NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Super League Enterprise, Inc. (Nasdaq: SLE), (“Super League,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is redefining the gaming industry as a media channel for global brands. As a leading end-to-end immersive content partner, Super League enables marketers, advertisers, and IP owners to reach massive audiences through creativity, innovation, and gameplay within the world’s largest immersive platforms. Boasting an award-winning development studio, a vast community of native creators, and a proprietary suite of tools that maximize user engagement, Super League is a one-of-a-kind holistic solutions provider. Whether a partner is focused on building a world-class creative experience, achieving lift in brand awareness, inspiring deeper customer loyalty, or finding new sources of revenue, Super League is at the forefront - always pioneering within immersive worlds.

Super League was incorporated on October 1, 2014 as Nth Games, Inc. under the laws of the State of Delaware and changed its name to Super League Gaming, Inc. on June 15, 2015, and to Super League Enterprise, Inc. on September 11, 2023. We are an “emerging growth company” as defined by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended.

On September 7, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “2023 Second Amendment”) to the Charter, which Second Amendment became effective as of September 11, 2023, to change the name of the Company from Super League Gaming, Inc. to Super League Enterprise, Inc. (the “Name Change”) and to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratio of 1-for-20 (the “Reverse Split”). The Name Change and the Reverse Split were approved by the Company’s Board on July 5, 2023, and approved by the stockholders of the Company on September 7, 2023. Refer to Note 6 below for additional information regarding the Reverse Split. In connection with the Name Change, the Company also changed its Nasdaq ticker symbol to “SLE” from “SLGG.”

All references to common stock, warrants to purchase common stock and other rights, options to purchase common stock, restricted stock, share data, per share data and related information contained in the condensed consolidated financial statements (hereinafter, “consolidated financial statements”) have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effect of the Reverse Split for all periods presented.

All references to “Note,” followed by a number reference herein, refer to the applicable corresponding numbered footnotes to these consolidated financial statements.

Infinite Reality Transaction

On September 30, 2024, the Company entered into a binding term sheet (the “iR Term Sheet”) with Infinite Reality, Inc. (“Infinite Reality”), whereby, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions as more specifically set forth in the iR Term Sheet (including receipt of the approval of the Company’s stockholders), and the entry into definitive documentation, the Company will:

The Term Sheet contemplates that, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions contained therein (including approval of the iR Transaction by the Company’s stockholders), upon the consummation of the iR Transaction, Infinite Reality will beneficially own 84.9% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company as of the Closing.

Equity Exchange Agreement. On September 30, 2024, in connection with the Term Sheet and the Share Exchange, the Company entered into an Equity Exchange Agreement with Infinite Reality (the “Exchange Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed, subject to the receipt of the approval of the Company’s stockholders and other customary closing conditions, to issue 2,499,090 shares of Common Stock (the “Exchange Shares”) in exchange for 139,592 shares of Infinite Reality common stock of equal value, based on the Company’s Common Stock being valued at $1.30 per share. The Exchange Agreement contains representations, warranties, and covenants of the Company and Infinite Reality that are customary for a transaction of this nature. Refer to Note 8 for information on the Amended and Restated Equity Exchange Agreement.

Sale of Minehut

On February 29, 2024, the Company sold its Minehut related assets (“Minehut Assets”) to GamerSafer, Inc. (“GamerSafer”), in a transaction approved by the Board of Directors of the Company. Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement entered into by and between GamerSafer and the Company on February 26, 2024 (the “GS Agreement”), the Company will receive $1.0 million of purchase consideration (“Purchase Consideration”) for the Minehut Assets, which amount will be paid by GamerSafer in revenue and royalty sharing over a multiple year period, as described in the GS Agreement (the “Minehut Sale”). Other than with respect to the GS Agreement, there is no relationship between the Company or its affiliates with GamerSafer or its affiliates.

The transaction allows Super League to streamline its position in partnering with major brands to build, market, and operate 3D experiences across multiple immersive platforms, including open gaming powerhouses like Minecraft, and aligns with the Company’s cost improvement initiatives. Super League and GamerSafer will maintain a commercial relationship which ensures that Minehut can remain an ongoing destination available to Super League’s partners. 

Bylaw Amendment

On June 4, 2024, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company approved an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective June 4, 2024, to reduce the number of shares that are required to be present at a meeting of the Company’s stockholders (a “Meeting”) for purposes of establishing a quorum. Prior to the Amendment, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock was required to establish a quorum for the transaction of business at a Meeting. As approved in the Amendment, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of not less than one-third (1/3) of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at a Meeting.

The Board adopted the Amendment to more practically obtain a quorum and conduct business at a Meeting. The Board based its decision on the increasing prevalence of brokerage firms opting to forgo discretionary or proportionate voting of the shares held by them in street name, which is making it increasingly difficult for companies with a large retail stockholder base to obtain a quorum of the majority. The change to the quorum requirement was made to improve the Company’s ability to hold Meetings when called. 

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP in annual financial statements have been omitted or condensed in accordance with quarterly reporting requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 15, 2024.

The December 31, 2023 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The condensed consolidated interim financial statements of Super League include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of Super League’s financial position as of September 30, 2024, and results of its operations and its cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire fiscal year, or any future period.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications to operating expense line items and revenue detail line items have been made to prior year amounts for consistency and comparability with the current year’s condensed consolidated financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported total revenue, operating expense, total assets, total liabilities, total stockholders' equity, or net loss for the prior periods presented.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The Company believes that, of the significant accounting policies described herein, the accounting policies associated with revenue recognition, impairment of intangibles, stock-based compensation expense, capitalized internal-use-software costs, accounting for business combinations and related contingent consideration, derecognition of assets, accounting for convertible debt, including estimates and assumptions used to calculate the fair value of debt instruments, accounting for convertible preferred stock, including modifications and exchanges of equity and equity-linked instruments, accounting for warrant liabilities and accounting for income taxes and valuation allowances against net deferred tax assets, require its most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments.

Going Concern

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company incurred net losses for the periods presented herein as reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations, and had an accumulated deficit of $263.7 million as of September 30, 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, net cash used in operating activities totaled $8.2 million and $14.1 million, respectively.

The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $0.3 million and $7.6 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. To date, our principal sources of capital used to fund our operations and growth have been the net proceeds received from equity and debt financings. We have and will continue to use significant capital for the growth and development of our business, and, as such, we expect to seek additional capital either from operations, or that may be available from future issuance(s) of common stock, preferred stock and / or debt financings, to fund our planned operations. Accordingly, our results of operations and the implementation of our long-term business strategies have been and could continue to be adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy, including conditions that are outside of our control. The most recent global financial crisis caused by severe geopolitical conditions, including conflicts abroad, and the threat of other outbreaks or pandemics, have resulted in extreme volatility, disruptions and downward pressure on stock prices and trading volumes across the capital and credit markets in which we traditionally operate. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business and could have a material adverse effect on us, including limiting our ability to obtain additional funding from the capital and credit markets. In management’s judgement, these conditions raise substantial doubt about the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern as contemplated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 205-40, “Going Concern,” (“ASC 205”).

Management’s Plans

During the prior fiscal year and the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we continued our focus on the expansion of our service offerings and revenue growth opportunities through internal development, collaborations, and through opportunistic strategic acquisitions, as well as management and reduction of operating costs. Management continues to explore alternatives for raising capital to facilitate our growth and execute our business strategy, including strategic partnerships and or other forms of equity or debt financings. 

In September 2024, the Company announced the iR Transaction as described above.

On October 24, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with a certain accredited investor for the registered direct offering of an aggregate of 1,136,364 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Shares”), at a purchase price of $0.88 per Share (the “Registered Direct Offering”).  The Registered Direct Offering closed on October 25, 2024, and resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $1.0 million.

On November 8, 2024 (the “Effective Date”), the Company and its subsidiary, InPVP, LLC (“Subsidiary”), entered into a Business Loan and Security Agreement (the “Agile Loan Agreement”), with Agile Capital Funding, LLC as collateral agent (“Collateral Agent”), and Agile Lending, LLC (“Agile”), pursuant to which the Company issued to Agile a Confessed Judgment Secured Promissory Note for an aggregate value of $1.85 million (the “Agile Note”).  Pursuant to the Agile Loan Agreement: (i) the Agile Note matures 28 weeks from the Effective Date; (ii) carries an aggregate total interest payment of approximately $0.78 million (the “Applicable Rate”), and (iii) immediately upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default (as defined in the Agile Loan Agreement), interest shall accrue at a fixed per annum rate equal to the Applicable Rate plus five percent.  The Company is required to repay all the obligations due under the Agile Loan Agreement and the Agile Note in 28 equal payments of $93,821.43, with the first payment being made to Agile on November 14, 2024, and every seven days thereafter until the Maturity Date.  The proceeds received from the Agile Note will be used to fund general working capital needs. For more information on the Agile Loan Agreement and the Agile Note, refer to Note 8.

The Company considers historical operating results, costs, capital resources and financial position, in combination with current projections and estimates, as part of its plan to fund operations over a reasonable period. Management’s considerations assume, among other things, that the Company will continue to be successful implementing its business strategy, that there will be no material adverse developments in the business, liquidity or capital requirements, and the Company will be able to raise additional equity and / or debt financing on acceptable terms. If one or more of these factors do not occur as expected, it could cause a reduction or delay of the Company’s business activities, sales of material assets, default on its obligations, or forced insolvency. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not contain any adjustments which might be necessary if the Company were unable to continue as a going concern. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company.

We may continue to evaluate potential strategic acquisitions. To finance such strategic acquisitions, we may find it necessary to raise additional equity capital, incur debt, or both. Any efforts to seek additional funding could be made through issuances of equity or debt, or other external financing. However, additional funding may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. The capital and credit markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruption periodically and such volatility and disruption may occur in the future. If we fail to obtain additional financing when needed, we may not be able to execute our business plans which, in turn, would have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, our ability to meet our obligations, and our ability to pursue our business strategies.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when the Company transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services and when the customer obtains control of the good or service. In this regard, revenue is recognized when: (i) the parties to the contract have approved the contract (in writing, orally, or in accordance with other customary business practices) and are committed to perform their respective obligations; (ii) the entity can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred; (iii) the entity can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred; (iv) the contract has commercial substance (that is, the risk, timing, or amount of the entity’s future cash flows is expected to change as a result of the contract); and (v) it is probable that the entity will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer.

Transaction prices are based on the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties, if any. We consider the explicit terms of the revenue contract, which are typically written and executed by the parties, our customary business practices, the nature, timing, and the amount of consideration promised by a customer in connection with determining the transaction price for our revenue arrangements. Refunds and sales returns historically have not been material.

The Company generates revenue from (i) innovative advertising including immersive game world and experience publishing and in-game media products, (ii) content and technology through the production and distribution of our own, advertiser and third-party content, and (iii) direct to consumer offers, including in-game items, e-commerce and digital collectibles.

The Company reports revenue on a gross or net basis based on management’s assessment of whether the Company acts as a principal or agent in the transaction and is evaluated on a transaction-by-transaction basis. To the extent the Company acts as the principal, revenue is reported on a gross basis net of any sales tax from customers, when applicable. The determination of whether the Company acts as a principal or an agent in a transaction is based on an evaluation of whether the Company controls the goods or services prior to transfer to the customer. Where applicable, the Company has determined that it acts as the principal in all of its media and advertising, publishing and content studio and direct to consumer revenue streams, except in situations where we utilize a reseller partner with respect to media and advertising sales arrangements.

In the event a customer pays us consideration, or we have a right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional, prior to our transfer of a good or service to the customer, we reflect the contract as a contract liability when the payment is made or the payment is due, whichever is earlier. In the event we perform by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, we reflect the contract as a contract asset, excluding any amounts reflected as a receivable.

Media and Advertising

Media and advertising revenue primarily consists of direct and reseller sales of our on-platform media and analytics products, and influencer marketing campaign sales to third-party brands and agencies (hereinafter, “Brands”).

On Platform Media

On platform media revenue is generated from third party Brands advertising in-game on Roblox or other digital platforms, and prior to the Minehut Sale, on our Minehut Minecraft platform. Media assets include static billboards, video billboards, portals, 3D characters, Pop Ups and other media products. We work with Brands to determine the specific campaign media to deploy, target ad units and target demographics. We customize the media advertising campaign and media products with applicable branding, images and design and place the media on the various digital platforms. Media is delivered via our Super Biz Roblox platform, the Roblox Immersive Ads platform, other platforms, and prior to the Minehut Sale, on our owned and operated Minehut platform. Media placement can be based on a cost per thousand, other cost per measure, or a flat fee. Media and advertising arrangements typically include contract terms for time periods ranging from one week to two or three months in length.

For on-platform media campaigns, we typically insert media products on-platform (in-game) to deliver to the Brand a predetermined number of impressions identified in the underlying contract. The benefit accrues to the Brand at the time that we deliver the impression on the platform, and the media product is viewed or interacted with by the on-platform user. The performance obligation for on-platform media campaigns is each impression that is guaranteed or required to be delivered per the underlying contract.

Each impression is considered a good or service that is distinct under the revenue standard, and the performance obligation under our on-platform media contracts is the delivery of a series of impressions. Each impression required to be delivered in the series that we promise to transfer to the Brand meets the criteria to be a performance obligation satisfied over time, due to the fact that (1) our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company, and (2) we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date per the terms of the contract. Further, the same method is used to measure our progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation to transfer each distinct impression, as in the transfer of the series of impressions to the customer, which is based on actual delivery of impressions. As such, we account for the specified series of impressions as a single performance obligation.

The delivery of the impression on platform represents the change in control of the good or service, and therefore, the Company satisfies its performance obligations and recognizes revenue based on the delivery of impressions under the contract.

Influencer Marketing

Influencer marketing revenue is generated in connection with the development, management and execution of influencer marketing campaigns on behalf of Brands, primarily on YouTube, Instagram and TikTok. Influencer marketing campaigns are collaborations between Super League, popular social-media influencers, and Brands, to promote a Brands’ products or services. Influencers are paid a flat rate per post to feature a Brand’s product or service on their respective social media outlets.

For influencer marketing campaigns that include multiple influencers, the customer can benefit from the influencer posts either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer. Our influencer marketing campaigns for Brands (1) incorporate a significant service of integrating the goods or services with other goods or services promised in the contract (typically additional influencer posts) into a bundle of goods or services that represent the combined output that the customer has contracted for, and (2) the goods or services are interdependent in that each of the goods or services is affected by one or more of the other goods or services in the contract which combined, create an influencer marketing campaign to satisfy the Brand’s specific campaign objectives. The interdependency of the performance obligations is supported by an understanding of what a customer expects to receive as a final product with respect to an influencer marketing campaign, which is an integrated influencer marketing advertising campaign that the influencer posts create when they are combined into an overall integrated campaign.

Our customers receive and consume the benefits of each influencer’s post as the content is posted on the influencers respective social media outlet. In addition, the influencer marketing campaigns and videos created by influencers are highly customized advertising engagements, where Brand specific assets and collateral are created for the customer based on specific and customized specifications, and therefore, does not create an asset with an alternative use. Further, based on contract terms, we typically have an enforceable right to payment for performance to date during the term of the arrangement.

We recognize revenues for influencer marketing campaigns based on input methods which recognize revenue on the basis of the entity’s efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of a performance obligation relative to the total expected inputs to the satisfaction of that performance obligation. As such, revenues are recognized over the term of the campaign, as the influencer videos are posted, based on costs incurred to date relative to total costs for the influencer marketing campaign.

Publishing and Content Studio

Publishing and content studio revenue consists of revenue generated from immersive game development and custom game experiences within our owned and affiliate game worlds, and revenue generated in connection with our production, curation and distribution of entertainment content for our own network of digital channels and media and entertainment partner channels.

Publishing

Custom builds are highly customized branded game experiences created and built by Super League for customers on existing digital platforms such as Roblox, Fortnite, Decentraland and others. Custom builds often include the creation of highly customized and branded gaming experiences and other campaign specific media or products to create an overall customized immersive world campaign.

Custom integrations are highly customized advertising campaigns that are integrated into and run on existing affiliate Roblox gaming experiences. Custom integrations will often include the creation of highly customized and branded game integration elements to be integrated into the existing Roblox gaming experience to the customers specifications and other campaign specific media or products. Prior to the Minehut Sale, we also created custom integrations on the digital property “Minehut” for Brands.

Our custom builds and custom integration (hereinafter, “Custom Programs”) campaign revenue arrangements typically include multiple promises and performance obligations, including requirements to design, create and launch a platform game, customize and enhance an existing game, deploy media products, and related performance measurement. Custom Programs offer a strategically integrated advertising campaign with multiple integrated components, and we provide a significant service of integrating the goods or services with other goods or services promised in the contract into a bundle of goods or services that represent the combined output or outputs that the customer has contracted for. As such, Custom Program revenue arrangements are combined into a single performance unit, as our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the entity and we typically have an enforceable right to payment for performance to date during the term of the arrangement.

We recognize revenues for Custom Programs based on input methods, that recognize revenue based upon estimates of progress toward complete satisfaction of the contract performance obligations, utilizing primarily costs or direct labor hours incurred to date to estimate progress towards completion.

Content Production

Content production revenue is generated in connection with our production, curation and distribution of entertainment content for our own network of digital channels and media and entertainment partner channels. We distribute three primary types of content for syndication and licensing, including: (1) our own original programming content, (2) user generated content (“UGC”), including online gameplay and gameplay highlights, and (3) the creation of content for third parties utilizing our remote production and broadcast technology.

Content production arrangements typically involve promises to provide a distinct set of videos, creative, content creation and or other live or remote production services. These services can be one-off in nature (relatively short services periods of one day to one week) or can be specified as monthly services over a multi-month period.

One-off and monthly content production services are distinct in that the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer. Further, promises to provide one-off or monthly content production services are typically separately identifiable as the nature of the promises, within the context of the contract, is to transfer each of those goods or services individually. Each month’s content production services are separate and not integrated with a prior month’s or subsequent months services and do not represent a combined output; each months content production services do not modify any other prior period content production services, and the monthly services are not interdependent or highly interrelated.

As a result, each one-off or monthly promise to provide content production services is a distinct good or service that we promise to transfer and are therefore performance obligations. In general, content production contracts do not meet the criteria for recognition of revenues over time as the customer typically does not simultaneously receive and consume the benefits provided by our performance as we perform, our performance does not typically create or enhance an asset that the customer controls, and while our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use, we typically have a right to payment upon completion of each distinct performance obligation.

A performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time if none of the criteria for satisfying a performance obligation over time are met. For content production arrangements, we have a right to payment and the customer has control of the good or service at the time of completion and delivery of the one-off or monthly content production services in accordance with the terms of the underlying contract. As such, revenue is recognized at the time of completion of the one-off or monthly content production services.

Direct to Consumer

Direct to consumer revenue primarily consists of monthly digital subscription fees, and sales of in-game digital goods. Subscription revenue is recognized in the period the services are rendered. Payments are typically due from customers at the point of sale.

InPvP Platform Generated Sales Transactions

Through a relationship with Microsoft, the owner of Minecraft, we operate a Minecraft server world for players playing the game on consoles and tablets. We are one of seven partner servers with Microsoft that, while “free to play,” monetize the players through in-game micro transactions. We generate in-game platform sales revenue from the sale of digital goods, including cosmetic items, durable goods, player ranks and game modes, leveraging the flexibility of the Microsoft Minecraft Bedrock platform, and powered by the InPvP cloud architecture technology platform. Revenue is generated when transactions are facilitated between Microsoft and the end user, either via in-game currency or cash.

InPvP revenues are generated from single transactions for various distinct digital goods sold to users in-game. Microsoft processes sales transactions and remits the applicable revenue share to us pursuant to the terms of the Microsoft agreement.

Revenue for digital goods sold on the platform is recognized when Microsoft (our partner) collects the revenue and facilitates the transaction, including delivery of digital goods, on the platform. Revenue for such arrangements includes all revenue generated, make goods, and refunds of all transactions managed via the platform by Microsoft. Payments are made to the Company monthly based on the sales revenue generated on the platform.

Revenue was comprised of the following for the three and nine months ended September 30:

Contract assets totaled $642,000 at September 30, 2024, $546,000 at December 31, 2023, and $1,013,000 at December 31, 2022. Contract liabilities totaled $154,000 at September 30, 2024, $339,000 at December 31, 2023, and $111,000 at December 31, 2022.

In accordance with ASC 606-10-50-13, the Company is required to include disclosure on its remaining performance obligations as of the end of the current reporting period. Due to the nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, these reporting requirements are not applicable pursuant to ASC 606-10-50-14, as the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original duration of one year or less.

Seasonality. Our revenue fluctuates quarterly and is generally higher in the second half of our fiscal year, with the fourth quarter typically representing our highest revenue quarter each year. Advertising spending is traditionally seasonally strong in the second half of each year, reflecting the impact of seasonal back to school, game release and holiday season advertising spending by brands and advertisers. We believe that this seasonality in advertising spending affects our quarterly results, which generally reflect relatively higher advertising revenue in the second half of each year, compared to the first half of the year.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue includes direct costs incurred in connection with the satisfaction of performance obligations under our revenue arrangements, including internal and third-party engineering, creative, content, broadcast and other personnel, talent and influencers, internal and third-party game developers, content capture and production services, direct marketing, cloud services, software, prizing, and revenue sharing fees.

Advertising

Advertising costs include the cost of ad production, social media, print media, marketing, promotions, and merchandising. The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs are included in selling, marketing and advertising expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Advertising expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $0 and $56,000, respectively. Advertising expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $28,000 and $50,000, respectively.

Engineering, Technology and Development Costs

Components of our platform are available on a “free to use,” “always on basis,” and are utilized and offered as an audience acquisition tool, as a means of growing our audience, engagement, viewership, players and community. Engineering, technology and development related operating expense includes the costs described below, incurred in connection with our audience acquisition and viewership expansion activities. Engineering, technology and development related operating expense includes (i) allocated internal engineering personnel expense, including salaries, noncash stock compensation, taxes and benefits, (ii) third-party contract software development and engineering expense, (iii) internal use software cost amortization expense, and (iv) technology platform related cloud services, broadband and other platform expense, incurred in connection with our audience acquisition and viewership expansion activities, including tools and product offering development, testing, minor upgrades and features, free to use services, corporate information technology and general platform maintenance and support.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoice amount, less allowances for credit losses, if any, and do not bear interest. The Company provides an allowance for potential credit losses based on its evaluation of the collectability and the customers’ creditworthiness. Accounts receivable are written off when they are determined to be uncollectible. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the allowance for expected credit losses was $200,000 and $0, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Company measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy which requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1. Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2. Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices which are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.

Level 3. Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and which are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, including derivative financial instruments, contingent consideration and warrant liabilities recorded in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 480, “Distinguishing liabilities from equity,” (“ASC 480”). As described in the notes below, contingent consideration, warrant liabilities and contingent interest derivatives outstanding during the periods presented are recorded at fair value. Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2, and 3 are recognized at the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers to/from Levels 1, 2, and 3 during the periods presented.

Certain long-lived assets may be periodically required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including long-lived assets that are impaired. The fair value for other assets and liabilities such as cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other receivables, prepaid expense and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expense, and liabilities to customers have been determined to approximate carrying amounts due to the short maturities of these instruments.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. Equity instruments that are initially classified as equity that become subject to reclassification are reclassified to a liability at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. Derivative instrument liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date. In circumstances where the embedded conversion option in a convertible instrument is required to be bifurcated and there are also other embedded derivative instruments in the convertible instrument that are required to be bifurcated, the bifurcated derivative instruments are accounted for as a single, compound derivative instrument.

Equity-linked instruments that are deemed to be freestanding instruments issued in conjunction with preferred stock are accounted for separately. For equity linked instruments classified as equity, the proceeds are allocated based on the relative fair values of the preferred stock and the equity-linked instrument following the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 470, “Debt,” (“ASC 470”).

Acquisitions

Acquisition Method. Acquisitions that meet the definition of a business under FASB ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations,” (“ASC 805”) are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, assets acquired, liabilities assumed, contractual contingencies, and contingent consideration, when applicable, are recorded at fair value at the acquisition date. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The application of the acquisition method of accounting requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions in the determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the allocation of the purchase price consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Contingent consideration, representing an obligation of the acquirer to transfer additional assets or equity interests to the seller if future events occur or conditions are met, is recognized when probable and reasonably estimable. Contingent consideration recognized is included in the initial cost of the assets acquired, with subsequent changes in the recorded amount of contingent consideration recognized as an adjustment to the cost basis of the acquired assets. Subsequent changes are allocated to the acquired assets based on their relative fair value. Depreciation and/or amortization of adjusted assets are recognized as a cumulative catch-up adjustment, as if the additional amount of consideration that is no longer contingent had been accrued from the outset of the arrangement.

Contingent consideration that is paid to sellers that remain employed by the acquirer and linked to future services is generally considered compensation cost and recorded in the statement of operations in the post-combination period.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets primarily consist of (i) internal-use software development costs, (ii) domain name, copyright and patent registration costs, (iii) commercial licenses, (iv) developed technology acquired, (v) partner, customer, creator and influencer related intangible assets acquired and (vi) other intangible assets, which are recorded at cost (or in accordance with the acquisition method or cost accumulation methods described above) and amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from 3 to 10 years.

Software development costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the software’s estimated useful life, which is generally three years. Software development costs incurred during the preliminary stages of development are charged to expense as incurred. Maintenance and training costs are charged to expense as incurred. Upgrades or enhancements to existing internal-use software that result in additional functionality are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the applicable estimated useful life.

Transfer or Sale of Intangible Assets

Upon the sale of an intangible asset, or group of intangible assets (hereinafter, “nonfinancial assets”), the Company initially evaluates whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in the legal entity that holds the nonfinancial assets by applying the guidance on consolidation. Any nonfinancial assets transferred that are held in a legal entity in which the Company does not have (or ceases to have) a controlling financial interest is further evaluated to determine whether the underlying transaction contract meets all of the criteria for accounting for contract under the revenue standard. Once a contract meets all of the criteria, the Company identifies each distinct nonfinancial asset promised to a counterparty and derecognizes each distinct nonfinancial asset when the Company transfers control of the nonfinancial asset to the counterparty. The Company evaluates the point in time at which a counterparty obtains control of the nonfinancial assets, including whether or not the counterparty can direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, each distinct nonfinancial asset.

If the consideration promised in a contract is variable or includes a variable amount, the Company estimates the amount of consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised assets to a counterparty. Purchase consideration is variable if the amount the Company will receive is contingent on future events occurring or not occurring, even though the amount itself is fixed. The Company determines the total transaction price, including an estimate of any variable consideration, at contract inception and reassesses this estimate at each reporting date. The Company estimates the transaction price utilizing the expected value method. The expected value is the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts.

The accounting for an arrangement with a put option depends on the amount the Company must pay to the counterparty in the event the counterparty exercises the put option, and whether the counterparty has a significant economic incentive to exercise its right. The accounting for put options requires the Company to assess at contract inception, whether the counterparty has a significant economic incentive to exercise its right, including how the repurchase price compares to the expected market value of the nonfinancial assets at the date of repurchase and the amount of time until the right expires. A customer has a significant economic incentive to exercise a put option when the repurchase price is expected to significantly exceed the market value of the good at the time of repurchase. The Company accounts for a put option as a sale of an asset or group of assets with a right of return, if the repurchase price is less than the original sales price and the customer does not have a significant economic incentive to exercise its right.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment review, include the following: significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; significant negative industry or economic trends; significant adverse changes in legal factors or in the business climate, including adverse regulatory actions or assessments; and significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period. In the event the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recorded.

Other assets of a reporting unit that are held and used may be required to be tested for impairment when certain events trigger interim goodwill impairment tests. In such situations, other assets, or asset groups, are tested for impairment under their respective standards and the other assets’ or asset groups’ carrying amounts are adjusted for impairment before testing goodwill for impairment as described below. For the periods presented herein, management believes that there was no impairment of long-lived assets. There can be no assurance, however, that market conditions or demand for the Company’s products or services will not change, which could result in long-lived asset impairment charges in the future.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of the acquired business over the acquisition date fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) on an annual basis (December 31) and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We consider our market capitalization and the carrying value of our assets and liabilities, including goodwill, when performing our goodwill impairment tests. We operate in one reporting segment.

If a potential impairment exists, a calculation is performed to determine the fair value of existing goodwill. This calculation can be based on quoted market prices and / or valuation models, which consider the estimated future undiscounted cash flows resulting from the reporting unit, and a discount rate commensurate with the risks involved. Third-party appraised values may also be used in determining whether impairment potentially exists. In assessing goodwill impairment, significant judgment is required in connection with estimates of market values, estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, and estimates of other factors that are used to determine the fair value of our reporting unit. If these estimates or related projections change in future periods, future goodwill impairment tests may result in charges to earnings.

When conducting the Company’s annual or interim goodwill impairment assessment, we have the option to initially perform a qualitative evaluation of whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. The Company is also permitted to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the quantitative test. In evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we consider the guidance set forth in ASC 350, which requires an entity to assess relevant events and circumstances, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, financial performance and other relevant events or circumstances.

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation expense for stock-based awards is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense, typically on a straight-line basis over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award) which is generally two to four years. Compensation expense for awards with performance conditions that affect vesting is recorded only for those awards expected to vest or when the performance criteria are met. The fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards is determined by the product of the number of shares or units granted and the grant date market price of the underlying common stock. The fair value of stock option and common stock purchase warrant awards is estimated on the date of grant utilizing the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. The Company utilizes the simplified method for estimating the expected term for options granted to employees due to the lack of available or sufficient historical exercise data for the Company for the applicable options terms. The Company accounts for forfeitures of awards as they occur. Estimates of expected volatility of the underlying common stock for the expected term of the stock option used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model are determined by reference to historical volatilities of the Company’s common stock and historical volatilities of similar companies.

Grants of equity-based awards (including warrants) to non-employees in exchange for consulting or other services are accounted for using the grant date fair value of the equity instruments issued.

A condition affecting the exercisability or other pertinent factors used in determining the fair value of an award that is based on an entity achieving a specified share price constitutes a market condition pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 718, “Stock based Compensation,” (“ASC 718”). A market condition is reflected in the grant-date fair value of an award, and therefore, a Monte Carlo simulation model is utilized to determine the estimated fair value of the equity-based award. Compensation cost is recognized for awards with a market condition, provided the requisite service period is satisfied, regardless of whether the market condition is ever satisfied.

Cancellation of an existing equity-classified award along with a concurrent grant of a replacement award is accounted for as a modification under ASC 718. Total compensation cost to be recognized in connection with a modification and concurrent grant of a replacement award is equal to the original grant date fair value plus any incremental fair value, calculated as the excess of the fair value of the replacement award over the fair value of the original awards on the cancellation date. Any incremental compensation cost related to vested awards is recognized immediately on the modification date. Any incremental compensation cost related to unvested awards is recognized prospectively over the remaining service period, in addition to the remaining unrecognized grant date fair value.

On March 19, 2024, the Board approved that an equity pool consisting of (i) 1,692,606 shares of common stock, collectively, which amount is equivalent to ten percent of the then existing and outstanding common stock of the Company on an as-converted basis, be issued to executives of the Company in the following form, amounts and vesting conditions: (a) stock options to purchase 846,303 shares of common stock, with vesting at the rate of 1/36^th per month in arrears, and exercisable at a price per share of $1.85 (collectively, the “2024 Options”); and (b) restricted stock units consisting of 846,303 shares of common stock with vesting of (i) fifty percent in equal one-third increments on the first, second and third anniversaries of the restricted stock unit grant issuances, and (ii) fifty percent to be allocated equally between (a) achievement of a profitable fiscal quarter, on a net income basis, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, (b) achievement of 85% of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) target for fiscal year 2024, and (c) achievement of 85% of EBITDA target for fiscal year 2025 (with such fiscal year 2025 target to be approved by the Board as part of the fiscal year 2025 financial plan)(collectively, the “2024 RSUs”). The issuance of the 2024 Options and 2024 RSUs, as described above, is contingent upon the Company receiving approval from its stockholders to increase the number of shares available under the 2014 Plan at the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, and will be subject to cancellation in the event stockholder approval is not obtained.

Modifications to Equity-Based Awards

On January 1, 2022, the Company issued 67,500 performance stock units (“Original PSUs”) under the Company’s 2014 Amended and Restated Stock Option and Incentive Plan, which vest in five equal increments of 13,500 PSUs, based on satisfaction of the following vesting conditions during the three-year period commencing on January 1, 2022: (i) the Company’s stock price equaling $95.00 per share based on 60-day volume weighted average price (“VWAP”); (ii) the Company’s stock price equaling $120.00 per share based on 60-day VWAP; (iii) the Company’s stock price equaling $140.00 per share based on 60-day VWAP; (iv) the Company’s stock price equaling $160.00 per share based on 60-day VWAP; and (v) the Company’s stock price equaling $180.00 per share based on 60-day VWAP. The Original PSUs were fully expensed as of June 30, 2023. Noncash stock compensation expense related to the Original PSUs totaled $0 and $298,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

On April 30, 2023, the Board approved the cancellation of the 67,500 Original PSUs previously granted to certain executives (four plan participants in total) under the 2014 Plan (as described above). In exchange for the cancelled Original PSUs, the executives were granted an aggregate of 67,500 PSUs, which vest, over a five-year term, upon the Company’s common stock achieving certain VWAP goals as follows: (i) 20% upon achieving a 60-day VWAP of $16.00 per share, (ii) 20% upon achieving a 60-day VWAP of $20.00 per share; (iii) 20% upon achieving a 60-day VWAP of $24.00 per share; (iv) 20% upon achieving a 60-day VWAP of $28.00 per share; and (v) 20% upon achieving a 60-day VWAP of $32.00 per share, in each case, as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Modified PSUs”). Total incremental compensation cost related to the Modified PSUs totaled $540,000 which is recognized prospectively over the implied service period, ranging from .69 years to 1.5 years, calculated in connection with the Monte Carlo simulation model used to determine the fair value of the equity awards immediately before and after the modifications.  Noncash stock compensation expense related to the Modified PSUs totaled $28,000 and $125,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Noncash stock compensation expense related to the Modified PSUs totaled $131,000 and $220,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

On April 30, 2023, the Board approved the cancellation of certain stock options to purchase an aggregate of 58,951 shares of the Company’s common stock previously granted to certain executives and employees (six plan participants in total) under the Company’s 2014 Amended and Restated Employee Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”), with an average exercise price of approximately $56.40. In addition, the Board approved the cancellation of certain warrants to purchase an aggregate of 26,100 shares of the Company’s common stock previously granted to certain executives and employees, with an average exercise price of approximately $199.80. In exchange for the cancelled options and warrants, certain executives and employees were granted options to purchase an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock under the 2014 Plan, at an exercise price of $9.80 (the closing price of the Company’s common stock as listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market on April 28, 2023, the last trading day before the approval of the awards), with one-third of the options vesting on the April 30, 2023, the grant date, with the remainder vesting monthly over the thirty-six month period thereafter, subject to continued service (“Executive Grant Modifications”) (collectively, “Modified Executive Grants”). The grant and exercise of the Modified Executive Grants was contingent upon the Company receiving approval from its stockholders to increase the number of shares available under the 2014 Plan, which was obtained in connection with the Company’s 2023 annual shareholder meeting in September 2023. As such, the grant date and the commencement of noncash stock compensation amortization for the Modified Executive Grants was September 7, 2023. Total incremental compensation cost related to the Modified Executive Grants totaled $347,000, $112,000 of which related to vested awards as of the modification date and was recognized as expense immediately, and $235,000 related to unvested awards which is recognized prospectively over the remaining service period of 3 years. Noncash stock compensation expense related to the Modified Executive Grants totaled $54,000 and $162,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Noncash stock compensation expense related to the Modified Executive Grants totaled $132,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

On May 1, 2023, the Board approved the cancellation of options to purchase an aggregate of 29,224 shares of the Company’s common stock previously granted to its employees (68 plan participants in total) under the 2014 Plan, in exchange for newly issued options to purchase an aggregate of 63,900 shares of the Company’s common stock under the 2014 Plan, at an exercise price equal to the closing trading price on May 1, 2023, or $9.81, with a range of zero to one-third of the options vesting on the May 1, 2023, the grant date, dependent upon the tenure of the employee, and the remainder vesting monthly over the forty-eight month period thereafter, subject to continued service (“Employee Grant Modifications”)(collectively, “Modified Employee Grants”). Unrecognized compensation expense related to the original award as of the date of the Employee Grant Modifications totaled $960,000 which is recognized prospectively over the remaining service period of 4 years. Total incremental compensation cost related to the Modified Employee Grants totaled $449,000, $101,000 of which related to vested awards as of the modification date and was recognized as expense immediately, and $348,000 related to unvested awards which is recognized prospectively over the remaining service period of 4 years. Noncash stock compensation expense related to the Modified Employee Grants totaled $39,000 and $135,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Noncash stock compensation expense related to the Modified Employee Grants totaled $56,000 and $224,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Total noncash stock-based compensation expense for the periods presented was included in the following financial statement line items: 

Financing Costs

Specific incremental costs directly attributable to a proposed or actual offering of securities are deferred and charged against the gross proceeds of the equity financing. In the event that the proposed or actual equity financing is not completed, or is deemed not likely to be completed, such costs are expensed in the period that such determination is made. Deferred equity financing costs, if any, are included in other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. Deferred financing costs totaled $184,000 and $282,000 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Debt Modifications

Modifications to debt obligations are initially analyzed to determine whether the modification qualifies as a troubled debt restricting (TDR). A modification is a troubled debt restructuring if both (1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, and (2) the lender grants the borrower a concession. In determining if a company is experiencing financial difficulties for a TDR, as contemplated by the applicable standard, several factors are considered including whether the company is currently in payment default on any debt, if there is a high probability of future default without modification, bankruptcy considerations, or if there is substantial doubt about the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. A lender is granting a concession when the effective borrowing rate on the restructured debt is less than the effective borrowing rate on the original debt. The recognition and measurement of the impact of a TDR on the financial statements depends on whether the future undiscounted cash flows specified by the new terms are greater (gain is recorded in the statement of operations for the difference) or less (no gain is recorded in the statement of operations for the difference) than the carrying value of the debt.

For an exchange of debt instruments or a modification of a debt instrument by a debtor and a creditor in a nontroubled debt situation, the Company initially evaluates whether the modified debt terms are "substantially different" from the original debt. An exchange of debt instruments or a modification of a debt instrument by a debtor and a creditor is deemed to have been accomplished with debt instruments that are substantially different if the present value of the cash flows under the terms of the new debt instrument is at least 10 percent different from the present value of the remaining cash flows under the terms of the original instrument. If the terms of a debt instrument are changed or modified and the cash flow effect on a present value basis is less than 10 percent, the debt instruments are not considered to be substantially different.

If the modification is not deemed to be substantially different, the modification is accounted for as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the debt, with a recalculated effective interest rate. If the modification is deemed to be substantially different, then the modification is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original debt and issuance of new debt, requiring the recognition of a gain or loss on the extinguishment in the statement of operations.

Transfers of Financial Assets

The Company accounts for transfers of financial assets as sales when it has surrendered control over the related assets. Whether control has been relinquished requires, among other things, an evaluation of relevant legal considerations and an assessment of the nature and extent of the Company’s continuing involvement with the assets transferred. Gains and losses stemming from transfers reported as sales, if any, are included in the statements of income. Assets obtained and liabilities incurred in connection with transfers reported as sales are initially recognized in the balance sheet at fair value.

Transfers of financial assets that do not qualify for sale accounting are reported as collateralized borrowings. Accordingly, the related assets remain on the Company’s balance sheet and continue to be reported and accounted for as if the transfer had not occurred. Cash proceeds from these transfers are reported as liabilities, with attributable interest expense recognized over the life of the related transactions. Commitment fees charged irrespective of drawdown activity are recognized as expense on a straight line basis over the commitment period and included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 3 for additional information.

Reportable Segments

The Company utilizes the management approach to identify the Company’s operating segments and measure the financial information disclosed, based on information reported internally to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to make resource allocation and performance assessment decisions. An operating segment of a public entity has all the following characteristics: (1) it engages in business activities from which it may earn revenue and incur expense; (2) its operating results are regularly reviewed by the public entity’s CODM to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance: and (3) its discrete financial information is available. Based on the applicable criteria under the standard, the components of the Company’s operations are its: (1) media and advertising component, including its publishing and content studio component; and (2) the Company’s direct-to-consumer component.

A reportable segment is an identified operating segment that also exceeds the quantitative thresholds described in the applicable standard. Based on the applicable criteria under the standard, including quantitative thresholds, management has determined that the Company has one reportable segment that operated primarily in domestic markets during the periods presented herein.

Concentration of Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents are also invested in deposits with certain financial institutions and may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Risks and Uncertainties

Concentrations. The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue, or whose accounts receivable balances individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable, and vendors whose accounts payable balances individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts payable, as follows:

Revenue concentrations were comprised of the following revenue categories:

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the income or loss by the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock for the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the income or loss by the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock for the applicable period, including the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents. Potentially dilutive common stock equivalents primarily consist of common stock potentially issuable in connection with the conversion of outstanding preferred stock, convertible notes payable, employee stock options, warrants issued to employees and non-employees in exchange for services and warrants issued in connection with financings.

Common stock underlying all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and warrants, totaling 3,782,000 and 1,044,000 at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, have been excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share because the effect of inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Common stock potentially issuable in connection with the conversion of outstanding preferred stock totaling 11,346,000 and 4,077,000 at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, have been excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share because the effect of inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Common stock potentially issuable in connection with the exercise of outstanding additional investment rights, as described below, totaling 8,414,000 and 1,682,000 at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, have been excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share because the effect of inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

A reconciliation of net loss to net loss attributable to common stockholders is as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30:

Modifications of Preferred Stock Instruments

The financial statement impact of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity- classified written call options is recognized in the same manner as if cash had been paid as consideration. The Company considers the circumstances of modifications or exchanges of the instrument to determine whether the modification or exchange is related to a financing or other arrangement. The effect of a modification or an exchange is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified or exchanged instrument over the fair value of that instrument immediately before it is modified or exchanged. The effect of a modification or an exchange that is directly attributable to a proposed or actual equity offering is recognized as an equity issuance cost.

For preferred stock instruments classified as liabilities under ASC 480 (see placement agent warrants described below), the Company follows the accounting models for the modification or extinguishment of debt, which require that modifications or exchanges of preferred stock instruments classified as liabilities are considered extinguishments, with gains or losses recognized in current earnings if the terms of the new instrument and original instrument are substantially different.

Preferred Stock Dividends

Dividends on preferred stock paid in another class of stock are recorded at the fair value of the shares issued as a charge to retained earnings. Dividends declared on preferred stock that are payable in the Company’s common shares are deducted from earnings available to common shareholders when computing earnings per share. Dividends on preferred stock that are due, but unpaid, are reflected in accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet until paid.

Certain of the Company’s outstanding preferred stock contain a conversion price down round feature subject to a contractual floor pursuant to the underlying rights in the applicable certificate of designation. Upon the occurrence of a triggering event that results in a reduction of the conversion price for an equity-classified convertible preferred stock, the Company measures the value of the effect of the feature as the difference between the fair value of the financial instrument without the down round feature, with a conversion price corresponding to the currently stated conversion price of the issued instrument, and the fair value of the financial instrument without the down round feature with a conversion price corresponding to the reduced conversion price upon the down round feature being triggered. The value of the effect of a down round feature that is triggered is recognized as a charge to retained earnings and a reduction to income available to common stockholders in the computation of earnings per share. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, total charges to retained earnings as a result of the triggering of down round features related to Series AA Preferred stock totaled $6,446,000. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements or income tax returns. A valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets if all, or some portion, of such assets will more than likely not be realized, or if it is determined that there is uncertainty regarding future realization of such assets.

Under U.S. GAAP, a tax position is a position in a previously filed tax return, or a position expected to be taken in a future tax filing that is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Tax positions are recognized only when it is more likely than not, based on technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. Tax positions that meet the more likely than not thresholds are measured using a probability weighted approach as the largest amount of tax benefit being realized upon settlement. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments, and which may not accurately forecast actual outcomes. Management believes the Company has no uncertain tax positions for the periods presented.

Contingencies

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management, in consultation with its legal counsel as appropriate, assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company, in consultation with legal counsel, evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims, as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein. If the assessment of a contingency indicates it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable, but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss, if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed.

Recent Accounting Guidance

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”) which updates required disclosures of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM and included within each reported measure of a segment's profit or loss. This standard also requires disclosure of the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, though early adoption is permitted. Adoption of ASU 2023-07 should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the presentational impact of ASU 2023-07 and expects to adopt in the year ended December 31, 2024.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”) which enhances the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures. The updates are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective or retrospective basis, though early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the presentational impact of ASU 2023-09 and expects to adopt the standard in the year ended December 31, 2025.

Amortization expense included in operating expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $610,000 and $1,896,000, respectively. Amortization expense included in operating expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $1,228,000 and $3,832,000, respectively. Amortization expense included in cost of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $0 and $31,000, respectively.

The Company expects to record amortization of intangible assets for the year ending December 31, 2024 and future fiscal years as follows:

Sale of Minehut

On February 29, 2024, the Company sold its Minehut Assets to GamerSafer in a transaction approved by the board of directors of the Company. Pursuant to the GS Agreement entered into by and between GamerSafer, the Company will receive $1.0 million of purchase consideration for the Minehut Assets, which amount will be paid by GamerSafer in revenue and royalty sharing over a multiple-year period, as described in the GS Agreement. Other than with respect to the GS Agreement, there is no relationship between the Company or its affiliates with GamerSafer or its affiliates. The transaction allows Super League to streamline its position in partnering with major brands to build, market, and operate 3D experiences across multiple immersive platforms, including open gaming powerhouses like Minecraft, and aligns with the Company’s cost improvement initiatives. Super League and GamerSafer will maintain a commercial relationship which ensures that Minehut can remain an ongoing destination available to Super League’s partners. The carrying value of Minehut related assets totaled $475,000 as of February 26, 2024, comprised of total carrying costs of $1,671,000, net of accumulated amortization of $1,196,000, and historically were included in intangible assets, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company recorded a receivable for the total estimated purchase consideration totaling $619,000, of which $224,000 was initially included in prepaid expense and other current assets and $395,000 is included in other receivables in noncurrent assets, and recognized a gain on sale of the Minehut Assets totaling $144,000, which is included in other income in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Purchase Consideration in the GS Agreement is variable pursuant to the guidance set forth in ASC 606. Under ASC 606, purchase consideration is variable if the amount the Company will receive is contingent on future events occurring or not occurring, even though the amount itself is fixed. As such, the Company estimated the amount of consideration to which the Company will be entitled, in exchange for transferring the Minehut Assets to GamerSafer, utilizing the expected value method which is the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration outcomes over the applicable contractual payment period, resulting in an estimated receivable of $619,000. Amounts collected over and above the estimated purchase consideration recorded at contract inception, if any, will be recognized as additional gains on the sale of Minehut Assets when realized in future periods, up to the $1.0 million stated contractual amount of purchase consideration. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company calculated royalties due from GamerSafer pursuant to the GS Agreement totaling $46,000 and $209,000, respectively.

In the event GamerSafer does not make royalty or shortfall payments in the amount of $1.0 million by December 31, 2028 (“Payment Deadline”), GamerSafer shall assign and transfer all of the purchased assets back to the Company. In the event that GamerSafer determines in good faith that the acquisition of the assets and the operation of GamerSafer’s related Minehut business becomes operationally unsustainable for any reason, GamerSafer reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate operations (the “Termination”). In the event a Termination occurs prior to the Purchase Consideration being paid in full, then in such event GamerSafer shall promptly assign all Minehut Assets and back to the Company.

Disposal of intangible assets

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company assigned the intangible assets originally acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Bannerfy in fiscal year 2021, to the original sellers. The assets were disposed of in connection with management’s review of operations and decision to allocate resources elsewhere. As a result, the Company recorded a write-off of net developed technology related intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition of Bannerfy totaling $2,284,000, which is included in “Loss on intangible asset disposal” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Developed technology related intangibles asset acquisition costs were reduced $3,069,000, and related accumulated depreciation was reduced $785,000, in connection with the disposal of the intangible asset.

Acquisition of Melon, Inc.

On May 4, 2023 (“Melon Acquisition Date”), Super League entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Melon Purchase Agreement”) with Melon, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Melon”), pursuant to which the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Melon (the “Melon Assets”) (the “Melon Acquisition”). The consummation of the Acquisition (the “Melon Closing”) occurred simultaneously with the execution of the Purchase Agreement. Melon is a development studio building innovative virtual worlds in partnership with powerful consumer brands across music, film, TV, sports, fashion and youth culture. The acquisition of Melon further strengthens the Company’s position as a one-stop solutions provider and strategic operating partner for brands and businesses seeking to expand and activate communities throughout the gaming metaverse.

At the Melon Closing, the Company paid an aggregate total of $900,000 to Melon (the “Melon Closing Consideration”), of which $150,000 was paid in cash, and the remaining $750,000 was paid in the form of shares of the Company’s common stock (with a closing date fair value of $722,000), valued at $9.64 (the “Closing Share Price”), the VWAP, as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market, for the five (5) trading days immediately preceding May 4, 2023. Refer to the table below for calculation of the fair value of consideration paid.

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions of the Purchase Agreement, up to an aggregate of $2,350,000 (the “Melon Contingent Consideration”) will be payable to Melon in connection with the achievement of certain revenue milestones for the period from the Melon Closing until December 31, 2023 (the “Melon First Earnout Period”) in the amount of $1,000,000, and for the year ending December 31, 2024 (the “Melon Second Earnout Period”) in the amount of $1,350,000 (the “Melon Second Earnout Period” and the “Melon First Earnout Period” are collectively referred to as the “Melon Earnout Periods”). The Melon Contingent Consideration is payable in the form of cash and common stock, with $600,000 of the aggregate Melon Contingent Consideration being payable in the form of cash, and $1,750,000 payable in the form of common stock, valued at the greater of (a) the Closing Share Price, and (b) the VWAP for the five trading days immediately preceding the end of each respective Melon Earnout Period.

Additionally, pursuant to the Melon Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into employment agreements with two former key Melon employees (“Key Melon Employees”), pursuant to which the Key Melon Employees were granted inducement awards consisting of restricted stock unit awards (“RSUs”) to acquire an aggregate of 103,780 shares of the Company’s common stock. The awards were granted pursuant to terms and conditions fixed by the Compensation Committee of the Board and as an inducement material to each new employee entering employment with Super League in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635I(4). Of the 103,780 RSUs: (A) 41,512 of the RSUs will vest in 25 equal monthly installments beginning on May 4, 2023, and on the first of each calendar month, subject to the applicable employee’s continued service with Super League on each such vesting date; and (B) 62,268 of the RSUs will vest as follows: (i) 25% will vest upon the achievement of certain net revenue targets for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, to be determined by the Board in its discretion; (ii) 25% upon the achievement of certain net revenue targets for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025, to be determined by the Board in its sole discretion; (iii) 25% upon Super League’s common stock maintaining a minimum closing price of at least $30.00 over a rolling 30 consecutive trading day period, as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market; and (iv) 25% upon Super League’s common stock maintaining a minimum closing price of at least $50.00 over a rolling 30 consecutive trading day period, as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The vesting of the RSUs will accelerate upon a change of control of the Company. In addition, upon (Y) the Company’s termination of the employment of the respective employee without cause, or (Z) the respective employees resignation for good reason, the RSUs will continue to vest as if (Y) or (Z) had not occurred. The RSUs are subject to the terms and conditions of the RSU agreement covering each grant.

The Acquisition was approved by the board of directors of each of the Company and Melon and was approved by the sole stockholder of Melon.

In accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, the financial results of Super League presented herein include the financial results of Melon subsequent to the Melon Closing Date. Disclosure of revenue and net loss for Melon on a stand-alone basis for the applicable periods presented is not practical due to the integration of Melon activities, including sales, products, advertising inventory, resource allocation and related operating expense, with those of the consolidated Company upon acquisition, consistent with Super League operating in one reporting segment.

The Company determined that the Melon Acquisition constitutes a business acquisition as defined by ASC 805. Accordingly, the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in the transaction were recorded at their estimated acquisition date fair values, while transaction costs associated with the acquisition, totaling approximately $47,000, were expensed as incurred pursuant to the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805. Super League’s preliminary purchase price allocation was based on an evaluation of the appropriate fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and represents management’s best estimate based on available data. Fair values are determined based on the requirements of ASC 820.

The following table summarizes the determination of the fair value of the purchase price consideration paid in connection with the Melon Acquisition, as of the Melon Closing Date:

The purchase price allocation was based upon an estimate of the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed by the Company in connection with the Melon Acquisition, as of the Melon Closing Date, as follows:

The following table presents details of the fair values of the acquired intangible assets of Melon:

Contingent consideration is recorded as a liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in accordance with ASC 480, which requires freestanding financial instruments where the Company must or could settle the obligation by issuing a variable number of its shares, and the obligation’s monetary value is based solely or predominantly on variations in something other than the fair value of the Company’s shares, to be recorded as a liability at fair value and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. The estimated fair value of the Melon Contingent Consideration was $538,000 at December 31, 2023. The fair value of the Melon Contingent Consideration on the respective valuation dates was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation model and measured using Level 3 inputs, as described at Note 2. Assumptions utilized in connection with utilization of the Monte Carlo simulation model for the periods presented included risk free interest rates ranging from 4.04 % to 5.35%, volatility rates ranging from 70% to 85%, and discount rate of 30%.

The change in fair value, which is included in contingent consideration expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the applicable periods present was comprised of the following: 

Aggregated amortization expense related to intangible assets acquired in connection with the Melon Acquisition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $27,000 and $80,000, respectively. Aggregated amortization expense related to intangible assets acquired in connection with the Melon Acquisition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $37,000 and $60,000, respectively.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of the acquired business over the acquisition date fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill recorded in connection with the Melon Acquisition is primarily attributable to expected synergies from combining the operations and assets of Super League and Melon, and also includes residual value attributable to the assembled and trained workforce acquired in the acquisition.

Management is primarily responsible for determining the fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Melon Closing Date. Management considered a number of factors, including reference to a preliminary independent analysis of estimated fair values solely for the purpose of allocating the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The analysis included a preliminary discounted cash flow analysis which estimated the future net cash flows expected to result from the respective assets acquired as of the Melon Closing Date. A discount rate consistent with the risks associated with achieving the estimated net cash flows was used to estimate the present value of future estimated net cash flows. The Company is in the process of finalizing the estimates and assumptions developed in connection with the independent analysis of estimated fair values of intangible assets acquired solely for the purpose of allocating the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any adjustments to the fair values of intangible assets acquired, or estimates of economic useful lives of the intangible assets acquired, could impact the carrying value of those assets and related goodwill, as well as the estimates of periodic amortization of intangible assets acquired to be reflected in the statement of operations.

The fair values of the acquired intangible assets, as described above, was determined using the following methods:

For tax purposes, consistent with the accounting for book purposes, the Melon Closing Consideration was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with the excess purchase price allocated to goodwill. As a result, no deferred tax assets or liabilities were recorded with the acquisition and all of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The following unaudited pro forma combined results of operations for the periods presented are provided for illustrative purposes only. The unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, assume the acquisition occurred as of January 1, 2022. The unaudited pro forma combined financial results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations for future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had the entities been a single entity during these periods.

Pro forma adjustments primarily relate to the amortization of identifiable intangible assets acquired over the estimated economic useful life as described above, the exclusion of nonrecurring transaction costs, the exclusion of depreciation related to tangible and intangible assets of Melon existing immediately prior to the Melon Acquisition Date, and adjustments related to administrative redundancies.

Acquisition of Super Biz – Contingent Consideration

On October 4, 2021 (“Super Biz Closing Date”), the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Super Biz Purchase Agreement”) with Super Biz Co. and the founders of Super Biz (the “Founders”), pursuant to which the Company acquired (i) substantially all of the assets of Super Biz (the “Super Biz Assets”), and (ii) the personal goodwill of the Founders regarding Super Biz’s business, (the “Super Biz Acquisition”). The consummation of the Super Biz Acquisition (the “Super Biz Closing”) occurred simultaneously with the execution of the Super Biz Purchase Agreement on the Super Biz Closing Date.

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions of the Super Biz Purchase Agreement, up to an aggregate amount $11.5 million will be payable to Super Biz and the Founders in connection with the achievement of certain revenue milestones for the period from the Super Biz Closing Date until December 31, 2022 (“Initial Earn Out Period”) and for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 (the “Super Biz Second Earn Out Period”) (“Super Biz Earn Out Periods”). The Super Biz Contingent Consideration is payable in the form of both cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, in equal amounts, as more specifically set forth in the Super Biz Purchase Agreement.

The Company hired the Founders of Super Biz in connection with the Super Biz Acquisition. Pursuant to the provisions of the Super Biz Purchase Agreement, in the event that a Founder ceases to be an employee during any of the Super Biz Earn Out Periods, as a consequence of his resignation without good cause, or termination for cause, the Super Biz Contingent Consideration will be reduced by one-half (50%) for the respective Super Biz Earn Out Periods, if and when earned. Under ASC 805, a contingent consideration arrangement in which the payments are automatically forfeited if employment terminates is considered to be compensation for post-combination services, and not acquisition consideration. As such, the Super Biz Contingent Consideration, is accounted for as post-combination services and expensed in the period that payment of any amounts of contingent consideration is determined to be probable and reasonably estimable. Contingent consideration is recorded as a liability in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets in accordance with ASC 480, which requires freestanding financial instruments where the company must or could settle the obligation by issuing a variable number of its shares, and the obligation's monetary value is based solely or predominantly on variations in something other than the fair value of the company's shares, to be recorded as a liability at fair value and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The change in accrued Super Biz Contingent Consideration and the related income statement impact for the periods presented was comprised of the following:

Issuance of Promissory Note. In August 2024, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to the Founders in connection with the remaining Super Biz Second Earn Out Period accrued contingent consideration outstanding, with a principal amount totaling approximately $1.8 million, whereby the Company is obligated to pay the outstanding contingent consideration on the following repayment terms (“Super Biz Note”):

Interest accrues on the outstanding principal at the rate of 8.5% per annum, and accrues until the earlier of (i) repayment of the Super Biz Note in full, or (ii) the Maturity Date; provided, however, during the existence of an event of default, as defined in the Super Biz Note, interest shall accrue on all outstanding principal at the contractual default rate, as defined in the Super Biz Note. Super Biz Note related interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $25,000 and $25,000, respectively.

All outstanding principal and accrued interest may be prepaid by the Company prior to the Maturity Date at the election of the Company. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, as defined in the Super Biz Note, the Founders may at any time declare all unpaid obligations to be immediately due and payable.

Restricted Common Stock Issuance. In addition, in connection with the issuance of the Super Biz Note, during the period commencing January 2, 2025 and concluding on January 6, 2025, the Company will issue 98,438 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Founders.

The issuance of the Super Biz Note in exchange for the related accrued contingent consideration balance was accounted for as an extinguishment of the original liability due to the fact that the present value of the cash flows under the terms of Super Biz Note was determined to be at least 10 percent different from the present value of the remaining cash flows under the terms of the original obligation. As a result, a gain on extinguishment totaling $336,000 was recorded in the statement of operations, and credited to additional paid in capital (included in “Other” in the consolidated statement of stockholder’s equity), for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily comprised of the fair value of the 98,438 shares of restricted stock (based on closing price of our common stock on the date of issuance of the Super Biz Note) to be issued, as described above.

The default interest provision included in the Super Biz Note represents an embedded derivative with a fair value of $171,000 as of August 1, 2024, the date of issuance of the Super Biz Note. The fair value of the derivative liability is included in the September 30, 2024 balance sheet under the caption “Promissory note – contingent consideration,” and is required to be marked to market at each balance sheet. The change in fair value of the derivative liability was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Accounts Receivable Financing Facility

Super League Enterprise, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively with the Company, the “Borrowers”), entered into a Financing and Security Agreement (the “SLR Agreement”) with SLR Digital Finance, LLC (“Lender”), effective December 17, 2023 (the “Facility Effective Date”). Pursuant to the SLR Agreement, Lender may, from time to time and in its sole discretion, make certain cash advances to the Company (each an “Advance”, and collectively, “Advances”), against the face amounts of certain uncollected accounts receivable of the Borrowers on an account-by-account basis (each, a “Financed Account”, and collectively, the “Accounts”), at a rate of 85% multiplied by the face value of such Account (the “Advance Rate”), less any reserved funds and any other amounts due to Lender from Borrowers, up to a maximum aggregate Advance amount of $4,000,000 (the “Maximum Amount”)(collectively, the “AR Facility”). Upon receipt of any Advance, Borrowers will have assigned all of its rights in such receivables and all proceeds thereof. The proceeds received from the Facility will be used to fund general working capital needs.

The SLR Agreement is effective for 24 months from the Facility Effective Date (the “Term”), automatically extends for successive Terms (each, a “Renewal Term”), and the Borrowers’ are obligated to pay the Lender an early termination fee in the event the SLR Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances prior to the end of any Term or Renewal Term, as more specifically set forth in the SLR Agreement.

In connection with the AR Facility, the Company agreed to, among other things, (i) pay a finance fee equal to 2% of the Maximum Amount, payable in 24 equal monthly installments on the last day of each month of the Term until paid in full, (ii) pay a servicing fee equal to 0.30% multiplied by the actual average daily amount of Advances outstanding at the time of determination (the “Outstanding Amount”) for the applicable month, on the last day of each calendar month during the Term (or so long as any obligations arising under the SLR Agreement are outstanding); (iii) be charged a monthly financing fee (the “Financing Fee”), due upon receipt of full payment of a Financed Account by Lender, equal to 1/12 of (a) the prime rate plus 2% (the “Facility Rate”), multiplied by (b) the amount of the Outstanding Amount; and (iv) utilize the facility such that the monthly average aggregate Advances outstanding is at $400,000 (the “Minimum Utilization”). In the event that Borrower’s monthly utilization is less than the applicable Minimum Utilization for any month, the Financing Fee for such month shall be calculated as if the applicable Minimum Utilization has been satisfied.

The SLR Agreement imposes various restrictions on the activities of the Borrowers, including a prohibition on fundamental changes to the Company or its subsidiaries (including certain consolidations, mergers and sales and transfers of assets, and limitations on the ability of the Borrowers to grant liens upon their property or assets). The SLR Agreement includes standard Events of Default (as defined in the SLR Agreement), and provide that, upon the occurrence of certain events of default, Lender may, among other things, immediately collect any obligation owing to Lender under the SLR Agreement, cease advancing money to the Borrowers, take possession of any collateral, and/or charge interest at a rate equal to the lesser of (i) 6% above the Facility Rate, and (ii) the highest default rate permitted by applicable law.

As security for the full and prompt payment and performance of any obligations arising under the SLR Agreement, the Borrowers granted to Lender a continuing first priority security interest in all the assets of the Borrowers. The SLR Agreement also provides for customary provisions, including representations, warranties and covenants, indemnification, waiver of jury trial, arbitration, and the exercise of remedies upon a breach or default.

Transfers of financial assets that do not qualify for sale accounting are reported as collateralized borrowings. Financing and servicing fees calculated with reference to amounts advanced under the AR Facility are included in interest expense. The commitment fee, based on the maximum facility amount and payable irrespective of drawdowns, is expensed on a straight line basis over the term of the AR Facility and included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations.

Total amounts advanced under the AR Facility for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $1,033,000. Total repayments of advances under the AR Facility for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $1,833,000. Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $19,000 and $52,000, respectively. Commitment fee expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $10,000 and $30,000, respectively.

Convertible Notes Payable at Fair Value

On May 16, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with three institutional investors (collectively, the “Note Holders”) providing for the sale and issuance of a series of senior convertible notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $4,320,000, of which 8% is an original issue discount (“OID”) (each, a “Note,” and, collectively, the “Notes,” and such financing, the “Note Offering”). The Notes accrued interest at a guaranteed annual rate of 9% per annum, were set to mature 12 months from the date of issuance, and were convertible at the option of the Note Holders into that number of shares of the Company’s common stock, equal to the sum of the outstanding principal balance, accrued and unpaid interest, and accrued and unpaid late charges (the “Conversion Amount”), divided by $80.00 (the “Conversion Price”), subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events as more specifically set forth in the Note, as amended. In the event of the occurrence of an event of default, the Note Holders may, at the Note Holder’s option, convert all, or any part of, the Conversion Amount into shares of common stock at 90% of the lowest volume weighted average price of the ten trading days preceding the date for which the price is being calculated.

In addition, the Company was required to redeem all or a portion of the Notes under certain circumstances, and, in the event the Company consummated a subsequent equity financing, then the Note Holders had the right, but not the obligation, to require the Company to use 50% of the gross proceeds raised from such sale to redeem all or any portion of the Conversion Amount then remaining under the Notes, in cash, at a price equal to the Conversion Amount being redeemed.

The Notes were issued with an original issue discount of $320,000, or 8%, which was recorded as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the Notes. The original issue discount was amortized using the interest method over the contractual term of the Notes and reflected as interest expense in the statement of operations. At December 31, 2022, the balance of the original issue discount was $40,000. Amortization of original issue discount for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $0 and $40,000, respectively.

Interest paid during the three months ended March 31, 2023 totaled $180,000. At December 31, 2022, the remaining principal balance of the Notes totaled $539,000, and accrued interest totaled $180,000, both of which were paid in full during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, all amounts of principal and interest under the Notes were fully paid, resulting in a Convertible note payable and accrued interest balance of $0.

Reverse Stock Split

On September 7, 2023, the Company filed the 2023 Second Amendment to the Company’s Charter, to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratio of 1-for-20 (the “Reverse Split”). The Reverse Split was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on July 5, 2023, and approved by the stockholders of the Company on September 7, 2023. The 2023 Second Amendment became effective on September 11, 2023. The Company’s shares began trading on a Reverse Split-adjusted basis on the Nasdaq Capital Market on September 11, 2023.

As a result of the Reverse Split, every 20 shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock was automatically combined and converted into one issued and outstanding share of common stock. No fractional shares of common stock were issued as a result of the Reverse Split. Instead, in lieu of any fractional shares to which a stockholder of record would otherwise be entitled as a result of the Reverse Split, the Company paid cash (without interest) equal to the value of such fractional share. The Reverse Split did not modify the rights or preferences of the common stock.

All references to common stock, warrants to purchase common stock, options to purchase common stock, restricted stock, share data, per share data and related information contained in the financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effect of the Reverse Split for all periods presented.

Preferred Stock

The Company’s initial certificate of incorporation authorized 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. In October 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors and a majority of the holders of the Company’s common stock approved an amendment and restatement of the certificate of incorporation which, in part, eliminated the authorized preferred stock. In August 2018, the Board of Directors approved a second amendment and restatement of the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the “Amended and Restated Charter”) to, in part, increase the Company’s authorized capital to a total of 110.0 million shares, including 10.0 million shares of newly created preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Preferred Stock”), authorize the Board of Directors to fix the designation and number of each series of Preferred Stock, and to determine or change the designation, relative rights, preferences, and limitations of any series of Preferred Stock. The Amended and Restated Charter was approved by a majority of the Company’s stockholders in September 2018, and was filed with the State of Delaware in November 2018. All references in the accompanying consolidated financial statements to Preferred Stock have been restated to reflect the Amended and Restated Charter.

Common Stock

The Amended and Restated Charter also increased the Company’s authorized capital to include 100.0 million shares of common stock, par value $0.001, and removed the deemed liquidation provision, as such term is defined in the Amended and Restated Charter. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held at all meetings of stockholders.

On May 30, 2023, the Company filed the 2023 First Amendment to its Charter, increasing the number of authorized shares of common stock from 100,000,000 to 400,000,000. The Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2023 First Amendment on March 17, 2023, and the Company obtained the approval of the 2023 First Amendment by written consent of its stockholders holding greater than 50% of the voting securities of the Company on April 5, 2023.

Equity Financings

Convertible Preferred Stock

On the dates set forth in the table below, we entered into subscription agreements with accredited investors in connection with the sale of newly designated Series of Convertible Preferred Stock, each series having a $0.001 par value and a $1,000 purchase price (“Stated Value”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “Convertible Preferred Stock, and the individual offerings of preferred stock referred to by the combination of “Series” and the specific letter designation of each series (i.e. “Series A Preferred Stock Offering” refers to the Series A preferred stock offering, and “Series A Preferred Stock” refers to Series A convertible preferred stock), and each series of Convertible Preferred Stock issued, collectively referred to as “Preferred Stock Offerings,” as follows (rounded to the nearest thousands, except preferred share and conversion price data):