PART I

holders or redemption by AMC upon the occurrence of certain contingencies, as discussed below. Upon maturity, the $600.0 million principal amount of the Convertible Notes due 2024 will be payable in cash. We will pay interest in cash on the Convertible Notes due 2024 at 2.95% per annum, semi-annually in arrears on September 15th and March 15th, commencing on March 15, 2019. We used the net proceeds from the sale of the Convertible Notes due 2024 to repurchase and retire 24,057,143 shares of Class B common stock held by Wanda for $17.50 per share or approximately $421.0 million, associated legal fees of $1.9 million, and to pay a special dividend of $1.55 per share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or approximately $160.5 million on September 28, 2018 to shareholders of record on September 25, 2018. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Significant Events and Note 8 – Corporate Borrowings and Capital and Financing Lease Obligations in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8, hereof for further information on the terms of the Convertible Notes due 2024.

Special Dividend:   On September 14, 2018, our Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend in the amount of $1.55 per share of Class A and Class B common stock, payable on September 28, 2018 to stockholders of record on September 25, 2018.

Narrative Description of Business

We are the world’s largest theatrical exhibition company and an industry leader in innovation and operational excellence. Over the course of our nearly 100 year history, we have pioneered many of the theatrical exhibition industry’s most important innovations. We introduced Multiplex theatres in the 1960s and the North American stadium-seated Megaplex theatre format in the 1990s. Most recently, we revolutionized movie-going with the deployment of our theatre renovations featuring plush, powered recliner seating. Our growth has been driven by a combination of organic growth through reinvestment in our existing assets and through the acquisition of some of the most respected companies in the theatrical exhibition industry.

The combination of AMC, Odeon, Carmike Cinemas, Inc. (“Carmike”) and Nordic Cinema Group Holdings AB (“Nordic”) makes us the largest theatre operator in the world with 1,006 theatres and 11,091 screens in 15 countries as of December 31, 2018. We are the #1 theatre operator in the United States; the #1 theatre operator in the United Kingdom-Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; the #2 theatre operator in Portugal; and the #4 theatre operator in Germany. We have operations in four of the world’s ten largest economies, including four of the five largest European economies (the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy and Germany). Additionally, the combined company is the largest global procurer in theatrical exhibition of film, food and beverage items, lighting and theatre supplies.

As of December 31, 2018, we owned, operated or held interests in 637 theatres with a total of 8,114 screens in the United States and 369 theatres and 2,977 screens in European markets. With operations in 44 states and the District of Columbia, approximately 52% of the U.S. population lives within 10 miles of one of our theatres. We have a diversified footprint with complementary global geographic and guest demographic profiles, which we believe gives our circuit a unique profile and offers strategic and operational advantages .   We operate productive theaters in the top markets in the United States and have the #1 market share in the top two markets: New York and Los Angeles. Our top five markets, in each of which we hold the #1 or #2 share position, are New York (44% share), Los Angeles (28%), Chicago (43%), San Francisco (25%) and Washington, D.C. (33%). Strategically, these markets and our theatres in them are diverse, operationally complex and, in many cases, the scarcity of new theatre opportunities creates a significant competitive advantage for established locations against newcomers or alternative entertainment options.

Our theatrical exhibition revenues are generated primarily from box office admissions and theatre food and beverage sales. We offer consumers a broad range of entertainment alternatives including traditional film programming, independent and foreign films, performing arts, music and sports. We also offer food and beverage alternatives beyond traditional concession items, including made-to-order meals, customized coffee, healthy snacks, beer, wine, premium cocktails and dine-in theatre options. The balance of our revenues is generated from ancillary sources, including on‑screen advertising, fees earned from our AMC Stubs ® customer loyalty program, rental of theatre auditoriums, income from gift card and exchange ticket sales, and on‑line ticketing fees.

Approximately 359 million consumers have attended AMC, Odeon and Nordic theatre circuits, combined for the year ended December 31, 2018.  

As a result of our ongoing focus to improve the quality of the movie-going experience, AMC theatres continue to maintain top-box customer satisfaction scores of nearly 60% and industry leading theatre productivity metrics. According to publicly available information for our most comparable peers in the U.S. market, for the year ended December 31, 2018, our U.S. markets were #1 or #2 in revenues per patron ($15.69), food and beverage per patron ($5.17), and average ticket price ($9.55). We believe that it is the quality of our theatre locations and our customer‑focused innovation that continue to drive improved productivity per location (which we measure as increases in admissions revenues per screen relative to the industry and/or food and beverage revenues per patron).

To ensure that we are an imaginative and bold innovator today and in the years ahead, we have established the following key priorities.

We plan to continue investing in our theatres and upgrading the consumer experience to take greater advantage of incremental revenue-generating opportunities, primarily through an array of improved and differentiated customer experiences in (1) more comfort and convenience; (2) food and beverage; (3) engagement and loyalty; (4) sight and sound; and (5) targeted programming. The following table provides detail with respect to the geographic location of our theatrical exhibition circuit as of December 31, 2018:

Our historic growth also has been driven by a combination of organic growth and acquisition strategies, in addition to strategic alliances and partnerships that highlight our ability to capture innovation and value beyond the traditional exhibition space. For example:

The following table sets forth our historical information concerning new builds (including expansions), acquisitions and dispositions (including net construction closures) and end-of-period operated theatres and screens through December 31, 2018:

The following table provides detail with respect to digital delivery, 3D enabled projection, large screen formats, such as IMAX ® and our proprietary Dolby Cinema™ at AMC, other PLF screens, enhanced food and beverage offerings and our premium seating as deployed throughout our circuit on December 31, 2018:

Our Strategy

We are committed to maintaining a leadership position in the exhibition industry by focusing on forward thinking initiatives for the benefit of our guests. Improving the guest experience remains at our core and is now supported by three strategic elements: (1) Enhance, (2) Engage and (3) Expand. Consistent with our history and culture of innovation, we believe our vision and relentless focus on these three elements, which apply strategic and marketing components to traditional theatrical exhibition, will drive our future success.

We plan to continue investing in our theatres and enhancing the consumer experience to take greater advantage of incremental revenue-generating opportunities, primarily through comfort and convenience innovations, imaginative food and beverage initiatives, and exciting PLF offerings.

Comfort and Convenience Innovations - Recliner seating is the key feature of our theatre renovations. We believe that maximizing comfort and convenience for our customers will be increasingly necessary to maintain and improve our relevance. These renovations, in conjunction with capital contributions from our landlords, involve stripping theatres to their basic structure in order to replace finishes throughout, upgrade the sight and sound experience, installing modernized points of sale and, most importantly, replacing traditional theatre seats with plush, electric recliners that allow customers to deploy a leg rest and fully recline at the push of a button. The quality improvement in the customer experience drives a 30% to 50% increase in attendance, on average, at these locations in their first-year post renovation. Our customers have responded favorably to the significant personal space gains from ample row depths, ability to recline or stretch their legs, extra-wide pillowed chaise and oversized armrests. The reseated theatres attract more midweek audiences than normal theatres and tend to draw more adults who pay higher ticket prices than teens or young children. Upon reopening a remodeled theatre, we typically increase the ticket price to reflect that enhanced consumer experience. Additionally, remodeled theatres tend to draw more adults who pay higher ticket prices than teens or young children, as well as more customers who upgrade their tickets to premium formats.

We plan to continue investing in our theatres and upgrading the consumer experience to take greater advantage of incremental revenue-generating opportunities, primarily through an array of improved and differentiated customer experiences. These experiences include greater engagement and loyalty through world class marketing, a keen focus on the quality of on-screen presentation and programming content, more and faster deployment of comfort and convenience and food and beverage initiatives, all while developing and utilizing new technologies across these platforms for the benefit of our consumers.

We also plan to open new-build theatres, explore profitable acquisitions, and expand through disciplined spot-acquisitions of single theatre locations. We believe new-build construction, spot-acquisitions, and other acquisitive activity offer us additional opportunities to introduce our proven guest focused strategies to new movie-goers and will generate meaningful benefits to guests, associates, studio partners and our shareholders.

As of December 31, 2018, we now feature recliner seating in approximately 345 theatres, including Dine-in-Theatres, totaling approximately 3,279 screens and representing 29.5% of total screens. By the end of 2019, we expect AMC theatres to operate 3,875 screens with recliner seating. Based on feedback from our guests, we believe there is universal appeal for the ample space, comfort and convenience of our powered recliners, and that appeal will translate

into additional attendance in new markets both domestically and in Europe. As such, deploying powered recliners will be an integral strategy in the former Carmike and Odeon circuits going forward as we are targeting approximately 43% of our total screens to be comprised of screens with recliner seating by the end of 2021.

Rebalancing of the new supply-and-demand relationship created by recliner seating presents us two further opportunities to improve customer convenience and maximize operating results: open-source internet ticketing and reserved seating.

Open-source internet ticketing makes AMC’s entire universe of seats (over 1.2 million as of December 31, 2018), for all our show times, as available as possible, on as many websites and mobile applications as possible. Our tickets are currently on sale over the internet, either directly or through mobile apps, at our own website and our mobile app and Fandango ® , Movietickets.com ® , and Atom Tickets. We believe increased online access is important because it captures customers’ purchase intent more immediately and directly than if we wait for their arrival at the theatre box office to make a purchase. Carefully monitoring internet pre-sales also lets us adjust capacity in real time, moving movies that are poised to over perform to larger capacity auditoriums or more additional auditoriums, thereby maximizing yield. During calendar 2018, our internet and mobile ticketing app services sold approximately 67 million tickets for AMC. 

Reserved seating at some of AMC’s locations, allows our customers to choose a specific seat in advance of the movie. We believe that knowing there is a specifically chosen seat waiting for a show that promises to be a sellout is comforting to our customers and compels ticket purchases.

We believe the comfort and personal space gains from recliner seating, coupled with the immediacy of demand captured from open-source internet ticketing and the appeal of reserved seating make a powerful economic combination for us.

Imaginative Food and Beverage Initiatives - Our deployment initiatives also apply to food and beverage enhancements. We have expanded our menu of enhanced food and beverage products to include meals, healthy snacks, premium beers, wine and mixed drinks and other gourmet products. We plan to invest across a spectrum of enhanced food and beverage formats, ranging from simple, less capital‑intensive food and beverage design improvements to the development of new dine‑in theatre options.  We launched the AMC Feature Fare menu in 2017 to over 300 AMC brand locations with an additional 66 planned in 2019. This was the largest menu overall in AMC history.

Our MacGuffins Bar and Lounges (“MacGuffins”) give us an opportunity to engage our over-21 customers. As of December 31, 2018, we offer alcohol in approximately 339 AMC theatres in the U.S. markets. We expect to increase that number to approximately 367 by the end of 2019.  We believe there is ample opportunity to introduce premium beers, wines and liquors throughout the former Carmike and Odeon circuits, and we would like to install our alcohol service in as many theatres globally as we can. We will continue to work with state and local officials in the United States, and the necessary officials in Europe to expand the number of theatres with this appealing amenity. Due to our success in operating MacGuffins, we believe we can leverage our substantial experience when it comes to permitting, installing and commissioning these improvements.

In our reserved seat auditoriums, our innovative services allow for advance online ordering of concession items with an advance ticket order that, in certain theatres, is then delivered to the guest’s seat at a specified time of the guest’s choosing. We currently operate 52 theatres with the pre-order service. We are currently evaluating system compatibility and mobile application functionality to determine timing for deployment in Europe.

The number of guests at domestic AMC theatres who are choosing to purchase a beverage or food item has increased from 64% of our attendance in 2011 to more than 71% in 2018. 

Exciting Premium Large Format Offerings - PLF auditoriums generate our highest customer satisfaction scores, and we believe the investment in premium formats increases the value of the movie-going experience for our guests, ultimately leading to additional ticket revenue. To that end we are committed to investing in and expanding our offerings of the best sight and sound experiences through a combination of our partnerships with IMAX ® and Dolby Cinema™ and the future development of our own proprietary PLF offering.

IMAX ® —IMAX ® is one of the world’s leading entertainment technology companies, specializing in motion picture technologies and presentations.

As of December 31, 2018, legacy AMC was the largest IMAX ® exhibitor in the U.S., with 216 (3D enabled) IMAX ® screens and a 51% market share. Each one of our IMAX ® local installations is protected by geographic exclusivity, and as of December 31, 2018, our IMAX ® screen count was 99% greater than our closest competitor. We also operate 25 IMAX® screens in Europe. We also will continue to expand our IMAX ® relationship into former Carmike, Odeon, and Nordic theatres as we integrate all three of the circuits, further strengthening our position as the largest IMAX ® exhibitor in the U.S. and growth as an IMAX ® distributor in the United Kingdom and Europe.

Dolby Cinema™ at AMC — Dolby Cinema™ at AMC offers a premium cinema offering for movie-goers that combined state‑of‑the‑art image and sound technologies with inspired theatre design and comfort. Dolby Cinema™ at AMC includes Dolby Vision™ laser projection and object‑oriented Dolby Atmos ® audio technology, as well as AMC’s plush power reclining seats with seat transducers that vibrate with the action on screen.

In August 2016, we announced the acceleration of our Dolby Cinema™ at AMC deployment and as of December 31, 2018, we operated 127 Dolby Cinema™ at AMC auditoriums. The legacy AMC circuit expects to have 140 Dolby Cinema™ at AMC auditoriums operational by the end of 2019. We expect to expand deployment of our innovative Dolby Cinema™ at AMC auditoriums into former Carmike, Odeon, and Nordic locations as we integrate all circuits.

Prime at AMC —We continue to add our private label PLF experience to many of our locations, with superior sight and sound technology and enhanced seating as contrasted with our traditional auditoriums. This proprietary PLF auditorium is branded Prime at AMC and offers an enhanced theatrical experience for movie-goers beyond our current core theatres, at a lower price premium than IMAX ® or Dolby Cinema™ at AMC. Therefore, it may be especially relevant in smaller or more price sensitive markets. As of December 31, 2018, we operated 18 Prime at AMC screens.

Marketing - AMC is engaging movie-goers marketing activities to strengthen the bonds with our current guests and create new connections with potential customers that drive both growth and loyalty. AMC Stubs ® is a customer loyalty program which allows members to earn rewards, receive discounts and participate in exclusive members‑only offerings and services. It features both a traditional paid tier called AMC Stubs Premiere™ for a $15 annual membership fee and a non-paid tier called AMC Stubs Insider™. Both programs reward loyal guests for their patronage of AMC theatres. Rewards earned are redeemable on future purchases at AMC locations.

On June 20, 2018, we announced the launch of AMC Stubs ® A-List, a new tier of our AMC Stubs ® loyalty program. This program offers guests admission to movies at AMC up to three times per week including multiple movies per day and repeat visits to already seen movies from $19.95 to $23.95 per month depending upon geographic market. AMC Stubs ® A-List also includes premium offerings including IMAX ® ,  Dolby Cinema™ at AMC, RealD, Prime and BigD. AMC Stubs ® A-List members can book tickets on-line in advance and select specific seats at AMC Theatres with reserved seating.

As of December 31, 2018, we had more than 17,300,000 member households enrolled in AMC Stubs ® A-List, AMC Stubs Premiere™ and AMC Stubs Insider™ programs, combined. Our AMC Stubs ® members represented approximately 35.4% of AMC U.S. markets attendance during the year ended December 31, 2018. We expect the number of member households to continue to increase over the next 24 to 36 months. We believe movie-goers want to be recognized and rewarded for attending our theatres and as a result, our new AMC Stubs ® program is designed to strengthen guest loyalty, attract new guests and drive additional return visits. Our much larger database of identified movie-goers also provides us with additional insight into our customers’ movie preferences, and this enables us to have both a larger and a more targeted marketing effort to support our Hollywood studio partners. We intend to creatively mine this rapidly growing consumer database to increase sales and otherwise boost loyalty to AMC.

Odeon currently has loyalty programs in all the major territories in which it operates. Odeon movie-goers can earn points for spending money at the theatre, and those points can be redeemed for tickets and concession items at a later date. Odeon currently has more than three million active members in these various loyalty programs. We are currently evaluating the Odeon loyalty programs to determine how best to reward our European movie-goers and heighten guest loyalty to drive additional attendance to Odeon theatres.

Our marketing efforts are not limited to our loyalty program as we continue to improve our customer connections through our website and mobile app. We believe our competitive advantage of a robust and easy‑to‑use online and mobile presence combined with an effective loyalty program that provides better market intelligence to anticipate customer’s future behavior should allow us to capture incremental share of both entertainment dollars and time.

Additionally, to align guest expectations and cost structures across the broader U.S. platform comprised of legacy AMC and former Carmike theatres, on March 1, 2017 we announced a differentiated multi-brand strategy. 

During 2017, all Carmike theatres were re-branded to be part of the AMC theatres. Every AMC location now operates under one of the following AMC brands:

Inclusive Programming -  Our core business is the exhibition of wide-release theatrical Hollywood movies, which distributors promote with significant mass market advertising. We complement this offering of broadly popular movies with more specialized content, seeking to ensure we have entertainment appealing to all audience segments.  For example, during the year ended December 31, 2018, AMC theatres exhibited 358 non-English language films which generated approximately $43.0 million of box office revenue.

We believe we are a vital partner for Hollywood studios and for independent distributors because we generate more box office revenue per screen and provide stronger in theatre and online promotional exposure for their movies. To that end, we are committed to working with our studio partners to further innovation, exchange ideas and discover mutually beneficial ways to expand movie-going.

We intend to grow through the deployment of our strategic growth initiatives and will continue exploration of acquisitions. Our acquisition strategy combines discipline and purpose with a strong investment thesis for each transaction that we believe will drive value in the long term.

Disciplined new-build theatres and acquisitions expand the platform, whether domestically or internationally, upon which to further deploy our proven strategic initiatives while further diversifying AMC’s consumer base, leading to greater appeal for more films.

The additional scale achieved through new build theatres and acquisitions also serves to benefit AMC through global procurement savings and increased overhead efficiencies. We believe that expansion offers us additional opportunities to introduce our proven guest focused strategies to new movie-goers and will generate meaningful benefits to guests, associates, studio partners and our shareholders.

We believe significant financial opportunities exist in our current portfolio of theatres both in the United States and in Europe, and we have a substantial pipeline of investments to exploit that offer incremental attendance-generating and revenue-generating prospects. By expanding through new-build development and acquisitions and deploying building-by-building solutions from a proprietary menu of proven, customer-endorsed comfort and convenience,

enhanced food and beverage, and premium sight and sound concepts, we believe we have the formula for continuing growth and success.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe we have the following competitive strengths:

Leading Market Share in Important, Affluent and Diverse Markets —   Across the three biggest metropolitan markets in the United States—New York, Los Angeles and Chicago, representing 20% of the country’s total box office—we hold a 36% combined market share. As of December 31, 2018, we have theatres located in 24 of the top 25 U.S. markets, holding the #1 or #2 position in 21 of those 25 markets based on box office revenue. On any given weekend, nearly one-half of the top ten theatres for the #1 opening movie title in the United States are AMC theatres, according to data provided by Comscore. We are also the #1 theatre operator in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Spain; the #2 operator in Portugal; and the #4 operator in Germany. We believe our strong presence in these top markets makes our theatres highly visible and therefore strategically more important to content providers, who rely on the large audiences and marketing momentum provided by major markets to drive opinion‑making and deliver a movie’s overall box office results.

We have a diversified footprint with complementary global geographic and guest demographic profiles. There are inherent complexities in effectively and efficiently serving them. In some of our more densely populated major metropolitan markets, there is also a scarcity of attractive retail real estate opportunities. Taken together, these factors solidify our market share position. Further, our history and strong presence in these markets have created a greater opportunity to introduce our enhanced customer experience concepts and exhibit a broad array of programming and premium formats, all of which we believe drive higher levels of attendance and higher revenues at our theatres.

Our domestic acquisitions further diversified our footprint with theatres located in complementary suburban and rural markets as well as in geographic areas of the United States like the southeast. Guests from different demographic and geographic profiles have different tastes in movies, and we believe by broadening our geographic base, we can help mitigate the impact of film genre volatility on our box office revenues.

Well Located, Highly Productive Theatres —Our theatres are generally located in the top retail centers across the United States. We believe this provides for long-term visibility and higher productivity and is a key element in the success of our Enhanced Food and Beverage and More Comfort and Convenience initiatives. Our location strategy, combined with our strong major market presence, enable us to deliver industry-leading theatre-level productivity . During the year ended December 31, 2018, six of the ten highest grossing theatres in the United States were AMC theatres, according to data provided by Comscore. During the same period AMC’s U.S. markets average total revenues per theatre was approximately $6.3 million. This per unit productivity is important not only to content providers, but also to developers and landlords, for whom per location and per square foot sales numbers are critical measures. The net effect is a close relationship with the commercial real estate community, which often gives us first‑look and preferred tenant status on emerging opportunities.

AMC Classic theatres are located primarily in smaller, suburban and rural markets, which affects total revenues per theatre. However, in general, theatres located in smaller suburban and rural markets tend to have less competition and a lower cost structure, and we believe when combined with our innovative strategic initiatives that productivity will improve.

Many Odeon theatres share similar characteristics as AMC theatres in that they tend to be located in the top retail centers in major metropolitan markets with higher visibility. We believe that deploying our proven strategic initiatives in these markets will help drive attendance and greatly improve productivity.

The Nordic theatres are in larger and mid-sized cities and towns in affluent Northern Europe as well as in the Baltic region. The theatres are well maintained including some with AMC-like amenities already evident. With a modern, up-to-date circuit and very high market share, the Nordic theatres will require some investment but not nearly the amount expected for the Odeon theatres. Nordic has an ample pipeline of new-build and renovation opportunities already identified, and with some investment in our enhanced food and beverage and premium sight and sound initiatives, we believe there are ample growth opportunities.

Selectively Participating in a Consolidating Industry —Throughout the last two decades, AMC has been an active participant in our industry’s consolidation. We intend to selectively explore acquisitions in the United States and internationally where the characteristics of the location, overall market and facilities further enhance the quality of our theatre portfolio.

Additionally, our focus on improving the customer experience and our strong relationships with landlords and developers have provided opportunities to expand our footprint in existing markets by acquiring competitors’ existing theatres at the end of their lease term at little or no cost. We believe that our More Comfort and Convenience and Enhanced Food and Beverage concepts have high appeal to landlords wanting to increase traffic and sales in their retail centers. These “spot acquisitions” have given us the ability to bolster our presence in existing markets at relatively low cost and more quickly (weeks, months) as compared to new builds (months, years).

Substantial Operating Cash Flow —For the years ended December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, AMC’s net cash provided by operating activities totaled $523.2 million, $537.4 million, and $431.7 million, respectively. We believe that our strategic initiatives, highly productive theatre circuit and continued focus on cost control will enable us to generate sufficient cash flow provided by operating activities to execute our strategy, to grow our revenues, maintain our facilities, service our indebtedness, continue our stock repurchase plan and pay dividends to our stockholders.

Experienced and Dynamic Team —Our senior management team, led by Adam Aron, President and Chief Executive Officer, has the expertise that we believe will be required to transform movie-going from a commodity to a differentiated entertainment experience. Our senior management team has experience operating both domestic and international theatres. A dynamic and balanced team of executives combines long-tenured leaders in operations, real estate and finance who contributed to building AMC’s hard-earned reputation for operations excellence with creative entertainment and restaurant industry executives in marketing, programming and food and beverage who bring to AMC business acumen and experience that support innovation in theatrical exhibition.

With a technology platform in our Theatre Support Center that provides for real-time monitoring of AMC screens across the country and a workplace conducive to collaboration and teamwork, our management team has the organization well aligned with our strategy.

Furthermore, we believe that our people, the nearly 40,200 AMC associates, constitute an essential strength of AMC. They strive to make movie-going experiences at AMC theatres always a treat. We create events and want our customers to always feel special at an AMC theatre.

Key Strategic Shareholder —Our key strategic shareholder, the Dalian Wanda Group Co. (“ Wanda ”), is one of the largest, privately-held conglomerates in China. Wanda is our single largest shareholder with a 50.01% ownership stake as of December 31, 2018. In addition to its core business as a prominent developer and owner of commercial real estate, Wanda also owns related businesses in entertainment, hospitality and retail. Wanda is the largest theatre exhibition operator in China through its controlling ownership interest in Wanda Cinema Line. The combined ownership and scale of AMC and Wanda Cinema Line has enabled us to enhance relationships and obtain better terms from important food and beverage, lighting and theatre supply vendors, and to expand our strategic partnerships with IMAX ® and Dolby ® . When our scale and Wanda’s growth are taken into account, we believe AMC is the most efficient and effective partner a content owner has. Wanda is controlled by its chairman, Mr. Jianlin Wang.

Film Content

Box office admissions are our largest source of revenue. We predominantly license “first-run” films from distributors owned by major film production companies and from independent distributors on a film-by-film and theatre-by-theatre basis. Film exhibition costs are accrued based on the applicable admissions revenues and estimates of the final settlement pursuant to our film licenses. These licenses typically state that rental fees are based on aggregate terms established prior to the opening of the picture. In certain circumstances and less frequently, our rental fees are based on a mutually agreed settlement upon the conclusion of the picture. In some European territories, rental fees are established on a weekly basis for the coming week’s percentage forecast. Some European licenses use a per capita agreement instead, paying a flat amount per ticket, where the sum is agreed in long-term agreements in advance of the film showing. Under an aggregate terms formula, we usually pay the distributor a specified percentage of box office gross or

pay based on a scale of percentages tied to different amounts of box office gross, or in Europe, we pay based on the number of weeks since release. The settlement process allows for negotiation based upon how a film actually performs.

During the 2018 calendar year, films licensed from our seven largest distributors based on revenues accounted for approximately 90% of our U.S. admissions revenues. In Europe, approximately 80% of our box office revenue came from films attributed to our six largest distributors. Our revenues attributable to individual distributors may vary significantly from year to year depending upon the commercial success of each distributor’s films in any given year.

Our revenues are dependent upon the timing and popularity of film releases by distributors. The most marketable films are usually released during the summer and the calendar year-end holiday seasons. Therefore, our business is highly seasonal, with higher attendance and revenues generally occurring during the summer months and holiday seasons. Our results of operations may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year.

Food and beverage

Food and beverage sales are our second largest source of revenue after box office admissions. Food and beverage items traditionally include popcorn, soft drinks, candy and hot dogs. Different varieties of food and beverage items are offered at our theatres based on preferences in the particular geographic region. Our traditional food and beverage strategy emphasizes prominent and appealing food and beverage offerings designed for rapid service and efficiency, including a customer friendly self-serve experience. We design our theatres to have more food and beverage capacity to make it easier to serve larger numbers of customers. Strategic placement of large food and beverage operations within theatres increases their visibility, aids in reducing the length of lines, allows flexibility to introduce new concepts and improves traffic flow around the food and beverage stands.

To address recent consumer trends, we have expanded our menu of enhanced food and beverage products to include made-to-order drinks and meals, customized coffee, healthy snacks, premium beers, wine and mixed drinks and other gourmet products. We plan to continue investment across a spectrum of enhanced food and beverage formats, ranging from simple, less capital-intensive food and beverage design improvements to the development of new dine-in theatre options. The costs of these conversions in some cases are partially covered by investments from the theatre landlord. We currently operate 29 Dine-In Theatres that deliver chef-inspired menus with seat-side or delivery service to luxury recliners with tables. Our recent Dine-In Theatre concepts are designed to capitalize on the latest food service trend, the fast casual eating experience.

Employees

As of December 31, 2018, we employed 4,408 full-time and 35,754 part-time employees. We consider our employee relations to be good.

Theatrical Exhibition Industry and Competition

U.S. Markets

Movie-going is embedded in the American social fabric. For over 100 years people young and old, of all races and socio-economic levels, have enjoyed the entertainment that motion pictures offer.

In the United States, the movie exhibition business is large, stable and mature. While in any given calendar quarter the quantity and quality of movies can drive volatile results, box office revenues have generally advanced from 2009 to 2018.  The industry’s best year ever, in terms of revenues, was 2018, with box office revenues of approximately $11.9 billion, an increase of approximately 6.9% from 2017 with 1.3 billion admissions in the U.S. and Canada.

The movie exhibition business has survived the booms and busts of economic cycles and has adapted to myriad changes in technology and customer behavior. There is great value for the entertainment dollar in movie-going, and no replacement has been invented for the escape and fun that a night at the movies represents.

After decades of economic models driven by quantity (number of theatres, screens and seats), we believe it is the quality of the movie-going experience that will define future success. Whether through enhanced food and beverage options (Food and Beverage Kiosks, Marketplaces, Coke Freestyle ® , MacGuffins or Dine-in Theatres), more comfort and convenience (recliner seating, open-source internet ticketing, reserved seating), engagement and loyalty (AMC

Stubs ® , open-source internet ticketing, mobile apps, social media) or sight and sound (digital projectors, 3D, Dolby Cinema™ at AMC, other PLF screens or IMAX ® ), it is the ease of use and the amenities that these innovations bring to customers that we believe will drive sustained profitability in the years ahead.

The following table represents information about the U.S./Canada exhibition industry obtained from the National Association of Theatre Owners (“NATO”) and Box Office Mojo:

Based on information obtained from Comscore, we believe that the four largest exhibitors, in terms of U.S./Canada box office revenue (Regal Entertainment Group, AMC, Cinemark Holdings, Inc. and Cineplex Inc.) generated approximately 64% of the box office revenues in 2018. This statistic is up from 35% in 2000 and is evidence that the theatrical exhibition business in the U.S. / Canada has been consolidating.

International Markets

Movie-going is a popular leisure activity with high penetration across Odeon’s and Nordic’s key geographies. Theatre appeal has proven resilient to competition for consumers’ leisure spending and to recessionary periods and we believe we will continue to benefit from increased spending across international markets. The European market lags the U.S. market across a number of factors, including annual spend per customer, number of IMAX ® screens and screens per capita that cause us to believe that the deployment of our customer initiatives will be successful in these markets. On the other hand, our European markets are more densely populated and operate with fewer screens per one million of population, making the screens we acquired more valuable.

Additionally, international markets have become increasingly important. The percentage of total box office revenues attributable to International markets increased from 69% in 2012 to 73% in 2017. U.S. films generate the majority of the box office in Europe, but movie-goers in specific geographies welcome locally produced films with local actors and familiar story lines which can mitigate film genre attendance fluctuations. Going forward, we believe we will see positive growth in theatre attendance as we deploy our proven guest centered innovations like recliner seating, enhanced food and beverage offerings and premium large format experiences.

Our theatres are subject to varying degrees of competition in the geographic areas in which they operate. Competition is often intense with respect to attracting patrons, licensing motion pictures and finding new theatre sites. Where real estate is readily available, it is easier to open a theatre near one of our theatres, which may adversely affect operations at our theatre. However, in certain of our densely populated major metropolitan markets, we believe a scarcity of attractive retail real estate opportunities enhances the strategic value of our existing theatres. We also believe the complexity inherent in operating in these major metropolitan markets is a deterrent to other less sophisticated competitors, protecting our market share position.

The theatrical exhibition industry faces competition from other forms of out-of-home entertainment, such as concerts, amusement parks and sporting events, and from other distribution channels for filmed entertainment, such as cable television, pay-per-view, video streaming services, and home video systems, as well as from all other forms of entertainment.

Movie-going is a compelling consumer out-of-home entertainment experience. Movie theatres currently garner a relatively small share of overall consumer entertainment time and spend, leaving significant room for further expansion and growth in the United States and internationally. In addition, our industry benefits from available capacity to satisfy additional consumer demand without capital investment.

Regulatory Environment

The distribution of motion pictures is, in large part, regulated by federal and state antitrust laws and has been the subject of numerous antitrust cases. The consent decrees, resulting from one of those cases to which we were not a party, have a material impact on the industry and us. Those consent decrees bind certain major motion picture distributors and require the motion pictures of such distributors to be offered and licensed to exhibitors, including us, on a film-by-film and theatre-by-theatre basis. Consequently, we cannot assure ourselves of a supply of motion pictures by entering into long-term arrangements with major distributors, but must compete for our licenses on a film-by-film and theatre-by-theatre basis.

Our theatres in the United States must comply with Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA. Compliance with the ADA requires that public accommodations, including websites and mobile apps for such accommodations, “reasonably accommodate” individuals with disabilities and that new construction or alterations made to “commercial facilities” conform to accessibility guidelines unless “structurally impracticable” for new construction or technically infeasible for alterations. Non-compliance with the ADA could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, fines, and awards of damages to private litigants or additional capital expenditures to remedy such noncompliance. As an employer covered by the ADA, we must make reasonable accommodations to the limitations of employees and qualified applicants with disabilities, provided that such reasonable accommodations do not pose an undue hardship on the operation of our business. In addition, many of our employees are covered by various government employment regulations, including minimum wage, overtime and working conditions regulations. In Europe, all territories have similar national regulations relating to disabilities.

Our operations also are subject to federal, state and local laws regulating such matters as construction, renovation and operation of theatres as well as wages and working conditions, citizenship, health and sanitation requirements and licensing. We believe our theatres are in material compliance with such requirements.

We own and operate theatres and other properties that operate in the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Germany, Portugal, Ireland, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Denmark, which are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations. Certain of these laws and regulations, including those relating to environmental protection, may impose joint and several liability on certain statutory classes of persons for the costs of investigation or remediation of contamination, regardless of fault or the legality of original disposal. We believe our theatres are in material compliance with such requirements.

Other Acquisitions, Dispositions, Financings and Developments

Other Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we entered into a Stock Issuance and Restrictions Agreement with RealD Holdings Inc. (“RealD”). The new agreement replaces a similar agreement with RealD for the lease of RealD 3D systems where rental payments continue to be variable and based on paid admissions and extends the term of the agreement to December 31, 2024. The investments are recorded at cost following the measurement alternative as there is no established market for the securities and we do not have significant influence over these entities.

In September 2017, we acquired $5.0 million in Dreamscape and $5.0 million in Central Services Studios, Inc. as part of our virtual reality technologies strategy. During January 2018, we invested an additional $5.0 million in Dreamscape and $5.0 million in Central Services Studios. We do not have significant influence over these entities and will follow the cost method of accounting.

Other Dispositions

On June 18, 2018, we entered into two Unit Purchase Agreements (the “Agreements”) with each of Regal and Cinemark pursuant to which Regal and Cinemark each separately agreed to purchase 10,738,740 common units of NCM

at a sales price of $7.30 per unit and aggregate consideration of approximately $156.8 million (the “Sales”). The Sales closed on July 5, 2018. Following the closing of the Sales, we no longer owned any shares of common stock in NCM, Inc. or common units in NCM. NCM consented to the Sales and waived its rights under the memorandum of understanding that provided AMC would not reduce its combined ownership of NCM and NCM, Inc. below 4.5%. We recorded a $28.9 million gain on the sale of its NCM investment during the year ended December 31, 2018.

On August 4, 2017, AMC and Regal Entertainment Group consummated a transaction for the sale of all the issued and outstanding ownership interests in Open Road Releasing, LLC (“Open Road”) for total proceeds of $28.8 million of which we received $14.0 million in net proceeds after transaction expenses for our 50% investment and for collection of amounts due from Open Road and recognized a gain on sale of $17.2 million.

In the second quarter of 2017 and in the fourth quarter of 2016, in connection with the Carmike acquisition, we divested 17 theatres as required by the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice. See Part I – Recent Developments for further information.

Debt Financing of Acquisitions

On March 17, 2017, we completed an offering of $475.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Senior Subordinated Notes due 2027 (the “Notes due 2027”). We capitalized deferred financing costs of approximately $19.8 million, related to the issuance of the Notes due 2027. The Notes due 2027 mature on May 15, 2027. We will pay interest on the Notes due 2027 at 6.125% per annum, semi-annually in arrears on May 15th and November 15th, commencing on November 15, 2017. We used the net proceeds from the Notes due 2027 private offering, together with a portion of the net proceeds from the Sterling Notes due 2024 (see below) to pay a portion of the consideration for the acquisition of Nordic plus related transaction fees and expenses.

On March 17, 2017, we completed an offering of £250.0 million additional aggregate principal amount of our Sterling Notes due 2024 and an offering of £250.0 million additional aggregate principal amount of our Sterling Notes due 2024. We used the net proceeds to pay a portion of the consideration for the acquisition of Nordic plus related transaction fees and expenses.

On December 21, 2016, in connection with the Carmike acquisition, we incurred $350.0 million of bridge loans (the “Bridge Loans”) under a Bridge Loan Agreement, dated as of December 21, 2016 (the “Bridge Loan Agreement”). We repaid the Bridge Loans on February 13, 2017, with a portion of the net proceeds from our additional public offering.

On November 8, 2016, in connection with the Carmike and Odeon acquisitions, we issued $595.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.875% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2026 and £250.0 million ($310.0 million) of our 6.375% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024. On November 29, 2016, in connection with the Odeon acquisition, we borrowed $500.0 million of incremental term loans under our Credit Agreement, dated as of April 30, 2013 as amended.

See the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Item 7 of Part II hereof for further information and Note 8 – Corporate Borrowings and Capital and Financing Lease Obligations in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8, hereof for further information.

Seasonality

Our revenues are dependent upon the timing of motion picture releases by distributors. The most marketable motion pictures are usually released during the summer and the year-end holiday seasons. Therefore, our business is highly seasonal, with higher attendance and revenues generally occurring during the summer months and holiday seasons. Our results of operations may vary significantly from quarter to quarter.

Available Information

We make available free of charge on our website (www.amctheatres.com) under “Investor Relations” / Financial Performance”/ “SEC Filings,” annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy materials on Schedule 14A and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The contents of our

Internet website are not incorporated into this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information about the Company.

All our current executive officers hold their offices at the pleasure of our board of directors, subject to rights under their respective employment agreements in some cases. There are no family relationships between or among any executive officers, except that Messrs. John D. McDonald and Mark A. McDonald are brothers.

Mr. Adam Aron has served as Chief Executive Officer, President and Director of the Company since January 2016. From February 2015 to December 2015, Mr. Aron was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. Since 2006, Mr. Aron has served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of World Leisure Partners, Inc. a personal consultancy for matters related to travel and tourism, high-end real estate development, and professional sports, that he founded. Mr. Aron served as Chief Executive Officer and Co-Owner of the Philadelphia 76ers from 2011 to 2013, and remains a co-owner currently. From 2006 to 2015, Mr. Aron served as Senior Operating Partner of Apollo Management L.P. Mr. Aron currently serves on the board of directors of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings, Ltd. and the Philadelphia 76ers. Mr. Aron served on the board of directors of Prestige Cruise Holdings Inc. from 2007 to 2014. Mr. Aron received a Master’s of Business Administration degree with distinction from the Harvard Business School and a bachelor of arts degree cum laude from Harvard College.

Mr. Craig R. Ramsey has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of AMC since April 2002. Mr. Ramsey served as Interim Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company from August 7, 2015 until January 4, 2016. Mr. Ramsey served as Secretary of the Company from April 2002 until April 2003. Mr. Ramsey served as Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer from August 1998 until May 2002. Mr. Ramsey served as Vice President, Finance from January 1997 to August 1998, and prior thereto, Mr. Ramsey had served as Director of Information Systems and Director of Financial Reporting since joining AMC in February 1995. Mr. Ramsey has over 30 years of experience in finance in public and private companies. Mr. Ramsey holds a B.S. degree in Accounting and Business Administration from the University of Kansas.

Mr. John D. McDonald has served as Executive Vice President, U.S. Operations of AMC since July 2009. Prior to July 2009, Mr. McDonald served as Executive Vice President, U.S. and Canada Operations effective October 1998. Mr. McDonald served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Operations from November 1995 to October 1998. Mr. McDonald is a member of the National Association of Theatre Owners Advisory board of directors, Chairman of the Technology Committee for the National Association of Theatre Owners, and member of the board of directors for DCIP. Mr. McDonald has successfully managed the integration for the Gulf States, General Cinema, Loews, and Kerasotes mergers and acquisitions. Mr. McDonald attended California State Polytechnic University where he studied economics and history.

Ms. Elizabeth Frank has served as Executive Vice President, Worldwide Programming and Chief Content Officer for AMC since July 2012. Between August 2010 and July 2012, Ms. Frank served as Senior Vice President, Strategy and Strategic Partnerships. From 2006 to 2010, Ms. Frank served as Senior Vice President of Global Programs for AmeriCares. From 2003 to 2006, Ms. Frank served as Vice President of Corporate Strategic Planning for Time Warner Inc. Prior to Time Warner Inc., Ms. Frank was a partner at McKinsey & Company for nine years. Ms. Frank

holds a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from Lehigh University and a Masters of Business Administration from Harvard University.

Mr. Mark A. McDonald has served as Executive Vice President, Global Development of AMC since July 2009. Prior thereto, Mr. McDonald served as Executive Vice President, International Operations from December 1998 to July 2009. Prior thereto, Mr. McDonald had served as Senior Vice President, Asia Operations since November 1995. Mr. McDonald holds a B.A. degree from the University of Southern California and a M.B.A. from the Anderson School at University of California Los Angeles.

Mr. Stephen A. Colanero has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer of AMC since December 2009. Prior to joining AMC, Mr. Colanero served as Vice President of Marketing for RadioShack Corporation from April 2008 to December 2009. Mr. Colanero also served as Senior Vice President of Retail Marketing for Washington Mutual Inc. from February 2006 to August 2007 and as Senior Vice President, Strategic Marketing for Blockbuster Inc. from November 1994 to January 2006. Mr. Colanero holds a B.S. degree in Accounting from Villanova University and a M.B.A. in Marketing and Strategic Management from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.

Mr. Kevin M. Connor has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of AMC since April 2003. Prior to April 2003, Mr. Connor served as Senior Vice President, Legal beginning November 2002. Prior thereto, Mr. Connor was in private practice in Kansas City, Missouri as a partner with the firm Seigfreid Bingham, P.C. from October 1995. Mr. Connor holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and History from Vanderbilt University, a Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Kansas School of Law and LLM in Taxation from the University of Missouri-Kansas City.

Mr. Chris A. Cox has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of AMC since June 2010. Prior thereto Mr. Cox served as Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer since May 2002. Prior to May 2002, Mr. Cox had served as Vice President and Controller since November 2000. Previously, Mr. Cox had served as Director of Corporate Accounting for the Dial Corporation from December 1999 until November 2000. Mr. Cox holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in degree Accounting and Finance from the University of Iowa.

Ms. Carla C. Chavarria has served as Senior Vice President, Human Resources of AMC since January 2014. Ms. Chavarria served as Vice President, Human Resources Services from September 2006 to January 2014. Prior thereto, Ms. Chavarria served as Vice President, Recruitment and Development from April 2005 to September 2006. Ms. Chavarria’ prior experience includes human resources manager and director of employment practices. Ms. Chavarria began her career at AMC in 1988 as a theatre manager in Philadelphia. Ms. Chavarria serves as co-chair for the AMC Cares Invitational and is a member of the AMC Investment Committee. She is formerly a board member for the Quality Hill Playhouse and Big Brothers Big Sisters of Kansas City. She currently serves on the boards of the Kansas City Zoo, Negro League Baseball Museum and is the chair of Win Win. Ms. Chavarria has over 20 years of human resources experience. Ms. Chavarria holds a B.S. from The Pennsylvania State University.

certain promotional pricing also may affect performance and increase the cost to license motion pictures relative to revenue for admission. In addition, a change in the type and breadth of movies offered by motion picture studios may adversely affect the demographic base of movie-goers.

Except to the extent that we own some film distribution rights in a small number of European territories, we have no control over distributors of the films and our business may be adversely affected if our access to motion pictures is limited or delayed.  

We rely on distributors of motion pictures, over whom we have no control, for the films that we exhibit. Major motion picture distributors are required by law to offer and license film to exhibitors, including us, on a film-by-film and theatre-by-theatre basis. Consequently, we cannot assure ourselves of a supply of motion pictures by entering into long‑term arrangements with major distributors, but must compete for our licenses on a film-by-film and theatre-by-theatre basis. Our business depends on maintaining good relations with these distributors, as this affects our ability to negotiate commercially favorable licensing terms for first-run films or to obtain licenses at all. With only seven distributors representing approximately 90% of the U.S. box office in 2018, there is a high level of concentration in the industry. Our business may be adversely affected if our access to motion pictures is limited or delayed because of deterioration in our relationships with one or more distributors or for some other reason. To the extent that we are unable to license a popular film for exhibition in our theatres, our operating results may be adversely affected.

Our substantial debt could adversely affect our operations and prevent us from satisfying those debt obligations.

We have a significant amount of debt. As of December 31, 2018, we had outstanding approximately $5,283.3 million of indebtedness ($5,428.1 million face amount), which consisted of $1,326.3 million under our Senior Secured Credit Facility ($1,345.4 million face amount), $524.3 million of our existing Convertible Notes due 2024 ($600.0 million face amount), $2,620.5 million of our existing subordinated notes ($2,679.1 million face amount), $238.7 million of the 6.0% Senior Secured Notes due 2023  ($230.0 million face amount), a $1.3 million ($1.3 million face amount) promissory note, and $560.3 million of existing capital and financing lease obligations. As of December 31, 2018, we had $211.2 million available for borrowing under our Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility and £73.9 million ($93.7 million) available for borrowing under our Odeon Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2018, we also had approximately $6.9 billion of undiscounted rental payments under operating leases (with initial base terms generally between 15 to 20 years). The amount of our indebtedness and lease and other financial obligations could have important consequences to our stockholders. For example, it could:

If we fail to make any required payment under our Senior Secured Credit Facility or the indentures governing our notes or to comply with any of the financial and operating covenants contained therein, we would be in default. Lenders under our Senior Secured Credit Facility or holders of our notes, as applicable, could then decide to accelerate the maturity of the indebtedness under the Senior Secured Credit Facility or the indentures and in the case of the Senior Credit Facility, foreclose upon the stock and personal property of our subsidiaries that is pledged to secure the Senior Secured Credit Facility. Other creditors might then accelerate other indebtedness. If the lenders under the Senior Secured Credit Facility or holders of our notes accelerate the maturity of the indebtedness thereunder, we might not have sufficient assets to satisfy our obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, the indentures, or our other indebtedness. Our indebtedness under our Senior Secured Credit Facility bears interest at rates that fluctuate with changes in certain prevailing interest rates (although, subject to certain conditions, such rates may be fixed for certain

periods). If interest rates increase, we may be unable to meet our debt service obligations under our Senior Secured Credit Facility and other indebtedness.

The agreements governing our indebtedness contain covenants that may limit our ability to take advantage of certain business opportunities advantageous to us.

The agreements governing our indebtedness contain various covenants that limit our ability to, among other things:

These restrictions could limit our ability to obtain future financing, make acquisitions, fund needed capital expenditures, withstand economic downturns in our business or the economy in general, conduct operations or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities that may arise.

At the same time, the covenants in the instruments governing our indebtedness may not provide investors with protections against transactions they may deem undesirable. Although the indentures governing our notes contain a fixed charge coverage test that limits our ability to incur indebtedness, this limitation is subject to a number of significant exceptions and qualifications. Moreover, the indentures do not impose any limitation on our incurrence of lease obligations or liabilities that are not considered “Indebtedness” under the indentures (such as operating leases), nor do they impose any limitation on the amount of liabilities incurred by subsidiaries, if any, that might be designated as “unrestricted subsidiaries,” which are subsidiaries that we designate, that are not subject to the restrictive covenants contained in the indentures governing our indebtedness.

Furthermore, there are no restrictions in the indentures on our ability to invest in other entities (including unaffiliated entities) and no restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to enter into agreements restricting their ability to pay dividends or otherwise transfer funds to us. Also, although the indentures limit our ability to make dividends and other restricted payments, these restrictions are subject to significant exceptions and qualifications.

If our cash flows prove inadequate to service our debt and provide for our other obligations, we may be required to refinance all or a portion of our existing debt or future debt at terms unfavorable to us.

Our ability to make payments on and refinance our debt and other financial obligations and to fund our capital expenditures and acquisitions will depend on our ability to generate substantial operating cash flow. This will depend on our future performance, which will be subject to prevailing economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors beyond our control.

In addition, our debt obligations require us to repay or refinance our obligations when they come due. If our cash flows were to prove inadequate to meet our debt service, rental and other obligations in the future, we may be required to refinance all or a portion of our existing or future debt, on or before maturity, to sell assets or to obtain additional financing. We cannot give assurance that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, including our Senior Secured Credit Facility and our notes, sell any such assets, or obtain additional financing on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

The terms of the agreements governing our indebtedness restrict, but do not prohibit us from incurring additional indebtedness. If we are in compliance with the financial covenants set forth in the Senior Secured Credit

Facility and our other outstanding debt instruments, we may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness. If we incur additional indebtedness, the related risks that we face may intensify.

Limitations on the availability of capital may prevent deployment of strategic initiatives.

Implementation of our key strategic initiatives, including recliner seating, enhanced food and beverage and premium sight and sound, require significant capital expenditures. Our gross capital expenditures were approximately $576.3 million, $628.8 million and $421.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and, December 31, 2016, respectively.   We estimate that our net cash outflows for capital expenditures will be approximately $450.0 million for the year ending December 31, 2019.  The lack of available capital resources due to business performance or other financial commitments could prevent or delay the deployment of innovations in our theatres. We may have to seek additional financing or issue additional securities to fully implement our growth strategy. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain new financing on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, covenants under our existing indebtedness limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, and the performance of any additional or improved theatres may not be sufficient to service the related indebtedness that we are permitted to incur.

We are subject, at times, to intense competition.

Our theatres are subject to varying degrees of competition in the geographic areas in which we operate. Competitors may be multi‑national circuits, national circuits, regional circuits or smaller independent exhibitors. Competition among theatre exhibition companies is often intense with respect to the following factors:

The theatrical exhibition industry also faces competition from other forms of out-of-home entertainment, such as concerts, amusement parks and sporting events and from other distribution channels for filmed entertainment, such as cable television, pay-per-view, video streaming, and home video systems and from other forms of in-home entertainment.

An increase in the use of alternative film delivery methods or other forms of entertainment may drive down our attendance and limit our ticket prices.

We compete with other film delivery methods, including network, syndicated cable and satellite television and DVDs, as well as video-on-demand, pay-per-view services, video streaming and downloads via the Internet. We also compete for the public’s leisure time and disposable income with other forms of entertainment, including sporting events, amusement parks, live music concerts, live theatre and restaurants. An increase in the popularity of these alternative film delivery methods and other forms of entertainment could reduce attendance at our theatres, limit the prices we can charge for admission and materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our results of operations may be impacted by shrinking theatrical exclusive release windows.

Over the last decade, the average theatrical exclusive release window, which represents the time that elapses from the date of a film’s theatrical release to the date a film is available to consumers in-home, has decreased from approximately six months to approximately three to four months. If patrons choose to wait for in-home viewing options rather than attend a theatre for viewing the film, it may adversely impact our business and results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. We cannot give assurance that this release window, which is determined by the film studios, will not shrink further or be eliminated altogether, which could have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

Our business is subject to international economic, political and other risks that could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

As a result of the Odeon and Nordic Acquisitions, 26.5% of our revenues were derived from countries outside the United States for the year ended December 31, 2018. The success of our acquisitions of Odeon and Nordic is dependent upon our ability to operate a business in markets where we have limited experience and is subject to risks that are beyond our control. Accordingly, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally, including:

If we are unable to manage the complexity of our global operations successfully, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The decision by British voters to exit the European Union may negatively impact our operations.

The U.K. is currently negotiating the terms of its exit from the European Union (“Brexit”) scheduled for March 29, 2019. In November 2018, the U.K. and the European Union agreed upon a draft Withdrawal Agreement that sets out the terms of the U.K.’s departure, including commitments on citizen rights after Brexit, a financial settlement from the U.K., and a transition period from March 29, 2019 through December 31, 2020 to allow time for a future trade deal to be agreed. On January 15, 2019, the draft Withdrawal Agreement was rejected by the U.K. Parliament creating significant uncertainty about the terms (and timing) under which the U.K. will leave the European Union. The U.K. Parliament voted on February 14, 2019 to reject the government’s Brexit negotiating strategy, increasing the likelihood of a no-deal Brexit.

Current uncertainty over whether the U.K. will ultimately leave the EU, as well as the final outcome of the negotiations between the U.K. and the EU, could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results. The long-term effects of Brexit will depend on the terms negotiated between the U.K. and the EU, which may take years to complete and may include, among other things, greater restrictions on imports and exports between the U.K. and EU countries, a fluctuation in currency exchange rates and additional regulatory complexity. Additional currency volatility could drive a weaker British pound, which increases the cost of goods imported into our U.K. operations and may decrease the profitability of our U.K. operations. A weaker British pound versus the U.S. dollar also causes local currency results of our U.K. operations to be translated into fewer U.S. dollars during a reporting period and currency volatility makes this translation less predictable.  Our operations in the U.K. and Europe, as well as our United States operations, could be impacted by the global economic uncertainty caused by Brexit or the actual withdrawal by the U.K. from the EU. If we are unable to manage any of these risks effectively, our business could be adversely affected. With a range of outcomes still possible, the impact from Brexit remains uncertain and will depend, in part, on the final outcome of tariff, trade, regulatory and other negotiations.

We may not achieve the expected benefits and performance from our recent acquisitions.

As a result of our recent acquisitions of Carmike, Odeon, and Nordic, we expect to achieve certain synergies and cost savings through, for example, reducing general and administrative expenses by combining operating functions such as accounting, finance and technology, achieving purchasing efficiencies and achieving revenue enhancements resulting from the acquisitions. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow from these acquisitions to service the indebtedness incurred to finance such acquisitions or realize any other anticipated

benefits. Nor can there be any assurance that our profitability will be improved by these or any future acquisitions. Although we have a long history of successfully integrating acquisitions, any acquisition involves risks, such as:

Optimizing our theatre circuit through new construction and the transformation of our existing theatres may be subject to delay and unanticipated costs.

The availability of attractive site locations for new construction is subject to various factors that are beyond our control. These factors include:

We typically require 18 to 24 months in the United States from the time we reach an agreement with a landlord to when a theatre opens. This timeframe may vary as we introduce this concept in international markets.

In addition, the improvement of our existing theatres through our enhanced food and beverage and recliner seating and premium sight and sound initiatives is subject to substantial risks, such as difficulty in obtaining permits, landlord approvals and operating licenses (e.g. liquor licenses). We may also experience cost overruns from delays or other unanticipated costs in both new construction and facility improvements. Furthermore, our new sites and transformed locations may not perform to our expectations.

We rely on our information systems to conduct our business, and any failure to protect these systems against security breaches or failure of these systems themselves could adversely affect our business, results of operations and liquidity and could result in litigation and penalties. Additionally, if these systems fail or become unavailable for any significant period of time, our business could be harmed.

The efficient operation of our business is dependent on computer hardware and software systems. Among other things, these systems collect and store certain personal information from customers, vendors and employees and process customer payment information. Additionally, open-source internet ticketing allows tickets for all of our theatres to be sold by various third-party vendors on websites using information systems we do not control. Our information systems and those maintained by our third-party vendors and the sensitive data they are designed to protect are vulnerable to security breaches by computer hackers, cyber terrorists and other cyber attackers. We rely on industry-accepted security

measures and technology to securely maintain confidential and proprietary information maintained on our information systems, and we rely on our third-party vendors to take appropriate measures to protect the confidentiality of the information on those information systems. However, these measures and technology may not adequately prevent security breaches. Our information systems may become unavailable or fail to perform as anticipated for any reason, including viruses, loss of power or human error. Any significant interruption or failure of our information systems or those maintained by our third-party vendors or any significant breach of security could adversely affect our reputation with our customers, vendors and employees and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and liquidity and could result in litigation against us or the imposition of penalties. A significant interruption, failure or breach of the security of our information systems or those of our third-party vendors could also require us to expend significant resources to upgrade the security measures and technology that guard sensitive data against computer hackers, cyber terrorists and other cyber attackers. We maintain cyber risk insurance coverage to protect against such risks, however, there can be no assurance that such coverage will be adequate.

We may incur future impairment charges to goodwill or long-lived assets and future theatre and other closure charges.  

We review long‑lived assets, including goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and other intangible assets, marketable securities and non‑consolidated entities for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. The review for goodwill compares the fair value for each of our reporting units to its associated carrying value, including goodwill. Factors that could lead to impairment of goodwill and intangible assets include adverse industry or economic trends, reduced estimates of future cash flows, and declines in the market price of our common stock. Our valuation methodology for assessing impairment requires management to make judgments and assumptions based on historical experience and projections of future operating performance. We may be required to record future charges to earnings during the period in which an impairment of goodwill or intangible assets is determined to exist. During the years ended December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, we recorded impairment charges  which were related to property, net of $13.8 million, $43.6 million, and $5.5 million, respectively. During 2018, we impaired 13 theatres in the U.S. markets with 150 screens (in Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Georgia, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Wyoming) and we impaired 15 theatres in the International markets with 118 screens (in Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom).

We have a significant amount of goodwill on our balance sheet as a result of acquisitions. As of December 31, 2018, goodwill recorded on our consolidated balance sheet totaled $4,788.7 million.  We performed our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2018. Based on the results of these tests, we determined that the goodwill recorded on our consolidated balance sheet was not impaired. However, if the market price of our common stock further declines from current levels, or if other events or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our reporting units below their respective carrying value, all or a portion of our goodwill may be impaired in future periods. Examples of such adverse events or circumstances that could change include (i) an adverse change in macroeconomic conditions; (ii) increased cost factors that have a negative effect on our earnings and cash flows; (iii) negative or overall declining financial performance compared with our actual and projected results of relevant prior periods; and (iv) a sustained decrease in our share price. Any impairment charges that we may take in the future could be material to our results of operations and financial condition and could adversely affect our stock price.

The opening of new theatres by us and certain of our competitors has drawn audiences away from some of our older theatres. In addition, demographic changes and competitive pressures have caused some of our theatres to become unprofitable. Since not all theatres are appropriate for our new initiatives, we may have to close certain theatres or recognize impairment losses related to the decrease in value of particular theatres. Deterioration in the performance of our theatres could require us to recognize additional impairment losses and close additional theatres, which could have an adverse effect on the results of our operations. We continually monitor the performance of our theatres, and factors such as changing consumer preferences and our inability to sublease vacant retail space could negatively impact operating results and result in future closures, sales, dispositions and significant theatre and other closure charges prior to expiration of underlying lease agreements.

We may be limited in our ability to utilize, or may not be able to utilize, net operating loss carryforwards to reduce our future tax liability.

As of December 31, 2018, we had an estimated federal income tax loss carryforward of $212.8 million and estimated state income tax loss carryforward of $243.5 million which will be limited annually due to certain change in ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (“IRC”), Section 382. The federal tax loss carryforwards prior to January 1, 2019 will begin to expire in 2019 and will completely expire in 2036. Any federal tax loss carryforwards generated after January 1, 2018 will be available to be used indefinitely. Our state loss carryforwards may be used over various periods ranging from 1 to 20 years. As of December 31, 2018, we had estimated foreign income tax loss carryforwards of $652.6 million. Our foreign tax loss carryforwards are available to be used indefinitely, except approximately $6.8 million which will expire in various periods ranging from 1 to 20 years. The tax loss carryforwards are reflected in our balance sheet as an asset valued at our current effective rate and reduced by the valuation allowance.

We have experienced numerous “ownership changes” within the meaning of Section 382(g) of the IRC, including our merger with Wanda. These ownership changes have and will continue to subject our tax loss carryforwards to annual limitations which will restrict our ability to use them to offset our taxable income in periods following the ownership changes. In general, the annual use limitation equals the aggregate value of our equity at the time of the ownership change multiplied by a specified tax‑exempt interest rate. Carmike also has experienced numerous “ownership changes” within the meaning of Section 382(g). These ownership changes have and will continue to subject losses acquired with the transaction to annual limitations which will restrict our ability to use them to offset our taxable income in periods following the ownership changes.

We are subject to complex taxation, changes in tax rates, adoption of new United States or international tax legislation and disagreements with tax authorities that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We are subject to many different forms of taxation in both the United States and in foreign jurisdictions where we operate. Current economic and political conditions, including Brexit, make tax rates and policy in any jurisdiction, including the U.S., U.K. and E.U., subject to significant change. Recent examples include the Organization for Economic Co‑operation and Development’s (“OECD”) recommendations on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (“BEPS”), the European Commission’s Anti‑Tax Avoidance Package, and the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act signed into law in December 2017. The costs of compliance with these laws and regulations are high and are likely to increase in the future. Any failure on our part to comply with these laws and regulations can result in negative publicity and diversion of management time and effort and may subject us to significant liabilities and other penalties.

The value of our deferred tax assets may not be realizable to the extent our future profits are less than we have projected and we may be required to record valuation allowances against previously-recorded deferred tax assets, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our financial condition.

Our income tax expense includes deferred income taxes arising from changes in temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, credit carry-forwards and net operating losses. We evaluate the realizability of our deferred income tax assets and assess the need for a valuation allowance on an ongoing basis. In evaluating our deferred income tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that the deferred income tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of our deferred income tax assets depends upon generating sufficient future taxable income during the periods in which our temporary differences become deductible and before our credit carry-forwards and net operating losses expire. Our assessment of the realizability of our deferred income tax assets requires significant judgment. If we fail to achieve our projections or if we need to lower our projections, we may not have sufficient evidence of our ability to realize our deferred tax assets, and we may need to increase our valuation allowance.  Our U.S. cumulative pretax losses have raised uncertainty about the likelihood of realizing our deferred tax assets, along with the change in U.S. Federal enacted tax rates, and as a result we have recorded a valuation allowance against all of the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, except those deemed indefinite-lived for the year ended December 31, 2017.  For the year ended December 31, 2018, our cumulative pretax losses continue to raise uncertainty about the likelihood of realizing our deferred tax assets. A valuation adjustment to our income tax provision of approximately $39.0 million in our U.S. markets was recorded during 2018. For our U.S. markets, a total income tax provision of $16.1 million was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018.  There are no assurances that we will not increase or decrease the valuation allowances in future periods against deferred tax assets and liabilities. Any increase in

the valuation allowance would result in additional deferred tax expense; likewise, any decrease would result in additional deferred tax benefit. Any deferred tax expense could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

The accounting methods for our convertible debt securities may have a material effect on our reported financial results.

In accounting for Convertible Notes due 2024, we identified certain features that are bifurcated and accounted for as derivatives, Under the applicable accounting guidance, the derivatives must be marked to market each reporting period. The fluctuation in the fair value between reporting periods is recorded in that period and impacts net earnings. These changes in the fair value will create volatility in our net earnings. Additionally, we recorded a debt discount based on the fair value of the derivative liability related to the conversion feature upon issuance, which will be accreted to interest expense over the term of the agreement. This will impact non-cash interest expense in the current period presented and future periods.

In addition, convertible debt instruments (such as the Convertible Notes due 2024) that may be settled in cash, shares or a combination of cash and shares may utilize the if-converted method which we have elected to use to compute earnings per share, the effect of which is that the shares issuable upon conversion of the notes are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share to the extent that they are dilutive. Under the if-converted method the number of shares of common stock that would be necessary to settle all of the Convertible Notes due 2024 are included in diluted earnings per share. This may cause further volatility in our diluted earnings per share.  

We may be reviewed by antitrust authorities.

Given our size and market share, pursuit of acquisition opportunities that would increase the number of our theatres in markets where we have a leading market share would likely result in significant review by antitrust regulators in the applicable jurisdictions, and we may be required to dispose of theatres in order to complete such acquisition opportunities. As a result, we may not be able to succeed in acquiring other exhibition companies or we may have to dispose of a significant number of theatres in key markets in order to complete such acquisitions.

We operate in a consolidating industry that is scrutinized from time to time for compliance with antitrust and competition laws, including currently dormant investigations into film clearances and joint ventures among competing exhibitors. If we were found to have violated antitrust laws, it could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.

We are subject to substantial government regulation, which could entail significant cost.

We are subject to various federal, state and local laws, regulations and administrative practices both domestically and internationally affecting our business, and we must comply with provisions regulating antitrust, health and sanitation standards, equal employment, environmental, data protection and licensing for the sale of food and, in some theatres, alcoholic beverages. Our new theatre openings could be delayed or prevented or our existing theatres could be impacted by difficulties or failures in our ability to obtain or maintain required approvals or licenses. Changes in existing laws or implementation of new laws, regulations and practices could have a significant impact on our business. A significant portion of our theatre level employees are part time workers who are paid at or near the applicable minimum wage in the theatre’s jurisdiction. Increases in the minimum wage and implementation of reforms requiring the provision of additional benefits will increase our labor costs.

We own and operate facilities throughout the United States and various international markets throughout Europe and are subject to the environmental laws and regulations of those jurisdictions, particularly laws governing the cleanup of hazardous materials and the management of properties. We might in the future be required to participate in the cleanup of a property that we own or lease, or at which we have been alleged to have disposed of hazardous materials from one of our facilities. In certain circumstances, we might be solely responsible for any such liability under environmental laws, and such claims could be material.

In the U.S., our theatres must comply with Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”). Compliance with the ADA requires that public accommodations, including websites and mobile apps for such public accommodations, “reasonably accommodate” individuals with disabilities and that new construction or alterations made

to “commercial facilities” conform to accessibility guidelines unless “structurally impracticable” for new construction or technically infeasible for alterations. Non‑compliance with the ADA could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, fines, and an award of damages to private litigants or additional capital expenditures to remedy such noncompliance, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. In Europe, all territories have similar national regulations relating to disabilities that our theatres operate in accordance with. Noncompliance with these regulations could carry financial, operational and reputation risks.

We have had significant financial losses in previous years.

Prior to fiscal 2007, we had reported net losses in each of the prior nine fiscal years totaling approximately $551.1 million. For fiscal 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, the period March 30, 2012 through August 30, 2012, the period August 31, 2012 through December 31, 2012, the year ended 2013, the year ended 2014, the year ended 2015, the year ended 2016, the year ended 2017, and the year ended 2018, we reported net earnings (losses) of $116.9 million, $(6.2) million, $(149.0) million, $79.9 million, $(174.3) million, $(94.1) million, $90.2 million, $(42.7) million, $364.4 million, $64.1 million, $103.9 million, $111.7 million, $(487.2) million, and $110.1 million, respectively. If we experience poor financial results in the future, we may be unable to meet our payment obligations while attempting to expand our theatre circuit and withstand competitive pressures or adverse economic conditions.

General political, social and economic conditions can reduce our attendance.

Our success depends on general political, social and economic conditions and the willingness of consumers to spend money at movie theatres. If going to motion pictures becomes less popular or consumers spend less on food and beverage, which accounted for 30.6% of our revenues in calendar 2018, our operations could be adversely affected. In addition, our operations could be adversely affected if consumers’ discretionary income falls as a result of an economic downturn. Geopolitical events, including the threat of terrorism or cyber‑attacks, could cause people to avoid our theatres or other public places where large crowds are in attendance. In addition, due to our concentration in certain markets, natural disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes in those markets could adversely affect our overall results of operations.

We depend on key personnel for our current and future performance.

Our current and future performance depends to a significant degree upon the retention of our senior management team and other key personnel. The loss or unavailability of any member of our senior management team or a key employee could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot give assurance that we would be able to locate or employ qualified replacements for senior management or key employees on acceptable terms.

Our controlling shareholder owns more than 75% of the combined voting power of our common stock and has significant influence over our corporate management and affairs.

Our Class B common stock has three votes per share, and our Class A common stock, which is the publicly traded stock, has one vote per share. As of December 31, 2018, Wanda owns 51,769,784 shares of Class B common stock, or 50.01% of our outstanding common stock, representing approximately 75.01% of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. As such, Wanda has significant influence over our reporting and corporate management and affairs, and, because of the three-to-one voting ratio between our Class B and Class A common stock, Wanda will continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock and therefore be able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval (including election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as mergers) so long as the shares of Class B common stock owned by Wanda and its permitted transferees represent at least 30% of all outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock. The shares of our Class B common stock automatically convert to shares of Class A common stock upon Wanda and its permitted transferees holding less than 30% of all outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock.

We may not generate sufficient cash flows or have sufficient restricted payment capacity under our Senior Secured Credit Facility or the indentures governing our debt securities to pay our intended dividends on our Class A common stock.

Subject to legally available funds, we intend to pay quarterly cash dividends. We will only be able to pay dividends from our available cash on hand and funds received from our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries' ability to make distributions to us will depend on their ability to generate substantial operating cash flow. Our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders is subject to the terms of our Senior Secured Credit Facility and the indentures governing our outstanding notes. Our operating cash flow and ability to comply with restricted payment covenants in our debt instruments will depend on our future performance, which will be subject to prevailing economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors beyond our control. In addition, dividend payments are not mandatory or guaranteed, and our board of directors may decrease the level of dividends or entirely discontinue the payment of dividends. We may not pay dividends as a result of the following additional factors, among others:

The maximum amount we would be permitted to distribute in accordance with our Senior Secured Credit Facility and the indentures governing our notes was approximately $2.5 billion as of December 31, 2018. As a result of the foregoing limitations on our ability to make distributions, we cannot give assurance that we will be able to make all of our intended quarterly dividend payments.

There may be future dilution of our Class A common stock, which could adversely affect the market price of shares of our Class A common stock.

In the future, we may issue additional shares of Class A common stock to raise cash to refinance indebtedness, for working capital, to finance strategic initiatives and future acquisitions or for other purposes. We may also acquire interests in other companies by using a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock or just shares of Class A common stock. We may also issue securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, shares of Class A common stock. Any of these events may dilute the ownership interests of current stockholders, reduce our earnings per share or have an adverse effect on the price of our shares of Class A common stock. In addition, the conversion of some or all of our Convertible Notes due 2024, to the extent we deliver shares of Class A common stock upon conversion thereof, would dilute the ownership interests of current stockholders, reduce our earnings per share and potentially have an adverse effect on the price of our shares of Class A common stock.

Future sales of our Class A common stock in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

We cannot predict the effect, if any, that market sales of shares of our Class A common stock or the availability of shares of our Class A common stock for sale will have on the prevailing market price of our Class A common stock. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could reduce the market price of our shares of Class A common stock. 

Wanda holds shares of our Class B common stock, all of which constitute "restricted securities" under the Securities Act. The shares of our Class B common stock automatically convert to Class A common stock (1) if transferred to a person other than certain permitted transferees or (2) upon Wanda and its permitted transferees holding less than 30% of all outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock. Provided the holders comply with the applicable volume limits and other conditions prescribed in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, all of these restricted securities are currently freely tradeable. Pursuant to a registration rights agreement dated December 23, 2013, we have agreed to use our best efforts to effect registered offerings upon request from Wanda and to grant incidental or "piggyback" registration rights with respect to any registrable securities held by Wanda. The obligation to effect any demand for registration by Wanda will be subject to certain conditions, including limitations on the number of demand registrations and limitations on the minimum value of securities to be registered. We have also agreed to use our best efforts to grant certain incidental or "piggyback" registration rights with respect to securities issued to certain current and former officers. In connection with the sale of our Convertible Notes due 2024, we have agreed, subject to certain conditions, to use our reasonable efforts to effect registered offerings on behalf of holders of the Convertible Notes due 2024 with respect to the securities held by them and the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion thereof. We filed a registration statement with the SEC on December 14, 2018 to fulfill this requirement. The exercise of such registration rights by Wanda, the holders of the Convertible Notes due 2024 and/or the current and former officers may substantially increase the number of shares of Class A common stock in the public market and could reduce the market price of shares of our Class A common stock.

We have elected to take advantage of the "controlled company" exemption to the corporate governance rules for publicly-listed companies, which could make our Class A common stock less attractive to some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.

Because we qualify as a "controlled company" under the corporate governance rules for publicly-listed companies, we are not required to have a majority of our board of directors be independent, nor are we required to have a compensation committee or an independent nominating function. In light of our status as a controlled company, our board of directors has determined not to have a majority of our board of directors be independent, have a compensation committee composed solely of independent directors or have an independent nominating function and has chosen to have the full board of directors be directly responsible for nominating members of our board. Accordingly, should the interests of Wanda, as our controlling stockholder, differ from those of other stockholders, the other stockholders may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance rules for publicly-listed companies. Our status as a controlled company could make our Class A common stock less attractive to some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.

The super voting rights of our Class B common stock and other anti-takeover protections in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws may discourage or prevent a takeover of our Company, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders.

Provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as amended, as well as provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law and the supermajority rights of our Class B common stockholder, could delay or make it more difficult to remove incumbent directors or for a third-party to acquire us, even if a takeover would benefit our stockholders. These provisions include:

Our issuance of shares of preferred stock could delay or prevent a change of control of our company. Our board of directors has the authority to cause us to issue, without any further vote or action by the stockholders, up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, in one or more series, to designate the number of shares constituting any series, and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, redemption price or prices and liquidation preferences of such series. The issuance of shares of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company without further action by the stockholders, even where stockholders are offered a premium for their shares.

Our incorporation under Delaware law, the ability of our board of directors to create and issue a new series of preferred stock or a stockholder rights plan and certain other provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as amended, could impede a merger, takeover or other business combination involving our company or the replacement of our management or discourage a potential investor from making a tender offer for our Class A common stock, which, under certain circumstances, could reduce the market value of our Class A common stock.

Our issuance of preferred stock could dilute the voting power of the common stockholders and adversely affect the market value of our Class A common stock.

The issuance of shares of preferred stock with voting rights may adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our other classes of voting stock either by diluting the voting power of our other classes of voting stock if they vote together as a single class, or by giving the holders of any such preferred stock the right to block an action on which they have a separate class vote even if the action were approved by the holders of our other classes of voting stock.

In addition, the issuance of shares of preferred stock with dividend or conversion rights, liquidation preferences or other economic terms favorable to the holders of preferred stock could adversely affect the market price for our Class A common stock by making an investment in the common stock less attractive. For example, investors may not wish to purchase Class A common stock at a price above the conversion price of a series of convertible preferred stock because the holders of the preferred stock would effectively be entitled to purchase Class A common stock at the lower conversion price causing economic dilution to the holders of Class A common stock.

The elimination of the calculation of USD LIBOR rates may impact our contracts that are indexed to USD LIBOR.

In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee ("ARRC") has proposed that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in derivatives and other financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to USD-LIBOR. The Company has material contracts that are indexed to USD-LIBOR and is monitoring this activity and evaluating the related risks.