1.	The Company and Basis of Presentation

 

Viveve Medical, Inc. (“Viveve Medical”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) competes in the women’s intimate health industry in some countries by marketing the Viveve System as a way to improve the overall well-being and quality of life of women suffering from vaginal introital laxity, for improved sexual function, or stress urinary incontinence, depending on the relevant country-specific clearance or approval.  In the United States, the Viveve System is currently indicated for use in general surgical procedures for electrocoagulation and hemostasis.

 

Public Offerings

 

On February 12, 2018, in connection with the closing of a public offering (the “February 2018 Offering”), the Company issued an aggregate of 11,500,000 shares of common stock, including the shares issued in connection with the exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, at a public offering price of $3.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $34,500,000. The net proceeds to the Company, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, were approximately $32,213,000.  

 

The Company established an “at-the-market” equity offering program through the filing of a prospectus supplement to its shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was filed on November 8, 2017, under which the Company may offer and sell, from time-to-time, up to $25,000,000 aggregate offering price of shares of its common stock (the “November 2017 ATM Facility”). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company sold 65,252 shares and 273,529 shares of common stock under the November 2017 ATM Facility for net proceeds of approximately $172,000 and $1,183,000. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has sold 332,778 shares of common stock under the November 2017 ATM Facility for net proceeds of approximately $1,308,000.

 

On March 22, 2017, in connection with the closing of a public offering (the “March 2017 Offering”), the Company issued an aggregate of 8,625,000 shares of common stock, including the shares issued in connection with the exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, at a public offering price of $4.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $34,500,000. The net proceeds to the Company, after the deduction of underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses, were approximately $31,440,000. 

  

Interim Unaudited Financial Information

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Viveve Medical have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements have been included.

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2018. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2018 or any future interim period.

 

2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Financial Statement Presentation

 

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Viveve, Inc. and Viveve BV. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

  

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. In addition, any change in these estimates or their related assumptions could have an adverse effect on our operating results. 

  

 

Changes in Accounting Policies

 

Except for the changes for the adoption of the new revenue recognition accounting standard, the Company has consistently applied the accounting policies to all periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

Adoption of New Accounting Standard

 

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which created Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605 (“ASC 605”).

 

Previously under ASC 605, revenue from extended assurance warranties was deferred and recognized over the period of the warranty. Under ASC 606, these warranties are not considered a separate performance obligation.  Accordingly, on the transition date, the Company recorded a net cumulative adjustment in accumulated deficit of $177,000, resulting from the release of $195,000 for the amount of extended warranties previously recorded in noncurrent liabilities, offset by $18,000 recorded in accrued liabilities for future costs associated with the assurance-type extended warranties.

 

The details for the impact of the adoption of ASC 606 are provided below:

 

		Balance as of December 31, 2017				Adjustment Due to Adoption of ASC 606					Balance as of January 1, 2018
Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Liabilities
Accrued liabilities		$	4,605			$	18		(1)		$	4,623
Other noncurrent liabilities		$	327			$	(195	)	(2)		$	132
Equity
Accumulated deficit		$	(105,581	)		$	177		(3)		$	(105,404	)

 

	(1)	Change relates to future costs associated with extended warranties required to be recorded on adoption of ASC 606.
	(2)	Change relates to long-term deferred revenue related to the extended warranties not required to be recorded under ASC 606.
	(3)	Change relates to cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption of ASC 606.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less, at the time of purchase, to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited in demand accounts primarily at one financial institution. Deposits in this institution may, from time to time, exceed the federally insured amounts.

 

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

 

To achieve profitable operations, the Company must successfully develop, manufacture, and market its products. There can be no assurance that any such products can be developed or manufactured at an acceptable cost and with appropriate performance characteristics, or that such products will be successfully marketed. These factors could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s financial results, financial position, and future cash flows.

 

 

The Company’s products to date require clearance or approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other international regulatory agencies prior to commencing commercial sales. There can be no assurance that the Company’s products will receive any of these required clearances or approvals or for the indications requested. If the Company was denied such clearances or approvals or if such clearances or approvals were delayed, it would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial results, financial position and future cash flows.

 

The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the medical device industry including, but not limited to, new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations, uncertainty of market acceptance of products, product liability, and the need to obtain additional financing. The Company’s ultimate success is dependent upon its ability to raise additional capital and to successfully develop and market its products.

 

The Company designs, develops, manufactures and markets a medical device that it refers to as the Viveve System, which is intended for the non-invasive treatment of vaginal introital laxity, for improved sexual function, for vaginal rejuvenation, for use in general surgical procedures for electrocoagulation and hemostasis, and stress urinary incontinence, depending on the relevant country-specific clearance or approval. The Viveve System consists of three main components: a RF, or radio frequency, generator housed in a table-top console, a reusable handpiece and a single-use treatment tip. Included with the system are single-use accessories (e.g. RF return pad, coupling fluid), as well as a cryogen canister that can be used for approximately four to five procedures, and a foot pedal. The Company outsources the manufacture and repair of the Viveve System to a single contract manufacturer. Also, certain other components and materials that comprise the device are currently manufactured by a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers. A significant supply interruption or disruption in the operations of the contract manufacturer or these third-party suppliers would adversely impact the production of our products for a substantial period of time, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

 

In North America, the Company sells its products primarily through a direct sales force to health care practitioners. Outside North America, the Company sells through an extensive network of distribution partners. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, one distributor accounted for 13% of the Company’s revenue. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, three distributors together accounted for 37% of the Company’s revenue. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, one distributor accounted for 23% of the Company’s revenue. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, two distributors together accounted for 26% of the Company’s revenue.

 

There were no direct sales customers that accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

As of June 30, 2018, two distributors, collectively, accounted for 49% of total accounts receivable, net. As of December 31, 2017, two distributors, collectively, accounted for 57% of total accounts receivable, net.

 

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

 

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are not interest bearing. Our typical payment terms vary by region and type of customer (distributor or physician). Occasionally, payment terms of up to six months may be granted to customers with an established history of collections without concessions. Should we grant payment terms greater than six months or terms that are not in accordance with established history for similar arrangements, revenue would be recognized as payments become due and payable assuming all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company makes ongoing assumptions relating to the collectibility of its accounts receivable in its calculation of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In determining the amount of the allowance, the Company makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluations and assesses current economic trends affecting its customers that might impact the level of credit losses in the future and result in different rates of bad debts than previously seen. The Company also considers its historical level of credit losses. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $253,000 as of June 30, 2018 and $221,000 as of December 31, 2017.

    

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenue consists primarily of the sale of the Viveve System, single-use treatment tips and ancillary consumables. The Company applies the following five steps: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company considers customer purchase orders to be the contracts with a customer. Revenues, net of expected discounts, are recognized when the performance obligations of the contract with the customer are satisfied and when control of the promised goods are transferred to the customer, typically when products, which have been determined to be the only distinct performance obligations, are shipped to the customer. Expected costs of assurance warranties and claims are recognized as expense. Revenue is recognized net of any sales taxes from the sale of the products.

 

 

Sales of our products are subject to regulatory requirements that vary from country to country. The Company has regulatory clearance for differing indications, or can sell its products without a clearance, in many countries throughout the world, including countries within the following regions: North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia Pacific. In North America, we market and sell primarily through a direct sales force. Outside of North America, we market and sell primarily through distribution partners.

 

The Company does not provide its customers with a right of return.

 

Customer Advance Payments

 

From time to time, customers will pay for a portion of the products ordered in advance.  Upon receipt of such payments, the Company records the customer advance payment as a component of accrued liabilities.  The Company will remove the customer advance payment from accrued liabilities when revenue is recognized upon shipment of the products. 

 

Contract Assets and Liabilities

 

The Company continually evaluates whether the revenue generating activities and advanced payment arrangements with customers result in the recognition of contract assets or liabilities. No such assets existed as of June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017. The Company had customer contract liabilities in the amount of $182,000 primarily related to marketing programs that performance had not yet been delivered to its customers as of June 30, 2018. No such contract liabilities existed as of December 31, 2017. Separately, accounts receivable, net represents receivables from contracts with customers.

 

Significant Financing Component

 

The Company applies the practical expedient to not make any adjustment for a significant financing component if, at contract inception, the Company does not expect the period between customer payment and transfer of control of the promised goods or services to the customer to exceed one year. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company did not have any contracts for the sale of its products with its customers with a significant financing component.

 

Contract Costs  

 

The Company has elected the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company expensed the incremental costs of obtaining the contract as an expense when incurred as the amortization period was one year or less.

 

Shipping and Handling

 

Shipping costs billed to customers are recorded as revenue. Shipping and handling expense related to costs incurred to deliver product are recognized within cost of goods sold. The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities that occur after control has transferred as a fulfillment cost as opposed to a separate performance obligation, and the costs of shipping and handling are recognized concurrently with the related revenue.

 

 

In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on our consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):

 

		For three months ended June 30, 2018													For six months ended June 30, 2018
		As Reported				Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606				Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)					As Reported				Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606				Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Consolidated Statement of Operations
Revenue		$	5,525			$	5,405			$	120		(1)		$	9,224			$	8,894			$	330		(1)
Cost of revenue		$	2,711			$	2,705			$	6		(2)		$	5,063			$	5,048			$	15		(2)
Gross profit		$	2,814			$	2,700			$	114		(3)		$	4,161			$	3,846			$	315		(3)
Loss from operations		$	(10,295	)		$	(10,409	)		$	114		(3)		$	(21,635	)		$	(21,950	)		$	315		(3)
Comprehensive and net loss		$	(11,516	)		$	(11,630	)		$	114		(3)		$	(24,185	)		$	(24,500	)		$	315		(3)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted		$	(0.37	)		$	(0.37	)		$	-				$	(0.85	)		$	(0.86	)		$	0.01

 

(1)

Change relates to revenue from extended assurance warranties for which no deferral is required on the adoption of ASC 606.

(2)

Change relates to the future costs associated with extended assurance warranties required to be recorded on the adoption of ASC 606.

(3)

Change relates to the net gain adjustment on the adoption of ASC 606.

  

		As of June 30, 2018
		As Reported				Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606				Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Liabilities
Accrued liabilities		$	5,258			$	5,302			$	44		(1)
Other noncurrent liabilities		$	305			$	753			$	448		(2)
Equity
Accumulated deficit		$	(129,589	)		$	(130,081	)		$	(492	)	(3)

 

(1)

Change relates to future costs associated with extended warranties required to be recorded on the adoption of ASC 606, partially offset by the current portion of deferred revenue in connection with the extended warranties not required to be recorded under ASC 606.

(2)

Change relates to noncurrent portion of deferred revenue in connection with the extended warranties not required to be recorded under ASC 606.

(3)

Change relates to $177,000 cumulative effect adjustment on the adoption of ASC 606 and the net gain adjustment of $315,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

 

Revenue by Geographic Area:  

 

Management has determined that the sales by geography is a key indicator for understanding the Company’s financials because of the different sales and business models that are required in the various regions of the world (including regulatory, selling channels, pricing, customers and marketing efforts).

 

 

The following table presents the revenue from unaffiliated customers disaggregated by geographic area for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

 

		Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
		June 30,								June 30,
		2018				2017				2018				2017
United States		$	4,552			$	1,895			$	7,158			$	3,791
Asia Pacific			630				690				1,521				1,433
Europe and Middle East			329				456				531				568
Latin America			14				35				14				325
Total		$	5,525			$	3,076			$	9,224			$	6,117

 

The Company determines geographic location of its revenue based upon the destination of the shipments of its products.

 

Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

 

The Company uses the equity method to account for its investments in entities that it does not control but have the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee. Equity method investments are recorded at original cost and adjusted periodically to recognize (1) the proportionate share of the investees’ net income or losses after the date of investment, (2) additional contributions made and dividends or distributions received, and (3) impairment losses resulting from adjustments to net realizable value. The Company eliminates all intercompany transactions in accounting for equity method investments. The Company records the proportionate share of the investees’ net income or losses in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We utilize a three-month lag in reporting equity income from our investments, adjusted for known amounts and events, when the investee’s financial information is not available timely or when the investee’s reporting period differs from our reporting period.

 

The Company assesses the potential impairment of the equity method investments when indicators such as a history of operating losses, a negative earnings and cash flow outlook, and the financial condition and prospects for the investee’s business segment might indicate a loss in value. The carrying value of the investments are reviewed annually for changes in circumstances or the occurrence of events that suggest the investment may not be recoverable. No impairment charges have been recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

 

Product Warranty

 

The Company’s products are generally subject to warranties between one and three years, which provides for the repair, rework or replacement of products (at the Company’s option) that fail to perform within stated specifications. The Company has assessed the historical claims and, to date, product warranty claims have not been significant.

   

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

 

Share-based compensation cost is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the employee’s service period. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

 

We determined that the Black-Scholes option pricing model is the most appropriate method for determining the estimated fair value for stock options and purchase rights under the employee stock purchase plan. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions which determine the fair value of share-based awards, including the option’s expected term and the price volatility of the underlying stock.

 

Equity instruments issued to nonemployees are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date and are subject to periodic adjustment as the underlying equity instruments vest.

 

Comprehensive Loss

 

Comprehensive loss represents the changes in equity of an enterprise, other than those resulting from stockholder transactions. Accordingly, comprehensive loss may include certain changes in equity that are excluded from net loss. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s comprehensive loss is the same as its net loss. 

 

 

Net Loss per Share

 

The Company’s basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. For purposes of this calculation, stock options and warrants to purchase common stock and restricted common stock awards are considered common stock equivalents. For periods in which the Company has reported net losses, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive.

 

The following securities were excluded from the calculation of net loss per share because the inclusion would be anti-dilutive. 

 

		Six Months Ended
		June 30,
		2018				2017
Stock options to purchase common stock			4,209,355				2,287,572
Warrants to purchase common stock			642,622				642,622
Restricted common stock awards			66,250				6,250

 

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

 

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. The Company has revised the classification in the consolidated statements of cash flows to report other noncurrent liabilities as a separate line item for the six months ended June 30, 2018. This resulted in a decrease in the amount previously reported for accrued and other liabilities of $53,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

 

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards

 

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. Under this guidance, an entity is required to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. This guidance offers specific accounting guidance for a lessee, a lessor and sale and leaseback transactions. Lessees and lessors are required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements to enable a user of the financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within the reporting period, and requires a modified retrospective adoption, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect of the adoption of this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230)”. This guidance addresses specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the diversity in practice for the treatment of these issues. The areas identified include: debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies; distributions received from equity method investees; beneficial interests in securitization transactions and application of the predominance principle with respect to separately identifiable cash flows. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and the adoption of the guidance did not have a significant impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

  

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows, Restricted Cash (Topic 230)”. This guidance requires that a statement of cash flows explain the total change during the period of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period to total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and the adoption of the guidance did not have a significant impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Scope of Modification Accounting”. This pronouncement provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award may require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and the adoption of the guidance did not have a significant impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2016-07, “Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. The intent of this guidance is to simplify the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment accounting. The amendments in this guidance expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. Consistent with the accounting requirement for employee share-based payment awards, nonemployee share-based payment awards within the scope of Topic 718 are measured at grant-date fair value of the equity instruments that an entity is obligated to issue when the good has been delivered or the service has been rendered and any other conditions necessary to earn the right to benefit from the instruments have been satisfied. Equity-classified nonemployee share-based payment awards are measured at the grant date. Consistent with the accounting for employee share-based payment awards, an entity considers the probability of satisfying performance conditions when nonemployee share-based payment awards contain such conditions. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within the reporting period. We are currently evaluating the effect of the adoption of this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

We have reviewed other recent accounting pronouncements and concluded they are either not applicable to the business, or no material effect is expected on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption.

 

3.	Fair Value Measurements

 

The Company recognizes and discloses the fair value of its assets and liabilities using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to valuations based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to valuations based upon unobservable inputs that are significant to the valuation (Level 3 measurements). Each level of input has different levels of subjectivity and difficulty involved in determining fair value.

 

	Level 1	Inputs used to measure fair value are unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Therefore, determining fair value for Level 1 investments generally does not require significant judgment, and the estimation is not difficult.
	Level 2	Pricing is provided by third party sources of market information obtained through investment advisors. The Company does not adjust for or apply any additional assumptions or estimates to the pricing information received from its advisors.
	Level 3	Inputs used to measure fair value are unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions. The determination of fair value for Level 3 instruments involves the most management judgment and subjectivity.

 

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability. 

  

There were no financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

 

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses as of June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017 approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. Based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms, the carrying value of the note payable approximates fair value. 

 

There were no changes in valuation techniques from prior periods.

 

 

 

4.	Investment in Limited Liability Company

 

On August 8, 2017, the Company entered into an exclusive Distributorship Agreement (the “Distributorship Agreement”) with InControl Medical, LLC (“ICM”), a Wisconsin limited liability company focused on women's health, pursuant to which the Company will directly market, promote, distribute and sell ICM’s products to licensed medical professional offices and hospitals in North America.

 

Under the terms of the Distributorship Agreement, ICM agreed to not directly or indirectly appoint or authorize any third party to market, promote, distribute or sell any of the licensed products to any licensed medical professional offices and hospitals in the United States. In exchange, the Company agreed to not market, promote, distribute or sell (or contract to do so) any product which substantially replicates all or almost all of the key features of the licensed products. The Company has a minimum purchase requirement to purchase a certain quantity of ICM products per month during the term of this Distributorship Agreement. In addition, the parties agreed to certain mutual marketing obligations to promote sales of the licensed products. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has purchased approximately 2,700 units of ICM products. The Company paid ICM approximately $63,000 and $143,000 for product related costs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.   

 

In connection with the Distributorship Agreement, the Company also entered into a Membership Unit Subscription Agreement with ICM and the associated limited liability company operating agreement of ICM, pursuant to which the Company invested $2,500,000 in, and acquired membership units of, ICM. This investment has been recorded in investment in a limited liability company in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company used the equity method to account for the investment in ICM because the Company does not control it but has the ability to exercise significant influence over it. As of June 30, 2018, the Company owns approximately 11% ownership interest in ICM. The Company recognizes its allocated portion of ICM’s results of operations on a three-month lag due to the timing of financial information. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the allocated net loss from ICM’s operations was $158,000 and $407,000, respectively that was recorded as loss from minority interest in limited liability company in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

5.	Accrued Liabilities

 

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands): 

 

		June 30,				December 31,
		2018				2017
Accrued sales commission		$	1,550			$	1,067
Accrued professional fees			762				562
Accrued interest			662				447
Accrued bonuses			613				1,597
Accrued payroll and other related expenses			521				488
Travel and entertainment			272				156
Customer contracts liabilities			182				-
Accrued sales & use tax			161				149
Other accruals			535				139
Total accrued liabilities		$	5,258			$	4,605

 

6.	Note Payable

  

On June 20, 2016, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement, as amended January 13, 2017 (the “2016 Loan Agreement”) with Western Alliance Bank (“WAB”), pursuant to which WAB agreed to loan the Company up to an aggregate of $10,000,000 payable in two tranches of $7,500,000 and $2,500,000. The funding conditions for both tranches were satisfied as of the closing date, and therefore, the aggregate principal amount of $10,000,000 was provided on June 20, 2016. The terms of the loan also required the Company to meet certain financial and other covenants in connection with the 2016 Loan Agreement. In addition to all outstanding principal and accrued interest on the term loan, the terms of the loan required the Company to pay a final payment fee equal to 4.00% of the original principal amount of the term loan. All borrowings under the 2016 Loan Agreement were collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets, including intellectual property. The outstanding principal balance and accrued interest related to this note payable were repaid in May 2017.

 

In connection with the 2016 Loan Agreement, the Company issued a 10-year warrant to WAB to purchase a total of 100,402 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $4.98 per share (See Note 8). 

 

 

On May 22, 2017, the Company entered into a Term Loan Agreement (the “2017 Loan Agreement”) with affiliates of CRG LP (“CRG”). The credit facility consists of $20,000,000 drawn at closing and access to additional funding of up to an aggregate of $10,000,000 for a total of $30,000,000 available under the credit facility. On December 29, 2017, the Company accessed the remaining $10,000,000 available under the credit facility.

 

A portion of the initial loan proceeds were used to repay all of the amounts owed by the Company under its 2016 Loan Agreement with WAB. The remainder of the loan proceeds (after deducting loan origination costs and other fees and expenses incurred in connection with the 2017 Loan Agreement), plus any additional amounts that may be borrowed in the future, will be used for general corporate purposes and working capital.

 

The 2017 Loan Agreement has a six-year term with four years of interest-only payments after which quarterly principal and interest payments will be due through the maturity date. Amounts borrowed under the 2017 Loan Agreement accrue interest at an annual fixed rate of 12.5%, 4.0% of which may, at the election of the Company, be paid in-kind during the interest-only period by adding such accrued amount to the principal loan amount each quarter. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company paid interest in-kind of $311,000 and $616,000, respectively, which was added to the total outstanding principal loan amount as of June 30, 2018. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company paid interest in-kind of $80,000. The Company is also required to pay CRG a final payment fee upon repayment of the loans in full equal to 5.0% of the sum of the aggregate principal amount plus the deferred interest added to the principal loan amount during the interest-only period. The Company accounts for the final payment fee by accruing the fee over the term of the loan using the effective interest rate method. As of June 30, 2018, interest accrued related to the final payment fee in the amount of $305,000 was included in other noncurrent liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

 

The Company may prepay all or a portion of the outstanding principal and accrued unpaid interest under the 2017 Loan Agreement at any time upon prior notice to CRG, subject to a prepayment fee during the first five years of the term (which reduces each year) and no prepayment fee thereafter.

 

As security for its obligations under the 2017 Loan Agreement, the Company entered into security agreements with CRG whereby the Company granted CRG a lien on substantially all of the Company’s assets, including intellectual property.

  

The terms of the 2017 Loan Agreement also require the Company to meet certain financial and other covenants. These covenants require the Company to maintain cash and cash equivalents of $2.0 million and, each year through the end of 2022, to meet a minimum total annual revenue threshold. In the event that the Company does not meet the minimum total annual revenue threshold for a particular year, then the Company can retroactively cure the shortfall by either issuing additional equity in exchange for cash or incurring certain additional permitted indebtedness, in each case, in an amount equal to 2.0 times the shortfall. Any such amounts shall be applied to prepay the loans. The 2017 Loan Agreement also contains customary affirmative and negative covenants for a credit facility of this size and type, including covenants that limit or restrict the Company’s ability to, among other things, incur indebtedness, grant liens, merge or consolidate, dispose of assets, make investments, make acquisitions, enter into transactions with affiliates, pay dividends or make distributions, license intellectual property rights on an exclusive basis or repurchase stock, in each case subject to customary exceptions. As of June 30, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

 

In connection with the 2017 Loan Agreement, the Company issued two 10-year warrants to CRG to purchase a total of 222,049 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $9.50 per share (See Note 8). 

   

As of June 30, 2018, future minimum payments under the note payable are as follows (in thousands): 

 

Year Ending December 31,
2018 (remaining six months)		$	1,359
2019			2,778
2020			2,901
2021			16,672
2022			19,306
Thereafter			6,221
Total payments			49,237
Less: Amount representing interest			(18,125	)
Present value of obligations			31,112
Less: Unamortized debt discount			(1,388	)
Note payable, noncurrent portion		$	29,724

 

 

 

7.	Commitments and Contingencies

 

Operating Lease

 

In January 2012, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office and laboratory facilities in Sunnyvale, California. The lease agreement, as amended, commenced in March 2012 and terminated in April 2018.

 

On February 1, 2017, the Company entered into a sublease agreement (the “Sublease”) for approximately 12,400 square feet of building space for the relocation of the Company’s corporate headquarters to Englewood, Colorado (the “Sublease Premises”), which was effective as of January 26, 2017. The lease term commenced on June 1, 2017 and will terminate in May 2020. We relocated our corporate headquarters from Sunnyvale, California to Englewood, Colorado in June 2017.

  

The monthly base rent under the Sublease is equal to $20.50 per rentable square foot of the Sublease Premises during the first year. The monthly base rent is equal to $21.12 and $21.75 per rentable square foot during the second and third years, respectively. In connection with the execution of the Sublease, the Company also agreed to pay a security deposit of approximately $22,000. The Company is entitled to an allowance of approximately $88,000 for certain tenant improvements relating to the engineering, design and construction of the Sublease Premises. 

 

Rent expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $90,000 and $94,000, respectively. Rent expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $228,000 and $167,000, respectively.

 

As of June 30, 2018, future minimum payments under the leases are as follows (in thousands):      

 

Year Ending December 31,
2018 (remaining six months)		$	130
2019			264
2020			112
Total minimum lease payments		$	506

 

Indemnification Agreements

 

The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, in connection with performance of services within the scope of the agreement, breach of the agreement by the Company, or noncompliance of regulations or laws by the Company, in all cases provided the indemnified party has not breached the agreement and/or the loss is not attributable to the indemnified party’s negligence or willful malfeasance. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual any time after the execution of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these arrangements is not determinable. The Company has never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these agreements is minimal. 

 

Loss Contingencies

 

The Company is or has been subject to proceedings, lawsuits and other claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company evaluates contingent liabilities, including threatened or pending litigation, for potential losses. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, accruals are based upon the best information available. For potential losses for which there is a reasonable possibility (meaning the likelihood is more than remote but less than probable) that a loss exists, the Company will disclose an estimate of the potential loss or range of such potential loss or include a statement that an estimate of the potential loss cannot be made. As additional information becomes available, the Company reassesses the potential liability related to pending claims and litigation and may revise its estimates, which could materially impact its condensed consolidated financial statements.  Management does not believe that the outcome of any outstanding legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

On March 11, 2016, the Company filed a demand for Arbitration with the American Arbitration Association ("AAA") against a former employee asserting common law and statutory negligence claims against the former employee arising from the former employee's negligent performance of certain work duties. The demand seeks damages for lost profits, along with attorney's fees, interest, and costs. The former employee filed a counterclaim in the proceeding, alleging discrimination, retaliation, wrongful termination, and various claims for alleged wage and hour violations under the California Labor Code, stemming from the cessation of her employment with the Company. The former employee seeks damages for lost wages, punitive damages, statutory penalties, injunctive relief, and attorney’s fees, interest and costs.

 

 

On June 4, 2018, the Company entered into a Settlement and License Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with ThermiGen LLC and ThermiAesthetics LLC (“ThermiGen,” collectively) as well as Red Alinsod, M.D. resolving the Company’s patent litigation against ThermiGen and Dr. Alinsod. The litigation arose from the Company’s claim that ThermiGen and Dr. Alinsod were improperly using the Company’s patented technology without consent. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the parties agreed to resolve all currently pending disputes between them.

 

Under the terms of the Settlement Agreement, the Company received an initial monetary payment to settle the litigation and past claims and an on-going royalty for future sales. Viveve granted to ThermiGen a non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the Company’s U.S. patent for the current version of ThermiGen’s ThermiVa system (which includes RF generators and consumables). The Company has recorded the monetary payment as a gain on litigation settlement in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

 

8.	Common Stock

 

On June 8, 2018, the Company issued 100,000 restricted shares of its common stock at a value of $2.56 a share, or an aggregate value of approximately $256,000.

 

On February 12, 2018, in connection with the closing of the February 2018 Offering, the Company issued an aggregate of 11,500,000 shares of common stock, including the shares issued in connection with the exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, at a public offering price of $3.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $34,500,000. The net proceeds to the Company, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, were approximately $32,213,000.  

 

Through the November 2017 ATM Facility, the Company may offer and sell, from time-to-time, up to $25,000,000 aggregate offering price of shares of its common stock. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company sold 65,252 shares and 273,529 shares, respectively, of common stock under the November 2017 ATM Facility for net proceeds of approximately $172,000 and $1,183,000. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has sold 332,778 shares of common stock under the November 2017 ATM Facility for net proceeds of approximately $1,308,000.

   

Warrants for Common Stock

 

As of June 30, 2018, outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock were as follows: 

 

										Number of
										Shares
										Outstanding
		Exercisable		Expiration		Exercise				Under
Issuance Date		for		Date		Price				Warrants
September 2014		Common Shares		September 23, 2019		$	4.24				86,831
October 2014		Common Shares		October 13, 2019		$	4.24				29,000
November 2014		Common Shares		November 12, 2019		$	4.24				12,500
February 2015		Common Shares		February 17, 2025		$	4.00				75,697
March 2015		Common Shares		March 26, 2025		$	2.72				1,454
May 2015		Common Shares		May 12, 2025		$	4.24				36,229
May 2015		Common Shares		May 17, 2020		$	4.24				21,585
December 2015		Common Shares		December 16, 2025		$	5.60				26,875
April 2016		Common Shares		April 1, 2026		$	6.08				25,000
May 2016		Common Shares		May 11, 2021		$	7.74				5,000
June 2016		Common Shares		June 20, 2026		$	4.98				100,402
May 2017		Common Shares		May 25, 2027		$	9.50				222,049
											642,622

 

In connection with the 2016 Loan Agreement, the Company issued a warrant to purchase a total of 100,402 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.98 per share. The Company determined the fair value of the warrant on the date of issuance to be $350,000. The fair value along with legal fees totaling $90,000, was recorded as debt issuance costs and was amortized to interest expense over the loan term. The debt issuance costs were presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as a deduction from the carrying amount of the note payable. The outstanding indebtedness was repaid in May 2017 from the proceeds of the new term loan in connection with the 2017 Loan Agreement and the remaining unamortized balance of debt issuance costs was recorded to interest expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2017. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded $336,000 and $371,000 respectively, of interest expense relating to the debt issuance costs.

 

 

In connection with the 2017 Loan Agreement, the Company issued warrants to purchase a total of 222,049, shares of common stock at an exercise price of $9.50 per share. The warrants have a contractual life of ten years and are exercisable immediately in whole or in part. The Company determined the fair value of the warrants on the date of issuance to be $940,000 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Assumptions used were dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 55.1%, risk free interest rate of 2.25% and a contractual life of ten years. The fair value of the warrants along with financing and legal fees totaling $786,000, are recorded as debt issuance costs and presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a deduction from the carrying amount of the note payable. The debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the loan term. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded $83,000 and $160,000, respectively, of interest expense relating to the debt issuance costs using the effective interest method. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded $38,000 of interest expense relating to the debt issuance costs using the effective interest method. As of June 30, 2018, the unamortized debt discount was $1,388,000.

 

No shares issuable pursuant to warrants have been exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

  

No shares issuable pursuant to warrants have been cancelled during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

  

The stock-based compensation expense related to warrants issued was zero for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

9.	Summary of Stock Options

 

Stock Option Plans

 

The Company has issued equity awards in the form of stock options and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) from two employee benefit plans. The plans include the Viveve Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”) and the Company’s Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”).

 

As of June 30, 2018, there are outstanding stock option awards issued from the 2006 Plan covering a total of 38,378 shares of the Company’s common stock and no shares are available for future awards. The weighted average exercise price of the outstanding stock options is $10.49 per share and the weighted average remaining contractual term is 4.4 years.

 

On December 6, 2017, the board of directors approved the 2018 evergreen provision increasing the total stock reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan by 914,016 shares from 4,000,000 shares to a total of 4,914,016 shares, which was effective January 1, 2018.

 

As of June 30, 2018, there are outstanding stock option awards issued from the 2013 Plan covering a total of 4,170,977 shares of the Company’s common stock and there remain reserved for future awards 486,103 shares of the Company’s common stock. The weighted average exercise price of the outstanding stock options is $4.71 per share, and the remaining contractual term is 8.8 years.

     

 

Activity under the 2006 Plan and the 2013 Plan is as follows:

 

		Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
										Weighted
						Weighted				Average
		Number				Average				Remaining				Aggregate
		of				Exercise				Contractual				Intrinsic
		Shares				Price				Term (years)				Value
Options outstanding, beginning of period			2,694,224			$	5.80				8.6			$	249,154
Options granted			2,023,559			$	3.60
Options exercised			-			$	-
Options canceled			(508,428	)		$	5.66
Options outstanding, end of period			4,209,355			$	4.76				8.8			$	433,626
Vested and exercisable and expected to vest, end of period			3,935,007			$	4.80				8.7			$	392,290
Vested and exercisable, end of period			1,124,400			$	5.65				7.5			$	10,167

 

The aggregate intrinsic value reflects the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock options and the Company’s closing share price as of June 30, 2018.

 

The options outstanding and exercisable as of June 30, 2018 are as follows: 

 

					Options Outstanding												Options Exercisable
													Weighted
					Number				Weighted				Average				Number				Weighted
					Outstanding				Average				Remaining				Exercisable				Average
Range of					as of				Exercise				Contractual				as of				Exercise
Exercise Prices					June 30, 2018				Price				Term (Years)				June 30, 2018				Price
$1.75	-	$1.97				552,500			$	1.94				9.9				12,500			$	1.97
$2.64	-	$2.72				82,500			$	2.67				9.5				9,896			$	2.64
$3.11	-	$3.82				319,376			$	3.63				9.2				55,730			$	3.76
$4.30	-	$4.97				1,477,533			$	4.52				9.0				336,424			$	4.65
$5.01	-	$5.67				822,652			$	5.34				8.7				195,456			$	5.22
$6.00	-	$6.61				567,878			$	6.05				7.6				326,724			$	6.00
$7.00	-	$7.92				348,538			$	7.65				8.2				149,292			$	7.68
	$9.92					38,135			$	9.92				4.4				38,135			$	9.92
$59.60	-	$149.04				243			$	100.46				2.5				243			$	100.46
						4,209,355			$	4.76				8.8				1,124,400			$	5.65

 

Stock Option Modifications

 

On May 30, 2018, under approval by the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company entered in to a Separation and Release Agreement with the former Chief Executive Officer. The provisions of the agreement specify that the stock options previously granted to her will continue to vest through the earlier of the date she ends her consulting services to the Company or December 31, 2018. As of May 30, 2018, these stock options are being accounted for as a non-employee option through the consulting term and are being marked-to-market. Additionally, the former Chief Executive Officer will receive six months of accelerated vesting of the stock options and the post-termination exercise period was extended from three months to one year after the effective date of the agreement. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $97,000 for the incremental value of the accelerated vesting and the change in the exercise period upon the signing of the agreement.

 

 

Restricted Stock Awards

 

In June 2018, the Company granted an RSA for 50,000 shares to a consultant with a weighted average grant date fair value of $3.58 per share, based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the award date. The RSA vests over two years beginning as of the award date. As of June 30, 2018, zero shares were vested and issued.

 

In April 2018, the Company granted RSAs for 14,672 shares of common stock under the 2013 Plan to board members as director compensation with a weighted average grant date fair value of $3.44 per share, based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the award date. The RSAs were fully vested on the date of grant and 14,672 shares of common stock were issued.

 

In January 2018, the Company granted RSAs for 9,637 shares of common stock under the 2013 Plan to board members as director compensation with a weighted average grant date fair value of $5.19 per share, based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the award date. The RSAs were fully vested on the date of grant and 9,637 shares of common stock were issued.

 

In January 2018, the Company granted an RSA for 25,000 shares to a consultant with a weighted average grant date fair value of $5.19 per share, based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the award date. The RSA vests over one year beginning as of the award date. As of June 30, 2018, 18,750 shares were vested and issued.

 

As of June 30, 2018, there are 66,250 shares of unvested restricted stock outstanding that have been granted pursuant to RSAs.

 

2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

 

The second offering period under the Company’s 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2017 ESPP”) began on January 1, 2018 and ended on March 31, 2018, and 20,744 shares were issued on March 29, 2018 at a purchase price of $3.11. The third offering period under the Company’s 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2017 ESPP”) began on April 1, 2018 and ended on June 30, 2018, and 25,618 shares were issued on June 29, 2018 at a purchase price of $2.31.

 

As of June 30, 2018, the remaining shares available for issuance under the 2017 ESPP were 335,744 shares.

 

The Company estimates the fair value of purchase rights under the ESPP using a Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of each purchase right was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and the straight-line attribution approach with the following weighted-average assumptions:

 

		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 30, 2018			June 30, 2018
Expected term (in years)		0.25			0.25
Average volatility		74%			67%
Risk-free interest rate		1.73%			1.58%
Dividend yield		0%			0%

 

The weighted average grant date fair value of the purchase rights issued under the 2017 ESPP during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $0.95 and $1.11, respectively. 

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

During the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted stock options to employees to purchase 570,000 and 185,250 shares of common stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of $1.34 and $3.31 per share, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted stock options to employees to purchase 1,821,171 and 415,110 shares of common stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of $2.32 and $2.56 per share, respectively. There were no stock options exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. A total of 7,730 shares pursuant to stock options issued to employees were exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $30,785, respectively.

 

 

The Company estimated the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of employee stock options is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. The fair value of employee stock options granted was estimated using the following weighted average assumptions:  

 

		Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
		June 30,						June 30,
		2018			2017			2018			2017
Expected term (in years)		5			5			5			5
Average volatility		69%			48%			75%			48%
Risk-free interest rate		2.82%			1.76%			2.63%			1.90%
Dividend yield		0%			0%			0%			0%

 

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company granted stock options to nonemployees to purchase 200,000 and 202,388 shares of common stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of $1.59 and $1.61 respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company granted stock options to nonemployees to purchase 5,875 shares of common stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of $5.11. There were no stock options exercised by nonemployees during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. 

 

The fair value of nonemployee stock options granted was estimated using the following weighted average assumptions: 

 

		Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
		June 30,						June 30,
		2018			2017			2018			2017
Expected term (in years)		10			10			10			10
Average volatility		91%			55%			91%			55%
Risk-free interest rate		2.85%			2.00%			2.85%			2.29%
Dividend yield		0%			0%			0%			0%

 

Option-pricing models require the input of various subjective assumptions, including the option’s expected life and the price volatility of the underlying stock. The expected stock price volatility is based on analysis of the Company’s stock price history over a period commensurate with the expected term of the options, trading volume of comparable companies’ stock, look-back volatilities and the Company specific events that affected volatility in a prior period. The expected term of employee stock options represents the weighted average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is based on the history of exercises and cancellations on all past option grants made by the Company, the contractual term, the vesting period and the expected remaining term of the outstanding options. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury interest rates whose term is consistent with the expected life of the stock options. No dividend yield is included as the Company has not issued any dividends and does not anticipate issuing any dividends in the future.  

  

The following table shows stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

 

		Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
		June 30,								June 30,
		2018				2017				2018				2017
Cost of revenue		$	17			$	4			$	28			$	7
Research and development			65				57				187				108
Selling, general and administrative			694				394				1,314				712
Total		$	776			$	455			$	1,529			$	827

 

As of June 30, 2018, the total unrecognized compensation cost in connection with unvested stock options was approximately $6,341,000. These costs are expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 3.0 years.

    

 

 

10.	Income Taxes

 

No provision for income taxes has been recorded due to the net operating losses incurred from inception to date, for which no benefit has been recorded.

 

For interim periods, the Company estimates its annual effective income tax rate and applies the estimated rate to the year-to-date income or loss before income taxes. The Company also computes the tax provision or benefit related to items reported separately and recognizes the items net of their related tax effect in the interim periods in which they occur. The Company also recognizes the effect of changes in enacted tax laws or rates in the interim periods in which the changes occur.

 

The Company’s effective tax rate is 0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The Company expects that its effective tax rate for the full year 2018 will be 0%.

 

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted a law commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) which makes widespread changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including a reduction in the federal corporate tax rate to 21%, and repatriation of accumulated foreign accumulated earnings and profits, effective January 1, 2018. 

 

11.	Related Party Transactions

 

In June 2006, the Company entered into a Development and Manufacturing Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Stellartech Research Corporation (“Stellartech”). The Agreement was amended on October 4, 2007. Under the Agreement, the Company agreed to purchase 300 generators manufactured by Stellartech. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has purchased 709 units. The price per unit is variable and dependent on the volume and timing of units ordered. In conjunction with the Agreement, Stellartech purchased 37,500 shares of Viveve, Inc.’s common stock. Under the Agreement, the Company paid Stellartech approximately $2,325,000 and $1,681,000 for goods and services during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and approximately $5,598,000 and $3,706,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The amounts due to Stellartech for accounts payable as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were approximately $1,258,000 and $1,380,000, respectively.

 

In connection with the Distributorship Agreement entered into with ICM in August 2017, the Company also entered into a Membership Unit Subscription Agreement with ICM and the Company invested $2,500,000 in ICM. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has purchased approximately 2,700 units of ICM products. The Company paid ICM approximately $63,000 and $143,000 for product related costs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The amounts due to ICM for the accounts payable as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were approximately $22,000 and $28,000, respectively.