Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

Enservco Corporation (“Enservco”) through its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”, “we” or “us”) provides various services to the domestic onshore oil and natural gas industry. These services include frac water heating (completion services) and hot oiling and acidizing (production services).

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of Enservco Corporation, Heat Waves Hot Oil Service LLC (“Heat Waves”), Dillco Fluid Service, Inc. (“Dillco”), Heat Waves Water Management LLC (“HWWM”), and Adler Hot Oil Service, LLC ("Adler") (collectively, the “Company”) as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

The below table provides an overview of the Company’s current ownership hierarchy:

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all of the normal and recurring adjustments necessary to fairly present the interim financial information set forth herein have been included. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results of a full year or of future years.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and follow the same accounting policies and methods of their application as the most recent annual financial statements. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related footnotes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Enservco Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2019. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Going Concern

Our financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis, which contemplates the continuity of normal business activities and the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. We incurred a net loss of $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and have incurred a net loss of $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. As of the balance sheet date of this report we had total current liabilities of $41.8 million, which exceeded our total current assets of $7.0 million by $34.8 million. We are in breach of two of our covenants under our Credit Agreement with East West Bank and have failed to pay an overadvance that occurred in October 2019 that has continued through the date of this report  (as discussed in Note 7 of the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements), resulting in our borrowings payable of $37.0 million being classified in current liabilities.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on the renegotiation of the 2017 Credit Agreement and/or raising further capital and our ability to further reduce costs, of which there can be no assurance. These factors raise substantial doubt over our ability to continue as a going concern and whether we will realize our assets and extinguish our liabilities in the normal course of business and at the amounts stated in the financial statements. Given our current financial situation we may be required to accept terms on the transactions that we are seeking that are onerous to us.

Given our current financial situation we may be required to accept terms on transactions, if any, that we are seeking that are onerous to us.

Recent Market Conditions

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the world economic conditions including in the United States, with accelerated effects beginning in February and continuing through the issuance of this report, as federal, state and local governments react to the public health crisis, creating significant uncertainties relating to the United States economy. Consequently, the Company expects a material adverse impact on its revenues, results of operations and cash flows. The situation is rapidly changing and additional impacts to our business may arise that we are not aware of currently. We cannot predict whether, when or the manner in which the conditions surrounding COVID-19 will change including the timing of lifting any restrictions or office closure requirements.

In addition, certain producing countries within the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and their allies (" OPEC+") group have attempted to increase market share through pricing activity that has contributed to a severe decline in domestic oil prices and, correspondingly, drilling and operating activity within our markets. Subsequent to the end of the quarter, OPEC+ countries have reportedly agreed to cooperate in limited and short-term production cuts, the impact of which is uncertain at this time.

The full extent of the impact of COVID-19 and OPEC+ actions on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its impact on capital and financial markets, any new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus, its spread to other regions as well as the actions taken to contain it, production response of domestic oil producers to lower oil prices, and the adherence to and continuity of OPEC+ production cuts, among others.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company continually monitors its positions with, and the credit quality of, the financial institutions with which it invests. Enservco maintains its excess cash in various financial institutions, where deposits may exceed federally insured amounts at times. 

Accounts Receivable 

Accounts receivable are stated at the amounts billed to customers, net of an allowance for uncollectible accounts. The Company provides an allowance for uncollectible accounts based on a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information and existing economic conditions. The allowance for uncollectible amounts is continually reviewed and adjusted to maintain the allowance at a level considered adequate to cover future losses. The allowance is management's best estimate of uncollectible amounts and is determined based on historical collection experience related to accounts receivable coupled with a review of the current status of existing receivables. The losses ultimately incurred could differ materially in the near term from the amounts estimated in determining the allowance. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $571,000 and $246,000, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded approximately $300,000 to bad debt expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company did not record any bad debt expense.

Inventories

Inventory consists primarily of propane, diesel fuel and chemicals that are used in the servicing of oil wells and is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value in accordance with the first in, first out method (FIFO). The Company periodically reviews the value of items in inventory and provides write-downs or write-offs, of inventory based on its assessment of market conditions. Write-downs and write-offs are charged to cost of goods sold. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not recognize any write-downs or write-offs of inventory.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists of (i) trucks, trailers and pickups; (ii) water transfer pumps, pipe, lay flat hose, trailers, and other support equipment; (iii) real property which includes land and buildings used for office and shop facilities and wells used for the disposal of water; (iv) other equipment such as tools used for maintaining and repairing vehicles, and (v) office furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment. Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The Company capitalizes interest on certain qualifying assets that are undergoing activities to prepare them for their intended use. Interest costs incurred during the fabrication period are capitalized and amortized over the life of the assets. The Company charges repairs and maintenance against income when incurred and capitalizes renewals and betterments, which extend the remaining useful life, expand the capacity or efficiency of the assets. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of 5 to 30 years.

Any difference between net book value of the property and equipment and the proceeds of an assets’ sale or settlement of an insurance claim is recorded as a gain or loss in the Company’s earnings.

Leases

The Company assesses whether an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. We have elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all assets. Operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are calculated based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the lease start date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease start date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease asset is increased by any lease payments made at or before the lease start date and reduced by lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The lease term includes options to renew or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The depreciable life of lease assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the lease term. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company conducts a major part of its operations from leased facilities. Each of these leases is accounted for as an operating lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date. Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments not yet paid. Operating lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset and are based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepayments or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of operating lease assets.

The Company amortizes leasehold improvements over the shorter of the life of the lease or the life of the improvements. 

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. During the first quarter of 2020, the combination of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken by the OPEC+ countries caused oil and gas commodity demand to decrease significantly. The Company determined that these were triggering events which could indicate impairment of its long-lived assets. The Company reviewed both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the business during the analysis of impairment. During the quantitative review, the Company reviews the undiscounted future cash flows in its assessment of whether long-lived assets have been impaired. The Company determined that there was no impairment of its long-lived assets during the three months ended March 31, 2020.  During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded impairment charges of approximately $127,000 related to its saltwater disposal wells which it expects to divest during 2020.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets received attributable to business acquisitions and combinations. Goodwill and other intangible assets are measured for impairment at least annually and/or whenever events and circumstances arise that indicate impairment may exist, such as a significant adverse change in the business climate. In assessing the value of goodwill, assets and liabilities are assigned to the reporting units and the appropriate valuation methodologies are used to determine fair value at the reporting unit level. Identified intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

During the first quarter of 2020, the combination of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken by the OPEC+ countries caused oil and gas commodity demand to decrease significantly. The Company determined that these were triggering events which could indicate impairment of its goodwill and other intangible assets. The Company reviewed both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the business during the analysis of impairment. During the quantitative review, the Company reviews the undiscounted future cash flows in its assessment of whether goodwill and other intangible assets have been impaired. The Company determined that there was no impairment of its goodwill and other intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Revenue Recognition 

We have adopted Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue - Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, beginning January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach, which we have applied to contracts within the scope of the standard. There was no material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements from adoption of this new standard. The Company evaluates revenue when we can identify the contract with the customer, the performance obligations in the contract, the transaction price, and we are certain that the performance obligations have been met. Revenue is recognized when the service has been provided to the customer. The vast majority of the Company's services and product offerings are short-term in nature. The time between invoicing and when payment is due under these arrangements is generally 30 to 60 days. Revenue is not generated from contractual arrangements that include multiple performance obligations.

The Company’s agreements with its customers are often referred to as “price sheets” and sometimes provide pricing for multiple services. However, these agreements generally do not authorize the performance of specific services or provide for guaranteed throughput amounts. As customers are free to choose which services, if any, to use based on the Company’s price sheet, the Company prices its separate services on the basis of their standalone selling prices. Customer agreements generally do not provide for performance, cancellation, termination, or refund type provisions. Services based on price sheets with customers are generally performed under separately issued “work orders” or “field tickets” as services are requested.

Revenue is recognized for certain projects that take more than one day projects over time based on the number of days during the reporting period and the agreed upon price as work progresses on each project.

Disaggregation of revenue

See Note 13 - Segment Reporting for disaggregation of revenue.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share 

Earnings per Common Share - Basic is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Earnings per Common Share - Diluted earnings is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the diluted weighted average number of common shares. The diluted weighted average number of common shares is computed using the treasury stock method for common stock that may be issued for outstanding stock options and warrants.

As of March 31, 2020 and 2019, there were outstanding stock options and warrants to acquire an aggregate of 2,390,335 and 2,378,499 shares of Company common stock, respectively, which have a potentially dilutive impact on earnings per share. As of March 31, 2020, these outstanding stock options and warrants had no aggregate intrinsic value (the difference between the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock on March 31, 2020, and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money instruments) of outstanding stock options and warrants.

Derivative Instruments

From time to time, the Company has interest rate swap agreements in place to hedge against changes in interest rates. The fair value of the Company’s derivative instrument is reflected as an asset or liability on the balance sheet. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on the intended use of the derivative instrument and the resulting designation. Transactions related to the Company’s derivative instruments accounted for as hedges are classified in the same category as the item hedged in the consolidated statement of cash flows. The Company did not hold derivative instruments at March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019, for trading purposes.

On February 23, 2018, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with East West Bank in order to hedge against the variability in cash flows from future interest payments related to the 2017 Credit Agreement. The terms of the interest rate swap agreement included an initial notional amount of $10.0 million, a fixed payment rate of 2.52% paid by us and a floating payment rate equal to LIBOR paid by East West Bank. The purpose of the swap agreement is to adjust the interest rate profile of our debt obligations. The fair value of the interest rate swap agreement is recorded in Other Liabilities and changes to the fair value are recorded to Other Expense.

Income Taxes 

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets based on the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities will be recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A deferred tax asset or liability that is not related to an asset or liability for financial reporting is classified according to the expected reversal date. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that it believes is more likely than not expected to be realized.

The Company accounts for any uncertainty in income taxes by recognizing the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if, in the Company’s opinion, it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The application of income tax law is inherently complex. Laws and regulations in this area are voluminous and are often ambiguous.  As such, the Company is required to make many subjective assumptions and judgments regarding income tax exposures. Interpretations of and guidance surrounding income tax law and regulations change over time and may result in changes to the Company’s subjective assumptions and judgments which can materially affect amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income. The result of the reassessment of the Company’s tax positions did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Interest and penalties associated with tax positions are recorded in the period assessed as Other expense. The Company files income tax returns in the United States and in the states in which it conducts its business operations. The Company’s United States federal income tax filings for tax years 2016 through 2019 remain open to examination. In general, the Company’s various state tax filings remain open for tax years 2015 to 2019.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have enacted or are contemplating measures to provide aid and economic stimulus. These measures may include deferring the due dates of tax payments or other changes to their income and non-income-based tax laws. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), which was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the U.S., includes measures to assist companies, including temporary changes to income and non-income-based tax laws. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no material tax impacts to our condensed consolidated financial statements relating to COVID-19 measures. We continue to monitor additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service, and others.

Fair Value

The Company follows authoritative guidance that applies to all financial assets and liabilities required to be measured and reported on a fair value basis. The Company also applies the guidance to non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including non-competition agreements and goodwill. The guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  The guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available.

Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances.  Beginning in 2017 the Company valued its warrants using the Binomial Lattice model ("Lattice"). The Company did not have any transfers between hierarchy levels during the three months ended March 31, 2020. The financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the date of grant, based on the calculated fair value of the award as described below, and is recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity grant.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model as a method for determining the estimated grant date fair value for all stock options awarded to employees, independent contractors, officers, and directors. The expected term of the options is based upon evaluation of historical and expected exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based upon U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life of the grant. Volatility is determined upon historical volatility of our stock and adjusted if future volatility is expected to vary from historical experience. The dividend yield is assumed to be none as we have not paid dividends, nor do we anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.

The Company uses a Lattice model to determine the fair value of certain warrants. The expected term used was the remaining contractual term. Expected volatility is based upon historical volatility over a term consistent with the remaining term. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the yield on zero-coupon U.S. government securities with a remaining term equal to the contractual term of the warrants. The dividend yield is assumed to be zero.

The Company used the market-value of Company stock to determine the fair value of the performance-based restricted stock awarded in 2018 and 2019. The fair-value is updated quarterly based on actual forfeitures.

The Company used a lattice model to determine the fair value of market-based restricted stock awarded in 2020 and 2019.

Management Estimates 

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the realization of accounts receivable, evaluation of impairment of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation expense, income tax provision, the valuation of warrant liability and the Company's interest rate swaps, and the valuation of deferred taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to the current presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

Business Combinations 

We recognize and measure the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with any remaining difference recorded as goodwill or gain from a bargain purchase. For material acquisitions, management typically engages an independent valuation specialist to assist with the determination of fair value of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, noncontrolling interest, if any, and goodwill, based on recognized business valuation methodologies. If the initial accounting for the business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the acquisition occurs, an estimate will be recorded. Subsequent to the acquisition, and not later than one year from the acquisition date, we will record any material adjustments to the initial estimate based on new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. An income, market or cost valuation method may be utilized to estimate the fair value of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interest, if any, in a business combination. The income valuation method represents the present value of future cash flows over the life of the asset using: (i) discrete financial forecasts, which rely on management’s estimates of volumes, commodity prices, revenue and operating expenses; (ii) long-term growth rates; and (iii) appropriate discount rates. The market valuation method uses prices paid for a reasonably similar asset by other purchasers in the market, with adjustments relating to any differences between the assets. The cost valuation method is based on the replacement cost of a comparable asset at prices at the time of the acquisition reduced for depreciation of the asset. See Note 4 – Business Combinations for additional information regarding our business combinations.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which introduces the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance. The update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The original guidance required application on a modified retrospective basis with the earliest period presented. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to ASC 842, Leases, which includes an option to not restate comparative periods in transition and elect to use the effective date of ASC 842, Leases, as the date of initial application of transition. Based on the effective date, the Company adopted this ASU beginning on January 1, 2019 and elected the transition option provided under ASU 2018-11. This standard had a material effect on our consolidated balance sheet with the recognition of new right of use assets and lease liabilities for all operating leases, as these leases typically have a non-cancelable lease term of greater than one year. Upon adoption, both assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets increased by approximately $2.4 million. The Company elected a package of transition practical expedients which include not reassessing whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, not reassessing the lease classification of expired or existing leases, and not reassessing initial direct costs for existing leases. The Company also elected a practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components. The Company did not elect the practical expedient to use hindsight in determining the lease terms or assessing impairment of the Right-of-Use (‘ROU”) assets. See Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies for more information.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Statements - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires companies to measure credit losses utilizing a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires a consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to ascertain credit loss estimates. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 Note 4 – Business Combinations 

Acquisition of Adler Hot Oil Service, LLC 

On October 26, 2018, Enservco Corporation entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Adler Hot Oil Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Seller”), pursuant to which Enservco acquired all of the outstanding membership interests of Adler Hot Oil Service, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Adler”) for a gross aggregate purchase price of $12.5 million, plus approximately $500,000 in working capital adjustments (the “Transaction”). The purchase price allocation differs from the gross aggregate purchase price due to fair value adjustments to the indemnity holdback, earnout, plus the discount on the subordinated note. Certain former members of Adler are also parties to the Agreement. Adler is a provider of frac water heating and hot oiling services, whose assets consist primarily of vehicles and equipment, with a complementary base of customers in several oil and gas producing basins where Enservco operates.

The consideration paid or to be paid by Enservco under the Agreement originally included: (i) $3.7 million in cash paid to or for the benefit of the Seller at the closing; (ii) a subordinated promissory note issued to the Seller in the principal amount of $4.8 million, plus interest accrued thereon (the “Seller Subordinated Note”), as further discussed below; (iii) retirement by Enservco of $2.5 million in indebtedness of Adler; (iv) an earn-out payment of up to $1.0 million in cash payable to the Seller (the "Earn-Out Payment"), the actual amount of which is subject to Enservco’s satisfaction of certain EBITDA-related performance conditions during 2019; and (v) $1.0 million in cash held by Enservco and payable to the Seller on the 18 month anniversary of October 26, 2018, subject to offset by Enservco for any indemnification obligations owed by the Seller or certain former members of Adler under the Agreement (the "Indemnity Holdback Payment"). Certain aspects of the consideration have been modified since execution of the Agreement as further discussed below. 

On April 4, 2019 Enservco and the Seller entered into a Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release (the “Settlement Agreement”) in order to resolve certain disputes and disagreements relating to the Transaction without litigation. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement the parties agreed to (i) waive all rights of the Seller to the Earn-Out Payment and the Indemnity Holdback Payment, (ii) reduce the original principal balance of the Seller Subordinated Note from $4,800,000 to $4,500,000, (iii) extend the maturity date of the Seller Subordinated Note from March 31, 2019 to April 10, 2019, subject to a nine-day grace period, and (iv) execute a mutual release. All adjustments to the original purchase accounting are recognized in the second quarter of 2019, when the settlement occurred. We also considered whether the execution of the Settlement Agreement was an indicator of impairment regarding the recorded balance of goodwill and the definite-lived intangible assets. With regard to goodwill, we determined that it was not more likely than not that the carrying amount of the reporting unit was greater than its fair value, and thus determined that further evaluation of goodwill for potential impairment was not necessary. We will perform a goodwill impairment analysis over the recorded balance on an annual basis, or if we determine an indicator of impairment exists. With regards to the definite-lived intangible assets, we determined that there were no events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable, and therefore determined that a test for recoverability was not required.

The acquisition of Adler qualified as a business combination and as such, we estimated the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the closing date. Additionally, we estimated the fair value of contingent consideration given. The fair value measure of the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed applied various valuation methods to estimate the value of the intangibles that would provide a fair and reasonable value to a market participant, in view of the facts available at the time. Each valuation method was analyzed to determine which method would generate the most reasonable estimate of value of the Company’s intangible assets as of October 26, 2018. Both internal and external factors influencing the value of the intangibles were considered such as Adler’s financial position, results of operations, historical financial data, future financial expectations, economic conditions, status of the oil and gas industry and Adler’s position in the industry.

In connection with the execution of the Settlement Agreement, we reviewed our estimates and allocation of the fair value of assets acquired, consideration transferred, and contingent consideration given in connection with the Transaction. In our judgment, the reduction in the fair value of the consideration did not have a clear and direct link to the purchase price, and therefore the change in the fair value of the Indemnity Holdback Payment of approximately $908,000, the change in the fair value of the Earn-Out Payment, of approximately $44,000, and the $300,000 reduction in the amount of the Seller Subordinated Note, were each recorded as gains within Other Income (Expense) in the accompanying Statements of Operations.

The goodwill of approximately $245,000 arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies expected be achieved from combining the operations of Enservco and Adler. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. 

The following tables represent the consideration paid to the Seller and the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Subordinated Note

In connection with the Transaction and pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, on October 26, 2018, Enservco issued to the Seller the Seller Subordinated Note in the original principal amount of $4.8 million in connection with the Settlement Agreement, which was reduced to $4.5 million as discussed above, and unpaid amounts thereunder beared simple interest at a rate of 8% per annum. Enservco was required to and made principal payments on November 30, 2018 of $800,000, on February 28, 2019 of $200,000, on April 9, 2019. The Seller Subordinated Note was guaranteed by Enservco’s subsidiaries and secured by a junior security interest in substantially all assets of Enservco and its subsidiaries. The Seller Subordinated Note was subject to a subordination agreement by and among Enservco, the Seller, and East West Bank. On April 19, 2019, Enservco made the final payment to settle the principal balance and accrued interest on the Seller Subordinated Note and has no further obligations to the Seller.

Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement and Consent 

In connection with the Transaction, on October 26, 2018, Enservco and East West Bank entered into a Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement and Consent (the “Second Amendment to LSA”), which amended the Loan and Security Agreement dated August 10, 2017 by and between Enservco and East West Bank (the “Loan Agreement”). Pursuant to the Second Amendment to LSA, East West Bank consented to the Transaction and increased the maximum borrowing limit of the senior secured revolving credit facility provided to Enservco under the Loan Agreement to $37.0 million. Proceeds of $6.2 million from the increased senior secured revolving credit facility were used in the Transaction to make the cash payments at closing and retire the indebtedness of Adler. In connection with the Second Amendment to LSA the capital expenditure limitation contained within the Loan Agreement was increased to $3.0 million from $2.5 million.

On October 26, 2018, in connection with the Second Amendment to LSA, Adler entered into a Joinder Agreement, pursuant to which Adler was joined as a party to the Loan Agreement.

The useful lives of our intangible assets are estimated to be five years. Amortization expense was approximately $51,000 for each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. 

The following table represents the amortization expense for the next five years for the twelve months ending March 31 (in thousands): 

Note 6 – Discontinued Operations 

Heat Waves Water Management

During December 2019, the Heat Waves Water Management business ceased operations. The decision to discontinue HWWM was made due to its history of net losses, declining revenues, and its failure to generate positive operating cash flow. In early 2020, the Company began disposing of the HWWM assets and plans on selling off the remaining HWWM assets during the remainder of 2020. HWWM was previously reported in the Water Transfer Services segment, however, the Company redefined its segments during the year ended December 31, 2019, and Water Management Services is no longer a reporting segment.

Dillco

Effective November 1, 2018, the Dillco water hauling business ceased operations for customers. In December 2018, we held an auction for all of the Dillco fixed assets which resulted in a gain of approximately $129,000. Additionally, we recorded an impairment charge of $130,000 related to land and building sold subsequent to December 31, 2018.

The following table represents a reconciliation of the carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities disclosed as discontinued operations in the Balance Sheets:

The following table represents a reconciliation of the major classes of line items constituting pretax loss of discontinued operations that are disclosed as discontinued operations in the Statements of Operations:  

Note 7 – Debt

Debt Issuance Costs

We have capitalized certain debt issuance costs incurred in connection with the Credit Facility discussed above and these costs are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the facility on a straight-line basis. The long-term portion of debt issuance costs of approximately $47,000 and $82,000 is included in Other Assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company amortized approximately $35,000 and $34,000, respectively, of these costs to Interest Expense. 

Aggregate maturities of debt, (excluding the 2017 Credit Agreement described in above), are as follows (in thousands):

The fair value of the interest rate swap is estimated using a discounted cash flow model. Such models involve using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves. We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our nonperformance risk and respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements, which we have concluded are not material to the valuation. Due to the interest rate swaps being unique and not actively traded, the fair value is classified as Level 2.

 Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and interest approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of such items. The carrying value of the Company’s credit agreements are carried at cost which are approximately the fair value of the debt as the related interest rate are at the terms that approximate rates currently available to the Company.

The Company did not have any transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Note 9 – Income Taxes 

Income tax expense during interim periods is based on applying an estimated annual effective income tax rate to year-to-date income, plus any significant unusual or infrequently occurring items which are recorded in the interim period.  The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 differs from the amount that would be provided by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to pre-tax income primarily because of state income taxes and estimated permanent differences.

The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and significant judgment including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year, projections of the proportion of income earned and taxed in various jurisdictions, permanent and temporary differences, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year.  The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, more experience is obtained, additional information becomes known or as the tax environment changes.

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.

Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management recorded a valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to zero.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company's tax benefit of $0.7 million, and during the three months ended March 31, 2019 the Company's tax provision of $1.2 million, were adjusted by the valuation allowance which resulted in a net tax provision of zero.

Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies 

Operating Leases

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842, Leases. Results for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2019 are presented in accordance with ASC 842, while prior period amounts are reported in accordance with ASC 840. On January 1, 2019, we recognized $2.4 million in right-of-use assets and $2.4 million in lease liabilities, representing the present value of minimum payment obligations associated with leased facilities and certain equipment with non-cancellable lease terms in excess of one year. We recognized approximately $845,000 in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. We made a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of approximately $98,000 at January 1, 2019.

Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date. Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments not yet paid. Operating lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset and are based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepayments or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of operating lease assets. To determine the present value of lease payments not yet paid, the Company uses the weighted average interest rate on its Credit Facility. Long-term leases typically contain rent escalations over the lease term. The Company recognizes expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all applicable classes of underlying assets. Short-term disclosures include only those leases with a term greater than one month and 12 months or less, and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, that do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that we are reasonably certain to exercise, are not recorded on the balance sheet.

The Company elected the expedient to account for lease and non-lease components as a single component for our entire population of operating lease assets.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company leases facilities and certain equipment under lease commitments that expire through June 2026. Future minimum lease commitments for these operating lease commitments are as follows (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the components of our gross operating lease costs incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Our weighted-average lease term and discount rate used during the three months ended March 31, 2020 are as follows:

Self-Insurance

In June 2015, the Company became self-insured under its Employee Group Medical Plan, and currently is responsible to pay the first $50,000 in medical costs per individual participant for claims incurred in the calendar year up to a maximum of approximately $1.8 million per year in the aggregate based on enrollment. The Company had an accrued liability of approximately $130,000 and $68,000 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, for insurance claims that it anticipates paying in the future related to claims that occurred prior to March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Effective April 1, 2015, the Company had entered into a workers’ compensation and employer’s liability insurance policy with a term through March 31, 2018.  Under the terms of the policy, the Company was required to pay premiums in addition to a portion of the cost of any claims made by our employees, up to a maximum of approximately $1.8 million over the term of the policy (an amount that was variable with changes in annualized compensation amounts). As of March 31, 2020, a former employee of ours had an open claim relating to injuries sustained while in the course of employment, and the projected maximum cost of the policy as determined by the insurance carrier included estimated claim costs that have not yet been paid or incurred in connection with the claim. During the year ended December 31, 2017, our insurance carrier formally denied the workers' compensation claim and has moved to close the claim entirely. Per the terms of our insurance policy, through March 31, 2020, we had paid in approximately $1.8 million of the projected maximum plan cost of $1.8 million, and had recorded approximately $1.6 million as expense over the term of the policy. We recorded the remaining approximately $189,000 in payments made under the policy as a long-term asset, which we expect will either be recorded as expense in future periods, or refunded to us by the insurance carrier, depending on the outcome of the individual claim described above, and the final cost of any additional open claims incurred under the policy. As of March 31, 2020, we believe we have paid all amounts contractually due under the policy. Effective April 1, 2018, we entered into a new workers’ compensation policy with a fixed premium amount determined annually, and therefore are no longer partially self-insured for workers' compensation and employer's liability.

Litigation 

Enservco and Heat Waves were defendants in a civil lawsuit in federal court in Colorado, Civil Action No. 1:15-cv-00983-RBJ (“Colorado Case”), that alleged that Enservco and Heat Waves, in offering and selling frac water heating services, infringed and induced others to infringe two patents owned by Heat-On-The-Fly, LLC (“HOTF”)- i.e., the ‘993 Patent and the ‘875 Patent.  In March of 2019, the parties moved to dismiss the Colorado Case.  On March 15, 2019, the Colorado Case was dismissed in its entirety without any finding of wrongdoing by Enservco or Heat Waves.   

HOTF dismissed its claims with regard to the ‘993 Patent with prejudice and its claims with regard to the ‘875 Patent without prejudice.  However, HOTF agreed not to sue Enservco or Heat Waves in the future for infringement of the ‘875 Patent based on the same type of frac water heating services offered by Heat Waves prior to and through March 13, 2019.  Heat Waves dismissed its counterclaims against HOTF without prejudice in order to preserve its defenses.

While the Colorado Case was pending, HOTF was issued two additional patents, which were related to the ‘993 and ‘875 Patents, but were not part of the Colorado Case.  However, in March of 2015, a North Dakota federal court determined in an unrelated lawsuit (not involving Enservco or Heat Waves) that the ‘993 Patent was invalid. The same court also found that the ‘993 Patent was unenforceable due to inequitable conduct by the patent owner and/or the inventor. The Federal Circuit Court of Appeals later confirmed, among other things, the North Dakota court’s findings of inequitable conduct.  In light of the foregoing, Management believes that final findings of invalidity and/or unenforceability of the ‘993 Patent based on inequitable conduct could serve as a basis to affect the validity and/or enforceability of these additional HOTF patents.

Note 11– Stockholders’ Equity

Warrants

In June 2016, the Company granted a principal of the Company’s investor relations firm warrants to acquire 30,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in connection with a reduction of the firm's ongoing monthly cash service fees. The warrants had a grant-date fair value of $0.36 per share and vested over a one-year period, 15,000 on December 21, 2016 and 15,000 on June 21, 2017. As of March 31, 2020, all of these warrants remain outstanding and are exercisable until June 21, 2021 at $0.70 per share.

In June 2017, in connection with a subordinated loan agreement, the Company granted Cross River two five-year warrants to buy an aggregate total of 1,612,902 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.31 per share, the average closing price of the Company’s common stock for the 20-day period ended May 11, 2017. The warrants had a grant-date fair value of $0.19 per share and vested in full on June 28, 2017. On June 29, 2018 Cross River exercised both warrants and acquired 1,612,902 shares of our $0.005 par value common stock. Proceeds from the exercise of the warrants in the amount of $500,000 were used to reduce the subordinated debt balance. The warrants exercised had a total intrinsic value of approximately $1.4 million at the time of exercise.

On November 11, 2019, in connection with a subordinated loan agreement, the Company granted Cross River one five-year warrant to buy an aggregate total of 625,000 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $0.20 per share. The warrants had a grant-date fair value $0.16 and were fully vested upon issuance and remain outstanding and exercisable until November 11, 2024.

A summary of warrant activity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is as follows (amounts in thousands): 

Stock Issued for Services

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, the Company did not issue any shares of common stock as compensation for services provided to the Company. 

Note 12 – Stock Options and Restricted Stock

Stock Options

On July 27, 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”). The aggregate number of shares of common stock that could be granted under the 2010 Plan was reset at the beginning of each year based on 15% of the number of shares of common stock then outstanding. As such, on January 1, 2016 the number of shares of common stock available under the 2010 Plan was reset to 5,719,069 shares based upon 38,127,129 shares outstanding on that date. Options were typically granted with an exercise price equal to the estimated fair value of the Company's common stock at the date of grant with a vesting schedule of one to three years and a contractual term of 5 years. As discussed below, the 2010 Plan has been replaced by a new stock option plan and no additional stock option grants will be granted under the 2010 Plan. As of March 31, 2020, there were options to purchase 274,666 shares outstanding under the 2010 Plan.

On July 18, 2016, the Board of Directors unanimously approved the adoption of the Enservco Corporation 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”), which was approved by the stockholders on September 29, 2016. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be granted under the 2016 Plan is 8,000,000 shares plus authorized and unissued shares from the 2010 Plan totaling 2,391,711 for a total reserve of 10,391,711 shares. As of March 31, 2020, there were options to purchase 1,460,667 shares and we had granted restricted stock shares of 1,395,833 that remained outstanding under the 2016 Plan 

We have not granted any stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2020 or the three months ended March 31, 2019. 

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, no options were granted or exercised. 

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value (the difference between the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock on March 31, 2020, and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had they exercised their options on March 31, 2020.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized stock-based compensation costs for stock options of approximately $2,000 and $42,000, respectively, in sales, general, and administrative expenses. The Company currently expects all outstanding options to vest. Compensation cost is revised if subsequent information indicates that the actual number of options vested due to service is likely to differ from previous estimates. 

A summary of the status of non-vested shares underlying the options are presented below:

As of March 31, 2020, there was approximately $1,000 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested shares under the Company’s stock option plans which will be recognized over the remaining weighted-average period of 0.17 years.

Restricted Stock

Restricted shares issued pursuant to restricted stock awards under the 2016 Stock Plan are restricted as to sale or disposition. These restrictions lapse periodically generally over a period of three years. Restrictions may also lapse for early retirement and other conditions in accordance with our established policies. Upon termination of employment, shares on which restrictions have not lapsed must be returned to us, resulting in restricted stock forfeitures. The fair market value on the date of the grant of the stock with a service condition is amortized and charged to income on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The fair market value on the date of the grant of the stock with a performance condition shall be accrued and recognized when it becomes probable that the performance condition will be achieved. Restricted shares that contain a market condition are amortized and charged over the life of the award.

A summary of the restricted stock activity is presented below:

During the three ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized stock-based compensation costs for restricted stock of approximately $36,000 and $49,000 in sales, general, and administrative expenses. Compensation cost is revised if subsequent information indicates that the actual number of restricted stock vested due to service is likely to differ from previous estimates.

The following table sets forth the weighted average outstanding of potentially dilutive instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019: 

Note 13- Segment Reporting

In 2019 we reorganized our business segments to align with how the oil and gas industry and our management team evaluates the business. Enservco’s reportable business segments are Production Services and Completion Services. These segments have been selected based on management’s resource allocation and performance assessment in making decisions regarding the Company.

The following is a description of the segments.

Production Services: This segment utilizes a fleet of hot oil trucks and acidizing units to provide maintenance services to the domestic oil and gas industry. These services include hot oil services and acidizing services.

Completion Services: This segment utilizes a fleet of frac water heating units to provide frac water heating services to the domestic oil and gas industry.

Unallocated and other includes general overhead expenses and assets associated with managing all reportable operating segments which have not been allocated to a specific segment.

The following tables set forth certain financial information with respect to Enservco’s reportable segments (in thousands):

The following table reconciles the segment profits reported above to the income from operations reported in the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands): 

Geographic Areas

The Company only does business in the United States, in what it believes are three geographically diverse regions. The following table sets forth revenue from operations for the Company’s three geographic regions during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Notes to tables: