ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Certain statements contained in this Form 10-Q (or otherwise made by the Company or on the Company’s behalf from time to time in other reports, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, news releases, conferences, website postings or otherwise) that are not statements of historical fact constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), notwithstanding that such statements are not specifically identified. Forward-looking statements include statements about the Company’s financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management of the Company for future operations. These forward-looking statements reflect the best judgments of the Company about the future events and trends based on the beliefs of the Company’s management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Company’s management. Use of the words “may,” “should,” “continue,” “plan,” “potential,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect” and “intend” and words or phrases of similar import, as they relate to the Company or its subsidiaries or Company management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Forward-looking statements reflect the current view of the Company with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth under Item 1A—Risk Factors in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 as well as future growth rates and margins for certain of our products and services, future supply and demand for our products and services, competitive factors, general economic conditions, cyclicality, market conditions in the new and used commercial vehicle markets, customer relations, relationships with vendors, the interest rate environment, governmental regulation and supervision, seasonality, distribution networks, product introductions and acceptance, technological change, changes in industry practices, one-time events and other factors described herein and in the Company’s quarterly and other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (collectively, “Cautionary Statements”). Although the Company believes that its expectations are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Based upon changing conditions, should any one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in any forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the applicable Cautionary Statements. All forward-looking statements speak only as the date on which they are made and the Company undertakes no duty to update or revise any forward-looking statements.
The following comments should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Note Regarding Trademarks Commonly Used in the Company’s Filings
Peterbilt
®
is a registered trademark of Peterbilt Motors Company. PACCAR
®
is a registered trademark of PACCAR, Inc. GMC
®
is a registered trademark of General Motors Corporation. Hino
®
is a registered trademark of Hino Motors, Ltd. UD
®
is a registered trademark of UD Truck North America, Ltd. Isuzu
®
is a registered trademark of Isuzu Motors Limited. Kenworth
®
is a registered trademark of PACCAR, Inc. doing business as Kenworth Truck Company. Volvo
®
is a registered trademark of Volvo Trademark Holding AB. Freightliner
®
is a registered trademark of Freightliner Corporation. Mack
®
is a registered trademark of Mack Trucks, Inc. Navistar
®
is a registered trademark of Navistar International Corporation. Caterpillar
®
is a registered trademark of Caterpillar, Inc. PacLease
®
is a registered trademark of PACCAR Leasing Corporation. CitiCapital
®
is a registered trademark of Citicorp. Ford
®
is a registered trademark of Ford Motor Company. Ford Motor Credit Company
®
is a registered trademark of Ford Motor Company. Cummins
®
is a registered trademark of Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. Eaton
®
is a registered trademark of Eaton Corporation. Arvin Meritor
®
is a registered trademark of Meritor Technology
,
Inc. JPMorgan Chase
®
is a registered trademark of JP Morgan Chase & Co. SAP
®
is a registered trademark of SAP Aktiengesellschaft. International
®
is a registered trademark of Navistar International Transportation Corp. Blue Bird
®
is a registered trademark of Blue Bird Investment Corporation. Autocar
®
is a registered trademark of Shem, LLC. IC Bus
®
is a registered trademark of IC Bus, LLC. Collins Bus Corporation
®
is a registered trademark of Collins Bus Corporation. Fuso
®
is a registered trademark of Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation. Workhorse
®
is a registered trademark of Workhorse Custom Chassis, LLC. Micro Bird
®
is a registered trademark of Blue Bird Body Company.
General
Rush Enterprises, Inc. was incorporated in Texas in 1965 and consists of one reportable segment, the Truck Segment. The Company conducts business through numerous subsidiaries, all of which it wholly owns, directly or indirectly. Its principal offices are located at 555 IH 35 South, Suite 500, New Braunfels, Texas 78130.
The Company is a full-service, integrated retailer of commercial vehicles and related services. The Truck Segment operates a regional network of commercial vehicle dealerships under the name “Rush Truck Centers.” Rush Truck Centers primarily sell commercial vehicles manufactured by Peterbilt, International, Hino, UD, Ford, Isuzu, Mitsubishi Fuso, IC Bus or Blue Bird. Through its strategically located network of Rush Truck Centers, the Company provides one-stop service for the needs of its commercial vehicle customers, including retail sales of new and used commercial vehicles, aftermarket parts sales, service and repair facilities, and financing, leasing and rental, and insurance products.
The Company’s Rush Truck Centers are principally located in high traffic areas throughout the United States. Since commencing operations as a Peterbilt heavy-duty truck dealer in 1966, the Company has grown to operate 70 Rush Truck Centers in 14 states.
Our business strategy consists of providing our customers with competitively priced products supported with timely and reliable service through our integrated dealer network. We intend to continue to implement our business strategy, reinforce customer loyalty and remain a market leader by continuing to develop our Rush Truck Centers as we extend our geographic focus through strategic acquisitions of new locations and expansions of our existing facilities and product lines.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. The Company believes the following accounting policies affect its more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined by specific identification of new and used commercial vehicles and by the first-in, first-out method for tires, parts and accessories. As the market value of our inventory typically declines over time, reserves are established based on historical loss experience and market trends. These reserves are charged to cost of sales and reduce the carrying value of our inventory on hand. An allowance is provided when it is anticipated that cost will exceed net realizable value.
Goodwill
Goodwill and other intangible assets that have indefinite lives are not amortized but instead are tested at least annually by reporting unit for impairment, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.
Goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing a two-step process. The first step requires the Company to compare the fair value of the reporting unit, which is the same as the segment, to the respective carrying value. The Company considers its segment to be a reporting unit for purposes of this analysis. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value is greater than the fair value, there is an indication that impairment may exist and a second step is required. In the second step of the analysis, the implied fair value of the goodwill is calculated as the excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the fair values assigned to its assets and liabilities. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, the difference is recognized as an impairment loss.
The Company determines the fair value of its reporting unit using the discounted cash flow method. The discounted cash flow method uses various assumptions and estimates regarding revenue growth rates, future gross margins, future selling, general and administrative expenses and an estimated weighted average cost of capital. The analysis is based upon available information regarding expected future cash flows of each reporting unit discounted at rates consistent with the cost of capital specific to the reporting unit. This type of analysis contains uncertainties because it requires the Company to make assumptions and to apply judgment regarding its knowledge of its industry, information provided by industry analysts, and its current business strategy in light of present industry and economic conditions. If any of these assumptions change, or fails to materialize, the resulting decline in its estimated fair value could result in a material impairment charge to the goodwill associated with the reporting unit.
Management is not aware of any impairment charge that may currently be required; however, a change in economic conditions, if one occurs, could result in an impairment charge in future periods.
The Company does not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions it used to test for impairment losses on goodwill. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, or certain events occur that might adversely affect the reported value of goodwill in the future, the Company may be exposed to an impairment charge that could be material. Such events may include, but are not limited to, the discontinuance of operations by certain manufacturers the Company represents, strategic decisions made in response to economic and competitive conditions or the impact of the current economic environment.
Insurance Accruals
The Company is partially self-insured for a portion of the claims related to its property and casualty insurance programs, requiring it to make estimates regarding expected losses to be incurred. The Company engages a third party administrator to assess any open claims and the Company adjusts its accrual accordingly on an annual basis. The Company is also partially self-insured for a portion of the claims related to its worker’s compensation and medical insurance programs. The Company uses actuarial information provided from third party administrators to calculate an accrual for claims incurred, but not reported, and for the remaining portion of claims that have been reported.
Changes in the frequency, severity, and development of existing claims could influence the Company’s reserve for claims and financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The Company does not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the estimates or assumptions it used to calculate its self-insured liabilities. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, the Company may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material.
Accounting for Income Taxes
Management judgment is required to determine the provisions for income taxes and to determine whether deferred tax assets will be realized in full or in part. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. When it is more likely than not that all or some portion of specific deferred income tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance must be established for the amount of deferred income tax assets that are determined not to be realizable. Accordingly, the facts and financial circumstances impacting deferred income tax assets are reviewed quarterly and management’s judgment is applied to determine the amount of valuation allowance required, if any, in any given period.
The Company’s income tax returns are periodically audited by tax authorities. These audits include questions regarding our tax filing positions, including the timing and amount of deductions. In evaluating the exposures associated with the Company’s various tax filing positions, the Company adjusts its liability for unrecognized tax benefits and income tax provision in the period in which an uncertain tax position is effectively settled, the statute of limitations expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position, or when more information becomes available.
The Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits contains uncertainties because management is required to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate the exposures associated with its various filing positions. The Company’s effective income tax rate is also affected by changes in tax law, the level of earnings and the results of tax audits. Although the Company believes that the judgments and estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ, and the Company may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. An unfavorable tax settlement generally would require use of the Company’s cash and result in an increase in its effective income tax rate in the period of resolution. A favorable tax settlement would be recognized as a reduction in the Company’s effective income tax rate in the period of resolution. The Company’s income tax expense includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that it considers appropriate, as well as related interest.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The Company applies the provisions of ASC 718-10, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including grants of employee stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units and employee stock purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan based on estimated fair values.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage its interest rate risk. The types of risks hedged are those relating to the variability of cash flows and changes in the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments caused by movements in interest rates. The Company assesses hedge effectiveness at the inception and during the term of each hedge. Derivatives are reported at fair value on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The effective portion of the gain or loss on the Company’s cash flow hedges are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Hedge effectiveness will be assessed quarterly by comparing the changes in cumulative gain or loss from the interest rate swap with the cumulative changes in the present value of the expected future cash flows of the interest rate swap that are attributable to changes in the LIBOR rate
.
If the interest rate swaps become ineffective, portions of these interest rate swaps would be reported as a component of interest expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.
Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis includes the Company’s historical results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011.
The following table sets forth certain financial data as a percentage of total revenues:
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New and used truck sales
|
|
|
71.6
|
%
|
|
|
70.5
|
%
|
|
|
71.3
|
%
|
|
|
67.2
|
%
|
Parts and service
|
|
|
24.9
|
|
|
|
25.7
|
|
|
|
25.1
|
|
|
|
28.5
|
|
Lease and rental
|
|
|
2.8
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
|
2.9
|
|
|
|
3.6
|
|
Finance and insurance
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
Cost of products sold
|
|
|
84.5
|
|
|
|
84.1
|
|
|
|
84.0
|
|
|
|
83.0
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
15.5
|
|
|
|
15.9
|
|
|
|
16.0
|
|
|
|
17.0
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
11.0
|
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
|
|
11.5
|
|
|
|
13.1
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
|
0.8
|
|
Gain on sale of assets
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
|
|
0.0
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
3.8
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
3.8
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
Income before income taxes
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
|
|
2.8
|
|
Provision for income taxes
|
|
|
1.3
|
|
|
|
1.2
|
|
|
|
1.3
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
2.1
|
%
|
|
|
1.9
|
%
|
|
|
2.1
|
%
|
|
|
1.7
|
%
|
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the percent of gross profit by revenue source:
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross Profit:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New and used commercial vehicle sales
|
|
|
30.2
|
%
|
|
|
28.8
|
%
|
|
|
31.2
|
%
|
|
|
26.1
|
%
|
Parts and service sales
|
|
|
62.2
|
|
|
|
63.5
|
|
|
|
61.7
|
|
|
|
65.9
|
|
Lease and rental
|
|
|
3.0
|
|
|
|
3.5
|
|
|
|
2.8
|
|
|
|
3.5
|
|
Finance and insurance
|
|
|
2.8
|
|
|
|
2.6
|
|
|
|
2.6
|
|
|
|
2.5
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
|
|
1.6
|
|
|
|
1.7
|
|
|
|
2.0
|
|
Total gross profit
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
The following table sets forth the unit sales and revenue for new heavy-duty, new medium-duty, new light-duty and used commercial vehicles and the absorption ratio (revenue in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle unit sales:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New heavy-duty vehicles
|
|
|
2,813
|
|
|
|
2,363
|
|
|
|
19.0
|
%
|
|
|
5,551
|
|
|
|
3,708
|
|
|
|
49.7
|
%
|
New medium-duty vehicles
|
|
|
2,141
|
|
|
|
1,514
|
|
|
|
41.4
|
%
|
|
|
3,675
|
|
|
|
2,331
|
|
|
|
57.7
|
%
|
New light-duty vehicles
|
|
|
343
|
|
|
|
314
|
|
|
|
9.2
|
%
|
|
|
620
|
|
|
|
426
|
|
|
|
45.5
|
%
|
Total new vehicle unit sales
|
|
|
5,297
|
|
|
|
4,191
|
|
|
|
26.4
|
%
|
|
|
9,846
|
|
|
|
6,465
|
|
|
|
52.3
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Used vehicles
|
|
|
1,242
|
|
|
|
1,156
|
|
|
|
7.4
|
%
|
|
|
2,494
|
|
|
|
2,263
|
|
|
|
10.2
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New heavy-duty vehicles
|
|
$
|
395.3
|
|
|
$
|
300.5
|
|
|
|
31.5
|
%
|
|
$
|
779.5
|
|
|
$
|
473.7
|
|
|
|
64.6
|
%
|
New medium-duty vehicles
|
|
|
135.8
|
|
|
|
107.3
|
|
|
|
26.6
|
%
|
|
|
236.5
|
|
|
|
160.7
|
|
|
|
47.2
|
%
|
New light-duty vehicles
|
|
|
11.0
|
|
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
7.8
|
%
|
|
|
20.2
|
|
|
|
14.2
|
|
|
|
42.3
|
%
|
Total new vehicle revenue
|
|
$
|
542.1
|
|
|
$
|
418.0
|
|
|
|
29.7
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,036.2
|
|
|
$
|
648.6
|
|
|
|
59.8
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Used vehicle revenue
|
|
$
|
53.1
|
|
|
$
|
47.4
|
|
|
|
12.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
107.6
|
|
|
$
|
93.8
|
|
|
|
14.7
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other vehicle revenue:
(1)
|
|
$
|
3.0
|
|
|
$
|
1.2
|
|
|
|
150.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
6.3
|
|
|
$
|
1.7
|
|
|
|
270.6
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Absorption ratio:
|
|
|
117.7
|
%
|
|
|
112.9
|
%
|
|
|
4.3
|
%
|
|
|
117.2
|
%
|
|
|
111.1
|
%
|
|
|
5.5
|
%
|
(1) Includes sales of truck bodies, trailers and other new equipment.
Key Performance Indicator
Absorption Ratio
Management uses several performance metrics to evaluate the performance of its commercial vehicle dealerships, and considers Rush Truck Centers’ “absorption ratio” to be of critical importance. Absorption ratio is calculated by dividing the gross profit from the parts, service and body shop departments by the overhead expenses of all of a dealership’s departments, except for the selling expenses of the new and used commercial vehicle departments and carrying costs of new and used commercial vehicle inventory. When 100% absorption is achieved, then gross profit from the sale of a commercial vehicle, after sales commissions and inventory carrying costs, directly impacts operating profit. In 1999, the Company’s truck dealerships’ absorption ratio was approximately 80%. The Company has made a concerted effort to increase its absorption ratio since 1999. The Company’s truck dealerships achieved a 117.7% absorption ratio for the second quarter of 2012 and a 112.9% absorption ratio for the second quarter in 2011.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2011
In the second quarter, the Company’s gross revenues totaled $835.8 million, a 26.3% increase from gross revenues of $662.0 million for the second quarter ended June 30, 2011. The Company’s overall parts, service and body shop sales increased 22.2% in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011. This contributed to the Company achieving an absorption ratio of 117.7% for the quarter ended June 30, 2012.
The Company’s strategy to expand the scope of aftermarket solutions provided to the commercial vehicle market, combined with the ability to offer a diverse product lineup of new trucks into a range of market segments, continues to result in solid financial performance. The Company’s aftermarket capabilities now include a wide range of services and products such as jobsite mobile service, new diagnostic and analysis capabilities and assembly service for specialized bodies and equipment.
The Company increased deliveries of Class 8 trucks by 19.0% in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011. A.C.T. Research Co., LLC (“A.C.T. Research”), a truck industry data and forecasting service provider, currently predicts U.S. retail sales of Class 8 trucks of approximately 202,500 units in 2012, 227,000 units in 2013, and 229,000 units in 2014, compared to approximately174,000 units in 2011. The Company believes that U.S. retail sales of Class 8 trucks in 2012 will range from approximately 180,000 to 185,000 units.
The Company increased deliveries of new Class 4 through 7 medium-duty vehicles by 41.4% in the second quarter of 2012, compared to the second quarter of last year. A.C.T. Research currently predicts U.S. retail sales of Class 4 through 7 medium-duty commercial vehicles of approximately 158,000 units in 2012, a 9.5% increase from the number of units sold in 2011, 182,000 units in 2013, and 198,000 in 2014.
Revenues
Revenues increased $173.9 million, or 26.3%, in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011.
Parts, service and body shop revenues increased $37.9 million, or 22.2%, in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011. This increase is the result of increased service needs of aging vehicles, continued service activity in the energy sector, expanded product and service offerings and acquisitions that occurred in 2011. The Company expects parts, service and body shop sales to continue to remain strong through 2012 and remains focused on expanding aftermarket product and service offerings.
Revenues from sales of new and used commercial vehicles increased $131.6 million, or 28.2%, in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011. Demand for commercial vehicles remained strong in the first half of 2021, but the Company believes that demand for commercial vehicles will soften in the second half of 2012 due to current economic and political uncertainty.
The Company sold 2,813 heavy-duty trucks in the second quarter of 2012, a 19.0% increase compared to 2,363 heavy-duty trucks in the second quarter of 2011. This increase was primarily driven by strong activity in the energy sector and replacement truck deliveries to larger fleets.
According to A.C.T. Research, the U.S. Class 8 truck market increased 31.0% in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011. The Company’s share of the U.S. Class 8 truck sales market was approximately 5.2% in 2011. The Company expects its market share to range between 5.2% and 5.4% of U.S. Class 8 truck sales in 2012. This would result in the sale of approximately 9,400 to 10,000 of Class 8 trucks in 2012 based on the Company’s estimate that U.S. retail sales will range from 180,000 to 185,000 units. The Company’s ability to sell this many trucks may be limited by manufacturer and component suppliers’ ability to maintain or increase production over current levels to meet customer demand.
The Company sold 2,141 medium-duty commercial vehicles, including 141 buses, in the second quarter of 2012, a 41.4% increase compared to 1,514 medium-duty commercial vehicles, including 398 buses, in 2011. This increase is primarily the result of increased new truck sales to medium-duty fleets across the country along with strong performance by the Company’s Ford franchises. A.C.T. Research estimates that unit sales of Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicles in the U.S. increased approximately 11.0% in the second quarter of 2012, compared to the second quarter of 2011. In 2011, the Company achieved a 3.8% share of the Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicle sales market in the U.S. As a result of acquisitions that occurred during 2011, the Company expects its market share to range between 4.2% and 4.6% of U.S. Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicle sales in 2012. This market share percentage would result in the sale of approximately 6,700 to 7,300 of Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicles in 2012 based on A.C.T. Research’s current U.S. retail sales estimates of 158,000 units.
The Company sold 343 light-duty vehicles in the second quarter of 2012, a 9.2% increase compared to 314 light-duty vehicles in the second quarter of 2011. This increase is primarily due to acquisitions that occurred in 2011. The Company expects to sell 1,200 light-duty vehicles in 2012.
The Company sold 1,242 used commercial vehicles in the second quarter of 2012, a 7.4% increase compared to 1,156 used commercial vehicles in the second quarter of 2011. The Company expects to sell approximately 4,700 to 5,200 used commercial vehicles in 2012. The volume of used commercial vehicle sales will be largely dependent upon our ability to acquire quality used commercial vehicles and maintain an adequate used commercial vehicle inventory throughout 2012.
Truck lease and rental revenues increased $2.9 million, or 14.0%, in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011. The increase in lease and rental revenue is primarily due to the increased number of units put into service in the lease and rental fleet during 2011 and 2012. The Company expects lease and rental revenue to increase 20% to 25% during 2012, compared to 2011 based on the increase of units in the lease and rental fleet.
Finance and insurance revenues increased $0.8 million, or 30.4%, in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011. The increase in finance and insurance revenue is primarily a result of the increase in new and used commercial vehicle sales. The Company expects finance and insurance revenue to fluctuate proportionately with the Company’s new and used commercial vehicle sales in 2012. Finance and insurance revenues have limited direct costs and, therefore, contribute a disproportionate share of the Company’s operating profits.
Gross Profit
Gross profit increased $24.1 million, or 22.9%, in the second quarter of 2012, compared to the second quarter of 2011. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased to 15.5% in the second quarter of 2012 from 15.9% in the second quarter of 2011. This decrease in gross profit as a percentage of sales is a result of a change in our product sales mix. Commercial vehicle sales, a lower margin revenue item, increased as a percentage of total revenue to 71.6% in 2012, from 70.5% in 2011. Parts and service revenue, a higher margin revenue item, decreased as a percentage of total revenue to 24.9% in 2012, from 25.7% in 2011.
Gross margins from the Company’s parts, service and body shop operations decreased to 38.7% in the second quarter of 2012, from 39.3% in the second quarter of 2011. Gross profit for the parts, service and body shop departments increased to $80.7 million in the second quarter of 2012 from $66.9 million in the second quarter of 2011. The Company expects gross margins on parts, service and body shop operations to range from approximately 38.0% to 41.0% in 2012.
Gross margins on Class 8 truck sales remained constant at 6.7% in the second quarter of 2012 and the second quarter of 2011. In 2012, the Company expects overall gross margins from Class 8 truck sales of approximately 6.5% to 7.5%.
Gross margins on medium-duty commercial vehicle sales decreased to 4.2% in the second quarter of 2012, from 4.3% in the second quarter of 2011. Gross margins on medium-duty commercial vehicles are difficult to forecast accurately because gross margins vary significantly depending upon the mix of fleet and non-fleet purchasers and types of medium-duty commercial vehicles sold. For 2012, the Company expects overall gross margins from medium-duty commercial vehicle sales of approximately 4.5% to 5.5%, but this will largely depend upon general economic conditions and the mix of purchasers and types of vehicles sold.
Gross margins on used commercial vehicle sales decreased to 8.3% in the second quarter of 2012, from 10.2% in the second quarter of 2011. The decrease in the margin is primarily due to a larger percentage of wholesale transactions in the second quarter of 2012. In 2012, the Company expects margins on used commercial vehicles to remain between 8.0% and 10.0% depending upon general economic conditions and the availability of quality used vehicles.
Gross margins from truck lease and rental sales decreased to 16.5% in the second quarter of 2012, from 18.0% in the second quarter of 2011. The decrease in gross profit is primarily attributable to the significant number of units placed into service during the first quarter of 2012. Growth in the lease and rental fleet can negatively affect margins as the Company experiences a full month of expense on new units going into service while a full month of revenue is not secured. The Company expects gross margins from lease and rental sales of approximately 14.5% to 16.5% during 2012, as it expects to continue to grow its lease and rental fleet. The Company’s policy is to depreciate its lease and rental fleet using a straight line method over the customer’s contractual lease term. The lease unit is depreciated to a residual value that approximates fair value at the expiration of the lease term. This policy results in the Company realizing reasonable gross margins while the unit is in service and a corresponding gain or loss on sale when the unit is sold at the end of the lease term.
Finance and insurance revenues and other income, as described above, have limited direct costs and, therefore, contribute a disproportionate share of gross profit.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased $12.0 million, or 15.1%, in the second quarter of 2012, compared to the second quarter of 2011. SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenue decreased to 11.0% in the second quarter of 2012, from 12.0% in the second quarter of 2011. SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenue have historically ranged from 10.0% to 15.0%. In general, when new and used commercial vehicle revenue decreases as a percentage of total revenue, SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenue will be at, or exceed, the higher end of this range. For 2012, the Company expects SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenue to range from 11.0% to 13.0% and the selling portion of SG&A expenses to be approximately 25% to 30% of new and used commercial vehicle gross profit. In 2012, the Company expects the general and administrative portion of SG&A expenses to increase by approximately 13.0% to 17.0% compared to 2011 due to an expected increase in personnel costs related to increased parts and service business, the full year effect of acquisitions made in 2011, and the reinstatement of certain employee benefits. The Company will incur ongoing additional costs of approximately $0.3 million to $0.4 million per month related to implementation of SAP software, which includes monthly maintenance fees and training expenses. The SAP software was placed into service in August 2011.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1.5 million, or 33.3%, in the second quarter of 2012 compared to 2011. Approximately $0.7 million of the increase was amortization expense related to the SAP software development which began in August 2011. The remainder was due to acquisitions and store expansions.
Interest Expense, Net
Net interest expense increased $1.8 million, or 113.1%, in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011. The increase in net interest expense is primarily due to increased truck inventory levels. In January 2012, the Company’s floor plan agreement with GE Capital was amended to decrease interest rates related to floor plan notes payable. Net interest expense in 2012 will depend on inventory levels and cash available for prepayment of floor plan financing. Interest expense will increase by approximately $0.1 million per month, through July of 2012, because the Company discontinued the capitalization of interest on the costs related to the SAP software implementation when the software was placed in service in August 2011.
Income before Income Taxes
As a result of the factors described above, income before income taxes increased $8.4 million, or 41.5%, in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011. The Company believes that income before income taxes will increase in 2012 compared to 2011 because of the factors described above.
Income Taxes
Income taxes increased $3.5 million, or 45.2%, in the second quarter of 2012, compared to the second quarter of 2011. The Company provided for taxes at a 39.0% effective rate in the second quarter of 2012 compared to an effective rate of 38.0% in the second quarter of 2011. The Company expects its effective tax rate to be approximately 37.0% to 39.0% of pretax income in 2012.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012, Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
Unless otherwise stated below, the Company’s variance explanations and future expectations with regard to the items discussed in this section are set forth in the discussion of the “Three Months Ended June 30, 2012, Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2011.”
Revenues increased $505.1 million, or 45.6%, in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011. Sales of new and used trucks increased $406.0 million, or 54.6%, in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011.
Parts and service sales increased $89.0 million, or 28.2%, in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011.
The Company sold 5,551 heavy-duty trucks in the first six months of 2012, a 49.7% increase compared to 3,708 heavy-duty trucks in the first six months of 2011. According to A.C.T. Research, retail sales in the U.S. Class 8 truck market increased 38.0% in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011.
The Company sold 3,675 medium-duty commercial vehicles, including 255 buses in the first six months of 2012. This represented a 57.7% increase compared to 2,331 medium-duty commercial vehicles, including 507 buses in the first six months of 2011. A.C.T. Research estimates that unit sales of Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicles in the U.S increased approximately 15.0% in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011.
The Company sold 2,494 used commercial vehicles in the first six months of 2012, a 10.2% increase compared to 2,263 used commercial vehicles in the first six months of 2011.
Truck lease and rental revenues increased $7.4 million, or 18.6%, in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011.
Finance and insurance revenues increased $2.0 million, or 42.5%, in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011.
Gross Profit
Gross profit increased $70.0 million, or 37.3%, in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased to 16.0% in the first six months of 2012 from 17.0% in the first six months of 2011.
Gross margins from the Company’s parts, service and body shop operations increased to 39.3% in the first six months of 2012, from 39.2% in the first six months of 2011. Gross profit for the parts, service and body shop departments was $159.1 million in the first six months of 2012, compared to $123.8 million in the first six months of 2011.
Gross margins on Class 8 truck sales increased to 7.1% in the first six months of 2012, from 6.6% in the first six months of 2011.
Gross margins on medium-duty commercial vehicle sales remained constant at 4.5% in the first six months of 2012 and the first six months of 2011.
Gross margins on used commercial vehicle sales decreased to 9.2% in the first six months of 2012, from 10.1% in the first six months of 2011.
Gross margins from truck lease and rental sales decreased to 15.6% in the first six months of 2012, from approximately 16.7% in the first six months of 2011.
Finance and insurance revenues and other income, as described above, has limited direct costs and, therefore, contributes a disproportionate share of gross profit.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses increased $39.7 million, or 27.4%, in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011. SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales was 11.4% in the first six months of 2012 and 13.1% in the first six months of 2011.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $3.2 million, or 36.9%, in the first six months of 2012 compared to 2011.
Interest Expense, Net
Net interest expense increased $3.9 million, or 139.7%, in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011.
Income before Income Taxes
Income before income taxes increased $22.8 million, or 71.8%, in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011.
Provision for Income Taxes
Income taxes increased $9.3 million, or 77.2%, in the first six months of 2012, compared to the first six months of 2011. The Company provided for taxes at a 39.0% rate in the first six months of 2012, compared to a rate of 38.0% in the first six months of 2011.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company’s short-term cash requirements are primarily for working capital, inventory financing, the improvement and expansion of existing facilities and the construction or purchase of new facilities. Historically, these cash requirements have been met through the retention of profits, borrowings under our floor plan arrangements and bank financings. As of June 30, 2012, the Company had working capital of approximately $220.9 million, including $169.0 million in cash available to fund our operations. The Company believes that these funds are sufficient to meet any operating requirements for at least the next twelve months.
Available cash is generally invested in variable interest rate instruments in accordance with the Company’s investment policy, which is to invest excess funds in a manner that will provide maximum preservation and safety of principal. The portfolio is maintained to meet anticipated liquidity needs of the Company in order to ensure the availability of cash to meet the Company’s obligations and to minimize potential liquidation losses. As of June 30, 2012, the majority of excess cash is maintained in a depository account or invested in a money market fund that invests exclusively in U.S. Treasury bills, notes and other obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury, and repurchase agreements collateralized by such obligations.
The Company has a secured line of credit that provides for a maximum borrowing of $10.0 million. There were no advances outstanding under this secured line of credit at June 30, 2012, however, $7.7 million was pledged to secure various letters of credit related to self-insurance products, leaving $2.3 million available for future borrowings as of June 30, 2012.
The Company’s long-term real estate debt agreements require the Company to satisfy various financial ratios such as the debt to worth ratio, leverage ratio and the fixed charge coverage ratio and certain requirements for tangible net worth and GAAP net worth. As of June 30, 2012, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants related to debt secured by real estate and its floor plan credit agreement. The Company does not anticipate any breach of the covenants in the foreseeable future.
The Company expects to purchase or lease trucks worth approximately $115.0 million for its leasing operations in 2012, depending on customer demand, all of which will be financed. The Company also expects to make capital expenditures for recurring items such as computers, shop tools and equipment and vehicles of approximately $12.0 million to $18.0 million during 2012.
The Company is currently under contract to construct a dealership facility in Ardmore, Oklahoma at an estimated cost of $4.9 million. The construction project is estimated to continue through the first quarter of 2013.
The Company currently anticipates funding its capital expenditures relating to the improvement and expansion of existing facilities and recurring expenses, as well as a portion of the construction or purchase of new facilities through its operating cash flow. The Company may finance 70% to 80% of the appraised value of any newly constructed or purchased facilities, which would increase the Company’s cash and cash equivalents by that amount.
The Company has no other material commitments for capital expenditures as of June 30, 2012, except that the Company will continue to purchase vehicles for its lease and rental division and authorize capital expenditures for improvement and expansion of its existing dealership facilities and construction or purchase of new facilities based on market opportunities.
Cash Flows
Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $38.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2012 and decreased by $22.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2011. The major components of these changes are discussed below.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash flows from operating activities include net income adjusted for non-cash items and the effects of changes in working capital. During the first six months of 2012, operating activities resulted in net cash used in operations of $67.2 million. Cash used in operating activities was primarily impacted by the increase in inventories and the decrease in accrued expenses which was offset by the increase in accounts payable and draws on floor plan notes payable - trade.
During the first six months of 2011, operating activities resulted in net cash used in operations of $36.0 million.
In June 2012, the Company entered into a wholesale financing agreement with Ford Motor Credit Company that provides for the financing of, and is collateralized by, the Company’s Ford new vehicle inventory. This wholesale financing agreement bears interest at a rate of Prime plus 150 basis points minus certain incentives and rebates; however, the prime rate is defined to be a minimum of 3.75%. As of June 30, 2012, the interest rate on the wholesale financing agreement was 5.25% before considering the applicable incentives. As of June 30, 2012, the Company had an outstanding balance of $36.1 million under the Ford Motor Credit Company wholesale financing agreement.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash flows used in investing activities consist primarily of cash used for capital expenditures and business acquisitions. During the first six months of 2012, cash used in investing activities was $78.2 million. Capital expenditures consisted of purchases of property and equipment and improvements to our existing dealership facilities of $78.5 million. Property and equipment purchases during the first six months of 2012 consisted of $69.9 million for additional units for rental and leasing operations, which will be directly offset by borrowings of long-term debt. The Company expects to purchase or lease trucks worth approximately $115.0 million for its leasing operations in 2012, depending on customer demand, all of which will be financed. During 2012, the Company expects to make capital expenditures for recurring items such as computers, shop equipment and vehicles of approximately $12.0 to $18.0 million.
During the first six months of 2011, cash used in investing activities was $109.8 million. Capital expenditures consisted of purchases of property and equipment and improvements to our existing dealership facilities of $60.8 million. Property and equipment purchases during the first six months of 2011 consisted of $30.4 million for additional units for rental and leasing operations, which was directly offset by borrowings of long-term debt, $16.0 million for transportation equipment and $4.5 million related to the SAP software implementation, including capitalized interest.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Cash flows from financing activities include borrowings and repayments of long-term debt and net proceeds of floor plan notes payable – non-trade. Cash provided by financing activities was $106.6 million during the first six months of 2012. The Company had borrowings of long-term debt of $63.9 million and repayments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations of $40.6 million during the first six months of 2012. The Company had net draws on floor plan notes payable – non-trade of $77.9 million during the first six months of 2012. The borrowings of long-term debt were primarily related to units for the rental and leasing operations.
Cash provided by financing activities was $123.2 million during the first six months of 2011. The Company had borrowings of long-term debt of $45.9 million and repayments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations of $40.8 million during the first six months of 2011. The Company had net draws on floor plan notes payable – non-trade of $114.7 million during the first six months of 2011. The borrowings of long-term debt were primarily related to units for the rental and leasing operations.
Substantially all of the Company’s commercial vehicle purchases are made on terms requiring payment within 15 days or less from the date the commercial vehicles are invoiced from the factory. On January 31, 2012, the Company entered into an amended and restated $600.0 million credit agreement with GE Capital. The interest rate under the amended credit agreement is LIBOR plus 2.23% on inventory loans up to $500.0 million and LIBOR plus 2.95% on inventory loans exceeding $500.0 million. The amended credit agreement allows the Company to prepay inventory loans, provided that the prepayment does not exceed the sum of 38% of the aggregate inventory loans made up to $500.0 million plus 100% of the inventory loans above $500.0 million. GE Capital may terminate this credit agreement without cause upon 120 days notice. The Company makes monthly interest payments to GE Capital on the amount financed, but is not required to commence loan principal repayments on any vehicle until such vehicle had been financed for 12 months or was sold. On June 30, 2012, the Company had approximately $583.8 million outstanding under its credit agreement with GE Capital.
Navistar Financial Corporation and Peterbilt offer wholesale new vehicle inventory financing programs that provide an interest free financing period, which varies depending on the commercial vehicle purchased. If the commercial vehicle financed is not sold within the interest free finance period, the Company transfers the financed commercial vehicle to the GE Capital credit agreement.
Backlog
On June 30, 2012, the Company’s backlog of commercial vehicle orders was approximately $753.2 million compared to a backlog of commercial vehicle orders of approximately $705.7 million on June 30, 2011. The Company includes only confirmed orders in its backlog. The delivery time for a custom-ordered commercial vehicle varies depending on the truck specifications and demand for the particular model ordered, however, the Company expects to fill the majority of its backlog orders during 2012. The Company sells the majority of its new commercial vehicles by customer special order, with the remainder sold out of inventory. Orders from a number of the Company’s major fleet customers are included in the Company’s backlog as of June 30, 2012.
Seasonality
The Company’s Truck Segment is moderately seasonal. Seasonal effects on new commercial vehicle sales related to the seasonal purchasing patterns of any single customer type are mitigated by the diverse geographic locations of our dealerships and the Company’s diverse customer base, including regional and national fleets, local governments, corporations and owner operators. However, commercial vehicle parts and service operations historically have experienced higher sales volumes in the second and third quarters.
Cyclicality
The Company’s business is dependent on a number of factors relating to general economic conditions, including fuel prices, interest rate fluctuations, credit availability, economic recessions, environmental and other government regulations and customer business cycles. Unit sales of new commercial vehicles have historically been subject to substantial cyclical variation based on these general economic conditions. For example, according to data published by A.C.T. Research, in recent years total U.S. retail sales of new Class 8 trucks have ranged from a low of approximately 97,000 in 2009 to a high of approximately 291,000 in 2006. Through geographic expansion, concentration on higher margin parts and service operations and diversification of its customer base, the Company believes it has reduced the negative impact on the Company’s earnings of adverse general economic conditions or cyclical trends affecting the heavy-duty truck industry.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Other than operating leases, the Company does not have any obligation under any transaction, agreement or other contractual arrangement to which an entity unconsolidated with the Company is a party, that has or is reasonably likely to have a material effect on the Company's financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
Environmental Standards and Other Governmental Regulations
The Company is subject to a wide range of federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, including those governing discharges into the air and water; the operation and removal of underground and aboveground storage tanks; the use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, petroleum and other materials; and the investigation and remediation of contamination. As with commercial vehicle dealerships generally, and service, parts and body shop operations in particular, our business involves the generation, use, storage, handling and contracting for recycling or disposal of hazardous materials or wastes and other environmentally sensitive materials. The Company has incurred, and will continue to incur, capital and operating expenditures and other costs in complying with such laws and regulations.
Our operations involving the handling and disposal of hazardous and nonhazardous materials are subject to the requirements of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA, and comparable state statutes. Pursuant to these laws, federal and state environmental agencies have established approved methods for handling, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of regulated substances and wastes with which the Company must comply. Our business also involves the operation and use of above ground and underground storage tanks. These storage tanks are subject to periodic testing, containment, upgrading and removal under RCRA and comparable state statutes. Furthermore, investigation or remediation may be necessary in the event of leaks or other discharges from current or former underground or aboveground storage tanks.
The Company may also have liability in connection with materials that were sent to third-party recycling, treatment, or disposal facilities under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, and comparable state statutes. These statutes impose liability for investigation and remediation of contamination without regard to fault or the legality of the conduct that contributed to the contamination. Responsible parties under these statutes may include the owner or operator of the site where contamination occurred and companies that disposed or arranged for the disposal of the hazardous substances released at these sites. These responsible parties also may be liable for damages to natural resources. In addition, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other pollutants into the environment.
The federal Clean Water Act and comparable state statutes prohibit discharges of pollutants into regulated waters without the necessary permits, require containment of potential discharges of oil or hazardous substances, and require preparation of spill contingency plans. Water quality protection programs govern certain discharges from some of our operations. Similarly, the federal Clean Air Act and comparable state statutes regulate emissions of various air pollutants through air emissions permitting programs and the imposition of other requirements. In addition, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, has developed, and continues to develop, stringent regulations governing emissions of toxic air pollutants from specified sources.
In 2010, the EPA and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) announced the first national standards to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve fuel efficiency of heavy-duty trucks and buses beginning in model year 2014. The final rules, which were issued on September 15, 2011, begin to apply in 2014 and are fully implemented in model year 2017.
It is not possible at this time to accurately predict how the foregoing proposed standards, future legislation or other new regulations that may be adopted to address greenhouse gas emissions will impact our business. Any regulations will likely result in increased compliance costs, additional operating restrictions or changes in demand for our products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.
The Company believes that it does not currently have any material environmental liabilities and that compliance with environmental laws and regulations will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, soil and groundwater contamination is known to exist at some of our current properties. Further, environmental laws and regulations are complex and subject to change. In addition, in connection with acquisitions, it is possible that the Company will assume or become subject to new or unforeseen environmental costs or liabilities, some of which may be material. In connection with our dispositions, or prior dispositions made by companies we acquire, the Company may retain exposure for environmental costs and liabilities, some of which may be material. Compliance with current or amended, or new or more stringent, laws or regulations, stricter interpretations of existing laws or the future discovery of environmental conditions could require additional expenditures by us, and those expenditures could be material.