conflicts committee of AGM’s board and a special committee of certain disinterested members of the board of directors of AHL, at the effective time of the AHL Merger, each issued and outstanding share of AHL Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“AHL shares”) (other than AHL shares held by AHL as treasury shares (including HoldCo, AHL Merger Sub, AGM Merger Sub and the respective controlled funds of AGM Inc. or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AGM Inc.)), will be converted automatically into the right to receive 1.149 duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of HoldCo (such shares, “HoldCo Shares”) and any cash paid in lieu of fractional HoldCo Shares. The exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted for changes in the market value of the AGM Class A Shares or the AHL Shares. No fractional HoldCo Shares will be issued in connection with the AHL Merger, and AHL’s shareholders will receive cash in lieu of any fractional HoldCo Shares.
Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the AGM Merger, each issued and outstanding share of AGM Inc. Class A shares (other than Class A shares (a) held by AGM Inc. as treasury shares or (b) by AGM Merger Sub or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AGM Inc.) will be converted automatically into one (1) HoldCo Share.
At the effective time of the AGM Merger, each of the issued and outstanding series of preferred shares of AGM Inc. will remain issued and outstanding as preferred shares of the AGM Surviving Entity, and at the effective time of the AHL Merger, each of the issued and outstanding preferred shares of AHL will remain issued and outstanding as preferred shares of the AHL Surviving Entity, in each case as described further in the Merger Agreement.
At the effective time of the AHL Merger, each of the issued and outstanding warrants of AHL that is outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the AHL Merger will, automatically and without any action on the part of the holder of an AHL warrant, remain outstanding in accordance with its terms, or, alternatively, be exchanged for such consideration from HoldCo in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement as may be agreed in writing by AGM Inc. and AHL prior to the effective time of the AHL Merger.
At the effective time of the AHL Merger, each outstanding option to purchase AHL Shares, award of restricted AHL Shares and award of AHL restricted share units will be converted into a similar award (with the same terms and conditions) with respect to HoldCo Shares based on the exchange ratio, in each case, as described further in the Merger Agreement; except that outstanding awards of restricted AHL Shares and AHL restricted share units, in each case, that are subject to performance-based vesting conditions, will convert into time-based awards with respect to HoldCo Shares based on the applicable target-level of performance and will vest at the end of the applicable performance period.
At the effective time of the AGM Merger, each outstanding option to purchase AGM Inc. Class A shares, award of restricted AGM Inc. Class A shares and award of AGM Inc. restricted share units will be converted into a similar award (with the same terms and conditions, including any performance conditions) with respect to HoldCo Shares, in each case, as described further in the Merger Agreement.
The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights and provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement, AGM Inc. will be obligated to pay AHL a cash termination fee of $81.9 million if: (i) the board of directors of AGM Inc. withdraws, suspends, withholds or in any manner adverse to AHL amends its recommendation of approval of the AGM Merger and the Merger Agreement by AGM stockholders, and (ii) AGM Inc. stockholder approval of the AGM Merger and the Merger Agreement is not obtained at the AGM Inc. stockholder meeting at which the AGM Merger and the Merger Agreement is submitted for approval.
Athora
The Company, through ISGI, provides investment advisory services to certain portfolio companies of Apollo funds and Athora, a strategic platform that acquires or reinsures blocks of insurance business in the German and broader European life insurance market (collectively, the “Athora Accounts”). The Company had commitments to make additional equity investments in Athora of $293.3 million as of March 31, 2021, subject to certain conditions.
Athora Sub-Advised
The Company, through ISGI, provides sub-advisory services with respect to a portion of the assets in certain portfolio companies of Apollo funds and the Athora Accounts. The Company broadly refers to “Athora Sub-Advised” assets as
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those assets in the Athora Accounts which the Company explicitly sub-advises as well as those assets in the Athora Accounts which are invested directly in funds and investment vehicles Apollo manages.

The Company earns a base management fee on the aggregate market value of substantially all of the investment accounts of or relating to Athora and also a sub-advisory fee on the Athora Sub-Advised assets, which varies depending on the specific asset class.
The following table presents the revenues earned in aggregate from Athene and Athora:
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Revenues earned in aggregate from Athene and Athora, net(1)(2)
$ 616,631  $ (1,125,493)
(1)    Consisting of management fees, sub-advisory fees, performance revenues (net of related profit sharing expense) and changes in the market value of the Athene Holding shares owned directly by Apollo.
(2)    Gains (losses) on the market value of the shares of Athene Holding owned directly by Apollo were $354.4 million and $(1.3) billion for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
AINV Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Management Agreement
On May 17, 2018, the board of directors of AINV approved an amended and restated investment advisory management agreement with Apollo Investment Management, L.P., the Company’s consolidated subsidiary, which reduced the base management fee and revised the incentive fee on income to include a total return requirement. Effective April 1, 2018, the base management fee was reduced from 2.0% to 1.5% of the average value of AINV’s gross assets (excluding cash or cash equivalents but including other assets purchased with borrowed amounts) at the end of each of the two most recently completed calendar quarters; provided, however, the base management fee would be 1.0% of the average value of AINV’s gross assets (excluding cash or cash equivalents but including other assets purchased with borrowed amounts) that exceeds the product of (i) 200% and (ii) the value of AINV’s net asset value at the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter. In addition, beginning January 1, 2019, the incentive fee on income calculation included a total return requirement with a rolling twelve quarter look-back starting from April 1, 2018. The incentive fee rate remained 20% and the performance threshold remained 1.75% per quarter (7% annualized).
Regulated Entities
Apollo Global Securities, LLC (“AGS”) is a registered broker dealer with the SEC and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, subject to the minimum net capital requirements of the SEC. AGS was in compliance with these requirements at March 31, 2021. From time to time, this entity is involved in transactions with related parties of Apollo, including portfolio companies of the funds Apollo manages, whereby AGS earns underwriting and transaction fees for its services.
Investment in SPACs
On October 6, 2020, APSG, a SPAC, completed an initial public offering, ultimately raising total gross proceeds of $817 million, including the underwriters’ subsequent partial exercise of their over-allotment option. In a private placement concurrent with the initial public offering, APSG sold warrants to APSG Sponsor, L.P., a subsidiary of Apollo, for total gross proceeds of $18.3 million. APSG Sponsor, L.P. also holds Class B ordinary shares of APSG. Apollo currently consolidates APSG as a voting interest entity, and thus all private placement warrants and Class B ordinary shares are eliminated in consolidation.
On February 12, 2021, APGB, a SPAC, completed an initial public offering, raising total gross proceeds of $690 million, including the underwriters’ exercise in full of their over-allotment option. In a private placement concurrent with the initial public offering, APGB sold warrants to APSG Sponsor II, L.P., a subsidiary of Apollo, for total gross proceeds of $15.6 million. APSG Sponsor II, L.P. also holds Class B ordinary shares of APGB. Apollo currently consolidates APGB as a voting interest entity, and thus all private placement warrants and Class B ordinary shares are eliminated in consolidation.
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15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Investment Commitments—As a limited partner, general partner and manager of the Apollo funds, Apollo had unfunded capital commitments as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 of $1.0 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, of which $347.9 million and $348.0 million related to Fund IX.
Debt Covenants—Apollo’s debt obligations contain various customary loan covenants. As of March 31, 2021, the Company was not aware of any instances of non-compliance with the financial covenants contained in the documents governing the Company’s debt obligations.
Litigation and ContingenciesApollo is, from time to time, party to various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business including claims and lawsuits, reviews, investigations or proceedings by governmental and self-regulatory agencies regarding its business.

On August 3, 2017, a complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida against AGM Inc., a senior partner of Apollo and a former principal of Apollo by Michael McEvoy on behalf of a purported class of employees of subsidiaries of CEVA Group, LLC (“CEVA Group”) who purchased shares in CEVA Investment Limited (“CIL”), the former parent company of CEVA Group. The complaint alleged that the defendants breached fiduciary duties to and defrauded the plaintiffs by inducing them to purchase shares in CIL and subsequently participating in a debt restructuring of CEVA Group in which shareholders of CIL did not receive a recovery. On February 9, 2018, the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York held that the claims asserted in the complaint were assets of CIL, which is a chapter 7 debtor, and that the complaint was null and void as a violation of the automatic stay. McEvoy subsequently revised his complaint to attempt to assert claims that do not belong to CIL. The amended complaint no longer named any individual defendants, but Apollo Management VI, L.P. and CEVA Group were added as defendants. The amended complaint sought damages of approximately €30 million and asserts, among other things, claims for violations of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, breach of fiduciary duties, and breach of contract. On December 7, 2018, after receiving permission from the Bankruptcy Court, McEvoy filed his amended complaint in the District Court in Florida. On January 18, 2019, Apollo filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. A hearing on that motion was held December 3, 2019. On January 6, 2020, the Florida court granted in part Apollo’s motion to dismiss, dismissing McEvoy’s Investment Advisers Act claim with prejudice, and denying without prejudice Apollo’s motion with respect to the remaining claims, and directing the parties to conduct limited discovery, and submit new briefing, solely with respect to the statute of limitations. On July 30, 2020, Apollo and CEVA filed a joint motion for summary judgment on statute of limitations grounds. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.

On December 21, 2017, Harbinger Capital Partners II, LP, Harbinger Capital Partners Master Fund I, Ltd., Harbinger Capital Partners Special Situations Fund, L.P., Harbinger Capital Partners Special Situations GP, LLC, Harbinger Capital Partners Offshore Manager, L.L.C., Global Opportunities Breakaway Ltd. (in voluntary liquidation), and Credit Distressed Blue Line Master Fund, Ltd. (collectively, “Harbinger”) commenced an action in New York Supreme Court captioned Harbinger Capital Partners II LP et al. v. Apollo Global Management LLC, et al. (No. 657515/2017). The complaint named as defendants (i) AGM Inc., (ii) the funds managed by Apollo that invested in SkyTerra Communications, Inc. (“SkyTerra”) equity before selling their interests to Harbinger under an April 2008 agreement that closed in 2010, and (iii) six former SkyTerra directors, five of whom are current or former Apollo employees. The complaint alleged that during the period of Harbinger’s various equity and debt investments in SkyTerra, from 2004 to 2010, the defendants concealed from Harbinger material defects in SkyTerra technology that was to be used to create a new mobile wi-fi network. The complaint alleged that Harbinger would not have made investments in SkyTerra totaling approximately $1.9 billion had it known of the defects, and that the public disclosure of these defects ultimately led to SkyTerra filing for bankruptcy in 2012 (after it had been renamed LightSquared). The complaint asserted claims against (i) all defendants for fraud, civil conspiracy, and negligent misrepresentation, (ii) AGM Inc. and the Apollo-managed funds only for breach of fiduciary duty, breach of contract, and unjust enrichment, and (iii) the SkyTerra director defendants only for aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty. The complaint sought $1.9 billion in damages, as well as punitive damages, interest, costs, and fees. This action was stayed from February 14, 2018, through June 12, 2019. On February 14, 2018, the defendants moved the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York to reopen the LightSquared bankruptcy proceeding for the limited purpose of enforcing Harbinger’s assignment and release in that bankruptcy of the claims that it asserted in the New York state court action (the “Bankruptcy Motion”). Briefing and hearing on the Bankruptcy Motion were adjourned while the state court stay was pending. On June 12, 2019, Harbinger voluntarily discontinued the state action without prejudice subject to a tolling agreement, and Apollo voluntarily withdrew the Bankruptcy Motion subject to a right to refile the motion if Harbinger were to refile the state court action. On June 8, 2020, Harbinger refiled its litigation in New York Supreme Court, captioned Harbinger Capital
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Partners II, LP et al. v. Apollo Global Management, LLC et al. (No. 652342/2020).  The complaint adds eight new defendants: two former SkyTerra executives, one former SkyTerra consultant, and five entities (four of whom have since been dismissed) that were Harbinger’s counterparties in a transaction involving TVCC One Six Holdings LLC (“TVCC”).  It also adds three new claims relating to Harbinger’s contention that the new defendants induced Harbinger to buy TVCC to support SkyTerra’s network even though they allegedly knew that the network had material defects. The parties agreed to stay this action until November 15, 2020. On November 23, 2020, Defendants refiled the Bankruptcy Motion, and on November 24, 2020, filed in the state court a motion to stay the state court proceedings pending a ruling by the Bankruptcy Court on the Bankruptcy Motion. On February 1, 2021, the Bankruptcy Court denied the Bankruptcy Motion. On March 31, 2021, Defendants filed their motions to dismiss the New York Supreme Court action. Harbinger’s oppositions to those motions are due on June 15, 2021, and Defendants’ replies are due on July 29, 2021. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.

Five shareholders filed substantially similar putative class action lawsuits in the Circuit Court of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit in and for Palm Beach County, Florida in March, April, and May 2018, alleging violations of the Securities Act in connection with the January 19, 2018 IPO of ADT Inc. common stock. The actions were consolidated on July 10, 2018, and the case was re-captioned, In re ADT Inc. Shareholder Litigation. On August 24, 2018, the state-court plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint naming as defendants ADT Inc., several ADT officers and directors, the IPO underwriters (including Apollo Global Securities, LLC), AGM Inc. and certain other Apollo affiliates. Plaintiffs generally alleged that the registration statement and prospectus for the IPO contained false and misleading statements and failed to disclose material information about certain litigation in which ADT was involved, ADT’s efforts to protect its intellectual property, and competitive pressures ADT faced. Defendants filed motions to dismiss the consolidated complaint on October 23, 2018, and those motions were fully briefed. On May 21, 2018, a similar shareholder class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, naming as defendants ADT, several officers and directors, and AGM Inc. The federal action, captioned Perdomo v. ADT Inc., generally alleged that the registration statement was materially misleading because it failed to disclose ongoing deterioration in ADT’s financial results, along with certain customer and business metrics. On July 20, 2018, several alleged ADT shareholders filed competing motions to be named lead plaintiff in the federal action. On November 20, 2018, the court appointed a lead plaintiff, and on January 15, 2019, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint. The amended complaint named the same Apollo-affiliated defendants as the state-court action, along with three new Apollo entities. Defendants filed motions to dismiss on March 25, 2019. On July 26, 2019, the state court denied defendants’ motions to dismiss, except it reserved judgment on the question whether it has personal jurisdiction over certain defendants, including the Apollo defendants. On September 12, 2019, all parties to the state and federal actions reached a settlement in principle that would resolve both actions. The plaintiffs in the federal action voluntarily dismissed their action on October 28, 2019, and the settlement was submitted to the state court for approval. On January 8, 2021, the state court entered a final order and judgment approving the settlement and dismissing the state action with prejudice. The settlement requires no payment from any Apollo defendants.

On May 3, 2018, Caldera Holdings Ltd, Caldera Life Reinsurance Company, and Caldera Shareholder, L.P. (collectively, “Caldera”) filed a summons with notice in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County, naming as defendants AGM Inc., Apollo Management, L.P., Apollo Advisors VIII, L.P., Apollo Capital Management VIII, LLC, Athene Asset Management, L.P., Athene Holding, Ltd., and Leon Black (collectively, “Defendants” and all but Athene Holding, Ltd., the “Apollo Defendants”). On July 12, 2018, Caldera filed a complaint, Index No. 652175/2018 (the “Complaint”), alleging three causes of action: (1) tortious interference with prospective business relations/prospective economic advantage; (2) defamation/trade disparagement/injurious falsehood; and (3) unfair competition. The Complaint sought damages of no less than $1.5 billion, as well as exemplary and punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, interest, and an injunction. Defendants moved to dismiss the Complaint on September 21, 2018 and Caldera filed an amended complaint on January 21, 2019 (the “Amended Complaint”). Defendants moved to dismiss the Amended Complaint, and the Apollo Defendants submitted to the Court a Final Arbitration Award issued on April 26, 2019 in a JAMS arbitration, finding Caldera, Imran Siddiqui, and Ming Dang liable for various causes of action, including breaches of fiduciary duty and/or aiding and abetting thereof. Oral argument on the motions to dismiss was held on May 31, 2019. On December 20, 2019, the Court issued a Decision and Order dismissing Caldera’s complaint in its entirety as against all Defendants. On December 23, 2019, the Apollo Defendants filed a Notice of Entry of the Decision and Order. On January 8, 2020, Caldera filed a Notice of Appeal.
On March 7, 2019, plaintiff Elizabeth Morrison filed an amended complaint in an action captioned Morrison v. Ray Berry, et. al., Case No. 12808-VCG, pending in the Delaware Court of Chancery, adding as defendants AGM Inc. and certain AGM Inc. affiliates. The original complaint had only named as defendants certain officers and directors (the “TFM defendants”) of The Fresh Market, Inc. (“TFM”), claiming that those defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the TFM shareholders in connection with their consideration and approval of a merger agreement between TFM and certain entities
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affiliated with Apollo, including by engaging in a sale process that improperly favored AGM Inc., and/or Apollo Management VIII, L.P., by agreeing to an inadequate price and by filing materially deficient disclosures regarding the transaction. In addition to AGM Inc., the amended complaint added as defendants Apollo Overseas Partners (Delaware 892) VIII, L.P., Apollo Overseas Partners (Delaware) VIII, L.P., Apollo Overseas Partners VIII, L.P., Apollo Management VIII, L.P., AIF VIII Management, LLC, Apollo Management, L.P., Apollo Management GP, LLC, Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., Apollo Management Holdings GP, LLC, APO Corp., AP Professional Holdings, L.P., Apollo Advisors VIII, L.P., Apollo Investment Fund VIII, L.P., Pomegranate Holdings, Inc., and other defendants. The amended complaint alleged that the Apollo defendants aided and abetted the breaches of fiduciary duties by the TFM defendants. After the defendants moved to dismiss the complaint on May 1, 2019, Plaintiff filed a second amended complaint on June 3, 2019, maintaining the same claim against the same Apollo defendants as the prior complaint. Defendants moved to dismiss the second amended complaint on July 12, 2019. On December 31, 2019, the court issued a decision dismissing certain of the TFM defendants while denying the motions of others. The court deferred ruling on the motions filed by several defendants, including the Apollo-affiliated defendants. On June 1, 2020, the Court granted the Apollo-affiliated defendants’ motion to dismiss, but the case remained pending against the officer defendants and TFM’s financial advisor in the transaction. On March 12, 2021, a settlement among the Plaintiff and the remaining defendants was publicly disclosed. The court scheduled a settlement hearing for July 7, 2021.
On October 21, 2019, a putative class action complaint was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery against Presidio, Inc. (“Presidio”), all of the members of Presidio’s board of directors (including five directors who are affiliated with Apollo), and BC Partners Advisors L.P. and Port Merger Sub, Inc. (together, “BCP”) challenging the then-pending acquisition of Presidio by BCP (the “Presidio Merger”). The action is captioned Firefighters Pension System of City of Kansas City, Missouri Trust v. Presidio, Inc. et al, C.A. No. 2019-0839-JTL. The original complaint alleged that the Presidio directors breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the negotiation of the Presidio Merger and that the disclosures Presidio made in its filings with the SEC in connection with the Presidio Merger omitted material information, and that BCP aided and abetted those alleged breaches. On November 5, 2019, the Court of Chancery held a hearing on a motion by plaintiffs to preliminarily enjoin the stockholder vote and denied that motion. On January 28, 2020, following the closing of the Presidio Merger, plaintiffs filed an amended class action complaint, adding as defendants AGM Inc. and AP VIII Aegis Holdings, L.P. (together, the “Apollo Defendants”) and LionTree Advisors, LLC (Presidio’s financial advisor in connection with the Presidio Merger). The amended complaint alleges, among other things, that the Presidio directors breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the Presidio Merger, that the filings with the SEC in connection with the Presidio Merger omitted material information, that the Apollo Defendants were controlling stockholders of Presidio and breached their alleged fiduciary duties to Presidio’s public stockholders, and that BCP, LionTree and the Apollo Defendants aided and abetted breaches of fiduciary duties. The amended complaint seeks, among other relief, declaratory relief, class certification, and unspecified money damages. The defendants completed briefing on motions to dismiss the amended complaint on April 30, 2020. On January 29, 2021, the Court of Chancery issued an opinion and accompanying orders granting the Apollo Defendants’ motion to dismiss, granting the motions to dismiss filed by the directors other than Presidio’s CEO, and denying motions to dismiss as to BCP, Liontree, and Presidio’s CEO. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit.
On November 1, 2019, plaintiff Benjamin Fongers filed a putative class action in Illinois Circuit Court, Cook County, against CareerBuilder, LLC (“CareerBuilder”) and AGM Inc. Plaintiff alleges that in March 2019, CareerBuilder changed its compensation plan so that sales representatives such as Fongers would (i) receive reduced commissions; and (ii) only be able to receive commissions for accounts they originated that were not reassigned to anyone else, a departure from the earlier plan.  Plaintiff also claims that the plan applied retroactively to deprive sales representatives of commissions to which they were earlier entitled.  Plaintiff alleges that AGM Inc. exercises complete control over CareerBuilder and thus, CareerBuilder acts as AGM Inc.’s agent.  Based on these allegations, Plaintiff alleges claims against both defendants for breach of written contract, breach of implied contract, unjust enrichment, violation of the Illinois Sales Representative Act, and violation of the Illinois Wage and Payment Collection Act. The defendants removed the action to the Northern District of Illinois on December 5, 2019, and Plaintiff moved to remand on January 6, 2020. On October 21, 2020, the District Court granted the motion to remand. On January 11, 2021, the District Court ordered the Clerk of Court to take the necessary steps to transfer the case back to Illinois Circuit Court, Cook County. On March 8, 2021, Plaintiff filed a motion under 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c) to recover attorneys’ fees of approximately $35,000 for the remand briefing. Defendants filed their opposition on March 31, 2021, and Plaintiff replied on April 14, 2021. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
In March 2020, Frank Funds, which claims to be a former shareholder of MPM Holdings, Inc. (“MPM”), commenced an action in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Frank Funds v. Apollo Global Management, Inc., et al., C.A. No. 2020-0130, against AGM Inc., certain former MPM directors (including three Apollo officers and employees), and members of the consortium that acquired MPM in a May 2019 merger. The complaint asserts, on behalf of a putative class of
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former MPM shareholders, a claim against Apollo for breach of its fiduciary duties as MPM’s alleged controlling shareholder in connection with the May 2019 merger in which a consortium acquired MPM. Frank Funds seeks unspecified compensatory damages. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. On July 1, 2020, Apollo moved to dismiss the complaint; briefing on that motion did not occur because the complaint was superseded, as described herein. On July 23, 2019, a group of former MPM shareholders filed an appraisal petition in Delaware Chancery Court seeking the fair value of their MPM shares that were purchased through MPM’s May 15, 2019 merger with a consortium of buyers, in an action captioned In re Appraisal of MPM Holdings, Inc., C.A. No. 2019-0519 (Del. Ch.). While Apollo was not a party to the appraisal action, it was served a document subpoena on October 22, 2019, to which it responded. On June 3, 2020, petitioners moved for leave to file a verified amended appraisal petition and class-action complaint that included claims for breach of fiduciary duty and/or aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty against AGM Inc., the Apollo-affiliated fund that owned MPM’s shares before the merger, certain former MPM directors (including three Apollo employees), and members of the consortium that acquired MPM, based on alleged actions related to the May 2019 merger. The petitioners also sought to consolidate their appraisal proceeding with the Frank Funds action, and notified the Delaware Chancery Court via letter on September 23, 2020, that they had reached an agreement in principle with Frank Funds to consolidate the two cases. On November 13, 2020, the Chancery Court granted the parties’ stipulated order to consolidate the two matters, and on December 21, 2020, the Chancery Court granted petitioners’ motion for leave to file the proposed amended complaint. This new consolidated action is captioned In Re MPM Holdings Inc. Appraisal and Stockholder Litigation, C.A. No. 2019-0519 (Del Ch.). Defendants filed motions to dismiss the amended complaint on February 19, 2021. On March 18, 2021, the Chancery Court entered the parties’ stipulated proposed scheduling order, under which the motions to dismiss will be fully briefed on July 26, 2021. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
On March 12, 2020, AGM Inc. and several investment funds managed by subsidiaries of AGM Inc. (the “Apollo Funds”) were added as defendants in a class action filed by plaintiff Zachary Blair on December 7, 2017, in the Superior Court of California.  Plaintiff alleges he is a former employee of Classic Party Rentals, a party equipment rental company previously owned by the Apollo Funds. Plaintiff alleges that Classic Party Rentals failed to comply with California wage and hour and related laws, and also has asserted claims based on various provisions of the California labor code and California’s unfair competition laws. On October 11, 2019, the court certified a class of current and former non-exempt drivers, assistant drivers, and organizer employees of Classic Party Rentals who were paid on an hourly basis and who worked at Classic Party Rentals in California at any time from December 7, 2013, through the date of the class certification order. After being served with the Complaint in July 2020, a co-defendant removed the matter to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California on August 24, 2020, and AGM Inc. filed a motion to dismiss all claims against it on September 23, 2020. On March 24, 2021, the court granted AGM Inc.’s motion to dismiss and the court dismissed the complaint without prejudice. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
On May 29, 2020, plaintiff Vrajeshkumar Patel filed a putative stockholder derivative and class action complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery against Talos Energy, Inc. (“Talos”), all of the members of Talos’s board of directors (including two Apollo partners), Riverstone Holdings, LLC (“Riverstone”), AGM Inc., and Guggenheim Securities, LLC in connection with the acquisition of certain assets from Castex Energy 2014, LLC and ILX Holdings, LLC in February 2020. The complaint asserts, on behalf of a putative class of shareholders and Talos, direct and derivative claims against Apollo, Riverstone, and the individual defendants for breach of their fiduciary duties. The plaintiff alleges that Apollo and Riverstone comprise a controlling shareholder group. The complaint seeks, among other relief, class certification and unspecified money damages. On August 4, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the complaint in its entirety. The motion is now fully briefed and oral argument was held on February 19, 2021. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time. 
On August 4, 2020, a putative class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada against PlayAGS Inc. (“PlayAGS”), all of the members of PlayAGS’s board of directors (including three directors who are affiliated with Apollo), certain underwriters of PlayAGS (including Apollo Global Securities, LLC), as well as AGM Inc., Apollo Investment Fund VIII, L.P., Apollo Gaming Holdings, L.P., and Apollo Gaming Voteco, LLC (these last four parties, together, the “Apollo Defendants”). The complaint asserts claims arising under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with certain secondary offerings of PlayAGS stock conducted in August 2018 and March 2019, alleging that the registration statements issued in connection with those offerings did not fully disclose certain business challenges facing PlayAGS. Such claims are asserted against all defendants, including Apollo Global Securities, LLC and the Apollo Defendants, as well as all directors (including the directors affiliated with Apollo). The complaint further asserts a control person claim under Section 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 against the Apollo Defendants and the director defendants (including the directors
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affiliated with Apollo), alleging that the Apollo Defendants and the director defendants were responsible for certain misstatements and omissions by PlayAGS about its business during a putative class period from May 3, 2018 through August 7, 2019. Plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint on January 21, 2021, and they filed a further amended complaint on March 25, 2021. A responsive pleading is due by May 24, 2021. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
Commitments and Contingencies—Other long-term obligations relate to payments with respect to certain consulting agreements entered into by Apollo Investment Consulting LLC, a subsidiary of Apollo, as well as long-term service contracts. A significant portion of these costs are reimbursable by funds or portfolio companies. As of March 31, 2021, fixed and determinable payments due in connection with these obligations were as follows:
Remaining 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total
Other long-term obligations $ 25,226  $ 3,482  $ 1,998  $ 812  $ 704  $ 704  $ 32,926 
Contingent Obligations—Performance allocations with respect to certain funds are subject to reversal in the event of future losses to the extent of the cumulative revenues recognized in income to date. If all of the existing investments became worthless, the amount of cumulative revenues that have been recognized by Apollo through March 31, 2021 and that would be reversed approximates $3.7 billion. Management views the possibility of all of the investments becoming worthless as remote. Performance allocations are affected by changes in the fair values of the underlying investments in the funds that Apollo manages. Valuations, on an unrealized basis, can be significantly affected by a variety of external factors including, but not limited to, bond yields and industry trading multiples. Movements in these items can affect valuations quarter to quarter even if the underlying business fundamentals remain stable.
Additionally, at the end of the life of certain funds that the Company manages, there could be a payment due to a fund by the Company if the Company, as general partner, has received more performance allocations than was ultimately earned. The general partner obligation amount, if any, will depend on final realized values of investments at the end of the life of each fund or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement of the fund. See note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the general partner obligation.
Certain funds may not generate performance allocations as a result of unrealized and realized losses that are recognized in the current and prior reporting period. In certain cases, performance allocations will not be generated until additional unrealized and realized gains occur. Any appreciation would first cover the deductions for invested capital, unreturned organizational expenses, operating expenses, management fees and priority returns based on the terms of the respective fund agreements.
One of the Company’s subsidiaries, AGS, provides underwriting commitments in connection with securities offerings of related parties of Apollo, including portfolio companies of the funds Apollo manages, as well as third parties. As of March 31, 2021, AGS had an unfunded contingent commitment of $50.6 million outstanding related to such commitments. The commitment expired on April 1, 2021 with no funding on the part of AGS. As of December 31, 2019, there were no open underwriting commitments.
In connection with the launch of Apollo Debt Solutions, a non-traded business development company (“BDC”), the Company agreed to guarantee a commitment to purchase the underlying portfolio investment, in the event the BDC does not raise sufficient third party capital. The Company’s maximum commitment is $500 million, and is fully backstopped by an unconsolidated related party fund. The likelihood of performance under the guarantee arrangement is determined to be remote.
Merger Agreement Termination Fee—In connection with the merger with Athene Holding, the Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights and provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement, AGM Inc. will be obligated to pay AHL a cash termination fee of $81.9 million. See note 14 for further disclosure regarding the Merger Agreement and termination fee.
Contingent Consideration—In connection with the acquisition of Stone Tower in April 2012, the Company agreed to pay the former owners of Stone Tower a specified percentage of any future performance revenues earned from certain of the Stone Tower funds, CLOs, and strategic investment accounts. This contingent consideration liability was determined based on the present value of estimated future performance revenue payments, and is recorded in profit sharing payable in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The fair value of the remaining contingent obligation was $113.2 million and $119.8 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The contingent consideration obligations will be remeasured to fair value at each reporting period until the obligations are satisfied and are characterized as Level III liabilities. The changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations is reflected in profit sharing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. See note 6 for further information regarding fair value measurements.
16. SEGMENT REPORTING
Apollo conducts its business primarily in the United States through three reportable segments: credit, private equity and real assets. Segment information is utilized by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and to allocate resources. These segments were established based on the nature of investment activities in each underlying fund, including the specific type of investment made and the level of control over the investment.
The performance is measured by the Company’s chief operating decision maker on an unconsolidated basis because management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of Apollo’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and data that exclude the effects of consolidation of any of the affiliated funds.
Segment Distributable Earnings
Segment Distributable Earnings, or “Segment DE”, is the key performance measure used by management in evaluating the performance of Apollo’s credit, private equity and real assets segments. Management believes the components of Segment DE, such as the amount of management fees, advisory and transaction fees and realized performance fees, are indicative of the Company’s performance. Management uses Segment DE in making key operating decisions such as the following:
Decisions related to the allocation of resources such as staffing decisions including hiring and locations for deployment of the new hires;
Decisions related to capital deployment such as providing capital to facilitate growth for the business and/or to facilitate expansion into new businesses;
Decisions related to expenses, such as determining annual discretionary bonuses and equity-based compensation awards to its employees. With respect to compensation, management seeks to align the interests of certain professionals and selected other individuals with those of the investors in the funds and those of Apollo’s stockholders by providing such individuals a profit sharing interest in the performance fees earned in relation to the funds. To achieve that objective, a certain amount of compensation is based on Apollo’s performance and growth for the year; and
Decisions related to the amount of earnings available for dividends to Class A Common Stockholders, holders of RSUs that participate in dividends and holders of AOG Units that participate in dividends.
Segment DE is a measure of profitability and has certain limitations in that it does not take into account certain items included under U.S. GAAP. Segment DE represents the amount of Apollo’s net realized earnings, excluding the effects of the consolidation of any of the related funds and SPACs, taxes and related payables, transaction-related charges and any acquisitions. Transaction-related charges includes equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration, and certain other charges associated with acquisitions, and restructuring charges. In addition, Segment DE excludes non-cash revenue and expense related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company, compensation and administrative related expense reimbursements, as well as the assets, liabilities and operating results of the funds and variable interest entities that are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Segment DE also excludes impacts of the remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement liability recorded in other income, which arises from changes in the associated deferred tax balance.
Segment DE may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies and is not a measure of performance calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We use Segment DE as a measure of operating performance, not as a measure of liquidity. Segment DE should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other income data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The use of Segment DE without consideration of related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described above. Management compensates for these limitations by using Segment DE as a supplemental measure to U.S. GAAP results, to provide a more complete understanding of our performance as management
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
measures it. A reconciliation of Segment DE to its most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure of income (loss) before income tax provision can be found in this footnote.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings (“FRE”) is derived from our segment reported results and refers to a component of Segment DE that is used as a supplemental performance measure to assess whether revenues that we believe are generally more stable and predictable in nature, primarily consisting of management fees, are sufficient to cover associated operating expenses and generate profits. FRE is the sum across all segments of (i) management fees, (ii) advisory and transaction fees, (iii) performance fees related to business development companies, Redding Ridge Holdings LP (“Redding Ridge Holdings”), an affiliate of Redding Ridge, and MidCap and (iv) other income, net, less (x) salary, bonus and benefits, excluding equity-based compensation, (y) other associated operating expenses and (z) non-controlling interests in the management companies of certain funds the Company manages.
The following tables present financial data for Apollo’s reportable segments.
  As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
  Credit
Segment
Private Equity
Segment
Real Assets
Segment
Total Reportable
Segments
Management fees $ 268,031  $ 122,268  $ 58,370  $ 448,669 
Advisory and transaction fees, net 33,130  21,331  1,034  55,495 
Performance fees(1)
8,771  —  —  8,771 
Fee Related Revenues 309,932  143,599  59,404  512,935 
Salary, bonus and benefits (69,379) (58,749) (29,243) (157,371)
General, administrative and other (36,629) (21,129) (10,890) (68,648)
Placement fees (477) —  —  (477)
Fee Related Expenses (106,485) (79,878) (40,133) (226,496)
Other income (loss), net of Non-Controlling Interest (559) 723  53  217 
Fee Related Earnings 202,888  64,444  19,324  286,656 
Realized performance fees 14,371  70,921  21,462  106,754 
Realized profit sharing expense (7,954) (37,590) (12,212) (57,756)
Net Realized Performance Fees 6,417  33,331  9,250  48,998 
Realized principal investment income, net(2)
1,847  21,703  3,084  26,634 
Net interest loss and other (13,785) (13,498) (6,223) (33,506)
Segment Distributable Earnings(3)
$ 197,367  $ 105,980  $ 25,435  $ 328,782 
Total Assets(3)
$ 5,314,947  $ 4,417,025  $ 746,703  $ 10,478,675 
(1)Represents certain performance fees related to business development companies, Redding Ridge Holdings and MidCap.
(2)Realized principal investment income, net includes dividends from our permanent capital vehicles, net of such amounts used to compensate employees.
(3)Refer below for a reconciliation of total revenues, total expenses, other loss and total assets for Apollo’s total reportable segments to total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses, total consolidated other income (loss) and total assets.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
  Credit
Segment
Private Equity
Segment
Real Assets
Segment
Total Reportable
Segments
Management fees $ 208,229  $ 125,268  $ 48,871  $ 382,368 
Advisory and transaction fees, net 15,267  20,343  1,122  36,732 
Performance fees(1)
2,404  —  —  2,404 
Fee Related Revenues 225,900  145,611  49,993  421,504 
Salary, bonus and benefits (57,008) (42,480) (24,533) (124,021)
General, administrative and other (35,373) (21,994) (10,986) (68,353)
Placement fees (306) (107) —  (413)
Fee Related Expenses (92,687) (64,581) (35,519) (192,787)
Other loss, net of Non-Controlling Interest (663) 23  (21) (661)
Fee Related Earnings 132,550  81,053  14,453  228,056 
Realized performance fees 25,861  1,143  38,742  65,746 
Realized profit sharing expense (25,557) (1,447) (38,742) (65,746)
Net Realized Performance Fees 304  (304) —  — 
Realized principal investment income, net(2)
1,374  542  3,667  5,583 
Net interest loss and other (17,114) (15,674) (4,346) (37,134)
Segment Distributable Earnings (3)
$ 117,114  $ 65,617  $ 13,774  $ 196,505 
(1)Represents certain performance fees related to business development companies and Redding Ridge Holdings
(2)Realized principal investment income, net includes dividends from our permanent capital vehicles, net of such amounts used to compensate employees.
(3)Refer below for a reconciliation of total revenues, total expenses and other income (loss) for Apollo’s total reportable segments to total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses and total consolidated other income (loss) and total assets.
     The following table reconciles total consolidated revenues to total revenues for Apollo’s reportable segments:
  For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Total Consolidated Revenues $ 2,294,700  $ (1,469,086)
Equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties, reimbursable expenses and other(1)
(33,555) (35,841)
Adjustments related to consolidated funds and VIEs(1)
42,424  (1,451)
Performance fees(2)
(1,397,252) 1,734,435 
Principal investment (income) loss (393,382) 193,447 
Total Fee Related Revenues 512,935  421,504 
Realized performance fees 106,754  65,746 
Realized principal investment income, net and other 26,634  4,741 
Total Segment Revenues $ 646,323  $ 491,991 
(1)Represents advisory fees, management fees and performance fees earned from consolidated VIEs which are eliminated in consolidation. Includes non-cash revenues related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company and certain compensation and administrative related expense reimbursements.
(2)Excludes certain performance fees from business development companies, Redding Ridge Holdings and MidCap.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table reconciles total consolidated expenses to total expenses for Apollo’s reportable segments:
  For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Total Consolidated Expenses $ 1,021,744  $ (328,434)
Equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties, reimbursable expenses and other(1)
(39,602) (32,211)
Reclassification of interest expenses (34,799) (31,242)
Transaction-related charges, net(1)
(20,094) 21,399 
Charges associated with corporate conversion —  (1,064)
Equity-based compensation (16,158) (14,070)
Total profit sharing expense(2)
(681,620) 580,949 
Dividend-related compensation expense (2,975) (2,540)
Total Fee Related Expenses 226,496  192,787 
Realized profit sharing expense 57,756  65,746 
Total Segment Expenses $ 284,252  $ 258,533 
(1)Represents the addition of expenses of consolidated funds and VIEs, transaction-related charges, non-cash expenses related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company and certain compensation and administrative expenses. Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions, and restructuring charges.
(2)Includes unrealized profit sharing expense, realized profit sharing expense and equity based profit sharing expense and other.
The following table reconciles total consolidated other income (loss) to total other loss for Apollo’s reportable segments:
  For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Total Consolidated Other Income (Loss) $ 448,793  $ (1,439,044)
Adjustments related to consolidated funds and VIEs(1)
(107,402) 166,465 
Loss from change in tax receivable agreement liability (1,941) — 
Net (gains) losses from investment activities (355,149) 1,264,244 
Interest income and other, net of Non-Controlling Interest 15,916  7,674 
Other Income, net of Non-Controlling Interest 217  (661)
Net interest loss and other (33,506) (36,292)
Total Segment Other Loss $ (33,289) $ (36,953)
(1)Represents the addition of other income of consolidated funds and VIEs.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table presents the reconciliation of income before income tax provision reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations to Segment Distributable Earnings:
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Income before income tax (provision) benefit $ 1,721,749  $ (2,579,696)
Transaction-related charges(1)
20,094  (21,399)
Charges associated with corporate conversion(2)
—  1,064 
Loss from change in tax receivable agreement liability (1,941) — 
Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities (70,578) 164,409 
Unrealized performance fees (1,290,499) 1,800,181 
Unrealized profit sharing expense 588,992  (681,183)
Equity-based profit sharing expense and other(3)
34,872  34,488 
Equity-based compensation 16,158  14,070 
Unrealized principal investment (income) loss (363,773) 201,570 
Unrealized net (gains) losses from investment activities and other (326,292) 1,263,001 
Segment Distributable Earnings $ 328,782  $ 196,505 
(1)    Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions, and restructuring charges.
(2)    Represents expenses incurred in relation to the conversion to a corporation.
(3)    Equity-based profit sharing expense and other includes certain profit sharing arrangements in which a portion of performance fees distributed to the general partner are allocated by issuance of equity-based awards, rather than cash, to employees of Apollo. Equity-based profit sharing expense and other also includes non-cash expenses related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of Apollo.
The following table presents the reconciliation of Apollo’s total reportable segment assets to total assets:
As of
March 31, 2021
As of
December 31, 2020
Total reportable segment assets $ 10,478,675  $ 8,681,467 
Adjustments(1)
16,931,463  14,987,617 
Total assets $ 27,410,138  $ 23,669,084 
(1)    Represents the addition of assets of consolidated funds and VIEs and consolidation elimination adjustments.
17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Dividends
On May 4, 2021, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.50 per share of Class A Common Stock, which will be paid on May 28, 2021 to holders of record at the close of business on May 20, 2021.
On May 4, 2021, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.398438 per share of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock, which will be paid on June 15, 2021 to holders of record at the close of business on June 1, 2021.

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ITEM 1A. UNAUDITED SUPPLEMENTAL PRESENTATION OF STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
As of March 31, 2021
Apollo Global Management, Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries Consolidated Funds and VIEs Eliminations Consolidated
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,716,867  $ 1,129  $ —  $ 1,717,996 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents 17,691  690,023  —  707,714 
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value —  817,128  —  817,128 
Investments 6,980,530  409  (280,122) 6,700,817 
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities:
Cash and cash equivalents —  1,007,886  —  1,007,886 
Investments, at fair value —  15,160,687  (574,381) 14,586,306 
Other assets —  183,806  (966) 182,840 
Incentive fees receivable 3,854  —  —  3,854 
Due from related parties 510,828  (2,964) (73,155) 434,709 
Deferred tax assets, net 380,992  —  —  380,992 
Other assets 458,029  2,472  (490) 460,011 
Lease assets 292,927  —  —  292,927 
Goodwill 116,958  —  —  116,958 
Total Assets $ 10,478,676  $ 17,860,576  $ (929,114) $ 27,410,138 
Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 128,319  $ 2,373  $ (1) $ 130,691 
Accrued compensation and benefits 96,251  —  —  96,251 
Deferred revenue 126,032  —  —  126,032 
Due to related parties 520,314  3,800  (4,157) 519,957 
Profit sharing payable 1,338,651  —  —  1,338,651 
Debt 3,152,750  —  —  3,152,750 
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:
Debt, at fair value —  9,207,474  (362,067) 8,845,407 
Notes payable —  2,532,877  (101,356) 2,431,521 
Other liabilities —  1,129,189  (53,853) 1,075,336 
Due to related parties —  32,898  (32,898) — 
Other liabilities 356,740  122,627  (18,366) 461,001 
Lease liabilities 333,670  —  —  333,670 
Total Liabilities 6,052,727  13,031,238  (572,698) 18,511,267 
Redeemable non-controlling interests:
Redeemable non-controlling interests —  1,394,703  6,027  1,400,730 
Stockholders’ Equity:
Apollo Global Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
Series A Preferred Stock 264,398  —  —  264,398 
Series B Preferred Stock 289,815  —  —  289,815 
Additional paid in capital 934,857  (41,353) 14,691  908,195 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 487,997  364,255  (374,909) 477,343 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (2,500) 2,139  (2,225) (2,586)
Total Apollo Global Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity 1,974,567  325,041  (362,443) 1,937,165 
Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities 5,211  3,109,594  —  3,114,805 
Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group 2,446,171  —  —  2,446,171 
Total Stockholders’ Equity 4,425,949  3,434,635  (362,443) 7,498,141 
Total Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders’ Equity $ 10,478,676  $ 17,860,576  $ (929,114) $ 27,410,138 
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
As of December 31, 2020
Apollo Global Management, Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries Consolidated Funds and VIEs Eliminations Consolidated
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,555,252  $ 265  $ —  $ 1,555,517 
Restricted cash 17,708  —  —  17,708 
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value —  816,985  —  816,985 
Investments 5,244,465  334  (249,388) 4,995,411 
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities:
Cash and cash equivalents —  893,306  —  893,306 
Investments, at fair value —  13,878,603  (562,587) 13,316,016 
Other assets —  290,264  —  290,264 
Incentive fees receivable 5,231  —  —  5,231 
Due from related parties 543,169  (4) (80,782) 462,383 
Deferred tax assets, net 539,244  —  —  539,244 
Other assets 364,342  1,118  (497) 364,963 
Lease assets 295,098  —  —  295,098 
Goodwill 116,958  —  —  116,958 
Total Assets $ 8,681,467  $ 15,880,871  $ (893,254) $ 23,669,084 
Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 119,784  $ 198  $ —  $ 119,982 
Accrued compensation and benefits 82,343  —  —  82,343 
Deferred revenue 30,369  —  —  30,369 
Due to related parties 608,455  1,871  (1,857) 608,469 
Profit sharing payable 842,677  —  —  842,677 
Debt 3,155,221  —  —  3,155,221 
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:
Debt, at fair value —  9,022,414  (361,899) 8,660,515 
Notes payable —  2,574,879  (102,908) 2,471,971 
Other liabilities —  836,181  (63,136) 773,045 
Due to related parties —  23,898  (23,898) — 
Other liabilities 267,023  28,589  —  295,612 
Lease liabilities 332,915  —  —  332,915 
Total Liabilities 5,438,787  12,488,030  (553,698) 17,373,119 
Redeemable non-controlling interests:
Redeemable non-controlling interests —  782,702  —  782,702 
Stockholders’ Equity:
Apollo Global Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
Series A Preferred stock 264,398  —  —  264,398 
Series B Preferred stock 289,815  —  —  289,815 
Additional paid in capital 877,173  (12,928) 12,928  877,173 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) —  334,998  (334,998) — 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (2,044) 17,459  (17,486) (2,071)
Total Apollo Global Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity 1,429,342  339,529  (339,556) 1,429,315 
Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities 5,118  2,270,610  —  2,275,728 
Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group 1,808,220  —  —  1,808,220 
Total Stockholders’ Equity 3,242,680  2,610,139  (339,556) 5,513,263 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $ 8,681,467  $ 15,880,871  $ (893,254) $ 23,669,084 
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ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Apollo Global Management, Inc.’s condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those included in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in this report and our Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on February 19, 2021 (the “2020 Annual Report”). The highlights listed below have had significant effects on many items within our condensed consolidated financial statements and affect the comparison of the current period’s activity with those of prior periods.
General
Our Businesses
Founded in 1990, Apollo is a leading global alternative investment manager. We are a contrarian, value-oriented investment manager in credit, private equity and real assets with significant distressed expertise and a flexible mandate in the majority of our funds which enables our funds to invest opportunistically across a company’s capital structure. We raise, invest and manage funds on behalf of some of the world’s most prominent pension, endowment and sovereign wealth funds as well as other institutional and individual investors. Apollo is led by Joshua Harris and Marc Rowan, who have worked together for more than 34 years and lead a team of 1,725 employees, including 546 investment professionals, as of March 31, 2021.
Apollo conducts its business primarily in the United States through the following three reportable segments:
(i)Credit—primarily invests in non-control corporate and structured debt instruments including performing, stressed and distressed instruments across the capital structure;
(ii)Private equity—primarily invests in control equity and related debt instruments, convertible securities and distressed debt instruments; and
(iii)Real assets—primarily invests in (i) real estate equity and infrastructure equity for the acquisition and recapitalization of real estate and infrastructure assets, portfolios, platforms and operating companies, (ii) real estate and infrastructure debt including first mortgage and mezzanine loans, preferred equity and commercial mortgage backed securities and (iii) European performing and non-performing loans, and unsecured consumer loans.
These business segments are differentiated based on the varying investment strategies. The performance is measured by management on an unconsolidated basis because management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of Apollo’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and data that exclude the effects of consolidation of any of the managed funds.
Our financial results vary since performance fees, which generally constitute a large portion of the income we receive from the funds that we manage, as well as the transaction and advisory fees that we receive, can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. As a result, we emphasize long-term financial growth and profitability to manage our business.
In addition, the growth in our Fee-Generating AUM during the last year has primarily been in our credit segment driven by continued growth in traditional funds and managed accounts as well as growth in asset management services to the insurance industry and in performing credit products. The average management fee rate for these new credit products is at market rates for such products and in certain cases is below our historical rates. Also, due to the complexity of these new product offerings, the Company has incurred and will continue to incur additional costs associated with managing these products. To date, these additional costs have been offset by realized economies of scale and ongoing cost management.
As of March 31, 2021, we had total AUM of $461.1 billion across all of our businesses. More than 90% of our total AUM was in funds with a contractual life at inception of five years or more, and 58% of such AUM was in permanent capital vehicles.
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The following table presents the gross and net returns for Apollo’s credit segment by category type:
  Gross Returns Net Returns
Category For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Corporate Credit 2.6% 2.2%
Structured Credit 5.3% 4.9%
Direct Origination 6.3% 5.2%
On December 31, 2017, Fund IX held its final closing, raising a total of $23.5 billion in third-party capital and approximately $1.2 billion of additional capital from Apollo and affiliated investors for total commitments of $24.7 billion. On December 31, 2013, Fund VIII held a final closing raising a total of $17.5 billion in third-party capital and approximately $880 million of additional capital from Apollo and affiliated investors, and as of March 31, 2021, Fund VIII had $2.5 billion of uncalled commitments remaining. Additionally, Fund VII held a final closing in December 2008, raising a total of $14.7 billion, and as of March 31, 2021, Fund VII had $1.8 billion of uncalled commitments remaining. We have consistently produced attractive long-term investment returns in our traditional private equity funds, generating a 39% gross IRR and a 24% net IRR on a compound annual basis from inception through March 31, 2021. Apollo’s private equity fund appreciation was 22.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
For our real assets segment, there was a total gross return of 3.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, which represents gross return for our real estate equity funds and their co-investment capital, the European principal finance funds, and infrastructure equity funds.
For further detail related to fund performance metrics across all of our businesses, see “—The Historical Investment Performance of Our Funds.”
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Holding Company Structure
The diagram below depicts our current organizational structure:
APO-20210331_G1.JPG

Note: The organizational structure chart above depicts a simplified version of the Apollo structure. It does not include all legal entities in the structure. Ownership percentages are as of May 5, 2021. As of May 5, 2021, there were 232,319,372 Class A shares, 1 Class B share and 1 Class C share issued and outstanding, and 172,847,493 AOG Units held by Holdings that are exchangeable for Class A shares on a one-for-one basis. In addition, as of May 5, 2021, Athene held 29,154,519 AOG Units that are non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group and are not exchangeable for Class A shares.
(1)As of May 5, 2021, the Class A shares represented 9.2% of the total voting power of the Class A shares, the Class B share and the Class C share, voting together as a single class, with respect to General Stockholder Matters. As of May 5, 2021, the Class A shares represented 53.5% of the total voting power of the Class A shares and the Class B share with respect to certain matters upon which they are entitled to vote pursuant to the certificate of incorporation of AGM Inc. (“COI”).
(2)Our Managing Partners own BRH Holdings GP, Ltd., which in turn holds our only outstanding Class B share. As of May 5, 2021, the Class B share represented 8.0% of the total voting power of the Class A shares, the Class B share and the Class C share, voting together as a single class, with respect to General Stockholder Matters, and a de minimus economic interest in AGM Inc. As of May 5, 2021, the Class B share represented 46.6% of the total voting power of the Class A shares and the Class B share with respect to certain matters upon which they are entitled to vote as a single class.
(3)Through BRH Holdings, L.P., our Managing Partners indirectly beneficially own through estate planning vehicles, limited partner interests in Holdings. Our Managing Partners’ economic interests are represented by their indirect beneficial ownership, through Holdings, of 36.0% of the limited partner interests in the Apollo Operating Group.
(4)Holdings owns 39.8% of the limited partner or limited liability company interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity. The AOG Units held by Holdings are exchangeable for Class A shares. Our Managing Partners, through their interests in BRH and Holdings, beneficially own 36.0% of the AOG Units. Our Contributing Partners, through their interests in Holdings, beneficially own 3.8% of the AOG Units.
(5)BRH Holdings GP, Ltd. is the sole member of AGM Management, LLC, which in turns holds our only outstanding Class C share. The Class C share bestows to its holder certain management rights over AGM Inc. As of May 5, 2021, the Class C share represented 82.8% of the total voting power of the Class A shares, the Class B share and the Class C share, voting together as a single class, with respect to General Stockholder Matters, and a de minimus economic interest in AGM Inc.
(6)Represents 53.5% of the limited partner or limited liability company interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity, held through the intermediate holding companies. AGM Inc. also indirectly owns 100% of the general partner or managing member interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity.
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(7)Represents 6.7% of the limited partner or limited liability company interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity held by Athene Holding Ltd. and/or its affiliates. AOG Units held by Athene are non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group and are not exchangeable for Class A shares.
Each of the Apollo Operating Group entities holds interests in different businesses or entities organized in different jurisdictions.
Our structure is designed to accomplish a number of objectives, the most important of which are as follows:
Historically, we were a holding company that was qualified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our intermediate holding companies enabled us to maintain our partnership status and to meet the qualifying income exception. Effective September 5, 2019, Apollo Global Management, LLC converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation named Apollo Global Management, Inc.
We have historically used multiple management companies to segregate operations for business, financial and other reasons. Going forward, we may increase or decrease the number of our management companies, partnerships or other entities within the Apollo Operating Group based on our views regarding the appropriate balance between (a) administrative convenience and (b) continued business, financial, tax and other optimization.
On March 8, 2021, we announced that we entered into a binding governance term sheet with the Managing Partners. The term sheet sets forth a number of changes to our governance structure and a timeline for their implementation, including changes relating to:
• composition and size of our board of directors;
• Board committees, including to create a nominating and corporate governance committee, a compensation committee, and a new executive committee. The new executive committee will for the first year consist of Jay Clayton, as the committee’s Chairman, and the Managing Partners. Each of the Managing Partners will serve on the new executive committee for so long as he satisfies the specified ownership threshold; and
• elimination of the Up-C structure – as promptly as practicable following the receipt of all required regulatory approvals:
• the single Class B share that is held by BRH Holdings GP, Ltd. will be converted into shares of Series I Preferred Stock of AGM Inc. equal in number to the outstanding AOG Units and entitled to one vote per share on each matter properly presented to the stockholders of AGM Inc.;
• upon the issuance of the Series I Preferred Stock, the Managing Partners shall cause AGM Management, LLC to surrender to the Company the sole Class C share;
• on or prior to June 30, 2022, as designated by us, which date will coincide with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, provided that if the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement not have been consummated by June 30, 2022, then the mandatory exchange date will be June 30, 2022 (such date, the “Mandatory Exchange Date”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of a newly formed holding company (“NewCo”) will merge with and into AGM Inc., with AGM Inc. to be the surviving company in the merger. Upon consummation of this merger, each holder of a share of Class A common stock will receive on a tax-free basis shares of Class A common stock of NewCo and will no longer hold any equity interests in the Company;
• on the Mandatory Exchange Date all AOG Units beneficially owned by each holder of AOG Units (other than Athene) will be transferred to NewCo and one or more of its affiliates in a series of transactions in exchange for (i) such number of shares of Class A common stock of NewCo equal to the aggregate number of AOG Units beneficially owned by such AOG Unit owners as of immediately prior to the mandatory exchange (such AOG Units, the “Outstanding AOG Units”) and (ii) an aggregate amount in cash
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equal to the product of (a) number of Outstanding AOG Units multiplied by (b) $3.66, payable over a period of four years in equal quarterly installments (the “AOG Unit Payment”); provided, however, that in the event that we consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement simultaneously with the mandatory exchange, the AOG Unit Payment will be payable over the period between the date on which the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are consummated and the third anniversary of the Mandatory Exchange Date in equal quarterly installments (such transactions collectively, the “mandatory exchange”).
The term sheet also states that the tax receivable agreement will not be applicable for the mandatory exchange, but will remain in effect for any exchanges occurring prior to the Mandatory Exchange Date.
The parties to the term sheet agreed that, upon the surrender of the Class C share, the Company will provide each Managing Partner with certain stockholder rights set forth in a stockholder agreement, as provided in the term sheet.
Implementation of the provisions of the term sheet remains subject to regulatory and stockholder approvals, and there can be no certainty on the consummation or the timing of these changes.
Business Environment
As a global investment manager, we are affected by numerous factors, including the condition of financial markets and the economy. Price fluctuations within equity, credit, commodity, foreign exchange markets, as well as interest rates, which may be volatile and mixed across geographies, can significantly impact the valuation of our funds’ portfolio companies and related income we may recognize.
In the U.S., the S&P 500 Index increased by 5.8% during the first quarter of 2021, following an increase of 11.7% during the fourth quarter of 2020. Global equity markets also appreciated during the quarter, with the MSCI All Country World ex USA Index increasing 4.2% following an increase of 15.9% in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Conditions in the credit markets also have a significant impact on our business. Credit markets were positive in 2021, with the BofAML HY Master II Index increasing by 0.9%, while the S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index increased by 1.0%. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield at the end of the quarter was 1.74%. The Federal Reserve kept the benchmark interest rate steady during the last twelve months at a target range of 0% to 0.25%.
Foreign exchange rates can materially impact the valuations of our investments and those of our funds that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Relative to the U.S. dollar, the Euro depreciated 4.0% during the quarter, after appreciating by 4.2% in the fourth quarter of 2020, while the British pound appreciated 0.9% during the quarter, after appreciating 5.7% in the fourth quarter of 2020. The price of crude oil appreciated by 21.9% during the quarter, after appreciating by 20.6% during the fourth quarter of 2020.
In terms of economic conditions in the U.S., the Bureau of Economic Analysis reported real GDP increased at an annual rate of 6.4% in the first quarter of 2021, following an increase of 4.3% in the fourth quarter of 2020. As of April 2021, the International Monetary Fund estimated that the U.S. economy will expand by 6.4% in 2021 and 3.5% in 2022. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the U.S. unemployment rate decreased to 6.0% as of March 31, 2021.
Regardless of the market or economic environment at any given time, Apollo relies on its contrarian, value-oriented approach to consistently invest capital on behalf of its fund investors by focusing on opportunities that management believes are often overlooked by other investors. As such, Apollo’s global integrated investment platform deployed $24.9 billion of capital through the funds it manages during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Drawdown capital deployed was $2.7 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2021. We believe Apollo’s expertise in credit and its focus on nine core industry sectors, combined with more than 31 years of investment experience, has allowed Apollo to respond quickly to changing environments. Apollo’s core industry sectors include chemicals, manufacturing and industrial, natural resources, consumer and retail, consumer services, business services, financial services, leisure, and media/telecom/technology. Apollo believes that these attributes have contributed to the success of its private equity funds investing in buyouts and credit opportunities during both expansionary and recessionary economic periods.
In general, institutional investors continue to allocate capital towards alternative investment managers for more attractive risk-adjusted returns in a low interest rate environment, and we believe the business environment remains generally accommodative to raise larger successor funds, launch new products, and pursue attractive strategic growth opportunities, such as continuing to grow the assets of our permanent capital vehicles. As such, Apollo had $13.4 billion of capital inflows during
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the three months ended March 31, 2021. Apollo returned $3.7 billion of capital and realized gains to the investors in the funds it manages during the three months ended March 31, 2021, respectively.
On October 20, 2020, at a regularly scheduled meeting of AGM Inc.’s board of directors, Apollo’s former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Leon Black, requested that the conflicts committee of the board of directors (comprised of independent directors) retain outside counsel to conduct a thorough review of, and independently confirm, the information that Mr. Black has conveyed about his previous professional relationship with Mr. Jeffrey Epstein. The conflicts committee had retained Dechert LLP as outside counsel to conduct a thorough, independent review which included interviewing individuals and examining relevant documents.
On January 25, 2021, the Company announced that the conflicts committee of the board of directors has completed its previously announced independent review of Mr. Black’s previous professional relationship with Jeffrey Epstein and publicly released the review’s findings. The findings of the report are consistent with statements made by Mr. Black and Apollo regarding the prior relationship.
On January 25, 2021, the Company announced that, at a meeting of the executive committee of our board of directors on January 24, 2021, Mr. Black informed the executive committee members that he intends to retire from his position as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on or before July 31, 2021. Leon Black, Marc Rowan and Joshua Harris, on behalf of our Class C Stockholder, voted to appoint Mr. Rowan as our Chief Executive Officer to begin serving in such role effective upon Mr. Black’s retirement.
On March 21, 2021, Mr. Black stepped down from his position as Chief Executive Officer, Director and Chairman, and as a member of the executive committee of our board of directors. Mr. Rowan formally assumed the role of Chief Executive Officer of AGM Inc. The executive committee of our board of directors appointed Lead Independent Director Jay Clayton to serve as Non-Executive Chairman of the Board effective March 21, 2021.
Managing Business Performance
We believe that the presentation of Segment DE supplements a reader’s understanding of the economic operating performance of each of our segments.
Segment Distributable Earnings and Distributable Earnings
Segment DE is the key performance measure used by management in evaluating the performance of Apollo’s credit, private equity and real assets segments. See note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the components of Segment DE. DE represents Segment DE less estimated current corporate, local and non-U.S. taxes as well as the current payable under Apollo’s tax receivable agreement. DE is net of preferred dividends, if any, to the Series A and Series B preferred stockholders. DE excludes the impacts of the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities which arises from changes in estimated future tax rates. The economic assumptions and methodologies that impact the implied income tax provision are similar to those methodologies and certain assumptions used in calculating the income tax provision for Apollo’s condensed consolidated statements of operations under U.S. GAAP. Specifically, certain deductions considered in the income tax provision under U.S. GAAP, such as the deduction for transaction related charges and equity-based compensation, are taken into account for purposes of the implied tax provision. Management believes that excluding the remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement and deferred taxes from Segment DE and DE, respectively, is meaningful as it increases comparability between periods. Remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement and deferred taxes are estimates that may change due to changes in the interpretation of tax law.
We believe that Segment DE is helpful for an understanding of our business and that investors should review the same supplemental financial measure that management uses to analyze our segment performance. This measure supplements and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations discussed below in “—Overview of Results of Operations” that have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding management’s consideration of Segment DE.
Fee Related Earnings and Fee Related EBITDA
Fee Related Earnings, or “FRE”, is derived from our segment reported results and refers to a component of Segment DE that is used as a supplemental performance measure. See note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the components of FRE.
Fee related EBITDA is a non-U.S. GAAP measure derived from our segment reported results and is used to assess the performance of our operations as well as our ability to service current and future borrowings. Fee related EBITDA
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represents FRE plus amounts for depreciation and amortization. “Fee related EBITDA +100% of net realized performance fees” represents Fee related EBITDA plus realized performance fees less realized profit sharing expense.
We use Segment DE, DE, FRE and Fee related EBITDA as measures of operating performance, not as measures of liquidity. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other income data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The use of these measures without consideration of their related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described above.
Operating Metrics
We monitor certain operating metrics that are common to the alternative investment management industry. These operating metrics include Assets Under Management, capital deployed and uncalled commitments.
Assets Under Management
The following presents Apollo’s Total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM by segment (in billions):
APO-20210331_G2.JPG APO-20210331_G3.JPG
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
















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The following presents Apollo’s AUM with Future Management Fee Potential by segment (in billions):
APO-20210331_G4.JPG
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
The following tables present the components of Performance Fee-Eligible AUM for each of Apollo’s three segments:
As of March 31, 2021
Credit(1)
Private Equity Real Assets Total
  (in millions)
Performance Fee-Generating AUM (1)
$ 41,753  $ 35,177  $ 5,331  $ 82,261 
AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees 10,449  3,407  752  14,608 
Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM 12,411  28,379  5,172  45,962 
Total Performance Fee-Eligible AUM (2)
$ 64,613  $ 66,963  $ 11,255  $ 142,831 
As of March 31, 2020
Credit Private Equity Real Assets Total
  (in millions)
Performance Fee-Generating AUM (1)
$ 16,989  $ 2,168  $ 3,658  $ 22,815 
AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees 30,744  24,076  1,249  56,069 
Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM 8,024  27,500  4,894  40,418 
Total Performance Fee-Eligible AUM (2)
$ 55,757  $ 53,744  $ 9,801  $ 119,302 
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As of December 31, 2020
Credit Private Equity Real Assets Total
  (in millions)
Performance Fee-Generating AUM (1)
$ 34,685  $ 29,296  $ 4,886  $ 68,867 
AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees 16,791  5,035  821  22,647 
Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM 9,847  27,214  5,709  42,770 
Total Performance Fee-Eligible AUM (2)
$ 61,323  $ 61,545  $ 11,416  $ 134,284 
(1)Performance Fee-Generating AUM of $5.1 billion, $1.6 billion and $0.1 billion as of March 31, 2021, December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively, are above the hurdle rates or preferred returns and have been deferred to future periods when the fees are probable to not be significantly reversed.
(2)Effective as of June 30, 2020, Performance Fee-Eligible AUM for Athora includes only capital commitments. Prior period Performance Fee-Eligible AUM has been conformed to reflect this change in presentation.
The following table presents AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees for funds that have invested capital for more than 24 months as of March 31, 2021 and the corresponding appreciation required to reach the preferred return or high watermark in order to generate performance fees:
Strategy / Fund Invested AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees Investment Period Active > 24 Months
Appreciation Required to Achieve Performance Fees(1)
(in millions)
Credit:
Corporate Credit $ 3,894  $ 3,894  2%
Structured Credit 3,944  3,720  7%
Direct Origination 2,611  2,611  3%
Total Credit 10,449  10,225  4%
Private Equity:
Hybrid Capital 699  699  257%
Other PE 2,708  2,363  40%
Total Private Equity 3,407  3,062  89%
Real Assets:
Total Real Assets 752  360  >250bps
Total $ 14,608  $ 13,647 
(1)All investors in a given fund are considered in aggregate when calculating the appreciation required to achieve performance fees presented above. Appreciation required to achieve performance fees may vary by individual investor. Funds with an investment period less than 24 months are “N/A”.
The components of Fee-Generating AUM by segment are presented below:
  As of March 31, 2021
  Credit Private
Equity
Real
Assets
Total
  (in millions)
Fee-Generating AUM based on capital commitments $ 1,201  $ 25,168  $ 6,645  $ 33,014 
Fee-Generating AUM based on invested capital 2,993  15,633  2,445  21,071 
Fee-Generating AUM based on gross/adjusted assets 226,476  1,102  28,234  255,812 
Fee-Generating AUM based on NAV 32,660  711  1,978  35,349 
Total Fee-Generating AUM $ 263,330  $ 42,614 
(1)
$ 39,302  $ 345,246 
(1)The weighted average remaining life of the traditional private equity funds as of March 31, 2021 was 70 months.
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  As of March 31, 2020
  Credit Private
Equity
Real
Assets
Total
  (in millions)
Fee-Generating AUM based on capital commitments $ 3,912  $ 26,849  $ 4,906  $ 35,667 
Fee-Generating AUM based on invested capital 1,400  15,883  2,228  19,511 
Fee-Generating AUM based on gross/adjusted assets 138,723  815  21,380  160,918 
Fee-Generating AUM based on NAV 24,227  429  898  25,554 
Total Fee-Generating AUM $ 168,262  $ 43,976 
(1)
$ 29,412  $ 241,650 
(1)    The weighted average remaining life of the private equity funds at March 31, 2020 was 78 months.
  As of December 31, 2020
  Credit Private
Equity
Real Assets Total
  (in millions)
Fee-Generating AUM based on capital commitments $ 922  $ 25,168  $ 6,580  $ 32,670 
Fee-Generating AUM based on invested capital 3,000  15,393  2,434  20,827 
Fee-Generating AUM based on gross/adjusted assets 238,202  771  26,820  265,793 
Fee-Generating AUM based on NAV 27,534  494  1,356  29,384 
Total Fee-Generating AUM $ 269,658  $ 41,826 
(1)
$ 37,190  $ 348,674 
(1)    The weighted average remaining life of the traditional private equity funds as of December 31, 2020 was 73 months.
The following presents the total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM amounts for our credit segment by category type (in billions):
APO-20210331_G5.JPG APO-20210331_G6.JPG
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
Apollo, through its consolidated subsidiary, ISG, provides asset management services to Athene with respect to assets in the Athene Accounts, including asset allocation services, direct asset management services, asset and liability matching management, mergers and acquisitions, asset diligence, hedging and other asset management services and receives management
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fees for providing these services. The Company, through ISG, also provides sub-allocation services with respect to a portion of the assets in the Athene Accounts. See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the fee rates of the investment management and sub-allocation fee arrangements with respect to the assets in the Athene Accounts.
The following table presents the aggregate Athene Sub-Allocated Total AUM by asset class:
As of
March 31,
As of
December 31,
  2021 2020 2020
  (in millions)
Core Assets $ 46,343  $ 29,015  $ 49,392 
Core Plus Assets 41,810  29,747  41,516 
Yield Assets 70,497  44,271  $ 64,693 
High Alpha 7,027  5,390  6,200 
Other Assets (1)
20,161  16,090  $ 22,473 
Total (2)
$ 185,838  $ 124,513  184,274 
(1)Other Assets include cash, treasuries, equities and alternatives.
(2)Includes $41.9 billion, $10.1 billion and $41.3 billion of gross assets related to Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate 1A Ltd. and $2.2 billion, $2.4 billion and $2.5 billion of unfunded commitments related to Apollo/Athene Dedicated Investment Program (“ADIP”) as of March 31, 2021, March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2020 respectively.
Apollo, through ISGI, provides investment advisory services with respect to certain assets in certain portfolio companies of Apollo funds and sub-advises the Athora Accounts and broadly refers to “Athora Sub-Advised” assets as those assets in the Athora Accounts which the Company explicitly sub-advises as well as those assets in the Athora Accounts which are invested directly in funds and investment vehicles Apollo manages. The Company refers to the portion of the Athora AUM that is not Athora Sub-Advised AUM as “Athora Non-Sub Advised” AUM. See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the fee arrangements with respect to the assets in the Athora Accounts.
The following table presents Athora Sub-Advised and Athora Non-Sub-Advised AUM:
  As of
March 31,
As of
December 31,
2021 2020 2020
  (in millions)
Sub-Advised AUM $ 8,679  $ 3,846  $ 7,800 
Non-Sub-Advised AUM 52,778  11,631  60,790 
Total AUM $ 61,457  $ 15,477  $ 68,590 










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The following presents total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM amounts for our private equity segment by category type (in billions):
APO-20210331_G7.JPG APO-20210331_G8.JPG
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding














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The following presents total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM amounts for our real assets segment by category type (in billions):
APO-20210331_G9.JPG APO-20210331_G10.JPG
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
The following tables summarize changes in total AUM for each of Apollo’s three segments:
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
  2021 2020
Credit Private Equity Real Assets Total Credit Private Equity Real Assets Total
  (in millions)
Change in Total AUM(1):
Beginning of Period $ 328,560  $ 80,716  $ 46,210  $ 455,486  $ 215,530  $ 76,788  $ 38,787  $ 331,105 
Inflows(2)
8,358  2,454  2,565  13,377  6,269  481  507  7,257 
Outflows(3)
(5,891) (62) —  (5,953) (838) (10) (234) (1,082)
Net Flows 2,467  2,392  2,565  7,424  5,431  471  273  6,175 
Realizations (914) (2,363) (434) (3,711) (512) (1,168) (365) (2,045)
Market Activity(2)(4)
(6,852) 8,718  73  1,939  (10,704) (8,422) (598) (19,724)
End of Period $ 323,261  $ 89,463  $ 48,414  $ 461,138  $ 209,745  $ 67,669  $ 38,097  $ 315,511 
(1)At the individual segment level, inflows include new subscriptions, commitments, capital raised, other increases in available capital, purchases, acquisitions and portfolio company appreciation. Outflows represent redemptions, other decreases in available capital and portfolio company depreciation. Realizations represent fund distributions of realized proceeds. Market activity represents gains (losses), the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other income.
(2)For the three months ended March 31, 2021, market activity includes mark-to-market changes and investment income of Athene, which had previously been reported as inflows.
(3)Outflows for Total AUM include redemptions of $0.7 billion and $0.4 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(4)Includes foreign exchange impacts of $(3.1) billion, $(29.3) million and $(136.3) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, and foreign exchange impacts of $(979.7) million, $(12.3) million and $(91.5) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
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    Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Total AUM was $461.1 billion at March 31, 2021, an increase of $5.7 billion, or 1.3%, compared to $455.5 billion at December 31, 2020. The net increase was primarily due to appreciation in the private equity segment. More specifically, the net increase was due to:
Net flows of $7.4 billion primarily related to:
a $2.6 billion increase related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of $1.9 billion of net segment transfers and $0.6 billion of leverage;
a $2.5 billion increase related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of (i) $3.0 billion of subscriptions driven by the corporate credit and direct origination funds we manage, (ii) a $2.3 billion increase in AUM in the advisory and other category due to the growth of our insurance clients; offsetting these increases were $(2.7) billion of net segment transfers, primarily into real assets; and
a $2.4 billion increase related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily consisting of $1.7 billion of subscriptions across the hybrid value and traditional private equity funds we manage.
Realizations of $(3.7) billion primarily related to:
$(2.4) billion related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily consisting of distributions of $0.8 billion and $0.6 billion from Fund VIII and Fund VII, respectively; and
$(0.9) billion related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of distributions from the corporate credit and direct origination funds we manage.
Market activity of $1.9 billion, primarily related to $8.7 billion of appreciation in the private equity segment driven by $2.8 billion and $2.1 billion from Fund VIII and Fund IX, respectively; offset by $(6.9) billion of depreciation in the funds we manage in the credit segment, primarily related to the market activity of $(4.6) billion for Athora, inclusive of foreign exchange impact of $(2.4) billion, and $(2.7) billion for Athene.
The following tables summarize changes in Fee-Generating AUM for each of Apollo’s three segments:
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
  2021 2020
Credit Private Equity Real Assets Total Credit Private Equity Real Assets Total
  (in millions)
Change in Fee-Generating AUM(1):
Beginning of Period $ 269,658  $ 41,826  $ 37,190  $ 348,674  $ 172,893  $ 43,826  $ 29,727  $ 246,446 
Inflows(2)
5,975  1,034  2,354  9,363  7,511  617  191  8,319 
Outflows(3)
(4,997) (188) (99) (5,284) (1,342) (46) (398) (1,786)
Net Flows 978  846  2,255  4,079  6,169  571  (207) 6,533 
Realizations (612) (147) (58) (817) (396) (343) (68) (807)
Market Activity(4)
(6,694) 89  (85) (6,690) (10,404) (78) (40) (10,522)
End of Period $ 263,330  $ 42,614  $ 39,302  $ 345,246  $ 168,262  $ 43,976  $ 29,412  $ 241,650 
(1)At the individual segment level, inflows include new subscriptions, commitments, capital raised, other increases in available capital, purchases, acquisitions and portfolio company appreciation. Outflows represent redemptions, other decreases in available capital and portfolio company depreciation. Realizations represent fund distributions of realized proceeds. Market activity represents gains (losses), the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other income.
(2)For the three months ended March 31, 2021, market activity includes mark-to-market changes and investment income of Athene, which had previously been reported as inflows. Prior period numbers have been recast to conform to the current presentation.
(3)Outflows for Fee-Generating AUM include redemptions of $0.7 billion and $0.4 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(4)Includes foreign exchange impacts of $(2.7) billion, $(1.9) million and $(137.8) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, and foreign exchange impacts of $(646.9) million, $(15.3) million and $(74.7) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Total Fee-Generating AUM was $345.2 billion at March 31, 2021, a decrease of $(3.4) billion or (1.0)%, compared to $348.7 billion at December 31, 2020. The net decrease was primarily due to market activity of $(6.7) billion of depreciation
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in the funds we manage in the credit segment, primarily related to the market activity of Athora. The decrease in market activity was offset by net flows of $4.1 billion primarily related to:
a $2.3 billion increase related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of $1.7 billion of net segment transfers and $0.5 billion of fee-generating capital deployment; and
a $1.0 billion increase related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of (i) $4.2 billion increase in AUM in the advisory and other category due to the growth of our insurance clients and (ii) $1.3 billion of subscriptions across the corporate credit and structured funds we manage; offsetting these increases were (i) $(2.2) billion of net segment transfers, primarily into real assets, and (ii) $(1.1) billion of fee-generating capital reduction.
Deployment, Drawdown Deployment and Uncalled Commitments
During the third quarter of 2020, the Company modified the definition of deployment to include net purchases, certain originations and net syndications to provide a more accurate representation of market activity across all the funds and accounts the Company manages. Prior period deployment figures have been recast to conform to this change in definition. The prior definition of deployment was limited to purchases in our commitment based funds, excluding certain funds in which permanent capital vehicles are the primary investor, and SIAs that have a defined maturity date, and has been renamed “drawdown deployment”.
Uncalled commitments, by contrast, represent unfunded capital commitments that certain of Apollo’s funds and SIAs have received from fund investors to fund future or current fund investments and expenses.
Deployment, drawdown deployment and uncalled commitments are indicative of the pace and magnitude of fund capital that is deployed or will be deployed, and which therefore could result in future revenues that include management fees, transaction fees and performance fees to the extent they are fee-generating. Deployment, drawdown deployment and uncalled commitments can also give rise to future costs that are related to the hiring of additional resources to manage and account for the additional capital that is deployed or will be deployed. Management uses deployment, drawdown deployment and uncalled commitments as key operating metrics since we believe the results are measures of our funds’ investment activities.
Deployment and Drawdown Deployment
The following presents deployment across all funds and drawdown deployment for funds and SIAs with a defined maturity date, by segment (in billions):
APO-20210331_G11.JPG APO-20210331_G12.JPG
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
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Uncalled Commitments
The following presents Apollo’s uncalled commitments by segment (in billions):
APO-20210331_G13.JPG
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Apollo had $49.7 billion and $46.8 billion of dry powder, respectively, which represents the amount of capital available for investment or reinvestment subject to the provisions of the applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage. These amounts exclude uncalled commitments which can only be called for fund fees and expenses and commitments from permanent capital vehicles.
The Historical Investment Performance of Our Funds
Below we present information relating to the historical performance of our funds, including certain legacy Apollo funds that do not have a meaningful amount of unrealized investments, and in respect of which the general partner interest has not been contributed to us.
When considering the data presented below, you should note that the historical results of our funds are not indicative of the future results that you should expect from such funds, from any future funds we may raise or from your investment in our Class A shares.
An investment in our Class A shares is not an investment in any of the Apollo funds, and the assets and revenues of our funds are not directly available to us. The historical and potential future returns of the funds we manage are not directly linked to returns on our Class A shares. Therefore, you should not conclude that continued positive performance of the funds we manage will necessarily result in positive returns on an investment in our Class A shares. However, poor performance of the funds that we manage would cause a decline in our revenue from such funds, and would therefore have a negative effect on our performance and in all likelihood the value of our Class A shares.
Moreover, the historical returns of our funds should not be considered indicative of the future results you should expect from such funds or from any future funds we may raise. There can be no assurance that any Apollo fund will continue to achieve the same results in the future.
Finally, our private equity IRRs have historically varied greatly from fund to fund. For example, Fund VI generated a 12% gross IRR and a 9% net IRR since its inception through March 31, 2021, while Fund V generated a 61% gross IRR and a 44% net IRR since its inception through March 31, 2021. Accordingly, the IRR going forward for any current or future fund
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may vary considerably from the historical IRR generated by any particular fund, or for our private equity funds as a whole. Future returns will also be affected by the applicable risks, including risks of the industries and businesses in which a particular fund invests. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Businesses—The historical returns attributable to our funds should not be considered as indicative of the future results of our funds or of our future results or of any returns expected on an investment in our Class A shares and our Preferred shares” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors—The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economy and is expected to continue to impact our business, financial condition and results of operations” in the 2020 Annual Report.
Investment Record
The following table summarizes the investment record by segment of Apollo’s significant commitment-based funds that have a defined maturity date in which investors make a commitment to provide capital at the formation of such funds and deliver capital when called as investment opportunities become available. The funds included in the investment record table below have greater than $500 million of AUM and/or form part of a flagship series of funds.
All amounts are as of March 31, 2021, unless otherwise noted:
($ in millions) Vintage
Year
Total AUM Committed
Capital
Total Invested Capital Realized Value Remaining Cost Unrealized Value Total Value Gross
IRR
Net
IRR
Private Equity:
Fund IX 2018 $ 27,034  $ 24,729  $ 6,017  $ 1,570  $ 5,256  $ 8,547  $ 10,117  49  % 26  %
Fund VIII 2013 21,144  18,377  16,063  11,691  9,583  17,133  28,824  18  13 
Fund VII 2008 2,881  14,677  16,461  32,583  1,419  912  33,495  33  25 
Fund VI 2006 646  10,136  12,457  21,134  405  21,137  12 
Fund V 2001 260  3,742  5,192  12,721  120  12,723  61  44 
Fund I, II, III, IV & MIA(2)
Various 12  7,320  8,753  17,400  —  —  17,400  39  26 
Traditional Private Equity Funds(3)
$ 51,977  $ 78,981  $ 64,943  $ 97,099  $ 16,783  $ 26,597  $ 123,696  39  % 24 
ANRP III 2020 1,442  1,400  145  37  145  211  248 
NM1
NM1
ANRP II 2016 2,877  3,454  2,704  1,558  1,884  2,121  3,679  17 
ANRP I 2012 331  1,323  1,149  1,044  586  124  1,168  (4)
AION 2013 549  826  699  326  413  454  780  (1)
HVF I 2019 3,693  3,238  2,821  721  2,328  2,816  3,537  31  25 
Total Private Equity $ 60,869  $ 89,222  $ 72,461  $ 100,785  $ 22,139  $ 32,323  $ 133,108 
Credit:
FCI III 2017 $ 2,420  $ 1,906  $ 2,734  $ 1,643  $ 1,878  $ 1,921  $ 3,564  20  % 15  %
FCI II 2013 2,263  1,555  3,082  2,162  1,744  1,597  3,759 
FCI I 2012 —  559  1,516  1,975  —  —  1,975  12 
SCRF IV (6)
2017 2,406  2,502  4,942  3,279  1,899  2,071  5,350 
SCRF III 2015 —  1,238  2,110  2,428  —  —  2,428  18  14 
SCRF II 2012 —  104  467  528  —  —  528  15  12 
SCRF I 2008 —  118  240  357  —  —  357  33  26 
Accord IV 2020 2,366  2,337  266  128  129  157  285 
NM1
NM1
Accord IIIB(7)
2020 1,230  1,758  660  537  102  99  636  23  19 
Accord III 2019 611  886  2,352  2,282  96  173  2,455 
NM1
NM1
Accord II(7)
2018 —  781  801  821  —  —  821  16  12 
Accord I(7)
2017 —  308  111  113  —  —  113  10 
Total Credit $ 11,296  $ 14,052  $ 19,281  $ 16,253  $ 5,848  $ 6,018  $ 22,271 
Real Assets:
European Principal Finance Funds
EPF III(4)
2017 $ 4,965  $ 4,578  $ 3,646  $ 1,796  $ 2,260  $ 3,000  $ 4,796  19  % 10  %
EPF II(4)
2012 1,123  3,486  3,608  4,526  576  345  4,871  13 
EPF I(4)
2007 244  1,519  1,996  3,359  —  3,361  23  17 
U.S. RE Fund III(5)(8)
N/A 683  687  158  155  166  169 
NM1
NM1
U.S. RE Fund II(5)
2016 1,123  1,243  984  543  731  805  1,348  14  11 
U.S. RE Fund I(5)
2012 197  657  641  816  145  112  928  12 
Asia RE Fund II(5)(8)
N/A 635  643  290  289  285  286 
NM1
NM1
Asia RE Fund I(5)
2017 721  624  448  211  291  428  639  18  14 
Apollo Infrastructure Opportunity Fund II(8)
N/A 1,104  1,080  214  —  214  250  250 
NM1
NM1
Apollo Infrastructure Opportunity Fund I 2018 919  897  801  692  358  464  1,156  25  19 
Total Real Assets $ 11,714  $ 15,414  $ 12,786  $ 11,947  $ 5,019  $ 5,857  $ 17,804 
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(1)Data has not been presented as the fund’s effective date is less than 24 months prior to the period indicated and such information was deemed not meaningful.
(2)The general partners and managers of Funds I, II and MIA, as well as the general partner of Fund III, were excluded assets in connection with the 2007 Reorganization. As a result, Apollo did not receive the economics associated with these entities. The investment performance of these funds, combined with Fund IV, is presented to illustrate fund performance associated with Apollo’s Managing Partners and other investment professionals.
(3)Total IRR is calculated based on total cash flows for all funds presented.
(4)Funds are denominated in Euros and historical figures are translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.17 as of March 31, 2021.
(5)U.S. RE Fund I, U.S. RE Fund II, U.S. RE Fund III, Asia RE Fund I and Asia RE Fund II had $160 million, $771 million, $160 million, $281 million and $264 million of co-investment commitments as of March 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in the figures in the table. A co-invest entity within U.S. RE Fund I is denominated in pound sterling and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of £1.00 to $1.38 as of March 31, 2021.
(6)Remaining cost for certain of our credit funds may include physical cash called, invested or reserved for certain levered investments.
(7)Gross and Net IRR have been presented for these funds as they have a defined maturity date of less than 24 months and have substantially liquidated. Gross and Net IRR for Accord IIIB are not annualized.
(8)Vintage Year is not yet applicable as these funds have not had their final closings.
Private Equity
The following table summarizes the investment record for distressed investments made in our traditional private equity fund portfolios, since the Company’s inception. All amounts are as of March 31, 2021:
Total Invested Capital Total Value Gross IRR
  (in millions)  
Distressed for Control $ 7,795  $ 18,888  29  %
Non-Control Distressed 5,758  9,791  71 
Total 13,553  28,679  49 
Corporate Carve-outs, Opportunistic Buyouts and Other Credit(1)
51,390  95,017  21 
Total $ 64,943  $ 123,696  39  %
(1)Other Credit is defined as investments in debt securities of issuers other than portfolio companies that are not considered to be distressed.
The following tables provide additional detail on the composition of the Fund IX, Fund VIII and Fund VII private equity portfolios based on investment strategy. Amounts for Fund I, II, III, IV, V and VI are included in the table above but not presented below as their remaining value is less than $100 million or the fund has been liquidated and such information was deemed not meaningful. All amounts are as of March 31, 2021:
Fund IX(1)
Total Invested Capital Total Value
  (in millions)
Corporate Carve-outs $ 898  $ 1,079 
Opportunistic Buyouts 4,919  7,710 
Distressed(2)
200  1,328 
Total $ 6,017  $ 10,117 
Fund VIII(1)
Total Invested Capital Total Value
  (in millions)
Corporate Carve-outs $ 2,704  $ 6,469 
Opportunistic Buyouts 12,792  21,601 
Distressed(2)
567  754 
Total $ 16,063  $ 28,824 
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Fund VII(1)
Total Invested Capital Total Value
  (in millions)
Corporate Carve-outs $ 2,539  $ 4,053 
Opportunistic Buyouts 4,338  10,792 
Distressed/Other Credit(2)
9,584  18,650 
Total $ 16,461  $ 33,495 
(1)Committed capital less unfunded capital commitments for Fund IX, Fund VIII and Fund VII were $6.3 billion, $16.1 billion and $14.4 billion, respectively, which represents capital commitments from limited partners to invest in such funds less capital that is available for investment or reinvestment subject to the provisions of the applicable limited partnership agreement or other governing agreements.
(2)The distressed investment strategy includes distressed for control, non-control distressed and other credit. Other Credit is defined as investments in debt securities of issuers other than portfolio companies that are not considered to be distressed.
During the recovery and expansionary periods of 1994 through 2000 and late 2003 through the first half of 2007, our private equity funds invested or committed to invest approximately $13.7 billion primarily in traditional and corporate partner buyouts. During the recessionary periods of 1990 through 1993, 2001 through late 2003 and the recessionary and post recessionary periods (beginning the second half of 2007 through March 31, 2021), our private equity funds have invested $60.5 billion, of which $21.1 billion was in distressed buyouts and debt investments when the debt securities of quality companies traded at deep discounts to par value. Our average entry multiple for Fund VIII, VII and VI was 5.7x, 6.1x and 7.7x, respectively, as of March 31, 2021. Our average entry multiple for a private equity fund is the average of the total enterprise value over an applicable adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which may incorporate certain adjustments based on the investment team’s estimates and we believe captures the true economics of our funds’ investments in portfolio companies. The average entry multiple of actively investing funds may include committed investments not yet closed.
Permanent Capital
The following table summarizes the investment record for our permanent capital vehicles by segment, excluding Athene-related and Athora-related assets managed or advised by ISG and ISGI:
Total Returns(1)
IPO Year(2)
Total AUM For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Credit: (in millions)
MidCap(3)
N/A $ 8,913  10  % (4) %
AIF 2013 350  (23) %
AFT 2011 390  (22) %
AINV/Other(4)
2004 4,446  32  (59) %
Real Assets:
ARI 2009 7,218  28  % (57) %
Total $ 21,317 
(1)Total returns are based on the change in closing trading prices during the respective periods presented taking into account dividends and distributions, if any, as if they were reinvested without regard to commission.
(2)An initial public offering (“IPO”) year represents the year in which the vehicle commenced trading on a national securities exchange.
(3)MidCap is not a publicly traded vehicle and therefore IPO year is not applicable. The returns presented are a gross return based on NAV. The net returns based on NAV were 8% and (4)% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively.
(4)Included within total AUM of AINV/Other is $1.6 billion of AUM related to a non-traded business development company from which Apollo earns investment-related service fees, but for which Apollo does not provide management or advisory services. Total returns exclude performance related to this AUM.
SIAs
As of March 31, 2021, Apollo managed approximately $30.4 billion of total AUM in SIAs, which include capital deployed from certain SIAs across Apollo’s credit, private equity and real assets funds.
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Overview of Results of Operations
Revenues
Advisory and Transaction Fees, Net. As a result of providing advisory services with respect to actual and potential credit, private equity, and real assets investments, we are entitled to receive fees for transactions related to the acquisition and, in certain instances, disposition of portfolio companies as well as fees for ongoing monitoring of portfolio company operations and directors’ fees. We also receive advisory fees for advisory services provided to certain credit funds. In addition, monitoring fees are generated on certain structured portfolio company investments. Under the terms of the limited partnership agreements for certain funds, the management fee payable by the funds may be subject to a reduction based on a certain percentage of such advisory and transaction fees, net of applicable broken deal costs (“Management Fee Offset”). Such amounts are presented as a reduction to advisory and transaction fees, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (see note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more detail on advisory and transaction fees, net).
The Management Fee Offsets are calculated for each fund as follows:
65%-100% for certain credit funds, gross advisory, transaction and other special fees;
65%-100% for private equity funds, gross advisory, transaction and other special fees; and
65%-100% for certain real assets funds, gross advisory, transaction and other special fees.
Management Fees. The significant growth of the assets we manage has had a positive effect on our revenues. Management fees are typically calculated based upon any of “net asset value,” “gross assets,” “adjusted par asset value,” “adjusted costs of all unrealized portfolio investments,” “capital commitments,” “invested capital,” “adjusted assets,” “capital contributions,” or “stockholders’ equity,” each as defined in the applicable limited partnership agreement and/or management agreement of the unconsolidated funds.
Performance Fees. The general partners of our funds are entitled to an incentive return of normally up to 20% of the total returns of a fund’s capital, depending upon performance of the underlying funds and subject to preferred returns and high water marks, as applicable. Performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, are accounted for as an equity method investment, and effectively, the performance fees for any period are based upon an assumed liquidation of the funds’ assets at the reporting date, and distribution of the net proceeds in accordance with the funds’ allocation provisions. Performance fees categorized as incentive fees, which are not accounted as an equity method investment, are deferred until fees are probable to not be significantly reversed. Prior to the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance, incentive fees were recognized on an assumed liquidation basis. The majority of performance fees are comprised of performance allocations.
As of March 31, 2021, approximately 53% of the value of our funds’ investments on a gross basis was determined using market-based valuation methods (i.e., reliance on broker or listed exchange quotes) and the remaining 47% was determined primarily by comparable company and industry multiples or discounted cash flow models. For our credit, private equity and real assets segments, the percentage determined using market-based valuation methods as of March 31, 2021 was 74%, 21% and 19%, respectively. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Businesses—Our funds’ performance, and our performance, may be adversely affected by the financial performance of our funds’ portfolio companies and the industries in which our funds invest” and “—The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economy and is expected to continue to impact our business, financial condition and results of operations” in the 2020 Annual Report for discussion regarding certain industry-specific risks that could affect the fair value of our private equity funds’ portfolio company investments.
In our private equity funds, the Company does not earn performance fees until the investors in the fund have achieved cumulative investment returns on invested capital (including management fees and expenses) in excess of an 8% hurdle rate. Additionally, certain of our credit and real assets funds have various performance fee rates and hurdle rates. Certain of our credit and real assets funds allocate performance fees to the general partner in a similar manner as the private equity funds. In our private equity, certain credit and real assets funds, so long as the investors achieve their priority returns, there is a catch-up formula whereby the Company earns a priority return for a portion of the return until the Company’s performance fees equate to its incentive fee rate for that fund; thereafter, the Company participates in returns from the fund at the performance fee rate. Performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, are subject to reversal to the extent that the performance fees distributed exceed the amount due to the general partner based on a fund’s cumulative investment returns. The Company recognizes potential repayment of previously received performance fees as a general partner obligation representing all amounts previously distributed to the general partner that would need to be repaid to the Apollo funds if these funds were to be liquidated based on the current fair value of the underlying funds’ investments as of the reporting date. The actual general
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partner obligation, however, would not become payable or realized until the end of a fund’s life or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement of the fund.
The table below presents an analysis of Apollo’s (i) performance fees receivable on an unconsolidated basis and (ii) realized and unrealized performance fees for Apollo’s combined segments:
As of
March 31, 2021
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
  Performance Fees Receivable on an Unconsolidated Basis Unrealized
 Performance Fees
Realized
Performance Fees
Total
Performance Fees
  (in thousands)
Credit:
Corporate Credit $ 136,782  $ 59,944  $ 10,516  $ 70,460 
Structured Credit 222,715  58,962  7,885  66,847 
Direct Origination 92,844  35,755  4,740  40,495 
Advisory and Other 36,852  11,511  —  11,511 
Total Credit 489,193  166,172  23,141  189,313 
Total Credit, net of profit sharing payable/expense 104,661  63,967  15,187  79,154 
Private Equity:
Fund IX 543,131  389,333  —  389,333 
Fund VIII 1,251,489  449,175  54,494  503,669 
Fund VII(1)(2)
84,779  84,785 
Fund VI(2)
17,518  (296) (287)
Fund IV and V(1)
—  (218) —  (218)
ANRP I, II and III(1)(2)
41,317  61,307  61,309 
HVF I 76,726  30,729  14,478  45,207 
Other(1)(3)
120,820  99,262  1,932  101,194 
Total Private Equity 2,051,007  1,114,071  70,921  1,184,992 
Total Private Equity, net of profit sharing payable/expense 1,188,245  632,638  33,331  665,969 
Real Assets Funds:
Principal Finance(1)
67,382  (10,412) 21,462  11,050 
Real Estate Equity Funds(1)
22,091  (239) —  (239)
AIOF I and II 19,384  6,584  —  6,584 
Other(1)(3)
18,962  13,598  —  13,598 
Total Real Assets 127,819  9,531  21,462  30,993 
Total Real Assets, net of profit sharing payable/expense 52,723  4,902  9,249  14,151 
Total $ 2,668,019  $ 1,289,774  $ 115,524  $ 1,405,298 
Total, net of profit sharing payable(4)/expense
$ 1,345,629  $ 701,507  $ 57,767  $ 759,274 
(1)As of March 31, 2021, certain private equity funds and certain real asset funds had $107.4 million and $41.6 million, respectively, in general partner obligations to return previously distributed performance fees. The fair value gain on investments and income at the fund level needed to reverse the general partner obligations for certain private equity funds and certain real assets funds was $1.3 billion and $59.2 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2021.
(2)As of March 31, 2021, the remaining investments and escrow cash of Fund VII were valued at 61% of the fund’s unreturned capital, which was below the required escrow ratio of 115%. As a result, Fund VII is required to place in escrow current and future performance fee distributions to the general partner until the specified return ratio of 115% is met (at the time of a future distribution) or upon liquidation. As of March 31, 2021, Fund VII had $128.5 million of gross performance fees, or $73.2 million net of profit sharing, in escrow. With respect to Fund VII, realized performance fees currently distributed to the general partner are limited to potential tax distributions and interest on escrow balances per these funds’ partnership agreements. Performance fees receivable as of March 31, 2021 and realized performance fees for the three months ended March 31, 2021 include interest earned on escrow balances that is not subject to contingent repayment.
(3)Other includes certain SIAs.
(4)There was a corresponding profit sharing payable of $1.3 billion as of March 31, 2021, including profit sharing payable related to amounts in escrow and contingent consideration obligations of $113.2 million.

The general partners of certain of our credit funds accrue performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, when the fair value of investments exceeds the cost basis of the individual investors’ investments in the fund, including any allocable share of expenses incurred in connection with such investments, which we refer to as “high water marks.” These high water marks are applied on an individual investor basis. Certain of our credit funds have investors with various high water marks, the achievement of which is subject to market conditions and investment performance.
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Performance fees from our private equity funds and certain credit and real assets funds are subject to contingent repayment by the general partner in the event of future losses to the extent that the cumulative performance fees distributed from inception to date exceeds the amount computed as due to the general partner at the final distribution. These general partner obligations, if applicable, are included in due to related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
The following table summarizes our performance fees since inception for our combined segments through March 31, 2021:
Performance Fees Since Inception(1)
  Undistributed by Fund and Recognized
Distributed by Fund and Recognized(2)
Total Undistributed and Distributed by Fund and Recognized(3)
General Partner Obligation(3)
Maximum Performance Fees Subject to Potential Reversal(4)
  (in millions)
Credit:
Corporate Credit $ 136.8  $ 1,343.0  $ 1,479.8  $ —  $ 159.7 
Structured Credit 222.7  172.5  395.2  —  214.8 
Direct Origination 92.8  50.9  143.7  —  92.6 
Advisory and Other 36.9  —  36.9  —  36.9 
Total Credit 489.2  1,566.4  2,055.6  —  504.0 
Private Equity:
Fund IX 543.1  —  543.1  —  543.1 
Fund VIII 1,251.5  873.1  2,124.6  —  1,833.8 
Fund VII —  3,132.2  3,132.2  20.3  177.8 
Fund VI 17.5  1,663.9  1,681.4  —  0.6 
Fund IV and V —  2,053.1  2,053.1  31.3  0.4 
ANRP I, II and III 41.3  104.8  146.1  12.0  61.3 
HVF I 76.7  34.3  111.0  —  93.0 
Other 120.9  742.5  863.4  43.8  161.9 
Total Private Equity 2,051.0  8,603.9  10,654.9  107.4  2,871.9 
Real Assets:
Principal Finance 67.4  442.1  509.5  27.4  225.3 
Real Estate Equity Funds 22.1  40.2  62.3  14.2  22.8 
AIOF I and II 19.4  15.4  34.8  —  34.8 
Other(5)
18.9  37.2  56.1  —  26.6 
Total Real Assets 127.8  534.9  662.7  41.6  309.5 
Total $ 2,668.0  $ 10,705.2  $ 13,373.2  $ 149.0  $ 3,685.4 
(1)Certain funds are denominated in Euros and historical figures are translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.17 as of March 31, 2021. Certain funds are denominated in pound sterling and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of £1.00 to $1.38 as of March 31, 2021.
(2)Amounts in “Distributed by Fund and Recognized” for the Citi Property Investors (“CPI”), Gulf Stream Asset Management, LLC (“Gulf Stream”), Stone Tower Capital LLC and its related companies (“Stone Tower”) funds and SIAs are presented for activity subsequent to the respective acquisition dates. Amounts exclude certain performance fees from business development companies and Redding Ridge Holdings LP (“Redding Ridge Holdings”), an affiliate of Redding Ridge.
(3)Amounts were computed based on the fair value of fund investments on March 31, 2021. Performance fees have been allocated to and recognized by the general partner. Based on the amount allocated, a portion is subject to potential reversal or, to the extent applicable, has been reduced by the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees at March 31, 2021. The actual determination and any required payment of any such general partner obligation would not take place until the final disposition of the fund’s investments based on contractual termination of the fund.
(4)Represents the amount of performance fees that would be reversed if remaining fund investments became worthless on March 31, 2021. Amounts subject to potential reversal of performance fees include amounts undistributed by a fund (i.e., the performance fees receivable), as well as a portion of the amounts that have been distributed by a fund, net of taxes and not subject to a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees, except for those funds that are gross of taxes as defined in the respective funds’ governing documents.
(5)Other includes certain SIAs.
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Expenses
Compensation and Benefits. Our most significant expense is compensation and benefits expense. This consists of fixed salary, discretionary and non-discretionary bonuses, profit sharing expense associated with the performance fees earned from credit, private equity, and real assets funds and compensation expense associated with the vesting of non-cash equity-based awards.
Our compensation arrangements with certain partners and employees contain a significant performance-based incentive component. Therefore, as our net revenues increase, our compensation costs rise. Our compensation costs also reflect the increased investment in people as we expand geographically and create new funds.
In addition, certain professionals and selected other individuals have a profit sharing interest in the performance fees earned in relation to our private equity, certain credit and real assets funds in order to better align their interests with our own and with those of the investors in these funds. Profit sharing expense is part of our compensation and benefits expense and is generally based upon a fixed percentage of credit, private equity and real assets performance fees. Profit sharing expense can reverse during periods when there is a decline in performance fees that were previously recognized. Profit sharing amounts are normally distributed to employees after the corresponding investment gains have been realized and generally before preferred returns are achieved for the investors. Therefore, changes in our unrealized performance fees have the same effect on our profit sharing expense. Profit sharing expense increases when unrealized performance fees increases. Realizations only impact profit sharing expense to the extent that the effects on investments have not been recognized previously. If losses on other investments within a fund are subsequently realized, the profit sharing amounts previously distributed are normally subject to a general partner obligation to return performance fees previously distributed back to the funds. This general partner obligation due to the funds would be realized only when the fund is liquidated, which generally occurs at the end of the fund’s term. However, indemnification obligations also exist for realized gains with respect to Fund IV, Fund V and Fund VI, which, although our Managing Partners and Contributing Partners would remain personally liable, may indemnify our Managing Partners and Contributing Partners for 17.5% to 100% of the previously distributed profits regardless of the fund’s future performance. See note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s indemnification liability.
Each of Joshua Harris and Marc Rowan receives $100,000 per year in base salary for services rendered to us. Additionally, Messrs. Harris and Rowan can receive other forms of compensation. In addition, AHL Awards and other equity-based compensation awards have been granted to the Company and certain employees, which amortize over the respective vesting periods. The Company grants equity awards to certain employees, including RSUs, restricted Class A shares and options, that generally vest and become exercisable in quarterly installments or annual installments depending on the contract terms over a period of three to six years. In some instances, vesting of an RSU is also subject to the Company’s receipt of performance fees, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. See note 12 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of equity-based compensation.
Other Expenses. The balance of our other expenses includes interest, placement fees, and general, administrative and other operating expenses. Interest expense consists primarily of interest related to the 2024 Senior Notes, the 2026 Senior Notes, the 2029 Senior Notes, the 2030 Senior Notes, the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes, the 2048 Senior Notes and the 2050 Subordinated Notes as discussed in note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Placement fees are incurred in connection with our capital raising activities. In cases where the limited partners of the funds are determined to be the customer in an arrangement, placement fees may be capitalized as a cost to acquire a customer contract, and amortized over the life of the customer contract. General, administrative and other expenses includes occupancy expense, depreciation and amortization, professional fees and costs related to travel, information technology and administration. Occupancy expense represents charges related to office leases and associated expenses, such as utilities and maintenance fees. Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets is normally calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, ranging from two to sixteen years, taking into consideration any residual value. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the expected term of the lease. Intangible assets are amortized based on the future cash flows over the expected useful lives of the assets.
Other Income (Loss)
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities. Net gains (losses) from investment activities include both realized gains and losses and the change in unrealized gains and losses in our investment portfolio between the opening reporting date and the closing reporting date. Net unrealized gains (losses) are a result of changes in the fair value of unrealized investments and reversal of unrealized gains (losses) due to dispositions of investments during the reporting period. Significant judgment and estimation goes into the assumptions that drive these models and the actual values realized with respect to investments could be materially different from values obtained based on the use of those models. The valuation methodologies applied
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impact the reported value of investment company holdings and their underlying portfolios in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities of Consolidated Variable Interest Entities. Changes in the fair value of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities and related interest, dividend and other income and expenses subsequent to consolidation are presented within net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities and are attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Other Income (Losses), Net. Other income (losses), net includes gains (losses) arising from the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement liability and other miscellaneous non-operating income and expenses.
Income Taxes. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and in evaluating income tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. We recognize the income tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation, based on the technical merits of the positions. The tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If a tax position is not considered more likely than not to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. The Company’s income tax positions are reviewed and evaluated quarterly to determine whether or not we have uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition or de-recognition.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences, using currently enacted tax rates, of differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Non-Controlling Interests
For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than Apollo. The aggregate of the income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Non-Controlling Interests relating to Apollo Global Management, Inc. primarily include the 39.8% and 40.4% ownership interest in the Apollo Operating Group held by the Managing Partners and Contributing Partners through their limited partner interests in Holdings as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Additionally, as of March 31, 2021, Athene holds a 6.7% Non-Controlling Interest in the Apollo Operating Group as a result of the Transaction Agreement. Non-Controlling Interests also include limited partner interests in certain consolidated funds and VIEs.
The authoritative guidance for Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements requires reporting entities to present Non-Controlling Interest as equity and provides guidance on the accounting for transactions between an entity and Non-Controlling Interests. According to the guidance, (1) Non-Controlling Interests are presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, (2) net income (loss) includes the net income (loss) attributable to the Non-Controlling Interest holders on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations, (3) the primary components of Non-Controlling Interest are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interests in the Apollo Operating Group and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities and (4) profits and losses are allocated to Non-Controlling Interests in proportion to their ownership interests regardless of their basis.
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Results of Operations
Below is a discussion of our condensed consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. For additional analysis of the factors that affected our results at the segment level, see “—Segment Analysis” below:
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, Amount
Change
Percentage
Change
  2021 2020
(in thousands)
Revenues:
Management fees $ 457,185  $ 396,604  $ 60,581  15.3  %
Advisory and transaction fees, net 56,348  36,963  19,385  52.4 
Investment income (loss):
Performance allocations 1,395,347  (1,734,323) 3,129,670  NM
Principal investment income (loss) 381,966  (187,849) 569,815  NM
Total investment income (loss) 1,777,313  (1,922,172) 3,699,485  NM
Incentive fees 3,854  19,519  (15,665) (80.3)
Total Revenues 2,294,700  (1,469,086) 3,763,786  NM
Expenses:
Compensation and benefits:
Salary, bonus and benefits 174,630  139,269  35,361  25.4 
Equity-based compensation 56,448  52,122  4,326  8.3 
Profit sharing expense 655,480  (635,998) 1,291,478  NM
Total compensation and benefits 886,558  (444,607) 1,331,165  NM
Interest expense 34,799  31,242  3,557  11.4 
General, administrative and other 99,850  84,522  15,328  18.1 
Placement fees 537  409  128  31.3 
Total Expenses 1,021,744  (328,434) 1,350,178  NM
Other Income (Loss):
Net gains (losses) from investment activities 353,151  (1,264,551) 1,617,702  NM
Net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities 112,594  (165,920) 278,514  NM
Interest income 798  7,934  (7,136) (89.9)
Other income (loss), net (17,750) (16,507) (1,243) 7.5 
Total Other Income (Loss) 448,793  (1,439,044) 1,887,837  NM
Income (loss) before income tax (provision) benefit 1,721,749  (2,579,696) 4,301,445  NM
Income tax (provision) provision (203,246) 295,853  (499,099) NM
Net Income (Loss) 1,518,503  (2,283,843) 3,802,346  (166.5)
Net (income) loss attributable to Non-Controlling Interests (839,613) 1,287,625  (2,127,238) NM
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. 678,890  (996,218) 1,675,108  NM
Net income attributable to Series A Preferred Shareholders (4,383) (4,383) —  — 
Net income attributable to Series B Preferred Shareholders (4,781) (4,781) —  — 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. Class A Shareholders $ 669,726  $ (1,005,382) $ 1,675,108  NM
Note: “NM” denotes not meaningful. Changes from negative to positive amounts and positive to negative amounts are not considered meaningful. Increases or decreases from zero and changes greater than 500% are also not considered meaningful.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which has resulted in uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. While we are unable to accurately predict the full impact that COVID-19 will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration and severity of the pandemic and containment measures, our compliance with these measures has impacted our day-to-day operations and could disrupt our business and operations, as well as that of the Apollo Funds and their portfolio companies, for an indefinite period of time. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Businesses — The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economy and is expected to continue to impact our business, financial condition and results of operations” in the 2020 Annual Report.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the three months ended March 31, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the three months ended March 31, 2020.
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Revenues
Management fees increased by $60.6 million to $457.2 million in 2021 from $396.6 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees earned from Athene and Athora of $43.2 million and $17.6 million, respectively. For additional details regarding changes in management fees in each segment, see “—Segment Analysis” below.
Advisory and transaction fees, net, increased by $19.4 million to $56.3 million in 2021 from $37.0 million in 2020. Advisory and transaction fees earned during 2021 were primarily related to portfolio companies in the consumer and retail industries. Advisory and transaction fees earned during 2020 were primarily related to the structuring of a loan for a portfolio company and transaction fees earned with respect to certain portfolio companies in the media, telecom and technology industry.
Performance allocations increased by $3.1 billion to $1.4 billion in 2021 from $(1.7) billion in 2020. Performance allocations during 2021 were primarily driven by private equity fund appreciation of 22% during 2021, while the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic led to unrealized performance allocation losses during 2020.
The increase in performance allocations was primarily attributable to increased performance allocations earned from Fund VIII, Fund IX, Fund VII and ANRP II of $1.8 billion, $402.7 million, $242.1 million and $80.3 million, respectively, during 2021.
The increase in performance allocations from Fund VIII was primarily driven by higher appreciation in the value of the fund’s investments in public portfolio companies primarily in the consumer services, media, telecom and technology, and financial services sectors, as well as appreciation in private portfolio companies primarily in the natural resources and media, telecom and technology sectors during 2021.
The increase in performance allocations from Fund IX was primarily driven by appreciation in the value of the fund’s investments in private portfolio companies in the media, telecom and technology, leisure and financial services sectors during 2021.
The increase in performance allocations from Fund VII was primarily driven by appreciation in the value of the fund’s investments in private portfolio companies in the consumer services sector and in public portfolio companies in the consumer and retail and natural resources sectors during 2021.
The increase in performance allocations from ANRP II was primarily driven by appreciation in the value of the fund’s public and private investments in the natural resources sector during 2021. Additionally, ANRP II met the preferred rate of return during 2021 whereas it was below the preferred rate of return in 2020.
Principal investment income increased by $569.8 million to $382.0 million in 2021 from $(187.8) million in 2020. This change was primarily driven by increases in the value of investments held by certain Apollo funds and other entities in which the Company has a direct interest, mainly with respect to VA Capital Company, LLC, Fund VIII, Fund IX and Redding Ridge Holdings of $245.2 million, $157.1 million, $38.7 million and $26.8 million, respectively. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic led to unrealized principal investment losses during 2020.
Incentive fees decreased by $15.7 million to $3.9 million in 2021 from $19.5 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to incentive fees earned from a strategic investment account of $13.9 million in 2020 which did not occur in 2021.
Expenses
Compensation and benefits increased by $1.3 billion to $886.6 million in 2021 from $(444.6) million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in profit sharing expense of $1.3 billion due to a corresponding increase in performance allocations during 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance allocations in the period. Additionally, there was an increase in salary, bonus and benefits of $35.4 million, primarily attributable to an increase in bonus accruals and headcount.
Included in profit sharing expense is $11.1 million and $37.9 million for 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to the Incentive Pool. See “—Profit Sharing Expense” in the Critical Accounting Policies section for an overview of the Incentive Pool.
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Interest expense increased by $3.6 million to $34.8 million in 2021 from $31.2 million in 2020, primarily due to additional interest expense incurred as a result of the timing of issuances of debt arrangements, as described in note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
General, administrative and other expenses increased by $15.3 million to $99.9 million in 2021 from $84.5 million in 2020. This change was primarily driven by an increase in legal fees during 2021.
Other Income (Loss)
Net gains from investment activities were $353.2 million in 2021 as compared to net losses from investment activities of $(1.3) billion in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to a gain from the company’s investment in Athene Holding during 2021 as compared to a loss on the company’s investment in Athene Holding due to the combined impact of COVID-19 related market dislocation and a higher discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”) during 2020. See note 6 and 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s investment in Athene Holding.
Net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs were $112.6 million in 2021 as compared to net losses from investment activities of consolidated VIEs of $(165.9) million in 2020. The losses in our consolidated VIEs in 2020 were due to unrealized mark-to-market losses from COVID-19 related market dislocation as compared to gains from our consolidated VIEs in 2021, as discussed in note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Income Tax Provision
Income tax (provision) benefit totaled $(203.2) million and $295.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The change was primarily related to the increase in pre-tax income. Significant unrealized mark-to-market gains were recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the unrealized mark-to-market losses recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 due to the market dislocation impact of COVID-19. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local and foreign income taxes resulting in an effective income tax rate of 11.8% and 11.5% for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The most significant reconciling items between our U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and our effective income tax rate were due to the following: (i) income passed through to Non-Controlling Interests and (ii) foreign, state and local income taxes, including NYC UBT (see note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the Company’s income tax provision).
Segment Analysis
Discussed below are our results of operations for each of our reportable segments. They represent the segment information available and utilized by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and to allocate resources. See note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment reporting.
Our financial results vary, since performance fees, which generally constitute a large portion of the income from the funds that we manage, as well as the transaction and advisory fees that we receive, can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. As a result, we emphasize long-term financial growth and profitability to manage our business.
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Credit
The following table sets forth our segment statement of operations information and our supplemental performance measure, Segment Distributable Earnings, within our credit segment.
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, Total Change Percentage Change
  2021 2020
  (in thousands)
Credit:
Management fees $ 268,031  $ 208,229  $ 59,802  28.7%
Advisory and transaction fees, net 33,130  15,267  17,863  117.0
Performance fees(1)
8,771  2,404  6,367  264.9
Fee Related Revenues 309,932  225,900  84,032  37.2
Salary, bonus and benefits (69,379) (57,008) (12,371) 21.7
General, administrative and other (36,629) (35,373) (1,256) 3.6
Placement fees (477) (306) (171) 55.9
Fee Related Expenses (106,485) (92,687) (13,798) 14.9
Other income, net of Non-Controlling Interest (559) (663) 104  (15.7)
Fee Related Earnings 202,888  132,550  70,338  53.1
Realized performance fees(2)
14,371  25,861  (11,490) (44.4)
Realized profit sharing expense (7,954) (25,557) 17,603  (68.9)
Net Realized Performance Fees 6,417  304  6,113  NM
Realized principal investment income, net(2)
1,847  1,374  473  34.4
Net interest loss and other (13,785) (17,114) 3,329  (19.5)
Segment Distributable Earnings $ 197,367  $ 117,114  $ 80,253  68.5%
(1)Represents certain performance fees from business development companies and Redding Ridge Holdings.
(2)Realized principal investment income, net includes dividends from our permanent capital vehicles, net of such amounts used to compensate employees.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the three months ended March 31, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Management fees increased by $59.8 million to $268.0 million in 2021 from $208.2 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees earned from Athene and Athora of $39.4 million and $17.1 million, respectively.
Advisory and transaction fees, net increased by $17.9 million to $33.1 million in 2021 from $15.3 million in 2020. This increase was primarily driven by advisory and transaction fees earned related to portfolio companies in the consumer and retail industries during 2021.
Performance fees increased by $6.4 million to $8.8 million in 2021 from $2.4 million in 2020, primarily attributable to an increase in performance fees earned from Redding Ridge Holdings and a business development company of $4.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Redding Ridge Holdings achieved its annualized hurdle rate during 2021 but did not do so in 2020.
Salary, bonus and benefits expense increased by $12.4 million to $69.4 million in 2021 from $57.0 million in 2020 primarily due to an increase in headcount and bonus accruals.
Realized performance fees decreased by $11.5 million to $14.4 million in 2021 from $25.9 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in realized performance fees generated from Athene of $13.9 million. The decrease in realized performance fees from Athene were a result of realizations from the sale of insurance linked securities during 2020 which did not occur in 2021.
Realized profit sharing expense decreased by $17.6 million to $8.0 million in 2021 from $25.6 million in 2020, as a result of a corresponding decrease in realized performance fees as described above, and decrease in profit sharing expense related to the Incentive Pool. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. Included in realized profit sharing expense is $1.9 million and $15.4 million related to the Incentive Pool for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related
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profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
Net interest loss and other decreased by $3.3 million to $13.8 million in 2021 from $17.1 million in 2020, primarily due to one-time costs to wind down a managed account arrangement incurred during 2020.
Private Equity
The following table sets forth our segment statement of operations information and our supplemental performance measure, Segment Distributable Earnings, within our private equity segment.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, Total Change Percentage Change
  2021 2020
  (in thousands)
Private Equity:
Management fees $ 122,268  $ 125,268  $ (3,000) (2.4)%
Advisory and transaction fees, net 21,331  20,343  988  4.9
Fee Related Revenues 143,599  145,611  (2,012) (1.4)
Salary, bonus and benefits (58,749) (42,480) (16,269) 38.3
General, administrative and other (21,129) (21,994) 865  (3.9)
Placement fees —  (107) 107  (100.0)
Fee Related Expenses (79,878) (64,581) (15,297) 23.7
Other income (loss), net 723  23  700  NM
Fee Related Earnings 64,444  81,053  (16,609) (20.5)
Realized performance fees 70,921  1,143  69,778  NM
Realized profit sharing expense (37,590) (1,447) (36,143) NM
Net Realized Performance Fees 33,331  (304) 33,635  NM
Realized principal investment income 21,703  542  21,161  NM
Net interest loss and other (13,498) (15,674) 2,176  (13.9)
Segment Distributable Earnings $ 105,980  $ 65,617  $ 40,363  61.5%
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the three months ended March 31, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Management fees decreased by $3.0 million to $122.3 million in 2021 from $125.3 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in management fees earned from ANRP II of $6.7 million partially offset by an increase in management fees earned from ANRP III of $4.3 million.
Salary, bonus and benefits expense increased by $16.3 million to $58.7 million in 2021 from $42.5 million in 2020 primarily due to an increase in headcount and bonus accruals.
Realized performance fees increased by $69.8 million to $70.9 million in 2021 from $1.1 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in realized performance fees generated from Fund VIII and Hybrid Value Fund of $54.5 million and $14.5 million, respectively.
The increase in realized performance fees earned from Fund VIII in 2021 were the result of sales and income generated from investments primarily in the manufacturing and industrial, financial services and consumer services sectors, which reduced the previous netting hole to zero and resulted in recognition of the realized performance fees. The increase in realized performance fees earned from Hybrid Value Fund were the result of sales and income generated from investments primarily in the financial services, business services, and media, telecom and technology sectors in 2021. Fund VIII and Hybrid Value Fund had no realized performance fees during 2020.
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Realized profit sharing expense increased by $36.1 million to $37.6 million in 2021 from $1.4 million in 2020, as a result of the corresponding increase in realized performance fees as described above as well as an increase in the profit sharing expense related to the Incentive Pool. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. Included in realized profit sharing expense is $7.2 million of expenses related to the Incentive Pool for 2021. There was no profit sharing expense related to the Incentive Pool for 2020. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
Realized principal investment income increased by $21.2 million to $21.7 million in 2021 from $0.5 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in realizations from Apollo’s equity ownership in Fund VIII and Fund IX of $9.4 million and $8.9 million, respectively, in 2021.
Net interest loss and other decreased by $2.2 million to $13.5 million in 2021 from $15.7 million in 2020 primarily due to one-time costs to wind down a managed account arrangement incurred during 2020.
Real Assets
The following table sets forth our segment statement of operations information and our supplemental performance measure, Segment Distributable Earnings, within our real assets segment.
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, Total change Percentage change
  2021 2020
  (in thousands)
Real Assets:
Management fees 58,370  $ 48,871  $ 9,499  19.4%
Advisory and transaction fees, net 1,034  1,122  (88) (7.8)
Fee Related Revenues 59,404  49,993  9,411  18.8
Salary, bonus and benefits (29,243) (24,533) (4,710) 19.2
General, administrative and other (10,890) (10,986) 96  (0.9)
Placement fees —  —  —  NM
Fee Related Expenses (40,133) (35,519) (4,614) 13.0
Other income (loss), net of Non-Controlling Interest 53  (21) 74  NM
Fee Related Earnings 19,324  14,453  4,871  33.7
Realized performance fees 21,462  38,742  (17,280) (44.6)
Realized profit sharing expense (12,212) (38,742) 26,530  (68.5)
Net Realized Performance Fees 9,250    9,250  NM
Realized principal investment income 3,084  3,667  (583) (15.9)
Net interest loss and other (6,223) (4,346) (1,877) 43.2
Segment Distributable Earnings 25,435  $ 13,774  $ 11,661  84.7%
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the three months ended March 31, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Management fees increased by $9.5 million to $58.4 million in 2021 from $48.9 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees earned from Athene, Apollo Infrastructure Equity Fund II (“AIOF II”), and Apollo US Real Estate Fund III (“US REF III”) of $3.8 million, $2.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
Salary, bonus and benefits expense increased by $4.7 million to $29.2 million in 2021 from $24.5 million in 2020 primarily due to an increase in headcount and bonus accruals.
Realized performance fees decreased by $17.3 million to $21.5 million in 2021 from $38.7 million in 2020. The lower realized performance fees generated in 2021 were primarily attributable to decreases in realized performance fees generated from EPF III and Apollo US Real Estate Fund II (“Apollo US REF II”) of $12.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively.
The realized performance fees from EPF III in 2021 were primarily a result of realizations from residential mortgage backed securities, commercial real estate and investments in a real estate investment trust. The realized performance fees from EPF III in 2020 were primarily attributable to the sale of investments in logistics assets.
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The decrease in realized performance fees from Apollo US REF II were primarily attributable to realizations from investments in the leisure sector in 2020 while the fund had no realized performance fees in 2021.
Realized profit sharing expense decreased by $26.5 million to $12.2 million in 2021 from $38.7 million in 2020 as a result of the corresponding decrease in realized performance fees as described above, and a decrease in profit sharing expense related to the Incentive Pool. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. Included in realized profit sharing expense is $2.0 million and $22.5 million related to the Incentive Pool for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
Net interest loss and other increased by $1.9 million to $6.2 million in 2020 from $4.3 million in 2019 primarily due to additional interest expense incurred as a result of the timing of issuances of debt arrangements, as described in note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements as well as a decrease in interest income earned from U.S. Treasury securities as a result of lower interest rates in 2021.
Summary of Distributable Earnings
The following table is a reconciliation of Distributable Earnings per share of common and equivalent to net dividend per share of common and equivalent.
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
(in thousands, except per share data)
Segment Distributable Earnings $ 328,782  $ 196,505 
Taxes and related payables (25,786) (22,193)
Preferred dividends (9,164) (9,164)
Distributable Earnings 293,832  165,148 
Add back: Tax and related payables attributable to common and equivalents 20,319  19,244 
Distributable Earnings before certain payables(1)
314,151  184,392 
Percent to common and equivalents 54  % 54  %
Distributable Earnings before other payables attributable to common and equivalents 169,642  99,572 
Less: Taxes and related payables attributable to common and equivalents (20,319) (19,244)
Distributable Earnings attributable to common and equivalents(2)
$ 149,323  $ 80,328 
Distributable Earnings per share(3)
$ 0.66  $ 0.37 
(Retained) contributed capital per share(3)
(0.16) 0.05 
Net dividend per share(3)
$ 0.50  $ 0.42 
(1)Distributable Earnings before certain payables represents Distributable Earnings before the deduction for the estimated current corporate taxes and the amounts payable under Apollo’s tax receivable agreement.
(2)“Common and equivalents” consists of total Class A shares outstanding and RSUs that participate in dividends.
(3)Per share calculations are based on end of period Distributable Earnings Shares Outstanding, which consists of total Class A shares outstanding, AOG Units that participate in dividends and RSUs that participate in dividends.
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Summary of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures
The table below sets forth a reconciliation of net income attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. Class A Common Stockholders to our non-U.S. GAAP performance measures:

For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
(in thousands)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. Class A Common Stockholders $ 669,726  $ (1,005,382)
Preferred dividends 9,164  9,164 
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities 70,578  (164,409)
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the Apollo Operating Group 769,035  (1,123,216)
Net Income (Loss) $ 1,518,503  $ (2,283,843)
Income tax provision (benefit) 203,246  (295,853)
Income (Loss) Before Income Tax Provision (Benefit) $ 1,721,749  $ (2,579,696)
Transaction-related charges(1)
20,094  (21,399)
Charges associated with corporate conversion —  1,064 
(Gains) losses from change in tax receivable agreement liability (1,941) — 
Net (income) loss attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities (70,578) 164,409 
Unrealized performance fees (1,290,499) 1,800,181 
Unrealized profit sharing expense 588,992  (681,183)
Equity-based profit sharing expense and other(2)
34,872  34,488 
Equity-based compensation 16,158  14,070 
Unrealized principal investment (income) loss (363,773) 201,570 
Unrealized net (gains) losses from investment activities and other (326,292) 1,263,001 
Segment Distributable Earnings(3)
$ 328,782  $ 196,505 
Taxes and related payables (25,786) (22,193)
Preferred dividends (9,164) (9,164)
Distributable Earnings $ 293,832  $ 165,148 
Preferred dividends 9,164  9,164 
Taxes and related payables 25,786  22,193 
Realized performance fees (106,754) (65,746)
Realized profit sharing expense 57,756  65,746 
Realized principal investment income, net (26,634) (5,583)
Net interest loss and other 33,506  37,134 
Fee Related Earnings $ 286,656  $ 228,056 
Depreciation, amortization and other, net 5,055  3,111 
Fee Related EBITDA $ 291,711  $ 231,167 
Realized performance fees 106,754  65,746 
Realized profit sharing expense (57,756) (65,746)
Fee Related EBITDA + 100% of Net Realized Performance Fees $ 340,709  $ 231,167 
(1)Transaction-related charges include contingent consideration, equity-based compensation charges and the amortization of intangible assets and certain other charges associated with acquisitions, and restructuring charges.
(2)Equity-based profit sharing expense and other includes certain profit sharing arrangements in which a portion of performance fees distributed to the general partner are allocated by issuance of equity-based awards, rather than cash, to employees of Apollo. Equity-based profit sharing expense and other also includes non-cash expenses related to equity awards in unconsolidated related parties granted to employees of Apollo.
(3)See note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding Segment Distributable Earnings for the combined segments.

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The table below sets forth a reconciliation of Class A shares outstanding to our Distributable Earnings Shares Outstanding:
As of
March 31, 2021
As of
March 31, 2020
As of
December 31, 2020
Total Class A shares outstanding 232,222,572  228,834,099  228,873,449 
Non-GAAP Adjustments:
Participating Apollo Operating Group Units 202,098,812  204,028,327  204,028,327 
Vested RSUs 153,379  244,240  1,833,332 
Unvested RSUs Eligible for Dividend Equivalents 8,300,659  8,114,841  6,275,957 
Distributable Earnings Shares Outstanding 442,775,422  441,221,507  441,011,065 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Apollo’s business model primarily derives revenues and cash flows from the assets it manages. Apollo targets operating expense levels such that fee income exceeds total operating expenses each period. The company intends to distribute to its stockholders on a quarterly basis substantially all of its distributable earnings after taxes and related payables in excess of amounts determined to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of the business. As a result, the Company requires limited capital resources to support the working capital or operating needs of the business. While primarily met by cash flows generated through fee income received, liquidity needs are also met (to a limited extent) through proceeds from borrowings and equity issuances as described in notes 10 and 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1.7 billion at March 31, 2021.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been volatility in the financial markets. While the Company is not aware of any events that would result in an immediate impact to our liquidity needs, we continue to monitor developments on the global spread of COVID-19 as additional information is obtained.
Primary Sources and Uses of Cash
The Company has multiple sources of short-term liquidity to meet its capital needs, including cash on hand, annual cash flows from its activities, and available funds from the Company’s $750 million revolving credit facility as of March 31, 2021. The Company believes these sources will be sufficient to fund our capital needs for at least the next twelve months. If the Company determines that market conditions are favorable after taking into account our liquidity requirements, we may seek to issue additional senior notes, preferred equity, or other financing instruments.
The section below discusses in more detail the Company’s primary sources and uses of cash and the primary drivers of cash flows within the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:
  For the Three Months Ended March 31,
  2021 2020
  (in thousands)
Operating Activities $ (228,751) $ 867,614 
Investing Activities 18,863  (759,388)
Financing Activities 1,176,953  (432,891)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities $ 967,065  $ (324,665)
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The assets of our consolidated funds and VIEs, on a gross basis, can be substantially larger than the assets of our core business and, accordingly, could have substantial effect on the accompanying statement of cash flows. Because our consolidated funds and VIEs are treated as investment companies for accounting purposes, their investing cash flow amounts are included in our cash flows from operations. The table below summarizes our condensed consolidated statements of cash flow by activity attributable to the Company and to our consolidated funds and VIEs.
  For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
  2021 2020
  (in thousands)
Net cash provided by the Company’s operating activities $ 412,212  $ 368,649 
Net cash provided by (used in) the Consolidated Funds and VIEs operating activities (640,963) 498,965 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (228,751) 867,614 
Net cash provided by (used in) the Company’s investing activities 2,614  (765,180)
Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds & VIEs investing activities 16,249  5,792 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 18,863  (759,388)
Net cash used in the Company’s financing activities (324,133) (511,902)
Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds and VIEs financing activities 1,501,086  79,011 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities $ 1,176,953  $ (432,891)
Operating Activities
The Company’s operating activities support its investment management activities. The primary sources of cash within the operating activities section include: (a) management fees, (b) advisory and transaction fees, (c) realized performance revenues, (d) realized principal investment income, and (e) investment sales from our consolidated funds and VIEs. The primary uses of cash within the operating activities section include: (a) compensation and non-compensation related expenses, (b) placement fees, (c) interest and taxes, and (d) investment purchases from our consolidated funds and VIEs.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021 cash used by operating activities primarily reflects the operating activity of our consolidated funds and VIEs, which include cash outflows for purchases of investments, offset by cash inflows from consolidated funds. Net cash used by operating activities also reflects cash outflows for compensation, general, administrative, and other expenses, offset by cash inflows from the receipt of management fees, advisory and transaction fees, realized performance revenues, and realized principal investment income.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, cash provided by operating activities primarily includes cash inflows from the receipt of management fees, advisory and transaction fees, realized performance revenues, and realized principal investment income, offset by cash outflows for compensation, general, administrative, and other expenses. Net cash provided by operating activities also reflects the operating activity of our consolidated funds and VIEs, which primarily include cash inflows from consolidated funds and from sale of investments offset by cash outflows for purchases of investments.
Investing Activities
The Company’s investing activities support growth of its business. The primary sources of cash within the investing activities section include distributions from investments. The primary uses of cash within the investing activities section include: (a) capital expenditures, (b) investment purchases, including purchases of U.S. Treasury securities, and (c) equity method investments in the funds we manage.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, cash provided by investing activities primarily reflects the investing activity of our consolidated funds and VIEs, which primarily reflects net contributions to equity method investments.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, cash used by investing activities primarily reflects purchases of U.S. Treasury securities and other investments and net contributions to equity method investments, offset partially by proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury securities.
Financing Activities
The Company’s financing activities reflect its capital market transactions and transactions with owners. The primary sources of cash within the financing activities section includes proceeds from debt and preferred equity issuances. The primary uses of cash within the financing activities section include: (a) distributions, (b) payments under the tax receivable
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agreement, (c) share repurchases, (d) cash paid to settle tax withholding obligations in connection with net share settlements of equity-based awards, and (e) repayments of debt.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, cash provided in financing activities primarily reflects the financing activity of our consolidated funds and VIEs, which primarily include cash inflows from the issuance of debt, proceeds from issuance of securities of a SPAC, offset by payment of underwriting discounts.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, cash used in financing activities primarily reflects dividends to Class A shareholders, distributions to Non-Controlling interest holders, and repurchases of Class A shares.
Future Debt Obligations
The Company had long-term debt of $3.2 billion at March 31, 2021, which includes $3.1 billion of notes with maturities in 2024, 2026, 2029, 2030, 2039, 2048 and 2050. See note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s debt arrangements.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies
The Company had unfunded general partner commitments of $1.0 billion at March 31, 2021, of which $347.9 million related to Fund IX. For a summary and a description of the nature of the Company’s commitments, contingencies and contractual obligations, see note 15 to the condensed consolidated financial statements and “—Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies”. The Company’s commitments are primarily fulfilled through cash flows from operations and (to a limited extent) through borrowings and equity issuances as described in notes 10 and 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively.
Consolidated Funds and VIEs
The Company manages its liquidity needs by evaluating unconsolidated cash flows; however, the Company’s financial statements reflect the financial position of Apollo as well as Apollo’s consolidated funds (including SPACs) and VIEs. The primary sources and uses of cash at Apollo’s consolidated funds and VIEs include: (a) raising capital from their investors, which have been reflected historically as Non-Controlling Interests of the consolidated subsidiaries in our financial statements, (b) using capital to make investments, (c) generating cash flows from operations through distributions, interest and the realization of investments, (d) distributing cash flow to investors, (e) issuing debt to finance investments (CLOs) and (f) raising capital through SPAC vehicles for future acquisition of targeted entities.
Other Liquidity and Capital Resource Considerations
Future Cash Flows
Our ability to execute our business strategy, particularly our ability to increase our AUM, depends on our ability to establish new funds and to raise additional investor capital within such funds. Our liquidity will depend on a number of factors, such as our ability to project our financial performance, which is highly dependent on our funds and our ability to manage our projected costs, fund performance, access to credit facilities, compliance with existing credit agreements, as well as industry and market trends. Also during economic downturns the funds we manage might experience cash flow issues or liquidate entirely. In these situations we might be asked to reduce or eliminate the management fee and performance fees we charge, which could adversely impact our cash flow in the future.
An increase in the fair value of our funds’ investments, by contrast, could favorably impact our liquidity through higher management fees where the management fees are calculated based on the net asset value, gross assets or adjusted assets. Additionally, higher performance fees not yet realized would generally result when investments appreciate over their cost basis which would not have an impact on the Company’s cash flow until realized.
Income Taxes
Effective September 5, 2019, Apollo Global Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, converted to a Delaware corporation named Apollo Global Management, Inc. Subsequent to the conversion, generally all of the income it earns is subject to U.S. corporate income taxes.
Consideration of Financing Arrangements
As noted above, in limited circumstances, the Company may issue debt or equity to supplement its liquidity. The decision to enter into a particular financing arrangement is made after careful consideration of various factors including the
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Company’s cash flows from operations, future cash needs, current sources of liquidity, demand for the Company’s debt or equity, and prevailing interest rates.
Revolver Facility
Under the Company’s AMH Credit Facility, the Company may borrow in an aggregate amount not to exceed $750 million and may incur incremental facilities in an aggregate amount not to exceed $250 million plus additional amounts so long as the Borrower is in compliance with a net leverage ratio not to exceed 4.00 to 1.00. Borrowings under the AMH Credit Facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including without limitation, permitted acquisitions. The AMH Credit Facility has a final maturity date of November 23, 2025. The AMH Credit Facility refinanced the 2018 AMH Credit Facility at substantially the same terms. The 2018 AMH Credit Facility and all related loan documents were terminated as of November 23, 2020.
Dividends and Distributions
For information regarding the quarterly dividends and distributions to Class A shareholders, Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group and participating securities, see note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Although the Company expects to pay dividends according to our dividend policy, we may not pay dividends according to our policy, or at all, if, among other things, we do not have the cash necessary to pay the intended dividends. To the extent we do not have cash on hand sufficient to pay dividends, we may have to borrow funds to pay dividends, or we may determine not to pay dividends. The declaration, payment and determination of the amount of our quarterly dividends are at the sole discretion of the executive committee of our board of directors.
Our current intention is to distribute to our Class A shareholders on a quarterly basis substantially all of our Distributable Earnings attributable to Class A shareholders, in excess of amounts determined by the executive committee of our board of directors to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of our business and, at a minimum, a quarterly dividend of $0.40 per share.
On May 4, 2021, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.50 per Class A share, which will be paid on May 28, 2021 to holders of record at the close of business on May 20, 2021. Also, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.398438 per share of Series A Preferred share and Series B Preferred share which will be paid on June 15, 2021 to holders of record at the close of business on June 1, 2021.
Tax Receivable Agreement
The tax receivable agreement provides for the payment to the Managing Partners and Contributing Partners of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes that AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries realizes subject to the agreement. For more information regarding the tax receivable agreement, see note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
AOG Unit Payment
Pursuant to the binding governance term sheet the Company entered into with the Managing Partners, all AOG Units beneficially owned by each holder of AOG Units (other than Athene) will be transferred to NewCo and one or more of its affiliates in a series of transactions in exchange for (i) such number of shares of Class A common stock of NewCo equal to the aggregate number of Outstanding AOG Units and (ii) an aggregate amount in cash equal to the product of (a) number of Outstanding AOG Units multiplied by (b) $3.66, payable over a period of four years in equal quarterly installments; provided, however, that in the event that the Company consummates the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement simultaneously with the mandatory exchange, the AOG Unit Payment will be payable over the period between the date on which the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are consummated and the third anniversary of the Mandatory Exchange Date in equal quarterly installments. For more information, see “—General”.
Share Repurchases
For information regarding the Company’s share repurchase program, see note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Athora
On April 14, 2017, Apollo made a commitment of €125 million to purchase new Class B-1 equity interests in Athora, a strategic platform that acquires and reinsures traditional closed life insurance policies and provides capital and reinsurance solutions to insurers in Europe which, as of April 2020 was fully drawn. In January 2018, Apollo purchased Class C-1 equity interests in Athora that represent a profits interest in Athora which, upon meeting certain vesting triggers, will be convertible by Apollo into additional Class B-1 equity interests in Athora.
As part of an ongoing capital raise in connection with Athora’s acquisition of VIVAT N.V., Apollo exercised its preemptive rights and made an additional incremental commitment of approximately €58 million to purchase new Class B-1 equity interests in Athora. In addition, in April 2020, Apollo purchased Class C-2 equity interests in Athora that represent a profits interest in Athora which, upon meeting certain vesting triggers, will be convertible by Apollo into additional Class B-1 equity interests in Athora.
Apollo and Athene are minority investors in Athora with a long term strategic relationship. Through its share ownership, Apollo has approximately 19% of the total voting power in Athora, and Athene holds shares in Athora representing 10% of the total voting power in Athora. In addition, Athora shares held by funds and other accounts managed by Apollo represent, in the aggregate, approximately 16% of the total voting power in Athora.
For more information regarding unfunded general partner commitments, see “—Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies”.
Fund VIII, Fund VII, Fund VI, ANRP I and ANRP II Escrow
As of March 31, 2021, the remaining investments and escrow cash of Fund VII was valued at 61% of the fund’s unreturned capital, respectively, which was below the required escrow ratio of 115%. As a result, Fund VII is required to place in escrow current and future performance fee distributions to the general partner until the specified return ratio of 115% is met (at the time of a future distribution) or upon liquidation. Realized performance fees currently distributed to the general partner are limited to potential tax distributions and interest on escrow balances per these funds’ partnership agreements.
Clawback
Performance fees from our private equity funds and certain credit and real assets funds are subject to contingent repayment by the general partner in the event of future losses to the extent that the cumulative performance fees distributed from inception to date exceeds the amount computed as due to the general partner at the final distribution. See “—Overview of Results of Operations—Performance Fees” for the maximum performance fees subject to potential reversal by each fund.
Indemnification Liability
The Company recorded an indemnification liability in the event that our Managing Partners, Contributing Partners and certain investment professionals are required to pay amounts in connection with a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees. See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s indemnification liability.
Investment Management Agreements - ISG
The Company provides asset management and advisory services to Athene as described in note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
The base management fee covers a range of investment services that Athene receives from the Company, including investment management, asset allocation, mergers and acquisition asset diligence and certain operational support services such as investment compliance, tax, legal and risk management support, among others. Additionally, the amended fee agreement provides for a possible payment by the Company to Athene, or a possible payment by Athene to the Company, equal to 0.025% of the Incremental Value as of the end of each year, beginning on December 31, 2019, depending upon the percentage of Athene’s investments that consist of core assets and core plus assets. In furtherance of yield support for Athene, if more than 60% of Athene’s invested assets which are subject to the sub-allocation fees are invested in core and core plus assets, Athene will receive a 0.025% fee reduction on the Incremental Value. As an incentive for differentiated asset management, if less than 50% of Athene’s invested assets which are subject to the sub-allocation fee are invested in core and core plus assets, thereby reflecting a higher allocation toward assets with the highest alpha-generating abilities, Athene will pay an additional fee of 0.025% on Incremental Value.
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The amended fee agreement is intended to provide for further alignment of interests between Athene and the Company. On the Backbook Value, assuming constant portfolio allocations, the near-term impact of the amended fee agreement is anticipated to be immaterial. On the Incremental Value, assuming the same allocations as the Backbook Value, total fees paid by Athene to the Company are expected to be marginally lower than fees paid by Athene to the Company would have been under the prior fee arrangement. If invested asset allocations are more heavily weighted to assets with lower alpha-generating abilities than Athene’s current investment portfolio, the fees that Athene pays to the Company under the amended fee agreement would be expected to decline relative to the prior fee arrangement. Conversely, if a greater proportion of Athene’s investment portfolio is allocated to differentiated assets with higher alpha-generating abilities, Athene’s net investment earned rates would be expected to increase, and so would the fees Athene pays to the Company relative to the prior fee arrangement.
Strategic Transaction with Athene Holding
On October 27, 2019 Athene Holding, AGM Inc. and the entities that form the Apollo Operating Group entered into the Transaction Agreement. Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, Athene Holding issued on February 28, 2020, 35,534,942 AHL Class A Common Shares to certain subsidiaries of the Apollo Operating Group in exchange for (i) issuance by the Apollo Operating Group of 29,154,519 non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group to Athene Holding and (ii) $350 million in cash. See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Transaction Agreement with Athene Holding.
Termination Fee with Athene Holding
See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the termination fee that could be payable by AGM Inc. upon termination of the Merger Agreement with Athene Holding.
Equity-Based Profit Sharing Expense
Profit sharing amounts are generally not paid until the related performance fees are distributed to the general partner upon realization of the fund’s investments. Under certain profit sharing arrangements, a portion of the performance fees distributed to the general partner is allocated by issuance of equity-based awards, rather than cash, to employees. See note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the accounting for the Company’s profit sharing arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon the condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates. A summary of our significant accounting policies is presented in note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. The following is a summary of our accounting policies that are affected most by judgments, estimates and assumptions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created disruption and uncertainty in the global economy and financial markets. Although we cannot predict with certainty the full magnitude of the economic ramifications, we have accounted for pandemic-related circumstances when applying judgments and assumptions and updated our estimates accordingly when and as applicable.
Consolidation
The Company assesses all entities with which it is involved for consolidation on a case by case basis depending on the specific facts and circumstances surrounding each entity. Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity. Apollo factors in all economic interests including proportionate interests through related parties, to determine if such interests are to be considered a variable interest. As Apollo’s interest in many of these entities is solely through market rate fees and/or insignificant indirect interests through related parties, Apollo is generally not considered to have a variable interest in many of these entities under the guidance and no further consolidation analysis is performed. For entities where the Company has determined that it does hold a variable interest, the Company performs an assessment to determine whether each of those entities qualify as a VIE.
The determination as to whether an entity qualifies as a VIE depends on the facts and circumstances surrounding each entity and therefore certain of Apollo’s funds may qualify as VIEs under the variable interest model whereas others may qualify as voting interest entities (“VOEs”) under the voting interest model. The granting of substantive kick-out rights is a key
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consideration in determining whether a limited partnership or similar entity is a VIE and whether or not that entity should be consolidated.
Under the voting interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest. Apollo does not consolidate those VOEs in which substantive kick-out rights have been granted to the unaffiliated investors to either dissolve the fund or remove the general partner.
 Under the variable interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities where it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity.
The assessment of whether an entity is a VIE and the determination of whether Apollo should consolidate such VIE requires judgment by our management. Those judgments include, but are not limited to: (i) determining whether the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (ii) evaluating whether the holders of equity investment at risk, as a group, can make decisions that have a significant effect on the success of the entity, (iii) determining whether the equity investors have proportionate voting rights to their obligations to absorb losses or rights to receive the expected residual returns from an entity and (iv) evaluating the nature of the relationship and activities of those related parties with shared power or under common control for purposes of determining which party within the related-party group is most closely associated with the VIE. Judgments are also made in determining whether a member in the equity group has a controlling financial interest including power to direct activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and rights to receive benefits or obligations to absorb losses that could be potentially significant to the VIE. This analysis considers all relevant economic interests including proportionate interests held through related parties.
Revenue Recognition
Performance Fees. We earn performance fees from our funds as a result of such funds achieving specified performance criteria. Such performance fees generally are earned based upon a fixed percentage of realized and unrealized gains of various funds after meeting any applicable hurdle rate or threshold minimum.
Performance allocations are performance fees that are generally structured from a legal standpoint as an allocation of capital to the Company. Performance allocations from certain of the funds that we manage are subject to contingent repayment and are generally paid to us as particular investments made by the funds are realized. If, however, upon liquidation of a fund, the aggregate amount paid to us as performance fees exceeds the amount actually due to us based upon the aggregate performance of the fund, the excess (in certain cases net of taxes) is required to be returned by us to that fund. We account for performance allocations as an equity method investment, and accordingly, we accrue performance allocations quarterly based on fair value of the underlying investments and separately assess if contingent repayment is necessary. The determination of performance allocations and contingent repayment considers both the terms of the respective partnership agreements and the current fair value of the underlying investments within the funds. Estimates and assumptions are made when determining the fair value of the underlying investments within the funds and could vary depending on the valuation methodology that is used. See “Investments, at Fair Value” below for further discussion related to significant estimates and assumptions used for determining fair value of the underlying investments in our credit, private equity and real assets funds.
Incentive fees are performance fees structured as a contractual fee arrangement rather than a capital allocation. Incentive fees are generally received from the management of CLOs, managed accounts and AINV. For a majority of our incentive fees, once the quarterly or annual incentive fees have been determined, there is no look-back to prior periods for a potential contingent repayment, however, certain other incentive fees can be subject to contingent repayment at the end of the life of the entity. In accordance with the revenue recognition standard, certain incentive fees are considered a form of variable consideration and therefore are deferred until fees are probable to not be significantly reversed. There is significant judgment involved in determining if the incentive fees are probable to not be significantly reversed, but generally the Company will defer the revenue until the fees are crystallized or are no longer subject to clawback or reversal.
Management Fees. Management fees related to our credit funds, can be based on net asset value, gross assets, adjusted cost of all unrealized portfolio investments, capital commitments, adjusted assets, capital contributions, or stockholders’ equity all as defined in the respective partnership agreements. The credit management fee calculations that consider net asset value, gross assets, adjusted cost of all unrealized portfolio investments and adjusted assets are normally based on the terms of the respective partnership agreements and the current fair value of the underlying investments within the funds. Estimates and assumptions are made when determining the fair value of the underlying investments within the funds and could vary depending on the valuation methodology that is used. The management fees related to our private equity funds, by contrast, are generally based on a fixed percentage of the committed capital or invested capital. The corresponding fee calculations that consider committed capital or invested capital are both objective in nature and therefore do not require the use
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of significant estimates or assumptions. The management fees related to our real assets funds are generally based on a specific percentage of the funds’ stockholders’ equity or committed or net invested capital or the capital accounts of the limited partners. See “Investments, at Fair Value” below for further discussion related to significant estimates and assumptions used for determining fair value of the underlying investments in our credit, private equity and real assets funds.
Investments, at Fair Value
On a quarterly basis, Apollo utilizes valuation committees consisting of members from senior management, to review and approve the valuation results related to the investments of the funds it manages. For certain publicly traded vehicles managed by Apollo, a review is performed by an independent board of directors. The Company also retains external valuation firms to provide third-party valuation consulting services to Apollo, which consist of certain limited procedures that management identifies and requests them to perform. The limited procedures provided by the external valuation firms assist management with validating their valuation results or determining fair value. The Company performs various back-testing procedures to validate their valuation approaches, including comparisons between expected and observed outcomes, forecast evaluations and variance analyses. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, the estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and the differences could be material.
The fair values of the investments in our funds can be impacted by changes to the assumptions used in the underlying valuation models. For further discussion on the impact of changes to valuation assumptions see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Sensitivity” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to the valuation approaches utilized during the periods that our financial results are presented in this report.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Except for the Company’s debt obligations (each as defined in note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements), Apollo’s financial instruments are recorded at fair value or at amounts whose carrying values approximate fair value. See “—Investments, at Fair Value” above. While Apollo’s valuations of portfolio investments are based on assumptions that Apollo believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the actual realized gains or losses will depend on, among other factors, future operating results, the value of the assets and market conditions at the time of disposition, any related transaction costs and the timing and manner of sale, all of which may ultimately differ significantly from the assumptions on which the valuations were based. Financial instruments’ carrying values generally approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments or variable interest rates related to the borrowings.
Profit Sharing Expense. Profit sharing expense is primarily a result of agreements with our Contributing Partners and employees to compensate them based on the ownership interest they have in the general partners of the Apollo funds. Therefore, changes in the fair value of the underlying investments in the funds we manage and advise affect profit sharing expense. The Contributing Partners and employees are allocated approximately 30% to 50%, of the total performance fees which is driven primarily by changes in fair value of the underlying fund’s investments and is treated as compensation expense. Additionally, profit sharing expenses paid may be subject to clawback from employees, former employees and Contributing Partners to the extent not indemnified. When applicable, the accrual for potential clawback of previously distributed profit sharing amounts, which is a component of due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, represents all amounts previously distributed to employees, former employees and Contributing Partners that would need to be returned to the general partner if the Apollo funds were to be liquidated based on the current fair value of the underlying funds’ investments as of the reporting date. The actual general partner receivable, however, would not become realized until the end of a fund’s life.
Several of the Company’s employee remuneration programs are dependent upon performance fee realizations, including the Incentive Pool, and dedicated performance fee rights and certain RSU awards for which vesting is contingent, in part, on the realization of performance fees in a specified period. The Company established these programs to attract and retain, and provide incentive to, partners and employees of the Company and to more closely align the overall compensation of partners and employees with the overall realized performance of the Company. Dedicated performance fee rights entitle their holders to payments arising from performance fee realizations. The Incentive Pool enables certain partners and employees to earn discretionary compensation based on realized performance fees in a given year, which amounts are reflected in profit sharing expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.  Amounts earned by participants as a result of their performance fee rights (whether dedicated or Incentive Pool) will vary year-to-year depending on the overall realized performance of the Company (and, in the case of the Incentive Pool, on their individual performance). There is no assurance that the Company will continue to compensate individuals through the same types of arrangements in the future and there may be periods when the Company determines that allocations of realized performance fees are not sufficient to compensate
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individuals, which may result in an increase in salary, bonus and benefits, the modification of existing programs or the use of new remuneration programs.  Reductions in performance fee revenues could also make it harder to retain employees and cause employees to seek other employment opportunities.
Fair Value Option. Apollo has elected the fair value option for the Company’s investment in Athene Holding, the assets and liabilities of certain of its consolidated VIEs (including CLOs), the Company’s U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities greater than three months when purchased and certain of the Company’s other investments. Such election is irrevocable and is applied to financial instruments on an individual basis at initial recognition. See notes 3, 5, and 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further disclosure.
Equity-Based Compensation. Equity-based compensation is accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires that the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award is generally measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. Equity-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards) are expensed immediately. Equity-based employee awards that require future service are recognized over the relevant service period. In addition, certain RSUs granted by the Company vest subject to continued employment and the Company’s receipt of performance fees, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, equity-based compensation expense for such awards, if and when granted, will be recognized on an accelerated recognition method over the requisite service period to the extent the performance fee metrics are met or deemed probable. The addition of these performance measures helps to promote the interests of our Class A shareholders and fund investors by making RSU vesting contingent on the realization and distribution of profits on our funds. Forfeitures of equity-based awards are accounted for when they occur. Apollo’s equity-based awards consist of, or provide rights with respect to, AOG Units, RSUs, share options, restricted shares, AHL Awards and other equity-based compensation awards. For more information regarding Apollo’s equity-based compensation awards, see note 12 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s assumptions made to determine the fair value on grant date are embodied in the calculations of compensation expense.
A significant part of our compensation expense is derived from amortization of RSUs. The fair value of all RSU grants after March 29, 2011 is based on the grant date fair value, which considers the public share price of the Company. The Company has three types of RSU grants, which we refer to as Plan Grants, Bonus Grants, and Performance Grants. Plan Grants may or may not provide the right to receive dividend equivalents until the RSUs vest and, for grants made after 2011, the underlying shares are generally issued by March 15th after the year in which they vest. For Plan Grants, the grant date fair value is based on the public share price of the Company, and is discounted for transfer restrictions and lack of dividends until vested if applicable. Bonus Grants provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on both vested and unvested RSUs and Performance Grants provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on vested RSUs and may also provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on unvested RSUs. Both Bonus Grants and Performance Grants are generally issued by March 15th of the year following the year in which they vest. For Bonus Grants and Performance Grants, the grant date fair value for the periods presented is based on the public share price of the Company, and is discounted for transfer restrictions.
We utilized the present value of a growing annuity formula to calculate a discount for the lack of pre-vesting dividends on certain Plan Grant and Performance Grant RSUs.
We utilize the Finnerty Model to calculate a marketability discount on the Plan Grant, Bonus Grant and Performance Grant RSUs to account for the lag between vesting and issuance. The Finnerty Model provides for a valuation discount reflecting the holding period restriction embedded in a restricted security preventing its sale over a certain period of time.
The Finnerty Model proposes to estimate a discount for lack of marketability such as transfer restrictions by using an option pricing theory. This model has gained recognition through its ability to address the magnitude of the discount by considering the volatility of a company’s stock price and the length of restriction. The concept underpinning the Finnerty Model is that a restricted security cannot be sold over a certain period of time. Further simplified, a restricted share of equity in a company can be viewed as having forfeited a put on the average price of the marketable equity over the restriction period (also known as an “Asian Put Option”). If we price an Asian Put Option and compare this value to that of the assumed fully marketable underlying security, we can effectively estimate the marketability discount. The inputs utilized in the Finnerty Model are (i) length of holding period, (ii) volatility and (iii) dividend yield.
Income Taxes
Effective September 5, 2019, Apollo Global Management, LLC converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation named Apollo Global Management, Inc. Subsequent to the conversion, generally all of the income it earns from the Apollo Operating Group (“AOG”) entities is subject to U.S. corporate income taxes. Certain of the
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AOG entities operate as partnerships for U.S. income tax purposes and are subject to New York City unincorporated business taxes (“NYC UBT”). Certain non-U.S. entities are also subject to non-U.S. corporate income taxes.
Significant judgment is required in determining tax expense and in evaluating tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. The Company recognizes the tax benefit of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If a tax position is not considered more likely than not to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. The Company’s tax positions are reviewed and evaluated quarterly to determine whether the Company has uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis using currently enacted tax rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period during which the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Fair Value Measurements
See note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the Company’s fair value measurements.
We continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 in our valuation considerations. Any updated information available from the portfolio companies and relevant market data as of the date of this report were incorporated in Apollo’s valuation considerations. Where an updated forecast was not available, Apollo’s valuation assumed change in the portfolio company’s performance guided by relevant market data and our understanding of the underlying business.
As discussed in Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, Apollo utilizes valuation committees consisting of members from senior management, to review and approve the valuation results related to the investments of the funds it manages. For certain publicly traded vehicles managed by the Company, a review is performed by an independent board of directors. The Company also retains external valuation firms to provide third-party valuation consulting services to Apollo, which consist of certain limited procedures that management identifies and requests them to perform. Please refer to Note 6 of this report for more details on valuation techniques employed by Apollo to determine fair value of its investments in credit, private equity and real assets investments. The following section outlines some of the additional considerations with respect to COVID-19 that are incorporated in our valuation approach.
    Credit Investments
The majority of investments in Apollo’s credit funds are valued based on quoted market prices. Quoted market prices are considered to be indicative of fair value, incorporating all the risks and uncertainties associated with the underlying instrument in the prevailing market environment. Apollo’s valuation team further analyzes how prices have moved over the measurement period within each asset class and sector and compared it with the relevant benchmark indices.
Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value utilizing a model-based approach to determine fair value. Apollo’s privately valued credit portfolio is concentrated in bank loans to middle-market companies, loans backed by commercial real estate, aviation and other asset backed loans, and life settlements. Valuation approaches used to estimate the fair value of illiquid credit investments may also include the market approach and the income approach. Most private debt instruments are valued utilizing discounted cash flow models where the key valuation drivers are market yield/credit spread, timing of cash flows and recovery of principal amount. Some of the considerations incorporated in determining the key valuation inputs in our model-based valuation approaches include but are not limited to:
relative liquidity and change in liquidity profile of an asset class compared to underlying assets in an observable benchmark;
specific contractual terms such as LIBOR floor, covenants or extension features;
portfolio company specific business strength or weakness as it relates to COVID-19;
portfolio company’s liquidity profile;
expected maturity of debt instruments, which could be different than the contractual maturity;
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requested or granted amendments or deferrals; and
expected recovery and timing of recovery for distressed debt instruments.
    Private Equity Investments
Over two thirds of Apollo’s private equity investments are valued using a market approach or an observable market price making overall portfolio returns in-line with relevant benchmark indices. Some of the additional considerations incorporated in valuation approaches include but are not limited to:
relative liquidity and change in liquidity profile of the portfolio company; and
portfolio company-specific business strength or weakness as it relates to COVID-19.
    Real Assets Investments
The estimated fair value of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) in Apollo’s real assets funds is determined by reference to market prices provided by certain dealers who make a market in these financial instruments. Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available, such as private commercial real estate debt and equity investments in entities that own real estate, are valued at fair value utilizing a model-based approach to determine fair value. Some of the considerations incorporated in our model-based valuation approaches include but are not limited to:
property type specific considerations of potential disruption e.g., higher impact on hospitality or retail than residential;
individual property specific considerations: region and sub-market, tenant profile and liquidity profile;
requested or granted amendments or deferrals;
expected maturity of debt instruments; for example, debt maturing in near term are priced utilizing extensions assuming borrowers may not re-finance in the current market environment; and
loans evaluated for possible impairment.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
A list of recent accounting pronouncements that are relevant to Apollo and its industry is included in note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we engage in off-balance sheet arrangements, including transactions in derivatives, guarantees, commitments, indemnifications and potential contingent repayment obligations. See note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of guarantees and contingent obligations.
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Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies
The Company’s material contractual obligations consisted of lease obligations, contractual commitments as part of the ongoing operations of the funds and debt obligations. Fixed and determinable payments due in connection with these obligations are as follows as of March 31, 2021:
Remaining 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total
  (in thousands)
Operating lease obligations(1)
$ 33,934  $ 52,040  $ 52,085  $ 48,417  $ 46,123  $ 433,989  $ 666,588 
Other long-term obligations(2)
25,226  3,482  1,998  812  704  704  32,926 
2018 AMH Credit Facility(3)
506  675  675  675  611  —  3,142 
2024 Senior Notes(3)
15,000  20,000  20,000  508,333  —  —  563,333 
2026 Senior Notes(3)
16,500  22,000  22,000  22,000  22,000  508,983  613,483 
2029 Senior Notes(3)
24,665  32,886  32,886  32,886  32,886  777,933  934,142 
2030 Senior Notes(3)
9,938  13,250  13,250  13,250  13,250  558,663  621,601 
2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes(3)(4)
11,627  15,503  15,503  15,503  15,503  379,558  453,197 
2048 Senior Notes(3)
11,250  15,000  15,000  15,000  15,000  633,750  705,000 
2050 Subordinated Notes(3)
11,138  14,850  14,850  14,850  14,850  656,994  727,532 
Secured Borrowing I 259  345  345  345  345  20,488  22,127 
Secured Borrowing II 254  339  339  339  339  22,073  23,683 
2016 AMI Term Facility I 193  257  257  257  19,800  —  20,764 
2016 AMI Term Facility II 201  268  19,281  —  —  —  19,750 
Obligations $ 160,691  $ 190,895  $ 208,469  $ 672,667  $ 181,411  $ 3,993,135  $ 5,407,268 
(1)Operating lease obligations excludes $132.0 million of other operating expenses associated with operating leases. Operating lease obligations includes $260.6 million related to leases that have not yet commenced.
(2)Includes (i) payments on management service agreements related to certain assets and (ii) payments with respect to certain consulting agreements entered into by the Company. Note that a significant portion of these costs are reimbursable by funds.
(3)See note 10 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of these debt obligations.
(4)Payments based on anticipated repayment date of July 2029.    

Note:    Due to the fact that the timing of certain amounts to be paid cannot be determined or for other reasons discussed below, the following contractual commitments have not been presented in the table above.
(i)As noted previously, we have entered into a tax receivable agreement with our Managing Partners and Contributing Partners which requires us to pay to our Managing Partners and Contributing Partners 85% of any tax savings received by AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries from our step-up in tax basis. The tax savings achieved may not ensure that we have sufficient cash available to pay this liability and we might be required to incur additional debt to satisfy this liability.
(ii)Debt amounts related to the consolidated VIEs are not presented in the table above as the Company is not a guarantor of these non-recourse liabilities.
(iii)In connection with the Stone Tower acquisition, the Company agreed to pay the former owners of Stone Tower a specified percentage of any future performance fees earned from certain of the Stone Tower funds, CLOs and strategic investment accounts. This contingent consideration liability is remeasured to fair value at each reporting period until the obligations are satisfied. See note 15 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the contingent consideration liability.
(iv)Commitments from certain of our subsidiaries to contribute to the funds we manage and certain related parties.
Commitments
Certain of our management companies and general partners are committed to contribute to the funds we manage and certain related parties. While a small percentage of these amounts are funded by us, the majority of these amounts have historically been funded by our related parties, including certain of our employees and certain Apollo funds. The table below presents the commitment and remaining commitment amounts of Apollo and its related parties, the percentage of total fund commitments of Apollo and its related parties, the commitment and remaining commitment amounts of Apollo only (excluding related parties), and the percentage of total fund commitments of Apollo only (excluding related parties) for each credit, private equity and real assets fund as of March 31, 2021 ($ in millions):
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Fund Apollo and Related Party Commitments Apollo Only (Excluding Related Party) Commitments Apollo and Related Party Remaining Commitments Apollo Only (Excluding Related Party) Remaining Commitments
Credit:
FCI III $ 224.3  $ 0.1  $ 110.3  $ 0.1 
SCRF IV 416.1  33.1  124.2  9.7 
Accord IV 246.2  20.0  232.7  18.9 
Accord IIIB 140.5  14.1  97.8  11.3 
Accord III 225.1  0.1  97.8  — 
Apollo Strategic Origination Partners 6,121.2  121.2  5,967.8  118.2 
Apollo Origination Partners 1,352.7  7.7  1,352.7  7.7 
Other Credit 8,814.9  627.5  2,605.5  128.4 
Total Credit 17,541.0  823.8  10,588.8  294.3 
Private Equity:
Fund IX 1,914.5  454.5  1,447.6  347.9 
Fund VIII 1,543.5  396.8  218.2  58.1 
Fund VII 467.2  178.1  59.7  22.9 
ANRP III 650.1  20.4  568.5  17.9 
ANRP II 481.2  26.1  105.4  5.9 
ANRP I 376.1  10.1  47.3  1.0 
AION Capital Partners 151.0  50.0  15.6  4.9 
HVF 839.6  63.4  236.3  17.8 
Other Private Equity 4,893.6  327.8  2,170.6  163.5 
Total Private Equity 11,316.8  1,527.2  4,869.2  639.9 
Real Assets:
European Principal Finance Funds
EPF III(1)
609.4  74.2  285.1  35.8 
EPF II(1)
412.0  60.2  91.1  17.9 
EPF I(1)
315.1  20.8  50.8  4.7 
U.S. RE Fund III(2)
349.5  2.6  274.4  1.4 
U.S. RE Fund II(2)
670.7  4.9  202.9  1.4 
U.S. RE Fund I(2)
435.3  16.7  77.3  2.6 
Asia RE Fund II(2)
642.6  3.1  379.2  2.3 
Asia RE Fund I(2)
364.3  8.4  176.9  3.2 
Apollo Infrastructure Opportunities Fund II 406.2  16.2  371.9  14.9 
Apollo Infrastructure Opportunities Fund I(3)
241.2  8.9  64.6  2.4 
Other Real Assets 491.9  5.1  32.4  2.3 
Total Real Assets 4,938.2  221.1  2,006.6  88.9 
Total $ 33,796.0  $ 2,572.1  $ 17,464.6  $ 1,023.1 
(1)Apollo’s commitment in these funds is denominated in Euros and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.17 as of March 31, 2021.
(2)Figures for U.S. RE Fund I include base, additional, and co-investment commitments. A co-investment vehicle within U.S. RE Fund I is denominated in pound sterling and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of £1.00 to $1.38 as of March 31, 2021. Figures for U.S. RE Fund II, U.S. RE Fund III, Asia RE Fund I and Asia RE Fund II include co-investment commitments.
(3)Figures for AIOF I include Apollo Infra Equity US Fund, L.P. and Apollo Infra Equity International Fund, L.P. commitments.
The AMH Credit Facility, 2024 Senior Notes, 2026 Senior Notes, 2029 Senior Notes, 2030 Senior Notes, 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes, the 2048 Senior Notes and the 2050 Subordinated Notes will have future impacts on our cash uses. See note 10 of our condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding the Company’s debt arrangements.
Contingent Obligation—Performance fees with respect to certain credit and private equity funds and real assets funds is subject to reversal in the event of future losses to the extent of the cumulative performance fees recognized in income to date. See note 15 of our condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of our contingent obligation.
One of the Company’s subsidiaries, AGS, provides underwriting commitments in connection with securities offerings of related parties of Apollo, including portfolio companies of the funds Apollo manages, as well as third parties. As of March 31, 2021, AGS had an unfunded contingent commitment of $50.6 million outstanding related to such commitments. The commitment expired on April 1, 2021 with no funding on the part of AGS.
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ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our predominant exposure to market risk is related to our role as investment manager and general partner for our funds and the sensitivity to movements in the fair value of their investments and resulting impact on performance fees and management fee revenues. Our direct investments in the funds also expose us to market risk whereby movements in the fair values of the underlying investments will increase or decrease both net gains (losses) from investment activities and income (loss) from equity method investments. For a discussion of the impact of market risk factors on our financial instruments see “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies—Investments, at Fair Value.”
The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities of our funds may fluctuate in response to changes in the value of investments, foreign exchange, commodities and interest rates. The net effect of these fair value changes impacts the gains and losses from investments in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. However, the majority of these fair value changes are absorbed by the Non-Controlling Interests.
The Company is subject to a concentration risk related to the investors in its funds. Although there are more than 1,000 investors in Apollo’s active credit, private equity and real assets funds, no individual investor accounts for more than 10% of the total committed capital to Apollo’s active funds.
Risks are analyzed across funds from the “bottom up” and from the “top down” with a particular focus on asymmetric risk. We gather and analyze data, monitor investments and markets in detail, and constantly strive to better quantify, qualify and circumscribe relevant risks.
Each risk management process is subject to our overall risk tolerance and philosophy and our enterprise-wide risk management framework. This framework includes identifying, measuring and managing market, credit and operational risks at each segment, as well as at the fund and Company level.
Each segment runs its own investment and risk management process subject to our overall risk tolerance and philosophy:
Our credit and real assets funds continuously monitor a variety of markets for attractive trading opportunities, applying a number of traditional and customized risk management metrics to analyze risk related to specific assets or portfolios, as well as, fund-wide risks.
The investment process of our private equity funds involves a detailed analysis of potential acquisitions, and investment management teams assigned to monitor the strategic development, financing and capital deployment decisions of each portfolio investment.
The Company has established a Global Risk Committee comprised of various members of senior management including the Company’s Co-Presidents, Co-Chief Operating Officers, Chief Legal Officer, Global Head of Human Capital, Chief Risk Officer, Head of Enterprise Risk Management and Head of Internal Audit. The risk committee is tasked with assisting the Company in monitoring and managing enterprise-wide risk. The risk committee generally meets on a quarterly basis and reports to senior management of the Company at such times as the committee deems appropriate and at least on an annual basis.
On at least a monthly basis, the Company’s risk department provides a summary analysis of fund level market and credit risk to the portfolio managers of the Company’s funds and the heads of the various business segments. On a periodic basis, the Company’s risk department provides analyses of select market and credit risk components to various members of senior management. In addition, the Company’s Chief Risk Officer reviews specific investments from the perspective of risk mitigation and discusses such analysis with the Company’s risk committee and/or the executive committee of the Company’s Board at such times as the Company’s Chief Risk Officer determines such discussions are warranted.
Impact on Management Fees—Our management fees are based on one of the following:
capital commitments to an Apollo fund;
capital invested in an Apollo fund;
the gross, net or adjusted asset value of an Apollo fund, as defined; or
as otherwise defined in the respective agreements.
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Management fees could be impacted by changes in market risk factors and management could consider an investment permanently impaired as a result of (i) such market risk factors causing changes in invested capital or in market values to below cost, in the case of certain credit funds and our private equity funds or (ii) such market risk factors causing changes in gross or net asset value, for the credit funds. The proportion of our management fees that are based on NAV is dependent on the number and types of our funds in existence and the current stage of each fund’s life cycle.
Impact on Advisory and Transaction Fees—We earn transaction fees relating to the negotiation of credit, private equity and real assets transactions and may obtain reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred. Subsequently, on a quarterly or annual basis, ongoing advisory fees, and additional transaction fees in connection with additional purchases, dispositions, or follow-on transactions, may be earned. Management Fee Offsets and any broken deal costs, if applicable, are reflected as a reduction to advisory and transaction fees. Advisory and transaction fees will be impacted by changes in market risk factors to the extent that they limit our opportunities to engage in credit, private equity and real assets transactions or impair our ability to consummate such transactions. The impact of changes in market risk factors on advisory and transaction fees is not readily predicted or estimated.
Impact on Performance Fees—We earn performance fees from our funds as a result of such funds achieving specified performance criteria. Our performance fees will be impacted by changes in market risk factors. However, several major factors will influence the degree of impact:
the performance criteria for each individual fund in relation to how that fund’s results of operations are impacted by changes in market risk factors;
whether such performance criteria are annual or over the life of the fund;
to the extent applicable, the previous performance of each fund in relation to its performance criteria; and
whether each funds’ performance fee distributions are subject to contingent repayment.
As a result, the impact of changes in market risk factors on performance fees will vary widely from fund to fund. The impact is heavily dependent on the prior and future performance of each fund, and therefore is not readily predicted or estimated.
Market Risk—We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk generally represents the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues and expenses will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk is inherent in each of our investments and activities, including equity investments, loans, short-term borrowings, long-term debt, hedging instruments, credit default swaps and derivatives. Just a few of the market conditions that may shift from time to time, thereby exposing us to market risk, include fluctuations in interest and currency exchange rates, equity prices, changes in the implied volatility of interest rates and price deterioration. Volatility in debt and equity markets can impact our pace of capital deployment, the timing of receipt of transaction fee revenues and the timing of realizations. These market conditions could have an impact on the value of fund investments and rates of return. Accordingly, depending on the instruments or activities impacted, market risks can have wide ranging, complex adverse effects on our results from operations and our overall financial condition. We monitor market risk using certain strategies and methodologies which management evaluates periodically for appropriateness. We intend to continue to monitor this risk going forward and continue to monitor our exposure to all market factors.
Interest Rate Risk—Interest rate risk represents exposure we and our funds have to instruments whose values vary with the change in interest rates. These instruments include, but are not limited to, loans, borrowings, investments in interest bearing securities and derivative instruments. We may seek to mitigate risks associated with the exposures by having our funds take offsetting positions in derivative contracts. Hedging instruments allow us to seek to mitigate risks by reducing the effect of movements in the level of interest rates, changes in the shape of the yield curve, as well as, changes in interest rate volatility. Hedging instruments used to mitigate these risks may include related derivatives such as options, futures and swaps.
Credit Risk—Certain of our funds are subject to certain inherent risks through their investments.
Certain of our entities invest substantially all of their excess cash in open-end money market funds and money market demand accounts, which are included in cash and cash equivalents. The money market funds invest primarily in government securities and other short-term, highly liquid instruments with a low risk of loss. We continually monitor the funds’ performance in order to manage any risk associated with these investments.
Certain of our funds hold derivative instruments that contain an element of risk in the event that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of such agreements. We seek to minimize our risk exposure by limiting the counterparties with
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which our funds enter into contracts to banks and investment banks who meet established credit and capital guidelines. As of March 31, 2021, we do not expect any counterparty to default on its obligations and therefore do not expect to incur any loss due to counterparty default.
Certain of our funds’ investments include lower-rated and comparable quality unrated distressed investments and other instruments. Investments in such debt instruments are accompanied by a greater degree of risk of loss due to default by the issuer because such debt instruments are generally unsecured and subordinated to other creditors of the issuer. These issuers generally have high levels of indebtedness and can be more sensitive to adverse market conditions, such as a recession or increasing interest rates, as compared to higher rated issuers. We seek to minimize risk exposure by subjecting each prospective investment to rigorous credit analysis and by making investment decisions based upon objectives that include capital preservation and appreciation, and industry and issuer diversification.
Foreign Exchange Risk—Foreign exchange risk represents exposures our funds have to changes in the values of current fund holdings and future cash flows denominated in other currencies and investments in non-U.S. companies. The types of investments exposed to this risk include investments in foreign subsidiaries, foreign currency-denominated loans, foreign currency-denominated transactions, and various foreign exchange derivative instruments whose values fluctuate with changes in currency exchange rates or foreign interest rates. Instruments used to mitigate this risk are foreign exchange options, currency swaps, futures and forwards. These instruments may be used to help insulate our funds against losses that may arise due to volatile movements in foreign exchange rates and/or interest rates.
In our capacity as investment manager of the funds we manage, we continuously monitor a variety of markets for attractive opportunities for managing risk. For example, certain of the funds we manage may put in place foreign exchange hedges or borrowings with respect to certain foreign currency denominated investments to provide a hedge against foreign exchange exposure.
Non-U.S. Operations—We conduct business throughout the world and are continuing to expand into foreign markets. We currently have offices outside the U.S. in London, Frankfurt, Madrid, Luxembourg, Mumbai, Delhi, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tokyo, among other locations throughout the world, and have been strategically growing our international presence. Our fund investments and our revenues are primarily derived from our U.S. operations. With respect to our non-U.S. operations, we are subject to risk of loss from currency fluctuations, social instability, changes in governmental policies or policies of central banks, expropriation, nationalization, unfavorable political and diplomatic developments and changes in legislation relating to non-U.S. ownership. Our funds also invest in the securities of companies which are located in non-U.S. jurisdictions. As we continue to expand globally, we will continue to focus on monitoring and managing these risk factors as they relate to specific non-U.S. investments.
ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures”, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired objectives.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are effective at the reasonable assurance level to accomplish their objectives of ensuring that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during our most recent quarter, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
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materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal control over financial reporting despite the fact that most of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.
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PART II
ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of the Company’s legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS     
For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the information under the heading "Risk Factors" in our 2020 Annual Report, which is accessible on the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at www.sec.gov. The risks described in our 2020 Annual Report are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
On March 8, 2021, AGM Inc. entered into the Merger Agreement with AHL, HoldCo, and the Merger Subs. Following the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, AGM Inc. and AHL will be direct wholly owned subsidiaries of HoldCo, which will be renamed “Apollo Global Management, Inc.” The mergers described in the Merger Agreement (the “mergers”) are expected to close in January of 2022.

There can be no assurance that we will successfully complete the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement on the terms or timetable currently contemplated or at all.

No assurance can be given that the mergers will be completed when expected, on the terms set forth in the Merger Agreement or at all. The mergers are subject to a number of conditions to closing as specified in the Merger Agreement. These closing conditions include, among others, (i) receipt of the required approval of the (a) AGM Inc. Merger Agreement proposal and (b) AHL Merger Agreement proposal; (ii) the authorizations, consents, orders or approvals of, or declarations or filings with, and the expiration of waiting periods required from, certain governmental authorities having been obtained and being in full force and effect; (iii) there being in effect no injunction, judgment, ruling or law enacted, promulgated, issued, entered, amended or enforced by any governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise making illegal or prohibiting the consummation of the mergers; (iv) the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the other party to the extent required under the Merger Agreement; (v) in the case of each of AGM Inc., AHL and HoldCo’s, compliance with, in all material respects, each of the covenants, obligations and agreements it is required to comply with or perform at or prior to the effective times of the mergers; and (vi) since the date of the Merger Agreement there must not have occurred and be continuing certain events that could be deemed a material adverse effect.

No assurance can be given that the required stockholder and shareholder consents and approvals, as applicable, will be obtained or that the required conditions to closing will be satisfied, and, if all required consents and approvals are obtained and the conditions are satisfied, no assurance can be given as to the terms, conditions and timing of the consents and approvals. Regulatory approvals may not be received, may take longer than expected or may impose conditions that are not presently anticipated or cannot be met. In addition, either AGM Inc. or AHL may terminate the Merger Agreement under certain circumstances, including, among other reasons, if the mergers are not completed by June 30, 2022. In addition, if the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances specified in the Merger Agreement, we may be required to pay AHL a termination fee of $81,900,000.

Any delay in completing the mergers could cause us not to realize, or to be delayed in realizing, some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve if the mergers are successfully completed within their expected time frame.

Until the completion of the mergers or the termination of the Merger Agreement in accordance with its terms, we are prohibited from entering into certain transactions and taking certain actions that might otherwise be beneficial to us and our stockholders.

After the date of the Merger Agreement and prior to the effective times of the mergers, the Merger Agreement restricts us from taking specified actions without the written consent of AHL (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) and requires that our business and that of our subsidiaries be conducted in all material respects in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice. These restrictions may prevent us from making appropriate changes to our businesses or organizational structure or from pursuing attractive business opportunities that may arise prior to the completion of the mergers and could have the effect of delaying or preventing other strategic transactions. Adverse effects arising from the pendency of the mergers could be exacerbated by any delays in consummation of the mergers or termination of the Merger Agreement.
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We will incur significant transaction and merger-related costs in connection with the mergers.

We have incurred and expect to incur a number of non-recurring costs associated with the mergers. These costs and expenses include fees paid to financial, legal and accounting advisors, potential employment-related costs, filing fees, printing expenses and other related charges. Some of these costs are payable by us regardless of whether the mergers are completed. There are also certain processes, policies, procedures, operations, technologies and systems that may or must be integrated in connection with the mergers and the integration of the two companies’ businesses. While we have assumed that a certain level of expenses would be incurred in connection with the mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, there are many factors beyond their control that could affect the total amount or the timing of the integration and implementation expenses.

There may also be additional unanticipated significant costs in connection with the mergers that HoldCo may not recoup. These costs and expenses could reduce the realization of efficiencies, strategic benefits and additional income we expect to achieve from the mergers. Although we expect that these benefits will offset the transaction expenses and implementation costs over time, this net benefit may not be achieved in the near term or at all.

The termination of the Merger Agreement could negatively impact us.

If the mergers are not completed for any reason, including as a result of AGM Inc. stockholders or AHL shareholders failing to adopt the Merger Agreement, our ongoing businesses may be adversely affected and, without realizing any of the benefits of having completed the mergers, we would be subject to a number of risks, including the following:
we may experience negative reactions from investors, including negative impacts on our stock price;
we may experience negative reactions from our business partners, regulators and employees;
we will be required to pay certain legal, financing and accounting costs and associated fees and expenses relating to the mergers, whether or not the mergers are completed; and
matters relating to the mergers require substantial commitments of time and resources by our management, which would otherwise have been devoted to day-to-day operations and other opportunities that may have been beneficial to us as an independent company.

Coordinating the businesses of AGM Inc. and AHL may be more difficult, costly or time-consuming than expected and HoldCo may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the mergers, which may adversely affect HoldCo’s business results and negatively affect the value of HoldCo’s shares following the mergers.

The success of the mergers will depend on, among other things, the ability of AGM Inc. and AHL to coordinate their businesses under HoldCo in a manner that facilitates growth opportunities. However, AGM Inc. and AHL may not be able to successfully coordinate their respective businesses in a manner that permits anticipated growth to be realized, without adversely affecting current revenues and investments. If the combined company is not able to successfully achieve these objectives, the anticipated benefits of the merger may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected. Specifically, the following issues, among others, must be addressed in order to realize the anticipated benefits of the mergers so the combined company performs as expected:
coordinating the businesses of AGM Inc. and AHL and meeting the capital requirements of the combined company, in a manner that permits the combined company to achieve the growth anticipated to result from the mergers;
coordinating the companies’ technologies;
coordinating the companies’ operating practices, internal controls and other policies, procedures and processes;
addressing possible differences in business backgrounds and corporate cultures;
coordinating geographically dispersed organizations; and
effecting actions that may be required in connection with obtaining regulatory approvals.

In addition, at times the attention of certain members of either company’s or both companies’ management and resources may be focused on completion of the mergers and the coordination of the AGM Inc. and AHL businesses under
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HoldCo and diverted from day-to-day business operations, which may disrupt each company’s ongoing business and the business of the combined company.

Furthermore, the board of directors of HoldCo will consist of the current directors of AGM Inc. and certain directors of AHL. Combining the boards of directors of each company into a single HoldCo board could require the reconciliation of differing priorities and philosophies.

An inability to realize the full extent of the anticipated benefits of the mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, as well as any delays encountered in the combination process, could have an adverse effect upon the revenues, level of expenses and operating results of the combined company, which may adversely affect the value of the common stock of the combined company after the completion of the mergers. In addition, the actual coordination of the AGM Inc. and AHL businesses under HoldCo may result in additional and unforeseen expenses, and the anticipated benefits of the coordination plan may not be realized. If AGM Inc. and AHL are not able to adequately address coordination challenges, they may be unable to successfully coordinate their operations or realize the anticipated benefits of the coordination of the two companies.
ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUITY SECURITIES
On February 10, 2021, February 18, 2021, February 26, 2021, and March 2, 2021, we issued 1,387,146, 9,874, 1,494, and 21,094 shares of Class A shares, respectively, net of taxes to Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., a subsidiary of Apollo Global Management, Inc., in connection with issuances of stock to participants in the Equity Plan for an aggregate purchase price of $70.6 million, $0.5 million, $0.1 million, and $1.1 million respectively. The issuance was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in accordance with Section 4(a)(2) and Rule 506(b) thereof, as transactions by the issuer not involving a public offering. We determined that the purchaser of Class A shares in the transactions, Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., was an accredited investor.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table sets forth purchases of our Class A shares made by us or on our behalf during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021. From January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2021, the Company paid approximately $48.1 million in cash to satisfy tax withholding and cash settlement obligations in lieu of issuing Class A shares upon the vesting of equity awards representing 943,997 Class A shares.
Period
Total number of Class A shares purchased(1)
Average price paid per share
Total number of Class A shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs(2)
Approximate dollar value of Class A shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (3)
January 1, 2021 through January 31, 2021 —  $ —  —  $ 382,707,077 
February 1, 2021 through February 28, 2021 —  $ —  —  $ 334,662,792 
March 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021 —  $ —  —  $ 334,607,173 
Total — 
(1)    Certain Apollo employees receive a portion of the profit sharing proceeds of certain funds in the form of (a) restricted Class A shares that they are required to purchase with such proceeds or (b) RSUs, in each case which equity-based awards generally vest over three years. These equity-based awards are granted under the Company's Equity Plan. To prevent dilution on account of these awards, Apollo may, in its discretion, repurchase Class A shares on the open market and retire them. See note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information on Class A shares.
(2)    Pursuant to a share repurchase program that was publicly announced on March 12, 2020, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $500 million in the aggregate of its Class A shares, including through the repurchase of outstanding Class A shares and through a reduction of Class A shares to be issued to employees to satisfy associated tax obligations in connection with the settlement of equity-based awards granted under the 2019 Equity Plan (or any successor equity plan thereto). This new authorization increased the Company’s capacity to repurchase shares from $80 million of unused capacity under the Company’s previously approved share repurchase plan. Class A shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to a trading plan adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise, with the size and timing of these repurchases depending on legal requirements, price, market and economic conditions and other factors. The Company is not obligated under the terms of the program to repurchase any of its Class A shares. The repurchase program has no expiration date and may be suspended or terminated by the Company at any time without prior notice. Class A shares repurchased as part of this program are canceled by the Company.
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(3)     Amounts have been adjusted to account for reductions of Class A shares to satisfy associated tax obligations in connection with the settlement of equity-based awards granted to employees under the Equity Plan.
ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit
Number
   Exhibit Description
2.1
3.1   
3.2   
3.3   
4.1   
4.2
4.3
4.4
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Exhibit
Number
   Exhibit Description
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
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Exhibit
Number
   Exhibit Description
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
*+10.1
*10.2
*10.3
*+10.4
*+10.5
*31.1  
*31.2  
*32.1  
*32.2  
101.INS   XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
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Exhibit
Number
   Exhibit Description
*101.SCH   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*101.CAL   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
*101.DEF   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*101.LAB   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*101.PRE   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
* Filed herewith.
+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Apollo Global Management, Inc.
(Registrant)
Date: May 10, 2021 By: /s/ Martin Kelly
Name: Martin Kelly
Title: Chief Financial Officer and Co-Chief Operating Officer
(principal financial officer and authorized signatory)


































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Exhibit 10.1
EXECUTION VERSION
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
EMPLOYMENT, NON-COMPETITION
AND NON-SOLICITATION AGREEMENT
This EMPLOYMENT, NON-COMPETITION AND NON-SOLICITATION AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of March 8, 2021, by and between Apollo Global Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Joshua J. Harris (“Executive”). Where the context permits, references to the “Company” shall include the Company and any successor of the Company. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined in the paragraph in which they first appear are defined in Section 5(b).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the Company desires to secure the continued services of Executive for the benefit of the Company and its Affiliates (as defined below) from and after the date of this Agreement; and
WHEREAS, Executive desires to continue to provide such services.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises, covenants and agreements herein contained, together with other good and valuable consideration the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto do hereby agree as follows:
1.    SERVICES AND DUTIES. Executive shall continue to be employed by the Company in the capacity of its Co-Founder. Executive will have the responsibilities set forth in Exhibit A hereto. For the avoidance of doubt, Executive may:
(a)    accept directorships, executive chairman positions and other roles that may involve oversight and management as long as (i) such roles do not involve significant day-to-day operational involvement; and (ii) such roles do not give rise to a conflict of interest with the Company or its Affiliates and does not involve a Competing Business (defined below),
(b)    engage in and be actively involved in personal investing and investment oversight through the Family Office or otherwise so long as such involvement is consistent with the requirements of the Code of Ethics and Section F of Exhibit B and Schedule 1,
(c)    engage and be actively involved in charitable, cultural, educational and civic activities, so long as Executive satisfies his duties as set forth in the second sentence of this Section 1, or
(d)    engage in a business of the Apollo Operating Group or a member or Subsidiary thereof or of any Person in which a member or Subsidiary of the Apollo Operating Group holds an Investment, in each case on behalf of the Apollo Operating Group.
1


Executive shall have such access to the Company’s senior management and confidential information as is appropriate to fulfill Executive’s duties under this Agreement. For the period starting on the date of this Agreement and terminating on the 24 month anniversary thereof, the Company shall provide Executive with a staff that is consistent with the level of support historically provided to Executive by the Company and, after the conclusion of such period, shall continue to provide such staff and support for so long as Executive continues to devote sufficient working time to satisfy his responsibilities as set forth in Exhibit A hereto.
2.    TERM. Executive’s employment under the terms and conditions of this Agreement will commence on the date of this Agreement. The term of this Agreement shall commence on the date of this Agreement and end on the third anniversary thereof (the “Initial Term”) and shall automatically renew for a one-year term on such anniversary and on each subsequent anniversary of the date of this Agreement (the Initial Term, together with any renewal term, the “Term”), unless the Company provides written notice of non-renewal to Executive no later than ninety (90) days prior to the completion of the then current Term, in which case this Agreement shall expire at the end of the then current Term. If the Term expires and Executive is employed by the Company thereafter, unless a new employment agreement has been entered into, such employment shall be “at-will.” In such event, other than as specifically set forth in the previous sentence of this Section 2, the terms of this Agreement shall continue to apply. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2, Executive will have the right to voluntarily terminate his employment with the Company at any time, any such termination being effective on the date on which a written notice thereof is delivered to the Company pursuant to Section 8(a) hereof.
3.    COMPENSATION.
(a)    Base Salary. In consideration of Executive’s full and faithful satisfaction of Executive’s duties under this Agreement, the Company agrees to pay to Executive a salary in the amount of one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000.00) per annum (the “Base Salary”), payable in such installments as the Company pays its similarly placed employees (but not less frequently than each calendar month), subject to usual and customary deductions for withholding taxes and similar charges, and customary employee contributions to the health, welfare and retirement programs in which Executive is enrolled from time to time.
(b)    Withholding. All taxable compensation payable to Executive pursuant to this Section 3 or otherwise pursuant to this Agreement shall be subject to customary deductions for withholding taxes and such other excise or employment taxes as are required under Federal law or the applicable law of any state or governmental body to be collected with respect to compensation paid by the Company to an employee.
4.    BENEFITS AND EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT.
(a)    Retirement and Welfare Benefits. During the Term, Executive will be entitled to all the usual benefits offered to the employees at Executive’s level,
2


including sick time and participation in the Company’s medical, dental and insurance programs, subject to the applicable limitations and requirements imposed by the terms of such benefit plans, in each case in accordance with the terms of such plans as in effect from time to time. Nothing in this Section 4, however, shall require the Company to maintain any benefit plan or provide any type or level of benefits to its employees, including Executive.
(b)    Vacation/Paid Time Off. Executive will be entitled to vacation and paid time off (“PTO”) each year on the most favorable basis afforded to any employee pursuant to the Company’s policies as in effect from time to time.
(c)    Reimbursement of Expenses. The Company shall reimburse Executive for any expenses reasonably incurred by Executive in furtherance of Executive’s duties hereunder, including travel, meals and accommodations, upon submission by Executive of vouchers or receipts and in compliance with such rules and policies relating thereto as the Company may from time to time adopt.
5.    TERMINATION. Executive’s employment shall be terminated at the earliest to occur of (i) the date on which the Governing Body delivers written notice that Executive is being terminated as a result of a Disability (as defined below), or (ii) the date of Executive’s death. In addition, Executive’s employment with the Company may be terminated (i) by the Company for Cause (as defined below), effective on the date on which a written notice to such effect is delivered to Executive; or (ii) by Executive at any time, effective on the date specified in such notice. For the avoidance of doubt, (x) this Agreement does not address the consequences of termination of Executive’s employment, if any, to the equity interests in the Company or its Affiliates held by Executive or members of his Group, and (y) termination of Executive’s employment hereunder for any reason shall not affect the rights and obligations of Executive pursuant to any other agreement with the Company (except as specifically set forth in such other agreement).
(a)    Termination by the Company for Cause or by Reason of Death or Disability or a Termination by Executive. If Executive’s employment with the Company is terminated by the Company for Cause or is terminated voluntarily by Executive or by reason of Executive’s death or Disability, Executive shall not be entitled to any further compensation or benefits other than accrued but unpaid Base Salary (payable as provided in Section 3(a) hereof) and accrued and unused PTO pay through the date of such termination.
(b)    Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement:
Affiliate means an affiliate of the Company (or other referenced entity, as the case may be) as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Agreement Among Principals” means the Agreement Among Principals, by and among Leon D. Black, Marc J. Rowan, Joshua J. Harris, Black Family Partners, L.P.,
3


MJR Foundation LLC, MJH Partners, L.P., AP Professional Holdings, L.P. and BRH Holdings, L.P., as may be amended, modified, supplemented or restated from time to time.
Apollo Operating Group” means (i) Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, Apollo Principal Holdings I, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, Apollo Principal Holdings II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, Apollo Principal Holdings III, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership, Apollo Principal Holdings IV, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership, and any successors thereto or other entities formed to serve as holding vehicles for Company carry vehicles, management companies or other entities formed to engage in the asset management business (including alternative asset management) and (ii) any such Company carry vehicles, management companies or other entities formed to engage in the asset management business (including alternative asset management) and receiving management fees, incentive fees, fees paid by Portfolio Companies, carry or other remuneration which are not Subsidiaries of the Persons described in clause (i), excluding any Funds and any Portfolio Companies.
Cause means (i) a final, non-appealable conviction of or plea of nolo contendere to a felony prohibiting Executive from continuing to provide services as an investment professional to the Company due to legal restriction or physical confinement; or (ii) ceasing to be eligible to continue performing services as an investment professional on behalf of the Company or any of its material Subsidiaries (as defined below), in each case, pursuant to a final, non-appealable legal restriction (such as a final, non-appealable injunction, but expressly excluding a preliminary injunction or other provisional restriction).
Charitable Institution” means an organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code (or any corresponding provision of a future United State Internal Revenue law) which is exempt from income taxation under Section 501(a) thereof.
Covered Business has the meaning ascribed to it in the amended and restated exempted limited partnership agreement of BRH Holdings, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership.
Disability shall refer to any physical or mental incapacity which prevents Executive from carrying out all or substantially all of his duties under this Agreement for any period of one hundred eighty (180) consecutive days or any aggregate period of eight (8) months in any twelve-month (12) period, as determined, in its sole discretion, by a majority of the members of the Governing Body, including a majority of the other Principals who are members of the Governing Body (but for the sake of clarity, not including Executive).
Executive Committee” means the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company as appointed in accordance with the governing documents of the Company and the Shareholders Agreement.
4


Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, supplemented or restated from time to time and any successor to such statute, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Family Office” means the organization responsible for the day-to-day administration and management of Executive’s financial and personal affairs and those members of his Group, which may include, but is not limited to, wealth management, overseeing and making investments, tax planning, estate planning and philanthropic endeavors, and includes any entity which holds the personal investments or assets of Executive or his Group.
Fund” means any pooled investment vehicle or similar entity sponsored or managed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
Governing Body” means the Board of Directors of the Company, excluding any member of the Board of Directors who is also an employee or executive of the Company.
Group” shall mean with respect to Executive, Executive and (i) Executive’s spouse, (ii) a lineal descendant of Executive’s parents, the spouse of any such descendant or a lineal descendent of any such spouse, (iii) a Charitable Institution solely controlled by Executive and other members of his Group, (iv) a trustee of a trust (whether inter vivas or testamentary), all of the current beneficiaries and presumptive remaindermen of which are one or more of Executive and Persons described in clauses (i) through (iii) of this definition, (v) a corporation, limited liability company or partnership, of which all or substantially all of the outstanding shares of capital stock or interests therein are owned by one or more of Executive and Persons described in clauses (i) through (iv) of this definition provided, that the equity not owned by Executive and Persons described in clauses (i) through (iv) of this definition is owned by current or former service providers of such corporation, limited liability company or partnership, (vi) an individual mandated under a qualified domestic relations order, or (vii) the executor, personal representative or administrator of the estate of such Executive or of the estate of any individual described in clauses (i), (ii) or (vi) above. For purposes of this definition, (x) “lineal descendants” shall not include individuals adopted after attaining the age of eighteen (18) years and such adopted individual’s descendants; and (y) “presumptive remaindermen” shall refer to those Persons entitled to a share of a trust’s assets if it were then to terminate. Executive shall never be a member of the Group of another Principal.
Holdings” means BRH Holdings, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership.
Investment” shall mean any investment (or similar term describing the results of the deployment of capital) as defined in the governing document of any Fund managed (directly or indirectly) by a member of the Apollo Operating Group.
Person” means shall be construed broadly and includes any individual, corporation, firm, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, estate, trust, business association, organization, governmental entity or other entity.
5


Portfolio Company” means any Person in which any Fund owns an Investment.
Principals” means Executive, Leon D. Black and Marc J. Rowan.
Shareholders Agreement” means the Shareholders Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2007, by and among the Company, AP Professional Holdings, L.P., Leon D. Black, Marc J. Rowan, Joshua J. Harris, Black Family Partners, L.P. and MJR Foundation LLC or any successor agreement thereto or any similar agreement entered into by Executive and/or any of his Affiliates intended to succeed to, supersede or replace the Shareholders Agreement.
Subsidiary” means a subsidiary of the Company (or other referenced entity, as the case may be) as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Third Party” means a Person other than Executive or any member of Executive’s Group, but shall not include employees of Executive’s Family Office.
(a)    Resignation as Officer or Director. Upon the termination of employment for any reason, Executive shall be deemed to have resigned each position (if any) that Executive then holds as an officer (but not a director) of the Company or as an officer or director of any of its Subsidiaries or any Portfolio Company without any further act to be taken by Executive. Additionally, Executive shall execute and deliver to the Company promptly after the Company’s written request, any request for a resignation in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Executive. For the sake of clarity, this provision shall not apply to any right Executive may have under the Shareholders Agreement to continue to serve as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company and/or the Executive Committee following Executive’s termination of employment.
(b)    Section 409A. To the extent required to avoid the imposition of tax under Section 409A of the Code (Section 409A”), if Executive is a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A, amounts that would otherwise be payable under this Section 5 during the six-month (6) period immediately following the employment termination date shall instead be paid on the first (1st) business day after the date that is six (6) months following Executive’s “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A, or, if earlier, the date of Executive’s death.
6.    RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS. The parties agree that the restrictive covenants set forth in Exhibit B hereto (the “Restrictive Covenants”) are incorporated herein by reference and shall be deemed to be contained herein. Executive understands, acknowledges and agrees that the Restrictive Covenants apply during the Restricted Period (as such term is defined in Exhibit B hereto).
7.    ASSIGNMENT. This Agreement, and all of the terms and conditions hereof, shall bind the Company and its successors and assigns and shall bind Executive and Executive’s heirs, valid assigns, executors and administrators. No transfer or assignment of this Agreement shall release the Company from any obligation to Executive hereunder. Neither this Agreement, nor any of the Company’s rights or
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obligations hereunder, may be assigned or are otherwise subject to hypothecation by Executive. The Company may assign the rights and obligations of the Company hereunder, in whole or in part, to any of the Company’s Subsidiaries or Affiliates, or to any other successor or assign in connection with the sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or equity or in connection with any merger, acquisition and/or reorganization, provided the assignee assumes the obligations of the Company hereunder and provided further than any such assignment shall not release the Company from its obligations hereunder.
8.    GENERAL.
(a)    Notices. Any notices provided hereunder must be in writing and shall be deemed effective upon the earlier of one (1) business day following personal delivery (including personal delivery by e-mail or recognized overnight courier), or the third (3rd) business day after mailing by first class mail to the recipient at the address indicated below:
If to the Company:

Apollo Global Management, Inc.
9 West 57th Street
43rd Floor
New York, NY 10019
Attention: Chief Legal Officer;

and

If to Executive: at the location set forth in the Company’s records;
or to such other address or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party may have specified by prior written notice to the sending party.
(b)    Severability. The provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed severable and the invalidity or unenforceability of any provision shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the other provisions hereof. If any provision of this Agreement, or the application thereof to any Person or any circumstance, is found to be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, (a) a suitable and equitable provision shall be substituted therefor in order to carry out, so far as may be valid and enforceable, the intent and purpose of such invalid or unenforceable provision and (b) the remainder of this Agreement and the application of such provision to other Persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such invalidity or unenforceability, nor shall such invalidity or unenforceability affect the validity or enforceability of such provision, or the application thereof, in any other jurisdiction.
(c)    Entire Agreement. This document, together with its attached exhibits, constitutes the final, complete, and exclusive embodiment of the entire agreement and understanding between the parties related to the subject matter hereof and
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supersedes and preempts any prior or contemporaneous understandings, agreements, or representations by or between the parties, written or oral, including, but not limited to, the Agreement Among Principals, the Exchange Agreement, the exempted limited partnership agreement of AP Professional Holdings, L.P., the exempted limited partnership agreement of BRH Holdings, L.P., or any other agreement to which Executive is a party that relates to the Company, but not including the Shareholders Agreement.
(d)    Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed on separate counterparts, any one of which need not contain signatures of more than one party, but all of which taken together will constitute one and the same agreement.
(e)    Amendments. No amendments or other modifications to this Agreement may be made except by a writing signed by each party hereto. No amendment or waiver of this Agreement requires the consent of any individual, partnership, corporation or other entity not a party to this Agreement.
(f)    Survivorship. The provisions of this Agreement necessary to carry out the intention of the parties as expressed herein (including, without limitation , the Restrictive Covenants provided in Section 6 hereof and Exhibit B hereto) shall survive the termination or expiration of the Term.
(g)    Waiver. The waiver by either party of the other party’s prompt and complete performance, or breach or violation, of any provision of this Agreement shall not operate nor be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach or violation, and the failure by any party hereto to exercise any right or remedy which it or he may possess hereunder shall not operate nor be construed as a bar to the exercise of such right or remedy by such party upon the occurrence of any subsequent breach or violation. No waiver shall be deemed to have occurred unless set forth in a writing executed by or on behalf of the waiving party. No such written waiver shall be deemed a continuing waiver unless specifically stated therein, and each such waiver shall operate only as to the specific term or condition waived and shall not constitute a waiver of such term or condition for the future or as to any act other than that specifically waived.
(h)    Captions. The captions of this Agreement are for convenience and reference only and in no way define, describe, extend or limit the scope or intent of this Agreement or the intent of any provision hereof.
(i)    Construction. The parties acknowledge that this Agreement is the result of arm’s-length negotiations between sophisticated parties, each afforded representation by legal counsel. Each and every provision of this Agreement shall be construed as though both parties participated equally in the drafting of the same, and any rule of construction that a document shall be construed against the drafting party shall not be applicable to this Agreement.
(j)    Arbitration.
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(i)    Except as contemplated in Section 8(k) hereof, the parties hereto agree that any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, whether based on contract, tort, statute, or other legal or equitable theory (including, without limitation, any claim of fraud, intentional misconduct, misrepresentation or fraudulent inducement or any question of validity or effect of this Agreement including this clause) or the breach or termination hereof (the “Dispute”), shall be resolved in binding arbitration in accordance with the following provisions:
(A)    Such Dispute shall be resolved by binding arbitration to be conducted before JAMS in accordance with the provisions of JAMS’ Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures as in effect at the time of the arbitration.
(B)    The arbitration shall be held before a panel of three arbitrators appointed by JAMS, in accordance with its rules, who are not Affiliates of any party to such arbitration and do not have any actual or reasonable potential for bias or conflict of interest with respect to any of the parties hereto, directly or indirectly, by virtue of any direct or indirect financial interest, family relationship or close friendship.
(C)    Such arbitration shall be held at such place as the arbitrators appointed by JAMS may determine within the County, City and State of New York, or such other location to which the parties hereto may agree.
(D)    The arbitrators shall have the authority, taking into account the parties’ desire that any arbitration proceeding hereunder be reasonably expedited and efficient, to permit the parties hereto to conduct discovery. Any such discovery shall be (i) guided generally by but be no broader than permitted under the United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (the “FRCP”), and (ii) subject to the arbitrators and the parties hereto entering into a mutually acceptable confidentiality agreement.
(E)    The arbitrators shall have the authority to issue subpoenas for the attendance of witnesses and for the production of records and other evidence in connection with discovery and/or at any hearing and may administer oaths. Any such subpoena must be served in the manner for service of subpoenas under the FRCP and enforced in the manner for enforcement of subpoenas under the FRCP.
(F)    The arbitrators’ decision and award in any such arbitration shall be made by majority vote and delivered within thirty (30) calendar days of the conclusion of the evidentiary hearings unless otherwise agreed to by the parties hereto. In addition, the arbitrators shall have the authority to award injunctive relief to any of the parties.
(G)    The arbitrators’ decision shall be in writing and shall be as brief as possible and will include the basis for the arbitrators’ decision. A record of the arbitration proceeding shall be kept.
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(H)    Judgment on the award rendered by the arbitrators may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof.
(I)    The parties shall share equally all expenses of JAMS (including those of the arbitrators) incurred in connection with any arbitration; provided, however, the arbitrators may award to the prevailing party in such arbitration its or his reasonable expenses incurred (including reasonable legal fees and expenses) and its or his share of JAMS expenses in connection with such arbitration.
(J)    The parties hereto agree to participate in any arbitration in good faith.
(ii)    If JAMS is unable or unwilling to commence arbitration with regard to any such Dispute within thirty (30) calendar days after the parties have met the requirements for commencement as set forth in Rule 5 of the JAMS Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures, then the Disputes shall be resolved by binding arbitration, in accordance with the International Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association (the “AAA”), before a panel of three arbitrators who shall be selected jointly by the parties involved in such Dispute, or if the parties cannot agree on the selection of the arbitrators, shall be selected by the AAA (provided that any arbitrators selected by the AAA shall meet the requirements of Section 8(j)(i)(B) above). Any such arbitration shall be subject to the provisions of Section 8(j)(i)(C) through 8(j)(i)(J) above (as if the AAA were JAMS). If the AAA is unable or unwilling to commence such arbitration within thirty (30) calendar days after the parties have met the requirements for such commencement set forth in the aforementioned rules, then either party may seek resolution of such Dispute through litigation in accordance with Sections 8(k) and 8(l).
(iii)    Except as may be necessary to enter judgment upon the award or to the extent required by applicable law, all claims, defenses and proceedings (including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the existence of the controversy and the fact that there is an arbitration proceeding) shall be treated in a confidential manner by the arbitrators, the parties and their counsel, and each of their agents, employees and all others acting on behalf of or in concert with them. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, no one shall divulge to any Person not directly involved in the arbitration the contents of the pleadings, papers, orders, hearings, trials, or awards in the arbitration, except as may be necessary to enter judgment upon an award or as required by applicable law. Any court proceedings relating to the arbitration hereunder, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, to prevent or compel arbitration; discovery; enforcement of a subpoena; or to confirm, correct, vacate or otherwise enforce an arbitration award, shall be filed under seal with the court, to the extent permitted by law.
(k)    Governing Law; Equitable Remedies. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO CONFLICT OF LAWS PRINCIPLES THEREOF). The parties hereto agree that
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irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of Section 6 or Exhibit B of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with its specific terms or was otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties hereto shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions and other equitable remedies to prevent breaches of Section 6 or Exhibit B of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions thereof in any of the Selected Courts (as defined below), this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity. In such event, any requirements for the securing or posting of any bond with respect to such remedy are hereby waived by each of the parties hereto. Each party further agrees that, in the event of any action for an injunction or other equitable remedy in respect of such breach or enforcement of specific performance pursuant to this Section 8(k) it or he will not assert the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.
(l)    Consent to Jurisdiction. It is the desire and intent of the parties hereto that any disputes or controversies arising under or in connection with this Agreement be resolved pursuant to arbitration in accordance with Section 8(j); provided, however, that, to the extent that Section 8(j) is held to be invalid or unenforceable for any reason, and the result is that the parties hereto are precluded from resolving any claim arising under or in connection with this Agreement pursuant to the terms of Section 8(j) (after giving effect to the terms of Section 8(b)), the following provisions of this Section 8(l) shall govern the resolution of all disputes or controversies arising under this Agreement. With respect to any suit, action or proceeding (Proceeding”) arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably (i) submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of (A) the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, or (B) in the event that such court lacks jurisdiction to hear the claim, the state courts of New York located in the borough of Manhattan, New York City (the “Selected Courts) and waives any objection to venue being laid in the Selected Courts whether based on the grounds of forum non conveniens or otherwise and hereby agrees not to commence any such Proceeding other than before one of the Selected Courts; provided, however, that a party may commence any Proceeding in a court other than a Selected Court solely for the purpose of enforcing an order or judgment issued by one of the Selected Courts or the arbitrators; (ii) consents to service of process in any Proceeding by the mailing of copies thereof by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, or by recognized international express carrier or delivery service, to their respective addresses referred to in Section 8(a) hereof; provided, however, that nothing herein shall affect the right of any party hereto to serve process in any other manner permitted by law; and (iii) TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW THAT CANNOT BE WAIVED, WAIVES, AND COVENANTS THAT IT OR HE WILL NOT ASSERT (WHETHER AS PLAINTIFF, DEFENDANT OR OTHERWISE) ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION ARISING IN WHOLE OR IN PART UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OF THE CONTEMPLATED TRANSACTIONS, WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR HEREAFTER ARISING, AND WHETHER SOUNDING IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, AND AGREES THAT ANY OF THEM MAY FILE A COPY OF THIS PARAGRAPH WITH ANY COURT AS WRITTEN EVIDENCE OF THE KNOWING, VOLUNTARY AND BARGAINED-FOR
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AGREEMENT AMONG THE PARTIES IRREVOCABLY TO WAIVE ITS OR HIS RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY PROCEEDING WHATSOEVER BETWEEN THEM RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OF THE CONTEMPLATED TRANSACTIONS AND WILL INSTEAD BE TRIED IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION BY A JUDGE SITTING WITHOUT A JURY.
(m)    Third Party Beneficiaries. Except as expressly provided herein, nothing in this Agreement shall confer any rights or remedies upon any Person other than the parties hereto or any and all of Executive’s heirs, successors, valid assigns, executors and administrators. In any provision of the Agreement which provides rights or remedies to, or permits the assignment of rights to, Affiliates or Subsidiaries of the Company, the terms “Affiliates” and “Subsidiaries” shall be construed to exclude any Fund or Portfolio Company.
(n)    Indemnification.
(i)    To the fullest extent permitted by law but subject to the limitations expressly provided in this Agreement, Executive and Executive’s Group (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties” and each individually an “Indemnified Party”) shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company and its direct and indirect consolidated Subsidiaries from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, penalties, interest, settlements or other amounts arising from any and all threatened, pending or completed third-party claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, and whether formal or informal and including appeals, directly or indirectly, by reason of or arising from (A) Executive’s actions or inactions in connection with the establishment, management, operations or serving on the board of any Covered Business, (B) Executive’s actions or inactions with respect to his duties under this Agreement (including resulting from limitations on Executive’s actions set forth in Exhibit B), and (C) Executive’s actions or inactions with respect to any limited partnership agreement or similar governing document of any Covered Business or any member of the Apollo Operating Group or any direct or indirect Subsidiary, including, for the avoidance of doubt, to the extent related to any breach or alleged breach of this Agreement or the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company whether arising from acts or omissions to act as set forth in this Section 8(n)(i) occurring before or after the date of this Agreement; provided, however, that the Indemnified Party shall not be indemnified and held harmless if there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of the matter for which the Indemnified Party is seeking indemnification pursuant to this Section 8(n). Executive acted in bad faith or engaged in actual fraud or willful misconduct. For purposes of clarification, because a conveyance may be allegedly or actually void or voidable or deemed “fraudulent” pursuant to the provisions of Title 11 of the U.S. Code or any similar State or foreign statute does not render an Executive’s conduct with respect to the conveyance non-indemnifiable, and an Indemnified Party will be entitled to indemnification with respect to such conveyances unless Executive “acted in bad faith or engaged in actual fraud or willful misconduct” as provided for herein. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section
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8(n)(ix), the Company shall be required to indemnify an Indemnified Party in connection with any action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by an Indemnified Party only if the commencement of such action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) by such Indemnified Party was authorized by the Company in its sole discretion.
(ii)    To the fullest extent permitted by law, expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses) incurred by an Indemnified Party in appearing at, participating in or defending any indemnifiable claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding pursuant to Section 8(n) shall be advanced by the Company on a monthly basis prior to a final and non-appealable determination that the Indemnified Party is not entitled to be indemnified upon receipt by the Company of an undertaking by or on behalf of an Indemnified Party to repay such amount if it ultimately shall be determined that the Indemnified Party is not entitled to be indemnified pursuant to this Section 8(n). Notwithstanding the immediately preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section 8(n)(ix), the Company shall be required to indemnify an Indemnified Party pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence in connection with any action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such Indemnified Party only if the commencement of such action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) by the Indemnified Party was authorized by the Company in its sole discretion.
(iii)    The indemnification provided by this Section 8(n) shall be in addition to any other rights to which the Indemnified Parties may be entitled under any agreement, as a matter of law, in equity or otherwise, both as to actions in Executive’s capacity as Executive and as to actions in any other capacity, and shall continue as to the Indemnified Parties if Executive has ceased to serve in such capacity.
(iv)    Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 8(n) shall be made only out of the assets of the Company and/or its valid assignees. In no event may the Indemnified Parties subject the members of the Company to personal liability by reason of the indemnification provisions set forth in this Agreement.
(v)    No Indemnified Party shall be denied indemnification in whole or in part under this Section 8(n) because such Indemnified Party had an interest in the transaction with respect to which the indemnification applies if the transaction was otherwise consistent with the terms of this Agreement, including, without limitation, Exhibit B, the Agreement Among Principals, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company or the consent of the Governing Body.
(vi)    The provisions of this Section 8(n) are for the benefit of the Indemnified Parties and their heirs, successors, valid assigns, executors and administrators and shall not be deemed to create any rights for the benefit of any other Persons.
(vii)    Executive shall, in the performance of his duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Company, its Affiliates and their respective direct or indirect Subsidiaries and on such information, opinions, reports or statements presented to any of the foregoing by any of the respective officers, directors or employees, or committees of the board, or by any other Person as to matters that
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Executive, as the case may be, reasonably believes are within such other Person’s professional or expert competence.
(viii)    No amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 8(n) or any provision hereof shall in any manner terminate, reduce or impair the right of the Indemnified Parties or any third party beneficiary to be indemnified by the Company, nor the obligations of the Company to indemnify the Indemnified Parties or any third party beneficiary under and in accordance with the provisions of this Section 8(n) as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or-in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted.
(ix)    If a claim for indemnification (following the final disposition of the action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification is being sought) or advancement of expenses under this Section 8(n) is not paid in full within thirty (30) days after a written claim therefor by an Indemnified Party or any third party beneficiary has been received by the Company, such Indemnified Party or such third party beneficiary, as the case may be, may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expenses of prosecuting such claim, including reasonable attorneys’ fees.
(o)    Liability of Indemnified Persons. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no Indemnified Party shall be liable to the Company or any other Persons who have acquired interests in the Company’s securities, for any losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, penalties, interest, settlements or other amounts arising as a result of any act or omission of Executive, or for any breach of contract (including breach of this Agreement) or any breach of duties (including breach of fiduciary duties) whether arising hereunder, at law, in equity or otherwise, unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of the matter in question, Executive acted in bad faith or engaged in actual fraud or willful misconduct. For purposes of clarification, because a conveyance may be allegedly or actually void or voidable or deemed “fraudulent” pursuant to the provisions of Title 11 of the U.S. Code or any similar State or foreign statute does not render an Executive’s conduct with respect to the conveyance nonindemnifiable, and an Indemnified Party will be entitled to indemnification with respect to such conveyances unless Executive “acted in bad faith or engaged in actual fraud or willful misconduct” as provided for herein. Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 8(0) or any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the limitations on the liability of an Indemnified Party under this Section 8(0) as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted.
(p)    Legal Fees. The Company shall pay or reimburse Executive for all reasonable and documented legal fees and costs incurred by him in connection with the
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drafting and negotiation of this Agreement and any other agreement or policies directly or indirectly related to Executive’s employment arrangement and his rights under Exhibit B.
(q)    The Company agrees that any Company material public communications or filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that refer to Executive shall identify Executive as a “Co-Founder” of the Company. This Section 8(q) shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the termination of Executive’s employment with the Company.
[Signature page follows]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF AND INTENDING TO BE LEGALLY BOUND THEREBY, the parties hereto have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the year and date first above written.
JOSHUA J. HARRIS
/s/ Joshua J. Harris                    
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
By: /s/ John J. Suydam                
Name:     John J. Suydam
Title:    Chief Legal Officer
[Signature page to Employment Agreement for Joshua J. Harris]



Exhibit A
Responsibilities of Executive
1.    Member of AGM Board of Directors

2.    Member of AGM Executive Committee
a.    Monthly detailed operating and non-operating review
b.    Oversight of significant business and firm issues
c.    Execution of traditional Executive Committee approvals

3.    AGM Macro and Markets Strategy
a.    Partner with Torsten Slok, Daniel Barkan, and firm markets experts to assess global market dynamics, AGM point of view on critical trends, and emerging opportunities
b.    Build external media presence and AGM representation with key external groups and at conferences (Fed, Milken, etc.)
c.    Share market insights and thought leadership with key LPs and other investors
d.    Involvement in largest investments transactions across the firm

4.    Chairman of New Private Equity Transaction Committee
a.    New biweekly committee to be formed to review key private equity deals in advance of bringing to full investment committee
b.    Committee will include Black, Kleinman, Nord, Sambur, and a small number of PE Senior Partners (Membership TBD)

5.    Strategic Investor and Capital Raising Relationships
a.    Engage with specific strategic investor and client relationships

6.    Sponsor of Key Strategic Initiatives
a.    Sponsor incubation of specific new businesses and build them to scale (optional)
b.    Sponsor specific citizenship, diversity, and modernization initiatives (e.g. HBCU, etc.)

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Exhibit B
Restrictive Covenants
Executive understands, acknowledges and agrees that, by virtue of his equity interest in the Company and/or its Affiliates, his previous services to the Company and its Affiliates, and his employment by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, directly or indirectly, he acquired, had access to, or was otherwise exposed to, and shall acquire, have access to or be otherwise exposed to confidential information of the Company and its Affiliates (the Confidential Information, as defined below) and he has met and developed relationships with, and will meet and develop relationships with, the Company’s potential and existing financing sources, capital market intermediaries, investors, employees and consultants.
The Company and its Affiliates are engaged throughout the United States and the world in the business of raising, managing, investing the assets of and making investments in private equity funds, hedge funds, publicly traded alternative investment vehicles and other alternative asset investment vehicles (the “Business”). Executive acknowledges that (i) the Business is global in nature and Executive is among the limited number of individuals leading the Business, (ii) the Restrictive Covenants set forth in this Exhibit B are an essential part of this Agreement, (iii) he has been fully advised by counsel in connection with the negotiation of this Agreement and the Restrictive Covenants, (iv) he is familiar with the laws which govern the enforceability of restrictive covenants in the jurisdictions where the Business is carried on, and agrees that these Restrictive Covenants, including, without limitation, the non-competition covenant, are reasonable, valid and enforceable in the context of this Agreement, and (v) compliance with the Restrictive Covenants, including, without limitation, the non-competition covenant, will not create any hardship for Executive as he has independent means and sufficient income to be fully self-supporting without competing with the Company in the Business or violating any of the Restrictive Covenants.
A.    Non-competition.
(1)    Executive agrees that during the Restricted Period (as defined below), Executive shall not, directly or indirectly, either as a principal, agent, employee, employer, consultant, partner, member, shareholder of a closely held corporation or shareholder in excess of three percent (3%) of a publicly traded corporation, corporate officer or director, or in any other individual or representative capacity, engage or otherwise participate in any manner or fashion in any business that is a Competing Business (as defined below), either in the United States or in any other place in the world where the Company or any of its Affiliates, successors or assigns engages in the Business.
(2)    Solely for purposes of this Exhibit B:
(a)    Competing Business” means any alternative asset management business (other than the Business of the Company, its successors or assigns or Affiliates) Primarily for Third Party capital that advises, manages or invests the assets of and/or makes investments in private equity funds, hedge funds, collateralized debt obligation funds, business development corporations, special purpose acquisition companies or other alternative



asset investment vehicles or the Persons who manage, advise or own such investment vehicles.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Exhibit B, “Competing Business” shall not include, (x) any activity described in clause 1 (Services and Duties) of the Employment, Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement, (y) any activity described in Section F of this Exhibit B or (z) any activity described in Schedule 1 to this Exhibit B. For purposes of this definition, Executive shall not be deemed an employee of the Company or any of its Affiliates solely by virtue of Executive’s service as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company (and any committee thereof).
(b)    Executive’s Termination of Employment” means Executive ceasing to be an employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
(c)    Primarily” means with respect to more than fifty percent (50%) of the capital in question.
(d)    Restricted Period” means, the period of Executive’s employment with the Company (or an Affiliate) and the one (1) year period immediately following delivery by the Company or Executive, as applicable, to the other party of a notice of termination or non-renewal in accordance with the Agreement.
(e)    Third Party means a Person other than Executive or any member of Executive’s Group, but shall not include employees of Executive’s Family Office.
B.    Non-solicitation of Employees. Executive agrees that during the Restricted Period, Executive shall not, directly or indirectly, (i) solicit or knowingly induce any officer, director, employee, agent or consultant of the Company or any of its successors, assigns or Affiliates to terminate his, her or its employment or other relationship with the Company or its successors, assigns or Affiliates for the purpose of associating with any Competing Business, or otherwise encourage any such Person to leave or sever his, her or its employment or other relationship with the Company or its successors, assigns or Affiliates, for any other reason, or (ii) hire any such individual who, at the time of hire, Executive knows left the employ of the Company or any of its Affiliates during the immediately preceding twelve (12) months. This provision shall not prohibit Executive from soliciting or hiring the Persons serving as his administrative staff at or prior to the time of his departure, or similar capacity or any other Person providing services to and being compensated by both the Company, on the one hand, and Executive’s Family Office and/or HBSE, on the other hand. For purposes of these Sections B and C of this Exhibit B, “Affiliates” shall not include any Portfolio Company.
C.    Non-solicitation of Investors. Executive agrees that during the Restricted Period, Executive shall not solicit or knowingly induce any investors, financing sources or capital market intermediaries of the Company or its successors, assigns or Affiliates to terminate (or reduce) his, her or its relationship with the Company or its successors, assigns or Affiliates. Nothing in this paragraph applies to those investors, financing sources, or capital market intermediaries who did



not conduct business with the Company, or its successors, assigns or Affiliates during Executive’s employment with, or the period in which Executive held, directly or indirectly, an ownership interest in, the Company or any Affiliate.
D.    Confidentiality. Executive agrees to be bound by the confidentiality provisions contained in the Shareholders Agreement.
E.    Disparaging Comments. Executive agrees that he shall not, directly or indirectly, make or ratify any statement, public or private, oral or written, to any Person that disparages, either professionally or personally, the Company or any of its Affiliates, past and present, and each of them, as well as its and their trustees, directors, officers, members, managers, partners, agents, attorneys, insurers, employees, stockholders, representatives, assigns, and successors, past and present, and each of them. The Company agrees that it shall not, and it shall ensure that the other Principals shall not, directly or indirectly, make or ratify any statement, public or private, oral or written, to any Person that disparages Executive, either professionally or personally. The obligations under this paragraph shall not apply to (i) disclosures compelled by applicable law or order of any court or (ii) any statements or disclosures reasonably necessary to be made directly in connection with any legal proceeding, arbitration or investigation , whether or not compelled (but subject to any confidentiality agreements or orders that may govern such proceeding , arbitration or investigation).
F.    Code of Ethics, Family Offices and Personal Investing.
(1)    In no event shall Executive make, or assist a member of his Group in making, any investment that violates the Company’s then-current code of ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) or any trading policies of the Company (it being understood that the terms and restrictions of any such policy may be more restrictive than required by applicable law). The Company will notify Executive promptly of any changes to the Code of Ethics or to any of its trading policies. As required by the Code of Ethics, all statements of holdings by the Family Office shall be provided to the Company compliance department (“Company Compliance”) and all trades by the Family Office that are required to be pre-cleared under the Code of Ethics will be pre cleared by Company Compliance, except as noted below.
(2)    It is understood that Executive may employ portfolio managers through his Family Office who have authority to make investments on behalf of Executive and his Group. These portfolios shall be considered “fully-managed accounts” for purposes of Section 8.2.2 of the Code of Ethics (or any successor section) provided that a certificate is delivered to the Company’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “CCO”) on a quarterly basis from the relevant portfolio manager or the Chief Executive Officer (or similar role), as applicable (the “Portfolio Manager”), of Executive’s Family Office and Executive stating that Executive has not directed any such transactions or exercised discretion or influence over such investments. Although “fully-managed accounts” under the Code of Ethics do not require pre-clearance, Executive shall nonetheless cause his Family Office to pre-clear with Company Compliance the following transactions made by the Portfolio Managers: (i) all transactions in publicly traded equity securities with a market capitalization of more than $100 million and less than $10 billion, and (ii) publicly traded corporate debt or other investments in individual publicly traded securities or loans to ensure that the Company is not in possession of material non-public information (MNPI”) concerning the issuer of the securities. Nothing contained in this paragraph F(2) shall prevent Executive from (i)



receiving and reviewing reports relating to a portfolio managed by a Portfolio Manager, or (ii) making asset allocation decisions relating to a portfolio, as long as Executive does not (as limited by applicable SEC guidance) direct trades in or exercise discretion or influence with respect to any specific security.
(3)    The provision contained in Section 8.3 of the Code of Ethics which requires Company Compliance to consider whether a “transaction would usurp an opportunity that properly belongs to the Company’s clients” is considered satisfied:
(a)     with respect to any investment (including anticipated follow-on investments) that is below the threshold size listed in the attached Schedule 1 for the type of investment listed (because these investments do not usurp the Company’s client opportunities); provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, such transactions would remain subject to pre-clearance by Company Compliance for MNPI; and
(b)    with respect to any investment in a sports team, franchise, league, organization or substantially related business, because these investments are not considered appropriate investments for the Company’s clients).
Private investments that were introduced to the Family Office by persons other than Executive or sourced by the Family Office and not Executive do not usurp an opportunity that properly belongs to the Company’s clients so long as the Portfolio Manager of Executive’s Family Office and Executive deliver a certificate in the form attached as Schedule 2 to the Company’s CCO prior to making such investment stating that such investment was introduced to the Family Office by persons other than Executive or sourced by employees or other service providers of the Family Office and not Executive, that Executive was not aware of such investment prior to the Family Office being introduced to or sourcing such investment and that neither the Company nor its employees (including Executive) participated in sourcing such investment. For the avoidance of doubt, once the Family Office is introduced to or sources the investment, Executive may be involved in analyzing the investment and participating in the decision as to whether the Family Office should make such investment. Any investment made in accordance with this section shall be subject to pre-clearance for MNPI and Company Compliance will endeavor to expedite consideration of such pre-clearance request.
(4)    In addition to the other activities not prohibited by this Exhibit B:
(a)    Investments by Executive or his Group in co-mingled funds investing in private equity, venture and growth financings, real estate or other alternative assets classes and managed by a Third Party (other than the Company) where Executive’s investment in any such fund is less than 33% of the total committed capital of the fund are permissible provided that (1) Executive is not engaged in the day-to-day management of investments made by the fund; (2) Executive does not solicit or knowingly induce investors for the fund to terminate (or reduce) his, her or its relationship with the Company or its successors, assigns or Affiliates (it being understood that participating in reference calls and general diligence does not constitute solicitation); and (3) Executive’s rights are commensurate with the size of such investment and where applicable may include rights that protect Executive’s investment (such



as a right to terminate the investment period, reduced fees and/or receipt of preferential fees, opt-outs and similar rights). For the avoidance of doubt, investments made by such funds shall not require pre-clearance for MNPI and/or conflicts by Company Compliance, provided that Executive has not (as limited by applicable SEC guidance) directed such investments or exercised any discretion or influence over, and has not received any MNPI in connection with, such investments.
(b)    Executive or his Group may (1) engage in any business owned by HBSE Holdco, LLC (“HBSE”) or any of its subsidiaries as of the date of this Agreement or own, operate or engage in any sports team, franchise, league, organization or substantially related business (items covered by this clause (i), “Permitted Businesses”), and (2) establish, own, operate or participate in any fund, account or business that invests in any of the activities described in clause (1) of this paragraph (b). For the avoidance of doubt, the activities described in this paragraph (b) shall not require pre-clearance for MNPI and/or conflicts by Company Compliance, provided that, in the case of clause (2) of this paragraph (b), Executive has not (as limited by applicable SEC guidance) directed such activities or exercised any discretion or influence over, and has not received any MNPI in connection with, such activities. Executive hereby represents and warrants that, as of the date of this Agreement, HBSE does not own, control, operate or engage in any Permitted Businesses other than as set forth on Schedule 3 attached hereto.
(5)    Any request for pre-clearance to Company Compliance shall include information about the investment and any anticipated follow-on investments with respect to the investment that is reasonably sufficient to enable the Company to review such investment in accordance with the Code of Ethics. If a follow-on investment is pre-cleared at the time of the original investment it shall not require another pre-clearance at the time of actual investment (although sales of such investment may be required to be pre-cleared as provided in the Code of Ethics). If a follow-on investment was not anticipated at the time of the original investment, Executive or his Family Office shall be required to pre-clear such investment as if it were a new investment if otherwise required under this Exhibit B, provided, however, that if Executive or his Family Office certify that such subsequent funding is required to protect the value of the existing investment, the Company will endeavor to expedite consideration of such pre-clearance request. Nothing in this paragraph shall require an investment memo to be submitted to Company Compliance.
(6)    Where possible, responses to pre-clearance requests shall be granted to Executive’s Family Office within 48 hours of the request.
(7)    Before agreeing to receive MNPI with respect to an investment, Company Compliance shall check its most recent statement of the Family Office’s holdings, and if the receipt of the MNPI could cause the Family Office to restrict its investment, Company Compliance, if practicable, will provide notice to the Family Office that the Company



may receive MNPI so that the Family Office has an opportunity to exit the position before the MNPI is received. If the Family Office chooses to exit the position, the Family Office shall request pre-clearance from Company Compliance and Company Compliance may or may not grant approval. Once Company Compliance has completed its internal decision-making about whether to accept MNPI (normally approximately 48 hours later) the Company shall notify the Family Office of its decision, and if the Family Office has not sold its position, it will be subject to restriction on sale.
G.    Conflicts of Interest. Executive hereby agrees to promptly disclose to the Governing Body any potential conflict of interest involving Executive, his Group or his Family Office or the Company upon Executive obtaining actual knowledge of such conflict or potential conflict. For the avoidance of doubt, the fact that a private investment made by the Family Office is in the same or similar business as a portfolio company of the Company or its Affiliates shall not, in and of itself, create a conflict.
H.    Director’s Fees and Other Sources of Compensation from the Company. All directors’ and other fees payable by a portfolio company of the Company or its Affiliates to Executive after July 13, 2012 or equity incentives granted to Executive after July 13, 2012 by a portfolio company of the Company or its Affiliates shall be transferred to the Company or its designee without any additional consideration therefor. Other than the compensation set forth in this Agreement, Executive will not accept any compensation, director fees, other fees or equity interests from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
I.    Continuing Obligations to the Company and its Subsidiaries. Commencing on the date of this Agreement, Executive will cooperate in all reasonable respects with the Company and its Subsidiaries in connection with any and all existing or future litigation, actions or proceedings (whether civil, criminal, administrative, regulatory or otherwise) brought by or against the Company or any of its Affiliates, to the extent the Company reasonably deems Executive’s cooperation necessary. Executive shall be reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses incurred by him as a result of such cooperation.



J.    Acknowledgement. Executive agrees and acknowledges that each Restrictive Covenant herein is reasonable as to duration, terms and geographical area and that the same protects the legitimate interests of the Company and its Affiliates, imposes no undue hardship on Executive, is not injurious to the public, and that any violation of any of these Restrictive Covenants shall be specifically enforceable in any court with jurisdiction upon short notice. Executive agrees and acknowledges that a portion of the compensation paid to Executive under this Agreement to which this Exhibit B is attached will be paid in consideration of the covenants contained in this Exhibit B, the sufficiency of which consideration is hereby acknowledged. If any provision of this Exhibit B as applied to Executive or to any circumstance is adjudged by a court to be invalid or unenforceable, the same shall in no way affect any other circumstance or the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Exhibit B. If the scope of any such provision, or any part thereof, is too broad to permit enforcement of such provision to its full extent, Executive agrees that the court making such determination shall have the power to reduce the duration and/or area of such provision, and/or to delete specific words or phrases, to the extent necessary to permit enforcement, and, in its reduced form, such provision shall then be enforceable and shall be enforced. Executive agrees and acknowledges that the breach of this Exhibit B will cause irreparable injury to the Company and upon breach of any provision of this Exhibit B, the Company shall be entitled to injunctive relief, specific performance or other equitable relief; provided, however, that this shall in no way limit any other remedies which the Company may have (including, without limitation, the right to seek monetary damages). The Company shall not bring any claim or action for breach of any provision of this Exhibit B unless (i) it has provided written notice of such alleged claim and provided Executive with at least thirty (30) days to correct or cure the conduct in question and (ii) during such period, Executive has not corrected or cured such conduct. Each of the covenants in this Exhibit B shall be construed as an agreement independent of any other provisions in this Agreement to which it is attached, other than the consideration for such covenant provided in this Agreement.
K.    Executive’s obligations under Sections F through H of this Exhibit B shall cease to apply upon Executive’s Termination of Employment.


Exhibit 10.2
[APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT LETTERHEAD]
[Name]
[Address]
Dear [            ],
As previously discussed, attached hereto as Annex A is a summary of the terms (the “Term Sheet”) in connection with your service as a director of Apollo Global Management, Inc. This letter memorializes our agreement that this letter and the Term Sheet constitute a binding commitment on both parties. If you are in agreement with the foregoing, please so indicate by signing this letter where indicated below.
Very truly yours,
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
By:        
Name:
Title:
Agreed to and accepted:
    
[            ]
Dated                  , 20   





Annex A
Summary of Terms for Director of Apollo Global Management, Inc.
Parties:
Company: Apollo Global Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”); and
Director: [            ] (the “Director”).
Term: The Director shall hold office [effective [            ]] until such time that such Director’s successor is duly elected and qualified, or until such Director’s death or removal from office.
The Director may be removed, with or without cause, at any time, by the affirmative vote of holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock, Class C Common Stock and any full voting preferred stock entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, given at an annual meeting or at a special meeting of stockholders called for that purpose.
The Director will be automatically removed from the board of directors (the “Board”) if such Director:
(i) resigns such Director’s office by writing delivered to the Board;
(ii) is absent from meetings of the Board (such absence not being absence with leave or by arrangement with the Board) for six months in succession and the Board shall have resolved that such office shall be vacated; or
(iii) becomes prohibited by law from acting as a director.
Fees and Expenses: $[            ] per year.
[Additional $[            ] per year for serving as Lead Independent Director.]1
1 To be included for director serving as Lead Independent Director.
i



Additional $[            ] per year for each committee of the Board (including any committees of the Board established in the future) on which you serve as a member.
Additional $[            ] per year for each committee of the Board (including any committees of the Board established in the future) on which you serve as Chairperson.
[As Lead Independent Director, the Director shall also serve ex officio on any committee of the Board for which the Director is not a member and the Director will receive no additional compensation for such role.]1
The Company shall reimburse to the Director all travel expenses reasonably incurred by such Director in the proper performance of the Director’s obligations under this letter, provided that the Director supplies receipts or other evidence of such expenditures.
The Director’s expenses may include legal fees if it is necessary in the furtherance of the Director’s duties for the Director to seek independent legal advice (provided that allegations of gross negligence or willful misconduct have not been finally determined against the Director), subject to the Director having first notified the Board. Any such payment by the Company is subject to any applicable restriction under Delaware law.
[The Company shall also provide administrative assistance and office space to the Director as shall reasonably be necessary in the performance of the Director’s duties under this letter. ]1
Equity Grant:
[Initial grant – $[            ] in Restricted Share Units (“RSUs”) of the Company, subject to 3-year vesting in equal annual installments, to be granted on the first date following the Director’s appointment to the Board when the Company normally makes equity-based grants to employees.]2
Annual grant – if the Director has fully vested in the Director’s initial grant, $[            ] in [Restricted Share Units (“RSUs”)][RSUs] of the Company, subject to 1-year
2 To be included for directors at initial appointment.
ii



vesting, to be granted on the date when the Company normally makes equity-based grants to other directors.

All shares issued by the Company to the Director as compensation for services as a Director, including the [initial] grant described above and any shares issued in respect of subsequent RSU grants made as compensation for services as a Director, shall be subject to a 50% retention requirement. The Director shall no longer be subject to such retention requirement effective upon termination of service as a Director.
Duties, Time and Commitment: Shall use reasonable best efforts to attend all convened meetings of the Board and, if requested by the Board, meetings of the shareholders of the Company.
Duties of committee members will be as set forth in the committee charters and will include attendance of committee meetings.
During the continuance of the Director’s appointment, the Director will be expected to:
(i) faithfully, efficiently, competently and diligently perform the Director’s duties and exercise such powers as are appropriate to the Director’s role as a non-executive director;
(ii) in so far as reasonably possible, attend all meetings of the Board and of any committees of the Board of which the Director is a member;
(iii) promptly declare, so far as the Director is aware, the nature of any interest, whether direct or indirect, in any contract or proposed contract entered into by any member of the Company;
(iv) comply with all reasonable requests, instructions and regulations made or given by the Board (or by any duly authorized committee thereof) and give to the Board such explanations, information and assistance as the Board may reasonably require;
(v) act in the best interests of the Company; and
(vi) use commercially reasonable efforts to promote and extend the interests and reputation of the Company, including assisting the Board in relation to
iii



public and corporate affairs and bringing to bear for the benefit of the Board the Director’s particular knowledge and experience.
Since the Director is to be classified as an independent director at the time of appointment, the Director shall promptly inform the Board of any circumstances that would likely affect such independent status.
The Director shall inform the Board within 10 business days of the Director’s appointment of any held (indirect and indirect) personal interests which may conflict with the Company and its business.
Fiduciary Obligations: The Company is governed by Delaware law.
The structure, practices and committees of the Board, including matters relating to the size, independence and composition of the Board, the election and removal of directors, requirements relating to Board action, the powers delegated to Board committees and the appointment of executive officers, are governed by the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws.
Confidential Information: The Director agrees that both during and after the Director’s time as a director of the Company, the Director will not use for the Director’s own, or for another’s benefit, or disclose or permit the disclosure of any confidential information relating to the Company, including without limitation any information about the deliberations of the Board.
The restriction shall cease to apply to any confidential information which may (other than by reason of the Director’s breach of these terms) become available to the public generally.
The Director also agrees during the Director’s appointment that the Director will not, other than for the benefit of the Company and in connection with service as a director, make any notes, memoranda, electronic records, tape records, films, photographs, plans, drawings or any form of record relating to any matter within the scope of the business or concerning the dealings or affairs of the Company and will return any such items at any time at the request of the Board.
iv



The Director confirms that the Director has notified the Board in writing of all other directorships, appointments and interests, including any directorship, appointment or interest in a company, business or undertaking which competes or is likely to compete with the Company or which could otherwise potentially give rise to a conflict with the Director’s duties with the Company (a “Competing Interest”).
The Director undertakes that during the term of the Director’s appointment, the Director will promptly disclose to the Board in writing any new directorship, appointment or interest.
Indemnification: Under the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Company is required and shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Director against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, expenses (including legal fees and expenses, which shall be advanced by the Company to the fullest extent permitted by law prior to a final and non-appealable determination that the Director is not entitled to be indemnified), judgments, fines, penalties, interest, settlements or other amounts arising from any and all threatened, pending or completed claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, and whether formal or informal and including appeals, in which the Director may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, by reason of the Director’s status or former status as a director whether arising from acts or omissions, except to the extent such indemnification claim is finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to arise out of the Director’s bad faith, fraud or willful misconduct. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation states that the provisions regarding indemnification of directors and officers are for the benefit of such directors and officers and their respective heirs, successors, assigns, executors and administrators.
Insurance: The Company has an insurance policy under which the directors and officers of the Company are insured, subject to the limits of the policy, against certain losses arising from claims made against such directors and officers by reason of any acts or omissions covered under the policy in their respective capacities as directors or officers of the
v



Company, including certain liabilities under securities laws.
Investment in Apollo Funds:


Miscellaneous:
The Director’s service as a member of the Board will not prohibit the Director from investing in funds or other investments managed by the Company and its subsidiaries, as may be offered from time to time by the Company.
This letter does not create the relationship of employee and employer between the Director and the Company.
This letter constitutes the entire agreement between the Director and the Company with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes any prior agreement or understanding among or between them with respect to such subject matter.
Governing Law and Jurisdiction: This appointment and the terms hereunder are governed under the laws of Delaware. The Delaware courts have non-exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute and the parties submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware courts.
Notices:
Any notice to be given under the terms of this letter shall, in the case of notice to the Company, be deemed to be given if left at or sent by first class post or facsimile transmission (in each case, addressed to the Chairman) to 9 West 57th Street, 43rd Floor, New York, NY, 10019, or in the case of notice to the Director, if handed to the Director personally or left at or sent by first class post or facsimile transmission to the Director’s last-known address. Any such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time of its delivery or dispatch by facsimile transmission or on the next following weekday (not being a public holiday) after it was posted.
vi


Exhibit 10.3
EXECUTION VERSION

Governance Term Sheet

March 8, 2021

This term sheet summarizes the principal governance terms agreed to by Leon Black, Marc Rowan, Joshua Harris (collectively, the “Principals”) and Apollo Global Management, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Apollo”), to be implemented as set forth below, subject to approval of such implementation by the Conflicts Committee of the Board of Directors of Apollo (the “Board”) and receipt of required regulatory approvals and stockholder votes.

Certain agreements described in this term sheet (e.g., the agreement by Apollo to nominate certain person to the Board) will be implemented, as appropriate, through a Stockholders Agreement, by and among the Principals and Apollo, while other agreements (e.g., voting agreements among the Principals) may, as appropriate, be set forth in a separate Voting Agreement, by and among the Principals.

1. Principal Directorships:
Each Principal will be entitled to be nominated by Apollo to a seat on the Board as long as such Principal’s family group beneficially owns at least $400 million in value or 10 million in number of Apollo common shares (or their equivalent) (the “Ownership Threshold”).
Subject to the Ownership Threshold, each Principal, or upon his death or disability, his estate or successor, may designate, in lieu of himself, an individual reasonably acceptable to the Nom/Gov Committee (as defined below), to be nominated to the Board (each, a “Principal Nominee”). Such right shall continue so long as the Principal’s family group satisfies the Ownership Threshold.

Each Principal’s right to be nominated for a Board seat or designate a Principal Nominee will be provided for in a Stockholders Agreement among the Principals and Apollo (see below).
2. Board:
Composition. The Board will initially consist of:

9 independent directors, nominated by the existing Apollo executive committee, who shall initially be:

Michael Ducey;
Pamela Joyner;
Robert Kraft;
A.B. Krongard;
Siddhartha Mukherjee;

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Pauline Richards; and

Three additional independent directors previously identified by the Principals.1
Jay Clayton, who shall serve as the initial Lead Independent Director;

3 Principals, with Leon Black to serve as Chairman of the Board; and

James Zelter and Scott Kleinman.
Each director shall serve a 1-year term and shall be subject to reelection at the annual meeting of Apollo. Directors other than Principals (or Principal Nominees) to be recommended by the Nom/Gov Committee and nominated by the Board. (Directors appointed to the Board after January 1, 2021 will be nominated for reelection at the 2021 annual meeting of stockholders.)

If the Board size is increased (or decreased), the Board will use reasonable best efforts to ensure at least 2/3 of the Board is independent.

In the event that Apollo (or one of its affiliates) consummates the merger transaction known as Project Tango (“Project Tango”), a number of additional directors from the counterparty to such transaction shall also serve on the Board (each such director, a “Tango Director”).

Nominating & Governance Committee. A Nominating & Governance Committee (“Nom/Gov Committee”), comprised of 3 or more independent directors, will determine re-nominations and fill vacancies. The initial size and membership of the Nom/Gov Committee will be proposed by the Current Executive Committee (as defined below).
Thereafter, the membership, size and chairperson of the Nom/Gov Committee shall be determined by the full Board.

All independent directors (including the initial independent directors) must qualify as “independent” pursuant to applicable stock exchange listing requirements and any applicable legal requirements.

The Nom/Gov Committee will meet with the Principals from time to time to consider Board nominees they may suggest, and to discuss other potential candidates and obtain feedback.


IMAGE_11.JPG
1 Or, if one or more directors previously identified by a Principal shall not serve on the Board, another independent director identified by such Principal (subject to the reasonable agreement of the other Principals).
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Other Board Committees/Committee Charters. The Board will form other committees, in compliance with stock exchange listing requirements and any other applicable legal requirements, and including, initially, an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, and, as noted above, a Nom/Gov Committee, as well as the Board EC (as defined below) and such other committees as the Board determines to be necessary and advisable from time to time.

Committee membership shall be limited to independent directors, except in the case of the Board EC and any other committees to which stock exchange or other independence requirements do not apply. The Nom/Gov Committee may recommend to the Board additional committees.

All committee charters shall be consistent with best practices.

Lead Independent Director. The Board will designate, subject to consultation with and approval by the remaining independent directors, a Lead Independent Director at the start of each annual term, whose responsibilities shall include, among others, maintaining dialogue with the Principals, chairing executive sessions of the Board and engaging with Apollo’s stockholders and other stakeholders, as appropriate.

The initial Lead Independent Director shall be Jay Clayton.

3. Board
Executive Committee (the “Board EC”):
Purpose. The Board EC shall be a committee of the Board, with such duties as delegated to it by the Board, and responsible generally for managing the affairs of the Board between its meetings, and providing guidance to senior management and recommendations to the Board of Apollo regarding its strategic, financial and operating plans and performance, and key employment decisions, in each case, consistent with and subject to applicable law and securities regulations and the fiduciary duties of the Board.
Decisions of the Board EC shall be determined by a simple majority vote. In the event the Board EC is deadlocked, the full Board may consider and decide such matter. At each meeting of the Board, the Board EC shall deliver a report as to any actions or decisions taken by the Board EC in the period since the last such report was delivered to the Board.

Composition. The voting members of the Board EC for the first year of its existence shall be:

3 Principals; and
Jay Clayton (Chair).
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In addition, James Zelter, Scott Kleinman and Gary Parr will be non- voting observers on the Board EC for the first year of its existence.

In the event that Apollo (or one of its affiliates) consummates Project Tango, one Tango Director (as designated by the counterparty to Project Tango) shall also be a non-voting observer on the Board EC until the end of the first year of its existence.
Each Principal shall use commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with his fiduciary duties, to ensure that each of the Principals is re- elected to the Board EC.

Thereafter, the Board EC shall have no more than 7 voting members (including the Principals so long as they satisfy the Ownership Threshold), with the specific size determined by the Board.

Timing. The Board EC shall be implemented (and the AAP Executive Committee and the Current Executive Committee (as defined below) terminated) upon the consummation of Project Tango or, if earlier, March 31, 2022.
4. One Share, One Vote (and Class C Share):
The Principals hereby agree to convert the Class B share into shares of preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”) equal in number and votes to the number of AOG units outstanding from time to time, and which shall then become exchangeable with the related AOG unit for shares of Class A common stock. This conversion will occur as promptly as reasonably practicable following receipt of required approvals.

Each holder of AOG units (each, an “AOG Unit Owner”) will have the option, at any time, to exchange its beneficially owned AOG units for Apollo common stock and sell such Apollo common stock in accordance with the agreed terms of the conversion and exchange and Apollo’s trading policy.

On or immediately prior to a date prior to June 30, 2022 to be designated by the Company, which date shall be coincident with the consummation of Project Tango (such date, the “Mandatory Exchange Date”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of a newly formed holding company (“NewCo”) will merge with and into Apollo, with Apollo surviving.
All holders of Apollo Class A common stock will receive on a tax-free basis an equal number of shares of NewCo Class A common stock and such holders will cease to own interests in Apollo. If Project Tango shall not have been consummated by June 30, 2022, then the Mandatory Exchange Date shall be June 30, 2022; provided, however, that in the event that, as of June 30, 2022, (i) a transaction agreement with respect to Project Tango has been executed and delivered and has not been terminated and (ii) Project Tango has not been consummated, then the
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Mandatory Exchange Date shall be the earlier of (x) the date on which Project Tango is consummated and (y) the date on which such transaction agreement is terminated.

On the Mandatory Exchange Date, all AOG units beneficially owned by each of the AOG Unit Owners (other than Athene Holdings Ltd. (“Athene”)) shall be transferred to NewCo and one or more of its affiliates in a series of transactions in exchange for (i) such number of shares of NewCo Class A common stock equal to the aggregate number of AOG units beneficially owned by the AOG Unit Owners (other than Athene) as of immediately prior to the Mandatory Exchange (such units, the “Outstanding AOG Units”) and (ii) an aggregate amount in cash equal to the product of (a) the number of Outstanding AOG Units multiplied by (b) $3.66, payable over a period of four years in equal quarterly installments (the “AOG Unit Payment”); provided, however, that in the event that the Company consummates Project Tango simultaneously with the Mandatory Exchange, the AOG Unit Payment shall be payable over the period between the date on which Project Tango is consummated and the third anniversary of the Mandatory Exchange Date in equal quarterly installments (such transactions collectively, the “Mandatory Exchange”). The obligation to make the AOG Unit Payment will be an unsecured obligation of APO, subordinated in right of payment to indebtedness and any preferred stock of NewCo and its subsidiaries, and will not bear interest. The foregoing transactions are intended to be generally tax-free with respect to the NewCo Class A common stock received.

The parties hereto agree to work in good faith to modify any of the steps set forth in the foregoing paragraph necessary to (x) achieve efficiencies (including with respect to the taxes of the parties) or (y) consummate Project Tango; provided, however, that in no event will the amount of cash to be paid or the number of shares of Newco stock to be issued to AOG Unit Holders be increased beyond the amount or number set forth in the foregoing paragraph; and provided, further, that (i) no Principal shall incur any additional tax or other costs in connection with any such modifications and (ii) any changes would be pro rata as to each Principal.

The Tax Receivables Agreement currently in effect shall be not be applicable to the Mandatory Exchange, but shall remain in effect for any exchanges occurring prior to the Mandatory Exchange Date.

At the time the Preferred Stock is issued, the Principals will cause the surrender of the Class C share to Apollo.
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No change in the voting structure (including relinquishment of the Class C share) will occur prior to the time the parties agree and enter into the Stockholders Agreement (as defined below).
5. Stockholders Agreement:
The Principals, their relevant respective holding entities and Apollo shall enter into a stockholders agreement (the “Stockholders Agreement”) and/or a voting agreement (the “Voting Agreement”), providing that, consistent with and subject to applicable law and securities regulations and the fiduciary duties of the Board:
Apollo shall nominate each of the Principals (or Principal Nominees, as applicable) as part of the Board’s director slate for so long as such Principal meets the Ownership Threshold;

A Principal or Principal Nominee, as applicable, shall resign from the Board in the event that such Principal no longer meets the Ownership Threshold;

Each Principal, on behalf of his family group, agrees to vote all of his respective Apollo shares in favor of the election of the other Principals (or Principal Nominees, as applicable);

Apollo shall recommend that stockholders vote in favor of the Principals (or Principal Nominees, as applicable) and Apollo shall otherwise take reasonable action to support their nomination and election (including by filling vacancies on the Board, if necessary);

As described above, each Principal shall be entitled to a seat on the Board EC until he no longer serves on the Board (and shall be entitled to continue to serve on the Current Executive Committee until such time as he is appointed to the Board EC);

The Company shall not make any non-pro rata distributions or payments to any Principals without the consent of the other Principals;

Each Principal and Apollo shall agree not to take actions inconsistent with the terms of the Stockholders Agreement or in a manner that is discriminatory as to one or more of the Principals, and to oppose any such actions if proposed by others; and

Customary confidentiality provisions consistent with the confidentiality provisions contained in the Agreement Among Principals.

Each Principal will have information rights regarding Apollo’s business, so long as such Principal meets an ownership threshold to be agreed
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upon by the parties hereto (which threshold shall be approximately 50% of the Ownership Threshold).
The Principals will be entitled to office/administrative and logistics support, so long as the Principal continues to provide services (as a co- founder or otherwise) to Apollo or serves on the Board EC or serves as a chair on any Board committee.

The Company will reimburse each Principal for such Principal’s reasonable third-party fees and expenses incurred in connection with negotiating and implementing this term sheet and the related agreements.

The Stockholders Agreement will be entered into and will become effective when the recapitalization (as described below) is implemented and the Class C share surrendered.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if necessary to support compliance with Section 13 and Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and related rules and regulations, the agreements that would otherwise be set forth in the Stockholders Agreement and/or the Voting Agreement, may, in lieu of the Stockholders Agreement or Voting Agreement, be set forth in a separate stockholder agreement for each Principal, to be entered into by such Principal and Apollo.
6. Transition to New Governance Structure:
Certain of the agreements set forth in this term sheet, including implementation of the new Board governance structure, elimination of the Class C share, implementation of the One Share, One Vote structure, creation and issuance of the Preferred Stock, elimination of the Executive Committee as currently constituted by Apollo’s certificate of incorporation (the “Current Executive Committee”) and the amendment of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws and other governing documents of the Company (if any) as required to implement the foregoing, will require the approval of the Current Executive Committee. The Principals, as the only voting members of the Current Executive Committee, will vote to approve such agreements.

The implementation of the agreements set forth in this term sheet will be subject to receipt of required regulatory approvals and stockholder votes, which may take up to nine months to obtain. The Principals and Apollo will endeavor to implement such agreements in an expeditious manner, but in no event later than the Mandatory Exchange Date.

The Current Executive Committee will continue to operate as it does at the time of this term sheet until the earlier of (x) the Mandatory Exchange Date and (y) March 31, 2022; provided, however, that the
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Current Executive Committee shall not take any major decisions (i) that are inconsistent with this term sheet and (ii) without first consulting with and seeking the advice of the Board. Subject to the foregoing, the Principals agree that the Current Executive Committee will continue to operate in a manner consistent with past practice until terminated.
7. Employment Matters:
Employment agreement to be entered into with one of the Principals in the form agreed on the date hereof.
8. Miscellaneous:
Principals and Apollo, as applicable, will enter into other documentation necessary to preserve exchange rights (prior to Mandatory Exchange Date) and registration rights including on a pass-through basis and to provide for the orderly maintenance of AP Professional, BRH Holdings GP, Ltd. and BRH Holdings, L.P. until the Mandatory Exchange Date.

Each of the Principals agrees that such Principal shall use reasonable best efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions necessary, proper or advisable to give effect to the agreements of the parties hereunder, including by executing and delivering such additional documents as may be reasonably necessary or appropriate to effectuate the agreements set forth in this term sheet.



[Signature page follows]
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This term sheet correctly reflects our understanding and agreement with respect to the foregoing matters as of the date first written above.


LEON BLACK


/s/ Leon Black



MARC ROWAN


/s/ Marc Rowan
MARC ROWAN


/s/ Marc Rowan



MARC ROWAN


/s/ Marc Rowan
JOSH HARRIS


/s/ Josh Harris



MARC ROWAN


/s/ Marc Rowan
APOLLO    GLOBAL    MANAGEMENT, INC.


By: /s/ John J. Suydam
Name: John J. Suydam
Title: Chief Legal Officer
[Signature page to Governance Term Sheet]
Exhibit 10.4
HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL & TRADE SECRET    EXECUTION VERSION


This exempted limited partnership is a limited partner of certain entities that earn “carried interest” on profits from various funds, accounts or investments managed or advised by AGM.

                                                    




APOLLO GLOBAL CARRY POOL AGGREGATOR IV, L.P.
    



Amended and Restated

Exempted Limited Partnership Agreement






                                                  

Dated January 28, 2021
                                                  




                                                    




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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Schedule I     List of Fund General Partners    
Schedule II     Exclusions from List of Fund General Partners


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APOLLO GLOBAL CARRY POOL AGGREGATOR IV, L.P.
AMENDED AND RESTATED
AGREEMENT OF EXEMPTED LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT OF EXEMPTED LIMITED PARTNERSHIP of APOLLO GLOBAL CARRY POOL AGGREGATOR IV, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership (the “Partnership”), dated January 28, 2021 (the “Effective Date”), by and among Apollo Global Carry Pool GP, LLC with respect to Series A, a Delaware limited liability company registered as a foreign company in the Cayman Islands, as the sole general partner (in such capacity, the “General Partner”), the Initial Limited Partner, and the Persons whose names are recorded from time to time as limited partners of the Partnership in the Register of Partners.
R E C I T A L S :
WHEREAS, on January 27, 2021, the General Partner filed with the Registrar a statement (the “Section 9 Statement”) under section 9 of the Exempted Limited Partnership Law (as amended) of the Cayman Islands (the “Partnership Law”) to form the Partnership as an exempted limited partnership under the Partnership Law,
WHEREAS, the General Partner and the Initial Limited Partner entered into the Exempted Limited Partnership Agreement of the Partnership, dated January 27, 2021 (the “Original Agreement”),
WHEREAS, in connection with the admission of additional Limited Partners, the parties wish to amend and restate the Original Agreement in its entirety to reflect certain matters as set forth herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1    Definitions; Interpretation
(a)    Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the following meanings:
“AEOI” means (a) legislation known as the U.S. Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and any associated legislation, regulations (whether proposed, temporary or final) or guidance, any applicable intergovernmental agreement and related statutes, regulations or rules, and other guidance thereunder, (b) any other similar legislation, regulations, or guidance enacted in any other jurisdiction which seeks to implement similar financial account information reporting and/or withholding tax regimes, including the OECD Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information in Tax Matters– the Common Reporting Standard and any associated guidance, (c) any other intergovernmental agreement, treaty, regulation, guidance, standard or other agreement entered into in order to comply with, facilitate, supplement or implement the
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legislation, regulations, guidance or standards described in clauses (a) and (b) of this definition, and (d) any legislation, regulations or guidance in any jurisdiction that give effect to the matters outlined in the preceding clauses of this definition.
“Affiliate” means with respect to any Person any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person. Except as the context otherwise requires, the term “Affiliate” in relation to AGM includes each collective investment fund and other client account sponsored or managed by AGM or its affiliated asset management entities, but, in each case, does not include Portfolio Companies (except with respect to Bad Acts).
“AGM” means Apollo Global Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
“Agreement” means this Amended and Restated Exempted Limited Partnership Agreement, as amended or supplemented from time to time.
“APH” means, as the context requires, any or all of (i) APH Holdings (DC), L.P., (ii) APH Holdings (FC), L.P., and/or (iii) APH Holdings, L.P., each a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership.
“Award Letter” means, with respect to any Limited Partner, the letter agreement between the Partnership and such Limited Partner (including any Annex or Schedule thereto) setting forth (i) such Limited Partner’s Points, (ii) such Limited Partner’s vesting terms relating to Points, (iii) any restrictive covenants with respect to such Limited Partner, (iv) the definition of “Bad Act,” and (v) any other terms applicable to such Limited Partner, as the same may be modified, amended or supplemented from time to time.
Bad Act” has the meaning ascribed to that term in a Limited Partner’s Award Letter.
“BBA Audit Rules” means Subchapter C of Chapter 63 of the Code (sections 6221 through 6241 of the Code), as enacted by the United States Bipartisan Budget Act of 2017, Pub. L. No. 114-74, as amended from time to time, and the Treasury Regulations (whether proposed, temporary or final), including any subsequent amendments and administrative guidance, promulgated thereunder (or which may be promulgated in the future), together with any similar United States state, local or non-U.S. law.
“Book-Tax Difference” means the difference between the Carrying Value of each asset referred to in the definition of Carrying Value and its adjusted tax basis for United States federal income tax purposes, as determined at the time of any of the events described in the definition of Carrying Value. The General Partner shall maintain an account in the name of each Limited Partner that reflects such Limited Partner’s share of any Book-Tax Difference. Book-Tax Difference shall be allocated to the Limited Partners in accordance with Points immediately prior to the relevant event described in the definition of Carrying Value, and the Newly-Admitted Limited Partner’s share of any such Book-Tax Difference shall be zero. If the amount of the Book-Tax Difference with respect to any Partnership asset as of any determination date (the “current determination date”) is less than the amount of such Book-Tax Difference as determined as of the most recent prior determination date (the “prior determination date”), the General Partner has the discretion (but not the obligation) to make either of the following adjustments:

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(1)    with respect to all Partners who were previously allocated a share of the Book-Tax Difference as of the prior determination date, to reduce their respective shares of such prior Book-Tax Difference by substituting the Book-Tax Difference as of the current determination date in place of the prior Book-Tax Difference, and to make corresponding reductions to the Catch Up Amounts previously applicable to any Newly-Admitted Limited Partners based on the Book-Tax Difference as of the prior determination date; or
(2)    for purposes of calculating and allocating the Book-Tax Difference as of the current determination date and the corresponding Catch Up Amounts applicable with respect to any Newly-Admitted Limited Partner being admitted as of the current determination date, to adopt the Book-Tax Difference as of the prior determination date rather than applying the Book-Tax Difference as of the current determination date (unless the adjustment contemplated by the preceding clause is being adopted with respect to all Partners).
The General Partner may establish a current determination date in order to implement the operation of clause (1) at a time other than a required determination date.
“Capital Account” means with respect to each Partner the capital account(s) established and maintained on behalf of such Partner as described in Section 3.3.
“Carried Interest Revenues” means, with respect to any Fund, any carried interest, incentive allocations, performance allocations or similar performance-based compensation earned by the applicable Fund General Partner with respect to such Fund.
“Carrying Value” means, with respect to (i) the Partnership’s indirect interest in any Fund asset attributable to the Partnership’s interest in the Fund and (ii) any Partnership asset other than the interest in the Fund, the asset’s adjusted basis for United States federal income tax purposes, except that the Carrying Values of all Partnership assets shall be adjusted to equal their respective fair market values (as determined by the General Partner), in accordance with the rules set forth in Treasury Regulations section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f) (without regard to whether the book basis of the Partnership’s assets is adjusted for such difference for purposes of sections 704(b) and (c) of the Code), except as otherwise provided herein, immediately prior to: (a) the date of the acquisition of any interests in the Partnership by any new Partner or of any additional interests by any existing Partner in exchange for more than a de minimis capital contribution; (b) the date of the distribution of more than a de minimis amount of any Partnership asset to a Partner, including cash as consideration for an interest in the Partnership; (c) the date of the grant of more than a de minimis profits interest in the Partnership as consideration for the provision of services to or for the benefit of the Partnership by an existing Partner, or by a new Partner acting in his capacity as a Partner or in anticipation of becoming a Partner; or (d) the liquidation of the Partnership within the meaning of Treasury Regulations section 1.704-l(b)(2)(ii)(g); provided, that any adjustment pursuant to clauses (a), (b) and (c) above shall be made only if the General Partner reasonably determines that such adjustments are necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic interests of the Partners. The Carrying Value of any Partnership asset distributed to any Partner shall be adjusted immediately prior to such distribution to equal its fair market value (as determined by the General Partner). The Carrying Value of any asset

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contributed by a Partner to the Partnership shall be the fair market value (as determined by the General Partner) of the asset at the date of its contribution.
“Catch Up Amount” means the product derived by multiplying (a) the amount of any positive Book-Tax Difference present on the admission to the Partnership of a Newly-Admitted Limited Partner by (b) the percentage derived by dividing the number of Points issued to the Newly-Admitted Limited Partner, by the aggregate number of Points on the date the Newly-Admitted Limited Partner is admitted to the Partnership. The General Partner shall maintain an account in the name of each Newly-Admitted Limited Partner that reflects such Limited Partner’s Catch Up Amount, which shall be subject to adjustment as contemplated by the last two sentences in the definition of Book-Tax Difference, and which may be further adjusted to the extent the General Partner determines is necessary to cause the Catch Up Amount to be equal to the amount necessary to provide such Limited Partner with a requisite share of Partnership capital based on such Limited Partner’s Points in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and any Other Agreement entered into by such Limited Partner pursuant to Section 9.1(b).
Class” means any class of Interests as may from time to time be established by the General Partner.
“Clawback Payment” means any payment required to be made by the Partnership to any Fund General Partner in respect of any “general partner giveback,” “general partner clawback” or similar obligation of such Fund General Partner pursuant to the Fund LP Agreement of the applicable Fund.
“Clawback Share” means, as of the time of determination, with respect to any Limited Partner and any Clawback Payment, a portion of such Clawback Payment equal to (a) the cumulative amount distributed to such Limited Partner of Operating Profit attributable to the Fund to which the Clawback Payment is required to be made, divided by (b) the cumulative amount so distributed to all Limited Partners with respect to such Operating Profit attributable to such Fund. It is intended that the Clawback Share of a Limited Partner that does not hold a Class or tranche of Interests corresponding to the applicable Fund with respect to which such Clawback Share is attributable shall, to the extent related to distributions from the Partnership, be equal to zero percent (0%).
“Co-Investors (A) Entity” means an investment vehicle formed by AGM or any of its Affiliates to facilitate the investment in any Fund by employees of AGM or its Affiliates and their Related Parties.
“Co-Investors (A) Partnership Agreement” means the limited partnership agreement of any Co-Investors (A) Entity, as in effect from time to time.
“Code” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended and as hereafter amended, or any successor law.
“Covered Person” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.7(a).

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“Disability” has the meaning ascribed to that term in the Apollo Global Management, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan.
“Effective Date” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
“Final Adjudication” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.7(a).
“Fiscal Year” means, with respect to a year, the period commencing on January 1 of such year and ending on December 31 of such year (or on the date of a final distribution pursuant to Section 8.1(a)), unless the General Partner shall elect another fiscal year for the Partnership which is a permissible taxable year under the Code.
“Fund” means any pooled investment vehicle or managed account advised or managed by the applicable Fund General Partner and each “Parallel Fund” of such Fund within the meaning of the Fund LP Agreement of such Fund. Such term also includes each alternative investment vehicle created by a Fund and/or any such Parallel Fund, to the extent the context so requires.
“Fund General Partner” means the Affiliate of AGM that acts in the capacity of the general partner, managing member, manager or similar Person of any Fund pursuant to the Fund LP Agreement of such Fund, excluding any such Person set forth on Schedule II.
“Fund GP Agreement” means the constituent agreement, certificate or other document governing a Fund General Partner, as in effect from time to time.
“Fund LP Agreement” means the limited partnership agreement of any Fund, as in effect from time to time, and, to the extent the context so requires, the corresponding constituent agreement, certificate or other document governing each such Fund.
“GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles” means Apollo Global Carry Pool Intermediate, L.P., Apollo Global Carry Pool Intermediate (DC), L.P., and Apollo Global Carry Pool Intermediate (FC), L.P., each a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership.
“General Partner” has the meaning set forth in the preamble and includes any successor to the business of the General Partner in its capacity as general partner of the Partnership.
“Governmental Authority” means: (i) any government or political subdivision thereof, whether nonU.S. or U.S., national, state, county, municipal or regional; (ii) any agency or instrumentality of any such government, political subdivision or other government entity (including any central bank or comparable agency); and (iii) any court.
“Home Address” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.3.
“Initial Limited Partner” means Apollo Principal Holdings VI GP, LLC, solely in its capacity as the Initial Limited Partner.
“Interest” means the entire limited partnership interest owned by a Partner in the Partnership as of any date of determination, including the right of such Partner to any and all

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benefits to which a Partner may be entitled as provided in this Agreement, together with the obligations of such Partner to comply with all the terms and provisions of this Agreement.
“JAMS” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.6(b).
“Limited Partner” means any Person admitted as a limited partner to the Partnership in accordance with this Agreement, including any Retired Partner, until such Person is withdrawn entirely as a limited partner of the Partnership, in his capacity as a limited partner of the Partnership, in accordance with the terms hereof. All references herein to a Limited Partner shall be construed as referring collectively to such Limited Partner and to each Related Party of such Limited Partner (and to each Person of which such Limited Partner is a Related Party) that also is or that previously was a Limited Partner, except to the extent that the General Partner determines that the context does not require such interpretation as between such Limited Partner and his Related Parties.
“Losses” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.7(a).
“Newly-Admitted Limited Partner” means any Limited Partner whose admission to the Partnership causes an adjustment to Carrying Values pursuant to the definitions of “Carrying Value” and “Book-Tax Difference.”
Notice of Dissolution” has the meaning ascribed to that term in Section 8.1(c).
“Operating Loss” means, with respect to any Fiscal Year, any net loss of the Partnership. To the extent derived from any Fund, any items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit shall be determined in accordance with the same accounting policies, principles and procedures applicable to the determination by the relevant Fund, and any items not derived from a Fund shall be determined in accordance with the accounting policies, principles and procedures used by the Partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The General Partner shall allocate any Operating Loss derived from any Fund to the Classes or tranches of Interests to which such Operating Loss relates or in such other manner as determined by the General Partner. All references herein to the Operating Loss of the Partnership shall be construed as referring to the Operating Loss of the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles, as the context requires.
“Operating Profit” means, with respect to any Fiscal Year, any net income of the Partnership. To the extent derived from any Fund, any items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit shall be determined in accordance with the same accounting policies, principles and procedures applicable to the determination by the relevant Fund, and any items not derived from a Fund shall be determined in accordance with the accounting policies, principles and procedures used by the Partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The General Partner shall allocate any Operating Profit derived from any Fund to the Classes or tranches of Interests to which such Operating Profit relates or in such other manner as determined by the General Partner. All references herein to the Operating Profit of the Partnership shall be construed as referring to the Operating Profit of the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles, as the context requires.
“Original Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
“Other Agreements” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1(b).

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“Partner” means the General Partner or any of the Limited Partners, and “Partners” means the General Partner and all of the Limited Partners.
“Partnership” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
“Partnership Law” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
“Partnership Representative” means for any relevant taxable year of the Partnership to which the BBA Audit Rules apply, the General Partner acting in the capacity of the “partnership representative” (as such term is defined under the BBA Audit Rules) or such other Person as is appointed to be the “partnership representative” by the General Partner from time to time. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to the Partnership Representative shall also include reference to the “designated individual” through whom, if the Partnership Representative is not an individual, such Partnership Representative will act for all purposes under the BBA Audit Rules.
“Person” means any individual, partnership (whether or not having separate legal personality), corporation, limited liability company, joint venture, joint stock company, unincorporated organization or association, trust (including the trustees thereof, in their capacity as such), government, governmental agency, political subdivision of any government, or other entity.
“Point” means, with respect to any Limited Partner and any Class or tranche of Interests, an economic interest in the Operating Profit or Operating Loss attributable to such Class or tranche of Interests. The aggregate number of Points available for assignment to all Partners shall be maintained by the General Partner and set forth in the books and records of the Partnership. All references herein to a Limited Partner’s Points shall be construed as referring to the Points assigned to a Limited Partner indirectly in, and at the level of, a GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicle, as the context requires. Unless otherwise determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion, any Limited Partner assigned Points shall be assigned that number of Points in all GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles. Points may or may not be assigned to a Limited Partner in respect of a particular Class or tranche of Interests, as determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion. A Limited Partner may be assigned Points in respect of one or more than one Class or tranche of Interests, as determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion.
“Point Award Date” means the date on which a particular Point was assigned to a Limited Partner pursuant to an Award Letter.
“Portfolio Investment” or “Investment” or any similar term has the meaning ascribed to that term in each of the Fund LP Agreements.
“Reference Rate” means the interest rate announced publicly from time to time by JPMorgan Chase Bank in New York, New York as such bank’s prime rate.
“Register of Partners” means a register of partnership interests that is maintained by the General Partner.

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Registrar” means the Registrar of Exempted Limited Partnerships of the Cayman Islands.
“Related Party” means, with respect to any Limited Partner:
(a)    any spouse, child, parent or other lineal descendant of such Limited Partner or such Limited Partner’s parent, or any natural Person who occupies the same principal residence as such Limited Partner;
(b)    any trust or estate in which such Limited Partner and any Related Party or Related Parties (other than such trust or estate) collectively have more than 80% of the beneficial interests (excluding contingent and charitable interests);
(c)    any entity of which such Limited Partner and any Related Party or Related Parties (other than such entity) collectively are beneficial owners of more than 80% of the equity interest; and
(d)    any Person with respect to whom such Limited Partner is a Related Party.
“Retired Partner” means any Limited Partner who has become a retired partner in accordance with or pursuant to Section 7.2 and such Limited Partner’s Award Letter.
“Retirement Date” means, with respect to any Limited Partner, the date as of which such Person becomes a Retired Partner.
“Safe Harbor” means the election described in the Safe Harbor Regulation, pursuant to which a partnership and all of its partners may elect to treat the fair market value of a partnership interest that is transferred in connection with the performance of services as being equal to the liquidation value of that interest.
“Safe Harbor Election” means the election by a partnership and its partners to apply the Safe Harbor, as described in the Safe Harbor Regulation and IRS Notice 2005-43, issued on May 20, 2005.
“Safe Harbor Regulation” means Proposed Regulations section 1.83-3(l) issued on May 24, 2005.
“Section 9 Statement” has the meaning ascribed to that term in the recitals.

Tax Obligation” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(a).
“Transfer” means any direct or indirect sale, exchange, transfer, assignment or other disposition by a Partner of any or all of his interest in the Partnership (whether respecting, for example, economic rights only or all the rights associated with the interest) to another Person, whether voluntary or involuntary.

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“Vested Points” means the amount of Points calculated as of a Retired Partner’s Retirement Date in the manner set forth in the applicable Award Letter.
“Winding-Up Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(a).
(b)    The headings in this Agreement are inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement. As used herein, masculine pronouns shall include the feminine and neuter, neuter pronouns shall include the masculine and the feminine, and the singular shall be deemed to include the plural. The use of the word “including” herein shall not be considered to limit the provision which it modifies but instead shall mean “including, without limitation.”
(c)    As used in this Agreement, the phrases “any provision of this Agreement,” “the provisions of this Agreement” and derivative or similar phrases, and the terms “hereof,” “herein,” “hereby” and derivative or similar words, shall mean or refer only to any express provision actually written in this Agreement and not to any provision of the Partnership Law that may have application to the Partnership.
ARTICLE 2
CONTINUATION AND ORGANIZATION
Section 2.1    Continuation
The Partnership is hereby continued pursuant to the Partnership Law and this Agreement. The General Partner shall execute, acknowledge and file any amendments to the Section 9 Statement as may be required by the Partnership Law and any other instruments, documents and certificates which, in the opinion of the Partnership’s legal counsel, may from time to time be required by the laws of the Cayman Islands or any other jurisdiction in which the Partnership shall determine to do business, or any political subdivision or agency thereof, or which such legal counsel may deem necessary or appropriate to effectuate, implement and continue the valid and subsisting existence and business of the Partnership.
Section 2.2    Name
The name of the limited partnership continued hereby is “Apollo Global Carry Pool Aggregator IV, L.P.” The General Partner is authorized to make any variations in the Partnership’s name and may otherwise conduct the business of the Partnership under any other name, subject to compliance with the Partnership Law and all other applicable laws, as the General Partner may deem it necessary or advisable; provided that (i) such name shall contain the words “Limited Partnership,” the letters “L.P.” or the designation “LP” or the equivalent translation thereof, (ii) such name shall not contain the name of any Limited Partner without the consent of such Limited Partner, and (iii) the General Partner shall promptly give written notice of any such variation to the Limited Partners.
Section 2.3    Organizational Certificates and Other Filings
If requested by the General Partner, the Limited Partners shall immediately execute all certificates and other documents, and any amendments or renewals of such

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certificates and other documents as thereafter required, consistent with the terms of this Agreement necessary for the General Partner to accomplish all filing, recording, publishing and other acts as may be appropriate to comply with all requirements for (a) the continuation and operation of the Partnership as an exempted limited partnership under the laws of the Cayman Islands, (b) if the General Partner deems it advisable, the operation of the Partnership as a limited partnership, or partnership in which the Limited Partners have limited liability, in all jurisdictions where the Partnership proposes to operate and (c) all other filings required to be made by the Partnership.
Section 2.4    Offices
(a)    The Partnership shall maintain its principal office, and may maintain one or more additional offices, at such place or places as the General Partner may from time to time determine.
(b)    The General Partner shall arrange for the Partnership to have and maintain in the Cayman Islands, at the expense of the Partnership, a registered office and registered agent for service of process on the Partnership at Walkers Corporate Limited, Cayman Corporate Centre, 190 Elgin Avenue, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9008, Cayman Islands or such other place in the Cayman Islands as the General Partner may in its absolute discretion determine from time to time.
Section 2.5    Term of Partnership
(a)    The term of the Partnership commenced on the Effective Date and shall continue until the first to occur of any of the following events (each a “Winding-Up Event”):
(i)    at any time there are no Limited Partners, unless the business of the Partnership is continued in accordance with the Partnership Law;
(ii)    the occurrence of any event that results in the General Partner’s ceasing to be a general partner of the Partnership pursuant to the Partnership Law; provided that the Partnership shall not be wound up or dissolved in connection with any such event if (A) at the time of the occurrence of such event there is at least one remaining qualifying general partner of the Partnership who is hereby authorized to and does carry on the business of the Partnership, or (B) within 90 days after notice of the occurrence of such event, a majority of the Limited Partners agree in writing or vote to continue the business of the Partnership and to the appointment, effective from the date of such event, if required, of one or more additional general partners of the Partnership; or
(iii)    the order of a court of competent jurisdiction for the winding up and dissolution of the Partnership under the Partnership Law.
(b)    The parties agree that irreparable damage would be done to the Partnership and reputation of the Partners if any Limited Partner should bring an action for the winding up of the Partnership. Care has been taken in this Agreement to provide for fair and just payment in liquidation of the interests of all Partners. Accordingly, to the fullest extent permitted by law, each Limited Partner hereby waives and renounces his right to such action for

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a court order or direction for the winding up and dissolution of the Partnership or to seek the appointment of a liquidator for the Partnership, except as expressly provided herein.
Section 2.6    Purpose of the Partnership; Classes
(a)    The principal purpose of the Partnership is to hold an indirect interest (including through the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles) in certain Fund General Partners in order to derive cash or other revenues therefrom that are attributable to Carried Interest Revenues received by such Fund General Partners from Funds and to undertake such related and incidental activities and execute and deliver such related documents necessary or incidental thereto. As of the date hereof, the Partnership holds interests (including through the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles), in the Fund General Partners set forth on Schedule I hereto.
(b)    Without limiting the foregoing, the General Partner has established the Partnership as a special purpose investment vehicle through which the Limited Partners are treated as if they indirectly hold Points in the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles. In applying the provisions of this Agreement, in order to equitably determine the rights and obligations of the Partnership as a limited partner of the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles, the General Partner, in its capacity as the general partner of the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles, shall, to the maximum extent permissible under applicable law, treat each Limited Partner as if it were a limited partner of the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles with an interest in the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles determined with regard to the Points that are allocable to such Limited Partner’s Interest in the Partnership and any terms of the governing documents of the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles pertaining to a Limited Partner’s Points shall be incorporated by reference into this Agreement and applied as if each Limited Partner were a party to and bound by the terms of such governing documents, mutatis mutandis. The General Partner shall make such adjustments as it deems appropriate in its sole and absolute discretion to equitably reflect the economic interests of the Limited Partners in respect of their respective Points and, upon any allocation or reallocation of Points to a Limited Partner at the level of the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles, the General Partner may take all actions or make other adjustments which the General Partner deems necessary or proper to cause the Partnership as a limited partner to replicate such actions at the level of the Partnership. Notwithstanding the foregoing and for the avoidance of doubt, no Limited Partner shall own an interest in any GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicle.
(c)    The Partnership, in the General Partner’s sole and absolute discretion, may establish Classes or additional tranches of Interests from time to time having different terms than those of the Interests described in this Agreement, including in terms of the Fund General Partners associated with them. New Classes or additional tranches of Interests may be established by the General Partner without providing prior notice to, or receiving consent from, existing Limited Partners. The terms of such Classes or additional tranches of Interests shall be determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion. The General Partner may classify existing Interests as belonging to a Class.
Section 2.7    Actions by the General Partner
The General Partner may execute, deliver and perform all contracts, agreements and other undertakings, and engage in all activities and transactions for and on behalf of the

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Partnership as may in the opinion of the General Partner be necessary or advisable to carry out the objects and purposes of the Partnership, without the approval or vote of any Limited Partner.
Section 2.8    Admission of Limited Partners
Each Person whose name is set forth in the Register of Partners under the caption “Limited Partners” agrees to continue as a Limited Partner of the Partnership upon their execution of this Agreement. The General Partner agrees to continue as the General Partner of the Partnership upon its execution of this Agreement. Additional Limited Partners may be admitted to the Partnership in accordance with Section 6.1. Admission as a Limited Partner (including a Limited Partner admitted after the date hereof) will not change a Person’s employment status with any Affiliate of the Partnership or make any such Person an employee of the Partnership.
Section 2.9    Withdrawal of Initial Limited Partner
Immediately following the admission of the Limited Partners to the Partnership pursuant to Section 2.8, the Initial Limited Partner shall (i) receive a return of its original capital contribution, if any, (ii) withdraw as a Partner of the Partnership, and (iii) have no further right, interest or obligation of any kind whatsoever as a Partner in the Partnership.
Section 2.10    Effective Date
Each of the Limited Partners hereto hereby agrees that their respective rights, duties and obligations pursuant to this Agreement shall have effect from the Effective Date, as between the parties hereto, and the parties agree to account to each other accordingly.
Section 2.11    Register
The General Partner shall cause to be maintained at the principal office of the Partnership or at such other place as the Partnership Law may permit the Register of Partners which shall include such information as may be required by the Partnership Law. The Register of Partners shall not form part of this Agreement. The General Partner shall from time to time, update the Register of Partners as required by the Partnership Law to accurately reflect the information therein and no action of any partner shall be required to amend or update the Register of Partners. The Register of Partners shall be open to inspection by all Limited Partners at any time for any purpose reasonably related to such Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership and shall be available for inspection by such Limited Partner only with the consent of the General Partner.
ARTICLE 3
CAPITAL
Section 3.1    Contributions to Capital
(a)    No Partner shall be obligated, nor shall any Partner have any right, to make any contribution to the capital of the Partnership, except as may be agreed from time to time between such Partner and the General Partner and other than as specified in this Section 3.1. No Limited Partner shall be obligated to restore any deficit balance in his Capital Account.

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(b)    To the extent, if any, that at the time of the Final Distribution (or the equivalent term, in each case, as defined in each of the Fund LP Agreements) or at any time prior thereto (whether pursuant to the provisions of the applicable Fund LP Agreement, upon the determination of the applicable Fund General Partner or otherwise), it is determined that the Partnership, as a holder, directly or indirectly, of equity interests in a Fund General Partner, is required to make any Clawback Payment with respect to any of the Funds, each Limited Partner that holds an Interest in the particular Class or tranche of Interests to which such Clawback Payment relates, shall be required to participate in such payment and contribute to the Partnership, for ultimate distribution to the limited partners of the relevant Fund, an amount equal to such Limited Partner’s Clawback Share of any Clawback Payment, but not in any event in excess of the cumulative amount theretofore distributed to such Limited Partner with respect to the Operating Profit attributable to such Fund. For purposes of determining each applicable Limited Partner’s required contribution, each such Limited Partner’s allocable share of any Escrow Account (or the equivalent term, in each case, as defined in the Fund LP Agreements), to the extent applied to satisfy any portion of a Clawback Payment, shall be treated as if it had been distributed to such Limited Partner and re-contributed by such Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 3.1(b) at the time of such application.
(c)    Certain Fund GP Agreements (i) authorize the payment of awards to Apollo personnel or others of amounts sourced from Carried Interest Revenues and based on the performance of one or more (but fewer than all) portfolio investments of the applicable Fund, and (ii) require participants in the Fund GP’s carried interest plan to return distributions to the extent it is subsequently determined that the return is necessary to enable the Fund GP to satisfy obligations associated with such an award. If a GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicle is called upon to return a distribution of Carried Interest Revenues to a Fund GP in these circumstances, and any portion of such amount is determined to have been attributable to amounts previously distributed through the Partnership to any Limited Partner, each such Limited Partner is required to return to the Partnership, on demand by the General Partner, an equitable share of the amount required to be restored to the Fund GP as determined by the General Partner. Any such returned amount is to be applied exclusively for the purpose described in this section.
(d)    For the avoidance of doubt, the aggregate Clawback Payments required to be made by the Limited Partners hereunder with respect to any Fund shall not exceed the aggregate amount of distributions actually received by the Partnership from the applicable Fund General Partner that are attributable to Carried Interest Revenues, net of any amounts returned pursuant to the preceding section.
Section 3.2    Rights of Partners in Capital
(a)    No Partner shall be entitled to interest on any capital contributions to the Partnership.
(b)    No Partner shall have the right to distributions or the return of any contribution to the capital of the Partnership except (i) for distributions in accordance with Section 4.1 or (ii) upon the winding up and dissolution of the Partnership. The entitlement to any such return at such time shall be limited to the value of the Capital Account of the Partner. The General Partner shall not be liable for the return of any such amounts.

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Section 3.3    Capital Accounts
(a)    The Partnership shall maintain for each Partner a separate Capital Account in accordance with the provisions of Treas. Reg. section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv) and, to the extent consistent with such provisions, the terms of this Agreement.
(b)    Each Partner’s Capital Account shall have an initial balance of zero.
(c)    Each Partner’s Capital Account shall be increased by the sum of:
(i)    the amount of cash and the net value of any securities or other property constituting additional contributions by such Partner to the capital of the Partnership permitted pursuant to Section 3.1; plus
(ii)    the portion of any Operating Profit allocated to such Partner’s Capital Account pursuant to Section 3.4; plus
(iii)    such Partner’s allocable share of any decreases in any reserves recorded by the Partnership pursuant to Section 3.8 and any receipts determined to be applicable to a prior period pursuant to Section 3.8(b), to the extent the General Partner determines that, pursuant to any provision of this Agreement, such item is to be credited to such Partner’s Capital Account on a basis which is not in accordance with the current respective Points of all Partners.
(d)    Each Partner’s Capital Account shall be reduced by the sum of (without duplication):
(i)    the portion of any Operating Loss allocated to such Partner’s Capital Account pursuant to Section 3.4; plus
(ii)    the amount of any cash and the net value of any property distributed to such Partner pursuant to Section 4.1 or Section 8.1, including any amount deducted pursuant to Section 4.2 or Section 5.4 from any such amount distributed; plus
(iii)    any withholding taxes or other items payable by the Partnership and allocated to such Partner pursuant to Section 5.4(b), any increases in any reserves recorded by the Partnership pursuant to Section 3.8 and any payments determined to be applicable to a prior period pursuant to Section 3.8(b), to the extent the General Partner determines that, pursuant to any provision of this Agreement, such item is to be charged to such Partner’s Capital Account on a basis which is not in accordance with the current respective Points of all Partners.
(e)    If securities and/or other property are to be distributed in kind to the Partners or Retired Partners, including in connection with a liquidation pursuant to Section 8.1, they shall first be written up or down to their fair market value as of the date of such distribution, thus creating gain or loss for the Partnership, and the value of the securities and/or other property received by each Partner and each Retired Partner as so determined shall be debited against such Person’s Capital Account at the time of distribution.

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(f)    Within each Capital Account a separate sub-account may be established by the General Partner for each Class or tranche of Interests held by each Partner.
(g)    The General Partner, in its capacity as the general partner of the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles, may elect to further establish a notional capital account at the level of each such GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicle to correspond with each capital account or sub-account established at the level of the Partnership and the tranches or Classes of Interests established at the level of the Partnership.
Section 3.4    Allocation of Profit and Loss
(a)    Operating Profit or Operating Loss for any Fiscal Year shall be allocated to the Partners so as to produce Capital Accounts for the Partners (such Capital Accounts computed after taking into account any other Operating Profit or Operating Loss for the Fiscal Year in which such event occurred and all distributions pursuant to Article 4 with respect to such Fiscal Year and after adding back each Partner’s share, if any, of Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain, as defined in Treasury Regulations sections 1.704 - 2(b)(2) and 1.704 - 2(i), or Partnership Minimum Gain, as defined in Treasury Regulations sections 1.704 - 2(b)(2) and 1.704 - 2(d)) such that a distribution of an amount of cash equal to such Capital Account balances in accordance with such Capital Account balances would be in the amounts, sequence and priority set forth in Article 4; provided, however, that the General Partner may allocate Operating Profit and Operating Loss and items thereof in such other manner as it determines in its sole and absolute discretion to be appropriate to reflect the Partners’ interests in the Partnership, including with respect to Operating Profit that relates to a particular Fund Investment, is borne by the Limited Partners.
(b)    To the extent that the allocations of Operating Loss contemplated by Section 3.4(a) would cause the Capital Account of any Limited Partner to be less than zero, such Operating Loss shall to that extent instead be allocated to and debited against the Capital Account of the General Partner (or, at the direction of the General Partner, to those Limited Partners who are members of the General Partner in proportion to their limited partnership interests in the General Partner). Following any such adjustment pursuant to this Section 3.4(b) with respect to any Limited Partner, any Operating Profit for any subsequent Fiscal Year which would otherwise be credited to the Capital Account of such Limited Partner pursuant to Section 3.4(a) shall instead be credited to the Capital Account of the General Partner (or relevant Limited Partners) until the cumulative amounts so credited to the Capital Account of the General Partner (or relevant Limited Partners) with respect to such Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 3.4(b) is equal to the cumulative amount debited against the Capital Account of the General Partner (or relevant Limited Partners) with respect to such Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 3.4(b).
(c)    Each Limited Partner’s rights and entitlements as a Limited Partner are limited to the rights to receive allocations and distributions of Operating Profit expressly conferred by this Agreement and any Other Agreement entered into pursuant to Section 9.1(b) and the other rights expressly conferred by this Agreement and any such Other Agreement or required by the Partnership Law, and a Limited Partner shall not be entitled to any other allocations, distributions or payments in respect of his interest, or to have or exercise any other rights, privileges or powers.

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(d)    Operating Profit and Operating Loss shall be determined on a daily, monthly or other basis, as reasonably approved by the General Partner using any permissible method under section 706 and the Treasury Regulations thereunder. If any Limited Partner shall be admitted to the Partnership, retire from the Partnership or assigned additional Points at different times during the Partnership’s Fiscal Year, Operating Profit or Operating Loss shall be allocated among the Limited Partners on such proper basis as the General Partner shall determine consistent with the applicable requirements under section 706 of the Code.
Section 3.5    Tax Allocations
(a)    For United States federal, state and local income tax purposes, Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction or credit (or any item thereof) for each Fiscal Year shall be allocated to and among the Partners in order to reflect the allocations of Operating Profit and Operating Loss pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.4 for such Fiscal Year; provided that any taxable income or loss associated with any Book-Tax Difference shall be allocated for tax purposes in accordance with the principles of section 704(c) of the Code in any such manner (as is permitted under that Code section and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) as determined by the General Partner.
(b)    If any Partner or Partners are treated for United States federal income tax purposes as realizing ordinary income because of receiving interests in the Partnership (whether under section 83 of the Code or under any similar provision of any law, rule or regulation, the issuance of such interests may, in the General Partner’s discretion, be treated as a payment of the relevant cash amount by the Partnership to the issued Partner and, subsequently, a contribution of such cash amount by such Partner to the Partnership. Upon such issuance, all Partnership assets may, in the General Partner’s discretion, be adjusted to equal their respective fair market values (as determined by the General Partner) in connection with such issuance and, immediately following such issuance, no Book-Tax Difference shall be reflected with respect to the issued Partner for such interests. Any deduction arising from the issuance of such interests shall be allocated to and among the Partners whose distributions are reduced as a result of such issuance.
Section 3.6    Tax Treatment of Interests in the Partnership
(a)    The Partnership and each Partner agree to treat the Interests as a “Profits Interest” with respect to the Partnership within the meaning of Rev. Proc. 93-27, 1993-2 C.B. 343. In accordance with Rev. Proc. 2001-43, 2001-2 C.B. 191, the Partnership shall treat a Partner holding an Interest as the owner of such Interest from the date such Interest was issued, and shall file its IRS form 1065, and issue appropriate Schedule K-1s to such Partner, allocating to such Partner its distributive share of all items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit associated with such Interest as if it were fully vested. Each such Partner agrees to take into account such distributive share in computing its United States federal income tax liability for the entire period during which it holds the Interest. Except as required pursuant to a “Determination” as defined in section 1313(a) of the Code, none of the Partnership or any Partner shall claim a deduction (as wages, compensation or otherwise) for the fair market value of such Interest issued to a Partner in respect of the Partnership, either at the time of grant of the Interest, or at the time the Points assigned to the holder of the Interest become substantially

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vested. The undertakings contained in this Section 3.6 shall be construed in accordance with section 4 of Rev. Proc. 2001-43. The provisions of this Section 3.6 shall apply regardless of whether or not the holder of an Interest files an election pursuant to section 83(b) of the Code. This Section 3.6 shall apply only to an Interest granted while Rev. Proc. 93-27, 1993-2 C.B. 343 and Rev. Proc. 2001-43, 2001-2 C.B. 191, remain in effect.
(b)    The Partners agree that, in the event the Safe Harbor Regulation is finalized, the Partnership shall be authorized and directed to make the Safe Harbor Election, and the Partnership and each Partner (including any Person to whom an interest in the Partnership is transferred in connection with the performance of services) agrees to comply with all requirements of the Safe Harbor with respect to all interests in the Partnership transferred in connection with the performance of services while the Safe Harbor Election remains effective. The General Partner shall be authorized to (and shall) prepare, execute, and file the Safe Harbor Election. The General Partner shall cause the Partnership to make any allocations of items of income, gain, loss, deduction or expense (including forfeiture allocations) necessary or appropriate to effectuate and maintain the Safe Harbor Election.
Section 3.7    AEOI
(a)    Each Limited Partner:
(i)    shall provide, in a timely manner, such information regarding the Limited Partner and its beneficial owners and/or controlling persons and such forms or documentation as may be requested from time to time by the General Partner or the Partnership to enable the Partnership to comply with the requirements and obligations imposed on it pursuant to AEOI and shall update such information as necessary;
(ii)    acknowledges that any such forms or documentation provided to the Partnership or its agents pursuant to clause (i), or any financial or account information with respect to the Limited Partner’s investment in the Partnership, may be disclosed to any Governmental Authority which collects information in accordance with AEOI and to any withholding agent where the provision of that information is required by such agent to avoid the application of any withholding tax on any payments to the Partnership;
(iii)    shall waive, and/or shall cooperate with the Partnership to obtain a waiver of, the provisions of any law which prohibits the disclosure by the Partnership, or by any of its agents, of the information or documentation requested from the Limited Partner pursuant to clause (i), prohibits the reporting of financial or account information by the Partnership or its agents required pursuant to AEOI or otherwise prevents compliance by the Partnership with its obligations under AEOI;
(iv)    acknowledges that, if it provides information and documentation that is in any way misleading, or it fails to provide and/or update the Partnership or its agents with the requested information and documentation necessary, in either case, to satisfy the Partnership’s obligations under AEOI, the Partnership may

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(whether or not such action or inaction leads to compliance failures by the Partnership, or a risk of the Partnership or its investors being subject to withholding tax or other penalties under AEOI) take any action and/or pursue all remedies at its disposal, including compulsory withdrawal of the Limited Partner, and may hold back from any withdrawal proceeds, or deduct from the Limited Partner’s Capital Account, any liabilities, costs, expenses or taxes caused (directly or indirectly) by the Limited Partner’s action or inaction; and
(v)    shall have no claim against the Partnership, or its agents, for any form of damages or liability as a result of actions taken or remedies pursued by or on behalf of the Partnership in order to comply with AEOI.
(b)    The Limited Partner hereby indemnifies the General Partner and the Partnership and each of their respective partners, members, managers, officers, directors, employees and agents and holds them harmless from and against any AEOI-related liability, action, proceeding, claim, demand, costs, damages, expenses (including legal expenses), penalties or taxes whatsoever which such Person may incur as a result of any action or inaction (directly or indirectly) of such Limited Partner (or any Related Party) described in Section 3.7(a)(i) through (iv). This indemnification shall survive the Limited Partner’s death or disposition of its interests in the Partnership.
Section 3.8    Reserves; Adjustments for Certain Future Events
(a)    Appropriate reserves may be created, accrued and charged against the Operating Profit or Operating Loss for contingent liabilities, if any, as of the date any such contingent liability becomes known to the General Partner or as of each other date as the General Partner deems appropriate, such reserves to be in the amounts which the General Partner deems necessary or appropriate (whether or not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles). The General Partner may increase or reduce any such reserve from time to time by such amounts as the General Partner deems necessary or appropriate. The amount of any such reserve, or any increase or decrease therein, shall be proportionately charged or credited, as appropriate, to the Capital Accounts of those Persons who are Partners at the time when such reserve is created, increased or decreased, as the case may be, in proportion to their respective Points at such time; provided that the amount of such reserve, increase or decrease may instead be charged or credited to those Persons who were Partners at the time, as determined by the General Partner, of the act or omission giving rise to the contingent liability for which the reserve item was established in proportion to their respective Points at that time. The amount of any such reserve charged against the Capital Account of a Partner shall reduce the distributions such Partner would otherwise be entitled to under Section 4.1 or Section 8.1 hereof; and the amount of any such reserve credited to the Capital Account of a Partner shall increase the distributions such Partner would otherwise be entitled to under Section 4.1 or Section 8.1 hereof.
(b)    If at any time an amount is paid or received by the Partnership and such amount was not accrued or reserved for but would nevertheless, in accordance with the Partnership’s accounting practices, be treated as applicable to one or more prior periods, then such amount may be proportionately charged or credited by the General Partner, as appropriate, to those Persons who were Partners during such prior period or periods, based on each such Partner’s Points for such applicable period.

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(c)    Any amount required to be charged pursuant to Section 3.8(a) or (b) shall be debited against the current balance in the Capital Account of the affected Partners. To the extent that the aggregate current Capital Account balances of such affected Partners are insufficient to cover the full amount of the required charge, the deficiency shall be debited against the Capital Accounts of the other Partners in proportion to their respective Capital Account balances at such time; provided that each such other Partner shall be entitled to a preferential allocation, in proportion to and to the extent of such other Partner’s share of any such deficiency, together with a carrying charge at a rate equal to the Reference Rate, of any Operating Profit that would otherwise have been allocable after the date of such charge to the Capital Accounts of the affected Partners whose Capital Accounts were insufficient to cover the full amount of the required charge. In no event shall a current or former Partner be obligated to satisfy any amount required to be charged pursuant to Section 3.8(a) or (b) other than by means of a debit against such Partner’s Capital Account.
Section 3.9    Finality and Binding Effect of General Partner’s Determinations
All matters concerning the determination, valuation and allocation among the Partners with respect to any profit or loss of the Partnership and any associated items of income, gain, deduction, loss and credit, pursuant to any provision of this Article 3, including any accounting procedures applicable thereto, shall be determined by the General Partner unless specifically and expressly otherwise provided for by the provisions of this Agreement, and such determinations and allocations shall be final and binding on all the Partners.
ARTICLE 4
DISTRIBUTIONS
Section 4.1    Distributions
(a)    The General Partner shall use reasonable efforts to cause the Partnership to distribute, as promptly as reasonably practicable after receipt by the Partnership (not more frequently than quarterly), any available cash or property attributable to items included in the determination of Operating Profit, subject to the provisions of the applicable Fund LP Agreements and the retention of such reserves as the General Partner considers appropriate for purposes of the prudent and efficient financial operation of the Partnership’s business including in accordance with Section 3.8. Any such distributions shall be made to the Limited Partners separately with respect to the Interests held by the applicable Limited Partners in the particular Class or tranche of Interests to which such distributions relate in proportion to the respective Points of such Limited Partners with respect to such Class or tranche of Interests, determined (i) in the case of any amount of cash or property received from any of the applicable Fund General Partners that is attributable to the disposition of a Portfolio Investment by the applicable Fund, as of the date of such disposition by such Fund, and (ii) in any other case, as of the date of receipt of such cash or property by the Partnership, in each case, as determined by the General Partner; provided, however, that any cash or other property that the General Partner determines is attributable to a Book-Tax Difference shall be distributed to the Limited Partners that are entitled to a share of such Book-Tax Difference pursuant to the definition of “Book-Tax Difference,” with any such distribution to be in the proportion that each such Limited Partner’s allocated share

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of the applicable Book-Tax Difference bears to the total Book-Tax Difference of the asset giving rise to the cash or property.
(b)    Distributions of amounts attributable to Operating Profit and Book-Tax Difference shall be made in cash; provided, however, that if the Partnership receives a distribution from a Fund General Partner in the form of property other than cash, the General Partner may distribute such property in kind to Partners in proportion to their respective Points pertaining to the Class or tranche of Interests to which such distributions relate.
(c)    Any distributions or payments in respect of the interests of Limited Partners unrelated to Operating Profit or Book-Tax Difference shall be made at such time, in such manner and to such Limited Partners as the General Partner shall determine.
(d)    Except as the General Partner otherwise may determine, any Newly-Admitted Limited Partner shall have the right, after the distribution of any amounts attributable to Book-Tax Differences present at the time of such Newly-Admitted Limited Partner’s admission pursuant to the proviso of Section 4.1(a) to the other Limited Partners, to receive a special distribution of the Catch Up Amount.
(i)    Any such special distribution of the Catch Up Amount shall be in addition to the distributions to which the Newly-Admitted Limited Partner is entitled pursuant to Section 4.1(a) and shall be made to the Newly-Admitted Limited Partner (or, if there is more than one such Newly-Admitted Limited Partner, pro rata to all such Newly-Admitted Limited Partners based on the aggregate amount of such distributions each such Newly-Admitted Limited Partner has not yet received) from amounts otherwise distributable to the other Limited Partners from whom or from which the Points allocated to such Newly-Admitted Limited Partner(s) were reallocated (including from distributions of Book-Tax Difference arising after such Newly-Admitted Limited Partner’s admission), and shall reduce the amounts distributable to such other Limited Partners pursuant to Section 4.1(a), until each applicable Newly-Admitted Limited Partner has received an amount equal to the applicable Catch Up Amount. Any such Catch Up Amount shall be determined by the General Partner, and the General Partner may determine any such Catch Up Amount separately with respect to any Class or tranche of Interests, in each case, in its sole and absolute discretion.
(ii)    Any reallocation of Points pursuant to Article 7 shall include the right to receive any Catch Up Amount associated with such Points and shall succeed to any Book-Tax Difference accounts associated with such Points, except to the extent that the General Partner determines that the inclusion of such right would be inconsistent with the treatment of the reallocation of Points to such Limited Partner as a “profits interest” for income tax purposes.
(e)    Cash or property that the General Partner determines is associated with Operating Profit that has been specially allocated to a Limited Partner shall be distributed to such Limited Partner.   The General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, shall make such determinations regarding distributions of cash and property that it determines are associated with

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such special allocations as are necessary to ensure that the manner in which distributions are made is consistent with the purpose, and benefits and burdens, of such special allocations.
(f)    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if the General Partner determines, in its sole and absolute discretion, that all or a portion of the cash or property received by the Partnership from a GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicle constitutes cash or property which the Partnership (or such GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicle) is not entitled to receive pursuant to the governing documents of the applicable Fund General Partner or otherwise, then the General Partner may, in its sole and absolute discretion, cause the Partnership (or cause the general partner of such GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicle to cause such GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicle) to return such cash or property to such Fund General Partner, or otherwise make such adjustments as it deems necessary or advisable such that the Partnership (or such GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicle) shall not receive the economic benefits associated with the receipt of such cash or property.
Section 4.2    Withholding of Certain Amounts
(a)    If the Partnership incurs a withholding or other tax obligation (a “Tax Obligation”) with respect to the share of Partnership income allocable to any Partner (including pursuant to section 6225 of the BBA Audit Rules), then the General Partner, without limitation of any other rights of the Partnership, may cause the amount of such Tax Obligation to be debited against the Capital Account of such Partner when the Partnership pays such Tax Obligation, and any amounts then or thereafter distributable to such Partner shall be reduced by the amount of such taxes. If the amount of such taxes is greater than any such then distributable amounts, then such Partner and any successor to such Partner’s interest shall indemnify and hold harmless the Partnership and the General Partner against, and shall pay to the Partnership as a contribution to the capital of the Partnership, upon demand of the General Partner, the amount of such excess.
(b)    If a Tax Obligation is required to be paid by the Partnership (including with respect to a tax liability imposed under section 6225 of the BBA Audit Rules) and the General Partner determines that such amount is allocable to the interest in the Partnership of a Person that is at such time a Partner, such Tax Obligation shall be treated as being made on behalf of or with respect to such Partner for purposes of this Section 4.2(b) whether or not the tax in question applies to a taxable period of the Partnership during which such Partner held an interest in the Partnership. To the extent that any liability with respect to a Tax Obligation (including a liability imposed under section 6225 of the BBA Audit Rules) relates to a former Partner that has withdrawn (including compulsorily pursuant to Section 3.7), sold, assigned, pledged, mortgaged, charged, or otherwise transferred all or a part of its interest in the Partnership, such former Partner (which in the case of a partial withdrawal, sale, assignment, pledge, mortgage, charge or other transfer shall include a continuing Partner with respect to the portion of its interests in the Partnership so withdrawn, sold, assigned, pledged, mortgaged, charged or transferred) shall indemnify the Partnership for its allocable portion of such liability, unless otherwise agreed to by the General Partner in writing. Each Partner acknowledges that, notwithstanding the sale, assignment, pledge, mortgage, charge, or other transfer of all or any portion of its interest in the Partnership, it may remain liable, pursuant to this Section 4.2(b), for tax liabilities with respect to its allocable share of income and gain of the Partnership for the

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Partnership’s taxable years (or portions thereof) prior to such sale, assignment, pledge, mortgage, charge, or other transfer, as applicable (including any such liabilities imposed under section 6225 of the BBA Audit Rules).
(c)    The General Partner may (i) withhold from any distribution to any Limited Partner pursuant to this Agreement and (ii) arrange the withholding from any distribution from any Co-Investors (A) Entity to such Limited Partner any other amounts due from such Limited Partner or a Related Party (without duplication) to the Partnership, any Co-Investors (A) Entity or to any other Affiliate of AGM pursuant to any binding agreement or published policy to the extent not otherwise paid. Any amounts so withheld shall be applied by the General Partner to discharge the obligation in respect of which such amounts were withheld.
Section 4.3    Limitation on Distributions
Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Partnership, and the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership, shall not make a distribution to any Partner on account of his interest in the Partnership if such distribution would violate the Partnership Law or other applicable law.
Section 4.4    Distributions in Excess of Basis
Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the General Partner may refrain from making, at any time prior to the commencement of the winding up of the Partnership, all or any portion of any cash distribution that otherwise would be made to a Partner or Retired Partner, if such distribution would exceed such Person’s United States federal income tax basis in the Partnership. Any amount that is not distributed to a Partner or Retired Partner due to the preceding sentence, as determined by the General Partner, either shall be retained by the Partnership on such Person’s behalf or loaned to such Person. Subject to the first sentence of this Section 4.4, 100% of any or all subsequent cash distributions shall be distributed to such Person (or, if there is more than one such Person, pro rata to all such Persons based on the aggregate amount of distributions each such Person has not yet received) until each such Person has received the same aggregate amount of distributions such Person would have received had distributions to such Person not been deferred pursuant to this Section 4.4. If any amount is loaned to a Partner or Retired Partner pursuant to this Section 4.4, (a) any amount thereafter distributable to such Person shall be applied to repay the principal amount of such loan, and (b) interest, if any, accrued or received by the Partnership on such loan shall be allocated and distributed to such Person. Any such loan shall be repaid no later than immediately prior to the winding up of the Partnership. Until such repayment, for purposes of any determination hereunder based on amounts distributed to a Person, the principal amount of such loan shall be treated as having been distributed to such Person.

ARTICLE 5
MANAGEMENT
Section 5.1    Rights and Powers of the General Partner
(a)    Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the General Partner shall have complete and exclusive responsibility (i) for all management decisions to be

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made on behalf of the Partnership and (ii) for the conduct of the business and affairs of the Partnership.
(b)    Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the General Partner shall have full power and authority to execute, deliver and perform such contracts, agreements and other undertakings, and to engage in all activities and transactions, as it may deem necessary or advisable for, or as may be incidental to, the conduct of the business contemplated by this Section 5.1, including, without in any manner limiting the generality of the foregoing, contracts, agreements, undertakings and transactions with any Partner or with any other Person having any business, financial or other relationship with any Partner or Partners. The Partnership, and the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership, may enter into and perform the governing documents of the GCP IV Intermediate Pooling Vehicles and any documents contemplated thereby or related thereto and any amendments thereto, without any further act, vote or approval of any Person, including any Partner, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement. The General Partner is hereby authorized to enter into the documents described in the preceding sentence on behalf of the Partnership, but such authorization shall not be deemed a restriction on the power of the General Partner to enter into other documents on behalf of the Partnership.
(c)    The Partnership Representative shall be permitted to take any and all actions under the BBA Audit Rules (including making or revoking the election referred to in section 6226 of the BBA Audit Rules and all other applicable tax elections) and to act as the Partnership Representative thereunder, and shall have any powers necessary to perform fully in such capacity, in consultation with the General Partner if the General Partner is not the Partnership Representative. The General Partner shall (or shall cause another Partnership Representative to) promptly inform the Limited Partners of any tax deficiencies assessed or proposed to be assessed (of which a Partnership Representative or the General Partner is actually aware) by any taxing authority against the Partnership or the Limited Partners. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the acts of the General Partner (and with respect to applicable tax matters, any other Partnership Representative) in carrying on the business of the Partnership as authorized herein shall bind the Partnership. Each Partner shall upon request supply the information necessary to properly give effect to any elections described in this Section 5.1(c) or to otherwise enable a Partnership Representative to implement the provisions of this Section 5.1(c) (including filing tax returns, defending tax audits or other similar proceedings and conducting tax planning). The Limited Partners agree to reasonably cooperate with the Partnership or the General Partner, and undertake any action reasonably requested by the Partnership or the General Partner, in connection with any elections made by the Partnership Representative or as determined to be reasonably necessary by the Partnership Representative under the BBA Audit Rules.
(d)    Each Partner agrees not to treat, on his United States federal income tax return or in any claim for a refund, any item of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit in a manner inconsistent with the treatment of such item by the Partnership. The General Partner shall have the exclusive authority to make any elections required or permitted to be made by the Partnership under any provisions of the Code or any other law.

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Section 5.2    Delegation of Duties
(a)    Subject to Section 5.1, the General Partner may delegate to any Person or Persons any of the duties, powers and authority vested in it hereunder on such terms and conditions as it may consider appropriate.
(b)    Without limiting the generality of Section 5.2(a), the General Partner shall have the power and authority to appoint any Person, including any Person who is a Limited Partner, to provide services to and act as an employee or agent of the Partnership and/or General Partner, with such titles and duties as may be specified by the General Partner; provided that such services and activities fall within the “safe harbor” provisions set out in section 20(2) of the Partnership Law or otherwise do not cause such Limited Partner to take part in the conduct of the business of the Partnership. Any Person appointed by the General Partner to serve as an employee or agent of the Partnership shall be subject to removal at any time by the General Partner; and shall report to and consult with the General Partner at such times and in such manner as the General Partner may direct.
(c)    Any Person who is a Limited Partner and to whom the General Partner delegates any of its duties pursuant to this Section 5.1(c) or any other provision of this Agreement shall be subject to the same standard of care, and shall be entitled to the same rights of indemnification and exoneration, applicable to the General Partner under and pursuant to Section 5.7, unless such Person and the General Partner mutually agree to a different standard of care or right to indemnification and exoneration to which such Person shall be subject.
Section 5.3    Transactions with Affiliates
To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the General Partner (or any Affiliate of the General Partner), when acting on behalf of the Partnership, is hereby authorized to (a) purchase property from, sell property to, lend money to or otherwise deal with any Affiliates, any Limited Partner, the Partnership, any of the Fund General Partners or Funds or any Affiliate of any of the foregoing Persons, and (b) obtain services from any Affiliates, any Limited Partner, the Partnership, any of the Fund General Partners or Funds or any Affiliate of the foregoing Persons.
Section 5.4    Expenses
(a)    The Partnership shall bear all ordinary course costs and expenses arising in connection with the organization and operations of the Partnership; provided, that the General Partner may, in its sole and absolute discretion, allocate certain costs or expenses to a particular Class or tranche of Interests, in which case only the Limited Partners holding Interests in respect of such Class or tranche shall bear such costs or expenses.
(b)    Any withholding taxes payable by the Partnership, to the extent determined by the General Partner to have been paid or withheld on behalf of, or by reason of particular circumstances applicable to, one or more but fewer than all of the Partners, shall be allocated among and debited against the Capital Accounts of only those Partners on whose behalf such payments are made or whose particular circumstances gave rise to such payments in accordance with Section 4.2.

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Section 5.5    Rights of Limited Partners
(a)    Limited Partners shall have no right to take part in the management, control or conduct of the Partnership’s business, nor shall they have any right or authority to act for the Partnership or to vote on matters other than as set forth in this Agreement or as required by applicable law.
(b)    Without limiting the generality of the foregoing and to the maximum extent permitted under the Partnership Law, the General Partner shall have the full and exclusive authority, without the consent of any Limited Partner, to compromise the obligation of any Limited Partner to make a capital contribution or to return money or other property paid or distributed to such Limited Partner.
(c)    Nothing in this Agreement shall entitle any Partner to any compensation for services rendered to or on behalf of the Partnership as an agent or in any other capacity, except for any amounts payable in accordance with this Agreement.
(d)    Subject to the Fund LP Agreements and to full compliance with AGM’s code of ethics and other written policies relating to personal investment and any other transactions, admission into the Partnership as a Limited Partner of the Partnership shall not prohibit a Limited Partner from purchasing or selling as a passive investor any interest in any asset.
Section 5.6    Other Activities of General Partner
Nothing in this Agreement shall prohibit the General Partner from engaging in any activity other than acting as General Partner hereunder.
Section 5.7    Duty of Care; Indemnification
(a)    The General Partner (including, without limitation for this purpose each former and present director, officer, stockholder, partner, member, manager or employee of the General Partner), the Partnership Representative, and each Limited Partner (including any former Limited Partner) in his capacity as such, and to the extent such Limited Partner participates, directly or indirectly, in the Partnership’s activities, whether or not a Retired Partner (each, a “Covered Person” and collectively, the “Covered Persons”), shall not be liable to the Partnership or to any of the other Partners for any loss, claim, damage, liability or expenses (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement (collectively, “Losses”) occasioned by any acts or omissions in the performance of his services hereunder, unless it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (a “Final Adjudication”) that such Losses are due to an act or omission of a Covered Person (i) made in bad faith or with criminal intent or (ii) that adversely affected any Fund and that failed to satisfy the duty of care owed pursuant to the applicable Fund LP Agreement or as otherwise required by law.
(b)    A Covered Person shall be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by law by the Partnership against any Losses incurred by or imposed upon him by reason of or in connection with any action taken or omitted by such Covered Person arising out of the Covered Person’s status as a Partner or his activities on behalf of the Partnership, including in connection with any action, suit, investigation or proceeding before any

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Governmental Authority to which it may be made a party or otherwise involved or with which it shall be threatened by reason of being or having been the General Partner, the Partnership Representative, or a Limited Partner or by reason of serving or having served, at the request of any Fund General Partner, as a director, officer, consultant, advisor, manager, stockholder, member or partner of any enterprise in which any of the Funds has or had a financial interest, including issuers of Portfolio Investments; provided that the Partnership may, but shall not be required to, indemnify a Covered Person with respect to any matter as to which there has been a Final Adjudication that his acts or his failure to act (i) were in bad faith or with criminal intent or (ii) were of a nature that makes indemnification by the Funds unavailable. The right to indemnification granted by this Section 5.7 shall be in addition to any rights to which a Covered Person may otherwise be entitled and shall inure to the benefit of the successors by operation of law or valid assigns of such Covered Person. The Partnership shall pay the expenses incurred by a Covered Person in defending a civil or criminal action, suit, investigation or proceeding in advance of the Final Adjudication of such action, suit, investigation or proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by the Covered Person to repay such payment if there shall be a Final Adjudication that he is not entitled to indemnification as provided herein. In any suit brought by the Covered Person to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder it shall be a defense that the Covered Person has not met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in this Section 5.7, and in any suit in the name of the Partnership to recover expenses advanced pursuant to the terms of an undertaking the Partnership shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon Final Adjudication that the Covered Person has not met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in this Section 5.7. In any such suit brought to enforce a right to indemnification or to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the Covered Person is not entitled to be indemnified, or to an advancement of expenses, shall be on the Partnership (or any Limited Partner acting derivatively or otherwise on behalf of the Partnership or the Limited Partners). The General Partner may not satisfy any right of indemnity or reimbursement granted in this Section 5.7 or to which it may be otherwise entitled except out of the assets of the Partnership (including, without limitation, insurance proceeds and rights pursuant to indemnification agreements), and no Partner shall be personally liable with respect to any such claim for indemnity or reimbursement. The General Partner may enter into appropriate indemnification agreements and/or arrangements reflective of the provisions of this Article 5 and obtain appropriate insurance coverage on behalf and at the expense of the Partnership to secure the Partnership’s indemnification obligations hereunder. Each Covered Person shall be deemed a third party beneficiary (to the extent not a direct party hereto) to this Agreement and, in particular, the provisions of this Article 5, may enforce any rights granted to it pursuant to this Agreement in its own right as if it were a party to this Agreement, and shall be entitled to the benefit of the indemnity granted to the Partnership by each of the Funds pursuant to the terms of the Fund LP Agreements, except to the extent otherwise determined by the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion.
(c)    To the extent that, at law or in equity, a Covered Person has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Partnership or the Partners, the Covered Person shall not be liable to the Partnership or to any Partner for his good faith reliance on the provisions of this Agreement. The provisions of this Agreement, to the extent that they restrict or eliminate the duties and liabilities of a Covered Person otherwise existing at law or in

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equity to the Partnership or the Partners, are agreed by the Partners to replace such other duties and liabilities of each such Covered Person.
(d)    To the fullest extent permitted by law, notwithstanding any of the foregoing provisions of this Section 5.7, the Partnership may but shall not be required to indemnify (i) a Retired Partner (or any other former Limited Partner) with respect to any claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses arising from any conduct occurring more than six months after the date of such Person’s retirement (or other withdrawal or departure), or (ii) a Limited Partner with respect to any claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses as a director, officer or agent of the issuer of any Portfolio Investment to the extent arising from conduct in such capacity occurring more than six months after the complete disposition of such Portfolio Investment by the applicable Fund, or (iii) any Person to the extent the General Partner so determines.
Section 5.8    Discretion; Good Faith
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or as required by law, each power and authority vested in the General Partner by or pursuant to any provisions of this Agreement or the Partnership Law shall be construed as being exercisable by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion. To the fullest extent permitted by law and notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or in any agreement contemplated herein or applicable provisions of law or equity or otherwise, whenever the General Partner is authorized to make a decision (a) in its discretion, the General Partner shall be entitled to consider only such interests and factors as it desires, including its and its Affiliates’ own interests, and shall otherwise have no duty or obligation to give any consideration to any interest of or factors affecting the Partnership or any other Person, or (b) in its good faith or under another express standard, the General Partner shall act under such express standard and shall not be subject to any other or different standard, and may exercise its discretion differently with respect to different Limited Partners.

ARTICLE 6
ADMISSIONS, TRANSFERS AND WITHDRAWALS
Section 6.1    Admission of Additional Limited Partners; Effect on Points
(a)    The General Partner may at any time admit as an additional Limited Partner any Person who has agreed to be bound by and to adhere to this Agreement and may assign Points to such Person and/or increase the Points of any existing Limited Partner, in each case, subject to and in accordance with Section 7.1. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, an assignment of Points to a Limited Partner in one year shall not create an entitlement to, or an expectation of, an assignment or allocation of additional Points to such Limited Partner at any subsequent time.
(b)    Each additional Limited Partner shall execute either a counterpart to this Agreement or a separate instrument evidencing, to the satisfaction of the General Partner, such Limited Partner’s intent to become a Limited Partner and to adhere to and be bound by the provisions of this Agreement, and shall be admitted as a Limited Partner upon such execution.

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Section 6.2    Admission of Additional General Partner
The General Partner may admit one or more additional general partners at any time without the consent of any Limited Partner. Any additional general partner shall be admitted as a general partner upon its execution of a counterpart signature page to this Agreement, or a separate instrument evidencing their agreement to adhere to and be bound by this Agreement, in a form satisfactory to the General Partner, pursuant to which such person undertakes and agrees to become a General Partner of the Partnership. The incumbent General Partner shall make such filings with the Registrar as are necessary pursuant to the Partnership Law to effect the admission of any general partner to the Partnership.
Section 6.3    Transfer of Interests of Limited Partners
(a)    No voluntary Transfer of any Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership shall be valid or effective, and no transferee shall become a substituted Limited Partner. In the event of any involuntary Transfer, all of the conditions of the remainder of this Section 6.3 must be satisfied. Any interest in the Partnership that is the subject of a Transfer that does not satisfy the requirements of this Section 6.3 shall be immediately forfeited for no consideration.
(b)    A Limited Partner or his legal representative shall give the General Partner notice within 30 days after any involuntary Transfer, and shall provide sufficient information to allow legal counsel acting for the Partnership to make the determination that the proposed Transfer will not result in any of the following consequences:
(i)    require registration of the Partnership or any interest therein under any securities or commodities laws of any jurisdiction;
(ii)    result in a termination of the Partnership under section 708(b)(1)(B) of the Code or jeopardize the status of the Partnership as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes; or
(iii)    violate, or cause the Partnership, the General Partner or any Limited Partner to violate, any applicable law, rule or regulation of any jurisdiction.
Such notice must be supported by proof of legal authority and a valid instrument of assignment acceptable to the General Partner and such Transfer shall be subject to approval by the General Partner.
(c)    If any Transfer shall result in multiple ownership of any Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership, the General Partner may require one or more trustees or nominees whose names will be entered in the Register of Partners, to be designated to hold the legal title to the interest and to represent the entire interest transferred for the purpose of receiving all notices which may be given and all payments which may be made under this Agreement, and for the purpose of exercising the rights which the transferees have pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement. The Partnership shall not otherwise be required to recognize any trust or other beneficial ownership of any interest.

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(d)    A transferee shall not be entitled to any rights of a Limited Partner other than to the allocations and distributions attributable to the economic interest in the Partnership transferred to such transferee. No transferee may become a substituted Limited Partner except with the prior written consent of the General Partner (which consent may be given or withheld by the General Partner). Such transferee shall be admitted to the Partnership as a substituted Limited Partner upon execution of a counterpart of this Agreement or such other written instrument, in a form satisfactory to the General Partner, pursuant to which such transferee undertakes and agrees to become a Limited Partner of the Partnership and to adhere to and be bound by the provisions of this Agreement on admission as a Limited Partner. Notwithstanding the above, the Partnership and the General Partner shall incur no liability for allocations and distributions made in good faith to the transferring Limited Partner until a written instrument of Transfer has been received and accepted by the Partnership and recorded on the Register of Partners and the effective date of the Transfer has passed.
(e)    Any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any successor or transferee of any Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership shall be bound by the provisions hereof. Prior to recognizing any Transfer in accordance with this Section 6.3, the General Partner may require the transferee to make certain representations and warranties to the Partnership and Partners and to accept, adopt and approve in writing all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement.
(f)    In the event of a Transfer or in the event of a distribution of assets of the Partnership to any Partner, the Partnership, at the direction of the General Partner, may, but shall not be required to, file an election under section 754 of the Code and in accordance with the applicable Treasury Regulations, to cause the basis of the Partnership’s assets to be adjusted as provided by section 734 or 743 of the Code.
(g)    The Partnership shall maintain books for the purpose of registering the Transfer of partnership interests in the Partnership. No Transfer of a partnership interest shall be effective until the Transfer of the partnership interest is registered by the General Partner on the Register of Partners.
(h)    In the event of a Transfer of all of a Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership, such Limited Partner shall remain liable to the Partnership as contemplated by Section 4.2(b) and shall, if requested by the General Partner, expressly acknowledge such liability in such agreements as may be entered into by such Limited Partner in connection with such Transfer.
Section 6.4    Withdrawal of Partners
A Partner in the Partnership may not voluntarily withdraw from the Partnership prior to its dissolution unless so required by the General Partner pursuant to Section 7.2(a)(i)(B). For the avoidance of doubt, any Limited Partner who transfers to a Related Party such Limited Partner’s entire remaining entitlement to allocations and distributions shall remain a Limited

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Partner, notwithstanding the admission of the transferee Related Party as a Limited Partner, for as long as the transferee Related Party remains a Limited Partner.
Section 6.5    Pledges or Charges
A Limited Partner shall not pledge, charge or grant a security interest in such Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership.
ARTICLE 7
ALLOCATION OF POINTS; ADJUSTMENTS OF POINTS
AND RETIREMENT OF PARTNERS
Section 7.1    Allocation of Points
(a)    Except as otherwise provided herein, the General Partner shall be responsible for the allocation of Points from time to time to the Limited Partners. The General Partner may allocate Points to a new Limited Partner and/or increase the Points of any existing Limited Partner at any time; provided that (i) if the General Partner or its designee determines that a Limited Partner has engaged in Bad Acts or violated any of his restrictive covenants in favor of AGM or any of its Affiliates, such Limited Partner’s Points shall be forfeited as of the date of such engagement or violation determined by the General Partner, and (ii) the allocation or reallocation of Points will be on such terms as are consistent with the treatment of the Points as profits interests for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Points issued in respect of a particular Class or tranche of Interests shall constitute a “single” pool and entitle the holders hereof to share in all of the Operating Profit and Operating Loss of the Partnership attributable to such Class or tranche of Interests, howsoever derived, on the terms and conditions set forth herein. As of the date hereof, 100,000 Points are reserved for allocation and such number of aggregate Points so reserved shall not be increased or reduced unless otherwise determined by the General Partner.
(b)    Unless otherwise agreed by the General Partner, as a condition to the continued holding by a Limited Partner of any Points, concurrently with the Partnership’s becoming a partner or member of any Fund General Partner after the date hereof, each such Limited Partner shall execute and deliver to the General Partner (or, to the extent provided in an Award Letter or Other Agreement, by filing an election under section 83(b) of the Code, consent to a power of attorney authorizing the General Partner to execute on the Limited Partner’s behalf) the following documents, in form and substance satisfactory to the General Partner: (A) a guarantee or guarantees, for the benefit of such Fund’s investors, of such Limited Partner’s Clawback Share of the Partnership’s obligation to make Clawback Payments, and/or (B) an undertaking to reimburse any Affiliate of AGM for any payment made by it that is attributable to such Limited Partner’s Clawback Share of any Clawback Payment; it being understood that any of the documents contemplated by the foregoing clauses (A) and (B) may authorize the General Partner or its Affiliate to set-off any such Clawback Payment against distributions otherwise payable to such Limited Partner in respect of its Interests in the Partnership or any other Fund with respect to which such Limited Partner has a direct or indirect interest in the Carried Interest Revenues with respect to such Fund.

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(c)    Any change to a Limited Partner’s Points pursuant to this Agreement or such Limited Partner’s Award Letter shall apply on a prospective basis only, from and after the effective date of such change.
(d)    The General Partner shall maintain on the books and records of the Partnership a record of the number of Points allocated to each Partner and shall give notice to each Limited Partner of the number of such Limited Partner’s Points upon admission to the Partnership of such Limited Partner and promptly upon any change in such Limited Partner’s Points pursuant to this Article 7 and such notice shall include the calculations used by the General Partner to determine the amount of any such reduction.
(e)    Any Points that are forfeited under this Agreement or a Limited Partner’s Award Letter may be reallocated by the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, to APH or any other Person or Persons. Unless otherwise provided by the General Partner, forfeited Points shall be deemed reallocated to APH.
Section 7.2    Retirement of Partner
(a)    A Limited Partner shall become a Retired Partner upon:
(i)    delivery to such Limited Partner of a notice by the General Partner or any of its Affiliates (A) terminating such Limited Partner’s employment by or service to AGM or an Affiliate thereof, unless otherwise determined by the General Partner or (B) requiring that such Limited Partner withdraw from the Partnership;
(ii)    delivery by such Limited Partner of at least 90 days’ prior written notice to the General Partner, AGM or an Affiliate thereof stating that such Limited Partner elects to resign from or otherwise terminate his employment by or service to AGM or an Affiliate thereof; or
(iii)    the death of the Limited Partner, whereupon the estate of the deceased Limited Partner shall be treated as a Retired Partner in the place of the deceased Limited Partner, or the Disability of the Limited Partner.
(b)    Nothing in this Agreement shall obligate the General Partner to treat Retired Partners alike, and the exercise of any power or discretion by the General Partner in the case of any one such Retired Partner shall not create any obligation on the part of the General Partner to take any similar action in the case of any other such Retired Partner; it being understood that any power or discretion conferred upon the General Partner shall be treated as having been so conferred as to each such Retired Partner separately.

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Section 7.3    Effect of Retirement on Points
(a)    The consequences of a Limited Partner’s retirement on his Points shall be set forth in such Limited Partner’s Award Letter(s).
(b)    The right of any Retired Partner to receive distributions pursuant to this Agreement or such Retired Partner’s Award Letter(s) shall be subject to the provision by the General Partner for all liabilities of the Partnership and for reserves for contingencies.
ARTICLE 8
WINDING UP AND DISSOLUTION
Section 8.1    Winding Up and Dissolution of Partnership
(a)    The General Partner, except, where the General Partner is unable to perform this function, a liquidator elected by a majority in interest (determined by Points) of Limited Partners, shall commence the winding-up of the Partnership pursuant to the Partnership Law upon the occurrence of any Winding-Up Event. The General Partner or appointed liquidator shall terminate the business and administrative affairs of the Partnership and commence the winding up of the Partnership’s assets.
(b)    Operating Profit and Operating Loss during the Fiscal Years that include the period of liquidation shall be allocated pursuant to Section 3.4. The proceeds from liquidation shall be distributed in the following manner:
(i)    first, the debts, liabilities and obligations of the Partnership, including the expenses of liquidation (including legal and accounting expenses incurred in connection therewith), up to and including the date that distribution of the Partnership’s assets to the Partners has been completed, shall be satisfied (whether by payment or by making reasonable provision for payment thereof); and
(ii)    thereafter, the Partners shall be paid amounts in accordance with Article 4.
(c)    Following the completion of the winding up of the Partnership, the General Partner (or the liquidation agent, as applicable) shall execute, acknowledge and cause to be filed a notice of dissolution (the “Notice of Dissolution”) of the Partnership with the Registrar and the winding up of the Partnership shall be complete on the filing of the Notice of Dissolution. This Agreement shall terminate upon the filing of the Notice of Dissolution.
(d)    Anything in this Section 8.1 to the contrary notwithstanding, the General Partner or liquidator may distribute ratably in kind rather than in cash, upon the winding-up of the Partnership, any assets of the Partnership in accordance with the priorities set forth in Section 8.1(b); provided that if any in kind distribution is to be made, the assets distributed in kind shall be valued as of the actual date of their distribution and charged as so valued and distributed against amounts to be paid under Section 8.1(b).

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ARTICLE 9
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 9.1    Amendment of Partnership Agreement and Co-Investors (A) Partnership Agreements
(a)    The General Partner may amend this Agreement (including the Schedule hereto) at any time, in whole or in part, without the consent of any Limited Partner by giving notice of such amendment to any Limited Partner whose rights or obligations as a Limited Partner pursuant to this Agreement are changed thereby; provided that any amendment that (x) increases a Limited Partner’s obligation to contribute to the capital of the Partnership, or (y) increases such Limited Partner’s Clawback Share shall not be effective with respect to such Limited Partner, unless such Limited Partner consents thereto in advance in writing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner may amend this Agreement at any time, in whole or in part, without the consent of any Limited Partner to enable the Partnership to (i) comply with the requirements of the “Safe Harbor” Election within the meaning of the Proposed Revenue Procedure of Notice 2005-43, 2005-24 IRB 1, Proposed Treasury Regulation section 1.83-3(e)(1) or Proposed Treasury Regulation section 1.704-1(b)(4)(xii) at such time as such proposed Procedure and Regulations are effective and to make any such other related changes as may be required by pronouncements or Treasury Regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service or Treasury Department after the date of this Agreement, (ii) enable, when applicable, the Partnership (or the Partnership Representative) to comply with the BBA Audit Rules or to make any elections or take any other actions available thereunder, and (iii) comply with applicable law; provided that, unless otherwise provided in a Limited Partner’s Award Letter, any amendment pursuant to clause (i) that would cause a Limited Partner’s rights to allocations and distributions to suffer a material adverse change may be made only if the written consent of such Limited Partner is obtained prior to the effectiveness thereof. For the avoidance of doubt, an adjustment of Points shall not be considered an amendment.
(b)    Notwithstanding the provisions of this Agreement, including Section 9.1(a), it is hereby acknowledged and agreed that the General Partner on its own behalf or on behalf of the Partnership without the approval of any Limited Partner or any other Person may enter into one or more side letters or similar agreements (“Other Agreements”) with one or more Limited Partners which have the effect of establishing rights under, or altering or supplementing the terms of this Agreement. The parties hereto agree that any terms contained in an Other Agreement with one or more Limited Partners shall govern with respect to such Limited Partner or Limited Partners notwithstanding the provisions of this Agreement. Any Other Agreements shall be binding upon the Partnership or the General Partner, as applicable, and the signatories thereto as if the terms were contained in this Agreement, but no such Other Agreement between the General Partner and any Limited Partner or Limited Partners and the Partnership shall adversely amend the contractual rights or obligations of any other Limited Partner without such other Limited Partner’s prior consent.
(c)    The provisions of this Agreement that affect the terms of any Co-Investors (A) Partnership Agreement applicable to Limited Partners constitute a “side letter or similar agreement” between each Limited Partner and the general partner of the applicable Co-

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Investors (A) Entity, which has executed this Agreement exclusively for purposes of confirming the foregoing.
Section 9.2    Special Power-of-Attorney
(a)    Each Partner hereby irrevocably makes, constitutes and appoints the General Partner with full power of substitution, the true and lawful representative and attorney-in-fact, and in the name, place and stead of such Partner, with the power from time to time to make, execute, sign, acknowledge, swear to, verify, deliver, record, file and/or publish:
(i)    any amendment, or amendment and restatement to this Agreement which complies with the provisions of this Agreement (including the provisions of Section 9.1);
(ii)    all such other instruments, documents and certificates which, in the opinion of legal counsel to the Partnership, may from time to time be required by the laws of the Cayman Islands or any other jurisdiction, or any political subdivision or agency thereof, or which such legal counsel may deem necessary or appropriate to effectuate, implement and continue the valid and subsisting existence and business of the Partnership as a limited partnership or partnership in which the limited partners thereof enjoy limited liability;
(iii)    any written notice or letter of resignation from any board seat or office of any Person (other than a company that has a class of equity securities registered under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or that is registered under the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended), which board seat or office was occupied or held at the request of the Partnership or any of its Affiliates; and
(iv)    all such proxies, consents, assignments and other documents as the General Partner determines to be necessary or advisable in connection with any merger or other reorganization, restructuring or other similar transaction entered into in accordance with this Agreement (including the provisions of Section 9.5(c)).
(b)    Each Limited Partner is aware that the terms of this Agreement permit certain amendments to this Agreement to be effected and certain other actions to be taken or omitted by or with respect to the Partnership without his consent. If an amendment to the Section 9 Statement or this Agreement or any action by or with respect to the Partnership is taken by the General Partner in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, each Limited Partner agrees that, notwithstanding any objection which such Limited Partner may assert with respect to such action, the General Partner is authorized and empowered, with full power of substitution, to exercise the authority granted above in any manner which may be necessary or appropriate to permit such amendment to be made or action lawfully taken or omitted. Each Partner is fully aware that each other Partner will rely on the effectiveness of this special power-of-attorney with a view to the orderly administration of the affairs of the Partnership. This power-of-attorney is intended to secure a proprietary interest of the General Partner and the performance of the obligations of each Limited Partner under this Agreement, and as such:

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(i)    shall be irrevocable and continue in full force and effect notwithstanding the subsequent death or incapacity of any party granting this power-of-attorney, regardless of whether the Partnership or the General Partner shall have had notice thereof; and
(ii)    shall survive any Transfer by a Limited Partner of the whole or any portion of its interest in the Partnership, except that, where the transferee thereof has been approved by the General Partner for admission to the Partnership as a substituted Limited Partner, this power-of-attorney given by the transferor shall survive such Transfer for the sole purpose of enabling the General Partner to execute, acknowledge and file any instrument necessary to effect such substitution; and
(iii)    extends to the heirs, executors, administrators, other legal representatives and successors, transferees and assigns of such Limited Partner, and may be exercised by the General Partner on behalf of such Limited Partner in executing any instrument by a facsimile or electronic signature or by listing all the Limited Partners and executing that instrument with a single signature as attorney and/or agent for all of them.
Section 9.3    Notices
Any notice required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing. A notice to the General Partner shall be directed to the attention of Leon D. Black with a copy to the general counsel of the Partnership. A notice to a Limited Partner shall be directed to such Limited Partner’s last known residence as set forth in the books and records of the Partnership or its Affiliates (a Limited Partner’s “Home Address”). A notice shall be considered given when delivered to the addressee either by hand at his Partnership office or electronically to the primary e-mail account supplied by the Partnership for Partnership business communications.
Section 9.4    Agreement Binding Upon Successors and Assigns
This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors by operation of law, but the rights and obligations of the Partners hereunder shall not be assignable, transferable or delegable except as expressly provided herein, and any attempted assignment, transfer or delegation thereof that is not made in accordance with such express provisions shall be void and unenforceable
Section 9.5    Merger, Consolidation, etc.
(a)    To the maximum extent permitted by law, subject to Section 9.5(b) and Section 9.5(c), the Partnership may merge or consolidate with or into one or more limited partnerships formed under any applicable law or other business entities under any applicable law pursuant to a written plan of merger or consolidation which has been approved by the General Partner.
(b)    Subject to Section 9.5(c), but notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary contained elsewhere in this Agreement, a written plan of merger or consolidation approved in accordance with Section 9.5(a) may, to the extent permitted by Section 9.5(a) and applicable law, (i) effect any amendment to this Agreement, (ii) effect the adoption of a new

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exempted limited partnership agreement for the Partnership if it is the surviving or resulting exempted limited partnership in the merger or consolidation, or (iii) provide that the exempted limited partnership agreement of any other constituent exempted limited partnership to the merger or consolidation (including an exempted limited partnership formed for the purpose of consummating the merger or consolidation) shall be the exempted limited partnership agreement of the surviving or resulting exempted limited partnership.
(c)    The General Partner shall have the power and authority to approve and implement any merger, consolidation or other reorganization, restructuring or similar transaction without the consent of any Limited Partner, other than any Limited Partner with respect to which the General Partner has determined that such transaction will, or will reasonably be likely to, result in any material adverse change in the financial and other material rights of such Limited Partner conferred by this Agreement and any Other Agreement entered into pursuant to Section 9.1(b) or the imposition of any material new financial or other obligation on such Limited Partner. Subject to the foregoing, the General Partner may require one or more of the Limited Partners to sell, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of their interests in the Partnership in connection with any such transaction, and each Limited Partner shall take such action as may be directed by the General Partner to effect any such transaction.
Section 9.6    Governing Law; Dispute Resolution
(a)    This Agreement, and the rights and obligations of each and all of the Partners hereunder, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Cayman Islands, without regard to conflict of laws principles thereof that would give effect to the laws of another jurisdiction.
(b)    Subject to Section 9.6(c), any dispute, controversy, suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement, will be settled exclusively by arbitration, conducted before a single arbitrator in New York County, New York (applying Cayman Islands law) in accordance with, and pursuant to, the applicable rules of JAMS (“JAMS”). The arbitration shall be conducted on a strictly confidential basis, and none of the parties shall disclose the existence of a claim, the nature of a claim, any documents, exhibits, or information exchanged or presented in connection with such a claim, or the result of any action, to any third party, except as required by law, with the sole exception of their legal counsel and parties engaged by that counsel to assist in the arbitration process, who also shall be bound by these confidentiality terms. The decision of the arbitrator will be final and binding upon the parties hereto. Any arbitral award may be entered as a judgment or order in any court of competent jurisdiction. Any party hereto may commence litigation in court to obtain injunctive relief in aid of arbitration, to compel arbitration, or to confirm or vacate an award, to the extent authorized by the U.S. Federal Arbitration Act or the New York Arbitration Act. The party that is determined by the arbitrator not to be the prevailing party will pay all of the JAMS administrative fees and the arbitrator’s fee and expenses. If neither party is so determined, such fees shall be shared. Each party shall be responsible for such party’s own attorneys’ fees. IF THIS AGREEMENT TO ARBITRATE IS HELD INVALID OR UNENFORCEABLE THEN, TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW THAT CANNOT BE WAIVED, EACH PARTNER AND THE PARTNERSHIP WAIVE AND COVENANT THAT THE PARTNER AND THE PARTNERSHIP WILL NOT ASSERT (WHETHER AS PLAINTIFF,

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DEFENDANT OR OTHERWISE) ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION ARISING IN WHOLE OR IN PART UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT, WHETHER NOW OR HEREAFTER ARISING, AND WHETHER SOUNDING IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, AND AGREE THAT THE PARTNERSHIP OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES OR ANY PARTNER MAY FILE A COPY OF THIS SECTION WITH ANY COURT AS WRITTEN EVIDENCE OF THE KNOWING, VOLUNTARY AND BARGAINED-FOR AGREEMENT AMONG THE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS AFFILIATES, ON THE ONE HAND, AND THE PARTNER, ON THE OTHER HAND, IRREVOCABLY TO WAIVE THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY PROCEEDING WHATSOEVER BETWEEN SUCH PARTIES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AND THAT ANY PROCEEDING PROPERLY HEARD BY A COURT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL INSTEAD BE TRIED IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION BY A JUDGE SITTING WITHOUT A JURY.
(c)    Nothing in this Section 9.6 will prevent the General Partner or a Limited Partner from applying to a court for preliminary or interim relief or permanent injunction in a judicial proceeding (e.g., injunction or restraining order to enforce any restrictive covenants against a Limited Partner), in addition to and not in lieu of any other remedy to which it may be entitled at law or in equity, if such relief from a court is necessary to preserve the status quo pending resolution or to prevent serious and irreparable injury in connection with any breach or anticipated breach of covenants to which a Limited Partner is subject; provided, however, that all parties explicitly waive all rights to seek preliminary, interim, injunctive or other relief in a judicial proceeding and all parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the forum described in Section 9.6(b) hereto, for any dispute or claim concerning continuing entitlement to distributions or other payments, even if such dispute or claim involves or relates to any covenant to which a Limited Partner is subject. For the purposes of this Section 9.6(c), each party hereto consents to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the courts of the state and federal courts within the County of New York in the State of New York.
Section 9.7    Termination of Right of Action
Every right of action arising out of or in connection with this Agreement by or on behalf of any past, present or future Partner or the Partnership against any past, present or future Partner shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, irrespective of the place where the action may be brought and irrespective of the residence of any such Partner, cease and be barred by the expiration of three years from the date of the act or omission in respect of which such right of action arises.
Section 9.8    Not for Benefit of Third Parties
Except with respect to the rights of Covered Persons hereunder and the rights of any Person which retains indemnification rights pursuant to Section 5.7(b), each of whom shall be an intended third party beneficiary and shall be entitled to enforce the provisions of Section 5.7, none of the provisions of this Agreement shall be for the benefit of or enforceable by the creditors of the Partnership and this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Partners and their respective legal representatives, successors and permitted assigns. Without limitation to the foregoing, a Person who is not a party to this Agreement may not, in its own

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right or otherwise, enforce any term of this Agreement except that each Covered Person and any Person which retains indemnification rights pursuant to Section 5.7, may in its own right enforce directly its rights pursuant to the provisions of Section 5.7 subject to and in accordance with the provisions of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Law, 2014, as amended, modified, re-enacted or replaced. Notwithstanding any other term of this Agreement, the consent of, or notice to, any Person who is not a party to this Agreement (including, without limitation, any Covered Person and any Person which retains indemnification rights pursuant to Section 5.7) is not required for any amendment to, or variation, release, rescission or termination of this Agreement.
Section 9.9    Reports
As soon as practicable after the end of each taxable year, the General Partner shall furnish to each Limited Partner (a) such information as may be required to enable each Limited Partner to properly report for United States federal and state income tax purposes his distributive share of each Partnership item of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit for such year, and (b) a statement of the total amount of Operating Profit or Operating Loss for such year, including a copy of the United States Internal Revenue Service Schedule “K-1” issued by the Partnership to such Limited Partner, and a reconciliation of any difference between (i) such Operating Profit or Operating Loss and (ii) the aggregate net profits or net losses allocated by the Fund General Partners to the Partnership for such year.
Section 9.10    Filings
The Partners hereby agree to take any measures necessary (or, if applicable, refrain from any action) to ensure that the Partnership is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal, state and local income tax purposes.
Section 9.11    Counterparts
This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, including by facsimile or other electronic signature. All such counterparts so executed shall constitute an original agreement binding on all the parties, but together shall constitute but one instrument.
[Signature pages follow.]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement, as a deed, on the date first set forth above.

GENERAL PARTNER:

APOLLO GLOBAL CARRY POOL GP, LLC, WITH RESPECT TO SERIES A


By:    /s/ Joseph D. Glatt                
    Name:    Joseph D. Glatt
    Title:     Vice President

INITIAL LIMITED PARTNER:
(solely for the purpose of Section 2.9)

APOLLO PRINCIPAL HOLDINGS VI GP, LLC


By:    /s/ Joseph D. Glatt                
    Name:    Joseph D. Glatt
    Title:     Vice President

LIMITED PARTNERS:

On behalf of all Limited Partners listed on the Register of Partners:

By:    Apollo Global Carry Pool GP, LLC,
    with respect to Series A

By:    /s/ Joseph D. Glatt                
    Name:    Joseph D. Glatt
    Title:     Vice President


Apollo Global Carry Pool Aggregator IV, L.P.
Amended and Restated Exempted Limited Partnership
Agreement Signature Page
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SCHEDULE I
LIST OF FUND GENERAL PARTNERS
(As of January 28, 2021)
Fund General Partners:
Each of the entities entitled to earn Carried Interest Revenues from the following Funds:
    Apollo Investment Fund VIII, L.P.
    Apollo Investment Fund IX, L.P.
    Apollo Hybrid Value Fund, L.P.
    Apollo European Principal Finance Fund III (Dollar A), L.P.
    Athora Holding Ltd. (indirectly through a tracking interest in Apollo FIG Carry Pool Aggregator, L.P.)
    Apollo/Athene Dedicated Investment Program (A), L.P.
Each Parallel Fund associated with the Funds listed above.
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SCHEDULE II
EXCLUSIONS FROM LIST OF FUND GENERAL PARTNERS
(As of January 28, 2021)
    Apollo SPN Advisors (APO DC), L.P.
702100.0030.0004 4843-4627-7593
Exhibit 10.5
APOLLO GLOBAL CARRY POOL AGGREGATOR IV, L.P.
9 West 57th Street
New York, NY 10019
Award Letter
[Date]
Dear «Name»,
Apollo Global Management, Inc. and its subsidiaries (together, “AGM”) have established Apollo Global Carry Pool Aggregator IV, L.P. (the “Partnership”, or “GCP IV”). The purpose of the Partnership is to hold, indirectly through three intermediate pooling vehicles, interests in certain fund general partners, managing members, managers or similar persons (“Fund General Partners”) in order to derive cash or other revenues therefrom that are attributable to carried interest, incentive allocations, performance allocations or similar performance-based compensation (collectively, “Carried Interest Revenues”) received by participating Fund General Partners from funds managed by AGM, and to distribute such amounts to the Partnership’s partners in accordance with the terms of the limited partnership agreement of the Partnership (as the same may be amended or modified from time to time, the “Partnership Agreement”).
We are pleased to award you a limited partner interest in the Partnership in recognition of the services you have provided and will provide to or on behalf of AGM and the Fund General Partners. Your interest is being awarded by the general partner of the Partnership (the “General Partner”). Your rights as a limited partner of the Partnership (a “Limited Partner”), and the terms of this Award Letter, shall be governed by the terms of the Partnership Agreement, the principal economic terms of which are summarized in the accompanying Questions and Answers document. In the event of a conflict between this Award Letter (or the Questions and Answers document) and the Partnership Agreement, the terms and conditions of the Partnership Agreement shall govern. Any such determination shall be made by the General Partner in its sole discretion.
This Award Letter confirms the award to you of a number of points representing an economic interest in the future operating profit or operating loss of the Partnership (“Points”) and certain terms in relation to the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not earlier defined in this Award Letter have the meanings ascribed to them in Annex A.
A.Your Point Award
You are being granted the number of Points shown on Schedule I, out of a total pool of [100,000] Points, on the terms set forth in this Award Letter and the Partnership Agreement. Any Points granted to you in the future shall be evidenced by and subject to a separate Award Letter.
Your Points entitle you to a share of the Carried Interest Revenues received by the Partnership that are derived from the Fund General Partners set forth on Schedule I.
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You will be entitled to share in distributions on the Points only to the extent that amounts received by the Partnership are determined to be (a) sourced out of appreciation in the assets of the Funds managed by the Fund General Partners arising after the Point Award Date set forth on Schedule I or (b) otherwise consistent with the treatment of the Points as profits interests for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Subject to the foregoing, your share of future distributions received by the Partnership after the Point Award Date will be calculated as if you had held your Points since [Date].
B.Vesting
Your Points are subject to vesting [on a monthly basis on the last day of each month over the Vesting Period set forth on Schedule I]. The [monthly] vesting formula in Schedule I determines the number of “Vested Points” you may be eligible to retain in the event that you become a Retired Partner. Prior to the date you become a Retired Partner, the vesting formula does not affect the level of the distributions to which your Points entitle you.
Your Points shall be reduced automatically to (a) zero if your retirement is the consequence of a Bad Act and (b) otherwise, an amount equal to your Vested Points calculated as of the date you become a Retired Partner. Any such reduction shall be effective as of such date; provided that the General Partner may, in its sole discretion, agree to a lesser or later reduction (or to no reduction) of your Points.
Any Vested Points are subject to forfeiture if you breach any restrictive covenants applicable to you.
C.Clawbacks and Reserves
Any distributions you receive in respect of your Points are provisional and shall be subject to repayment, to the extent of your proportionate share, in the event of a clawback by a Fund from an associated Fund General Partner to which such distributions were attributable. In addition, as reflected in the reimbursement agreement to which your Points are subject (the “Reimbursement Agreement”), a portion of the distributed Carried Interest Revenues (the “Carried Interest Distributions”) that otherwise would have been made by a Fund and received as distributions or payments by you may be withheld by the General Partner or its applicable Affiliate, to defray an actual or potential general partner giveback obligation in respect of Carried Interest Distributions (whether in respect of your interest in the Partnership or a Fund General Partner or another entitlement you have in respect of Carried Interest Distributions), if the General Partner, Partnership or Fund General Partner determines in good faith that such withholding is appropriate to avoid subjecting the prompt collection of your share of such general partner giveback obligation to possible delay, impediment, hindrance or risk. Distributions of whatever kind or character, whether in cash or other rights or property, at any time owing or payable to you in respect of or on account of your interest in a Co-Investors (A) Entity (or its equivalent) may also be withheld in good faith for the same purposes. Any such withholding shall be proportionate to your actual or potential liability in respect of such obligations, as determined by the General Partner, Partnership or applicable Fund General Partner in good faith.
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You may also be required to restore distributions to GCP IV if it is subsequently determined that the reclamation is needed to enable a Fund General Partner to satisfy a specific obligation (such as an obligation to pay a share of carried interest based on the performance of one or more specific portfolio investments).
D.Corporate Clawback Policy
To the extent mandated by applicable law, stock exchange or accounting rule and/or set forth in a written clawback policy (e.g., with respect to compensation paid based on financial statements that are later found to have been materially misstated) adopted by AGM or an Affiliate, amounts distributed in respect of Points may be subject to clawback by AGM or an Affiliate under such law, rule and/or policy and, accordingly, you may be required to refund any relevant amounts to AGM or the relevant Affiliate.
E.Miscellaneous
1.    The Partnership Agreement, this Award Letter, and related documentation and rights are intended to be exempt from Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code Section 409A”), or, if and to the extent subject to Code Section 409A, to comply therewith. Accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted, such documents shall be interpreted and be administered to be in compliance with Code Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, to the extent required in order to avoid accelerated taxation and/or tax penalties under Code Section 409A, no distributions owing by reason of termination of employment or service hereunder shall be due until you would be considered to have incurred a “separation from service” from AGM and/or its Affiliates within the meaning of Code Section 409A. Any distributions that are due within the “short-term deferral period” or fall within the “separation pay exemption” within the meaning of Code Section 409A shall not be treated as deferred compensation unless applicable law requires otherwise. Each amount to be paid or benefit to be provided to you from AGM and its Affiliates, whether pursuant to the Partnership Agreement or otherwise that constitutes deferred compensation subject to Code Section 409A shall be construed as a separate payment for purposes of Code Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Partnership Agreement or related documentation, to the extent that any distributions to be made upon your separation from service would result in the imposition of any individual penalty tax imposed under Code Section 409A on account of your being a “specified employee” within the meaning of Code Section 409A, the distributions shall instead be made on the first business day after the earlier of (i) the date that is six months following such separation from service and (ii) your death. In no event shall AGM or any of its Affiliates (or any agent thereof) have any liability to you or any other Person due to any failure of the Partnership or any associated documentation to satisfy the requirements of Code Section 409A.
2.    No officer, director, employee or agent of AGM or any of its Affiliates shall be personally liable for any action, omission, determination, or interpretation taken or made with respect to the Partnership or any associated documentation.
3.    AGM may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to the Partnership Agreement and any associated documentation by electronic means or to request your consent to participate in any of the foregoing by electronic means. You hereby consent to receive
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such documents by electronic delivery and, if requested, to agree to participate therein through an online or electronic system established and maintained by AGM, an Affiliate or a third party designated thereby.
4.    This Award Letter (including the execution page for the purposes set forth therein) is governed by and is to be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to the principles of conflicts of laws that would cause the laws of another jurisdiction to apply. The dispute resolution provisions of the Partnership Agreement (other than those regarding governing law) shall apply to this Award Letter as if reprinted herein. This Award Letter is binding on and enforceable against the General Partner, the Partnership and you. Except as otherwise described herein and in the Partnership Agreement, this Award Letter may be amended only with the consent of each party hereto. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Award Letter may be modified, changed or terminated at any time if such adjustment is necessary or advisable in light of tax, accounting or regulatory considerations, as determined by the General Partner or its designee in its sole discretion. The arrangements described in this Award Letter shall be administered by the General Partner and its determinations shall be final, binding and conclusive on the parties. The Partnership or the General Partner may provide copies of this Award Letter to other Persons. This Award Letter may be executed by facsimile or electronic signature and in one or more counterparts, all of which constitute one and the same instrument.
5.    This Award Letter shall be deemed confidential information for purposes of the Partnership Agreement.
6.    Your Points will be a profits interest for U.S. tax purposes, issued in recognition of the services you have provided and will provide to AGM and the Fund General Partners.
7.    You are subject to this Award Letter, the Partnership Agreement, the Reimbursement Agreement and any other agreements referred to herein or therein (collectively, the “GCP IV Documents”) and are bound by, and shall be treated as a party to, all of the foregoing agreements (including as the same may be amended or modified from time to time in accordance with their terms), as a Limited Partner of the Partnership, with respect to your Points.
For purposes of clarity, we note that the GCP IV Documents do not change the terms and conditions of your employment or service. Moreover, GCP IV does not include restrictive covenants or expand upon those to which you are otherwise subject, except with regard to the confidentiality obligations that apply to GCP IV.
By signing below, you acknowledge and agree that you are a Limited Partner of the Partnership and agree to adhere to and be bound by the Reimbursement Agreement. In furtherance of the foregoing, in consideration of the award of Points to you hereunder, you are deemed irrevocably to make, constitute and appoint the General Partner with full power of substitution, as your true and lawful representative and attorney-in-fact, and in your name, place and stead, with the power from time to time to make, execute, sign, acknowledge, swear to, verify, deliver, record, file and/or publish all of the GCP IV Documents and any amendment thereto.
[Signature Page Follows]
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By signing below using DocuSign, you are also executing a Section 83(b) election. It is your responsibility to file, not later than the Section 83(b) election deadline set forth on Schedule I, a Section 83(b) election with the IRS at the address indicated in the enclosed Section 83(b) election packet.

Sincerely yours,

APOLLO GLOBAL CARRY POOL AGGREGATOR IV, L.P.
By:    Apollo Global Carry Pool GP, LLC,
    with respect to Series A
    its general partner


By:                            
    Name:    
    Title:    

Acknowledged and Agreed:
______________________________
«Name»

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Annex A
Definitions
“Affiliate” means with respect to any Person any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person. Except as the context otherwise requires, the term “Affiliate” in relation to AGM includes each collective investment fund and other client account sponsored or managed by AGM or its affiliated asset management entities, but, in each case, does not include portfolio investments (except with respect to Bad Acts).
“Bad Act” means your:
(i)commission of an intentional violation of a material law or regulation in connection with any transaction involving the purchase, sale, loan, pledge or other disposition of, or the rendering of investment advice with respect to, any security, asset, futures or forward contract, insurance contract, debt instrument or currency, in each case, that has a significant adverse effect on your ability to perform your services to AGM or any of its Affiliates;
(ii)    commission of an intentional and material breach of a material provision of a written Apollo Code of Ethics (other than any Apollo Code of Ethics adopted after the date of your admission to the Partnership with the primary purpose of creating or finding “Bad Acts”);
(iii)    commission of intentional misconduct in connection with your performance of services for AGM or any of its Affiliates;
(iv)    commission of any misconduct that, individually or in the aggregate, has caused or substantially contributed to, or is reasonably likely to cause or substantially contribute to, material economic or reputational harm to AGM or any of its Affiliates (excluding any mistake of judgment made in good faith with respect to a Portfolio Investment or fund or account managed by AGM or its Affiliates, or a communication made to the principals or other partners, in a professional manner, of a good faith disagreement with a proposed action by AGM or any of its Affiliates);
(v)    conviction of a felony or plea of no contest to a felony charge, in each case, if such felony relates to AGM or any of its Affiliates;
(vi)    fraud in connection with your performance of services for AGM or any of its Affiliates; or
(vii)    embezzlement from AGM or any of its Affiliates or interest holders;
provided, however, that:
(a)    you have failed to cure within 15 days after notice thereof, to the extent such occurrence is susceptible to cure, the items set forth in clauses (ii) and (iv); and
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(b)    during the pendency of any felony charge under clause (v), AGM and its Affiliates may suspend payment of any distributions in respect of your Points, and if (I) you are later acquitted or otherwise exonerated from such charge, or (II) your employment or service with AGM or its applicable Affiliate does not terminate, then (A) AGM or its applicable Affiliate shall pay to you all such accrued but unpaid distributions with respect to Vested Points, with interest calculated from the date such distributions were suspended at the prime lending rate in effect on the date of such suspension, and (B) throughout the period of suspension (or until the date of termination of your employment or service, if earlier), distributions with respect to unvested Points shall continue to accrue, and Points shall continue to vest, in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein.
Co-Investors (A) Entity” means an investment vehicle formed by AGM or any of its Affiliates to facilitate the investment in any fund or account managed by AGM or an Affiliate by employees or partners of AGM or its Affiliates and their related parties.
Disability” has the meaning ascribed to that term in the Apollo Global Management, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan.
Fund” means any pooled investment vehicle or managed account advised or managed by the applicable Fund General Partner and each “Parallel Fund” of such Fund within the meaning of the Fund LP Agreement of such Fund. Such term also includes each alternative investment vehicle created by a Fund and/or any such Parallel Fund, to the extent the context so requires.
Fund LP Agreement means the limited partnership agreement or similar governing agreement of any Fund, as in effect from time to time, and, to the extent the context so requires, the corresponding constituent agreement, certificate or other document governing each such Fund.
Retired Partner has the meaning ascribed to that term in the Partnership Agreement.

A-2
702100.0003.0004 4817-6265-1865


Schedule I
Number of Points: «Number_of_Points»
Point Award Date: [Date]
Deadline for Returning Signed Documents to Apollo: [Date]
IRS Deadline for Filing Section 83(b) Election: [Date]
Fund General Partners:
Each of the entities entitled to earn Carried Interest Revenues from the following funds:
[ ]
Vesting
[If you become a Retired Partner for any reason other than your death, Disability, or a Bad Act or your breach of a restrictive covenant, your “Vested Points”, effective upon the date you become a Retired Partner, are calculated by multiplying your total Points by a fraction equal to the number of month-end dates during your Vesting Period divided by [ ]. Your “Vesting Period” is the period commencing on [ ] and ending on the earlier of (a) [ ] (the date when you become [ ]% vested in your Points) and (b) the date that you become a Retired Partner.
If you become a Retired Partner as a result of your death or Disability before [ ], your Vested Points increase by an additional amount equal to one-half of the difference between (a) the vested amount based on the monthly vesting formula, and (b) [ ]% of your Points.
Your Points shall be reduced automatically to (a) zero if your retirement is the consequence of a Bad Act and (b) otherwise, an amount equal to your Vested Points calculated as of the date you become a Retired Partner. Any such reduction shall be effective as of such date; provided that the General Partner may, in its sole discretion, agree to a lesser or later reduction (or to no reduction) of your Points.
Any Vested Points are subject to forfeiture if you breach any restrictive covenants applicable to you.]

702100.0003.0004 4817-6265-1865

Exhibit 31.1
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION
I, Marc Rowan, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 of Apollo Global Management, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:
a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.



Date: May 10, 2021
 
/s/ Marc Rowan
Marc Rowan
Chief Executive Officer


Exhibit 31.2
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION
I, Martin Kelly, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 of Apollo Global Management, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: May 10, 2021
 
/s/ Martin Kelly
Martin Kelly
Chief Financial Officer and Co-Chief Operating Officer


Exhibit 32.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Apollo Global Management, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Marc Rowan, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: May 10, 2021
 
/s/ Marc Rowan
Marc Rowan
Chief Executive Officer
 
* The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.


Exhibit 32.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Apollo Global Management, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Martin Kelly, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: May 10, 2021
 
/s/ Martin Kelly
Martin Kelly
Chief Financial Officer and Co-Chief Operating Officer
 
 
* The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.