As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 17, 2014.

Registration No. 333-


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________________
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
___________________________________
WORKIVA LLC (to be converted into)
WORKIVA INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
7372
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)
26-3147209
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
2900 University Blvd
Ames, IA 50010
(888) 275-3125
(Address, including zip code and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Matthew M. Rizai, Chief Executive Officer
2900 University Blvd
Ames, IA 50010
(888) 275-3125
(Name, address, including zip code and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
___________________________________

 
Copies to:
 
Kimberly K. Rubel
Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP
191 N. Wacker Drive, Suite 3700
Chicago, Illinois 60606
(312) 569-1000
Troy M. Calkins
General Counsel
55 West Monroe St., Suite 3490
Chicago, IL 60603
(312) 988-0737
David A. Schuette
Jennifer J. Carlson
Mayer Brown LLP
71 S. Wacker Drive
Chicago, IL 60606
(312) 782-0600
___________________________________
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ¨



If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨
 
Accelerated filer ¨
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer ý     (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company ¨
_________________________________
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of each Class of
Securities to be registered
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price (1)
Amount of
Registration Fee
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
$
100,000,000

$
11,620

(1)  
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and includes shares of our Class A common stock that the underwriters have an option to purchase to cover over-allotments, if any.
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.







EXPLANATORY NOTE
Workiva LLC is a Delaware limited liability company. Prior to the effectiveness of this registration statement, Workiva LLC will be converted into a Delaware corporation and renamed Workiva Inc. Shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Workiva Inc. are being offered by the prospectus that forms a part of this registration statement. For convenience, except as the context otherwise requires, all information included in this prospectus is presented giving effect to the conversion of the company into a corporation.





The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)
Issued October 17, 2014
Shares

Class A Common Stock
_________________
This is an initial public offering of shares of Class A common stock of Workiva Inc. We are selling shares of our Class A common stock in this offering.
We expect the public offering price to be between $ and $ per share. Currently, no public market exists for the shares. After pricing of the offering, we expect that the shares will trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WK” .
Following this offering, we will have two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of our Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and is not convertible into any other shares of our capital stock. Each share of our Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of our Class A common stock at any time. Our Class B common stock also will automatically convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon certain transfers. The beneficial owners of our Class B common stock will be our executive officers who were our managing directors immediately prior to our conversion into a corporation. The holders of our Class B common stock will hold approximately % of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock following this offering.
_________________
We are an “emerging growth company” under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission rules and will be eligible for reduced public company disclosure requirements. Investing in our Class A common stock involves risks that are described in the ‘‘Risk Factors’’ section beginning on page 15 of this prospectus.
_________________
 
 
 
Price to Public
 
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions (1)
 
Proceeds to
Workiva Inc.
Per Class A Share
 
$
 
$
 
$
Total
 
$
 
$
 
$
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) See the section titled “Underwriting” for a description of the compensation payable to the underwriters.
The underwriters may also exercise their option to purchase up to an additional           shares of Class A common stock from us at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus to cover over-allotments, if any.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of our Class A common stock to purchasers on , .
_________________
MORGAN STANLEY

 
CREDIT SUISSE
 
 
 
 
 
BAIRD
RAYMOND JAMES
STIFEL
_________________
,




















TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Page
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
___________________________________
You should rely only on the information contained in this document and any free writing prospectus we provide to you. Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses we have prepared. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.
___________________________________
For investors outside the United States: We have not and the underwriters have not done anything that would permit this offering, or possession or distribution of this prospectus, in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of Class A common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.
DEALER PROSPECTUS DELIVERY OBLIGATION
Through and including (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in our Class A common stock, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to unsold allotments or subscriptions.


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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision. Before investing in our Class A common stock, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and the information set forth in this prospectus under the sections “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Some of the statements in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, we will complete a corporate conversion transaction, pursuant to which we will convert from a Delaware limited liability company into a Delaware corporation and change our name from Workiva LLC to Workiva Inc. In conjunction with the corporate conversion, all of our outstanding equity units will automatically be converted into shares of our common stock and the members of Workiva LLC will become stockholders of Workiva Inc.
WORKIVA INC.
Overview
Workiva has pioneered a cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform for enterprises to collaboratively collect, manage, report and analyze critical business data in real time. Our secure software platform, Wdesk, allows users to integrate and control all of their business data, regardless of format or location, with innovative live-linking technology. Our proprietary, integrated word processing, spreadsheet and presentation applications, built upon our data engine, allow thousands of users to collaborate simultaneously on data-linked reports and documents. Wdesk empowers our customers to dynamically define their business processes and optimize workflows so that critical data can be reported and analyzed more efficiently. Our customers can gain insights based on their trusted data, which enables better real-time decision-making. Additionally, our customers deploy our solutions to serve as a single system of record for critical data, to reduce risk and operational costs, and to increase efficiency in business reporting. As of September 30, 2014 , we provided our solutions to more than 2,100 enterprise customers, including over 60% of both the Fortune 500 and Fortune 100.
Enterprises struggle to manage, report, analyze and understand their ever-expanding volume of data. Executives need to leverage this data to make real-time decisions to improve performance and reduce risk. In addition, many businesses are required to report an increasing amount of disparate information to a variety of regulators, further straining their ability to produce meaningful and consistent data and reports on a timely basis. The explosion of data within enterprises has rendered existing processes and legacy technologies inefficient at helping users find, understand and report the most critical and relevant information on a timely basis. To create business reports, many organizations rely on manual processes, large teams and a variety of point solutions, such as business productivity, email and general-purpose collaboration software. Exacerbating these challenges is the continued growth in size and complexity of many enterprises, which results in employees and data spread around the world. The stakes for enterprises are high; reporting incorrect, incomplete or untimely information exposes organizations to potential liability, reputational risk and a weakened competitive position.
Workiva empowers organizations to address these challenges by providing a cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform that we believe is fundamentally changing the way people work. Our Wdesk product platform allows multiple users to simultaneously create, review and publish data-linked documents and reports with greater control, accuracy and productivity than ever before. We offer our customers solutions for compliance, risk, sustainability and management reporting, as well as enterprise risk management. Underlying these solutions is our scalable, enterprise-grade data engine that collects, aggregates and manages our customers’ unstructured and structured data.


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Wdesk allows users to work anytime from anywhere with an internet connection, enabling them to:
Create trusted datasets that are linked and aggregated throughout Wdesk documents, spreadsheets, presentations and reports.
Control access to datasets, reports and workflows throughout the organization and beyond.
Collaborate among thousands of users working in real time in a cloud-based workspace.
Present critical data and reports to internal and external constituents.
Decide with confidence based on trusted data and reports, enabling better and faster decision-making.
Wdesk allows users to define, automate and change their business processes in real time for what they need, when they need it, with little or no involvement from IT personnel. Our proprietary data engine includes live-linking technology that enables users to automatically propagate any changes to data, including numbers, text, charts and graphics, across every instance in which that data appears in the Wdesk workspace. Live-linking allows customers to use trusted data to more quickly and accurately produce and update business reports. Wdesk provides accountability and transparency through a detailed audit trail that tracks every change made by any user over time. Control is robust, with customized permissions for each user to read, write and edit specific sections of documents.
In March 2013, we launched our Wdesk platform, under which we currently offer solutions for compliance, risk, sustainability and management reporting, as well as enterprise risk management. We developed these solutions to address our customers’ immediate challenges. Our first solution was focused on reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). SEC filings, such as Form 10‑K, Form 10‑Q and proxy statements, are lengthy and complex documents that require significant collaboration across multiple business functions and external constituents, including auditors and lawyers. Our SEC solution enables customers to automate and improve their regulatory filing process. We have continued to add solutions to the Wdesk platform over time by identifying markets where Wdesk can address a wide range of critical business challenges for our customers. We employ a rigorous process to validate and prioritize new solution areas based on the number of customers that could benefit from a new solution and our assessment of Wdesk’s ability to address that challenge.
Our technology is enterprise grade and developed to perform at scale. Wdesk utilizes the Google Cloud Platform, which enables us to scale our compute and storage capacity on an as-needed basis. We can deploy incremental changes to our customers on a daily basis by employing a continuous delivery process supported by Agile software development methodologies and a proprietary quality assurance process. As a result, all of our customers operate on the latest version of our platform, and upgrades are applied with minimal disruption to ongoing operations. In addition, in order to keep our customers’ data secure, we have developed advanced data security protocols that augment the standard security of the Google Cloud Platform. Our architecture has proven scalability for global enterprises, as well as advantages in reliability and cloud delivery.
Our “land-and-expand” sales strategy focuses on acquiring new customers and growing our existing customer relationships. We seek to “land” new customers by using a direct-sales model. Our customer success and professional services teams help our account managers “expand” our existing customer relationships by providing advice and best practices that enable users to harness the full power of Wdesk. We believe our sales strategy positions us to build relationships over time as we add new users and solutions and expand to additional markets and geographies.
Many of the largest and most demanding enterprises in the world are our customers. Our customers span a variety of industries and include Philip Morris International Inc., Kinder Morgan, Inc., Viacom Inc.,


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JPMorgan Chase & Co., Eli Lilly and Company, The Boeing Company, Tyco International Ltd., CenturyLink, Inc., Avis Budget Group, Inc., Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., and AR Capital, LLC.
We have a broadly diversified customer base; our largest customer represented less than 2% of total revenue in 2013. We believe that we have exceptional customer satisfaction, as evidenced by our subscription and support revenue retention rate of 97.3% (excluding add-on seats) for the twelve months ended September 30, 2014 .
We have experienced high revenue growth since the release of our first solution in March 2010. Our revenue increased from $14.9 million in 2011 to $52.9 million in 2012 and $85.2 million in 2013 , representing a 139.3% compound annual growth rate. We incurred a net loss of $13.6 million in 2011 , $30.4 million in 2012 and $25.8 million in 2013 . For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 , our revenue grew 34.1% from $61.6 million to $82.6 million . We incurred a net loss of $22.5 million and $28.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 , respectively. Approximately 77% of our revenue in 2013 was derived from subscription and support fees, with the remainder from professional services.
Our Industry
Key Industry Trends are Driving a Fundamental Shift in How Enterprises Collect, Manage, Report and Analyze Critical Data.
Explosion of Data. According to International Data Corporation (IDC), the data universe will double every two years from 2013 to 2020. Data is often spread across hundreds of different sources and stored in conflicting formats.While many enterprises maintain data in a structured enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, IDC estimates that more than 90% of the data created in the next decade will be “unstructured” data, which is defined as unorganized data that resides far outside the realms of ERP systems. This massive increase in the amount of data available to enterprises has complicated the decision-making process.
Increasing Regulatory Requirements. Legislation, such as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) and the Sarbanes-Oxley Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley Act), has driven new reporting mandates. Governmental agencies, such as the SEC, charged with implementing these legislative mandates and others continue to issue regulations that implement new and increase existing reporting requirements. Regulators are also implementing new, industry-specific reporting requirements. For example, in recent years financial institutions have been required to produce reports for comprehensive capital analysis and review (CCAR), stress testing and resolution and recovery plans (RRP).
Regulators are also demanding greater standardization and structure in the data that companies report. For example, the SEC requires that public companies include “interactive data” in filed annual and quarterly reports so that an investor can immediately extract specific information and compare it to performance in past years, information from other companies and industry averages. The SEC implemented its interactive data mandate by requiring companies to tag the financial data in their filings using XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language), which is a royalty-free, international information format designed specifically for business information.
Increasing Management Oversight. Enterprises are under increasing pressure to report a growing amount of information to internal management teams, boards of directors and external constituents. We believe that data needs to be collected, reported and analyzed more rapidly than ever before. Management teams are increasingly focused on leveraging data to support critical decisions. At the same time, boards of directors are pressing organizations to improve transparency in order to better fulfill their fiduciary duties.
Structural Shifts in Workforce Organization . Market dynamics and the globalization of enterprises have forced companies to change the way their employees work. Organizations are becoming increasingly


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global, with employees geographically distributed to support strategic and business needs. Workforce flexibility initiatives have resulted in more employees working remotely. According to Forrester, employees working at home at least once a week rose from 18% in 2010 to 27% in 2012.
Consumerization of Enterprise IT. Technical advancements in the capability of smart phones and tablets have enabled the proliferation of mobile devices across the enterprise. According to IDC, the worldwide mobile worker population will be 1.3 billion by 2015, accounting for 37.2% of the workforce. Enterprise cloud-based solutions are becoming increasingly common and are enabling employees to work from anywhere with an internet connection, often from a mobile device.
Existing Business Processes and Solutions Are Insufficient for the Requirements of Modern Enterprises.
For many enterprises, compiling, reporting and analyzing critical data has been manual, iterative and error-prone. Modern enterprises require a level of real-time collaboration, security and control that we believe business productivity software and point solutions do not deliver. Shortcomings of existing business processes and solutions include the following:
Access to resources is restricted. Traditional solutions require employees to be physically present at, or remotely logged into, a machine with the required technology and access permissions. These impediments restrict productivity as employees attempt to complete work at home and while traveling and often lead to unapproved workarounds that may expose sensitive data.
Collaboration is inefficient and risky. Traditional office software requires one person to work on one version of a presentation or report at one time. This rigidity creates versioning challenges as concurrent versions lead to a tedious and time-consuming reconciliation process.
Workflows are rigid and serial. Workflows for presentation and report production operate as a series of dependent events, with workers being unable to advance sections they are responsible for while they wait for their turn in the document-production process.
Dataset creation is highly manual. Traditional dataset creation relies on ad-hoc processes and loosely defined protocols to consolidate a patchwork of disparate data sources with different owners and storage locations across the enterprise .
Edits are error prone and lack audit trails. Traditional software does not provide for linking references to a single source, so when a change is made it does not flow throughout the document . The integrity of a group of related presentations and reports is at risk every time a number is edited, and worker productivity is lost in a cycle of implementing edits and reviewing for errors. Traditional solutions do not offer visibility into the lineage of changes to a document. Audit trails often consist of unsatisfactory solutions, such as tracked changes, which can be turned off, in-line comments, which are cumbersome to manage, and versioning, which leads to inefficient workflows and reconciliation.
Control is limited. Because multiple versions of a presentation or report may be stored in numerous locations across an enterprise, it is difficult to control who can review and edit, and even more difficult to adjust these roles as the creation process evolves .
Our Market Opportunity
Our cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform enables enterprises to collaboratively collect, manage, report and analyze critical data in real time.  A 2014 independent study conducted by Frost & Sullivan, which was commissioned by us, estimated that the market for data collaboration and reporting software in 2014 will be $15.8 billion in North America and $10.6 billion in Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA).  The data collaboration and reporting software market addresses a portion of four defined software markets.


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According to Frost & Sullivan, the 2014 data collaboration and reporting software market in North America and EMEA represents the following portions of each of these software markets: $8.6 billion in governance, risk and compliance; $5.8 billion in corporate performance management; $6.5 billion in business intelligence and data analytics; and $5.5 billion in business productivity. 
We currently offer solutions for compliance, risk, sustainability and management reporting, as well as enterprise risk management. Based on our internal analysis and industry experience, we estimate that the addressable market opportunity for our five existing solutions is approximately $5.35 billion annually for the U.S., Canada and Europe.
     We believe that our Wdesk platform is flexible and extensible and has the potential to address a wide variety of additional business processes within the enterprise. Forrester estimates that information workers worldwide numbered 615 million in 2013 and are expected to reach 865 million by 2016. We believe that we have a substantial opportunity to offer our solution to enterprise information workers globally.
The Workiva Solution
We change the way enterprises and their employees work, enabling the redesign of risky and inefficient business processes through our cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform.
Widely Accessible Cloud-based Collaboration Platform. Our platform enables multiple users to draft, edit and comment within the same document, spreadsheet, presentation or report at the same time from any location with internet access.
Integrated Platform of Business Productivity Applications. We designed the Wdesk platform as an integrated suite of word processing, spreadsheet and presentation applications that enables users to leverage their structured and unstructured business data regardless of where it resides. Wdesk also provides a certification application that allows any Wdesk viewer to attest to the accuracy and completeness of reports. Users can create data collection and report certification workflows, assign and distribute them within their organization, and monitor the process with a real-time dashboard.
Trusted Ecosystem for Critical Business Data. Our platform captures a complete history of a document’s lineage, from the most granular edit to a spreadsheet cell formula to key document milestones. At the same time, Wdesk provides document owners the ability to manage document permissions down to a single section of a document.
Enterprise Grade and Built for Scale. Our cloud platform allows enterprises to implement and rapidly scale users and solutions within hours, regardless of how large or complex. Our customers can access and deploy our service without the need to install and maintain costly infrastructure hardware and software necessary for on-premise deployments.
Secure Architecture. An independent auditor other than our independent registered public accounting firm conducts an annual examination of our security controls using the widely recognized SSAE 16 SOC 1 Type 2 standard. This standard is designed to determine whether a company has reliable and suitably designed controls and safeguards as a host and processor of customer information. To protect our customers’ data we use advanced encryption and security techniques such as sharding, which partitions data to multiple servers.
Ability to Dynamically Define and Change Business Processes. Wdesk frees users from the confines of traditional business processes by allowing them to dynamically define processes on-demand to support evolving business needs. Wdesk enables multiple users to work in concert, allowing teams to redefine workflows and business processes without the traditional challenges of data integrity, personnel limitations and legacy software limitations.


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Benefits of Our Solution
The key benefits of using our software solutions are recognized by a wide range of decision-makers and other users across our customers’ organizational structures.
Benefits to Our Customers Who Are Decision-Makers
Reduce Risk. Managers rely on Wdesk to help them make better decisions. Through the use of linked data, decision-makers can trust that Wdesk presentations and reports are up to date and consistent, reducing the risk of making decisions based on incorrect data and reporting incorrect data externally.
Improve Data Transparency. Numbers, text, charts and graphics in presentations and reports can be intelligently linked to an organization’s central repository for critical data, or “single source of truth,” within Wdesk, and each data point has its own history of changes, or data lineage. Decision-makers at our customers benefit from the ability to drill down into each discrete data point, which increases data transparency, visibility and, therefore, trust of critical business data across an organization.
Report with Greater Frequency. Many critical presentations and reports are published infrequently due to the difficulties associated with collecting data, compiling inputs across teams and iterating revisions. Within the Wdesk platform, documents, data and graphics remain intelligently linked, allowing presentations and reports to be easily updated and synchronized and published with greater frequency.
Enable Real-time Decision-Making. Wdesk’s live-linking and data-auditing capabilities significantly enhance data integrity, such that Wdesk can become the centralized, trusted data repository within our customers’ critical business data ecosystem. The use of verified data from trusted sources to compile timely reports with less risk and greater transparency and frequency allows decision-makers to make better informed, real-time decisions.
Benefits to Our Customers Who Are End Users
Ubiquitous Access. Users can access our platform through a web-based interface and our mobile application anywhere an internet connection is available.
Faster Time to Value. Wdesk is designed to be deployed in hours or days with little or no involvement from a customer’s IT organization.
Better Collaboration with Internal and External Constituents. Our platform enables multiple users to draft, edit and comment within the same document, spreadsheet, presentation or report at the same time from any location with internet access.
Higher Job Satisfaction. Wdesk helps end users be more efficient and flexible, which we believe leads to greater job satisfaction, employee retention, cross-role training and career mobility.
Greater Efficiency through Data Linking. Because the Wdesk platform acts as an organization’s “single source of truth,” users save time by avoiding the need to input, update and cross-check the same data referenced in multiple, disparate presentations and reports.
Our Growth Strategy
We strive to change the way businesses collect, manage, report and analyze critical business data. Key elements of our growth strategy include:
Pursue New Customers . Our primary growth strategy is to sell the Wdesk platform to new customers. Our first solution was focused on SEC reporting and enabled customers to automate and improve their regulatory filing process. In March 2013, we launched our Wdesk platform, under which we have expanded our offerings to five solutions. We continue to attract the majority of our new customers with our compliance


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reporting solutions, and we believe we can continue to take market share from our competitors in this market. We intend to build our sales and marketing organization and leverage our brand equity to attract new customers. We have customers in multiple end markets, and we intend to seek attractive new markets.
Generate Growth From Existing Customers. Wdesk exhibits a powerful network effect within an enterprise, whereby the usefulness of our platform increases as the number of users and the data that resides in it grows. As more employees of our customers use Wdesk, additional opportunities for collaboration drive demand among their co-workers for add-on seats of existing solutions. We intend to expand within current customers by adding new users for existing solutions as well as adding more solutions per customer.
Grow Our International Footprint. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , we generated approximately 95% of our revenue in the United States. However, the growth drivers for our solution are similar in other parts of the world, including the need to reduce errors and risk, improve efficiency and respond to increasing regulatory requirements. For example, corporate sustainability reporting is mandatory for large companies in Europe. The European Commission has estimated its mandate will impact over 6,000 companies. Accordingly, we plan to increase our sales presence in Europe.
Extend Our Suite of Solutions. We intend to introduce new solutions to continue to meet growing demand for the creation, collaboration, presentation and analysis of critical business data. Our close and trusted relationships with our current customers are a source of new use cases, features and solutions for our solution roadmap.
Develop New Data Solutions. We believe we are the first integrated platform technology company to build a secure data ecosystem to manage structured and unstructured critical business data that spans data collection, reporting and decision-making. Because of the strength of our platform, our customers are increasingly using Wdesk as their central repository for critical data, and often regard Wdesk as their organization’s “single source of truth.” We believe this provides us the opportunity to develop new data solutions, including data warehousing and analysis, semantic linking and tagging of data and real-time risk management.
Selected Risks Related to Our Business
Investing in our Class A common stock involves risk. You should carefully consider all the information in this prospectus prior to investing in our Class A common stock. These risks are discussed more fully in the section entitled “Risk Factors” immediately following this prospectus summary. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:
We have a limited operating history, which makes it difficult to predict our future operating results.
We have experienced significant growth and organizational change in recent periods and expect continued growth. If we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service or address competitive challenges adequately.
The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.
We are substantially dependent upon customer renewals, the addition of new customers and the continued growth of the market for cloud-based business and financial reporting solutions.
If we are not able to provide successful enhancements, new features and modifications, our business could be adversely affected.
We depend on our senior management team and other key employees. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel, we may be unable to execute our growth plan.


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Our long-term success depends, in part, on our ability to expand the sales of our solutions to customers located outside of the United States.
If we fail to keep our customers’ information confidential, our business and reputation could be significantly and adversely affected.
Claims by third parties that we infringe upon their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and have a material adverse effect on our business or operating results.
Corporate Conversion
Prior to the issuance of any of our shares of Class A common stock in this offering, we will convert from a Delaware limited liability company into a Delaware corporation and change our name from Workiva LLC to Workiva Inc. In conjunction with the corporate conversion, all of our outstanding equity units will automatically be converted into shares of our Class A common stock and shares of our Class B common stock (assuming an offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus). See “Description of Capital Stock” for additional information regarding a description of the terms of our common stock following the corporate conversion and the terms of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws as will be in effect following the corporate conversion. While as a limited liability company our outstanding equity is referred to as “equity units,” in this prospectus, for ease of comparison, we refer to these equity units as our common stock for periods prior to the corporate conversion, unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise. Similarly, unless otherwise indicated, we refer to members’ equity as stockholders’ equity. In this prospectus, we refer to all of the transactions related to our conversion to a corporation as the corporate conversion. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Conversion to a Corporation.”
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (JOBS Act). For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted and intend to rely on exemptions from specified disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include:
being permitted to provide only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;
not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting;
not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements;
reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation; and
exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
We may take advantage of these provisions for up to five years or such earlier time when we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenue, have more than $700 million in market value of our capital stock held by non-affiliates or issue more than $1 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period. We may choose to take advantage of some, but not all, of the available exemptions. We have taken advantage of some reduced


8



reporting burdens in this prospectus. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different than the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold stock.
The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This provision allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of some accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. However, we are irrevocably choosing to “opt out” of such extended transition period, and as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption is required for non-emerging growth companies.
Corporate Information
WebFilings LLC was formed in California in August 2008. In July 2014, we changed our name to Workiva LLC, and we converted into a Delaware limited liability company in September 2014. Prior to the effectiveness of this registration statement, Workiva LLC will be converted into a Delaware corporation and renamed Workiva Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 2900 University Boulevard, Ames, Iowa 50010, and our telephone number is (888) 275-3125. Our website address is www.workiva.com. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and should not be considered a part of this prospectus.Unless the context requires otherwise, the words “we,” “us,” “our” and “Workiva” refer to Workiva LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries for periods prior to the corporate conversion, and to Workiva Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries for periods after the corporate conversion. Except as disclosed in this prospectus, the consolidated financial statements and selected historical financial data and other financial information included in this registration statement are those of Workiva LLC and its subsidiaries and do not give effect to the corporate conversion.
Trademarks, Service Marks and Trade Names
We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks or trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. In addition, our names, logos and website names and addresses are owned by us or licensed by us. We also own or have the rights to copyrights that protect the content of our solutions. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights referred to in this prospectus are listed without the ©, ® and ™ symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights.
This prospectus may include trademarks, service marks or trade names of other companies. Our use or display of other parties’ trademarks, service marks, trade names or products is not intended to, and does not imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, the trademark, service mark or trade name owners.
Market and Industry Data
We obtained the industry, market and competitive position data throughout this prospectus from our own internal estimates and research as well as from industry publications and studies conducted by third parties, including a 2014 independent study conducted by Frost & Sullivan, which was commissioned by us. Frost & Sullivan has consented to the references to their study and the use of their name in this prospectus. The industry publications and third-party studies generally state that the information that they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe that these publications and third-party studies and our internal data are reliable as of their respective dates, the industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications.


9


THE OFFERING
Issuer
 
Workiva Inc.
Class A common stock offered by us
 

Shares
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering:
 
 
 
          Class A common stock
 

Shares
          Class B common stock
 

Shares
Total
 

Shares
Over-allotment option of
Class A common stock...................... Shares
Voting rights......................................
Each share of our Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and is not convertible into any other shares of our capital stock. Each share of our Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of our Class A common stock at any time. Our Class B common stock also will automatically convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon certain transfers. Holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will generally vote together as a single class, unless otherwise required by our certificate of incorporation or law.
The shares of our Class B common stock outstanding after this offering will represent approximately % of the total number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock outstanding after this offering and % of the combined voting power of our Class A and Class B common stock outstanding after this offering. See “Description of Capital Stock.”
Use of proceeds.................................
We intend to use the net proceeds received by us from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products, services, technologies or other assets. See “Use of Proceeds.”
Proposed NYSE Symbol...................
“WK”



10


The number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based upon shares of Class A common stock and shares of Class B common stock outstanding as of , after giving effect to the corporate conversion (assuming an offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), and excludes:
shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options to purchase shares of Class A common stock as of , at a weighted-average exercise price of $ per share; and
shares of Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.
For a summary of the rates at which each class of outstanding equity will convert into shares of our common stock in the corporate conversion (assuming an offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), see Note 1—“Unaudited Pro Forma Loss and Per Share Information” to both the Consolidated Financial Statements and Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.    
Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes:
the effectiveness of the corporate conversion (assuming an offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), the filing of our certificate of incorporation and the adoption of our bylaws prior to the closing of this offering;
an initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus;
no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional shares; and
the conversion upon completion of this offering of a convertible promissory note issued in July 2014 in an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million plus accrued interest into shares of Class A common stock (based on an assumed closing date for this offering of , and an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus). For a description of the note, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”


 



11



SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
In the following tables, we provide our summary consolidated historical financial data and pro forma financial data for the periods presented. We have derived the summary consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have derived the summary consolidated statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2011 from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. We have derived the summary consolidated statement of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 , and the consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2014 , from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited consolidated financial data for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 and as of September 30, 2014 include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, that are necessary in the opinion of our management for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations for these periods.
Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future, and our operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year ended December 31, 2014. When you read this summary consolidated financial data, it is important that you read it together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, related notes, and other financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
 
(in thousands)
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
10,925

 
$
34,702

 
$
65,164

 
$
46,015

 
$
66,306

Professional services
3,939

 
18,236

 
19,987

 
15,567

 
16,259

Total revenue
14,864

 
52,938

 
85,151

 
61,582

 
82,565

Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support (1)
3,069

 
9,222

 
14,530

 
10,724

 
15,078

Professional services (1)
2,916

 
9,777

 
9,262

 
7,106

 
8,826

Total cost of revenue
5,985

 
18,999

 
23,792

 
17,830

 
23,904

Gross profit
8,879

 
33,939

 
61,359

 
43,752

 
58,661

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development (1)
6,611

 
18,342

 
32,506

 
24,991

 
32,142

Sales and marketing (1)
10,471

 
27,506

 
40,243

 
30,381

 
39,391

General and administrative (1) (2)
5,112

 
16,146

 
14,113

 
10,612

 
13,941

Total operating expenses
22,194

 
61,994

 
86,862

 
65,984

 
85,474

Loss from operations
(13,315
)
 
(28,055
)
 
(25,503
)
 
(22,232
)
 
(26,813
)
Interest expense
(268
)
 
(1,521
)
 
(366
)
 
(359
)
 
(1,281
)
Other income and (expense), net
18

 
(861
)
 
104

 
70

 
(260
)
Net loss
$
(13,565
)
 
$
(30,437
)
 
$
(25,765
)
 
$
(22,521
)
 
$
(28,354
)


12



 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Pro forma net loss and per share information (unaudited): (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

Pro forma net loss
 
 
 
 
$
(25,765
)
 
 
 
$
(28,354
)
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Equity-based compensation expense included in these line items is as follows:
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
 
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
64

 
$
80

 
$
200

 
$
159

 
$
403

Professional services
96

 
144

 
171

 
139

 
264

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
188

 
194

 
762

 
627

 
1,443

Sales and marketing
213

 
293

 
799

 
544

 
889

General and
administrative (2)
767

 
7,418

 
1,438

 
1,181

 
2,540

Total equity-based compensation expense
$
1,328

 
$
8,129

 
$
3,370

 
$
2,650

 
$
5,539

(2)
One-time grants of immediately vested appreciation units to two managing directors significantly increased general and administrative expense in the year ended December 31, 2012.
(3)
Unaudited pro forma net loss and per share information gives effect to the corporate conversion. In conjunction with the corporate conversion, all of our outstanding equity units and options to purchase equity units will automatically convert into shares of our common stock or options to purchase common stock.


13



Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
The following table presents summary consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2014 :
on an actual basis;
on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the corporate conversion; and
on a pro forma as adjusted basis after giving effect to (i) the corporate conversion, (ii) the conversion of a convertible promissory note issued in July 2014 in an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million plus accrued interest into shares of Class A common stock (based on an assumed closing date for this offering of and an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), and (iii) the sale and issuance of  shares of our Class A common stock by us in this offering, based upon the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
 
September 30, 2014
 
Actual
 
Pro forma
 
Pro forma as adjusted
 
(unaudited; in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
20,275

 
 
 
 
Working capital, excluding deferred revenue
14,296

 
 
 
 
Total assets
82,556

 
 
 
 
Deferred revenue, current and long term
51,877

 
 
 
 
Total current liabilities
57,949

 
 
 
 
Total non-current liabilities
48,011

 
 
 
 
Total members’ deficit
(23,404
)
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

 
 
 
 



14



RISK FACTORS
Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this prospectus, including the consolidated financial statements and the related notes, before deciding whether to invest in shares of our Class A common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks, or other risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified or that we currently think are immaterial, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We have a limited operating history, which makes it difficult to predict our future operating results.
We were founded in 2008 and have a limited operating history. We began offering our first solution in March 2010 and launched Wdesk in March 2013. As a result of our brief operating history, our ability to forecast our future operating results is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. We have encountered and will encounter risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, such as the risks and uncertainties described herein. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties (which we use to plan our business) are incorrect or change due to changes in our markets, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations and our business could suffer.
We have not been profitable historically and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future.
We have posted a net loss in each fiscal year since we began operations in 2008, including net losses of approximately $30 million in fiscal 2012 , $26 million in fiscal 2013 and $28 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 . While we have experienced significant revenue growth in recent periods, we are not certain whether or when we will obtain a high enough volume of subscriptions to sustain or increase our growth or achieve or maintain profitability in the future. In addition, we plan to continue to invest in our infrastructure, new solutions, research and development and sales and marketing, and as a result, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or maintain profitability. Because we intend to continue spending in anticipation of the revenue we expect to receive from these efforts, our expenses will be greater than the expenses we would incur if we developed our business more slowly. In addition, we may find that these efforts are more expensive than we currently anticipate, which would further impact our profitability.
In addition, as a public company, we will incur significant accounting, legal and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. As a result of these increased expenditures, we will have to generate and sustain increased revenue to achieve future profitability. We may incur losses in the future for a number of reasons, including the other risks and uncertainties described in this prospectus. Additionally, we may encounter unforeseen operating expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may result in losses in future periods. If our revenue growth does not meet our expectations in future periods, our financial performance may be harmed, and we may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future.
Our revenue growth rate in recent periods may not be indicative of our future performance.
We experienced revenue growth rates of 256% , 61% and 34% in fiscal 2012 , fiscal 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively. Our historical revenue growth rates are not indicative


15



of future growth, and we may not achieve similar revenue growth rates in future periods. You should not rely on our revenue for any prior quarterly or annual periods as any indication of our future revenue or revenue growth. If we are unable to maintain consistent revenue or revenue growth, our stock price could be volatile, and it may be difficult to achieve and maintain profitability.
Failure to manage our growth may adversely affect our business or operations.
Since 2010, we have experienced significant growth in our business, customer base, employee headcount and operations, and we expect to continue to grow our business rapidly over the next several years. This growth places a significant strain on our management team and employees and on our operating and financial systems. To manage our future growth we must continue to scale our business functions, improve our financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures and expand and train our work force. In particular, we grew from 109 employees as of December 31, 2010 to more than 940 employees as of September 30, 2014 . We anticipate that additional investments in sales personnel, infrastructure and research and development spending will be required to:
scale our operations and increase productivity;
address the needs of our customers;
further develop and enhance our existing solutions and offerings;
develop new technology; and
expand our markets and opportunity under management, including into new solutions and geographic areas.
We cannot assure you that our controls, systems and procedures will be adequate to support our future operations or that we will be able to manage our growth effectively. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to expand our market presence in the United States and other current markets or successfully establish our presence in other markets. Failure to effectively manage growth could result in difficulty or delays in deploying customers, declines in quality or customer satisfaction, increases in costs, difficulties in introducing new features or other operational difficulties, and any of these difficulties could adversely impact our business performance and results of operations.
Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.
Our quarterly results of operations, including the levels of our revenue, gross margin, profitability, cash flow and deferred revenue, may vary significantly in the future, and period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our quarterly financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, and therefore, may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. Fluctuations in quarterly results may negatively impact the value of our Class A common stock. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly financial results include, without limitation, those listed below:
our ability to attract new customers in multiple regions around the world;
the addition or loss of large customers, including through acquisitions or consolidations;
the timing of recognition of revenue;
the amount and timing of operating expenses related to the maintenance and expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure;


16



network outages, security breaches, technical difficulties or interruptions with our services;
general economic, industry and market conditions;
customer renewal rates and the extent to which customers subscribe for additional seats or solutions;
pricing changes upon any renewals of customer agreements;
changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;
the mix of solutions sold during a period;
seasonal variations in sales of our solutions;
the timing and success of new product and service introductions by us or our competitors or any other change in the competitive dynamics of our industry, including consolidation among competitors, customers or strategic partners;
the announcement or adoption of new regulations and policy mandates or changes to existing regulations and policy mandates;
changes in foreign currency exchange rates;
future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies;
general economic conditions, both domestically and in the foreign markets in which we sell our solutions;
the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of technologies or businesses and potential future charges for impairment of goodwill from acquired companies; and
unforeseen litigation and intellectual property infringement.
To date, we have derived a substantial majority of our revenue from customers using our Wdesk platform for SEC filings. Our efforts to increase use of our Wdesk platform and other applications may not succeed and may reduce our revenue growth rate.
To date, we have derived a substantial majority of our revenue from customers using our Wdesk platform for SEC filings. Our sales and marketing of Wdesk for risk, sustainability and management reporting, and enterprise risk management is relatively new, and it is uncertain whether these areas will achieve the level of market acceptance we have achieved in the SEC filing market. Further, the introduction of new solutions beyond these markets may not be successful. Any factor adversely affecting sales of our platform or solutions, including release cycles, market acceptance, competition, performance and reliability, reputation and economic and market conditions, could adversely affect our business and operating results.
Our solutions face intense competition in the marketplace. If we are unable to compete effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.
The market for our solutions is increasingly competitive, rapidly evolving and fragmented, and is subject to changing technology and shifting customer needs. Although we believe that our Wdesk platform and the solutions that it offers are unique, many vendors develop and market products and services that compete to varying extents with our offerings, and we expect competition in our market to continue to intensify. Moreover, industry consolidation may increase competition. In addition, many companies have chosen to invest in their own internal reporting solutions and therefore may be reluctant to switch to solutions such as ours.
We compete with many types of companies, including diversified enterprise software providers; providers of professional services, such as consultants and business and financial printers; governance, risk


17



and compliance software providers; and business intelligence/corporate performance management software providers. Many of our existing competitors, as well as a number of potential new competitors, have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, more established customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or customer requirements. We could lose customers if our competitors introduce new competitive products, add new features, acquire competitive products, reduce prices, form strategic alliances with other companies or are acquired by third parties with greater available resources. We also face competition from a variety of vendors of cloud-based and on-premise software applications that address only a portion of one of our solutions. We may also face increasing competition from open source software initiatives, in which competitors may provide software and intellectual property for free. In addition, if a prospective customer is currently using a competing solution, the customer may be unwilling to switch to our solutions without access to setup support services. If we are unable to provide those services on terms attractive to the customer, the prospective customer may be unwilling to utilize our solutions. If our competitors’ products, services or technologies become more accepted than our solutions, if they are successful in bringing their products or services to market earlier than ours, or if their products or services are more technologically capable than ours, then our revenue could be adversely affected. In addition, some of our competitors may offer their products and services at a lower price. If we are unable to achieve our target pricing levels, our operating results would be negatively affected. Pricing pressures and increased competition could result in reduced sales, reduced margins, losses or a failure to maintain or improve our competitive market position, any of which would adversely affect our business.
If we do not keep pace with technological changes, our solutions may become less competitive and our business may suffer.
Our market is characterized by rapid technological change, frequent product and service innovation and evolving industry standards. If we are unable to provide enhancements and new features for our existing solutions or new solutions that achieve market acceptance or that keep pace with these technological developments, our business could be adversely affected. For example, we are focused on enhancing the features of our non-SEC reporting solutions to enhance their utility to larger customers with complex, dynamic and global operations. The success of enhancements, new features and solutions depends on several factors, including the timely completion, introduction and market acceptance of the enhancements or new features or solutions. Failure in this regard may significantly impair our revenue growth. In addition, because our solutions are designed to operate on a variety of systems, we will need to continuously modify and enhance our solutions to keep pace with changes in internet-related hardware, software, communication, browser and database technologies. We may not be successful in either developing these modifications and enhancements or in bringing them to market in a timely fashion. Furthermore, uncertainties about the timing and nature of new network platforms or technologies, or modifications to existing platforms or technologies, could increase our research and development expenses. Any failure of our solutions to keep pace with technological changes or operate effectively with future network platforms and technologies could reduce the demand for our solutions, result in customer dissatisfaction and adversely affect our business.
If we fail to manage our technical operations infrastructure, our existing customers may experience service outages, and our new customers may experience delays in the deployment of our solutions.
We have experienced significant growth in the number of users, projects and data that our operations infrastructure supports. We seek to maintain sufficient excess capacity in our operations infrastructure to meet the needs of all of our customers. We also seek to maintain excess capacity to facilitate the rapid provision of new customer deployments and the expansion of existing customer deployments. In addition, we need to properly manage our technological operations infrastructure in order to support changes in


18



hardware and software parameters and the evolution of our solutions, all of which require significant lead time. Our Wdesk platform interacts with technology provided by Google and other third-party providers, and our technological infrastructure depends on this technology. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, website disruptions, outages and other performance problems. These problems may be caused by a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, viruses, security attacks, fraud, spikes in customer usage and denial of service issues. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. If we do not accurately predict our infrastructure requirements, our existing customers may experience service outages that may subject us to financial penalties, financial liabilities and customer losses. If our operations infrastructure fails to keep pace with increased sales, customers may experience delays as we seek to obtain additional capacity, which could adversely affect our reputation and our revenue.
As a provider of cloud-based software, we rely on the services of third-party data center hosting facilities. Interruptions or delays in those services could impair the delivery of our service and harm our business.
Our Wdesk platform has been developed with, and is based on, cloud computing technology. It is hosted pursuant to service agreements on servers by third-party service providers, including those with Google and Amazon. We do not control the operation of these providers or their facilities, and the facilities are vulnerable to damage, interruption or misconduct. Unanticipated problems at these facilities could result in lengthy interruptions in our services. If the services of one or more of these providers are terminated, disrupted, interrupted or suspended for any reason, we could experience disruption in our ability to offer our solutions, or we could be required to retain the services of replacement providers, which could increase our operating costs and harm our business and reputation. In addition, as we grow, we may move or transfer our data and our customers’ data to other cloud hosting providers. Despite precautions taken during this process, any unsuccessful data transfers may impair the delivery of our service. Further, any damage to, or failure of, the cloud servers that we use could result in interruptions in our services. Interruptions in our service may damage our reputation, reduce our revenue, cause us to issue credits or pay penalties, cause customers to terminate their subscriptions and adversely affect our renewal rates and our ability to attract new customers. Our business would be harmed if our customers and potential customers believe our service is unreliable.
Any failure or interruptions in the internet infrastructure, bandwidth providers, data center providers, other third parties or our own systems for providing our solutions to customers could negatively impact our business.
Our ability to deliver our solutions is dependent on the development and maintenance of the internet and other telecommunications services by third parties. Such services include maintenance of a reliable network backbone with the necessary speed, data capacity and security for providing reliable internet access and services and reliable telecommunications systems that connect our operations. While our solutions are designed to operate without interruption, we may experience interruptions and delays in services and availability from time to time. We rely on systems as well as third-party vendors, including data center, bandwidth, and telecommunications equipment providers, to provide our solutions. We do not maintain redundant systems or facilities for some of these services. In the event of a catastrophic event with respect to one or more of these systems or facilities, we may experience an extended period of system unavailability, which could negatively impact our relationship with our customers.
Any failure to offer high-quality technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our financial results.
Once our solutions are deployed, our customers depend on our customer success organization to resolve technical issues relating to our solutions. We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support services. We also may be unable to


19



modify the format of our support services to compete with changes in support services provided by our competitors. Increased customer demand for these services, without corresponding revenue, could increase costs and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, our sales process is highly dependent on our solutions and business reputation and on positive recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain high-quality technical support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support, could adversely affect our reputation, our ability to sell our solutions to existing and prospective customers, and our business, operating results and financial position.
Because our Wdesk platform is offered on a subscription basis, we are required to recognize revenue for it over the term of the subscription. As a result, downturns or upturns in sales may not be immediately reflected in our operating results.
We generally recognize subscription and support revenue from customers ratably over the terms of their subscription agreements, which are typically on a quarterly or annual cycle and automatically renew for additional periods. As a result, a substantial portion of the revenue we report in each quarter will be derived from the recognition of deferred revenue relating to subscription agreements entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may not be immediately reflected in our revenue results for that quarter. This decline, however, will negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our solutions and potential changes in our rate of renewals may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Our subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our subscription revenue through additional sales in any period, as revenue from new customers must be recognized over the applicable subscription term. In addition, we may be unable to adjust our cost structure to reflect the changes in revenue, which could adversely affect our operating results.
We cannot accurately predict subscription renewal or upgrade rates and the impact these rates may have on our future revenue and operating results.
Our business depends substantially on customers renewing their subscriptions with us and expanding their use of our services. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions for our services after the expiration of their initial subscription period. While we have historically maintained a subscription and support revenue retention rate of greater than 95%, we may be unable to maintain this historical rate. Given our limited operating history, we may be unable to accurately predict our subscription and support revenue retention rate. In addition, our customers may renew for shorter contract lengths, lower prices or fewer users. We cannot accurately predict new subscription or expansion rates and the impact these rates may have on our future revenue and operating results. Our renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including customer dissatisfaction with our service, customers’ ability to continue their operations and spending levels and deteriorating general economic conditions. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our service or reduce the number of solutions they purchase at the time of renewal, or if they negotiate a lower price upon renewal, our revenue will decline and our business will suffer. Our future success also depends in part on our ability to sell additional solutions and services, more subscriptions or enhanced editions of our services to our current customers, which may also require increasingly sophisticated and costly sales efforts that are targeted at senior management. If our efforts to sell additional solutions and services to our customers are not successful, our growth and operations may be impeded. In addition, any decline in our customer renewals or failure to convince our customers to broaden their use of our services would harm our future operating results.
Adverse economic conditions or reduced technology spending may adversely impact our business.
Our business depends on the overall demand for technology and on the economic health of our current and prospective customers. In general, worldwide economic conditions remain unstable, and these


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conditions make it difficult for our customers, prospective customers and us to forecast and plan future business activities accurately, and they could cause our customers or prospective customers to reevaluate their decision to purchase our solutions. Weak global economic conditions, or a reduction in technology spending even if economic conditions improve, could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations in a number of ways, including longer sales cycles, lower prices for our solutions, reduced bookings and lower or no growth.
If we cannot maintain our corporate culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, passion and focus on execution that we believe contribute to our success, and our business may be harmed.
We believe our corporate culture is a critical component to our success. We have invested substantial time and resources in building our team. As we grow and develop the infrastructure of a public company, we may find it difficult to maintain our corporate culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our future success, including our ability to retain and recruit personnel and effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives.
We depend on our senior management team and other key employees, and the loss of one or more key employees could adversely affect our business.
Our success depends largely upon the continued services of our key executive officers. We also rely on our leadership team and other mission-critical individuals in the areas of research and development, marketing, sales, services and general and administrative functions. From time to time, there may be changes in our management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives or other key employees, which could disrupt our business. Our senior management and key employees are generally employed on an at-will basis, which means that they could terminate their employment with us at any time. The loss of one or more of our executive officers or key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our ability to attract, train and retain qualified employees is crucial to our results of operations and any future growth.
To execute our growth plan, we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Competition for these individuals is intense, especially for engineers with high levels of experience in designing and developing software and internet-related services, senior sales executives and professional services personnel with appropriate financial reporting experience. We have, from time to time, experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have. If we hire employees from competitors or other companies, their former employers may attempt to assert that these employees have breached their legal obligations or that we have induced such breaches, resulting in a diversion of our time and resources. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business and future growth prospects could be adversely affected.
Our workforce is our primary operating expense and subjects us to risks associated with increases in the cost of labor as a result of increased competition for employees, higher employee turnover rates and required wage increases and health benefit coverage, lawsuits or labor union activity.
Labor is our primary operating expense. As of September 30, 2014 , we employed 949 full-time employees. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , labor-related expense accounted for approximately 64% and 65% of our total operating expense, respectively. We may face labor shortages or increased labor costs because of increased competition for employees, higher employee turnover rates, or increases in employee benefit costs. If labor-related expenses increase, our


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operating expense could increase, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and various federal and state laws governing such matters as minimum wage requirements, overtime compensation and other working conditions, citizenship requirements, discrimination and family and medical leave. In recent years, a number of companies have been subject to lawsuits, including class action lawsuits, alleging violations of federal and state law regarding workplace and employment matters, overtime wage policies, discrimination and similar matters. A number of these lawsuits have resulted in the payment of substantial damages by the defendants. Similar lawsuits may be threatened or instituted against us from time to time, and we may incur substantial damages and expenses resulting from lawsuits of this type, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
There may be adverse tax and employment law consequences if the independent contractor status of our consultants or the exempt status of our employees is successfully challenged.
We retain consultants from time to time as independent contractors. Although we believe that we have properly classified these individuals as independent contractors, there is nevertheless a risk that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or another federal, state, provincial or foreign authority will take a different view. Furthermore, the tests governing the determination of whether an individual is considered to be an independent contractor or an employee are typically fact sensitive and vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Laws and regulations that govern the status and misclassification of independent contractors are subject to change or interpretation by various authorities. If a federal, state or foreign authority or court enacts legislation or adopts regulations that change the manner in which employees and independent contractors are classified or makes any adverse determination with respect to some or all of our independent contractors, we could incur significant costs under such laws and regulations, including for prior periods, in respect of tax withholding, social security taxes or payments, workers’ compensation and unemployment contributions, and recordkeeping, or we may be required to modify our business model, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There is also a risk that we may be subject to significant monetary liabilities arising from fines or judgments as a result of any such actual or alleged non-compliance with federal, state or foreign tax laws. Further, if it were determined that any of our independent contractors should be treated as employees, we could incur additional liabilities under our applicable employee benefit plans.
In addition, we have classified many of our U.S. employees as “exempt” under the FLSA. If it were determined that any of our U.S. employees who we have classified as “exempt” should be classified as “non-exempt” under the FLSA, we may incur costs and liabilities for back wages, unpaid overtime, fines or penalties and be subject to employee litigation.
Fixed-fee engagements with customers may not meet our expectations if we underestimate the cost of these engagements.
We provide certain professional services on a fixed-fee basis. When making proposals for fixed-fee engagements, we estimate the costs and timing for completing the engagements. We are beginning to provide professional services on new solutions, including our Sarbanes-Oxley compliance solution, which may involve a different mix of subscription, support and services than we have experienced to date. The contribution of this new revenue mix may impact our gross margins in ways that we cannot predict. If we are required to spend more hours than planned to perform these services, our cost of services revenue could exceed the fees charged to our customers on certain engagements and could cause us to recognize a loss on a contract, which would adversely affect our operating results. In addition, if we are unable to provide these


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professional services, we may lose sales or incur customer dissatisfaction, and our business and operating results could be significantly harmed.
Our sales cycle is unpredictable. As more of our sales efforts are targeted at larger enterprise customers, our sales cycle may become more time-consuming and expensive, and we may encounter pricing pressure, which could harm our business and operating results.
The cost and length of our sales cycle varies by customer and is unpredictable. As we target more of our sales efforts at selling additional solutions to larger enterprise customers, we may face greater costs, longer sales cycles and less predictability in completing some of our sales. These types of sales often require us to provide greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our service. In addition, larger customers may demand more document setup services, training and other professional services. As a result of these factors, these sales opportunities may require us to devote greater sales support and professional services resources to individual customers, driving up costs and time required to complete sales and diverting sales and professional services resources to a smaller number of larger transactions.
Our quarterly results reflect seasonality in revenue from professional services, which makes it difficult to predict our future operating results.
We have historically experienced seasonal variations in our revenue from professional services as many of our customers employ our professional services just before they file their Form 10-K in the first calendar quarter. As of September 30, 2014 , approximately 76% of our SEC customers report their financials on a calendar year basis. While we expect our professional services revenue to become less seasonal as our non-SEC offerings grow, a significant portion of our revenue may continue to reflect seasonality, which makes it difficult to predict our future operating results. As a result, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations and our business could suffer.
If the market for our technology delivery model and cloud-based software develops more slowly than we expect, our business could be harmed.
The market for cloud-based software is not as mature as the market for packaged software, and it is uncertain whether these services will sustain high levels of demand and market acceptance. Our success will depend to a substantial extent on the willingness of companies to increase their use of cloud-based services in general, and of our solutions in particular. Many companies have invested substantial personnel and financial resources to integrate traditional software into their businesses, and therefore may be reluctant or unwilling to migrate to a cloud-based service. Furthermore, some companies may be reluctant or unwilling to use cloud-based services because they have concerns regarding the risks associated with security capabilities, among other things, of the technology delivery model associated with these services. If companies do not perceive the benefits of cloud-based software, then the market for our solutions may develop more slowly than we expect, or the market for our new solutions may not develop at all, either of which would significantly adversely affect our operating results. We may not be able to adjust our spending quickly enough if market growth falls short of our expectations or we may make errors in predicting and reacting to relevant business trends, either of which could harm our business. If the market for our cloud solutions does not evolve in the way we anticipate, or if customers do not recognize the benefits of our cloud solutions over traditional on-premise enterprise software products, and as a result we are unable to increase sales of subscriptions to our solutions, then our revenue may not grow or may decline, and our operating results would be harmed.


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The success of our cloud-based software largely depends on our ability to provide reliable solutions to our customers. If a customer were to experience a product defect, a disruption in its ability to use our solutions or a security flaw, demand for our solutions could be diminished, we could be subject to substantial liability and our business could suffer.
Because our solutions are complex and we continually release new features, our solutions could have errors, defects, viruses or security flaws that could result in unanticipated downtime for our subscribers and harm our reputation and our business. Internet-based software frequently contains undetected errors or security flaws when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. We might from time to time find such defects in our solutions, the detection and correction of which could be time consuming and costly. Since our customers use our solutions for important aspects of their business, any errors, defects, disruptions in access, security flaws, viruses, data corruption or other performance problems with our solutions could hurt our reputation and may damage our customers’ businesses. If that occurs, customers could elect not to renew, could delay or withhold payment to us or may make warranty or other claims against us, which could result in an increase in our provision for doubtful accounts, an increase in collection cycles for accounts receivable or the expense and risk of litigation. We could also lose future sales. In addition, if the public becomes aware of security breaches of our solutions, our future business prospects could be adversely impacted.
We employ third-party licensed software for use in or with our solutions, and the inability to maintain these licenses or the existence of errors in the software we license could result in increased costs or reduced service levels, which would adversely affect our business.
Our solutions incorporate certain third-party software, including the Google Cloud Platform, that may be licensed to or hosted by or on behalf of Workiva, or may be hosted by a licensor and accessed by Workiva on a software-as-a-service basis. We anticipate that we will continue to rely on third-party software and development tools from third parties in the future. There may not be commercially reasonable alternatives to the third-party software we currently use, or it may be difficult or costly to replace. In addition, integration of the software used in our solutions with new third-party software may require significant work and require substantial investment of our time and resources. Also, to the extent that our solutions depend upon the successful operation of third-party software in conjunction with our software, any undetected errors or defects in this third-party software could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our solutions, delay new solution introductions, result in a failure of our solutions and injure our reputation. Our use of additional or alternative third-party software would require us to enter into license agreements with third parties. Any inability to maintain or acquire third-party licensed software for use in our solutions could result in increased costs or reduced service levels, which would adversely affect our business.
Changes in laws and regulations related to the internet or changes in the internet infrastructure itself may diminish the demand for our solutions and could have a negative impact on our business.
The future success of our business depends upon the continued use of the internet as a primary medium for commerce, communication and business solutions. Federal, state or foreign government bodies or agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws or regulations affecting the use of the internet as a commercial medium. Changes in these laws or regulations could require us to modify our solutions in order to comply with these changes. In addition, government agencies or private organizations may begin to impose taxes, fees or other charges for accessing the internet or commerce conducted via the internet. These laws or charges could limit the growth of internet-related commerce or communications generally or result in reductions in the demand for internet-based solutions such as ours.
In addition, the use of the internet as a business tool could be adversely affected due to delays in the development or adoption of new standards and protocols to handle increased demands of internet activity,


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security, reliability, cost, ease of use, accessibility and quality of service. The performance of the internet and its acceptance as a business tool has been adversely affected by “viruses,” “worms” and similar malicious programs, and the internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of damage to portions of its infrastructure. If the use of the internet is adversely affected by these issues, demand for our solutions could suffer.
Data security concerns and laws or other domestic or foreign regulations may reduce the effectiveness of our solutions and adversely affect our business.
We manage private and confidential information and documentation related to our customers’ finances and transactions, often prior to public dissemination. The use of insider information is highly regulated in the United States and abroad, and violations of securities laws and regulations may result in civil and criminal penalties. Privacy and data security are rapidly evolving areas of regulation, and additional regulation in those areas, some of it potentially difficult and costly for us to accommodate, is frequently proposed and occasionally adopted. Changes in laws restricting or otherwise governing data and transfer thereof could result in increased costs and delay operations.
In addition to government activity, the technology industry and other industries are considering various new, additional or different self-regulatory standards that may place additional burdens on us. If the processing of private and confidential information were to be curtailed in this manner, our software solutions may be less effective, which may reduce demand for our solutions and adversely affect our business. Furthermore, government agencies may seek to access sensitive information that our customers upload to our service providers or restrict customers’ access to our service providers. Laws and regulations relating to government access and restrictions are evolving, and compliance with such laws and regulations could limit adoption of our services by customers and create burdens on our business. Moreover, regulatory investigations into our compliance with privacy-related laws and regulations could increase our costs and divert management attention.
If we or our service providers fail to keep our customers’ information confidential or otherwise handle their information improperly, our business and reputation could be significantly and adversely affected.
If we fail to keep customers’ proprietary information and documentation confidential, we may lose existing customers and potential new customers and may expose them to significant loss of revenue based on the premature release of confidential information. While we have security measures in place to protect customer information and prevent data loss and other security breaches, these measures may be breached as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures.
In addition, our service providers (including, without limitation, hosting facilities, disaster recovery providers and software providers) may have access to our customers’ data and could suffer security breaches or data losses that affect our customers’ information.
If an actual or perceived security breach or premature release occurs, our reputation could be damaged and we may lose future sales and customers. We may also become subject to civil claims, including indemnity or damage claims in certain customer contracts, or criminal investigations by appropriate authorities, any of which could harm our business and operating results. Furthermore, while our errors and omissions insurance policies include liability coverage for these matters, if we experienced a widespread security breach that impacted a significant number of our customers for whom we have these indemnity obligations, we could be subject to indemnity claims that exceed such coverage.


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Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology and our brand.
Our success substantially depends upon our proprietary methodologies and other intellectual property rights. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties may damage our brand and our reputation. As of September 30, 2014 , we had 5 issued patents and 13 patent applications pending in the United States, and we expect to seek additional patents in the future. In addition, we rely on a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, employee and third-party non-disclosure and non-competition agreements and other methods to protect our intellectual property. However, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or obtain and use our technology to develop products with the same functionality as our solutions. We cannot assure you that the steps we take to protect our intellectual property will be adequate to deter misappropriation of our proprietary information or that we will be able to detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps to protect our intellectual property. United States federal and state intellectual property laws offer limited protection, and the laws of some countries provide even less protection. Moreover, changes in intellectual property laws, such as changes in the law regarding the patentability of software, could also impact our ability to obtain protection for our solutions. In addition, patents may not be issued with respect to our pending or future patent applications. Those patents that are issued may not be upheld as valid, may be contested or circumvented, or may not prevent the development of competitive solutions.
We might be required to spend significant resources and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel to monitor and protect our intellectual property. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Any failure to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could seriously adversely affect our brand and adversely impact our business.
Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violations by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and harm our business and operating results.     
Patent and other intellectual property disputes are common in our industry. Our success depends upon our ability to refrain from infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others. Some companies, including some of our competitors, own large numbers of patents, copyrights and trademarks, which they may use to assert claims against us. As we grow and enter new markets, we will face a growing number of competitors. As the number of competitors in our industry grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps, we expect that software and other solutions in our industry may be subject to such claims by third parties. Third parties may in the future assert claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights against us. We cannot assure you that infringement claims will not be asserted against us in the future, or that, if asserted, any infringement claim will be successfully defended. A successful claim against us could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from offering our services, or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms. We may also be obligated to indemnify our customers or business partners or pay substantial settlement costs, including royalty payments, in connection with any such claim or litigation and to obtain licenses, modify applications or refund fees, which could be costly. Even if we were to prevail in such a dispute, any litigation regarding our intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.


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Some of our solutions utilize open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source licenses could negatively affect our business.
Some of our solutions include software covered by open source licenses, which may include, by way of example, GNU General Public License and the Apache License. The terms of various open source licenses have not been interpreted by United States courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market our solutions. By the terms of certain open source licenses, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software, and to make our proprietary software available under open source licenses, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner. In the event that portions of our proprietary software are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, reengineer all or a portion of our technologies, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our technologies and services. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Many of the risks associated with usage of open source software cannot be eliminated and could negatively affect our business.
If we fail to continue to develop our brand, our business may suffer.
We believe that continuing to develop and maintain awareness of our brand is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our solution and is an important element in attracting and retaining customers. Efforts to build our brand may involve significant expense and may not generate customer awareness or increase revenue at all, or in an amount sufficient to offset expenses we incur in building our brand. In addition, we changed our trade name from “WebFilings” to “Workiva” in July 2014. New and existing customers may be confused by or may not accept, or may be slow to accept, our new trade name. In addition, local authorities may refuse to register, or third parties may object to the use of, the new trade name or other trademarks in one or more of the jurisdictions in which we currently operate or may in the future operate. Any such refusal or objection may be costly or time-consuming or limit our ability to build and develop our brand portfolio, which could adversely affect our business and impede our growth.
Promotion and enhancement of our new name and the brand names of our solutions will depend largely on our success in being able to provide high quality, reliable and cost-effective solutions. If customers do not perceive our solutions as meeting their needs, or if we fail to market our solutions effectively, we will likely be unsuccessful in creating the brand awareness that is critical for broad customer adoption of our solutions. That failure could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Demand for our solutions is subject to legislative or regulatory changes and volatility in demand, which could adversely affect our business.
The market for our solutions depends in part on the requirements of the SEC and other regulatory bodies. Any legislation or rulemaking substantially affecting the content or method of delivery of documents to be filed with these regulatory bodies could have an adverse effect on our business. In addition, evolving market practices in light of regulatory developments could adversely affect the demand for our solutions.
We may need to raise additional capital, which may not be available to us.
We will require substantial funds to support the implementation of our business plan. Our future liquidity and capital requirements are difficult to predict as they depend upon many factors, including the success of our solutions and competing technological and market developments. In the future, we may require additional capital to respond to business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions, a decline in the level of


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customer prepayments or unforeseen circumstances and may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons, and we may not be able to timely secure additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, or at all. Any debt financing obtained by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity, convertible debt securities or other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution in their percentage ownership of our company, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our Class A common stock. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.
Our credit facility contains restrictive covenants that may limit our operating flexibility.
Our credit facility contains certain restrictive covenants that limit our ability to transfer or dispose of assets, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness and liens, experience changes in management and enter into new businesses. We therefore may not be able to engage in any of the foregoing transactions unless we obtain the consent of the lender or terminate the credit facility, which may limit our operating flexibility. In addition, our credit facility is secured by all of our assets, has first priority over our other debt obligations and requires us to satisfy certain financial covenants, including the maintenance of at least $5.0 million of cash on hand or unused borrowing capacity. There is no guarantee that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow or sales to meet these financial covenants or pay the principal and interest on any such debt. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that future working capital, borrowings or equity financing will be available to repay or refinance any such debt. Any inability to make scheduled payments or meet the financial covenants on our credit facility would adversely affect our business.
Determining our income tax rate is complex and subject to uncertainty.
The computation of provision for income tax is complex, as it is based on the laws of numerous taxing jurisdictions and requires significant judgment on the application of complicated rules governing accounting for tax provisions under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Provision for income tax for interim quarters is based on a forecast of our U.S and non-U.S. effective tax rates for the year, which includes forward-looking financial projections, including the expectations of profit and loss by jurisdiction, and contains numerous assumptions. Various items cannot be accurately forecasted and future events may be treated as discrete to the period in which they occur. Our provision for income tax can be materially impacted, for example, by the geographical mix of our profits and losses, changes in our business, such as internal restructuring and acquisitions, changes in tax laws and accounting guidance and other regulatory, legislative or judicial developments, tax audit determinations, changes in our uncertain tax positions, changes in our intent and capacity to permanently reinvest foreign earnings, changes to our transfer pricing practices, tax deductions attributed to equity compensation and changes in our need for a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. For these reasons, our actual income taxes may be materially different than our provision for income tax.
Adverse tax laws or regulations could be enacted or existing laws could be applied to us or our customers, which could increase the costs of our services and adversely impact our business.
The application of federal, state, local and international tax laws to services provided electronically is evolving. New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time (possibly with retroactive effect), and could be applied solely or disproportionately to services provided over the internet. These enactments could adversely affect our sales activity due to the


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inherent cost increase the taxes would represent and ultimately result in a negative impact on our operating results.
In addition, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us (possibly with retroactive effect), which could require us or our customers to pay additional tax amounts, as well as require us or our customers to pay fines or penalties and interest for past amounts. If we are unsuccessful in collecting such taxes from our customers, we could be held liable for such costs, thereby adversely impacting our operating results.
We operate and offer our services in many jurisdictions and, therefore, may be subject to federal, state, local and foreign taxes that could harm our business.
As an organization that operates in many jurisdictions in the United States and around the world, we may be subject to taxation in several jurisdictions with increasingly complex tax laws, the application of which can be uncertain. The authorities in these jurisdictions, including state and local taxing authorities in the United States, could successfully assert that we are obligated to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties. In addition, the amount of taxes we pay could increase substantially as a result of changes in the applicable tax principles, including increased tax rates, new tax laws or revised interpretations of existing tax laws and precedents, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operating results. The authorities could also claim that various withholding requirements apply to us or our subsidiaries or assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us or our subsidiaries, any of which could have a material impact on us and the results of our operations. In addition, we may lose sales or incur significant costs should various tax jurisdictions impose taxes on either a broader range of services or services that we have performed in the past. We may be subject to audits of the taxing authorities in any such jurisdictions that would require us to incur costs in responding to such audits. Imposition of such taxes on our services could result in substantially unplanned costs, would effectively increase the cost of such services to our customers and could adversely affect our ability to retain existing customers or to gain new customers in the areas in which such taxes are imposed.
We operate service sales centers in multiple locations. Some of the jurisdictions in which we operate may give us the benefit of either relatively low tax rates, tax holidays or government grants, in each case that are dependent on how we operate or how many jobs we create and employees we retain. We plan on utilizing such tax incentives in the future as opportunities are made available to us. Any failure on our part to operate in conformity with applicable requirements to remain qualified for any such tax incentives or grants may result in an increase in our taxes. In addition, jurisdictions may choose to increase rates at any time due to economic or other factors. Any such rate increase could harm our results of operations.
In addition, changes to U.S. tax laws that may be enacted in the future could impact the tax treatment of our foreign earnings. Due to expansion of our international business activities, any changes in the U.S. taxation of such activities could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
We may have additional tax liabilities, which could harm our business, results of operations or financial position.
Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities. Our tax expense may be impacted if our intercompany transactions, which are required to be computed on an arm’s-length basis, are challenged and successfully disputed by the tax authorities. Also, our tax expense could be impacted depending on the applicability of withholding taxes and indirect tax on software licenses and related intercompany transactions in certain jurisdictions. In determining the adequacy of income taxes, we assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes that could result if our tax positions were challenged by the IRS and other tax authorities. The tax authorities in the United States and other


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countries where we do business regularly examine our income and other tax returns. The ultimate outcome of these examinations cannot be predicted with certainty. Should the IRS or other tax authorities assess additional taxes as a result of examinations, we may be required to record charges to operations that could have a material impact on our results of operations, or financial position.
Sales to customers outside the United States expose us to risks inherent in international sales.
A key element of our growth strategy is to expand our international operations and develop a worldwide customer base. To date, we have not realized a significant portion of our revenue from customers headquartered outside the United States. Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks that are different from those in the United States. Because of our limited experience with international operations, our international expansion efforts may not be successful in creating demand for our solutions outside of the United States or in effectively selling subscriptions to our solutions in all of the international markets we enter. In addition, we will face risks in doing business internationally that could adversely affect our business, including:
the need to localize and adapt our solutions for specific countries, including translation into foreign languages and associated expenses;
data privacy laws that require customer data to be stored and processed in a designated territory;
difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;
different pricing environments, longer sales cycles and longer accounts receivable payment cycles and collections issues;
new and different sources of competition;
weaker protection for intellectual property and other legal rights than in the United States and practical difficulties in enforcing intellectual property and other rights outside of the United States;
laws and business practices favoring local competitors;
compliance challenges related to the complexity of multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations, including employment, tax, privacy and data protection laws and regulations;
increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;
restrictions on the transfer of funds;
adverse tax consequences; and
unstable regional and economic political conditions.
Currently, our international contracts are only occasionally denominated in local currencies; however, the majority of our local costs are denominated in local currencies. We anticipate that over time, an increasing portion of our international contracts may be denominated in local currencies. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of the United States dollar and foreign currencies may impact our operating results when translated into United States dollars. We do not currently engage in currency hedging activities to limit the risk of exchange rate fluctuations.


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We may acquire other companies or technologies, which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and otherwise disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operating results.
We may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses, applications or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our solutions, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated.
In addition, we have limited experience in acquiring other businesses. If we acquire additional businesses, we may not be able to integrate the acquired personnel, operations and technologies successfully or effectively manage the combined business following the acquisition. We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquired business due to a number of factors, including:
inability to integrate or benefit from acquired technologies or services in a profitable manner;
unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with the acquisition;
incurrence of acquisition-related costs;
difficulty integrating the accounting systems, operations and personnel of the acquired business;
difficulties and additional expenses associated with supporting legacy products and hosting infrastructure of the acquired business;
difficulty converting the customers of the acquired business onto our solutions and contract terms, including disparities in the revenue, licensing, support or professional services model of the acquired company;
diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns;
adverse effects to our existing business relationships with business partners and customers as a result of the acquisition;
the potential loss of key employees;
use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business; and
use of substantial portions of our available cash to consummate the acquisition.
In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our operating results, business and financial position could suffer.
We are subject to general litigation that may materially adversely affect us.
From time to time, we may be involved in disputes or regulatory inquiries that arise in the ordinary course of business. We expect that the number and significance of these potential disputes may increase as our business expands and our company grows larger. While our agreements with customers limit our liability for damages arising from our solutions, we cannot assure you that these contractual provisions will protect us from liability for damages in the event we are sued. Although we carry general liability insurance coverage,


31



our insurance may not cover all potential claims to which we are exposed or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. Any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, require significant amounts of management time, and result in the diversion of significant operational resources. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, we cannot assure you that the results of any of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.
Risks Related to the Offering
Our share price may be volatile, and you may be unable to sell your shares at or above the offering price, if at all. Market volatility may affect the value of an investment in our Class A common stock and could subject us to litigation.
Technology stocks have historically experienced high levels of volatility. There has been no public market for our Class A common stock prior to this offering. The initial public offering price for the shares of our Class A common stock will be determined by negotiations between us and representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market. The market price of our Class A common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to many risk factors listed in this section, and others beyond our control, including:
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and operating results;
changes in projected operational and financial results;
addition or loss of significant customers;
changes in laws or regulations applicable to our solutions;
actual or anticipated changes in our growth rate relative to our competitors;
announcements of technological innovations or new offerings by us or our competitors;
announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital-raising activities or commitments;
additions or departures of key personnel;
changes in our financial guidance or securities analysts’ estimates of our financial performance;
discussion of us or our stock price by the financial press and in online investor communities;
changes in accounting principles;
announcements related to litigation;
fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us;
sales of our Class A or Class B common stock by us or our stockholders;
share price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares;


32



the expiration of the lock-up period set forth in our certificate of incorporation and any contractual lock-up periods; and
general economic and market conditions.
Furthermore, the stock markets recently have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies, and technology companies in particular. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions, interest rate changes or international currency fluctuations, may negatively impact the market price of our Class A common stock. If the market price of our Class A common stock after this offering does not exceed the initial public offering price, you may not realize any return on your investment in us and may lose some or all of your investment. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could harm our business.
Substantial blocks of our total outstanding shares may be sold into the market when the lock-up period ends. If there are substantial sales of shares of our Class A common stock, the price of our Class A common stock could decline.
The price of our Class A common stock could decline if there are substantial sales of our Class A common stock, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, or if there is a large number of shares of our Class A common stock available for sale. After this offering, we will have outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and shares of our Class B common stock. All of the shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering will be freely tradeable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), except for any shares held by our affiliates as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. All shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock other than shares of Class A common stock issued in this offering are currently restricted from resale as a result of the “lock-up” restriction in our certificate of incorporation. These shares will become available to be sold 181 days after the date of this prospectus, with earlier sales permitted at the discretion of the representatives of the underwriters. In addition, our directors, executive officers and certain other stockholders have agreed pursuant to lock-up agreements with the representatives not to sell their shares for 180 days following the date of this prospectus without the consent of the representatives. The lock-up restrictions in our certificate of incorporation and in the lock-up agreements are more fully described in “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” and “Underwriting.” Shares held by directors, executive officers and other affiliates will be subject to volume limitations under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. In addition, the shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding options under our equity incentive plans and the shares reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans may become eligible for sale to the public, subject to certain legal and contractual limitations. The market price of the shares of our Class A common stock could decline as a result of the sale of a substantial number of our shares of common stock in the public market or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell their shares.
The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with our executives and their affiliates.
Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share, and our Class A common stock, which is the stock we are offering in this offering, has one vote per share. The beneficial owners of our Class B common stock, consisting of our executive officers who were our managing directors immediately prior to the corporate


33



conversion, will together hold approximately % of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock following this offering. Because of the ten-to-one voting ratio between our Class B and Class A common stock, the holders of our Class B common stock collectively will continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock and therefore be able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval so long as the shares of Class B common stock represent at least 9.1% of all outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future and may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us, or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our business, even if such a transaction would benefit other stockholders. The holders of Class B common stock may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests.
Future transfers by holders of Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting to Class A common stock, subject to limited exceptions, such as certain transfers to family members and transfers effected for estate planning purposes. The conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B common stock who retain their shares in the long term. If, for example, certain holders of Class B common stock retain a significant portion of their holdings of Class B common stock for an extended period of time, and a significant portion of the Class B common stock initially held by other executives is converted to Class A common stock, the remaining holders of Class B common stock could, as a result, acquire control of a majority of the combined voting power. As directors and executive officers, the initial beneficial owners of Class B common stock owe a fiduciary duty to our stockholders and must act in good faith in a manner they reasonably believe to be in the best interests of our stockholders. As stockholders, even if one of them becomes a controlling stockholder, each beneficial owner of Class B common stock is entitled to vote his shares in his own interests, which may not always be in the interests of our stockholders generally. For a description of the dual class structure, see “Description of Capital Stock—Anti-Takeover Provisions.”
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and may negatively affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws will include provisions that:
establish that our board of directors is divided into three classes, with each class serving three-year staggered terms;
provide that our directors may be removed only for cause;
provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum;
require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent;
specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors, the chairman of our board of directors or our chief executive officer or president (in the absence of a chief executive officer);
establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors;


34



authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 100,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock;
require the approval of our board of directors or the holders of a supermajority of our outstanding shares of capital stock to amend our bylaws and certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation; and
reflect two classes of common stock, as discussed above.    
These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. In addition, we will be a Delaware corporation and governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder. See “Description of Capital Stock.”
If you purchase shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, you will suffer immediate dilution of your investment.
We expect the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock to be substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock. Therefore, if you purchase shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, you will pay a price per share that substantially exceeds our pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering. Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, you will experience immediate dilution of $ per share, representing the difference between our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share as of , , after giving effect to this offering, and the assumed initial public offering price. In addition, following this offering, purchasers who bought shares from us in this offering will have contributed           % of the total consideration paid to us by our stockholders to purchase shares of Class A common stock, in exchange for acquiring approximately % of our total outstanding shares as of , , after giving effect to this offering. The exercise of outstanding options under our equity incentive plans and the issuance of shares reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans will result in further dilution.
Future sales and issuances of our capital stock or rights to purchase capital stock could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our stock price to decline.
We may issue additional securities following the completion of this offering. Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 1,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock. Future sales and issuances of our capital stock or rights to purchase our capital stock could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders. We may sell Class A common stock, convertible securities and other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner as we may determine from time to time. If we sell any such securities in subsequent transactions, investors may be materially diluted. New investors in subsequent transactions could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our Class A common stock.
We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from our initial public offering and may not use them effectively.
We cannot specify with any certainty the particular uses of the net proceeds that we will receive from our initial public offering. We will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds and


35



intend to use the net proceeds received by us from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products, services, technologies or other assets. We may spend or invest these proceeds in a way with which our stockholders disagree. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from our initial public offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our investors.
We will incur significantly increased costs and devote substantial management time as a result of operating as a public company.
As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. For example, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), and will be required to comply with the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Act, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange, including the establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and changes in corporate governance practices. We expect that compliance with these requirements will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time consuming and costly. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. We expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will increase when we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” as defined by the JOBS Act. We may need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur as a result of becoming a public company or the timing of such costs. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.
In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as regulatory and governing bodies provide new guidance. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We will continue to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business could be adversely affected.
As a result of disclosure of information as a public company, our business and financial condition have become more visible, which we believe may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If the claims are successful, our business operations and financial results could be adversely affected, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and adversely affect our business operations and financial results. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified employees, executive officers and members of our board of directors.


36



We also expect that operating as a public company will make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance on the terms that we would like. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified people to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as executive officers.
A failure to maintain adequate internal controls over our financial and management systems could cause errors in our financial reporting, which could cause a loss of investor confidence and result in a decline in the price of our Class A common stock.
Our public company reporting obligations and our anticipated growth will likely strain our financial and management systems, internal controls and employees. In addition, we will be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act when we cease to be an emerging growth company.
We are currently taking the necessary steps to comply with Section 404. If, during this process, we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal controls, it is possible that our management may be unable to certify that our internal controls are effective by the certification deadline. We cannot be certain we will be able to successfully complete the implementation and certification requirements of Section 404 within the time period allowed.
Moreover, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. If we have a material weaknesses or deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to prevent fraud. As a result, our failure to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 on a timely basis could result in us being subject to regulatory action and a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, both of which in turn could cause the market value of our Class A common stock to decline and affect our ability to raise capital.
We are an “emerging growth company,” and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We will cease to be an “emerging growth company” upon the earliest of (i) December 31, 2019, (ii) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenue are $1 billion or more, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous rolling three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt securities or (iv) the date on which we qualify as a “large accelerated filer” with at least $700 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates. We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive or our company less comparable to certain other public companies because we will rely on these exemptions.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We may not declare or pay cash dividends on our capital stock in the near future. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, stockholders must rely on sales of


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their Class A common stock after price appreciation as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our stock adversely, or if our actual results differ significantly from our guidance, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If few securities analysts commence coverage of us, or if industry analysts cease coverage of us, the trading price for our Class A common stock would be negatively affected. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our Class A common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our Class A common stock would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our Class A common stock could decrease, which might cause our Class A common stock price and trading volume to decline.
In addition, from time to time, we may release earnings guidance or other forward-looking statements in our earnings releases, earnings conference calls or otherwise regarding our future performance that represent our management’s estimates as of the date of release. Some or all of the assumptions of any future guidance that we furnish may not materialize or may vary significantly from actual future results. Any failure to meet guidance or analysts’ expectations could have a material adverse effect on the trading price or trading volume of our Class A common stock.



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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus includes forward-looking statements. All statements contained in this prospectus other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors.” Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, achievements or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will occur. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.


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USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of the shares of the Class A common stock offered by us will be approximately $ million, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. If the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional shares in this offering is exercised in full, we estimate that our net proceeds will be approximately $ million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $ million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of one million shares in the number of shares of Class A common stock offered by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $ million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price remains the same and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The principal purposes of this offering are to create a public market for our Class A common stock, obtain additional capital, facilitate our future access to the public equity markets, increase awareness of our company among potential customers, and improve our competitive position.
Although we have not yet determined with certainty the manner in which we will allocate the net proceeds of this offering, we intend to use the net proceeds of the offering for working capital and for other general corporate purposes, including investments in sales and marketing in North America and Europe and in research and development. We also anticipate using the additional working capital to offset a decrease in our cash flow from operations that we expect as a result of a planned reduction in incentives for annual and multi-year contracts. This reduction is not expected to adversely affect revenue.
Additionally, we may choose to expand our current business through acquisitions of, or investments in, complementary businesses, products or technologies, using cash or shares of our Class A common stock. However, we have no commitments with respect to any such acquisitions or investments at this time.
Pending other uses, we intend to invest the proceeds in interest-bearing, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government, or hold them as cash. We cannot predict whether the proceeds invested will yield a favorable return. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds we receive from our initial public offering, and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends on our capital stock will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant. In addition, our credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank restricts our ability to pay dividends. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” for a summary of the material terms of our credit facility.


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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of September 30, 2014 on:
an actual basis;
a pro forma basis after giving effect to the corporate conversion; and
a pro forma as adjusted basis giving effect to (i) the corporate conversion, (ii) the conversion of a convertible promissory note issued in July 2014 in an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million plus accrued interest into shares of Class A common stock (based on an assumed closing date for this offering of , and an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), and (iii) the sale and issuance of             shares of our Class A common stock by us in this offering, based upon the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The pro forma as adjusted information set forth in the table below is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of the offering determined at the pricing of this offering.
You should read this table together with the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
As of September 30, 2014
 
Actual
 
Pro forma
 
Pro forma as adjusted
 
(unaudited; in thousands, except share and per share data)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
20,275

 
$
 
$
Debt:
 
 
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt
351

 
 
 
 
Long-term debt, less current portion
4,991

 
 
 
 
Total debt
5,342

 


 


Members’ equity (deficit):
 
 
 
 
 
Series A preferred units (21,050,000 issued and outstanding, actual; none issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted)
(13,844
)
 

 

Series B preferred units (15,665,525 issued and outstanding, actual; none issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted)
(9,526
)
 

 

Series C preferred units (10,486,387 issued and outstanding, actual; none issued and outstanding, pro form and pro forma as adjusted)
(2,035
)
 

 

Common units (19,169,737 issued and outstanding, actual; none issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted)
2,302

 

 

Appreciation and participation units (21,982,220 issued and outstanding, actual; none issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted)
(393
)
 

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income
92

 

 

Total members’ equity (deficit)
(23,404
)
 

 



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As of September 30, 2014
 
Actual
 
Pro forma
 
Pro forma as adjusted
 
(unaudited; in thousands, except share and per share data)
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
 
 
 
 
 
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share (no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted)

 
 
 
 
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share (no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted)

 
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share (no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; shares authorized, none issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted)

 

 

Additional paid-in capital

 
 
 
 
Accumulated deficit

 
 
 
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income

 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

 
 
 
 
Total capitalization
$

 
$
 
$
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) each of pro forma as adjusted additional paid in capital, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $ million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. An increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 in the number of shares offered by us would increase (decrease) each of additional paid in capital, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $ million, assuming the initial public offering price per share remains the same and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. An increase of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us, together with a concomitant $1.00 increase in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, would increase each of additional paid in capital, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $ million. Conversely, a decrease of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us, together with a concomitant $1.00 decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, would decrease each of additional paid in capital, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $ million. The information discussed above is illustrative only.
The foregoing table excludes, after giving effect to the corporate conversion:
shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options to purchase shares of Class A common stock as of , at a weighted-average exercise price of $ per share; and
an additional shares of Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.



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DILUTION
If you invest in our Class A common stock in this offering, your interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock (as set forth on the cover of this prospectus) and the pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value per share of our Class A and Class B common stock after this offering. Pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the amount of the net tangible book value (tangible assets less total liabilities) divided by the number of outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock, after giving effect to the corporate conversion.
Investors participating in this offering will incur immediate, substantial dilution. Our pro forma net tangible book value as of , was $ , or $ per share of common stock, based on an aggregate shares of our Class A and Class B common stock outstanding after giving effect to the corporate conversion.
After giving effect to (i) the corporate conversion and (ii) the sale and issuance of             shares of our Class A common stock by us in this offering, based upon the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value as of , , would be $ , or $ per share. This represents an immediate increase in the pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value of $ per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $ per share to new investors purchasing Class A common stock in this offering.
The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
Assumed initial public offering price
 
$
Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of   ,
$
 
Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering
 
 
Pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering
 
 
Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering
 
$
Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) our pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors by $ , and would increase (decrease) dilution per share to new investors in this offering by $ , assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. An increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 in the number of shares offered by us would increase (decrease) our pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors by $ , assuming the initial public offering price per share remains the same and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, the pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering would be $ per share, and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering would be $ per share.
The following table shows, as of , , the difference between the number of shares of our Class A common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price paid per


43



share by existing stockholders and by new investors purchasing shares of our Class A common stock in this offering:
 
Shares Purchased
 
Total Consideration
 
Average Price per Share
 
Number
 
Percentage
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
Existing stockholders
 
 
%
 
$
 
%
 
$
New investors
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
%
 
$
 
%
 
 
Sales by us in this offering will reduce the percentage of shares held by existing stockholders to % and will increase the number of shares held by new investors to , or %.
The above tables and discussion are based on shares of our Class A common stock and shares of our Class B common stock outstanding as of , , after giving effect to the corporate conversion.
The foregoing table excludes, after giving effect to the corporate conversion:
shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the conversion of a convertible promissory note in an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million issued in July 2014;
shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options to purchase shares of Class A common stock as of , , at a weighted-average exercise price of $ per share; and
an additional shares of Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.



44



SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following selected consolidated financial data for the year ended December 31, 2011 , and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2011 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. The following selected consolidated statement of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 and selected consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2014 are derived from our unaudited consolidated interim financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited consolidated financial data for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 and as of September 30, 2014 include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, that are necessary in the opinion of our management for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations for these periods. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future, and our operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year ended December 31, 2014.
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
 
(in thousands, except per share information)
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
10,925

 
$
34,702

 
$
65,164

 
$
46,015

 
$
66,306

Professional services
3,939

 
18,236

 
19,987

 
15,567

 
16,259

Total revenue
14,864

 
52,938

 
85,151

 
61,582

 
82,565

Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Subscription and support (1)
3,069

 
9,222

 
14,530

 
10,724

 
15,078

Professional services (1)
2,916

 
9,777

 
9,262

 
7,106

 
8,826

Total cost of revenue
5,985

 
18,999

 
23,792

 
17,830

 
23,904

Gross profit
8,879

 
33,939

 
61,359

 
43,752

 
58,661

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development (1)
6,611

 
18,342

 
32,506

 
24,991

 
32,142

Sales and marketing (1)
10,471

 
27,506

 
40,243

 
30,381

 
39,391

General and administrative (1) (2)
5,112

 
16,146

 
14,113

 
10,612

 
13,941

Total operating expenses
22,194

 
61,994

 
86,862

 
65,984

 
85,474

Loss from operations
(13,315
)
 
(28,055
)
 
(25,503
)
 
(22,232
)
 
(26,813
)
Interest expense
(268
)
 
(1,521
)
 
(366
)
 
(359
)
 
(1,281
)
Other income and (expense), net
18

 
(861
)
 
104

 
70

 
(260
)
Net loss
$
(13,565
)
 
$
(30,437
)
 
$
(25,765
)
 
$
(22,521
)
 
$
(28,354
)
Pro forma net loss and per share information (unaudited): (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma provision for income
taxes
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

Pro forma net loss
 
 
 
 
$
(25,765
)
 
 
 
$
(28,354
)
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


45



(1) Equity-based compensation expense included in these line items is as follows:
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
 
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
64

 
$
80

 
$
200

 
$
159

 
$
403

Professional services
96

 
144

 
171

 
139

 
264

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
188

 
194

 
762

 
627

 
1,443

Sales and marketing
213

 
293

 
799

 
544

 
889

General and administrative (2)
767

 
7,418

 
1,438

 
1,181

 
2,540

Total equity-based compensation expense
$
1,328

 
$
8,129

 
$
3,370

 
$
2,650

 
$
5,539

(2) One-time grants of immediately vested appreciation units to two managing directors significantly increased general and administrative cost in the year ended December 31, 2012.
(3) Unaudited pro forma net loss and per share information gives effect to the corporate conversion. In conjunction with the corporate conversion, all of our outstanding equity units and options to purchase equity units automatically convert into shares of our common stock or options to purchase common stock.
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
 
December 31,
 
September 30,
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
 
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
10,029

 
$
24,979

 
$
15,515

 
$
13,134

 
$
20,275

Working capital, excluding deferred revenue
12,255

 
28,063

 
19,926

 
10,904

 
14,296

Total assets
19,554

 
53,522

 
73,944

 
56,841

 
82,556

Deferred revenue, current and long term
9,428

 
18,165

 
36,385

 
24,394

 
51,877

Total current liabilities
14,485

 
26,404

 
43,325

 
36,257

 
57,949

Total non-current liabilities
13,673

 
13,098

 
31,754

 
19,389

 
48,011

Total members’ equity (deficit)
(8,604
)
 
14,020

 
(1,135
)
 
1,195

 
(23,404
)



46



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
Workiva has pioneered a cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform for enterprises to collaboratively collect, manage, report and analyze critical business data in real time. Our secure software platform, Wdesk, allows users to integrate and control all of their business data, regardless of format or location, with innovative live-linking technology. Our proprietary, integrated word processing, spreadsheet and presentation applications, built upon our data engine, allow thousands of users to collaborate simultaneously on data-linked reports and documents. Wdesk empowers our customers to dynamically define their business processes and optimize workflows so that critical data can be reported and analyzed more efficiently. Our customers can gain insights based on their trusted data, which enables better real-time decision-making. Additionally, our customers deploy our solutions to serve as a single system of record for critical data, to reduce risk and operational costs, and to increase efficiency in business reporting. As of September 30, 2014 , we provided our solutions to more than 2,100 enterprise customers, including over 60% of both the Fortune 500 and Fortune 100.
Our Wdesk product platform allows multiple users to simultaneously create, review and publish data-linked documents and reports with greater control, accuracy and productivity than ever before. We offer our customers solutions for compliance, risk, sustainability and management reporting, and enterprise risk management. Underlying these solutions is our scalable, enterprise-grade data engine that collects, aggregates and manages our customers’ unstructured and structured data.
We operate our business on a software-as-a-service (SaaS) model. Customers enter into quarterly, annual and multi-year subscription contracts to utilize Wdesk. Our subscription fee includes the use of our service and technical support. Our pricing is based primarily on the number of corporate entities, number of users, level of customer support, and length of contract. Our pricing model is scaled to the number of users, so the subscription price per user typically decreases as the number of users increases. We charge customers additional fees primarily for document setup and XBRL tagging services. We generate sales primarily through our direct sales force and, to a lesser extent, customer success and professional services teams.
Our integrated platform, subscription-based model, and exceptional customer support have contributed to a low rate of customer turnover while achieving strong revenue growth. Our subscription and support revenue retention rate exceeded 97% for the twelve months ended September 30, 2014 .
We were founded in 2008 and entered into our first commercial contract in 2010. We have funded our business with cash flow from operations and external financing. From inception in 2008 through September 30, 2014 , we received gross proceeds of $71.5 million from private placements of equity and debt that converted into equity and option exercises, as well as $7.0 million of forgivable government grants and loans and job training reimbursement dollars. In addition, we issued a $5.0 million convertible subordinated note in July 2014.
We continue to invest in the development of our solutions, infrastructure and sales and marketing to drive long-term growth. Our full-time employee headcount expanded 30.7% from 726 at September 30, 2013 to 949 at September 30, 2014 .


47



We have achieved significant revenue growth in recent periods. Our revenue grew 60.9% from $52.9 million in 2012 to $85.2 million in 2013 . We incurred net losses of $30.4 million and $25.8 million in 2012 and 2013 , respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 , our revenue grew 34.1% from $61.6 million to $82.6 million . We incurred net losses of $22.5 million and $28.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 , respectively.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
New customers . We employ a “land-and-expand” sales strategy that focuses on acquiring new customers through our direct sales model and growing our relationships with existing customers over time. Acquiring new customers is a key component of our continued success in the marketplace, growth opportunity and future revenue. We have aggressively invested in and intend to continue to invest in our direct sales force. For the twelve months ended September 30, 2014 , we signed 446 new customers.
Further penetration of existing customers . Our account management teams seek to generate additional revenue from our customers by adding seats to existing subscriptions and by signing new subscriptions for additional business solutions on our platform. We believe a significant opportunity exists for us to sell additional subscriptions to current customers as they become more familiar with our platform and adopt our solutions to address additional business use cases.
Investment in growth . We are expanding our operations, increasing our headcount and developing software to both enhance our current offerings and build new features. We expect our total operating expenses to increase, particularly as we continue to expand our sales operations, marketing activities and development staff. We continue to invest in our sales, marketing and customer success organizations to drive additional revenue and support the growth of our customer base. Investments we make in our sales and marketing and research and development organizations will occur in advance of experiencing any benefits from such investments.
Key Performance Indicators
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
 
(dollars in thousands)
Financial metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
14,864

 
$
52,938

 
$
85,151

 
$
61,582

 
$
82,565

Year-over-year percentage increase
 
 
256.1
%
 
60.9
%
 
72.8
%
 
34.1
%
Subscription and support revenue
$
10,925

 
$
34,702

 
$
65,164

 
$
46,015

 
$
66,306

Subscription and support as a percent of revenue
73.5
%
 
65.6
%
 
76.5
%
 
74.7
%
 
80.3
%



48



 
As of December 31,
 
As of September 30,
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
Operating metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of customers
676

 
1,421

 
1,927

 
1,808

 
2,176

Subscription and support revenue retention rate
 
 
97.7
%
 
97.8
%
 
97.6
%
 
97.3
%
Subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons
 
 
108.4
%
 
114.4
%
 
113.1
%
 
108.4
%
Total customers . We believe total number of customers is a key indicator of our financial success and future revenue potential. We define a customer as an entity with an active subscription contract as of the measurement date. Our customer is typically a parent company or, in a few cases, a significant subsidiary that works with us directly. Companies with publicly-listed securities account for a substantial majority of our customers.
Subscription and support revenue retention rate . We calculate our subscription and support revenue retention rate by annualizing the subscription and support revenue recorded in the first month of the measurement period for only those customers in place throughout the entire measurement period, thereby excluding any attrition. We divide the result by the annualized subscription and support revenue in the first month of the measurement period for all customers in place at the beginning of the measurement period. The measurement period is based on the trailing twelve months. Merger and acquisition activity involving customers has accounted for most of our attrition.
Subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons . Add-on revenue includes additional seats purchased by existing customers. We calculate our subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons by annualizing the subscription and support revenue recorded in the last month of the measurement period for only those customers in place throughout the entire measurement period. We divide the result by the annualized subscription and support revenue in the first month of the measurement period for all customers in place at the beginning of the measurement period. The measurement period is based on the trailing twelve months.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate revenue through the sale of subscriptions to our cloud-based software and the delivery of professional services. We serve a wide range of customers in many industries, and our revenue is not concentrated with any single customer or small group of customers. For each of the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 , and for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , no single customer represented more than 2% of our revenue, and our largest ten customers accounted for less than 5% of our revenue in the aggregate.
We generate sales directly through our sales force. We also identify some sales opportunities with existing customers through our customer success and professional services teams.
Our customer contracts typically range in length from 3 to 36 months. Our arrangements do not contain general rights of return. We typically invoice our customers for subscription fees in advance on a quarterly, annual, two-year or three-year basis, with payment due at the start of the subscription term. Unpaid invoice amounts for services starting in future periods are excluded from accounts receivable and deferred revenue. Invoiced amounts are reflected as accounts receivable once we have initiated services with an offset to deferred revenue or revenue depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. At December 31, 2013 , deferred revenue was $36.4 million . Estimated future recognition from deferred


49



revenue at December 31, 2013 was $27.4 million in 2014, $5.5 million in 2015, $3.4 million in 2016 and $118,000 thereafter. 
We have continued to expand our customer base, and recently more of our clients have requested annual, instead of quarterly, billing terms. The proportion of aggregate contract value reflected on our balance sheet as deferred revenue may continue to increase if this trend continues.
Subscription and Support Revenue . We recognize the aggregate minimum subscription and support fees ratably on a straight-line basis over the subscription term, provided that an enforceable contract has been signed by both parties, access to our SaaS solutions has been granted to the customer, the fee for the subscription and support is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured.
Professional Services Revenue . We believe our professional services facilitate the sale of our subscription service to certain customers. To date, most of our professional services relate to document set up and XBRL tagging, which are activities that we have undertaken hundreds of times. When requested by our new or existing customers, we will set up their documents by importing a prior version and formatting the document using best practice methods in our solution. Our XBRL tagging services include applying XBRL tagging to a customer filing document using Wdesk XBRL tools, reviewing existing tags for correctness, identifying any necessary revisions to be consistent with newly provided requirements or guidance from the SEC or FASB, as well as rolling forward XBRL tags from a prior filing to a current filing document.
Our professional services are not required for customers to utilize our solution. Our pricing for professional services has been predominantly on a fixed-fee basis, and we recognize revenue after the services have been performed. Document set up services are typically completed in less than two weeks. XBRL tagging services are offered for each filing document, and revenue is recognized upon a successful submission to the SEC.
We are beginning to provide professional services on new solutions, including our Sarbanes-Oxley compliance solution, which may involve a different mix of subscription, support and services than we have experienced to date. The contribution of this new revenue mix may impact our gross margins in ways that we cannot predict.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists primarily of personnel and related costs directly associated with our professional services and customer success teams, and training personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and equity-based compensation; the costs of contracted third-party vendors; the costs of server usage by our customers; information technology costs; and facility costs. Costs of server usage are comprised primarily of fees paid to Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, commissions, and equity-based compensation. Other costs included in this expense are marketing and promotional events, our annual user conference, online marketing, product marketing, information technology costs, and facility costs. We capitalize and amortize sales commissions that are directly attributable to a contract over the lesser of twelve months or the non-cancelable term of the customer contract based on the terms of our commission arrangements.


50



Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and equity-based compensation; costs of server usage by our developers; information technology costs; and facility costs.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs for our executive, finance, legal, human resources, and administrative personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and equity-based compensation; legal, accounting, and other professional service fees; other corporate expenses; information technology costs; and facility costs.
Income Taxes
We are currently organized as a limited liability company, and therefore, as a pass-through entity for income tax purposes. Certain of our foreign subsidiaries are subject to income tax. As of December 31, 2013, we had approximately $398,000 of net operating losses in foreign jurisdictions that expire in 2032 and 2033 and are covered by a full valuation allowance. Following the corporate conversion, we will be a corporation subject to federal, state and foreign income taxes.
Cohort Analysis
We endeavor to maximize the lifetime value of each customer relationship. We make significant investments in acquiring new customers and expect to achieve a favorable return on these investments by developing our relationships over time and ensuring that we maintain a high level of customer retention. To illustrate the economics of our customer relationships, we are providing an analysis of the customers we acquired in 2011, which we refer to as the 2011 Cohort. We selected the 2011 Cohort as a representative set of customers for this analysis because 2011 is the first year since our inception with a material number of customers and revenue.
The 2011 Cohort comprised 506 customers from a variety of industries. As of December 31, 2013, 466 of the 506 customers we initially acquired in 2011, or 92.1% , were still active customers. As of September 30, 2014, 454 of the 506 customers we initially acquired in 2011, or 89.7% , were still active customers.
We incur and recognize significant upfront costs in connection with acquiring new customers, including sales commission expenses that are recognized fully in the period in which we execute a customer contract. However, we recognize subscription and support revenue ratably over the entire term of those contracts, with recognition commencing only when the customer is able to begin using our solution.
We expect each customer to be profitable for us over the duration of our relationship, but the costs we incur with respect to any customer relationship typically exceed revenue in the early stages of the relationship because we recognize those costs in advance of the recognition of revenue. Some customers pay in advance of the recognition of revenue and, as a result, our cash flow from those customers may exceed the amount of revenue recognized for those customers in earlier periods of our relationship.
We have measured the 2011 Cohort performance with respect to subscription and support revenue. In 2011, we recognized subscription and support revenue of $10.9 million , of which $6.8 million related to the 2011 Cohort. In 2012, we recognized subscription and support revenue of $34.7 million , of which $17.8 million related to the 2011 Cohort. In 2013, we recognized subscription and support revenue of $65.2 million , of which $20.2 million related to the 2011 Cohort.
We have also measured the 2011 Cohort performance with respect to contribution margin. We define contribution margin for a period as the ratio of (a) the excess of the subscription and support revenue for a


51



group of customers over the estimated selling and related costs with respect to the same customer group to (b) the total subscription and support revenue for the customer group. Selling expenses allocated to the customer include estimates for personnel costs associated with the sales teams that support that customer, such as salaries, commissions, and allocated corporate overhead. Related expenses include the ongoing expenses allocated to the customer, such as personnel costs and associated overhead for our customer success team, as well as marketing costs associated with our user conference. Personnel costs exclude equity-based compensation for purposes of this calculation. Depreciation and amortization have also been excluded from the calculation. In addition, we exclude all research and development and general and administrative expenses from this analysis because these expenses support the overall growth of our business.
In 2011, we recognized $6.8 million in subscription and support revenue from the 2011 Cohort and incurred $12.3 million in costs for these customers, creating a negative contribution margin. In 2012, the 2011 Cohort began to provide a positive contribution margin. In 2012 and 2013, we recognized $17.8 million and $20.2 million in subscription and support revenue from the 2011 Cohort, and our costs related to these customers were approximately $5.7 million and $6.7 million , respectively. As of December 31, 2013, we estimate that we generated aggregate cumulative subscription and support revenue and cumulative costs for the 2011 Cohort of approximately $44.8 million and $24.7 million , respectively, resulting in a cumulative contribution margin of 44.9% since the beginning of 2011.
We also measure our performance with respect to the 2011 Cohort based on the multiple of subscription and support revenue recognized relative to the sales and marketing costs we incurred over the life of our customer relationships from 2011 through 2013. In 2011, we incurred sales and marketing expenses of $10.5 million . We excluded equity-based compensation, depreciation and amortization of $0.3 million . We allocated the remaining $10.2 million to the 2011 Cohort, as we were focused primarily on acquiring new customers during that year. In 2012 and 2013, we allocated our marketing user conference costs to existing customers proportionately, equating to $1.3 million for the 2011 Cohort. We generally consider most other marketing costs we incur in any year to be a cost of acquiring new customers in that year. In 2012 and 2013, we allocated a total of $4.7 million of sales expense, related to the portion of the sales organization focused on expanding existing customer revenue. For the 2011 Cohort, from 2011 through 2013, we recognized $44.8 million in subscription and support revenue and allocated $16.2 million in sales and marketing costs based on the above estimates and assumptions, which equates to a multiple of 2.8 times.
We cannot assure you that we will experience similar financial outcomes from customers added in other years or in future periods. We believe the estimates and assumptions we used to allocate costs are reasonable, but the allocated costs could have varied significantly from the amounts disclosed above had we used different estimates and assumptions. You should not rely on the allocated expenses or relationship of expenses to subscription and support revenue as being indicative of our current or future performance. Because we are still in the early stages of our development, we do not yet have enough operating history to measure the lifetime of our customer relationships. Therefore, we cannot predict the average lifetime of a customer relationship for the 2011 Cohort or for customers acquired in other fiscal years. We also cannot predict whether subscription and support revenue for the 2011 Cohort will continue to grow at the rate of growth experienced through 2013, or whether the growth rate of other cohorts will be similar to that of the 2011 Cohort. Moreover, we cannot assure you that we will experience similar results in terms of the relationship between subscription and support revenue and costs for customer acquired in other years or in future periods. We may not achieve profitability even if our subscription and support revenue exceeds our customer acquisition and related costs over time. We encourage you to read our consolidated financial statements that are included in this prospectus.


52



Results of Operations
The following table sets forth selected consolidated statement of operations data for each of the periods indicated:
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
 
(in thousands)
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
34,702

 
$
65,164

 
$
46,015

 
$
66,306

Professional services
18,236

 
19,987

 
15,567

 
16,259

Total revenue
52,938

 
85,151

 
61,582

 
82,565

Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support (1)
9,222

 
14,530

 
10,724

 
15,078

Professional services (1)
9,777

 
9,262

 
7,106

 
8,826

Total cost of revenue
18,999

 
23,792

 
17,830

 
23,904

Gross profit
33,939

 
61,359

 
43,752

 
58,661

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development (1)
18,342

 
32,506

 
24,991

 
32,142

Sales and marketing (1)
27,506

 
40,243

 
30,381

 
39,391

General and administrative (1)
16,146

 
14,113

 
10,612

 
13,941

Total operating expenses
61,994

 
86,862

 
65,984

 
85,474

Loss from operations
(28,055
)
 
(25,503
)
 
(22,232
)
 
(26,813
)
Interest expense
(1,521
)
 
(366
)
 
(359
)
 
(1,281
)
Other income and (expense), net
(861
)
 
104

 
70

 
(260
)
Net loss
$
(30,437
)
 
$
(25,765
)
 
$
(22,521
)
 
$
(28,354
)
(1) Equity-based compensation expense included in these line items was as follows:
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
 
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
80

 
$
200

 
$
159

 
$
403

Professional services
144

 
171

 
139

 
264

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
194

 
762

 
627

 
1,443

Sales and marketing
293

 
799

 
544

 
889

General and administrative
7,418

 
1,438

 
1,181

 
2,540

Total equity-based compensation expense
$
8,129

 
$
3,370

 
$
2,650

 
$
5,539




53



The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations data as a percentage of revenue for each of the periods indicated:
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
65.6
 %
 
76.5
 %
 
74.7
 %
 
80.3
 %
Professional services
34.4

 
23.5

 
25.3

 
19.7

Total revenue
1
 
1
 
1
 
1
Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
17.4

 
17.1

 
17.4

 
18.3

Professional services
18.5

 
10.9

 
11.5

 
10.7

Total cost of revenue
35.9

 
28.0

 
28.9

 
29.0

Gross profit
64.1

 
72.0

 
71.1

 
71.0

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
34.6

 
38.2

 
40.6

 
38.9

Sales and marketing
52.0

 
47.3

 
49.3

 
47.7

General and administrative
30.5

 
16.6

 
17.2

 
16.9

Total operating expenses
117.1

 
102.1

 
107.1

 
103.5

Loss from operations
(53.0
)
 
(30.1
)
 
(36.0
)
 
(32.5
)
Interest expense
(2.9
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(1.6
)
Other income and (expense), net
(1.6
)
 
0.1

 
0.1

 
(0.3
)
Loss from operations before income tax expense
(57.5
)
 
(30.4
)
 
(36.5
)
 
(34.4
)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

 

 

Net loss
(57.5
)%
 
(30.4
)%
 
(36.5
)%
 
(34.4
)%
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2014
Revenue
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
Period-to-period change
 
2013
 
2014
 
Amount
 
% Change
 
(in thousands, unaudited)
 
 
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
46,015

 
$
66,306

 
$
20,291

 
44.1%
Professional services
15,567

 
16,259

 
692

 
4.4%
Total revenue
$
61,582

 
$
82,565

 
$
20,983

 
34.1%
Total revenue increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 due primarily to a $20.3 million increase in subscription and support revenue. Of the total increase in subscription and support revenue, 36.0% represented revenue from new customers acquired after September 30, 2013 , and 64.0% represented revenue from existing customers as of September 30, 2013 . Our total number of customers increased 20.4% from September 30, 2013 to September 30, 2014 . Price changes did not have a material impact on the year-over-year increase in revenue.


54



Cost of Revenue
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
Period-to-period change
 
2013
 
2014
 
Amount
 
% Change
 
(in thousands, unaudited)
 
 
Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
10,724

 
$
15,078

 
$
4,354

 
40.6%
Professional services
7,106

 
8,826

 
1,720

 
24.2%
Total cost of revenue
$
17,830

 
$
23,904

 
$
6,074

 
34.1%
Cost of revenue increased $6.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , which was attributable primarily to an increase personnel-related costs of $4.3 million , consisting of an increase in employee compensation, benefits, and travel costs of $4.0 million , and additional equity-based compensation of $0.4 million . These personnel-related cost increases were driven by headcount growth in the customer success and professional services teams. In addition, the cost of our server usage increased $1.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as customer usage of our platform grew.
Operating Expenses
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
Period-to-period change
 
2013
 
2014
 
Amount
 
% Change
 
(in thousands, unaudited)
 
 
Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
$
24,991

 
$
32,142

 
$
7,151

 
28.6%
Sales and marketing
30,381

 
39,391

 
9,010

 
29.7%
General and administrative
10,612

 
13,941

 
3,329

 
31.4%
Total operating expenses
$
65,984

 
$
85,474

 
$
19,490

 
29.5%
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased $7.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 due primarily to an increase in personnel-related costs of $6.9 million , consisting of an increase in employee compensation, benefits, and travel costs of $6.0 million , and additional equity-based compensation of $1.0 million . The increase in personnel-related costs was driven primarily by an increase in total headcount in research and development, as we continued to add features to our platform.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses increased $9.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 due primarily to the expansion of our sales force and increases in marketing programs. Employee compensation, benefits, and travel costs rose $4.5 million , and equity-based compensation increased by $0.4 million , due to higher headcount in sales and marketing. Costs relating to our annual user conference increased by $1.4 million . Professional service fees increased approximately $0.9 million due primarily to an increased number of consultants to assist in expanding our sales internationally. Advertising costs increased $0.8 million related to our name change and new solutions. Depreciation, rent, and other support costs included in sales and marketing increased $0.7 million in the period to support the growth of our sales force.


55



General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased $3.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 due partially to an increase in employee compensation, benefits, and travel costs of $1.5 million , and additional equity-based compensation of $0.7 million . The increase in personnel-related costs was driven primarily by a rise in total headcount in general and administrative to support the growth of our business. In addition, equity-based compensation to consultants increased $0.6 million , due primarily to a one-time grant with immediate vesting terms to a consultant.
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2013
Revenue
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Period-to-period change
 
2012
 
2013
 
Amount
 
% Change
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
34,702

 
$
65,164

 
$
30,462

 
87.8%
Professional services
18,236

 
19,987

 
1,751

 
9.6%
Total revenue
$
52,938

 
$
85,151

 
$
32,213

 
60.9%
Total revenue increased $32.2 million in 2013 compared to 2012 due primarily to the increase in subscription and support revenue of $30.5 million . Of the total increase in subscription and support revenue, 29.9% represented revenue from new customers acquired after December 31, 2012 , and 70.1% represented revenue from existing customers at or prior to December 31, 2012 . Our total customers increased 35.6% from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013 . Price changes did not have a material impact on the year-over-year increase in revenue.
Cost of Revenue
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Period-to-period change
 
2012
 
2013
 
Amount
 
% Change
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
9,222

 
$
14,530

 
$
5,308

 
57.6%
Professional services
9,777

 
9,262

 
(515
)
 
(5.3)%
Total cost of revenue
$
18,999

 
$
23,792

 
$
4,793

 
25.2%
Cost of revenue increased $4.8 million in 2013 compared to 2012, attributable primarily to increased employee compensation, benefits, and travel costs of $2.6 million , and additional equity-based compensation of $0.1 million . Headcount growth in the customer success and professional services teams was the primary driver of these personnel-related costs. In addition, the cost of server usage increased $1.0 million during 2013 compared to 2012 as customer usage of our platform grew.


56



Operating Expenses
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Period-to-period change
 
2012
 
2013
 
Amount
 
% Change
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
$
18,342

 
$
32,506

 
$
14,164

 
77.2%
Sales and marketing
27,506

 
40,243

 
12,737

 
46.3%
General and administrative
16,146

 
14,113

 
(2,033
)
 
(12.6)%
Total operating expenses
$
61,994

 
$
86,862

 
$
24,868

 
40.1%
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased $14.2 million in 2013 compared to 2012 due primarily to increased employee compensation, benefits, and travel costs of $9.5 million , and additional equity-based compensation of $0.3 million . Rising headcount in research and development to support the continued addition of features to our platform drove our costs higher. In addition, the cost of server usage included in research and development increased $0.8 million during 2013 compared to 2012. An increase in depreciation, rent, and other support costs contributed an additional $2.5 million of expense. Fees paid to consultants increased $1.1 million , consisting of $0.8 million in cash and $0.3 million in equity-based compensation.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses increased $12.7 million in 2013 compared to 2012 due primarily to the expansion of our sales force and increases in marketing programs. Employee compensation, benefits, and travel costs rose $10.2 million , while equity-based compensation increased by $0.4 million , due primarily to higher headcount in sales and marketing. Depreciation, rent, and other support costs rose $1.7 million .
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses decreased $2.0 million in 2013 compared to 2012 due primarily to reduced equity grants in 2013 offset by increased personnel related costs. Total equity-based compensation relating to personnel decreased $6.5 million while other personnel-related costs increased $2.5 million , consisting of increased employee compensation, benefits, and travel costs. The increase in other personnel-related costs was driven primarily by a rise in total headcount. Professional service fees increased by $3.1 million , related primarily to the administration of our health insurance plan, legal and accounting fees.



57



Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations
The following tables set forth selected unaudited quarterly consolidated statement of operations data for each of the quarters indicated as well as the percentage of total revenue for each line item shown. The unaudited consolidated financial statements for each of these quarters have been derived from and prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated results of operations for these periods. You should read this information together with our audited consolidated financial statements, interim unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. These quarterly operating results are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period.
 
Three months ended
 
 
 
Mar 31,
2012
 
Jun 30,
2012
 
Sept 30, 2012
 
Dec 31,
2012
 
Mar 31,
2013
 
Jun 30,
2013
 
Sept 30, 2013
 
Dec 31,
2013
 
Mar 31,
2014
 
Jun 30,
2014
 
Sept 30, 2014
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
5,507

 
$
7,405

 
$
9,698

 
$
12,092

 
$
13,449

 
$
15,233

 
$
17,333

 
$
19,149

 
$
20,648

 
$
21,968

 
$
23,690

Professional
services
3,488

 
3,707

 
5,841

 
5,200

 
7,850

 
3,794

 
3,923

 
4,420

 
7,484

 
4,546

 
4,229

Total revenue
8,995

 
11,112

 
15,539

 
17,292

 
21,299

 
19,027

 
21,256

 
23,569

 
28,132

 
26,514

 
27,919

Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support (1)
1,721

 
2,006

 
2,544

 
2,951

 
3,392

 
3,383

 
3,949

 
3,806

 
4,664

 
5,029

 
5,385

Professional
services (1)
1,765

 
2,440

 
2,739

 
2,833

 
2,879

 
2,163

 
2,064

 
2,156

 
2,793

 
2,882

 
3,151

Total cost of
revenue
3,486

 
4,446

 
5,283

 
5,784

 
6,271

 
5,546

 
6,013

 
5,962

 
7,457

 
7,911

 
8,536

Gross profit
5,509

 
6,666

 
10,256

 
11,508

 
15,028

 
13,481

 
15,243

 
17,607

 
20,675

 
18,603

 
19,383

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development (1)
2,857

 
3,935

 
5,284

 
6,266

 
8,095

 
8,121

 
8,775

 
7,515

 
10,219

 
10,768

 
11,155

Sales and
marketing (1)
4,773

 
6,268

 
8,607

 
7,858

 
9,214

 
9,441

 
11,726

 
9,862

 
10,415

 
12,747

 
16,229

General and administrative (1)
1,857

 
1,834

 
2,221

 
10,234

 
3,770

 
2,825

 
4,017

 
3,501

 
4,197

 
5,186

 
4,558

Total operating expenses
9,487

 
12,037

 
16,112

 
24,358

 
21,079

 
20,387

 
24,518

 
20,878

 
24,831

 
28,701

 
31,942

Loss from operations
(3,978
)
 
(5,371
)
 
(5,856
)
 
(12,850
)
 
(6,051
)
 
(6,906
)
 
(9,275
)
 
(3,271
)
 
(4,156
)
 
(10,098
)
 
(12,559
)
Interest expense
(331
)
 
(473
)
 
(438
)
 
(279
)
 
(10
)
 
(94
)
 
(255
)
 
(7
)
 
(265
)
 
(316
)
 
(700
)
Other income and (expense), net
(27
)
 
(67
)
 
(57
)
 
(710
)
 
34

 
(23
)
 
59

 
34

 
3

 
(157
)
 
(106
)
Net loss
$
(4,336
)
 
$
(5,911
)
 
$
(6,351
)
 
$
(13,839
)
 
$
(6,027
)
 
$
(7,023
)
 
$
(9,471
)
 
$
(3,244
)
 
$
(4,418
)
 
$
(10,571
)
 
$
(13,365
)



58



(1) Equity-based compensation expense included in these line items was as follows:
 
Three months ended
 
 
 
Mar 31,
2012
 
Jun 30,
2012
 
Sept 30, 2012
 
Dec 31,
2012
 
Mar 31,
2013
 
Jun 30,
2013
 
Sept 30, 2013
 
Dec 31,
2013
 
Mar 31,
2014
 
Jun 30,
2014
 
Sept 30, 2014
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
17

 
$
17

 
$
18

 
$
28

 
$
75

 
$
41

 
$
43

 
$
41

 
$
230

 
$
85

 
$
88

Professional services
17

 
24

 
27

 
76

 
65

 
41

 
33

 
32

 
170

 
47

 
47

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
55

 
42

 
44

 
53

 
252

 
183

 
192

 
135

 
765

 
337

 
341

Sales and marketing
109

 
72

 
83

 
29

 
198

 
177

 
169

 
255

 
350

 
251

 
288

General and administrative
419

 
196

 
157

 
6,646

 
266

 
364

 
551

 
257

 
441

 
1,450

 
649

Total equity-based compensation expense
$
617

 
$
351

 
$
329

 
$
6,832

 
$
856

 
$
806

 
$
988

 
$
720

 
$
1,956

 
$
2,170

 
$
1,413




59




 
 
 
Three months ended
 
 
 
Mar 31,
2012
 
Jun 30,
2012
 
Sept 30, 2012
 
Dec 31,
2012
 
Mar 31,
2013
 
Jun 30,
2013
 
Sept 30, 2013
 
Dec 31,
2013
 
Mar 31,
2014
 
Jun 30,
2014
 
Sept 30, 2014
 
 
 
(as a percentage of revenue)
 
 
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
61.2
 %
 
66.6
 %
 
62.4
 %
 
69.9
 %
 
63.1
 %
 
80.1
 %
 
81.5
 %
 
81.2
 %
 
73.4
 %
 
82.9
 %
 
84.9
 %
Professional services
38.8

 
33.4

 
37.6

 
30.1

 
36.9

 
19.9

 
18.5

 
18.8

 
26.6

 
17.1

 
15.1

Total revenue
100.0

 
100.0

 
100.0

 
100.0

 
100.0

 
100.0

 
100.0

 
100.0

 
100.0

 
100.0

 
100.0

Cost of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subscription and support
19.1

 
18.1

 
16.4

 
17.1

 
15.9

 
17.8

 
18.6

 
16.1

 
16.6

 
19.0

 
19.3

Professional services
19.6

 
22.0

 
17.6

 
16.4

 
13.5

 
11.4

 
9.7

 
9.1

 
9.9

 
10.9

 
11.3

Total cost of revenue
38.8

 
40.0

 
34.0

 
33.4

 
29.4

 
29.1

 
28.3

 
25.3

 
26.5

 
29.8

 
30.6

Gross profit
61.2

 
60.0

 
66.0

 
66.6

 
70.6

 
70.9

 
71.7

 
74.7

 
73.5

 
70.2

 
69.4

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
31.8

 
35.4

 
34.0

 
36.2

 
38.0

 
42.7

 
41.3

 
31.9

 
36.3

 
40.6

 
40.0

Sales and marketing
53.1

 
56.4

 
55.4

 
45.4

 
43.3

 
49.6

 
55.2

 
41.8

 
37.0

 
48.1

 
58.1

General and administrative
20.6

 
16.5

 
14.3

 
59.2

 
17.7

 
14.8

 
18.9

 
14.9

 
14.9

 
19.6

 
16.3

Total operating expenses
105.5

 
108.3

 
103.7

 
140.9

 
99.0

 
107.1

 
115.3

 
88.6

 
88.3

 
108.2

 
114.4

Loss from operations
(44.2
)
 
(48.3
)
 
(37.7
)
 
(74.3
)
 
(28.4
)
 
(36.3
)
 
(43.6
)
 
(13.9
)
 
(14.8
)
 
(38.1
)
 
(45.0
)
Interest expense
(3.7
)
 
(4.3
)
 
(2.8
)
 
(1.6
)
 

 
(0.5
)
 
(1.2
)
 

 
(0.9
)
 
(1.2
)
 
(2.5
)
Other income and (expense), net
(0.3
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(4.1
)
 
0.2

 
(0.1
)
 
0.3

 
0.1

 

 
(0.6
)
 
(0.4
)
Net loss
(48.2
)%
 
(53.2
)%
 
(40.9
)%
 
(80.0
)%
 
(28.3
)%
 
(36.9
)%
 
(44.6
)%
 
(13.8
)%
 
(15.7
)%
 
(39.9
)%
 
(47.9
)%
Quarterly Revenue Trends
The sequential increases in our quarterly subscription and support revenue have resulted primarily from increases in the number of new customers, as well as increased subscription and support revenue from existing customers as they expanded their use of our platform.
Newly signed contracts, or bookings for new sales, are seasonal both within each quarter and in the calendar year. Approximately 50% of our bookings have occurred in the final month of each quarter, as customers have sought to spend amounts budgeted before the quarter end and because the compensation of our sales team is based in part on quarterly quotas. In the calendar year, the first quarter is typically our slowest for bookings because a high percentage of our customers’ reporting teams are focused on producing year-end reports.
While our bookings for new sales are seasonal, our revenue from subscriptions and support is not seasonal. However, our revenue from professional services is somewhat seasonal. Many of our customers employ our professional services just before they file their Form 10-K in the first calendar quarter. The final phase of the SEC’s detailed XBRL tagging mandate increased demand for our professional services for the three months ended September 30, 2012. As of September 30, 2014 , approximately 76% of our SEC


60



customers report their financials on a calendar-year basis. As our non-SEC offerings grow, we expect our professional services revenue to become less seasonal.
Quarterly Costs and Expenses Trends
Total costs and expenses generally increased sequentially for the periods presented, due primarily to the addition of personnel in connection with the expansion of our business. Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate due to various factors affecting our performance. One-time grants of immediately vested appreciation units to two managing directors significantly increased general and administrative expenses in the three months ended December 31, 2012.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
Cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities
$
(5,406
)
 
$
(8,932
)
 
$
(11,801
)
 
$
1,296

Cash flow used in investing activities
(10,925
)
 
(9,432
)
 
(8,871
)
 
(3,417
)
Cash flow provided by financing activities
31,282

 
8,850

 
8,839

 
6,859

Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents, net of impact on exchange rates
$
14,950

 
$
(9,464
)
 
$
(11,845
)
 
$
4,760

As of September 30, 2014 , we had cash and cash equivalents of $20.3 million . To date, we have financed our operations primarily through private placements of preferred units, debt that was settled in preferred units and cash from operating activities. We have generated significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities as reflected in our members’ deficit and consolidated statements of cash flows. We expect to continue to incur operating losses and negative cash flows from operations in the future and may require additional capital resources to continue to grow our business. For the fourth quarter of 2014, we expect our capital expenditures will total approximately $2.5 million, consisting of approximately $1.4 million of construction and leasehold improvements to our offices and approximately $1.1 million of furniture and fixtures. We believe that current cash and cash equivalents, cash to be received from existing and new customers, availability under our credit facility and net proceeds of this offering will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months. In the event that we do not complete this offering, we believe we have sufficient liquidity to conduct planned operations for at least the next six months. Because our planned operations contemplate the proceeds from the offering, we may need to raise additional funds through debt or equity financings. We may not be able to timely secure such additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, or at all. If we do not complete this offering and are unable to obtain adequate financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to pursue our planned business objectives may be limited.
In October 2013, we received a grant from the Iowa Economic Development Authority (IEDA) in the form of forgivable loans up to $2.5 million and non-interest bearing loans up to $2.5 million available to us based on qualified job growth. As of September 30, 2014 , total financing provided by IEDA consisted of a forgivable loan of $1.0 million in addition to a non-interest bearing loan of $1.0 million. The non-interest bearing loan is payable in 60 monthly payments of $16,667 beginning July 1, 2014. In the event of default, both loans bear interest at 6%. Under the terms of the agreement, we must complete and maintain the project performance obligation, including the creation of 700 qualified jobs by October 31, 2018 and the maintenance of those jobs through October 31, 2020. In the event that the performance obligation is not met while the


61



loan is outstanding, we must repay $3,571 of the forgivable loan per job not created and maintained. The financing is secured by a letter of credit issued pursuant to our credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank described below. Under the terms of the contract, we must repay the outstanding balance of the loans upon the occurrence of any of the following events: we complete an initial public offering, move our headquarters operations out of the State of Iowa, or sell 50.1% or more of our assets or take any action that would result in a transfer of a controlling interest in the business.
In July 2014, we issued a subordinated promissory note totaling $5.0 million with a 7% coupon rate and maturing January 31, 2016. The note contains an option to convert outstanding principal and paid-in-kind interest into our Class A common stock upon successful completion of an initial public offering at a 10% discount to the offering price. Shares that the holder would receive upon electing to convert are subject to a lock-up agreement for 180 days after the consummation of this offering. If the holder does not elect to convert prior to the consummation of this offering, the holder loses the right to convert, and the coupon rate will adjust to 10%, payable monthly in arrears, for the remainder of the term. In the event that, prior to the consummation of our initial public offering, we experience a change of control of the company or we issue securities with an aggregate offering amount greater than $20 million in a private offering, we will be required to redeem the note for an amount equal to 110% of the aggregate of the outstanding principal amount and accrued interest on the note. Certain of the embedded features of the note have been bifurcated and are accounted for as a compound derivative.
In August 2014, we entered into a $15.0 million credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank, which was subsequently amended effective as of September 30, 2014. Borrowing capacity is equal to the most recent month’s subscription and support revenue multiplied by a percentage that adjusts based on the prior quarter’s customer retention rate. The credit facility can be used to fund working capital and general business requirements and matures in August 2016. The credit facility is secured by all of our assets, has first priority over our other debt obligations, and requires us to maintain certain financial covenants, including the maintenance of at least $5.0 million of cash on hand or unused borrowing capacity. The credit facility contains certain restrictive covenants that limit our ability to transfer or dispose of assets, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness and liens, experience changes in management and enter into new businesses. Amounts borrowed under the credit facility accrue interest at a variable interest rate of prime plus 1.0%, with interest payable monthly and the principal balance due at maturity. In connection with the credit facility, at September 30, 2014 the following letters of credit issued by the bank were outstanding: (i) in the amount of $2.3 million as security against a February 2011 forgivable loan, with fulfilled job growth requirements, that will continue in a maintenance period through February 2016; and (ii) in the amount of $2.0 million as security against the December 2013 IEDA non-interest bearing loan and forgivable loan. These letters of credit do not reduce availability under the credit facility.
Operating Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , cash provided by operating activities was $1.3 million . The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during this period were our net loss of $28.4 million , partially offset by non-cash charges of $2.8 million for depreciation and amortization of our property and equipment and intangible assets and $5.5 million of equity-based compensation. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $2.6 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $15.5 million increase in deferred revenue and a $3.6 million increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities partially offset by a $0.9 million increase in prepaid expenses and other. The decrease in accounts receivable was attributable primarily to the timing of our billings and cash collections. The increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities was attributable primarily to the timing of our cash payments, and the increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets was attributable primarily to purchasing additional subscriptions to cloud-based software to support business growth. The increase in deferred revenue was due


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to an increase in annual and multi-year contracts. Following the completion of this offering, we plan to reduce incentives for annual and multi-year contracts, which we expect will result in a decrease in cash flow from operations.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , cash used in operating activities was $11.8 million . The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during this period were our net loss of $22.5 million , adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.6 million for depreciation and amortization of our property and equipment and intangible assets and $2.7 million of equity-based compensation. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $2.2 million increase in accrued expenses and other, and a $6.2 million increase in deferred revenue, partially offset by a $2.1 million increase in accounts receivable. The increase in accounts receivable and corresponding increase in deferred revenue were attributable primarily to the timing of the start dates of our customer contracts. Unpaid invoice amounts for services starting in future periods are excluded from accounts receivable and deferred revenue. The increase in accrued expenses and other was attributable primarily to the timing of our cash payments.
For the year ended December 31, 2013 , cash used in operating activities was $8.9 million . The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $25.8 million , adjusted for non-cash charges of $2.4 million for depreciation and amortization of our property and equipment and intangible assets and $3.4 million of equity-based compensation, partially offset by $2.3 million recognized as part of a forgivable loan. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $18.2 million increase in deferred revenue, a $2.5 million increase in accrued expenses and other and a $1.6 million increase in accounts payable, partially offset by a $8.6 million increase in accounts receivable. The increase in accounts receivable and corresponding increase in deferred revenue were attributable primarily to overall increases in the average length of our customer contracts. The increase in accounts payable was attributable primarily to the timing of our cash payments.
For the year ended December 31, 2012 , cash used in operating activities was $5.4 million . The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during this period were our net loss of $30.4 million , adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.0 million for depreciation and amortization of our property and equipment and intangible assets, $8.1 million of equity-based compensation and $4.2 million of loss recognized on share settlement of convertible debt partially offset by $3.3 million relating to the change in fair value of the convertible debt derivative. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $8.7 million increase in deferred revenue and a $5.0 million increase in accrued expenses and other, partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in accounts receivable and a $1.0 million increase in prepaid expenses and other. The decrease in accounts receivable was due primarily to timing of customer payments. Unpaid invoice amounts for services starting in future periods are excluded from accounts receivable and deferred revenue. The increase in deferred revenue was attributable primarily to increased growth in customer and deal size. The increase in accrued expenses was attributable primarily to the timing of our cash payments. The increase in prepaid expenses and other was attributable primarily to purchasing additional subscriptions to software to support business growth.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities of $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was due primarily to $8.0 million of capital expenditures partially offset by proceeds of $4.9 million from the sale of marketable securities. Our capital expenditures were associated primarily with leasehold improvements, building costs under our build-to-suit lease arrangement, computer equipment, and furniture and fixtures in support of expanding our infrastructure and work force.
Cash used in investing activities of $8.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was due primarily to $8.7 million of capital expenditures. Our capital expenditures were associated primarily


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with building costs under our build-to-suit lease arrangement, computer equipment, and furniture and fixtures in support of expanding our infrastructure and work force.
Cash used in investing activities of $9.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 was due primarily to $9.5 million of capital expenditures and $0.9 million for the purchase of marketable securities partially offset by proceeds of $1.2 million from the sale of marketable securities. Our capital expenditures were associated primarily with leasehold improvements, building costs under our build-to-suit lease arrangement, computer equipment, and furniture and fixtures in support of expanding our infrastructure and work force.
Cash used in investing activities of $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 was due to $5.7 million of capital expenditures and $5.2 million for the purchase of marketable securities. Our capital expenditures were associated primarily with computer equipment, and furniture and fixtures in support of expanding our infrastructure and work force.
Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities of $6.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was due primarily to $2.0 million in proceeds from a government grant awarded in December 2013, $5.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of a convertible note, and $3.0 million in borrowings on our line of credit partially offset by $3.0 million in payments on long-term debt, capital lease and financing obligations and a line of credit.
Cash provided by financing activities of $8.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was due primarily to proceeds of $7.2 million relating to our Series C preferred financing and proceeds from borrowings on a line of credit of $2.0 million partially offset by $0.4 million in payments on long-term debt and capital lease obligations.
Cash provided by financing activities of $8.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 was due primarily to proceeds of $7.2 million relating to our Series C preferred financing partially offset by $0.5 million in payments on long-term debt and capital lease and financing obligations.
Cash provided by financing activities of $31.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 was due primarily to proceeds of $30.2 million relating to our Series C preferred financing and $2.5 million in proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes partially offset by $1.2 million in payments on long-term debt and long-term related-party debt.



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Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table represents our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2013 , aggregated by type:
 
 
 
 
Payments due by period
 
 
Total
 
Less than 1 year
 
1-3 years
 
3-5 years
 
More than 5 years
 
 
(in thousands)
Debt
 
$
3,283

 
$
2,287

 
$
496

 
$
400

 
$
100

Operating lease obligations relating to office facilities
 
17,442

 
2,193

 
4,003

 
3,841

 
7,405

Capital lease obligations, including interest for technology and equipment
 
1,667

 
704

 
866

 
97

 

Financing obligations, including interest for building
 
25,996

 
990

 
1,980

 
1,979

 
21,047

Total contractual obligations
 
$
48,388

 
$
6,174

 
$
7,345

 
$
6,317

 
$
28,552

We have entered into a lease agreement for land and an office building in Ames, Iowa, which was constructed in two phases. The lease term includes an initial 15-year term and three five-year extensions at our option because renewal was determined to be reasonably assured at the inception of the lease. As part of the lease agreement, the landlord was responsible for constructing the building in accordance with our specifications and agreed to fund $11.8 million for the first phase and $11.1 million for the second phase of construction. We were the developer of the project and responsible for construction costs in excess of these amounts. As a result of this involvement, we were required to capitalize the construction costs associated with the office building. The construction liability of $11.8 million was reclassified to a financing obligation and $17.1 million of costs capitalized during construction were placed in service during June 2013 for the first phase. Upon completion of the second phase of the project, the construction liability of $11.1 million was reclassified to a financing obligation, and $18.4 million of costs capitalized during construction were placed in service during June 2014.
The lease contains purchase options to acquire the landlord’s interest in the land lease and building at any time beginning three years from the commencement date of the lease. In addition, the lease requires upon certain events, such as a change in control, to purchase the building from the landlord. The purchase options were deemed to be fair value at the inception of the lease.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
During fiscal years 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , and the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As a result, we are not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in those types of relationships.


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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe that of our significant accounting policies, which are described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements, the following accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of our operations.
Under the JOBS Act, an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This provision allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of some accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. However, we are irrevocably choosing to “opt out” of such extended transition period, and as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption is required for non-emerging growth companies.
Revenue Recognition
We commence revenue recognition for subscriptions to our cloud solutions and professional services when all of the following criteria are met:
Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;
The service has been or is being provided to the customer;
Collection of the fees is reasonably assured; and
The amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable.
Collectability is assessed based on a number of factors, including past transaction history with the customer and the creditworthiness of the customer. Collateral is not requested from the customer. If it is determined that the collection of a fee is not probable, the revenue is recognized at the time the collection becomes probable, which is generally upon the receipt of cash.
Subscription and Support Revenue 
We recognize the aggregate minimum subscription and support fees ratably on a straight-line basis over the subscription term, provided that an enforceable contract has been signed by both parties, access to our SaaS solutions has been granted to the customer, the fee for the subscription and support is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured.
Professional Services Revenue 
Our professional services are not required for customers to utilize our solution. Our pricing for professional services has been predominantly on a fixed-fee basis, and we recognize revenue after the services have been performed. Document set up services are typically completed in less than two weeks. XBRL tagging services are offered for each filing document and revenue is recognized upon a successful submission to the SEC.
Our professional services revenue is higher in the first calendar quarter because m any of our customers employ our professional services just before they file their Form 10-K. As of September 30, 2014 , approximately 76% of our SEC customers report their financials on a calendar year basis.


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Multiple Deliverable Arrangements 
For arrangements with multiple deliverables, we evaluate whether the individual deliverables qualify as separate units of accounting. In order to treat deliverables in a multiple deliverable arrangement as separate units of accounting, the deliverables must have standalone value upon delivery. For deliverables that have standalone value upon delivery, we account for each deliverable separately and recognize revenue for the respective deliverables as they are delivered.
Subscription contracts have standalone value as we sell the subscriptions separately. In determining whether professional services can be accounted for separately from subscription services, we consider the availability of the professional services from other vendors, the nature of our professional services and whether we sell our solutions to new customers without professional services. We have determined that we have established standalone value for the professional services related to document set up and XBRL tagging. This determination was made due primarily to the ability of the customer to complete these tasks without assistance and the sale of XBRL services separate from the initial subscription order. Because we established standalone value for our professional services, such service arrangements are being accounted for separately from subscription services. 
When multiple deliverables included in an arrangement are separable into different units of accounting, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the identified separate units of accounting based on their relative selling price. Multiple deliverable arrangements accounting guidance provides a hierarchy to use when determining the relative selling price for each unit of accounting. Vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) of selling price, based on the price at which the item is regularly sold by the vendor on a standalone basis, should be used if it exists. If VSOE of selling price is not available, third-party evidence (TPE) of selling price is used to establish the selling price if it exists. VSOE and TPE do not currently exist for any of our deliverables. Accordingly, for arrangements with multiple deliverables that can be separated into different units of accounting, we allocate the arrangement fee to the separate units of accounting based on our best estimate of selling price. The amount of arrangement fee allocated is limited by contingent revenue, if any. 
We determine our best estimate of selling price for our deliverables based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and entity-specific factors. We evaluate our best estimate of selling price by reviewing historical data related to sales of our deliverables, including comparing the percentages of our contract prices to our list prices. We also may consider several other data points in our evaluation, including the size of our arrangements, length of term, the cloud solutions sold, customer demographics and the numbers and types of users within our arrangements. 
While changes in assumptions or judgments or changes to the elements of the arrangement could cause an increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that we report in a particular period, these changes have not historically been significant because our recurring revenue is primarily subscription and support revenue.
Equity-Based Compensation
We measure and recognize compensation expense for all equity-based awards granted to our employees and other service providers, including options to purchase common units, and restricted share participation and appreciation units, based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date or reporting date, if required to be remeasured under the guidance. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of these awards, and the fair value is recognized as an expense, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight line basis over the requisite service period.
Our option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying common unit, the expected term of the equity-based award, the expected volatility


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of the price of our common unit, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of our common units. The assumptions used in our option-pricing model represent management’s best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. If factors change and different assumptions are used, our equity-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.
These assumptions are estimated as follows:
Fair Value of Our Common Units: As our common units are not publicly traded, we must estimate the fair value of our common units, as discussed in the section “Common Unit Valuations” below.
Risk-Free Interest Rate: We base the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury STRIPS with remaining terms similar to the expected term on the options.
Expected Term: We estimate the expected term using the simplified method due to the lack of historical exercise activity for our company. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the mid-point between the vesting date and the contractual expiration date of the award.
Volatility: We determine the price volatility factor based on the historical volatilities of our comparable companies as we do not have a trading history for our common units. To determine our comparable companies, we consider public enterprise cloud-based application providers and select those that are similar to us in size, stage of life cycle, and financial leverage. We intend to continue to apply this process using the same or similar public companies until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of our own common stock share price becomes available, or unless circumstances change such that the identified companies are no longer similar to us, in which case, more suitable companies whose share prices are publicly available would be utilized in the calculation.
Dividend yield: We have never declared or paid any cash dividends and do not presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, we used an expected dividend yield of zero.
The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of our participation and appreciation units and options granted during each of the periods indicated below:
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2013
 
2013
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
Expected term (in years)
6.1 - 10.0
 
6.1 - 10.0
 
6.1 - 10.0
 
5.0 - 10.0
Risk-free interest rate
0.75% - 1.78%
 
1.00% - 2.89%
 
1.00% - 2.48%
 
1.52% - 2.80%
Expected volatility
51.35% - 53.09%
 
51.09% - 53.84%
 
51.09% - 53.84%
 
45.84% - 52.50%
Expected dividend yield
—%
 
—%
 
—%
 
—%


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The following table summarizes, by grant date, all options awards since January 1, 2013:
Grant date
 
Number of common units underlying options granted
 
Exercise price per share for options granted
 
Deemed fair value of common unit per share at time of grant
February 20, 2013
 
220,200

 
$
3.36

 
$
3.36

May 8, 2013
 
265,200

 
3.36

 
4.17

July 17, 2013
 
45,100

 
3.36

 
5.01

September 27, 2013
 
44,200

 
3.36

 
5.87

January 14, 2014
 
2,415,300

 
6.28

 
6.28

February 25, 2014
 
357,700

 
6.28

 
6.28

March 27, 2014
 
51,760

 
6.28

 
6.28

April 2, 2014
 
260,000

 
6.28

 
6.28

April 7, 2014
 
440,000

 
6.28

 
6.28

May 1, 2014
 
125,400

 
6.28

 
6.28

May 31, 2014
 
197,600

 
6.28

 
6.28

June 6, 2014
 
20,000

 
6.28

 
6.28

August 12, 2014
 
3,053,400

 
6.27

 
6.27

September 25, 2014
 
25,200

 
6.27

 
6.27

September 26, 2014
 
38,400

 
6.27

 
6.27

Based on the assumed initial public offering price per share of $ , which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, the aggregate intrinsic value of our outstanding equity awards as of September 30, 2014 was $ , of which $ related to vested awards and $ related to unvested awards.
Common Unit Valuations
The fair values of the common units underlying our equity-based awards were determined by our board of directors, with input from management and contemporaneous third-party valuations. We believe that our board of directors has the relevant experience and expertise to determine the fair value of our common units. If awards were granted a short period of time preceding the date of a valuation report, we retrospectively assessed the fair value used for financial reporting purposes after considering the fair value reflected in the subsequent valuation report and other facts and circumstances on the date of grant as discussed below. In such instances, the fair value that we used for financial reporting purposes generally exceeded the exercise price for those awards, although we believe that relying on the preceding valuation report was appropriate for tax purposes.
Given the absence of a public trading market for our common units, and in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Guide,  Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation , our board of directors exercised reasonable judgment and considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the best estimate of the fair value of our common unit including:
contemporaneous independent valuations performed at periodic intervals by an unrelated third-party valuation specialist;
the nature of our business and its history since inception;


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the prices, rights, preferences, and privileges of our preferred units relative to those of our common units;
our stage of development;
our operating and financial performance and forecast;
present value of estimated future cash flows;
the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event for the shares of common units underlying these options to purchase common units, such as an initial public offering or sale of our company, given prevailing market condition and the nature and history of our business;
any adjustment necessary to recognize a lack of marketability for our common units;
the market performance of comparable publicly traded companies; and
the U.S. and global capital market conditions.
In valuing our common units, our board of directors determined the equity value of our business generally using the income approach and the market comparable approach valuation methods. When applicable due to a recent preferred share offering, the prior sale of company unit approach was also utilized.
The income approach estimates value based on the expectation of future cash flows that a company will generate—such as cash earnings, cost savings, tax deductions, and the proceeds from disposition. These future cash flows are discounted to their present values using a discount rate derived from an analysis of the cost of capital of comparable publicly traded companies in our industry or similar lines of business as of each valuation date and is adjusted to reflect the risks inherent in our cash flows.
The market comparable approach estimates value based on a comparison of the subject company to comparable public companies in a similar line of business. To determine our peer group of companies, we considered public enterprise cloud-based application providers and selected those that are similar to us in size, stage of life cycle, and financial leverage. From the comparable companies, a representative market value multiple is determined and applied to the subject company’s operating results to estimate the value of the subject company. The market value multiple was determined based on consideration of multiples of revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) to each of the comparable companies’ last twelve-month revenue and the forecasted future twelve-month revenue. In addition, the market approach considers merger and acquisition transactions involving companies similar to the subject company’s business being valued. Multiples of revenue or EBITDA are calculated for these transactions and then applied to the business being valued, after reduction by an appropriate discount.
The prior sale of company stock approach estimates value by considering any prior arm’s-length sales of the company’s equity. When considering prior sales of the company’s equity, the valuation considers the size of the equity sale, the relationship of the parties involved in the transaction, the timing of the equity sale, and the financial condition of the company at the time of the sale.
Once we determined an equity value, we utilized the option pricing method (OPM), to allocate the equity value to each of our classes of units. This method is generally preferred when future outcomes are difficult to predict and dissolution or liquidation is not imminent. The OPM values each equity class by creating a series of call options on our equity value, with exercise prices based on the liquidation preferences, participation rights, and strike prices of derivatives. We performed this OPM analysis under two liquidity scenarios, a sale event and an initial public offering event, and applied an appropriate weighting to each scenario to determine the final fair market value of our common unit. The estimated value using this method is then discounted by a non-marketability factor due to the fact that stockholders of private companies do


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not have access to trading markets similar to those enjoyed by stockholders of public companies, which impacts liquidity.
The following discussion relates primarily to our determination of the fair value per share of our common units for purposes of calculating equity-based compensation expenses for grants since January 1, 2013. No single event caused the valuation of our common units to increase or decrease through September 30, 2014. For financial reporting purposes, we considered the amount of time between the valuation date and the grant date to determine whether to use the latest common unit valuation or a straight-line calculation between the two valuation dates. This determination included an evaluation of whether the subsequent valuation indicated that any significant change in valuation had occurred between the previous valuation and the grant date. Notwithstanding the fair value reassessments described below, we believe we applied a reasonable valuation method to determine the deemed fair value of the awards on the respective grant dates.
February 20, 2013 Valuation
On February 20, 2013, our board of directors awarded options to purchase common units at an exercise price of $3.36 per unit, which it determined to be not less than the fair value of our common units. The principal factor influencing our estimate of the fair value of our common units as of February 20, 2013 was the fact that between October 2012 and February 2013 we issued Series C preferred units at a price of $5 per unit. Contemporaneously with the Series C round of financing, we had a valuation performed as of October 31, 2012 by an independent third-party valuation specialist. The valuation assigned a 50% weighting to the prior sale of company equity approach, a 25% weighting to the market comparable approach, and a 25% weighting to the income approach. The market comparable approach took into consideration the peer group revenue multiples. The blended revenue multiple selected was 7.12x, which was the median of the peer group revenue multiples. The income approach took into consideration the forecast of our expected future financial performance and then discounted it to a present value using a discount rate that reflected our then-current cost of capital. The discount rate applied to our cash flows was 42%. Our enterprise value reflected a non-marketability discount of 29%. A marketability discount was applied to reflect the fact that private company common stock is not directly comparable to the value of publicly traded shares due to the fact that stockholders of private company common stock do not have access to the same type of trading markets that stockholders of publicly traded companies possess. Based on the available information, our board of directors determined the value to be $3.36 per common unit. Because preferred units were issued at the same per unit price between October 2012 and February 2013, the board of directors determined that the common unit value had not substantially changed during this time period.
October 31, 2013 Valuation
An independent contemporaneous valuation of our common units was performed as of October 31, 2013. The valuation used an equal weighting of the market comparable approach (25% for comparable companies trading statistics and 25% for comparable merger and acquisition transactions) and the income approach. The discount rate applied to our cash flows was 34%, and our enterprise value reflected a non-marketability discount of 21%. Based on the valuation and other available information, our board of directors determined that the fair value of our common unit was $6.28 per unit.
For financial reporting purposes, we applied a straight-line calculation using the valuations of $3.36 per unit as of February 28, 2013 and $6.28 per unit as of October 31, 2013 to retrospectively determine the fair value of our common units for equity-based awards granted in May 2013, July 2013 and September 2013. There was no single event identified during the interim period between February 2013 and October 2013 that resulted in the increase in fair value but rather a series of events related to our continued growth, enhancements to our solutions, an increase in the number of customers and the hiring of additional employees.


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Upon review of market conditions and given the proximity between the valuation date and the final value, we determined the valuation did not substantially change between October 31, 2013 and December 31, 2013.
June 30, 2014 Valuation
An independent contemporaneous valuation of our common units was performed as of June 30, 2014. The valuation used an equal weighting of the market comparable approach (30% for comparable company trading statistics and 20% for comparable merger and acquisition transactions) and the income approach. The discount rate applied to our cash flows was 27.9% and our enterprise value reflected a non-marketability discount of 18% for a one year period and 15% for a six month period. Based on the valuation and other available information, our board of directors determined that the fair value of our common unit was $6.27 per unit.
September 30, 2014 Valuation
To determine the fair value of our common units as of September 30, 2014, management considered the prior valuation assessment in June 2014, our operating and financial performance and forecast, the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event for our common units, any adjustment necessary to recognize a lack of marketability for our common units, prevailing market conditions, and the market performance of comparable publicly traded companies. While there can be no certainty of our estimate given the lack of a public market for our units at the time of the reassessment, we believe that the available information supports our conclusion that the estimated per-unit value of the underlying common units for options granted in the third quarter of 2014 was $6.27 per unit for financial reporting purposes.
Common Stock Value Determinations Following this Offering
Following this offering, we will establish a policy of using the closing sale price per share of our common stock as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant for purposes of determining the exercise price per share of our options to purchase common stock.


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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk    
Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in foreign currency rates, although we also have some exposure due to potential changes in inflation or interest rates. We do not hold financial instruments for trading purposes.
Foreign Currency Risk
Our sales contracts are denominated predominantly in U.S. dollars and, to a lesser extent, Canadian dollars. Consequently, our customer billings denominated in foreign currency are subject to foreign currency exchange risk. A portion of our operating expenses are incurred outside the United States and are denominated in foreign currencies, which are also subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Canadian dollar, Euro, and British pound. Additionally, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize transaction gains and losses in our statement of operations. To date, we have not entered into derivatives or hedging transactions as our exposure to foreign currency exchange rates has not been material to our historical operating results, but we may do so in the future if our exposure to foreign currency should become more significant. Realized foreign currency transaction losses are included in net loss and were $32,000 and $108,000 in the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 , respectively, and $36,000 and $86,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 , respectively.
Inflation Risk
Inflationary factors, such as increases in our operating expenses, may adversely affect our results of operations, as our customers typically purchase services from us on a subscription basis over a period of time. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, an increase in the rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our levels of operating expenses as a percentage of revenue if we are unable to increase the prices for our subscription-based solutions to keep pace with these increased expenses.
Interest Rate Risk
As part of our build-to-suit lease arrangement, in addition to the base rent amount, we are responsible for the underlying mortgage held by the lessor, which is subject to a variable interest rate equal to the prime lending rate plus 1%. In addition, in August 2014, we entered into a $15.0 million credit facility. The credit facility is denominated in U.S. dollars and borrowings are subject to a variable interest rate equal to the prime lending rate plus 1.0%. A hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in interest rates after September 30, 2014 would not have a material impact on our results of operations, our cash flows or the fair values of our outstanding debt or financing obligations.


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BUSINESS
Overview
Workiva has pioneered a cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform for enterprises to collaboratively collect, manage, report and analyze critical business data in real time. Our secure software platform, Wdesk, allows users to integrate and control all of their business data, regardless of format or location, with innovative live-linking technology. Our proprietary, integrated word processing, spreadsheet and presentation applications, built upon our data engine, allow thousands of users to collaborate simultaneously on data-linked reports and documents. Wdesk empowers our customers to dynamically define their business processes and optimize workflows so that critical data can be reported and analyzed more efficiently. Our customers can gain insights based on their trusted data, which enables better real-time decision-making. Additionally, our customers deploy our solutions to serve as a single system of record for critical data, to reduce risk and operational costs, and to increase efficiency in business reporting. As of September 30, 2014 , we provided our solutions to more than 2,100 enterprise customers, including over 60% of both the Fortune 500 and Fortune 100.
Enterprises struggle to manage, report, analyze and understand their ever-expanding volume of data. Executives need to leverage this data to make real-time decisions to improve performance and reduce risk. In addition, many businesses are required to report an increasing amount of disparate information to a variety of regulators, further straining their ability to produce meaningful and consistent data and reports on a timely basis. The explosion of data within enterprises has rendered existing processes and legacy technologies inefficient at helping users find, understand and report the most critical and relevant information on a timely basis. To create business reports, many organizations rely on manual processes, large teams and a variety of point solutions, such as business productivity, email and general-purpose collaboration software. Exacerbating these challenges is the continued growth in size and complexity of many enterprises, which results in employees and data spread around the world. The stakes for enterprises are high; reporting incorrect, incomplete or untimely information exposes organizations to potential liability, reputational risk and a weakened competitive position.
Workiva empowers organizations to address these challenges by providing a cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform that we believe is fundamentally changing the way people work. Our Wdesk product platform allows multiple users to simultaneously create, review and publish data-linked documents and reports with greater control, accuracy and productivity than ever before. We offer our customers solutions for compliance, risk, sustainability and management reporting, as well as enterprise risk management. Underlying these solutions is our scalable, enterprise-grade data engine that collects, aggregates and manages our customers’ unstructured and structured data. Wdesk allows users to work anytime from anywhere with an internet connection, enabling them to:
Create trusted datasets that are linked and aggregated throughout Wdesk documents, spreadsheets, presentations and reports.
Control access to datasets, reports and workflows throughout the organization and beyond.
Collaborate among thousands of users working in real time in a cloud-based workspace.
Present critical data and reports to internal and external constituents.
Decide with confidence based on trusted data and reports, enabling better and faster decision-making.
Wdesk allows users to define, automate and change their business processes in real time for what they need, when they need it, with little or no involvement from IT personnel. Our proprietary data engine includes live-linking technology that enables users to automatically propagate any changes to data, including numbers, text, charts and graphics, across every instance in which that data appears in the Wdesk workspace.
Live-linking allows customers to use trusted data to more quickly and accurately produce and update business reports. Wdesk provides accountability and transparency through a detailed audit trail that tracks every change made by any user over time. Control is robust, with customized permissions for each user to read, write and edit specific sections of documents.
In March 2013, we launched our Wdesk platform, under which we currently offer solutions for compliance, risk, sustainability and management reporting, as well as enterprise risk management. We developed these solutions to address our customers’ immediate challenges. Our first solution was focused on SEC reporting. SEC filings, such as Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and proxy statements, are lengthy and complex documents that require significant collaboration across multiple business functions and external constituents, including auditors and lawyers. Our SEC solution enables customers to automate and improve their regulatory filing process. We have continued to add solutions to the Wdesk platform over time by identifying markets where Wdesk can address a wide range of critical business challenges for our customers. We employ a rigorous process to validate and prioritize new solution areas based on the number of customers that could benefit from a new solution and our assessment of Wdesk’s ability to address that challenge.
Our technology is enterprise grade and developed to perform at scale. Wdesk utilizes the Google Cloud Platform, which enables us to scale our compute and storage capacity on an as-needed basis. We can deploy incremental changes to our customers on a daily basis by employing a continuous delivery process supported by Agile software development methodologies and a proprietary quality assurance process. As a result, all of our customers operate on the latest version of our platform, and upgrades are applied with minimal disruption to ongoing operations. In addition, in order to keep our customers’ data secure, we have developed advanced data security protocols that augment the standard security of the Google Cloud Platform. Our architecture has proven scalability for global enterprises, as well as advantages in reliability and cloud delivery.
Our “land-and-expand” sales strategy focuses on acquiring new customers and growing our existing customer relationships. We seek to “land” new customers by using a direct-sales model. Our customer success and professional services teams help our account managers “expand” our existing customer relationships by providing advice and best practices that enable users to harness the full power of Wdesk. We believe our sales strategy positions us to build relationships over time as we add new users and solutions and expand to additional markets and geographies.
Many of the largest and most demanding enterprises in the world are our customers. Our customers span a variety of industries and include Philip Morris International Inc., Kinder Morgan, Inc., Viacom Inc., JPMorgan Chase & Co., Eli Lilly and Company, The Boeing Company, Tyco International Ltd., CenturyLink, Inc., Avis Budget Group, Inc., Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., and AR Capital, LLC. We have a broadly diversified customer base; our largest customer represented less than 2.0% of total revenue in 2013. We believe that we have exceptional customer satisfaction, as evidenced by our subscription and support revenue retention rate of 97.3% (excluding add-on seats) for the twelve months ended September 30, 2014 , and Net Promoter Score (NPS) of 70 for the Wdesk platform as of January 2014. We survey our customers to determine how likely a customer is to refer others to us and calculate our NPS by taking the percentage of customers who are promoters and subtracting the percentage who are detractors.
We have experienced high revenue growth since the release of our first solution in March 2010. Our revenue increased from $14.9 million in 2011 to $ 52.9 million in 2012 and $85.2 million in 2013 , representing a 139% compound annual growth rate. We incurred a net loss of $13.6 million in 2011, $30.4 million in 2012 and $25.8 million in 2013. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 , our revenue grew 34.1% from $61.6 million to $82.6 million . We incurred a net loss of $22.5 million and $28.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 , respectively. Approximately 77% of our revenue in 2013 was derived from subscription and support fees, with the remainder from professional services.


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Our Industry
Key Industry Trends are Driving a Fundamental Shift in How Enterprises Collect, Manage, Report and Analyze Critical Data.
Explosion of Data. According to IDC, the data universe will double every two years from 2013 to 2020. Data is often spread across hundreds of different sources and stored in conflicting formats.While many enterprises maintain data in a structured enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, I DC estimates that more than 90% of the data created in the next decade will be “unstructured” data, which is defined as unorganized data that resides far outside the realms of ERP. This massive increase in the amount of data available to enterprises has complicated the decision-making process.
Increasing Regulatory Requirements. Legislation, such as the Dodd-Frank Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, has driven new reporting mandates. Governmental agencies charged with implementing these legislative mandates and others, such as the SEC, the Canadian Securities Administrators, the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, continue to issue regulations that implement new and increase existing reporting requirements. Regulators are also implementing new, industry-specific reporting requirements. For example, in recent years financial institutions have been required to produce reports for comprehensive capital analysis and review (CCAR), stress testing and resolution and recovery plans (RRP).
Regulators are also demanding greater standardization and structure in the data that companies report. For example, the SEC requires that public companies include “interactive data” in filed annual and quarterly reports so that an investor can immediately extract specific information and compare it to performance in past years, information from other companiesand industry averages. The SEC implemented its interactive data mandate by requiring companies to tag the financial data in their filings using XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language), which is a royalty-free, international information format designed specifically for business information. XBRL provides a unique, electronically readable tag for each individual disclosure item within business reports. We expect the use of XBRL in the United States to continue to grow as the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014 (DATA Act) mandates a common format for data reported to the U.S. Department of Treasury and Office of Management and Budget (OMB). In addition, XBRL tagging of filings is now required by a number of regulatory agencies outside the United States, including the Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS), the United Kingdom’s HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC), and Companies House in Singapore. 
Increasing Management Oversight. Enterprises are under increasing pressure to report a growing amount of information to internal management teams, boards of directors and external constituents. We believe that data needs to be collected, reported and analyzed more rapidly than ever before. Management teams are increasingly focused on leveraging data to support critical decisions. At the same time, boards of directors are pressing organizations to improve transparency in order to better fulfill their fiduciary duties.
Structural Shifts in Workforce Organization . Market dynamics and the globalization of enterprises have forced companies to change the way their employees work. Organizations are becoming increasingly global, with employees geographically distributed to support strategic and business needs. Workforce flexibility initiatives have resulted in more employees working remotely. According to Forrester, employees working at home at least once a week rose from 18% in 2010 to 27% in 2012.
Consumerization of Enterprise IT. Technical advancements in the capability of smart phones and tablets have enabled the proliferation of mobile devices across the enterprise. According to IDC, the worldwide mobile worker population will be 1.3 billion by 2015, accounting for 37.2% of the workforce. Enterprise cloud-based solutions are becoming increasingly common and are enabling employees to work from anywhere with an internet connection, often from a mobile device. The rapid advancement of consumer


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applications, particularly social media, have raised expectations for enterprise technology, as employees expect their workplace technology to achieve the same level of functionality, performance and ease of use as the consumer technology that permeates their daily lives.
Existing Business Processes and Solutions Are Insufficient for the Requirements of Modern Enterprises.
For many enterprises, compiling, reporting and analyzing critical data has been manual, iterative and error-prone. Large enterprises often employ hundreds or even thousands of people to manually collect data and to create and update rolling versions of draft documents and underlying spreadsheets using legacy business productivity software and niche point solutions.  Modern enterprises require a level of real-time collaboration, security and control that we believe business productivity software and point solutions do not deliver. Shortcomings of existing business processes and solutions include the following: 
Access to resources is restricted. Traditional solutions require employees to be physically present at, or remotely logged into, a machine with the required technology and access permissions. Enterprise remote networks are plagued by connection and performance challenges. These impediments restrict productivity as employees attempt to complete work at home and while traveling and often lead to unapproved workarounds that may expose sensitive data.
Collaboration is inefficient and risky. Traditional office software requires one person to work on one version of a presentation or report at one time. This rigidity creates versioning challenges as concurrent versions lead to a tedious and time-consuming reconciliation process. Collaboration requires opening and closing, saving and sending, and communicating outside the document rather than inside the document, all of which add time to document creation and risk to document integrity.
Workflows are rigid and serial. Workflows for presentation and report production operate as a series of dependent events, with workers being unable to advance sections they are responsible for while they wait for their turn in the document-production process. Any section completed out of order risks data integrity and has the potential to lengthen, rather than reduce, production timelines. Unanticipated events at any step in the workflow may slow down the entire process.
Dataset creation is highly manual. Traditional dataset creation relies on ad-hoc processes and loosely defined protocols to consolidate a patchwork of disparate data sources with different owners and storage locations across the enterprise . Enterprise databases are typically controlled by IT personnel, requiring additional resources and time to query, access and manipulate data . Compiling the same dataset in future periods often requires the same amount of time as the initial effort as enterprises are unable to leverage prior work to roll forward datasets.
Edits are error prone and lack audit trails. Traditional software does not provide for linking references to a single source, so when a change is made it does not flow throughout the document . The integrity of a group of related presentations and reports is at risk every time a number is edited, and worker productivity is lost in a cycle of implementing edits and reviewing for errors. Traditional solutions do not offer visibility into the lineage of changes to a document. Audit trails often consist of unsatisfactory solutions, such as tracked changes, which can be turned off, in-line comments, which are cumbersome to manage, and versioning, which leads to inefficient workflows and reconciliation.
Control is limited. Because multiple versions of a presentation or report may be stored in numerous locations across an enterprise, it is difficult to control who can review and edit, and even more difficult to adjust these roles as the creation process evolves .


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Our Market Opportunity
Our cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform enables enterprises to collaboratively collect, manage, report and analyze critical data in real time.  A 2014 independent study conducted by Frost & Sullivan, which was commissioned by us, estimated that the market for data collaboration and reporting software in 2014 will be $15.8 billion in North America and $10.6 billion in Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA).  The data collaboration and reporting software market addresses a portion of four defined software markets. According to Frost & Sullivan, the 2014 data collaboration and reporting software market in North America and EMEA represents the following portions of each of these software markets: $8.6 billion in governance, risk and compliance; $5.8 billion in corporate performance management; $6.5 billion in business intelligence and data analytics; and $5.5 billion in business productivity. 
We currently offer solutions for compliance, risk, sustainability and management reporting, as well as enterprise risk management. Based on our internal analysis and industry experience, we estimate that the addressable market opportunity for our existing five solutions is approximately $5.35 billion annually for the U.S., Canada and Europe.
     We believe that our Wdesk platform is flexible and extensible and has the potential to address a wide variety of additional business processes within the enterprise. Forrester estimates that information workers worldwide numbered 615 million in 2013 and are expected to reach 865 million by 2016. We believe that we have a substantial opportunity to offer our solution to enterprise information workers globally.
The Workiva Solution
We change the way enterprises and their employees work, enabling the redesign of risky and inefficient business processes through our cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform.
Widely Accessible Cloud-based Collaboration Platform. Our platform enables multiple users to draft, edit and comment within the same document, spreadsheet, presentation or report at the same time from


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any location with internet access. Our suite of intuitive applications provides users with an experience that builds on familiar business productivity applications. Users are able to edit, comment and respond, allowing collaboration in real time. Users are also empowered with a complete picture of progress in real time, helping managers to track completion and users to synchronize sections assigned to them with sections assigned to others.
Integrated Platform of Business Productivity Applications. We designed the Wdesk platform as an integrated suite of word processing, spreadsheet and presentation applications that enables users to leverage their structured and unstructured business data regardless of where it resides. Wdesk also provides a certification application that allows any Wdesk viewer to attest to the accuracy and completeness of reports. Users can create data collection and report certification workflows, assign and distribute them within their organization, and monitor the process with a real-time dashboard.
Trusted Ecosystem for Critical Business Data. Our platform captures a complete history of a document’s lineage, from the most granular edit to a spreadsheet cell formula to key document milestones. At the same time, Wdesk provides document owners the ability to manage document permissions down to a single section of a document. The ability to control access and user permissions with this level of granularity enables document owners to respond to evolutions in team composition and collaboration requirements. Ultimately, the robust audit and access control capabilities create transparency, accountability, integrity and confidence in the data creation and report generation workflows.
Enterprise Grade and Built for Scale. Our cloud platform allows enterprises to implement and rapidly scale users and solutions within hours, regardless of how large or complex. Our customers can access and deploy our service without the need to install and maintain costly infrastructure hardware and software necessary for on-premise deployments.
Secure Architecture. An independent auditor other than our independent registered public accounting firm conducts an annual examination of our security controls using the widely recognized SSAE 16 SOC 1 Type 2 standard. This standard is designed to determine whether a company has reliable and suitably designed controls and safeguards as a host and processor of customer information. To protect our customers’ data we use advanced encryption and security techniques such as sharding, which partitions data to multiple servers. Our platform undergoes regular security audits by our customers and independent security firms.
Ability to Dynamically Define and Change Business Processes. Wdesk frees users from the confines of traditional business processes by allowing them to dynamically define processes on-demand to support evolving business needs. Wdesk enables multiple users to work in concert, allowing teams to redefine workflows and business processes without the traditional challenges of data integrity, personnel limitations and legacy software limitations. Users can make progress on different sections at different paces, and redefine the workflow as needed to adapt to circumstances specific to the production of a single document or report. At the same time, managers gain an added level of insight into organizational dependencies, enabling them to reassign workflow and resources to further increase efficiency and reduce operational cost.
Benefits of Our Solution
The key benefits of using our software solutions are recognized by a wide range of decision-makers and other users across our customers’ organizational structures.
Benefits to Our Customers Who Are Decision-Makers
Reduce Risk. Managers rely on Wdesk to help them make better decisions. Through the use of linked data, decision-makers can trust that Wdesk presentations and reports are up to date and consistent, reducing the risk of making decisions based on incorrect data and reporting incorrect data externally. Wdesk ensures that presentations and reports are published using the correct business rules, formats and XBRL protocols.
Improve Data Transparency. Numbers, text, charts and graphics in presentations and reports can be intelligently linked to an organization’s central repository for critical data, or “single source of truth,” within Wdesk, and each data point has its own history of changes, or data lineage. Decision-makers at our customers benefit from the ability to drill down into each discrete data point, which increases data transparency, visibility and, therefore, trust of critical business data across an organization.
Report with Greater Frequency. Many critical presentations and reports are published infrequently due to the difficulties associated with collecting data, compiling inputs across teams, and iterating revisions. Within the Wdesk platform, documents, data and graphics remain intelligently linked, allowing presentations and reports to be easily updated and synchronized and published with greater frequency.
Enable Real-time Decision-Making. Wdesk’s live-linking and data-auditing capabilities significantly enhance data integrity, such that Wdesk can become the centralized, trusted data repository within our customers’ critical business data ecosystem. The use of verified data from trusted sources to compile timely reports with less risk and greater transparency and frequency allows decision-makers to make better informed, real-time decisions.
Benefits to Our Customers Who Are End Users
Ubiquitous Access. Users can access our platform through a web-based interface and our mobile application anywhere an internet connection is available. By providing flexible access to our solutions, end users can be productive at their workplace, in their homes or on-the-go.
Faster Time to Value. Wdesk is designed to be deployed in hours or days with little or no involvement from a customer’s IT organization. Wdesk’s user interface is highly intuitive and can be learned by end users quickly, enabling new users to make immediate contributions to presentations and reports.
Better Collaboration with Internal and External Constituents. Our platform enables multiple users to draft, edit and comment within the same document, spreadsheet, presentation or report at the same time from any location with internet access. Users are able to comment and respond, allowing interactive collaboration in real time.
Higher Job Satisfaction. Wdesk helps end users be more efficient and flexible, which we believe leads to greater job satisfaction, employee retention, cross-role training and career mobility.
Greater Efficiency through Data Linking. Because the Wdesk platform acts as an organization’s “single source of truth,” users save time by avoiding the need to input, update and cross-check the same data referenced in multiple, disparate presentations and reports.


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Our Growth Strategy
We strive to change the way businesses collect, manage, report and analyze critical business data. Key elements of our growth strategy include:
Pursue New Customers . Our primary growth strategy is to sell the Wdesk platform to new customers. Our first solution was focused on SEC reporting and enabled customers to automate and improve their regulatory filing process. In March 2013, we launched our Wdesk platform, under which we have expanded our offerings to five solutions. We continue to attract the majority of our new customers with our compliance reporting solutions, and we believe we can continue to take market share from our competitors in this market. We intend to build our sales and marketing organization and leverage our brand equity to attract new customers. We have customers in multiple end markets, and we intend to seek attractive new markets. During the twelve months ended September 30, 2014 , we added 446 new customers.     
Generate Growth From Existing Customers. Wdesk exhibits a powerful network effect within an enterprise, whereby the usefulness of our platform increases as the number of users and the data that resides in it grows. As more employees of our customers use Wdesk, additional opportunities for collaboration drive demand among their co-workers for add-on seats of existing solutions. We intend to expand within current customers by adding new users for existing solutions as well as adding more solutions per customer.
Grow Our International Footprint. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , we generated approximately 95% of our revenue in the United States. However, the growth drivers for our solution are similar in other parts of the world, including the need to reduce errors and risk, improve efficiency and respond to increasing regulatory requirements. For example, corporate sustainability reporting is mandatory for large companies in Europe. The European Commission has estimated its mandate will impact over 6,000 companies. Accordingly, we plan to increase our sales presence in Europe.
     Extend Our Suite of Solutions. We intend to introduce new solutions to continue to meet growing demand for the creation, collaboration, presentation and analysis of critical business data. Our close and trusted relationships with our current customers are a source of new use cases, features and solutions for our solution roadmap. We have a disciplined process for tracking, developing and releasing new solutions that are designed to have immediate, broad applicability, a strong value proposition and a high return on investment for both Workiva and our customers. Our solution strategy and advance planning groups assess customer needs and conduct industry-based research, market and domain analysis and prototype development. This process involves our sales and product marketing, customer success, professional services, research and development, finance and senior management teams.
Develop New Data Solutions. We believe we are the first integrated platform technology company to build a secure data ecosystem to manage structured and unstructured critical business data that spans data collection, reporting and decision-making. Because of the strength of our platform, our customers are increasingly using Wdesk as their central repository for critical data, and often regard Wdesk as their organization’s “single source of truth.” We believe this provides us with the following opportunities to develop new data solutions:
Data warehousing and analysis - We may choose to provide solutions that allow users to compare historical trends in their data over time, which may result in improved analysis of historical data and better decision-making processes for our users.
Semantic linking and tagging of data - We may choose to allow users to tag their data on the Wdesk platform with additional contextual information, making this data much more useful to the entire organization. Tagged data can be used to empower users to run powerful “point-and-click analyses” that we may choose to provide in the future, bypassing the need for users to utilize traditional pivot tables or learn complicated spreadsheet-based formulas.


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Real-time risk management - Many companies report risk on an annual, semi-annual, or quarterly basis; however, using the Wdesk platform, organizations can manage based on current risk levels, rather than report on historical risk levels. In the future, we may choose to market the ability for organizations to utilize Wdesk to manage real-time risk decisions.



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Wdesk Product Platform
Our Wdesk product platform includes solutions that enable enterprises to collect, manage, report and analyze their critical data. Each solution is marketed for a specific use case and shares the same underlying Wdesk technology. Our solutions include:
Compliance Reporting
We market our compliance reporting solution primarily to public companies that use it to prepare and file regulatory reports, to create investor communications and to design and manage internal control processes. We developed our integrated compliance reporting solution to give customers control over the entire SEC reporting process, from data collection to document drafting through filing. Our SEC reporting solution allows our customers to prepare and file all major SEC reports, such as Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K, as well as registration statements, proxy statements and Section 16 reports. Features tailored to the SEC reporting process include the capability to concurrently create reports in the HTML format required for filing on the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (EDGAR) system and the ability to perform XBRL tagging. Canadian issuers can use our compliance reporting solution to draft and file reports on Canada’s System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR). Our compliance reporting solution also enables customers to create press releases, slide presentations and other investor relations materials with data linked to the corresponding filing. In addition, customers can use our compliance reporting solution to create and track process narratives and flows, matrices, and other documentation required to implement the assessment and audit of internal controls over financial reporting required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Implementing our compliance reporting solution allows customers to create a fully integrated, parallel process across each of these areas, thereby saving time, increasing accuracy and reducing costs.
Risk Reporting
An evolving regulatory environment and ever-changing mandates are driving significant complexity in risk reporting, which is often carried out by teams scattered across different departments and geographies. Examples of regulations driving the need for our risk reporting solution include the Dodd-Frank Act, Basel III, Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) and Capital Requirements Directive (CRD). We market our risk reporting solution primarily to financial services customers for the following use cases:
Resolution and recovery plans;
Comprehensive capital analysis and review (CCAR);
Stress testing;
Enterprise risk; and
Own risk and solvency assessment (ORSA).
With our solutions, risk management practices can be integrated throughout the organization while maintaining information privacy, audit trails and security resulting in highly efficient and transparent regulatory compliance.


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Sustainability Reporting
Our sustainability reporting solution is designed to address evolving global standards of corporate sustainability reporting. Our solutions are tailored to meet the requirements of common frameworks, such as the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). We market our sustainability reporting solution primarily for the following use cases:
Sustainability risk;
Environment, health and safety (EHS) data management;
Supplier data management; and
Supplier assessments.
Each organization has a unique approach to sustainability, and our Wdesk platform provides the flexibility to gather data from disparate sources, optimize workflows and develop custom, iterative and repeatable reports.
Management Reporting
Teams across enterprises are increasingly being asked to create complex financial and managerial reports to better drive real-time business decisions. Our management reporting solution is designed to improve the integrity and accuracy of management reports and the productivity of employees engaged in these reporting workflows. Our management reporting solution may be suitable for public, private, governmental and non-profit enterprises, primarily for the following use cases:
Strategic planning budget and forecasting;
Board committee and quarterly reporting;
C-Suite reporting;
Monthly operation and flash reports; and
Annual audit reports.
Our management reporting solution improves transparency by seamlessly connecting data to all desired locations and increases efficiency by eliminating manual, monthly roll forwards.
Enterprise Risk Management
We have begun to market our enterprise risk management solution as a tool for executives to identify systemic risks, determine risk probabilities, assess risk magnitude and plan strategic responses. This solution is designed to help executives analyze the data collected and aggregated by Wdesk and make real-time enterprise risk management decisions.
Our Platform Technology
Wdesk is the cloud-based, multi-tenant technology platform upon which all Workiva software solutions run. Wdesk is built upon the Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services and is composed of proprietary and open-source technologies. Users can access all Wdesk solutions via any standard web browser, mobile web browsers and a native Apple iPad application. We believe that the following characteristics make our platform technology one of our key competitive advantages:
Easy to Deploy and Configure. The Wdesk platform can be deployed enterprise-wide within hours for new customers and can be seamlessly configured by the customer for individual employees or entire


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teams. Because our solutions are browser-based, customers avoid costly, time-intensive deployments typically associated with enterprise software.
High Performance. The performance of the Wdesk technology platform has been tested and proven by some of the largest, most demanding enterprises in the world. Our platform is built for organizations of all sizes, from those with tens of users to those with hundreds of thousands of users. The architecture, design, deployment and management of our solutions are focused on enterprise-grade scalability, availability and security. Our underlying code base of approximately 10 million lines of code is continually optimized in order to ensure high performance for our users.
Always On. Our customers are highly dependent on our solutions for their reporting and performance management needs. As a result, Wdesk is designed as an “always on” service. Additionally, constant customer collaboration and development iteration allows us to release a new version of Wdesk nearly every day, without the need for our customers to use costly IT resources.
Scales Rapidly. Wdesk is designed to support concurrent user sessions within a global enterprise, managing hundreds of millions of data elements while continuing to deliver rapid processing performance. A number of our enterprise customers have reported millions of links to single sources of data, among multiple documents, spreadsheets and presentations, without any noticeable negative effects on performance. Wdesk is designed to support millions of end users as a result of its scalability and our relationship with the Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services.
Secure. Many of the largest enterprises in the world trust us with their most sensitive data. Wdesk employs stringent data security, reliability, integrity and privacy practices. In addition to our continuous customer security audits, we aggressively test the security of our operations by subjecting them to ongoing penetration and vulnerability testing. The quality of our data security efforts is validated by our annual completion of an independent audit process using the SSAE 16 SOC 1 Type 2 standard. In addition to the physical, operational and infrastructure security precautions provided by our technology partners, Google and Amazon, we also employ additional proprietary security layers to protect our customers’ data, including methods for storing user data in separate, discreet code modules and encrypting all user data at rest.
Research and Development
Our research and development team is distributed among nine office locations in North America, including our headquarters in Ames, Iowa.
Our research and development efforts are focused on improving the Wdesk platform for broad use across all of our solutions, rather than developing custom use cases or vertically-focused features. Our development teams can deploy incremental changes to our platform for our customers on a daily basis. We employ a continuous delivery process supported by Agile software development methodologies and a proprietary quality assurance process. Our spending on research and development reached $32.5 million in 2013, up 77.2% from $18.3 million in 2012 due mainly to higher headcount to support the continued addition of features to our platform.
To ensure new features are intuitive and efficient, each development team has a dedicated user interface designer who is focused on delivering an optimized user experience. Additionally, we continuously test our software code using a combination of quality assurance personnel and a proprietary automated testing suite. We believe our focus on user experience and our rigorous quality assurance culture are key differentiators that contribute to the success of our Wdesk platform.


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Our Customers
Workiva is trusted by thousands of organizations, including global enterprises with hundreds of thousands of employees. As of September 30, 2014 , we had more than 2,100 customers, including over 60% of both the Fortune 500 and Fortune 100. Our solutions change and optimize the way our customers do their work. Our customers are passionate, loyal supporters of our solutions, as demonstrated by our subscription and support revenue retention rate of 97.3% (excluding add-on seats) for the twelve months ended September 30, 2014 . Our customers operate in a wide range of industries and include the following:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Manufacturing & Materials
Ashland Inc.
The Boeing Company
Chicago Bridge & Iron Company N.V.
Cummins Inc.
General Dynamics Corporation
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
The Mosaic Company
Precision Castparts Corp.
 
 
 
Energy & Utilities
The AES Corporation
American Electric Power Company, Inc.
CenterPoint Energy, Inc.
Chevron Corporation
Halliburton Company
HollyFrontier Corporation
Kinder Morgan, Inc.
Marathon Oil Corporation
PBF Energy Inc.
TransCanada Corporation
Valero Energy Corporation
 
 
 
Financial Services
American Equity Investment Life Holding Company
Aon plc
Credit Suisse Group AG
Freddie Mac
INTL FCStone Inc.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc.
Raymond James Financial, Inc.
SunTrust Banks, Inc.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare
Cardinal Health, Inc.
Catamaran Corporation
Eli Lilly and Company
Medtronic, Inc.
Perrigo Company plc
 
 
 
Media & Entertainment
CBS Corporation
Meredith Corporation
Omnicom Group Inc.
Viacom Inc.

 
 
 
Real Estate
Acadia Realty Trust
AR Capital, LLC
Kilroy Realty Corporation
Tanger Factory Outlet Centers, Inc.
Two Harbors Investment Corp.
Washington Real Estate Investment Trust
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
CST Brands, Inc.
The Gap, Inc.
The Home Depot, Inc.
Mohawk Industries, Inc.
Sears Holdings Corporation
Target Corporation
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

 
 
 
Consumer Goods
The Coca-Cola Company
Energizer Holdings, Inc.
Philip Morris International Inc.
 
 
 
Services
MasterCard Incorporated
Tyco International Ltd.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transportation
Avis Budget Group, Inc.
C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc.
Delta Air Lines, Inc.
 
 
 
Technology & Telecom
CenturyLink, Inc.
EMC Corporation
Google Inc.


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Case Studies
We believe that the following case studies are representative examples of how our customers have benefited from our solutions.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Situation. Operating over 11,100 retail units under 71 banners in 27 countries, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. needed a solution that could provide real-time collaboration and streamline data collection and reporting for compliance, investor relations, global sustainability and internal management.
Solution. In May 2011, Wal-Mart began using our solution to bring SEC filing in-house. Different divisions across the company quickly recognized the efficiencies associated with the live-linking, control and audit features of our platform. Wal-Mart’s investor relations team soon adopted our solutions for earnings releases and executive call scripts. Wal-Mart’s global sustainability reporting team, which collects and consolidates vast amounts of data across different formats and myriad locations, found that Wdesk streamlined Wal-Mart’s data collection process.
Results. Today, Wal-Mart uses Workiva’s solutions across many different departments, including SEC, investor relations, sustainability, internal accounting and management reporting. Wal-Mart has more than tripled its number of seats since its initial deployment of 45 users. Workiva also has a consulting engagement with Wal-Mart to help it automate and simplify the preparation of workbooks and reports. The Wdesk platform helps Wal-Mart keep its global data updated with increased control and accountability, at greater accuracy and reduced cost.
Aon plc
Situation. Aon plc is one of the largest insurance brokers in the world, with over 500 offices worldwide, serving 120 countries and employing 65,000 people. Aon was looking for help with measuring and reporting its risk exposure and internal controls for SEC and Sarbanes-Oxley reporting purposes, as its existing approaches were inefficient and error-prone.
Solution. Aon initially implemented our platform for SEC reporting. The SEC users found immediate time savings by linking data, being able to easily roll forward each quarter, and having a central, trusted source for “as reported” data. Soon, colleagues in investor relations began using Wdesk for the company’s Form 8-K filings. In July 2014, 90 users across Aon turned to Wdesk to complete the Sarbanes-Oxley section 302 report. The report, normally a highly challenging exercise given the amount of data collection and certifications required from numerous people, was completed seamlessly in Wdesk. Aon was consequently able to automate Sarbanes-Oxley data collection and certify it from around the globe.
Results.     Wdesk allows Aon to cross geographic boundaries seamlessly to control and report on risk that is critical not only to how Aon manages its business, but also to the solutions and services that the company offers to its customers. Aon reports that Wdesk saves it eight days each quarter on SEC filings. Through Wdesk, Aon’s data collection process is faster and more complete, allowing it to make decisions real-time.
The AES Corporation
Situation. The AES Corporation is a global power company that owns and operates a diverse portfolio of electricity generation and distribution businesses with 17,800 employees in 20 countries. As part of its performance improvement program, the company continuously seeks solutions that improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its operations, including with respect to financial reporting.  AES considered Wdesk based on its ability to report to different regulators across geographic boundaries, collaborate across business units, and make decisions based on real-time data.


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Solution. In June 2013, AES migrated from a competing solution to Wdesk for SEC reporting. Wdesk enhanced AES’ ability to compile, manage and control its business data in a single platform, thus simplifying the process of consolidating and reporting financial information. In May 2014, the AES investor relations team began using Wdesk for earnings releases, Form 8-K filings, and conference call scripts and preparation materials. Wdesk allowed the company to streamline its roll-forward process, and allowed for greater automation in the reporting process. Today, AES employs the Wdesk platform across many different divisions and geographies. 
Results. According to AES, the Wdesk platform enables a single user to update four financial reports at the same time, which increases the effectiveness of controls with greater efficiency.  AES indicates that numerous processes across the organization have become more efficient as contributors and reviewers in the Wdesk platform can provide real-time comments and feedback. By implementing Wdesk, AES controls business data and reporting around the globe, saving time and resources while providing critically needed accountability.
Our Competition
The intensity and nature of our competition varies significantly across our different solutions, as changes in regulation and market trends result in evolving customer requirements for enterprise software. Our primary competition includes:
Manual business processes that rely on legacy business productivity tools;
Diversified enterprise software providers;
Niche software providers who provide point solutions;
Providers of professional services, including consultants and business and financial printers;
Governance, risk and compliance software providers; and
Business intelligence / corporate performance management software providers.
As our market grows, we expect it will attract more highly specialized software vendors as well as larger vendors that may continue to acquire or bundle their products more effectively.
The principal competitive factors in our market include: product features, reliability, performance and effectiveness; product line breadth, diversity and applicability; product extensibility and ability to integrate with other technology infrastructures; price and total cost of ownership; adherence to industry standards and certifications; strength of sales and marketing efforts; and brand awareness and reputation. We believe that our cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform is, and will continue to be, an advantage that helps us compete favorably.
Sales and Marketing
Our “land-and-expand” sales strategy focuses on acquiring new customers and growing our existing customer relationships. We believe that we have penetrated only a small fraction of our market opportunity, and we intend to invest in sales and marketing to drive growth. We employed a total of 228 sales and marketing personnel as of September 30, 2014 .


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Sales
Our sales organization is responsible for generating new customer opportunities and managing add-on sales. We believe our direct sales approach allows us to most efficiently reach our prospects and customers. Our sales organization comprises business development managers, new account managers and current account managers, all of whom are responsible for achieving quotas.
Our business development managers generate high-quality, cost-effective leads and meetings for our new account managers. Our new account managers are segmented by solution, industry and geography to best meet the needs of prospective customers. Our current account managers focus on helping existing customers expand the use of Wdesk solutions into new use cases and across functional areas within their organizations.
We expect to continue to build our sales headcount in our current markets, as well as expand our sales footprint into countries where we currently do not have a direct-sales presence. To achieve this growth, we plan to continue to hire energetic and motivated sales people with experience in large enterprise software sales organizations. We believe that our approach to hiring sales people will allow us to retain sales talent and continue to drive growth.
Marketing
Our marketing organization comprises three segments: advance planning, product marketing and outbound marketing. Our advance planning team assesses customer needs, conducts industry-based research and defines new markets. Our product marketing team creates and packages our marketing message and develops marketing and sales strategies. Our outbound marketing team focuses on organic demand generation by building market awareness of our platform and solutions, generating customer leads, and managing our brand equity and customer loyalty. This team is also responsible for industry analyst relationships, digital and print campaigns, and sponsoring events and professional organizations, including the SEC Professionals Group. Additionally, the outbound marketing team hosts our annual user conference, The Exchange Community (TEC). TEC brings our customers, developers, professional services and customer success managers together to learn and collaborate. TEC is our largest user event each year and features sessions with industry thought leaders, business networking events and opportunities to share ideas for enhancements and use cases.
Customer Success and Professional Services
We believe our customer success and professional services teams are essential elements of our long-term success and differentiate our service from our competitors. The performance of these teams contributed to a 95% customer satisfaction rating on a survey that we conducted as of June 30, 2014.
Our customer success team provides support to our customers with in-depth knowledge and continuity for each customer’s processes and the Wdesk solutions used by them. As of September 30, 2014 , we had 195 customer success team members, who provide 24/7 live customer support via phone, digital messaging and web conferencing. A customer success manager is assigned to each customer and is accountable for that customer’s satisfaction with our solutions. We carefully train our customer success employees and segment them for each solution and market focus. As part of our knowledge commitment, we created the Workiva employee university, featuring an in-house, e-learning curriculum. This is designed to help customer success and other employees keep current with industry and technology issues. In 2013, employees spent thousands of hours learning online or in person at instructor-led courses. We also pay for employees to maintain professional certifications and licenses that are important to our customers, and we host regular employee education sessions on business, industry, technology and workplace topics.


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Our professional services team performs XBRL mapping, tagging and review for our customers and also provides training and other services. We typically require our professional services managers to have prior accounting or financial reporting experience As of September 30, 2014 , we had 104 professional services employees.
Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property and proprietary rights are important to our business. To safeguard these rights, we rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws and contractual protections in the United States and other jurisdictions.
As of September 30, 2014 , we had 5 issued patents and 13 patent applications pending in the United States relating to our platform. We cannot assure you whether any of our patent applications will result in the issuance of a patent or whether the examination process will require us to narrow or otherwise limit our claims. Any patents issued may be contested, designed around, found unenforceable, or invalidated, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing them. We also license software from third parties for integration into our solutions, including open source software and other software available on commercially reasonable terms. We cannot assure you that such third parties will maintain such software or continue to make it available.
We control access to and use of our proprietary software and other confidential information through the use of internal and external controls, including contractual protections with employees, contractors, end-customers, and partners, and our software is protected by U.S. and international copyright laws. Despite our efforts to protect our trade secrets and proprietary rights through intellectual property rights, licenses, and confidentiality agreements, unauthorized parties may still copy or otherwise obtain and use our software and technology. In addition, we intend to expand our international operations, and effective patent, copyright, trademark, and trade-secret protection may not be available or may be limited in foreign countries.
If we become more successful, we believe that competitors will be more likely to try to develop solutions and services that are similar to ours and that may infringe our proprietary rights. It may also be more likely that competitors or other third parties will claim that our platform infringes their proprietary rights.
Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. In particular, leading companies in the enterprise software industry have extensive patent portfolios and are regularly involved in both offensive and defensive litigation. From time to time, third parties, including certain of these leading companies, may assert claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights against us, and our standard license and other agreements obligate us to indemnify our customers against such claims. Successful claims of infringement by a third party could prevent us from distributing certain solutions or performing certain services, require us to expend time and money to develop non-infringing solutions, or force us to pay substantial damages (including enhanced damages if we are found to have willfully infringed patents or copyrights), royalties or other fees. In addition, to the extent that we gain greater visibility and market exposure as a public company, we face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement claims from third parties. We cannot assure you that we do not currently infringe, or that we will not in the future infringe, upon any third-party patents, copyrights or other proprietary rights.    
We have registered the “Workiva,” “Wdesk” and “WebFilings” trademarks and logos with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and in several jurisdictions outside the United States. We have also registered other trademarks in the United States and in other jurisdictions outside the United States. In addition, we intend to expand our international operations, and we cannot assure you that these names will be available for use in all such jurisdictions.


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Litigation
From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of any currently pending legal proceedings to which we are a party will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
Employees
As of September 30, 2014 , we had 949 full-time employees, including 299 in customer success and professional services, 228 in sales and marketing, 289 in research and development and 133 in general and administrative functions. Our headcount as of September 30, 2014 increased 31% from our headcount as of September 30, 2013 . None of our employees is represented by a labor organization or is a party to any collective bargaining arrangement. We have never experienced a strike or similar work stoppage, and we consider our relations with our employees to be good.
Facilities
Our corporate headquarters is located in Ames, Iowa, where we lease approximately 120,000 square feet of office space. We also lease office facilities in eleven U.S. cities located in Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Montana, New York, Texas and Washington. Internationally, we lease offices in Ontario and Saskatchewan, Canada and the Netherlands. We believe that our facilities are sufficient for our current needs, and that if we require additional space, we will be able to obtain additional facilities on commercially reasonable terms.





MANAGEMENT
Executive Officers, Key Employees and Directors
The following table sets forth the name, age as of October 17, 2014, and titles of our executive officers, key employees, directors and director nominees following the corporate conversion:
Name
 
Age
 
Position
Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D.
 
58
 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.
 
58
 
President, Chief Operating Officer and Director
Jeffrey D. Trom, Ph.D.
 
54
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
Michael S. Sellberg
 
47
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Product Officer
Joseph H. Howell
 
62
 
Executive Vice President, Strategic Initiatives
J. Stuart Miller
 
54
 
Executive Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
Troy M. Calkins
 
48
 
Executive Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel
Jill Klindt
 
38
 
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
Michael M. Crow
 
59
 
Nominee for Director
Robert H. Herz
 
61
 
Nominee for Director
Eugene S. Katz
 
69
 
Nominee for Director
David S. Mulcahy
 
62
 
Nominee for Director
Suku V. Radia
 
63
 
Nominee for Director
___________________________________________
(1)
Dr. Crow, Mr. Herz, Mr. Katz, Mr. Mulcahy and Mr. Radia have consented to being named herein as nominees for director and are expected to join our board of directors upon completion of this offering.
The following is a biographical summary of the experience of our executive officers, directors and key employees:
Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D . Mr. Rizai has served as the Chief Executive Officer and a Managing Director of Workiva LLC since 2008 and following the corporate conversion will serve as the Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer of Workiva Inc. He has over 20 years of experience as a Mechanical Engineer and nearly 15 years of experience leading technology companies. Prior to founding Workiva in 2008, Mr. Rizai was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Engineering Animation, Inc. (NASDAQ: EAII) (EAI) from 1990 to 2000, when it was acquired by Unigraphics Solutions (now part of Siemens USA). Prior to EAI, Mr. Rizai was a senior research engineer at General Motors Research Laboratories, an analyst at Arch Development Corporation, and a development engineer at Ford Motor Company. He also co-founded Computer Aided Design Software, Inc. Mr. Rizai is a board member of Stafford Development Company, a real estate, hospitality, restaurant and health care services company based in Tifton, GA. He also serves on the board of 10X Technology LLC. Mr. Rizai earned a B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Michigan State University and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
As one of our founders, Mr. Rizai brings to our board valuable perspective, extensive experience and a deep understanding of our business. Mr. Rizai also contributes to our board of directors significant executive leadership and operational experience in both the private and public sector.


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Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D . Mr. Vanderploeg has served as the Chief Operating Officer and a Managing Director of Workiva LLC since 2008 and following the corporate conversion will serve as the President, Chief Operating Officer and a director of Workiva Inc. He has over 20 years of experience in mechanical engineering and advising early stage technology companies. Prior to founding Workiva in 2008, Mr. Vanderploeg was a founder of EAI and served as EAI’s Executive Vice President from 1993 until EAI was acquired by Unigraphics Solutions in 2000. Mr. Vanderploeg served as Chief Technology Officer of EAI from 1989 to 1999. Following the acquisition of EAI, Mr. Vanderploeg continued to be an advisor to various technology start-up companies. Prior to EAI, Mr. Vanderploeg was a tenured professor of mechanical engineering at Iowa State University from 1985 to 1993 and was the founder and director of the Iowa State University Visualization Laboratory. Mr. Vanderploeg earned a B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Michigan State University.
As one of our founders, Mr. Vanderploeg contributes to our board of directors an in-depth understanding of our business as well as valuable perspective and extensive experience. Mr. Vanderploeg also brings to the board of directors significant operational experience and knowledge of our industry.
Jeffrey D. Trom, Ph.D . Mr. Trom has served as the Chief Technology Officer and a Managing Director of Workiva LLC since 2008 and following the corporate conversion will serve as the Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Workiva Inc. He has over 20 years of experience working with information technology and development. Prior to joining Workiva, Mr. Trom was a founder of EAI and served as EAI’s Vice President from 1990 and as Chief Technology Officer in charge of software architecture, development and deployment from 1999 until EAI was acquired by Unigraphics Solutions in 2000. Thereafter, Mr. Trom served as a technical consultant for various technology companies, including Electronic Data Systems from 2000 to 2002. He is president of the board of Middle Creek Montessori, a non-profit school in Bozeman, Montana. Mr. Trom earned a B.S. and M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from University of Iowa and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Iowa State University.
Michael S. Sellberg . Mr. Sellberg served as the Chief Marketing Officer and a Managing Director of Workiva LLC from 2009 to August 2014, has served as the Chief Product Officer and a Managing Director since September 2014, and following the corporate conversion will serve as the Executive Vice President and Chief Product Officer of Workiva Inc. He has over 20 years of experience in software development, product marketing and operations management. From 2005 to 2009, Mr. Sellberg was Executive Vice President of Operations and Chief Technology Officer of iMed Studios, a digital agency and web studio owned by the Publicis Healthcare Communications Group. From 1998 to 2000, he was Divisional General Manager at EAI and Executive Director of Operations for EAI’s online collaboration solution, eVis. After EAI was acquired by Unigraphics Solutions in 2000 and until 2005, Mr. Sellberg led the Teamcenter product management team for Unigraphics. Mr. Sellberg earned a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from University of Missouri-Rolla and an M.S. in Engineering Mechanics from Iowa State University.
Joseph H. Howell . Mr. Howell has served as a Managing Director of Workiva LLC since 2008 and following the corporate conversion will serve as the Executive Vice President for Strategic Initiatives of Workiva Inc. He has over 25 years of experience in senior financial management and SEC reporting experience, including with early stage companies. Prior to founding Workiva in 2008, Mr. Howell was the Managing Director of Financial Intelligence, LLC from 2007 until 2008. From 2002 to 2004, Mr. Howell served as Chief Financial Officer of Eid Passport, and, from 2000 to 2002, he was the Chief Financial Officer of Webridge, Inc., which was acquired by Click Commerce. He was also the Chief Financial Officer from 1998 to 2000 of EMusic.com (NASDAQ: EMUS), which was acquired by Universal Music Group. In addition, Mr. Howell served as the Chief Financial Officer of Merix Corporation (NASDAQ: MERX) from 1995 to 1998, Acting Chief Financial Officer for Borland Software (NASDAQ: BORL) from 1994 to 1995,


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and the Chief Accounting Officer for BORL from 1988 to 1995. Mr. Howell is a certified public accountant (inactive), and he earned a B.A. from the University of Michigan and an M.S. in Accounting from Eastern Michigan University.
J. Stuart Miller . Mr. Miller has served as the Chief Financial Officer of Workiva LLC since April 2014 and following the corporate conversion will serve as the Executive Vice President, Treasurer, and Chief Financial Officer of Workiva Inc. He has over 25 years of experience advising on mergers and acquisitions and capital raising for various companies. Prior to joining Workiva in April 2014, Mr. Miller was a Managing Director of Colonnade Advisors, a mergers and acquisitions advisory firm that he founded in 1999. Previously, he was a Managing Director in the Investment Banking Department of J.P. Morgan. Mr. Miller joined J.P. Morgan from Credit Suisse First Boston, where he had worked in the Investment Banking Department. He earned a B.A. from Washington & Lee University and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.
Troy M. Calkins . Mr. Calkins has served as the General Counsel of Workiva LLC since February 2014 and following the corporate conversion will serve as the Executive Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel of Workiva Inc. Prior to Workiva, he was a partner at Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, where he spent 19 years in the firm’s Corporate and Securities Practice Group. His practice focused on counseling both private and public companies on legal strategy, corporate compliance and governance, and private and public securities offerings. Mr. Calkins served as a member of the legal team on all of EAI’s public offerings. He earned a B.A. from Michigan State University and a J.D. from the University of Michigan Law School.
Jill E. Klindt . Ms. Klindt has been with Workiva LLC since 2008 and is currently serving as Senior Director of Finance and Accounting. Following the corporate conversion, she will serve as Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of Workiva Inc. Prior to Workiva, she was a Financial Analysis Manager at Financial Intelligence, LLC. Previously, she was a Financial Consultant at Wells Fargo Financial, a Senior Financial Analyst at CitiMortgage, a Financial Accounting Analyst at Principal Residential Mortgage, and an Accountant at both Prairie iNet and EAI. She is a certified public accountant (inactive) and earned a B.S. in Accounting from Iowa State University.
Certain Prior Legal Proceedings
In 1999, EAI and certain of its officers, including Mr. Rizai and Mr. Vanderploeg, were named in stockholder class action lawsuits alleging misstatements by EAI and challenging EAI’s accounting treatment of certain matters after EAI restated its financial statements. After certain of the claims made in these lawsuits were dismissed, the remaining claims were settled under insurance coverage for $7.5 million without any admission of wrongdoing or liability on the part of any of the defendants. In late 2000, the SEC entered an order directing that EAI and its former Vice President and Co-General Manager of Software, who had been terminated by EAI, cease and desist from violating certain provisions of the federal securities laws and related SEC rules. No other current or former officer of EAI was the subject of the SEC order.
Nominees for Director
    Dr. Crow, Mr. Herz, Mr. Katz, Mr. Mulcahy and Mr. Radia have consented to being named herein as nominees for director and are expected to join our board of directors upon completion of this offering. The following is a biographical summary of the experience of our director nominees:
Michael M. Crow, Ph.D . Dr. Crow will serve as a director of Workiva Inc. effective upon the completion of this offering. From 2008 to 2014, he served as a member of our advisory board. Dr. Crow is the President of Arizona State University (ASU), a position he has held since 2002, and is also currently a Professor of Science and Technology Policy at ASU. Prior to ASU and beginning in 1992, Dr. Crow served


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in a variety of leadership positions and as a professor at Columbia University, New York. From 2003 to 2008, he served as a director of Aquila, Inc. (NYSE: ILA). Dr. Crow has served as a consultant for the Moscow School of Management since 2013 and as a consultant for the Malaysian Global Science and Innovation Advisory Council from 2011 to 2014. In addition, Dr. Crow served as a director of Engineering Animation, Inc. from 1991 to 2000. Dr. Crow earned a B.A. in Political Science and Environmental Studies from Iowa State University and earned his Ph.D. in Public Administration (Science and Technology Policy) from Syracuse University. Dr. Crow has been an adviser to the U.S. Departments of State, Commerce, and Energy, and various defense and intelligence agencies on matters of science and technology policy related to intelligence and national security.  A fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration, and member of the National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Council on Foreign Relations, he is the author of books and articles relating to the design and analysis of knowledge enterprises, technology transfer, sustainable development, and science and technology policy.
Dr. Crow brings significant experience in and understanding of technology development, strategy, and organizational decision-making to our board.
Robert H. Herz . Mr. Herz will serve as a director of Workiva Inc. effective upon the completion of this offering. From 2011 to 2014, he served as a member of our advisory board. Since 2010, Mr. Herz has has served as President of Robert H. Herz LLC, which has provided consulting services to us since 2012. Mr. Herz spent the majority of his career until 2002 as an audit partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers and its predecessor companies. From 2002 to 2010, Mr. Herz was the Chairman of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). He has served as a member of the board of directors of the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) since 2011 and of Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) since 2012. Mr. Herz is also an executive-in-residence at the Columbia University Business School and a Trustee and Vice-Chair of the Kessler Foundation. He holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of Manchester, England and is also a certified public accountant and a U.K. Chartered Accountant.
Mr. Herz will contribute valuable perspective to our board based on his background as a leader in the fields of auditing and financial reporting and his experience guiding large public and private enterprises.
Eugene S. Katz . Mr. Katz will serve as a director of Workiva Inc. effective upon the completion of this offering. From 2008 to 2014, he served as a member of our advisory board. Mr. Katz retired as a partner from PricewaterhouseCoopers in 2006, where he spent the majority of his career as an auditor, business adviser and risk management leader. He served on the governing board of PricewaterhouseCoopers from 1992 to 1997, and again from 2001 to 2005. Since 2007, Mr. Katz has served as a director of Asbury Automotive Group (NYSE: ABG), where he has chaired the audit committee since 2008 and served on the compensation committee since 2011. Mr. Katz holds a B.S. in Business Administration from Drexel University and is also a certified public accountant (inactive).
Mr. Katz brings extensive experience to our board based on his background in accounting, auditing and risk management for a broad range of industries, with a particular focus on retail and technology companies.
David S. Mulcahy . Mr. Mulcahy will serve as a director of Workiva Inc. effective upon the completion of this offering. Since 2011, Mr. Mulcahy has served as a director and chairman of the audit committee of American Equity Investment Life Holding Company (NYSE: AEL). Mr. Mulcahy previously served as a director of AEL from 1996 to 2006, where he chaired the audit committee at the time of AEL’s initial public offering in 2003. He also serves as a director of American Equity Investment Life Insurance Company of New York. Since 2008, he has served as the chairman of Monarch Materials Group, Inc., which manufactures and sells building products and was the successor to Monarch Holdings, Inc. Mr. Mulcahy previously served as an executive officer of Monarch Holdings, Inc., which filed a petition for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in 2008. Mr. Mulcahy also serves as president and chairman


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of the board of directors of MABSCO Capital, Inc. Mr. Mulcahy is an active investor in private companies and previously managed private equity capital for numerous banks and insurance companies. He is a certified public accountant (inactive) who was a senior tax partner with Ernst & Young, LLP until 1994, where he specialized in mergers and acquisitions. Mr. Mulcahy holds a B.B.A. in Accounting and Finance from University of Iowa.
Mr. Mulcahy’s extensive background in financial reporting and experience in accounting and business management will allow him to contribute valuable perspective and experience to our board.
Suku V. Radia . Mr. Radia will serve as a director of Workiva Inc. effective upon the completion of this offering. Mr. Radia is the Chief Executive Officer, President and a director of Bankers Trust Company. Prior to joining Bankers Trust Company in 2008, he served as Chief Financial Officer of Meredith Corporation (NYSE: MDP) from 2000 until 2008 and practiced as a mergers and acquisitions partner with KPMG LLP for over 25 years. Mr. Radia also serves as a director of Nationwide Insurance Company, Ruan Transportation Management Systems, Inc. and BTC Financial Corp. Mr. Radia holds a B.S. (with Distinction) in Accounting from Iowa State University and is a certified public accountant (inactive).
Mr. Radia’s experience in mergers and acquisitions and his background as an executive and director in diverse industries will provide valuable contributions to our board.
Director Independence
Upon the completion of this offering, we intend to apply for our common stock to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company’s board of directors within a specified period after completion of this offering. Under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In addition, the rules of the New York Stock Exchange require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s Audit, Compensation, and Nominating and Governance Committees be independent.
Audit Committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an Audit Committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the Audit Committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee, accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries; or be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.
Prior to this offering, our managing directors undertook a review of the composition of the board of directors and its committees and the independence of each director and nominee for director. Our managing directors have affirmatively determined that Dr. Crow, Mr. Katz, Mr. Mulcahy and Mr. Radia meet the definition of “independent director” under the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange.
Election of Officers
Our executive officers are elected by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.


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Board of Directors
Composition of our Board of Directors upon Completion of this Offering
Following the corporate conversion, our certificate of incorporation will provide that our board of directors must consist of two or more directors, and the number of directors to hold office at any time may be determined from time to time by resolution of our board of directors. Following the corporate conversion, we will have two directors, and upon the closing of this offering, we will have seven directors. Our board of directors will be divided into three classes as nearly equal in size as is practicable. The composition of the board of directors immediately following the offering will be as follows:
Class I, which will initially consist of Mr. Herz and Mr. Mulcahy, whose terms will expire at our annual meeting of stockholders to be held in ;
Class II, which will initially consist of Mr. Vanderploeg and Mr. Radia, whose terms will expire at our annual meeting of stockholders to be held in ; and
Class III, which will initially consist of Mr. Rizai, Mr. Crow and Mr. Katz, whose terms will expire at our annual meeting of stockholders to be held in .
Upon the expiration of the initial term of office for each class of directors, each director in such class shall be elected for a term of three years and serve until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors or a vacancy may only be filled by the directors then in office. Directors may be removed for cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of the combined vote of our then-outstanding shares of Class A and Class B common stock. Because only one class of our directors will be elected at each annual meeting, two consecutive annual meetings of stockholders could be required for the stockholders to change a majority of the board.
Committees of our Board of Directors
Following the corporate conversion, our board of directors will establish an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, and a Nominating and Governance Committee. Each of these committees will have the composition and responsibilities described below as of the closing of the offering. We believe that the composition of each of these committees meets the applicable independence requirements of the New York Stock Exchange. Members serve on these committees until their resignations or until otherwise determined by our board of directors.
The board of directors will adopt written charters for our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Governance Committee. In addition, from time to time, special committees may be established under the direction of our board of directors when necessary to address specific issues.
Audit Committee
Following the offering, our Audit Committee will consist of Dr. Crow, Mr. Katz, Mr. Mulcahy and Mr. Radia, each of whom satisfy the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3. Mr. Katz will be the chairman of our Audit Committee. Also, Mr. Katz, Mr. Mulcahy and Mr. Radia are each an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined under SEC rules, and possess financial sophistication as required by the rules of the New York Stock Exchange. This designation does not impose on any of them any duties, obligations or liabilities that are greater than are generally imposed on members of our Audit Committee and our board of directors. The Audit Committee will be responsible for, among other things:
appointment, termination, compensation and oversight of the work of any accounting firm engaged to prepare or issue an audit report or other audit, review or attest services;


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considering and approving, in advance, all audit and non-audit services to be performed by independent accountants;
reviewing and discussing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and financial reporting processes and controls and the audits of our financial statements;
establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters;
investigating any matter brought to its attention within the scope of its duties and engaging independent counsel and other advisers as the Audit Committee deems necessary;
determining compensation of the independent auditors, compensation of advisors hired by the Audit Committee and ordinary administrative expenses;
reviewing quarterly financial statements prior to their release;
reviewing and assessing the adequacy of a formal written charter on an annual basis;
reviewing and approving related-party transactions for potential conflict of interest situations on an ongoing basis; and
handling such other matters that are specifically delegated to the Audit Committee by our board of directors from time to time.
Compensation Committee
Following the offering, our Compensation Committee will consist of Dr. Crow, Mr. Katz, Mr. Mulcahy and Mr. Radia, each of whom will be a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act. Mr. Mulcahy will be the chairman of our Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee will be responsible for, among other things:
reviewing and approving the compensation and benefits of all of our executive officers and key employees;
monitoring and reviewing our compensation and benefit plans;
overseeing the activities of the individuals responsible for administering cash incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans; and    
such other matters that are specifically delegated to the Compensation Committee by our board of directors from time to time.
Nominating and Governance Committee
Following the offering, our Nominating and Governance Committee will consist of Dr. Crow, Mr. Katz, Mr. Mulcahy and Mr. Radia. The chairman of our Nominating and Governance Committee will be Mr. Crow. The Nominating and Governance Committee will be responsible for, among other things:
evaluating and making recommendations regarding the organization and governance of our board of directors and its committees and changes to our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and stockholder communications;
assessing the performance of board members and making recommendations regarding committee and chair assignments and composition and the size of our board of directors and its committees;
reviewing proposed waivers of the code of conduct for directors and executive officers;


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evaluating and making recommendations regarding the creation of additional committees or the change in mandate or dissolution of committees; and
reviewing succession planning for our executive officers and evaluating potential successors.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
No member of our Compensation Committee is an executive officer or employee of our company. No executive officer serves as a member of the board of directors or Compensation Committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or Compensation Committee. No interlocking relationship exists between any member of the board of directors or any member of the Compensation Committee (or other committee performing equivalent functions) of any other company.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We intend to adopt a code of business conduct and ethics upon completion of this offering relating to the conduct of our business by all of our employees, officers and directors, which will be posted on our website, www.workiva.com. We intend to disclose future amendments to certain provisions of this code of business conduct and ethics, or waivers of such provisions, applicable to any principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, and our directors, on our website identified above.
Director Compensation
Following the completion of this offering, our non-employee directors will be entitled to receive both equity and cash compensation for their service as directors. Initially, our board of directors has determined that annual cash compensation will be $50,000 for service on our board, and additional annual cash compensation for committee service will be as follows:
Audit Committee – $20,000 for the chair and $10,000 for each other member;
Compensation Committee – $15,000 for the chair and $7,500 for each other member; and
Nominating and Governance Committee – $10,000 for the chair and $5,000 for each other member.
In addition, each non-employee director will receive restricted shares of Class A common stock with a grant date fair value of $150,000, and an additional grant of restricted shares of Class A common stock at each annual meeting with a grant date fair value of $125,000. All restricted shares granted to non-employee directors will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date.


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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
We are providing compensation disclosure that satisfies the requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, as defined in the JOBS Act.
As an emerging growth company, we have opted to comply with the executive compensation rules applicable to “smaller reporting companies,” as such term is defined under the Securities Act. These rules require compensation disclosure for our principal executive officer and the two most highly compensated executive officers other than our principal executive officer.
           Prior to the corporate conversion, we have been a private limited liability company, and we have not been subject to exchange listing requirements requiring us to have a majority independent board or to exchange or SEC rules relating to the formation and functioning of board committees, including audit, nominating and compensation committees. As a result, our compensation policies and determinations applicable to our executive officers have been the product of negotiation between our executive officers and our managing directors. Following this offering, we will have a compensation committee that will be responsible for making all compensation-related determinations applicable to our executive officers.
The table below sets forth the annual compensation earned during fiscal 2013 by our principal executive officer and our next two most highly-compensated executive officers, or our Named Executive Officers (NEOs).
Summary Compensation Table
Name and Principal Position
Year
 
Salary ($)
 
Bonus ($)
 
All Other Compensation ($)
 
Total
($)
Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D.
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
2013
 
360,000

 
290,000

 
111,047

(1)  
761,047

Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.
President and Chief Operating Officer
2013
 
360,000

 
290,000

 
20,198

(2)  
670,198

Jeffrey D. Trom, Ph.D.
Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
2013
 
225,000

 
150,000

 
11,685

(3)  
386,685


(1)
The amount reported consists of (i) $102,290 of estate planning and other personal legal fees paid on behalf of Mr. Rizai during 2013 and (ii) $8,757 of taxes paid on Mr. Rizai’s behalf directly associated with taxable income in various states caused by the flow-through structure of Workiva LLC.
(2)
The amount reported consists of $20,198 of taxes paid on Mr. Vanderploeg’s behalf during 2013 directly associated with taxable income in various states caused by the flow-through structure of Workiva LLC.
(3)
The amount reported consists of $11,685 of taxes paid on Mr. Trom’s behalf during 2013 directly associated with taxable income in various states caused by the flow-through structure of Workiva LLC.



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Employment Agreements
Mr. Rizai, Mr. Vanderploeg and Mr. Trom are our NEOs. We intend to enter into employment agreements with all of our executive officers, including the NEOs. These agreements are expected to provide for at-will employment and generally include an initial base salary, an indication of eligibility for an annual cash incentive award opportunity, and equity awards at the discretion of our board of directors. These agreements are also expected to contain restrictions on non-competition and non-solicitation for the six-month period following termination. In addition, each of our executive officers, including the NEOs, has executed our standard confidential information and invention assignment agreement.
Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control
The employment agreements with our NEOs are expected to provide that certain payments and benefits would be due upon a termination of employment or a change in control.
If the employment of any NEO is terminated by us for “cause” or by the NEO without “good reason,” we will pay him (i) accrued but unpaid salary and benefits and (ii) any earned but unpaid bonus from the prior year.
If the employment of any NEO is terminated due to his death or disability we will pay to him (i) accrued but unpaid salary and benefits, (ii) any earned but unpaid bonus from the prior year, (iii) a pro-rated bonus for the current year and (iv) a lump-sum payment equal to his annual base salary plus his target bonus for the current year.
If the employment of any NEO is terminated by us without cause or by the NEO for good reason, we will pay to him (i) accrued but unpaid salary and benefits, (ii) any earned but unpaid bonus from the prior year, (iii) a pro-rated bonus for the current year and (iv) a severance payment equal to two times his annual base salary plus his target bonus for the current year. In addition, the vesting of the NEO’s outstanding equity awards will be accelerated, and he will be released from his non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions.
If the employment of any NEO is terminated by us without cause or by the NEO for good reason in the three months prior to or twelve months following a change in control, we will pay to him (i) accrued but unpaid salary and benefits, (ii) any earned but unpaid bonus from the prior year, (iii) the NEO’s target bonus for the year in which the termination occurs (or if greater, the year in which the change in control occurs) and (iv) a severance payment equal to three times his annual base salary plus target bonus. In addition, the vesting of the officer’s outstanding equity awards will be accelerated, and he will be released from his non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End December 31, 2013
As of December 31, 2013, there were no outstanding equity awards to our NEOs. In August 2014, Mr. Rizai, Mr. Vanderploeg and Mr. Trom were each granted options to purchase 450,000 common units at an exercise price of $6.27 per common unit as part of a broader grant of options to employees under the 2009 Unit Incentive Plan.


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Employee Benefit Plans
The principal features of our equity incentive plans and our 401(k) plan are summarized below. These summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the actual text of the plans, which, other than the 401(k) plan, are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
2014 Equity Incentive Plan
We anticipate that our board of directors and stockholders will adopt and approve our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the Plan), which will become effective immediately prior to this offering. The purpose of the Plan is to enable us to grant equity-based incentive awards intended to attract, motivate and retain qualified employees, non-employee directors and consultants, and to align their financial interests with those of our stockholders. The following is a brief summary of the anticipated material terms of our Plan, which will be subject to the actual terms of the Plan.
Eligibility. The Plan will permit the grant of incentive stock options (ISOs), within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), to our and any of our subsidiaries’ employees, and the grant of nonqualified stock options (NQSOs), stock appreciation rights (SARs), restricted stock, restricted stock units, unrestricted stock grants, performance stock, performance stock units and other forms of equity-based awards to our and any of our affiliates’ (or, if necessary to avoid the imposition of additional taxes under Section 409A of the Code, our subsidiaries’) employees, non-employee directors and consultants.
Authorized Shares. After giving effect to the corporate conversion, we expect to reserve 10,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock for issuance under the Plan (which is also the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the Plan through ISOs). If any award expires, terminates or is cancelled or forfeited or is settled in cash rather than shares of our common stock, the number of shares with respect to which such award expired or was terminated, cancelled, forfeited or settled in cash shall again be available for awards under the Plan. If an award is exercised by surrendering shares of our common stock or by withholding shares subject to the award as full or partial payment, or if tax withholding requirements are met by surrendering our common stock or withholding shares of our common stock subject to the award, only the net number of shares issued will be considered delivered under the Plan for purposes of the number of shares available for awards under the Plan.     
Section 162(m) . When Section 162(m) of the Code becomes applicable to us, after giving effect to the corporate conversion, we expect that the maximum aggregate number of shares of our Class A common stock subject to awards that may be granted during any calendar year to any employee will be 1,000,000 shares and the maximum amount payable in cash to certain of our executive officers for any calendar year may not exceed the fair market value (determined as of the date of vesting or payout, as applicable) of 1,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock.
Administration. In general, the Plan will be administered by our Compensation Committee. Subject to the discretion of the board of directors, our Compensation Committee will consist of not fewer than two directors, taking into consideration the “outside director” rules under Section 162(m) of the Code, the “non-employee director” requirements of Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, and the rules regarding “independent directors” of the New York Stock Exchange. Our Compensation Committee has delegated to our chief executive officer the authority to grant awards to employees, non-employee directors and consultants, other than individuals subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, and to determine the terms and conditions of those awards, subject to the limitations of the Plan and such other limitations and guidelines as our Compensation Committee may deem appropriate. Subject to the terms of the Plan, our Compensation Committee may select the persons who will receive awards, the types of awards to be granted, the purchase price (if any) to be paid for shares covered by the awards, and the vesting (including acceleration of vesting),


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forfeiture and other terms and conditions of the awards, and will have the authority to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for administration of the Plan. Our Compensation Committee will also have the ability to construe and interpret the terms and provisions of the Plan and any award agreement relating to the Plan.
Stock Options. We may issue NQSOs and ISOs under the Plan. The terms and conditions of any options granted to a participant will be set forth in an award agreement and, subject to the terms of the Plan, will be determined by our Compensation Committee. The exercise price of any option granted under the Plan must be at least equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date the option is granted (110% of fair market value in the case of ISOs granted to 10% stockholders). The maximum term of an option granted under the Plan is ten years. Subject to the terms of the Plan, our Compensation Committee will determine the vesting and other terms and conditions of options granted under the Plan, and our Compensation Committee will have the authority to accelerate the vesting of any option in its sole discretion. Unless the applicable option award agreement provides otherwise, in the event of an optionee’s termination of employment or service for any reason other than for cause, disability or death, the optionee’s options (to the extent exercisable at the time of termination) generally will remain exercisable until 90 days after such termination (in the case of an ISO) or such longer period of time as may be determined by the Plan administrator (in the case of an NQSO) and will then expire. Unless the applicable option agreement provides otherwise, in the event of an optionee’s termination of employment or service due to disability or death, such optionee’s options (to the extent exercisable at the time of termination) generally will remain exercisable until one year after such termination and will then expire. Options that were not exercisable on the date of termination for any reason other than for cause will expire at the close of business on the date of such termination. In the event of an optionee’s termination of employment or service for cause, the optionee’s outstanding options will expire at the commencement of business on the date of such termination. In no event may an option be exercised after the expiration of its term.
Stock Appreciation Rights. A SAR allows its holder to receive payment from us equal to the amount by which the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the exercise date exceeds the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant of the SAR. The terms and conditions of SARs granted to a participant will be determined by our Compensation Committee and will be set forth in an award agreement. Under the Plan, our Compensation Committee may grant SARs in conjunction with the grant of options or on a stand-alone basis. If our Compensation Committee grants a SAR with an option award, then the holder can exercise the SAR at any time during the life of the related option, but the exercise will proportionately reduce the number of shares covered by the related option. The holder can exercise stand-alone SARs during the period determined by our Compensation Committee in the award agreement. Upon the exercise of a SAR, the holder receives cash or shares of our common stock, or a combination thereof, in the discretion of our Compensation Committee. In the event of a holder’s termination of employment or service, free-standing SARs will be exercisable at such times and subject to such terms and conditions determined by our Compensation Committee on or after the date of grant, while SARs granted in conjunction with the grant of an option will be exercisable at such times and subject to terms and conditions applicable to the related option.
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units. The terms and conditions of any restricted stock awards or restricted stock units granted to a participant will be set forth in an award agreement and, subject to the terms of the Plan, will be determined by our Compensation Committee. Under a restricted stock award, we issue shares of our common stock to the recipient of the award, subject to any vesting conditions and transfer restrictions that lapse over time or upon achievement of performance conditions. Restricted stock units represent the right to receive shares of our Class A common stock, or an equivalent value in cash, in the future, with the right to the future delivery of the shares or cash subject to any vesting conditions that lapse over time or other restrictions that will lapse upon satisfaction of specified conditions. Our Compensation Committee will determine the vesting schedule and performance objectives, if any, applicable to each


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restricted stock award and restricted stock unit award. Subject to the terms of the Plan and the applicable award agreement, our Compensation Committee has the sole discretion to provide for the lapse of restrictions in installments or the acceleration or waiver of restrictions (in whole or part) under certain circumstances including, without limitation, the attainment of certain performance goals, a participant’s termination of employment or service or a participant’s death or disability. The recipient of an award of restricted stock under the Plan may vote and receive dividends on the shares of restricted stock covered by the award. The recipient of a restricted stock unit award under the Plan will have no rights as a stockholder until share certificates are issued by us, but, at the discretion of our Compensation Committee, will have the right to receive a “dividend equivalent” (generally a credit equal to the cash or stock dividends paid on the number of shares subject to the award). Any dividend equivalents will be deemed re-invested in additional restricted stock units based on the fair market value of a share of our Class A common stock on the dividend payment date and rounded down to the nearest whole share. Generally, if the recipient of a restricted stock or restricted stock unit award terminates employment or service, any unvested shares will be forfeited by the holder of the award. If specifically provided for by our Compensation Committee in an award agreement, the Plan permits the deferral of Class A common stock issuable upon the lapse of the restrictions applicable to restricted stock or restricted stock units, subject to such rules and procedures as our Compensation Committee may establish. Additionally, our Compensation Committee may grant restricted stock units with a deferral feature, whereby settlement is deferred beyond the vesting date until the occurrence of a future payment date or event set forth in the award agreement.
Performance Stock Units/Performance Stock. Performance stock units and performance stock are awards that are payable in cash or shares of our common stock upon the achievement of specified performance goals established in advance by our Compensation Committee. Performance stock is an award that has an initial value equal to one share of our Class A common stock. A performance stock unit is an award that has an initial value equal to a specified dollar amount. The value of performance stock or performance stock units at the end of the applicable performance period will depend on whether and the extent to which the specified performance goals are achieved.
Stock Grants. Our Compensation Committee may make a grant of unrestricted Class A common stock to employees, non-employee directors and consultants .
Performance Goals. Our Compensation Committee may grant awards of performance stock units or performance stock that are intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code. These awards may be granted, vest and be paid based upon the attainment of specified performance goals established by our Compensation Committee. Any one or more of the following performance factors may be used by our Compensation Committee in establishing performance goals for awards intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation”: (i) net earnings or net income (before or after taxes); (ii) basic or diluted earnings per share (before or after taxes); (iii) pre- or after-tax income (before or after allocation of corporate overhead and bonus); (iv) operating income (before or after taxes); (v) net sales or net sales growth; (vi) gross profit or gross profit growth; (vii) net operating profit (before or after taxes); (viii) earnings, including earnings before or after taxes, interest, depreciation and/or amortization; (ix) return measures (including, but not limited to, return on assets, net assets, capital, total capital, tangible capital, invested capital, equity, sales, or total stockholder return); (x) cash flow (including, but not limited to, operating cash flow, free cash flow, cash flow return on capital, cash flow return on investment, and cash flow per share (before or after dividends); (xi) margins, gross or operating margins, or cash margins; (xii) share price (including, but not limited to, growth measures and total stockholder return); (xiii) expense or cost targets; (xiv) objective measures of customer satisfaction; (xv) working capital targets; (xvi) measures of economic value added, or economic value-added models or equivalent metrics; (xvii) debt targets; (xviii) stockholder equity; or (xix) implementation, completion or attainment of measurable objectives with respect to business development, acquisitions and divestitures, and recruiting and maintaining personnel.


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To the extent permitted by law, our Compensation Committee may also exclude the impact of an event or occurrence that our Compensation Committee determines should be appropriately excluded, such as: (i) restructurings, discontinued operations, extraordinary items and other unusual or non-recurring charges; (ii) an event either not directly related to our operations or not within the reasonable control of management; or (iii) a change in tax law or accounting standards required by generally accepted accounting principles.
Performance goals may also be based on an individual participant’s performance goals, as determined by our Compensation Committee. In addition, all performance goals may be based upon the attainment of specified levels of our performance, or the performance of a subsidiary, division or other operational unit, under one or more of the measures described above relative to the performance of other corporations. Our Compensation Committee may designate additional business criteria on which the performance goals may be based or adjust, modify or amend those criteria in accordance with the requirements of Section 162(m).
Award Agreements. Awards granted under the Plan will be evidenced by award agreements, which need not be identical, that provide terms, conditions, restrictions or limitations covering the grant of the award, including, without limitation, terms providing for the acceleration of exercisability or vesting of awards in the event of a change in control or conditions regarding the participant’s employment or service, as determined by our Compensation Committee in accordance with the Plan.
Transferability of Awards. In general, awards granted under the Plan may not be transferred or assigned, except as may be permitted by our Compensation Committee in accordance with applicable law.
Capital Changes. In the event of certain changes in our capitalization, such as a reorganization, stock split, merger or similar change in our corporate structure or the number of outstanding shares of our common stock, our Compensation Committee will make appropriate adjustments to the aggregate and individual share limits and to the number, class and/or exercise price under outstanding awards in order to prevent undue diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits available under the Plan. Our Compensation Committee may also provide, in its sole discretion, for the cancellation of any outstanding award in exchange for a payment in cash or other property having an aggregate fair market value of the shares of common stock covered by such award, reduced by the aggregate exercise price or purchase price thereof, if any.
Change in Control; Corporate Transactions. Regardless of the vesting requirements that otherwise apply to an award under the Plan, unless our Compensation Committee determines otherwise in an award agreement, all outstanding awards will fully vest, any restrictions on outstanding awards will lapse and any performance conditions will be deemed to be fully achieved upon a “change in control” (as defined in the Plan). In the event of a corporate transaction (such as, for example, a merger, consolidation, acquisition of property or stock, separation, reorganization or liquidation), our Compensation Committee has the discretion to take any of the following actions with respect to awards granted under the Plan without the consent of any participant: accelerate the date on which awards vest or become exercisable; terminate all or a portion of outstanding awards after providing participants an opportunity to exercise, in the case of an outstanding option or SAR; convert awards to awards of the surviving corporation; or change the terms of any outstanding award in order to reflect the corporate transaction. The completion of this offering will not be a change in control or a corporate transaction under the Plan.
Amendment and Termination. Our board of directors has the authority to amend or terminate the Plan, provided such action does not adversely affect then outstanding awards without the consent of the affected participant. Amendments to the Plan will be subject to stockholder approval if such approval is necessary in order to satisfy applicable legal or stock exchange listing requirements. Unless sooner terminated, the Plan will automatically terminate on the tenth anniversary of its effective date. We intend to file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-8 covering the shares issuable under the Plan.


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Federal Income Tax Consequences Relating to Awards Granted Pursuant to the Plan
The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax consequences of the issuance, receipt and exercise of stock options and the granting and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units, in each case under the Plan. The summary does not cover federal employment tax or other federal tax consequences that may be associated with the Plan, nor does it cover state, local or non-U.S. taxes.
Incentive Stock Options. There are no federal income tax consequences associated with the grant or exercise of an ISO, so long as the holder of the option was our employee at all times during the period beginning on the grant date and ending on the date three months before the exercise date. The “spread” between the exercise price and the fair market value of our common stock on the exercise date, however, is an adjustment for purposes of the alternative minimum tax. The holder of an ISO defers income tax on the stock’s appreciation until he or she sells the shares. Upon a sale of the shares, the holder realizes a long-term capital gain (or loss) if he or she sells the shares at least two years after the ISO grant date and has held the shares for at least one year. The capital gain (or loss) equals the difference between the sales price and the exercise price of the shares. If the holder disposes of the shares before the expiration of these periods, then he or she recognizes ordinary income at the time of the sale (or other disqualifying disposition) equal to the lesser of (i) the gain he or she realized on the sale, and (ii) the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of the shares on the exercise date. This ordinary income is treated as compensation for tax purposes. The holder will treat any additional gain as short-term or long-term capital gain, depending on whether he or she has held the shares for at least one year from the exercise date. If the holder does not satisfy the employment requirement described above, then he or she recognizes ordinary income (treated as compensation) at the time he or she exercises the ISO under the tax rules applicable to the exercise of a nonqualified stock option. We are entitled to an income tax deduction to the extent that an option holder realizes ordinary income.
Nonqualified Stock Options. In general, in the case of a NQSO, the participant has no taxable income at the time of grant but realizes income in connection with exercise of the option in an amount equal to the excess (at the time of exercise) of the fair market value of the shares acquired upon exercise over the exercise price assuming the exercise price is not less than the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant. Income and payroll tax withholding will be due at that time. A corresponding deduction is available to us. Any gain or loss recognized upon a subsequent sale or exchange of the shares is treated as capital gain or loss for which we are not entitled to a deduction.
Restricted Stock. Unless a participant makes an election to accelerate the recognition of income to the date of grant as described below, the participant will not recognize income, and we will not be allowed a tax deduction, at the time a restricted stock award is granted. When the restrictions lapse, the participant will recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of our common stock as of that date, less any amount paid for the stock, and we will be allowed a corresponding tax deduction at that time and income and payroll tax withholding may be due. If the participant files an election under Section 83(b) of the Code within 30 days after the date of grant of the restricted stock, the participant will recognize ordinary income as of the date of grant equal to the fair market value of the common stock as of that date, less any amount the participant paid for the common stock and income and tax withholding may be due, and we will be allowed a corresponding tax deduction at that time. Any future appreciation in the common stock would then be taxable to the participant at capital gains rates, provided the stock is held for more than one year. However, if the restricted stock award is later forfeited, the participant will not be able to recover the tax previously paid pursuant to the participant’s Section 83(b) election.
Restricted Stock Units. A participant does not recognize income, and we will not be allowed a tax deduction, at the time a restricted stock unit is granted. When the restricted stock units vest and are settled for cash or stock, the participant generally will be required to recognize as income an amount equal to the amount of cash or the fair market value of the shares received on the date of settlement. Any gain or loss


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recognized upon a subsequent sale or exchange of the stock (if settled in stock) is treated as capital gain or loss for which we are not entitled to a tax deduction. Such gain will be long-term capital gain or loss if the stock is held for more than one year.
Stock Appreciation Rights . A participant does not recognize income, and we will not be allowed a tax deduction, at the time SARs are granted. Upon exercise of a SAR, the holder of the SAR recognizes ordinary income in the amount of the appreciation paid to him or her. This ordinary income is treated as compensation to the recipient for tax purposes and may be subject to income and payroll tax withholding. We receive a corresponding tax deduction in the same amount that the individual recognizes as income.
Performance Stock and Performance Stock Units . A participant does not recognize income, and we will not be allowed a tax deduction, at the time performance stock or performance stock units are granted. The holder recognizes ordinary income (treated as compensation to him or her) upon a payment on the performance stock or the performance stock units in amount equal to the payment received and income and payroll tax withholding may be due, and we receive a corresponding tax deduction.
Code Section 162(m). Section 162(m) of the Code denies a federal income tax deduction for certain compensation in excess of $1,000,000 per year paid to the chief executive officer and the three other most highly-paid executive officers of a publicly traded corporation (other than the chief financial officer). Certain types of performance-based compensation are excluded from the deduction limit if certain requirements are met. Awards of stock options and stock appreciation rights under the Plan are intended to be exempt from the deduction limits under Section 162(m) of the Code. At the discretion of our Compensation Committee, performance stock and performance stock units may be granted under the Plan in a manner that exempts them from Section 162(m) of the Code.
Code Section 409A. Section 409A of the Code provides for the imposition of an excise tax on participants in nonqualified deferred compensation arrangements where those arrangements are not not in compliance with Section 409A. Generally, Section 409A will not apply to awards granted under the Plan but may apply in some cases to restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock and performance stock units. For awards subject to Section 409A, there may be a delay of up to six months in the settlement of the awards for certain of our officers.
2009 Unit Incentive Plan
We have adopted the 2009 Unit Incentive Plan, as amended in July 2010 and October 2012 (the 2009 Plan). At September 30, 2014 , there were outstanding options to purchase 15,095,225 common units, and the remaining number of common and appreciation units authorized to be granted was 1,365,038 . All outstanding options to purchase common units under the 2009 Plan will automatically be converted into options to purchase Class A common stock following the corporate conversion. Upon the effectiveness of the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, no further awards will be issued under the 2009 Plan.
401(k) Plan
We sponsor a defined contribution plan intended to qualify for favorable tax treatment under Section 401(a) of the Code, containing a cash or deferred feature that is intended to meet the requirements of Section 401(k) of the Code. U.S. employees are generally eligible to participate in the plan on their hire date. Participants may make pre-tax contributions to the plan from their eligible earnings up to the statutorily prescribed annual limit on pre-tax contributions under the Code. Pre-tax contributions by participants and the income earned on those contributions are generally not taxable to participants until withdrawn. Participant contributions are held in trust as required by law. No minimum benefit is provided under the plan. An employee’s interest in his or her pre-tax deferrals is 100% vested when contributed. The plan allows us to make, in our discretion, employer matching or non-elective contributions on behalf of employees who


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complete at least 1,000 hours of service during a plan year and who are employed by us on the last day of that plan year. Discretionary employer matching and non-elective contributions become 25% vested after one year of service, and continue vesting thereafter at 25% per year until 100% vested following four years of service.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification Matters
Our certificate of incorporation that will become effective upon the corporate conversion contains provisions that limit the liability of our directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL). Consequently, our directors will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:
any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;
any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the DGCL; or
any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
Our bylaws that will become effective upon the corporate conversion require us to indemnify our directors and officers to the maximum extent not prohibited by the DGCL and allow us to indemnify other employees and agents as set forth in the DGCL. Subject to certain limitations, our bylaws will also require us to advance expenses incurred by our directors and officers for the defense of any action for which indemnification is required or permitted. In addition, under the DGCL, we may be required to indemnify our directors and officers under certain circumstances.
We intend to enter into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, in addition to the indemnification under our certificate of incorporation and bylaws. These agreements, among other things, will provide that we will indemnify our directors and executive officers for certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, penalties and settlement amounts incurred by a director or executive officer in any action or proceeding arising out of such person’s services as one of our directors or executive officers, or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. We believe that these provisions and agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and executive officers.


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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
We have not been a party to any transactions since January 1, 2011 in which the amount involved exceeded the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at the end of the last two recent fiscal years and in which any of our executive officers, directors or beneficial holders of more than five percent of our capital stock had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than the arrangements described below or under the section of this prospectus entitled “Executive Compensation.”
Conversion to a Corporation
Prior to the issuance of any of our shares of common stock in this offering, we will convert from a Delaware limited liability company into a Delaware corporation and change our name from Workiva LLC to Workiva Inc. In order to consummate the corporate conversion, a certificate of conversion will be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. In conjunction with the corporate conversion, all of our outstanding equity units will automatically be converted into shares of our common stock and all of our outstanding options to purchase equity units will be converted into options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock. The ratio at which each class of outstanding equity units will be converted into shares of our common stock and the ratio at which outstanding options to purchase equity units will be converted into options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock will be determined using a formula based on the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of the last preliminary prospectus filed prior to the completion of the corporate conversion. For more detailed information, we refer you to the form of the plan of conversion that is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
The shares of our common stock issued upon the corporate conversion that will be beneficially owned by our executive officers who were our managing directors immediately prior to the corporate conversion will comprise our Class B common stock. All other shares of our common stock issued upon the corporate conversion will consist of our Class A common stock. See “Description of Capital Stock” for additional information regarding the terms of our common stock following the corporate conversion.
Upon completion of the corporate conversion and this offering, and based on an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), the former holders of equity units will beneficially own an aggregate of approximately % of our common stock (or % if the underwriters’ option to acquire additional shares of common stock is exercised in full) and will control an aggregate of approximately % of the combined voting power of our Class A and Class B common stock (or % if the underwriters’ option to acquire additional shares of common stock is exercised in full).
Employment Agreements
We intend to enter into agreements containing compensation, termination and change of control provisions, among others, with certain of our executive officers as described in “Executive Compensation—Employment Agreements” and “Executive Compensation—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change-In-Control.”
Loan Agreement; Personal Guarantee
In August 2011, we borrowed $1,000,000 from Mr. Vanderploeg, our Chief Operating Officer and a Managing Director, at an interest rate of 7%. This loan was repaid in full in August 2012. The total amount of interest paid to Mr. Vanderploeg under this loan was $75,833.
Mr. Vanderploeg also provided a personal guarantee of the non-interest bearing loan we obtained from the Iowa Economic Development Authority in May 2010. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial


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Statements—“Debt.” The initial principal amount of the loan was $500,000 . We are required to make monthly payments of $8,333 until maturity in August 2015. As of September 30, 2014 , the outstanding balance of the loan was $92,000 .
Issuance of Series C Preferred Units
From November to December 2011, we issued 7% convertible notes due December 2016 in an aggregate original principal amount of $10.1 million. As part of this financing, we sold notes in the principal amount of $100,000, $500,000 and $1,250,000, respectively, to Robert H. Herz, a nominee for director, David S. Mulcahy, a nominee for director, and several funds affiliated with Bluestem Capital Company, L.L.C. (Bluestem), which following the corporate conversion will be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of our Class A common stock. In multiple closings from October to December 2012, the total outstanding principal and interest of $107,575, $532,986 and $1,332,466 due to Mr. Herz, Mr. Mulcahy and Bluestem, respectively, was converted at the rate of $4.50 per unit into 23,905, 118,441 and 296,102 Series C preferred units, respectively.
In addition, from October 2012 to February 2013, we sold an aggregate of 7,479,945 Series C preferred units at a purchase price of $5.00 per unit for an aggregate purchase price of $37.4 million . As part of this financing, we sold 20,000, 140,000 and 2,213,000 Series C preferred units at a purchase price of $5.00 per unit to Mr. Herz, Mr. Mulcahy and Bluestem, respectively.
Consulting Services
Robert H. Herz LLC, a consulting company that is wholly-owned by Robert H. Herz, a nominee for director, has provided us with consulting services on financial reporting and other matters since 2012. We have paid Robert H. Herz LLC aggregate consulting fees of $173,700, $352,200 and $146,575 in 2012, 2013 and 2014 (year-to-date), respectively.
Separation Agreements
Jerome Behar, who was one of our founders and following the corporate conversion will be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of our Class A common stock, resigned as a Managing Director of Workiva in March 2013. At that time, we entered into a Separation Agreement and General Release with Mr. Behar pursuant to which we agreed to pay Mr. Behar severance equal to his monthly base compensation of $18,750 for a period of twenty-four months. In addition, we agreed to maintain Mr. Behar on our medical and dental plans through March 2015 and provide him with a complimentary license to use our products. In addition, Mr. Behar agreed to certain restrictive covenants, including non-competition, the breach of which would result in the termination of the payments and benefits under the agreement.
Daniel J. Murray, who was one of our founders and following the corporate conversion will be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of our Class A common stock, resigned as a Managing Director of Workiva in April 2013. At that time, we entered into a Separation Agreement and General Release with Mr. Murray pursuant to which we agreed to pay Mr. Murray severance equal to his monthly base compensation of $18,750 for a period of twenty-four months. In addition, we agreed to maintain Mr. Murray on our medical and dental plans through April 2015. In addition, Mr. Murray agreed to certain restrictive covenants, including non-competition, the breach of which would result in the termination of the payments and benefits under the agreement.
Convertible Note     
In July 2014, we issued a subordinated promissory note totaling $5.0 million with a 7% coupon rate and maturing January 31, 2016 to a fund affiliated with Bluestem, which following the corporate conversion will be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of our Class A common stock. The note contains an


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option to convert outstanding principal and paid-in-kind interest into our Class A common stock upon successful completion of an initial public offering at a 10% discount to the offering price. If Bluestem does not elect to convert prior to the consummation of this offering, it loses the right to convert, and the coupon rate will adjust to 10%, payable monthly in arrears, for the remainder of the term. In the event that, prior to the consummation of our initial public offering, we experience a change of control of the company or we issue securities with an aggregate offering amount greater than $20 million in a private offering, we will be required to redeem the note for an amount equal to 110% of the aggregate of the outstanding principal amount and accrued interest on the note.
Indemnification Agreements with our Directors and Officers
We intend to enter into indemnification agreements, effective upon the corporate conversion, with each of our directors and executive officers. The indemnification agreements and our bylaws will require us to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Subject to certain limitations, the indemnification agreements and our bylaws will also require us to advance expenses incurred by our directors and officers. For more information regarding these agreements, see “Executive Compensation—Limitations on Liability and Indemnification Matters.”
Procedures for Approval of Related-Party Transactions
In connection with this offering, we will adopt a written policy relating to the approval of related-party transactions. We will review all relationships and transactions in which we and our directors and executive officers or their immediate family members are participants to determine whether such persons have a direct or indirect material interest. Our legal staff will be primarily responsible for the development and implementation of processes and controls to obtain information from our directors and executive officers with respect to related-party transactions and for determining, based on the facts and circumstances, whether we or a related person have a direct or indirect material interest in the transaction.
In addition, our Audit Committee will review and approve or ratify any related-party transaction reaching a certain threshold of significance. In approving or rejecting any such transaction, we expect that our Audit Committee will consider the relevant facts and circumstances available and deemed relevant to the Audit Committee.
Any member of the Audit Committee who is a related person with respect to a transaction under review will not be permitted to participate in the deliberations or vote on approval or ratification of the transaction.



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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
There are no selling stockholders in this offering. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of , referred to in the table below as the “Beneficial Ownership Date,” and as adjusted to reflect the automatic conversion of all outstanding equity units into Class A or Class B common stock upon the corporate conversion, and the sale of shares of our Class A common stock offered by this prospectus, by:
each beneficial owner of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of our Class A or Class B common stock;
each of our directors and director nominees;
each of our named executive officers; and
all directors, director nominees and executive officers as a group.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of common stock subject to options or issuable under convertible securities held by that person that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the Beneficial Ownership Date are deemed outstanding, but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on shares of common stock outstanding as of the Beneficial Ownership Date and shares of common stock outstanding after this offering, assuming the completion of the corporate conversion and assuming an offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus. The percentage of beneficial ownership assuming the underwriters exercise their option in full to purchase additional shares of common stock is based on shares of common stock outstanding after the offering and exercise of such option.
To our knowledge, except as set forth in the footnotes to this table and subject to any applicable community property laws, each person named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares set forth opposite such person’s name. Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each of the persons in this table is c/o Workiva Inc., 2900 University Blvd., Ames, IA 50010.


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Common stock owned before the offering
 
% of total voting power before the offering
 
Common stock owned after the offering if underwriters’ option is not exercised (1)
 
% total voting power after the offering if underwriters’ option is not exercised (1)
 
 
Class A
Class B
 
 
Class A
Class B
 
Name of Beneficial Owner
 
Number
%
Number
%
 
 
Number
%
Number
%
 
Named Executive Officers and Directors :
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D. (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Martin Vanderploeg, Ph.D. (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Jeffrey Trom, Ph.D. (4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael M. Crow, Ph.D.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Robert H. Herz (5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eugene S. Katz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
David S. Mulcahy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Suku V. Radia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All executive officers, directors and director nominees as a group (12 persons)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5% Stockholders :
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joseph H. Howell (6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael S. Sellberg (7)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lake Living Trust (8)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Daniel Murray (9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bluestem Funds (10)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) If the over-allotment option is exercised in full, the common stock owned after the offering will be as follows:
 
 
Common stock owned after the offering if underwriters’ option is exercised in full
 
% of total voting power after the offering if underwriters’ option is exercised in full
 
 
Class A
Class B
 
Name of Beneficial Owner
 
Number
%
Number
%
 
Named Executive Officers and Directors :
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D. (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Martin Vanderploeg, Ph.D. (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Jeffrey Trom, Ph.D. (4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael M. Crow, Ph.D.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Robert H. Herz (5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eugene S. Katz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
David S. Mulcahy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Suku V. Radia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All executive officers, directors and director nominees as a group (12 persons)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5% Stockholders :
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joseph H. Howell (6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael S. Sellberg (7)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lake Living Trust (8)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Daniel Murray (9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bluestem Funds (10)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(2) Shares owned consist of shares owned directly by Mr. Rizai, shares owned by Mr. Rizai and Svetlana Skopcenko as trustees u/a dated August 7, 2013 creating Marital Trust, of which Mr. Rizai has sole voting power and Mr. Rizai and Svetlana Skopcenko have shared dispositive power, and shares owned by family trusts of which Barbara Schlaff is the trustee and has entered into an


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irrevocable proxy under which she has granted sole voting power to Mr. Rizai for so long as the family trusts hold such shares. Ms. Schlaff has sole dispositive power as to such shares.
(3) Shares owned consist of  shares owned directly by Mr. Vanderploeg; shares owned by the Matthew and Tonja Rizai Charitable Remainder Trust, of which Mr. Vanderploeg is trustee; shares owned by the Jeffrey Dean Trom Charitable Remainder Trust, of which Mr. Vanderploeg is trustee; and shares owned by the Martin J. Vanderploeg 2001 Revocable Living Trust, of which Mr. Vanderploeg is trustee.
(4) Shares owned consist of  shares owned directly by Mr. Trom and shares owned by the Martin J. Vanderploeg Charitable Remainder Trust, of which Mr. Trom is trustee.
(5) Shares owned consist of shares owned directly and shares subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days.
(6) Shares owned consist of  shares owned directly by Mr. Howell and shares owned by the Joseph H. and Patricia G. Howell Revocable Living Trust, of which Mr. and Mrs. Howell are trustees and have shared voting and investment power.
(7) Shares owned consist of shares owned directly by Mr. Sellberg and shares held by Lorna Sellberg, as to which Mr. Sellberg has sole voting power for so long as Ms. Sellberg holds such shares. Ms. Sellberg has sole dispositive power as to such shares.
(8) The trustee of the Lake Living Trust is Lisa Greenberg, whose address is 5758 Geary Blvd. Suite 304, San Francisco, CA 94121.  The settlor of the Lake Living Trust, which is a revocable trust, the Behar Living Trust may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the shares held by the Lake Living Trust.  The settlors of the Behar Living Trust, which is a revocable trust, Jerome M. and Leslie F. Behar may be deemed to be the beneficial owners of the shares beneficially owned by the Behar Living Trust.  The address of Mr. and Mrs. Behar is 4966 El Camino Real Suite 115, Los Altos, CA 94022.
(9) Shares owned consist of shares owned directly by Mr. Murray and shares owned by family trusts of which Mr. Murray is the trustee.
(10) Shares owned before the offering consist of (i)         shares held of record by Bluestem Capital Company, L.L.C.; (ii)          shares held of record by Bluestem Capital Investments, LLC; (iii)         shares held of record by Bluestem Capital Appreciation Fund, LLC; (iv)           shares held of record by Bluestem Diversified Assets, LLC; and (v)              shares held of record by Bluestem Core Strategies Fund, L.L.C. Shares owned after the offering consist of (x) all shares owned before the offering and (y)           shares to be acquired upon the conversion upon completion of this offering of a convertible promissory note issued in July 2014 to Bluestem Capital Appreciation Fund, LLC in an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million plus accrued interest into             shares of Class A common stock (based on an assumed closing date for this offering of         ,      and an assumed initial public offering price of $            per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus). Bluestem Capital Company, L.L.C., as the managing member of each of Bluestem Capital Appreciation Fund, LLC, Bluestem Diversified Assets, LLC, and Bluestem Core Strategies Fund, L.L.C., has the sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares held by these entities. Bluestem Capital Company, L.L.C. is managed by its sole manager, Steven Kirby, who has the sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares beneficially owned by Bluestem Capital Company, L.L.C. All action relating to the disposition of the shares held by Bluestem Capital Investments, LLC requires the approval of three out of the four following individuals: Mr. Kirby, Tyler Stowater, Sandy Horst, and Nikole Mulder. Mr. Kirby, the managing member of Bluestem Capital Investments, LLC, has sole voting power with respect to the shares owned by Bluestem Capital Investments, LLC. Mr. Kirby, Ms. Horst and Joni Stowater, the spouse of Mr. Stowater, each own shares in their own name.  Ms. Horst disclaims ownership of the shares held by all of the Bluestem Funds other than Bluestem Capital Investments, LLC. The address of the Bluestem funds is 122 S Phillips Ave, Suite 300 Sioux Falls, SD 57104.



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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
General
The following is a summary of the rights of our common stock and preferred stock and related provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws that will be in effect upon the corporate conversion. For more detailed information, we refer you to the forms of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws to be adopted upon the corporate conversion that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Under our certificate of incorporation, we will have two classes of common stock: Class A common stock, which will have one vote per share, and Class B common stock, which will have ten votes per share. The beneficial owners of our Class B common stock will be our executive officers who were our managing directors immediately prior to the corporate conversion. Any holder of Class B common stock may convert all or a portion of his shares at any time into shares of Class A common stock on a share-for-share basis. In addition, Class B common stock will convert automatically into Class A common stock upon the occurrence of specified events, including any transfer, except for certain permitted transfers described below. Except as specified below, the holders of Class A and Class B common stock will vote together as a single class. Except as expressly provided in our certificate of incorporation, including with respect to voting rights and conversion rights, the rights of the two classes of common stock will be identical. In addition, our certificate of incorporation will authorize shares of undesignated preferred stock, the rights, preferences and privileges of which may be designated from time to time by our board of directors.
Upon completion of this offering, our authorized capital stock will consist of 1,600,000,000 shares, each with a par value of $0.001 per share, of which:
1,000,000,000 shares are designated as Class A common stock;
500,000,000 shares are designated as Class B common stock; and
100,000,000 shares are undesignated preferred stock.
As of , , after giving effect to the corporate conversion, we had outstanding shares of Class A common stock held of record by stockholders, shares of Class B common stock held of record by stockholders, and no shares of preferred stock, and shares of our Class A common stock were subject to outstanding options.
Common Stock
Dividend Rights
Subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available if our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and only then at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine. See “Dividend Policy” for more information.
Voting Rights
The holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share, and holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share. The holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class, unless otherwise required by our certificate of incorporation or law. Delaware law could require either holders of our Class A common stock or our Class B common stock to vote separately as a single class in the following circumstances:


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If we were to seek to amend our certificate of incorporation to increase or decrease the par value of a class of stock, then that class would be required to vote separately to approve the proposed amendment; and
If we were to seek to amend our certificate of incorporation in a manner that alters or changes the powers, preferences or special rights of a class of stock in a manner that affected its holders adversely, then that class would be required to vote separately to approve the proposed amendment.
In addition, the affirmative vote of the holders of the Class B common stock is required to amend the provisions of our certificate of incorporation that relate to our dual class structure.
Under our certificate of incorporation, we will not be able to engage in certain mergers or other transactions in which the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are not given the same consideration, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock, voting separately as a class, and Class B common stock, voting separately as a class. No such separate class vote will be required, however, if the holders of each class of common stock receive equity securities in the surviving entity with voting and related rights substantially similar to the rights of the class of common stock held by such holders prior to the merger or other transaction. In addition, following the corporate conversion we may not issue any shares of Class B common stock, other than shares issued in connection with stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and similar transactions.
Stockholders do not have the ability to cumulate votes for the election of directors. Our certificate of incorporation that will be in effect after the corporate conversion will provide for a classified board of directors consisting of three classes of approximately equal size, each serving staggered three-year terms. Only one class of directors will be elected at each annual meeting of our stockholders, with the other classes continuing for the remainder of their respective three-year terms.
No Preemptive or Similar Rights
Our common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to redemption or sinking fund provisions.
Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions
Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of our common stock, subject to prior satisfaction of all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights and payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Conversion
Our Class A common stock is not convertible into any other shares of capital stock. Each outstanding share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of Class A common stock. In addition, each share of Class B common stock will convert automatically into one share of Class A common stock upon the occurrence of specified events, including any transfer, whether or not for value, except for certain transfers described in our certificate of incorporation, including transfers to family members, trusts solely for the benefit of the stockholder or the stockholder’s family members, and individuals or entities controlled by the stockholder or the stockholder’s family members, and transfers by operation of law pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement. Each share of Class B common stock will also convert automatically into one share of Class A common stock upon the death of a Class B common stockholder, except if such shares are transferred in accordance with the foregoing sentence. Further, each share of Class B common stock will convert into one share of Class A common stock if such conversion is approved by the holders of at least two-thirds of the then-outstanding


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shares of Class B common stock. Once converted into Class A common stock, a share of Class B common stock may not be reissued.
Preferred Stock
Upon the closing of our initial public offering, no shares of preferred stock will be outstanding, but our board of directors will be authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each series and any of its qualifications, limitations or restrictions. Our board of directors also can increase or decrease the number of shares of any series, but not below the number of shares of that series then outstanding, without any further vote or action by our Class A stockholders. Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our Class A common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company and may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of Class A common stock. We have no current plan to issue any shares of preferred stock.
Options
As of , , and after giving effect to the corporate conversion, we had outstanding options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
So long as the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent a majority of the combined voting power of common stock, our Class B holders will, if voting together, effectively control all matters submitted to our stockholders for a vote, as well as the overall management and direction of our company, which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person from acquiring control of our company. In addition, the provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws may have the same effect.
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
Following the corporate conversion, we will be governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL. Section 203 generally restricts Delaware corporations from engaging, under some circumstances, in a business combination, which includes certain mergers or sales of at least 10% of the corporation’s assets, with any interested stockholder, which is generally defined to mean any person or entity that (i) is the owner of 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock, or (ii) or (y) is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and was the owner or 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at any time within the three-year period immediately prior to the date on which it is sought to be determined whether such person is an interested stockholder, and the affiliates and associates such person unless:
prior to the time the stockholder became an “interested stockholder,” the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder’s becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced; or


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at or subsequent to the time that the stockholder became an interested stockholder the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders (and not by written consent) by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.
A Delaware corporation may “opt out” of these provisions with an express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or an express provision in its certificate of incorporation or bylaws resulting from a stockholders’ amendment approved by at least a majority of the outstanding voting shares. We have not opted out of these provisions. As a result, mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts of us may be discouraged or prevented.
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaw Provisions
Following the corporate conversion, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws will include a number of provisions that may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying or preventing changes in control of our management team, including the following:
Dual Class Stock . As described above in “Common Stock—Voting Rights,” our certificate of incorporation will provide for a dual class common stock structure, which gives the beneficial owners of our Class B common stock the ability to control the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, even if they own significantly less than a majority of the shares of our outstanding Class A and Class B common stock on a combined basis. These matters include the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or our assets.
Supermajority Approvals . Our certificate of incorporation will provide that certain amendments to our certificate of incorporation or bylaws by stockholders will require the approval of two-thirds of the combined vote of our then-outstanding shares of Class A and Class B common stock. This will have the effect of making it more difficult to amend our certificate of incorporation or bylaws to remove or modify any existing provisions.
Board of Directors Vacancies. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws will authorize only our board of directors, and not our stockholders, to fill vacant directorships. These provisions could prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our board of directors and gaining control of our board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees.
Classified Board. Under our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors will be divided into three classes of directors, each of which will hold office for a three-year term. In addition, directors may only be removed from the board of directors for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the combined voting power of the then-outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock. The existence of a classified board could delay a successful tender offeror from obtaining majority control of our board of directors, and the prospect of that delay might deter a potential offeror.
Stockholder Action; Special Meeting of Stockholders. Our certificate of incorporation will not permit our stockholders to take action by written consent following the closing of this offering, and as a result, they will only be able to take action at annual or special meetings of our stockholders. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws further provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by a majority of our total number of directors, the chairman of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, or our president (in the absence of a chief executive officer). This could have the effect of preventing or delaying significant corporate actions that would otherwise be taken by the holders of at least a majority of the combined voting power of our Class A and Class B common stock.


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Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations. Our bylaws will provide advance notice procedures for stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at any meeting of stockholders. Our bylaws also will specify certain requirements regarding the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions may deter our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our meetings of stockholders.
Authorized but Unissued Shares; Undesignated Preferred Stock. The authorized but unissued shares of our Class A common stock will be available for future issuance without stockholder approval. These additional shares may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, corporate acquisitions and employee benefit plans. In addition, our board of directors may issue, without stockholder approval, up to 100,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by the board of directors. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of Class A common stock or preferred stock enables our board of directors to make more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise.
Choice of Forum
Following the corporate conversion, our certificate of incorporation will provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty owed to us; any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws; any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of any provision of our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws; or any action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable.
Lock-Up Provisions
Subject to certain limited exceptions, our certificate of incorporation will restrict the transfer of shares of our common stock other than shares of Class A common stock issued in this offering for 180 days following the date of this prospectus. In addition, subject to certain limited exceptions, our directors, executive officers and certain other stockholders have agreed pursuant to lock-up agreements with the representatives of the underwriters not to transfer their shares for 180 days following the date of this prospectus. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Lock-Up Restrictions” and “Underwriting” for more information.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification
See the section titled “Executive Compensation—Limitations on Liability and Indemnification Matters.”
Listing
We will apply to have our Class A common stock approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WK” effective upon the completion of the offering. Our Class B common stock will not be listed on any stock market or exchange.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Upon completion of this offering, the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock will be , located at .


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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has not been a public market for our capital stock. Future sales of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the possibility of these sales occurring, could cause the prevailing market price for our Class A common stock to fall or impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future. As described below, only a limited number of shares will be available for sale shortly after this offering due to contractual and legal restrictions on resale. Nevertheless, sales of our Class A common stock in the public market after these restrictions lapse, or the perception that those sales may occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price at that time and our ability to raise equity capital in the future.
Based on the number of shares outstanding as of , and after giving effect to the corporate conversion, upon the completion of this offering, shares of Class A common stock and shares of Class B common stock will be outstanding, assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option and no exercise of outstanding options. Of the outstanding shares, all of the shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable, except that any shares held by our affiliates, as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, may only be sold in compliance with the limitations described below.
After giving effect to the corporate conversion, we will have reserved 10,000,000 shares of Class A common stock for issuance upon exercise of options to be granted under our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. The grant of options to purchase shares of Class A common stock under our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan in the future is conditional on our having available a sufficient number of shares of capital stock authorized for issuance. In addition, immediately following this offering, after giving effect to the corporate conversion, options to purchase shares of Class A common stock under our 2009 Unit Incentive Plan will be outstanding.
Lock-Up Restrictions
Stockholders who hold our Class A or Class B common stock (other than shares of Class A common stock issued in this offering), or securities convertible into our Class A common stock, will be subject to lock-up provisions in our certificate of incorporation, under which they may not, subject to specific exceptions, sell any of our common stock for 180 days after the date of this prospectus, as described below. As a result of these provisions, subject to the provisions of Rule 144 or Rule 701, after giving effect to the corporate conversion, shares will be available for sale in the public market as follows:
Beginning on the date of this prospectus, unless released earlier, the shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering will be immediately available for sale in the public market; and
Beginning 181 days after the date of this prospectus, additional shares of common stock will become eligible for sale in the public market, subject in some cases to the volume and other restrictions of Rule 144, as described below.
The representatives of the underwriters may, at their discretion, remove or reduce the lock-up restrictions applicable to any number of shares of our common stock on terms and conditions and in ratios and numbers that it may fix in its sole discretion.
In addition, our directors, executive officers and certain other stockholders have entered into lock-up agreements with the representatives, under which they may not, subject to specific exceptions, sell any of our common stock for 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of the representatives. See “Underwriting.”
After the offering, our employees, including our executive officers and our directors, may enter into written trading plans that are intended to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Sales under these trading plans would not be permitted until the expiration of the lock-up provisions described above.


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Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, once we have been subject to public company reporting requirements for at least 90 days, a person who is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates for purposes of the Securities Act at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale and who has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, is entitled to sell those shares without complying with the manner of sale, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144, subject to compliance with the public information requirements of Rule 144. If such a person has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, then that person is entitled to sell those shares without complying with any of the requirements of Rule 144.
In general, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are entitled to sell upon the expiration of the lock-up agreements described above, within any three-month period beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:
1% of the number of shares of Class A common stock then outstanding, which will equal approximately shares immediately after our initial public offering; or
the average weekly trading volume of the common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such sale.
Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us.
Rule 701
Under Rule 701, common stock acquired upon the exercise of certain currently outstanding options or pursuant to other rights granted under our stock plans may be resold, to the extent not subject to lock-up agreements, (a) by persons other than affiliates, beginning 90 days after the effective date of this offering, and (b) by affiliates, subject to the manner-of-sale, volume limitations, current public information and filing requirements of Rule 144, in each case, without compliance with the holding period requirement of Rule 144. However, none of the Rule 701 shares will be eligible for resale until the expiration of the lock-up provisions to which they are subject.
Form S-8 Registration Statement
We intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act covering all of the shares of common stock subject to options outstanding under the 2009 Unit Incentive Plan as well as the shares reserved for future issuance under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. We expect to file this registration statement as soon as practicable after our initial public offering. However, none of the shares registered on Form S-8 will be eligible for resale until the expiration of the lock-up provisions to which they are subject.



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CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND STATE TAX
CONSIDERATIONS FOR NON-U.S. HOLDERS
The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our common stock to non-U.S. holders (as defined below), but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all the potential tax considerations relating thereto. This summary is based on the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), Treasury Regulations issued thereunder, published administrative rulings and judicial decisions, in each case, as of the date hereof. These authorities may be modified, possibly retroactively, or may be subject to differing interpretations, resulting in U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those discussed below. We have not sought any ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) with respect to the statements made and the conclusions reached in the following summary, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with such statements and conclusions.
This summary is limited to non-U.S. holders who purchase our common stock pursuant to this offering and who hold our common stock as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code. This summary does not address any tax considerations that may be relevant to investors in light of their personal circumstances and except as specifically stated below does not address tax consequences arising under any state, local or non-U.S. tax laws, the U.S. federal estate tax or gift tax rules or any other U.S. federal tax laws. This summary does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income and estate taxation, does not address any aspects of the unearned income Medicare contribution tax under Section 1411 of the Code and does not deal with the alternative minimum tax or other federal taxes (such as gift tax) or with foreign state or local tax considerations that may be relevant to non-U.S. holders in light of their particular circumstances. This summary also does not address tax considerations applicable to investors that may be subject to special tax rules, including, without limitation:
Banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;
Regulated investment companies and real estate investment trusts;
Persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;
Tax-exempt organizations;
Controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax;
Persons who own (or are deemed to own), more than 5% of our capital stock (except to the extent specifically set forth below);
Dealers in securities or currencies;
Traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings;
Certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;
Persons who hold our common stock as a position in a hedging transaction, straddle, conversion transaction, or other risk deduction transaction or a person deemed to sell common stock under the constructive sale provisions of the Code;
Persons who receive our common stock as compensation for services; and
Pension plans and other tax-qualified retirement plans.
In addition, if a partnership (or an entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner therein generally will depend


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on the status of the partner and on the activities of the partnership. Accordingly, partnerships that hold our common stock, and partners in such partnerships, should consult their own tax advisors regarding the specific U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning, or disposing of our common stock.
Definition of Non-U.S. Holder
For purposes of this discussion, a non-U.S. holder is a beneficial owner of our common stock, other than a partnership (or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes), that is not any of the following:
An individual citizen or resident of the United States for tax purposes. If you are an individual, you may, in many cases, be deemed to be a resident alien, as opposed to a nonresident alien, by virtue of being present in the United States for at least 31 days in the calendar year and for an aggregate of at least 183 days during a three-year period ending in the current calendar year. For these purposes, all the days present in the current year, one-third of the days present in the immediately preceding year, and one-sixth of the days present in the second preceding year are counted. Resident aliens are subject to U.S. federal income tax as if they were U.S. citizens;
A corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state therein, or the District of Columbia;
An estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or
A trust (i) whose administration is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) which has made a valid election to be treated as a U.S. person.
Distributions
We do not expect to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Distributions with respect to our common stock, if any, generally will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Any portion of a distribution in excess of current or accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital and will first be applied to reduce the holder’s tax basis in its common stock, but not below zero. Any remaining amount will then be considered gain from the sale or exchange of the common stock and will be treated as described below in “Sale or Disposition.”
Subject to the discussions below regarding backup withholding and FATCA (defined below), distributions treated as dividends, if any, paid to a non-U.S. holder of our common stock that are not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or such lower rate specified by an applicable tax treaty. To receive the benefit of a reduced treaty rate, a non-U.S. holder must timely furnish to us or our paying agent a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E, as applicable (or applicable successor form), certifying such holder’s qualification for the reduced rate. This certification must be provided to us or our paying agent prior to the payment of dividends and must be updated periodically. If the non-U.S. holder holds the stock through a financial institution or other agent acting on the non-U.S. holder’s behalf, the non-U.S. holder will be required to provide appropriate documentation to the agent, who then will be required to provide certification to us or our paying agent, either directly or through other intermediaries. Non-U.S. holders that do not timely provide us or our paying agent with the required certification, but that qualify for a reduced treaty rate, may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld


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by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding possible entitlement to benefits under a tax treaty.
If a non-U.S. holder holds our common stock in connection with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States and dividends paid on the common stock are effectively connected with such holder’s U.S. trade or business (and, if required by an applicable tax treaty, attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment), those dividends paid to the non-U.S. holder will be exempt from the U.S. federal withholding tax described above. To claim the exemption, the non-U.S. holder must furnish to us or our paying agent a valid IRS Form W-8ECI (or applicable successor form), certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
Any dividends paid on our common stock that are effectively connected with a non-U.S. holder’s U.S. trade or business (and, if required by an applicable tax treaty, attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) generally will be subject to regular graduated U.S. federal income tax rates, net of deductions and credits, in the same manner as if such holder were a U.S. person. Dividends that are effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business and paid to a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable tax treaty). Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding any applicable tax treaties that may provide for different rules.
Sale or Disposition
Subject to the discussions below regarding backup withholding and FATCA, a non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale or disposition of our common stock unless:
the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States and, if required by an applicable tax treaty, attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment;
the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the sale or disposition and certain other requirements are met; or
our common stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest by reason of our status as a U.S. real property holding corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes (a USRPHC) at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding the disposition or the non-U.S. holder’s holding period for our common stock.
Any gain described in the first bullet point above generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at graduated tax rates on a net income basis in the same manner as if such holder were a U.S. person. A non-U.S. holder that is a corporation also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable tax treaty). Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding any applicable tax treaties that may provide for different rules.
Any gain described in the second bullet point above generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a flat 30% rate (or such a lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty), but may be offset by U.S. source capital losses of the non-U.S. holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States), provided that the non-U.S. holder timely files U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses.
With respect to the third bullet point above, we believe that we currently are not, and we do not anticipate becoming, a USRPHC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our U.S. real property interests relative to the fair market value of our non-U.S. real property interests and other trade or business assets, however, there can


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be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in the future. In the event we do become a USRPHC, as long as our common stock is “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, our common stock will be treated as a U.S. real property interest only with respect to a non-U.S. holder that actually or constructively holds more than 5% of our common stock at any time during the shorter of the five-year period preceding the date of disposition or the holder’s holding period. We expect our common stock to be “regularly traded” on an established securities market, although we cannot guarantee that it will be so traded. If gain on the sale or other taxable disposition of our stock were subject to taxation under the third bullet point above, the non-U.S. holder would be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax with respect to such gain in generally the same manner as a U.S. person and the purchaser of such common stock may be required to withhold a tax equal to 10% of the amount realized on the sale.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Generally, we must report annually to the IRS and to each non-U.S. holder the amount of dividends paid to such holder, the name and address of the non-U.S. holder, and the amount of any tax withheld with respect to such dividends. These information reporting requirements apply even if no withholding was required because the dividends were effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business or withholding was reduced or eliminated by an applicable income tax treaty. This information also may be made available to the tax authorities of the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides or is established under a specific treaty or agreement with such tax authorities.
Backup withholding generally will not apply to distributions to a non-U.S. holder of our common stock provided the non-U.S. holder furnishes to us or our paying agent the required certification as to its non-U.S. status, such as by providing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or W-8ECI, as applicable, or otherwise establishes an exemption. Notwithstanding the foregoing, backup withholding may apply if either we or our paying agent has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that the holder is a U.S. person that is not an exempt recipient.
U.S. information reporting and backup withholding requirements generally will apply to the proceeds of a disposition of our common stock effected by or through a U.S. office of any broker, U.S. or non-U.S., unless the holder provides a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or W-8ECI, as applicable, or otherwise meets documentary evidence requirements for establishing non-U.S. holder status or otherwise establishes an exemption. Even if such certification or information is provided, however, information reporting and backup withholding requirements may apply to a payment of disposition proceeds if the broker has actual knowledge or reason to know, that the holder is, in fact, a U.S. person. Generally, U.S. information reporting and backup withholding requirements will not apply to a payment of disposition proceeds to a non-U.S. holder where the transaction is effected outside the United States through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker. For information reporting purposes, certain brokers with substantial U.S. ownership or operations will generally be treated in a manner similar to U.S. brokers.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
FATCA Withholding
Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder (FATCA) generally impose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on certain payments of income, including dividends made after June 30, 2014, and certain payments of gross proceeds made after December 31, 2016, to a “foreign financial institution” (as defined for this purpose) (an FFI), including where the FFI receives such payments as an intermediary, unless the FFI (i) enters into an agreement with the IRS (or is subject to an applicable intergovernmental agreement) to withhold on certain payments and to collect and provide to the


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IRS (or local revenue authorities if required under an applicable intergovernmental agreement) substantial information regarding U.S. account holders of the FFI and its affiliates (including certain account holders that are foreign entities with U.S. owners) or is otherwise treated as complying with FATCA, and (ii) the FFI provides the payor with a properly completed Form W-8BEN-E to document its status, which must include the FFI’s Global Intermediary Identification Number, obtained by registering online with the IRS. FATCA also imposes a 30% withholding tax on certain payments of income, including dividends, made after June 30, 2014, and certain payments of gross proceeds made after December 31, 2016, to a “non-financial foreign entity” unless the entity provides the withholding agent with a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN-E certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or identifying its direct and indirect substantial U.S. owners.
Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on their investment in our common stock.
U.S. Federal Estate Tax
Shares of common stock that are owned (or deemed to be owned) at the time of death by a non-U.S. holder who is an individual will be includable in such non-U.S. holder’s taxable estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise.
The preceding discussion of U.S. federal income and estate tax considerations is for general information only. It is not tax advice. Each prospective investor should consult its own tax advisor regarding the particular U.S. federal, state, and local and non-U.S. tax consequences of purchasing, holding and disposing of our common stock, including the consequences of any proposed change in applicable laws.


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UNDERWRITING
Under the terms and subject to the conditions in an underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC are acting as representatives, have severally agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to them, severally, the number of shares indicated below:
Name
 
Number of Shares
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
 
 
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
 
 
Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated
 
 
Raymond James & Associates, Inc.
 
 
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated
 
 
Total
 
 
The underwriters and the representatives are collectively referred to as the “underwriters” and the “representatives,” respectively. The underwriters are offering the shares of our Class A common stock subject to their acceptance of the shares from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of our Class A common stock offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the shares of our Class A common stock offered by this prospectus if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the shares covered by the underwriters’ over-allotment option described below.
The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the shares of our Class A common stock directly to the public at the offering price listed on the cover of this prospectus and part to certain dealers. After the initial offering of the shares of our Class A common stock, the offering price and other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the representatives.
We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to             additional shares of our Class A common stock at the public offering price listed on the cover of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the shares of our Class A common stock offered by this prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase about the same percentage of the additional shares of our Class A common stock as the number listed next to the underwriter’s name in the preceding table bears to the total number of shares of our Class A common stock listed next to the names of all underwriters in the preceding table.
The following table shows the per share and total public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions, and proceeds before expenses to us. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase up to an additional             shares of our Class A common stock.
 
 
 
Total
 
Per Share
 
No Exercise
 
Full Exercise
Public offering price
$
 
$
 
$
Underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by us
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds, before expenses, to us
$
 
$
 
$


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The estimated offering expenses payable by us, exclusive of the underwriting discounts and commissions, are approximately $        . We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for expenses relating to clearance of this offering with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority up to $ .
The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales to discretionary accounts to exceed 5% of the total number of shares of our Class A common stock offered by them.
We intend to apply to list our Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol “WK” .
We have agreed that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC on behalf of the underwriters, we will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus, or the “restricted period”:
(1)
offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our Class A or Class B common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our Class A or Class B common stock; or
(2)
enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our Class A or Class B common stock;
whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of our Class A or Class B common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. In addition, we have agreed that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC on behalf of the underwriters, we will not, during the restricted period, file any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any shares of our Class A or Class B common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our Class A or Class B common stock.
The restrictions described in the immediately preceding paragraph to do not apply to:
(1)
the sale of shares of our common stock to the underwriters;
(2)
the issuance of shares of our common stock upon the exercise or conversion of a security outstanding on the date of this prospectus and described herein or of which the underwriters have been advised in writing;
(3)
the issuance of shares of common stock, options to purchase shares of common stock, or other equity awards pursuant to our employee benefit plans disclosed herein;
(4)
the filing of a registration statement on Form S-8 or a successor form thereto; or
(5)
the sale or issuance or entry into an agreement to sell or issue shares of common stock in connection with our acquisition of one or more businesses, products or technologies (whether by means of merger, stock purchase, asset purchase or otherwise) or in connection with joint ventures, commercial relationships or other strategic transactions, provided that the aggregate number of shares of common stock that we may sell or issue or agree to sell or issue pursuant to this clause shall not exceed 5% of the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately following the completion of this offering, and provided further that the recipient of such shares of common stock agrees to be bound in writing by an agreement of the same duration and terms as agreed to by us.



126



In addition, the holders of an aggregate of % of our outstanding common stock, including all of our directors and officers, have agreed that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC on behalf of the underwriters, they will not, during the restricted period:
(1)
offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our Class A or Class B common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our Class A or Class B common stock; or
(2)
enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our Class A or Class B common stock;
whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of our Class A or Class B common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. In addition, each such person has agreed that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC on behalf of the underwriters, such person will not, during the restricted period, make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any shares of our Class A or Class B common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our Class A or Class B common stock.
The restrictions described in the immediately preceding paragraph do not apply to:
(1)
transactions relating to shares of our common stock or other securities acquired in open market transactions after the completion of this offering, provided that no filing or public announcement under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or otherwise shall be required or shall be voluntarily made in connection with subsequent sales of common stock or other securities acquired in such open market transactions;
(2)
transfers of shares of our common stock or any security convertible into our common stock as a bona fide gift or charitable contribution;
(3)
distributions by any holder of our common stock to limited partners, members or stockholders of such holder or to any corporation, partnership or other business entity that controls, is controlled by or managed by or is under common control with such holder;
(4)
any transfer by will or pursuant to the laws of descent and distribution;
(5)
any transfer to or from certain trusts or to a stockholder’s family;
(6)
the receipt of our common stock upon the exercise of options or any transfer of common stock or securities convertible into common stock upon the exercise of options to purchase our securities on a “cashless” or “net exercise” basis to the extent permitted by the instruments representing such options so long as such exercise is effected solely by the surrender and cancellation of outstanding options;
(7)
any transfer by operation of law pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement;
(8)
any transfer of shares of common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock pursuant to a bona fide third-party tender offer, merger, consolidation or similar transaction made to all holders of common stock involving a change of control, provided that until such tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is completed, the common stock shall remain subject to the restrictions contained in the applicable agreement; or


127



(9)
the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of common stock, provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of common stock during the restricted period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act or otherwise, if any, is required or voluntarily made regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of common stock may be made under such plan during the restricted period;
provided that in the case of any receipt, transfer or distribution pursuant to clauses (2) through (9), (i) each recipient, transferee, donee or distributee shall sign and deliver, to the extent not previously signed and delivered, a lock-up letter prior to any transfer or distribution and (ii) no filing or public announcement under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or otherwise shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the restricted period.
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, in their sole discretion, may release our common stock and other securities subject to the lock-up agreements described above in whole or in part at any time.
Further, subject to certain limited exceptions, our certificate of incorporation will contain provisions substantially identical to the lock-up agreements with the underwriters that will restrict the transfer of shares of our common stock other than shares of Class A common stock issued in this offering for 180 days following the date of this prospectus. See the section titled “Shares Eligible for Future Sale-Lock-Up Restrictions.”
In order to facilitate this offering of our Class A common stock, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our Class A common stock. Specifically, the underwriters may sell more shares than they are obligated to purchase under the underwriting agreement, creating a short position. A short sale is covered if the short position is no greater than the number of shares available for purchase by the underwriters under the over-allotment option. The underwriters can close out a covered short sale by exercising the over-allotment option or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out a covered short sale, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the open market price of shares compared to the price available under the over-allotment option. The underwriters may also sell shares in excess of the over-allotment option, creating a naked short position. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of our Class A common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. As an additional means of facilitating this offering, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of our Class A common stock in the open market to stabilize the price of our Class A common stock. These activities may raise or maintain the market price of our Class A common stock above independent market levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time. The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discount received by it because the representatives have repurchased shares sold by or for the account of such underwriter in stabilizing or short covering transactions.
We and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites maintained by one or more underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering. The representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares of our Class A common stock to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives to underwriters that may make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.


128



The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, various financial advisory and investment banking services for us, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses. For example, we have a line of credit with an affiliate of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC.
In addition, in the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers and may at any time hold long and short positions in such securities and instruments. Such investment and securities activities may involve our securities and instruments. The underwriters and their respective affiliates may also make investment recommendations or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long or short positions in such securities and instruments.
In the ordinary course of business, we have sold, and may in the future sell, products or services to one or more of the underwriters or their respective affiliates in arms’-length transactions on market competitive terms. In addition, one of our director nominees, Mr. Robert H. Herz, is a director of Morgan Stanley, an affiliate of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC.
Pricing of the Offering
Prior to the completion of this offering, there has been no public market for our Class A common stock. The initial public offering price was determined by negotiations between us and the representatives. Among the factors considered in determining the initial public offering price were our future prospects and those of our industry in general, our sales, earnings and certain other financial and operating information in recent periods, and the price-earnings ratios, price-sales ratios, market prices of securities, and certain financial and operating information of companies engaged in activities similar to ours. The estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the cover of this preliminary prospectus is subject to change as a result of market conditions and other factors. Neither we nor the underwriters can assure investors that an active trading market for the shares will develop or that after the offering the shares will trade in the public market at or above the initial public offering price.
Selling Restrictions
European Economic Area
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area that has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a Relevant Member State), an offer to the public of any shares of our Class A common stock may not be made in that Relevant Member State, except that an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of any shares of our Class A common stock may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive, if they have been implemented in that Relevant Member State:
to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Directive;
to fewer than 100 or, if the Relevant Member State has implemented the relevant provision of the 2010 PD Amending Directive, 150, natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive), as permitted under the Prospectus Directive, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the representatives for any such offer; or


129



in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of shares of our Class A common stock shall result in a requirement for the publication by us or any underwriter of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.
For the purposes of this provision, (i) the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any shares of our Class A common stock in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any shares of our Class A common stock to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase any shares of our Class A common stock, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, (ii) the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC (and amendments thereto, including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, to the extent implemented in the Relevant Member State), and includes any relevant implementing measure in the Relevant Member State, and (iii) the expression “2010 PD Amending Directive” means Directive 2010/73/EU.
United Kingdom
Each underwriter has represented and agreed that:
it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA)) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of the shares of our Class A common stock in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to us; and
it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the shares of our Class A common stock in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.
Hong K ong
Shares of our Class A common stock may not be offered or sold by means of any document other than (i) in circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong), (ii) to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap.571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder, or (iii) in other circumstances that do not result in the document being a “prospectus” within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong), and no advertisement, invitation or document relating to shares of our Class A common stock may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere), which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the laws of Hong Kong), other than with respect to shares of our Class A common stock that are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder.
Japan
Shares of our Class A common stock have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law) and each underwriter has agreed that it will not offer or sell any shares of our Class A common stock, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to a resident of Japan, except pursuant to an exemption


130



from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and any other applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines of Japan.
Singapore
This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of shares of our Class A common stock may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the shares of our Class A common stock be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the SFA), (ii) to a relevant person, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.
Where shares of our Class A common stock are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 by a relevant person that is: (i) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or (ii) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary is an accredited investor, shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest in that trust shall not be transferable for 6 months after that corporation or that trust has acquired shares of our Class A common stock under Section 275 except: (1) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the SFA or to a relevant person, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA; (2) where no consideration is given for the transfer; or (3) by operation of law.



131



LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the shares of our Class A common stock offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Chicago, Illinois. Mayer Brown LLP, Chicago, Illinois is acting as counsel to the underwriters in this offering.
EXPERTS
Our consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2012 and 2013, and for the periods then ended, appearing in this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to the registration of the Class A common stock offered for sale with this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement. For further information about us, the Class A common stock we are offering by this prospectus and related matters, you should review the registration statement, including the exhibits filed as a part of the registration statement. A copy of the registration statement and the exhibits that were filed with the registration statement may be inspected without charge at the public reference facilities maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission at 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, and copies of all or any part of the registration statement may be obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission upon payment of the prescribed fee. Information on the operation of the public reference facilities may be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The address of the site is http://www.sec.gov.
As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the information and periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and, in accordance with those requirements, will file periodic reports, proxy statements, and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These periodic reports, proxy statements, and other information will be available for inspection and copying at the regional offices, public reference facilities, and web site of the Securities and Exchange Commission referred to above. We intend to furnish our stockholders with annual reports containing consolidated financial statements audited by our independent registered accounting firm.



132




WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
Page
 
 



F-1



REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Managing Directors of Workiva LLC
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Workiva LLC (Workiva) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, members’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for the periods then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of Workiva’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of Workiva’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of Workiva’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Workiva LLC and subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and 2013, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chicago, Illinois
August 26, 2014


F-2



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
As of December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
24,979

 
$
15,515

Marketable securities
5,200

 
2,436

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $194 and $111 in 2012 and 2013, respectively
5,167

 
13,885

Deferred commissions
546

 
301

Other receivables
170

 
2,856

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
1,285

 
891

Total current assets
37,347

 
35,884

 
 
 
 
Restricted cash
199

 
179

Restricted marketable securities

 
2,368

Property and equipment, net
15,561

 
34,715

Intangible assets, net

 
167

Other assets
415

 
631

Total assets
$
53,522

 
$
73,944

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
2,396

 
$
3,993

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
6,703

 
8,939

Deferred revenue
17,120

 
27,367

Current portion of capital lease and financing obligations

 
723

Current portion of long-term debt
185

 
2,303

Total current liabilities
26,404

 
43,325

 
 
 


Deferred revenue
1,045

 
9,018

Deferred rent
67

 
335

Capital lease and financing obligations

 
12,511

Long-term debt
2,796

 
2,254

Construction liability
9,190

 
7,636

Total liabilities
39,502

 
75,079

 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies

 

 
 
 
 


F-3



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
As of December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
MEMBERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
 
 
 
Series A preferred units, 21,050,000 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2013
(9,652
)
 
(9,711
)
Series B preferred units, 15,665,525 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2013
(6,483
)
 
(6,485
)
Series C preferred units, 9,053,272 and 10,486,387 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively
29,213

 
10,849

Common units, 18,692,490 and 18,954,806 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively
(2,664
)
 
482

Appreciation and participation units, 20,484,406 and 21,679,094 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively
3,648

 
3,872

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(42
)
 
(142
)
Total members’ equity (deficit)
14,020

 
(1,135
)
Total liabilities and members’ equity (deficit)
$
53,522

 
$
73,944

See accompanying notes.


F-4



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 
Year ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Revenue
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
34,702

 
$
65,164

Professional services
18,236

 
19,987

Total revenue
52,938

 
85,151

Cost of revenue
 
 
 
Subscription and support
9,222

 
14,530

Professional services
9,777

 
9,262

Total cost of revenue
18,999

 
23,792

Gross profit
33,939

 
61,359

Operating expenses
 
 
 
Research and development
18,342

 
32,506

Sales and marketing
27,506

 
40,243

General and administrative
16,146

 
14,113

Total operating expenses
61,994

 
86,862

Loss from operations
(28,055
)
 
(25,503
)
Interest expense
(1,521
)
 
(366
)
Other income and (expense), net
(861
)
 
104

Net loss
$
(30,437
)
 
$
(25,765
)
 
 
 
 
Pro forma net loss and per share information (unaudited)
 
 
 
Pro forma provision for income taxes
 
 

Pro forma net loss
 
 
$
(25,765
)
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share
 
 
 
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted
 
 
 
See accompanying notes.



F-5



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)

 
Year ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Net loss
$
(30,437
)
 
$
(25,765
)
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(2
)
 
56

Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities
(40
)
 
(156
)
Other comprehensive loss
(42
)
 
(100
)
Comprehensive loss
$
(30,479
)
 
$
(25,865
)
See accompanying notes.



F-6



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF MEMBERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in thousands)

 
Series A
Preferred Units
 
Series B Preferred Units
 
Series C Preferred Units
 
Common Units
 
Appreciation and Participation
Units
 
Accum-ulated Other Compre-hensive Loss
 
Total Members’ Equity (Deficit)
 
Units
 
Amount
 
Units
 
Amount
 
Units
 
Amount
 
Units
 
Amount
 
Units
 
Amount
 
 
Balances at December 31, 2011
21,050

 
$
(5,581
)
 
15,665

 
$
(3,454
)
 

 
$

 
18,600

 
$
(247
)
 
12,735

 
$
678

 
$

 
$
(8,604
)
Issuance of Series C preferred units, net of issuance costs

 

 

 

 
6,047

 
29,919

 

 

 

 

 

 
29,919

Conversion of debt to Series C preferred units

 

 

 

 
3,006

 
14,984

 

 

 

 

 

 
14,984

Issuance of units in connection with vesting of restricted appreciation and participation units

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
7,749

 

 

 

Equity-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1,198

 

 
6,931

 

 
8,129

Exercise of common unit options

 

 

 

 

 

 
92

 
71

 

 

 

 
71

Net loss

 
(4,071
)
 

 
(3,029
)
 

 
(15,690
)
 

 
(3,686
)
 

 
(3,961
)
 

 
(30,437
)
Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(42
)
 
(42
)
Balances at December 31, 2012
21,050

 
$
(9,652
)
 
15,665

 
$
(6,483
)
 
9,053

 
$
29,213

 
18,692

 
$
(2,664
)
 
20,484

 
$
3,648

 
$
(42
)
 
$
14,020

Issuance of Series C preferred units, net of issuance costs

 

 

 

 
1,433

 
7,145

 

 

 

 

 

 
7,145

Issuance of units in connection with vesting of restricted appreciation and participation units

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1,195

 

 

 

Equity-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
3,146

 

 
224

 

 
3,370

Exercise of common unit options

 

 

 

 

 

 
262

 
256

 

 

 

 
256

Distribution to members

 
(59
)
 

 
(2
)
 

 

 

 

 
 
 

 

 
(61
)
Net loss

 

 

 

 

 
(25,509
)
 

 
(256
)
 

 

 

 
(25,765
)
Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(100
)
 
(100
)
Balances at December 31, 2013
21,050

 
$
(9,711
)
 
15,665

 
$
(6,485
)
 
10,486

 
$
10,849

 
18,954

 
$
482

 
21,679

 
$
3,872

 
$
(142
)
 
$
(1,135
)
See accompanying notes.



F-7



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

 
Year ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
Net loss
$
(30,437
)
 
$
(25,765
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
1,039

 
2,373

Equity-based compensation expense
8,129

 
3,370

Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts
183

 
(83
)
Accretion of discount on debt
550

 

Change in fair value of derivative liability
(3,271
)
 

Loss on settlement of convertible notes with Series C preferred units
4,206

 

Recognition of forgivable loan

 
(2,259
)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
1,014

 
(8,647
)
Deferred commissions
(43
)
 
244

Other receivables
176

 
(686
)
Prepaid expenses and other
(1,017
)
 
394

Other assets
(333
)
 
(216
)
Accounts payable
827

 
1,598

Deferred revenue
8,737

 
18,237

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
4,988

 
2,508

Change in restricted cash
(154
)
 

Net cash used in operating activities
(5,406
)
 
(8,932
)
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Purchase of property and equipment
(5,685
)
 
(9,503
)
Purchase of marketable securities
(5,240
)
 
(920
)
Sale of marketable securities

 
1,160

Purchase of intangible assets

 
(169
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(10,925
)
 
(9,432
)
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of Series C preferred units
30,234

 
7,165

Payment of equity issuance costs
(315
)
 
(20
)
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes
2,455

 

Repayment of convertible debt
(25
)
 

Proceeds from option exercises
71

 
256

Repayment of debt to related party
(1,000
)
 

Changes in restricted cash
20

 
20



F-8



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(in thousands)

 
Year ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Repayment of long-term debt
(158
)
 
(181
)
Principal payments on capital lease and financing obligations

 
(346
)
Distributions to members

 
(61
)
Proceeds from borrowings on line of credit

 
2,017

Net cash provided by financing activities
31,282

 
8,850

Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash
(1
)
 
50

 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
14,950

 
(9,464
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
10,029

 
24,979

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
$
24,979

 
$
15,515

 
 
 
 
Supplemental cash flow disclosure
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for interest
$
74

 
$
488

 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
 
 
 
Fixed assets acquired through notes payable
$
85

 
$

Fixed assets acquired through financing obligations
$
8,933

 
$
10,278

Fixed assets acquired through capital lease arrangement
$

 
$
1,749

Government loan awarded but not yet received
$

 
$
2,000

Derivative liability recorded to members’ equity upon settlement of convertible notes
$
1,484

 
$

Conversion of convertible notes and accrued interest into Series C Preferred Units
$
13,500

 
$

See accompanying notes.



F-9


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
WebFilings LLC was formed in California in August 2008. In July 2014, we changed our name to Workiva LLC, and in September 2014 we converted from a California limited liability company to a Delaware limited liability company. We have pioneered a cloud- and mobile-based platform for enterprises to collect, manage, report and analyze critical data in real time. Our software platform, Wdesk, allows users to access and control all of their business data, regardless of format or location, with innovative live-linking technology. We offer our customers solutions for compliance, risk, sustainability and management reporting, and enterprise risk management that are delivered through our Wdesk platform. Our operational headquarters are located in Ames, Iowa, with additional offices located in the United States, Europe and Canada.
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and include the accounts of Workiva LLC and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Unaudited Pro Forma Loss and Per Share Information
Prior to the issuance of any of our shares of Class A common stock in an initial public offering, we will convert from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation and change our name from Workiva LLC to Workiva Inc. In conjunction with the corporate conversion, all of our outstanding Series A, B and C preferred units, common units, capped common units, appreciation units, participation units, and options to purchase common units will automatically convert into shares of our common stock or options to purchase common stock. The ratio at which each class of outstanding equity units and options will be converted into shares of our common stock or options will be determined using a formula based on the midpoint of the price range of our Class A common stock set forth on the cover of the last preliminary prospectus prior to the completion of the corporate conversion. The conversion rates are set forth below:
 
 
Rate of conversion
Preferred units - Series A
 
 
Preferred units - Series B
 
 
Preferred units - Series C
 
 
Common units
 
 
Capped common units ($.20 cap)
 
 
Capped common units ($1.00 cap)
 
 
Capped common units ($4.00 cap)
 
 
Appreciation units ($.20 threshold price)
 
 
Appreciation unit ($.30 threshold price)
 
 
Appreciation units ($3.36 threshold price)
 
 
Participation units ($1.00 threshold price)
 
 
Participation units ($4.00 threshold price)
 
 
We will have two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock are identical, except


F-10


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

as set forth in our certificate of incorporation, including with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of our Class A common stock will be entitled to one vote per share and will not be convertible into any other shares of our capital stock. Each share of our Class B common stock will be entitled to ten votes per share and will be convertible into one share of our Class A common stock at any time. Our Class B common stock also will automatically convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon certain transfers and other events.
Prior to the corporate conversion, no provision or benefit for income taxes was included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations because our results of operations were allocated to our members for inclusion in their respective income tax returns. The pro forma loss information set forth below provides an adjustment for income tax expense as if we had converted to a corporation on January 1, 2013.
We compute the pro forma loss per share of Class A and Class B common stock as if we converted to a corporation on January 1, 2013. Pro forma basic loss per share is computed using pro forma net loss divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Pro forma diluted loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and the effect of potentially dilutive equity awards outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of stock options and unvested shares of common stock. Outstanding stock options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and unvested Class A shares are not included in the diluted loss per share calculation because they would have had an antidilutive effect. The computation of the diluted loss per share of Class A common stock does not assume the conversion of Class B common stock because the effect of the conversion would not be dilutive.
The following table sets forth the computation of pro forma net loss and pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share for Class A and Class B common stock for the year ended December 31, 2013 (in thousands, except share amounts and per share amounts):
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2013
Net loss
 
$25,765
Pro forma provision for income taxes
 
Pro forma net loss
 
$25,765
 
 
 
Numerator
 
 
Pro forma net loss - Class A
 
 
Pro forma net loss - Class B
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator
 
 
Pro forma weighted-average Class A common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
 
 
Pro forma weighted-average Class B common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share - Class A
 
 
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share - Class B
 
 
Foreign Currency
We translate the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries, which have a functional currency in the respective country’s local currency, to U.S. dollars using month-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities


F-11


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

and average exchange rates for revenue, costs and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of members’ equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions that are denominated in currencies other than the entity's functional currency, including intercompany foreign currency transactions that are not of a long-term investment nature, are included within “Other income and (expense), net” on the consolidated statements of operations. We recorded $32,000 and $108,000 of transaction losses during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 , respectively.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. These estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of the relative selling prices of our services, self-insurance reserves for claims incurred but not yet reported and certain assumptions used in the valuation of equity awards. While these estimates are based on our best knowledge of current events and actions that may affect us in the future, actual results may differ materially from these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash consists of cash on deposit with banks that is stated at cost, which approximates fair value. We invest our excess cash primarily in highly liquid certificates of deposit, money market funds and marketable securities. We classify all highly liquid investments with stated maturities of three months or less from date of purchase as cash equivalents and all highly liquid investments with stated maturities of greater than three months as marketable securities.
Marketable Securities
We determine the appropriate classification of our investments at the time of purchase and reevaluate such designation at each balance sheet date. We have classified and accounted for our investments as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value each reporting period. Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and recorded as a separate component within “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the consolidated balance sheets until realized. Dividend income is reported within “Other income and expense, net” on the consolidated statements of operations. We evaluate our investments to assess whether those with unrealized loss positions are other than temporarily impaired. We consider impairments to be other than temporary if they are related to deterioration in credit risk or if it is likely we will sell the securities before the recovery of their cost basis. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other than temporary are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in “Other income and (expense), net” in the consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Our financial assets, which include cash equivalents and marketable securities, are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Our other current financial assets and our other current financial liabilities have fair values that approximate their carrying value due to their short-term maturities.


F-12


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with high credit-quality financial institutions. Such deposits may be in excess of federally insured limits. To date, we have not experienced any losses on our cash and cash equivalents. We perform periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of the financial institutions.
Our accounts receivable are derived primarily from customers located in North America. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and require no collateral from our customers. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based upon the expected collectability of accounts receivable balances. We did not have a significant concentration of accounts receivable from any single customer or from customers in any single country outside of the United States at December 31, 2012 or 2013 .
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally one to ten years. We amortize leasehold improvements and assets under capital leases or financing arrangements over the lesser of the term of the lease including renewal options that are reasonably assured or the estimated useful life of the assets. Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $1,039,000 and $2,371,000 for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 , respectively, and includes $0 and $607,000 of amortization of assets recorded under capital leases during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 . There were no assets under capital leases in 2012.
Revenue Recognition
We generate revenue through the sale of subscriptions to our cloud-based software and the delivery of professional services. Our customer contracts typically range in length from three to 36 months. Our arrangements do not contain general rights of return. Our subscription contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the applications and, as a result, are accounted for as service contracts.
We commence revenue recognition for subscriptions to our cloud applications and professional services when all of the following criteria are met:
There is persuasive evidence of an arrangement;
The service has been or is being provided to the customer;
Collection of the fees is reasonably assured; and
The amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable.
Collectability is assessed based on a number of factors, including past transaction history with the customer and the creditworthiness of the customer. Collateral is not requested from the customer. If it is determined that the collection of a fee is not probable, the revenue is recognized at the time the collection becomes probable, which is generally upon the receipt of cash.
Revenue is reported net of sales and other taxes collected from customers to be remitted to government authorities.


F-13


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Subscription and Support Revenue 
We recognize the aggregate minimum subscription and support fees ratably on a straight-line basis over the subscription term, provided that an enforceable contract has been signed by both parties, access to our SaaS solutions has been granted to the customer, the fee for the subscription and support is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured.
Professional Services Revenue 
Our professional services primarily relate to document set up and XBRL tagging. When requested by our new or existing customers, we will set up their documents by importing a prior version and formating the document using best practice methods in our solution. Our XBRL tagging services include applying XBRL tagging to a customer filing document using Wdesk XBRL tools, reviewing existing tags for correctness, identifying any necessary revisions to be consistent with newly provided requirements or guidance from the SEC or FASB, as well as rolling forward XBRL tags from a prior filing to a current filing document.
Our professional services are not required for customers to utilize our solution. Our pricing for professional services has been predominantly on a fixed-fee basis, and we recognize revenue after the services have been performed. Document set up services are typically completed in less than two weeks. XBRL tagging services are offered for each filing document and revenue is recognized upon a successful submission to the SEC.
Multiple Deliverable Arrangements 
For arrangements with multiple deliverables, we evaluate whether the individual deliverables qualify as separate units of accounting. I n order to treat deliverables in a multiple deliverable arrangement as separate units of accounting, the deliverables must have standalone value upon delivery. For deliverables that have standalone value upon delivery, we account for each deliverable separately and recognize revenue for the respective deliverables as they are delivered.
Subscription contracts have standalone value as we sell the subscriptions separately. In determining whether professional services can be accounted for separately from s ubscription services, we consider the availability of the professional services from other vendors, t he nature of our professional services and whether we sell our applications to new customers without professional services. In the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 , we determined that we had established standalone value for the professional services related to document set up and XBRL tagging. This determination was made due primarily to the ability of the customer to complete these tasks without assistance and the sale of XBRL services separate from the initial subscription order. Because we established standalone value for our professional services in the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 , such service arrangements are being accounted for separately from subscription services. 
When multiple deliverables included in an arrangement are separable into different units of accounting, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the identified separate units of accounting based on their relative selling price. Multiple deliverable arrangements accounting guidance provides a hierarchy to use when determining the relative selling price for each unit of accounting. Vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) of selling price, based on the price at which the item is regularly sold by the vendor on a standalone basis, should be used if it exists. If VSOE of selling price is not available, third-party evidence (TPE) of selling price is used to establish the selling price if it exists. VSOE and TPE do not currently exist for any of our deliverables. Accordingly, for arrangements with multiple deliverables that can be separated into different units of accounting, we allocate the arrangement fee to the separate units of accounting based on our best estimate of selling price. The amount of arrangement fee allocated is limited by contingent revenue, if any. 
We determine our best estimate of selling price for our deliverables based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and entity-specific factors. We evaluate our best estimate of


F-14


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

selling price by reviewing historical data related to sales of our deliverables, including comparing the percentages of our contract prices to our list prices. We also may consider several other data points in our evaluation, including the size of our arrangements, length of term, the cloud applications sold, customer demographics and the numbers and types of users within our arrangements. 
Deferred Revenue
We typically invoice our customers for subscription fees in advance on a quarterly, annual, two- or three-year basis, with payment due at the start of the subscription term. Unpaid invoice amounts for services starting in future periods are excluded from accounts receivable and deferred revenue. Invoiced amounts are reflected as accounts receivable once we have initiated services with an offset to deferred revenue or revenue depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Deferred revenue also includes certain deferred professional service fees that are recognized upon completion of the service. The portion of deferred revenue that we anticipate will be recognized after the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as non-current deferred revenue, and the remaining portion is recorded as current deferred revenue.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists primarily of personnel and related costs directly associated with the professional services and customer success teams and training personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and equity-based compensation; the costs of contracted third-party vendors; the costs of server usage by our customers; information technology costs; and facility costs.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, commissions, and equity-based compensation. Other costs included in this expense are marketing and promotional events, our annual user conference, online marketing, product marketing, information technology costs, and facility costs. We amortize sales commissions that are directly attributable to a contract over the lesser of 12 months or the non-cancelable term of the customer contract based on the terms of our commission arrangements.
Advertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expense as incurred. Advertising expense totaled $464,000 and $454,000 for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 , respectively.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and equity-based compensation, costs of server usage by our developers, information technology costs, and facility costs.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs for our executive, finance, legal, human resources, and administrative personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and equity-based compensation; legal, accounting, and other professional service fees; other corporate expenses; information technology costs; and facility costs.
Leases
We categorize leases at their inception as either operating or capital leases and may receive renewal or expansion options, rent holidays, and leasehold improvement and other incentives on certain lease agreements. We recognize lease costs on a straight-line basis, taking into account adjustments for free or


F-15


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

escalating rental payments, renewals at our option that are reasonably assured and deferred payment terms. Additionally, lease incentives are accounted for as a reduction of lease costs over the term of the agreement. Leasehold improvements are capitalized at cost and amortized over the shorter of their useful life or the term of the lease.
Government Grants
Government grants awarded in the form of a forgivable loan are held on the balance sheet until there is reasonable assurance that any conditions attached to them will be fulfilled and that there is no likelihood of repayment. Grants related to the purchase of assets are treated as a reduction of the carrying value of the related assets resulting in a reduction to depreciation expense over the useful lives of the related assets. Grants related to reducing future expenses are deferred and recognized as a reduction in the related expense in proportion to the expenses to which they relate. Amounts required to be repaid upon the occurrence of an event specified in the arrangement are reclassified to current upon triggering the repayment condition.
Intangible Assets
We account for intangible assets under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 350, Goodwill and Other Intangibles—30 General Intangibles Other than Goodwill. Intangible assets consist of legal fees incurred for patents and are recorded at cost and amortized over the useful lives of the assets of ten years, using the straight-line method. Certain patents are in the legal application process and therefore are not currently being amortized.
Accumulated amortization of patents as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 was $0 and approximately $2,000 , respectively. Future amortization expense for legally approved patents is estimated at $6,300 per year through 2018 and approximately $29,000 thereafter.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, such as property, equipment and software and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If circumstances require that a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, we first compared the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that long-lived asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value.
Equity-Based Compensation
We measure all equity-based payments, including grants of options to purchase common units and the issuance of restricted share participation and appreciation units to employees and service providers, using a fair-value based method. The cost of services received from employees and non-employees in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date or reporting date, if required to be remeasured, and amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair values of equity-based awards.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated based upon the temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates that are applicable in the year the


F-16


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

deferred tax balances are expected to reverse. The deferred tax assets are recorded net of a valuation allowance when, based on the weight of available evidence, we believe it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. We consider many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of deferred tax assets, including recent cumulative earnings experience, expectations of future taxable income and capital gains by taxing jurisdiction, the carry-forward periods available for tax reporting purposes, the ability to carryback losses and other relevant factors. We allocate our valuation allowance to current and non-current deferred tax assets on a pro-rata basis. A change in the estimate of future taxable income may require an increase or decrease to the valuation allowance.We utilize a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We consider many factors when evaluating and estimating tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may not accurately forecast actual outcomes.
No provision or benefit for U.S. federal or state income taxes has been included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations because our results of operations are allocated to our members for inclusion in their respective income tax returns. Certain of our foreign subsidiaries are subject to income tax. As of December 31, 2013, we had approximately $398,000 of net operating losses in foreign jurisdictions that expire in 2032 and 2033 and are covered by a full valuation allowance.We have analyzed our inventory of tax positions taken with respect to all applicable income tax issues for all open tax years (in each respective jurisdiction) and have concluded that no uncertain tax positions are required to be recognized in our consolidated financial statements. The tax years 2010 to 2013 remain open in our taxing jurisdictions.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount net of allowances for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts. We regularly review our receivables that remain outstanding past their applicable payment terms and established an allowance for potential write-offs by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance once collection efforts have been exhausted.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2013-02, Topic 350 - Comprehensive Income (ASU 2013-02), which amends Topic 220 to improve the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income to the respective line items in net income. ASU 2013-02 is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2013. Adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance codified in ASC 606, Revenue Recognition - Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which amends the guidance in former ASC 605, Revenue Recognition . We are currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of ASC 606.


F-17


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

2. Marketable Securities
At December 31, 2012 , marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Gains
 
Unrealized Losses
 
Aggregate Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic debt mutual funds
 
$
5,000

 
$

 
$
(40
)
 
$
4,960

Certificates of deposit
 
240

 

 

 
240

Money market funds
 
23,888

 

 

 
23,888

 
 
$
29,128

 
$

 
$
(40
)
 
$
29,088

Included in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
23,888

 
$

 
$

 
$
23,888

Included in marketable securities
 
$
5,240

 
$

 
$
(40
)
 
$
5,200

At December 31, 2013 , marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Gains
 
Unrealized Losses
 
Aggregate Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Domestic debt mutual funds
 
$
5,000

 
$

 
$
(196
)
 
$
4,804

Money market funds
 
13,923

 

 

 
13,923

 
 
$
18,923

 
$

 
$
(196
)
 
$
18,727

Included in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
13,923

 
$

 
$

 
$
13,923

Included in marketable securities
 
$
5,000

 
$

 
$
(196
)
 
$
4,804

The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair values for those marketable securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 , aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or greater
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Loss
Domestic debt mutual funds
$
4,960

 
$
(40
)
 
$

 
$

Total
$
4,960

 
$
(40
)
 
$

 
$

 
As of December 31, 2013
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or greater
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Loss
Domestic debt mutual funds
$

 
$

 
$
4,804

 
$
(196
)
Total
$

 
$

 
$
4,804

 
$
(196
)
The unrealized losses of our individual fixed rate marketable securities ranged from less than $131,000 to $65,000 as of December 31, 2013 . We did not believe any of the unrealized losses represented an other-than-temporary impairment based on our evaluation of available evidence at December 31, 2013.


F-18


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

3. Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations Information
Other Receivables
Other receivables as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 consisted of (in thousands):
 
As of December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Government loan award (Note 6)
$

 
$
2,000

Other receivables
170

 
856

 
$
170

 
$
2,856

Restricted Cash
At December 31, 2013 , we had $25,000 of restricted cash associated with an irrevocable letter of credit in place as collateral for a loan from the Iowa Economic Development Authority (IEDA). We also had $154,000 of restricted cash associated with an irrevocable letter of credit in place as collateral for a lease on a building.
Restricted Marketable Securities
At December 31, 2013 , we had $2,368,000 of restricted marketable securities serving as collateral for an irrevocable letter of credit of $350,000 and a revolving line of credit with Morgan Stanley (see Note 6). The amount required to be maintained is equal to the combined outstanding balance of the line of credit and letter of credit. As of December 31, 2013, we did not intend to pay down the line of credit within the next twelve months and accordingly classified the restricted marketable securities as non-current.
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 consisted of (in thousands):
 
As of December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Buildings
$

 
$
17,056

Computers, equipment and software
3,322

 
4,934

Furniture and fixtures
1,194

 
4,470

Vehicles
97

 
97

Leasehold improvements
357

 
523

Construction in process
12,327

 
11,676

 
17,297

 
38,756

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
1,736

 
4,041

 
$
15,561

 
$
34,715



F-19


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following assets included in property and equipment, net were acquired under capital and financing leases (see Note 5) (in thousands):
 
As of December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Buildings
$

 
$
17,056

Computers and equipment

 
1,356

Furniture and fixtures

 
392

 

 
18,804

Less: accumulated amortization

 
607

 
$

 
$
18,197

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 consisted of (in thousands):
 
As of December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Accrued vacation
$
1,395

 
$
2,175

Accrued commissions
902

 
1,118

Accrued payroll
3,143

 
3,101

Self-insurance reserves

 
692

Accrued other liabilities
1,263

 
1,853

 
$
6,703

 
$
8,939

Other Income and (Expense), net
Other income and (expense), net for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 consisted of (in thousands):
 
For the year ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Interest income
$
98

 
$
220

Change in fair value of derivative
3,271

 

Loss on settlement of convertible notes with Series C preferred units
(4,206
)
 

Other
(24
)
 
(116
)
 
$
(861
)
 
$
104


4. Fair Value Measurements
We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability and establishes that the fair value of an asset or liability shall be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.


F-20


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs based on our assumptions.
The following tables present financial assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2012 using:
 
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Remaining Inputs
 
Significant Other Unobservable Remaining Inputs
Description
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
 
$
23,888

 
$
23,888

 
$

 
$

Marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic debt mutual funds
 
4,960

 
4,960

 

 

Total assets measured at fair value
 
$
28,848

 
$
28,848

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013 using:
 
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other
Observable
Remaining Inputs
 
Significant Other
Unobservable
Remaining Inputs
Description
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
 
$
13,923

 
$
13,923

 
$

 
$

Marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic debt mutual funds
 
4,804

 
4,804

 

 

Total assets measured at fair value
 
$
18,727

 
$
18,727

 
$

 
$

Other Fair Value Measurements
At December 31, 2013 , the fair value of the our debt obligations approximated the carrying amount of $4.6 million . The estimated fair value was based in part on our consideration of incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. We have generally classified the fair value of our debt obligations as Level 3 due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs, such as probability-weighting whether payment of interest will be required in the event of default under terms of certain of the arrangements.


F-21


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

5. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
We lease certain office and residential space under non-cancelable operating leases with various lease terms through June 2043. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 was $1.2 million and $2.5 million , respectively.
During 2013, we leased computer equipment and furniture from various parties under capital lease agreements that expire through March 2018. The total amount financed under these capital leases was $1.7 million during 2013.
Build to Suit
We entered into a lease agreement for land and an office building in Ames, Iowa, which was constructed in two phases. As part of the lease agreement, the landlord was responsible for constructing the building in accordance with our specifications and agreed to fund $11.8 million for the first phase and $11.1 million for the second phase of construction. We were the developer of the project and responsible for construction costs in excess of these amounts. As a result of this involvement, we were deemed the “owner” for accounting purposes during the construction period and were required to capitalize the construction costs associated with the office building. Upon completion of each phase of the project, we performed a sale-leaseback analysis pursuant to ASC 840, “Leases,” to determine if the building could be removed from the balance sheet. We determined there was continuing involvement, which precluded derecognition of the building. The construction liability of $11.8 million was reclassified to a financing obligation, and $17.1 million of costs capitalized during construction was placed in service during June 2013 for the initial phase. Upon completion of the second phase of the project, the construction liability of $11.1 million was reclassified to a financing obligation, and $18.4 million of costs capitalized during construction was placed in service during June 2014.
Total cash payments due under the arrangement were allocated on a relative fair value basis between rent related to the land lease and debt service payments related to the financing obligation. The portion of the lease payments allocated to the land is expensed straight-line over the term of the lease from the point we took possession of the land and including renewal periods where renewal was deemed reasonably assured at the inception of the lease. The lease contains purchase options to acquire the landlord’s interest in the land lease and building at any time beginning three years from the commencement date of the lease. In addition, the lease requires us upon certain events, such as a change in control, to purchase the building from the landlord. The purchase options were deemed to be fair value at the inception of the lease.


F-22


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

As of December 31, 2013 , future estimated minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating, capital, and financing leases were as follows (in thousands):
Year ending December 31:
 
Operating
Leases
 
Capital Leases
 
Financing Obligations
2014
 
$
2,193

 
$
704

 
$
990

2015
 
1,919

 
540

 
990

2016
 
2,084

 
326

 
990

2017
 
2,064

 
79

 
990

2018
 
1,777

 
18

 
990

Thereafter
 
7,405

 

 
21,047

Total minimum lease payments
 
$
17,442

 
1,667

 
25,997

Less: Amount representing interest
 
 
 
160

 
14,270

Present value of capital lease and financing obligations
 
 
 
$
1,507

 
$
11,727

Litigation
From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of any currently pending legal proceedings to which we are a party will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
6. Debt
Convertible Notes
In December 2011, we issued convertible promissory notes (the 2011 Notes) totaling $10.1 million and bearing interest at 7% per annum. We received net proceeds of $10.1 million after deducting issuance costs of $38,000 . The notes were due December 2016 and could be extended at our option for an additional two years. If equity interests of greater than $12.0 million were sold to new investors, the 2011 Notes and accrued unpaid interest were, for 30 days, convertible at the option of the holder into the same type of membership interests as the equity financing at 90% of the price per unit of the equity financing.
In March 2012, we issued convertible promissory notes (the 2012 Notes) totaling $2.5 million with substantially the same terms as the 2011 Notes. We received net proceeds of $2.5 million after deducting issuance costs of $10,000 .
We concluded that our ability to extend the term and the right of the holder to convert the 2011 and 2012 Notes into another security at the discounted price qualify as features that should be bifurcated as a compound embedded derivative. The fair value of the derivatives at issuance of the 2011 and 2012 Notes were $3.8 million and $922,000, respectively. The impact of the change in fair value of the derivatives of $3.3 million for 2012 was reported in “Other income and (expense), net” on the consolidated statement of operations.
We recorded interest expense of $762,000 during the year ended December 31, 2012 related to the 2011 and 2012 Notes.


F-23


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

During 2012, in conjunction with the issuance of Series C preferred units, we settled the $13.5 million of outstanding principal and interest with 3,006,442 Series C preferred units resulting in a loss of $4.2 million , which is reported in “Other income and (expense), net” on the consolidated statement of operations.
Debt to Related Party
On August 29, 2011 , we received an unsecured loan of $1.0 million from a founder and Managing Director, accruing interest at 7% . The loan was paid in full during the year ended December 31, 2012. We recorded interest expense of $47,000 during the year ended December 31, 2012 related to such debt agreement.
Debt
On August 31, 2009 , we received financing from the Iowa Department of Economic Development (IDED) that provides for a loan of $100,000 , accruing interest at 5% , due in monthly installments maturing on August 31, 2014 . The loan is secured by an irrevocable letter of credit of $25,000 at December 31, 2013 , which is a decrease from $45,000 at December 31, 2012 .
In addition, we received a loan of $150,000 from IDED on August 31, 2009. We are required to pay the lesser of 2% of prior year total gross revenue or $25,000 per year until $225,000 has been remitted. We expect to pay $25,000 in 2014, and therefore, the principal portion of $16,000 and $108,000 have been reflected in the current and long-term portion of debt on our balance sheet, respectively. Interest will be accreted over the estimated period of repayment. Under the terms of both IDED notes, we were required to create 20 jobs in Iowa by May 2012 and maintain them through May 2014, which we did. In the event such conditions were not met, $150,000 of the loan amount would have been immediately due and payable. We recorded interest expense of $11,000 for both of the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 related to such 2009 debt agreements.
On February 15, 2010 , we received financing from IDED that provides for a forgivable grant of $150,000 . The grant is forgivable after 10 years unless any of the following events occur: we complete an initial public offering, our operations and development center move out of Iowa, or we sell 51% or more of our assets or the company. If any of these events occur, the grant will be required to be repaid in a lump sum, accruing 6% interest. We recorded interest expense of $11,000 and $9,000 for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 , respectively, related to such debt agreement.
On April 30, 2010 , we received a loan of $100,000 from the City of Ames, maturing May 2015 and accruing interest at 1.625% per annum, due in monthly installments. The loan is secured by furniture located in Ames, Iowa. Under the terms of the loan, we are required to create 62 jobs by January 2015. In the event that such condition is not met, we must repay $213 per job not created. We expect to meet this requirement. We recorded interest expense of $1,000 in both of the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 related to such debt agreements. On May 20, 2010 , we received a non-interest bearing loan of $500,000 from IDED, which is due in monthly installments from September 2010 through August 2015 . Under the terms of the loan, we are required to create 62 jobs by January 2013 and maintain them through January 2015. In the event that such condition is not met, the remaining unpaid principal is immediately due and payable. We expect to meet this requirement. The loan is secured by a personal guaranty from a founder and managing director.
On February 1, 2011 , we received financing from IDED that provides for a grant in the form of a forgivable loan of $2.3 million . The note matures in five years, and in the event of default, bears interest at 6%. Under the terms of the loan, we must complete and maintain the project performance obligation, including the creation of 251 qualified jobs by February 2014, and the retention of six previously created qualified jobs through February 2016. The job creation obligation has been met and must be maintained through February 2016. In the event that such condition is not met, we must repay $8,799 per job not maintained. The financing is secured by a letter of credit issued pursuant to our credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank described in


F-24


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 11. As the job creation requirements were met during 2013, and we do not anticipate triggering any default provisions, we recorded the $2.3 million grant against salary expense, and interest expense of $260,000 that had been previously accrued was offset against “Interest expense” on the consolidated statement of operations. In addition, the grant was amended in 2013 to provide for reimbursement of $406,000 of costs incurred in connection with the construction of the first phase of the Ames office building (see Note 5). The amount was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the building in “Property and equipment, net” on the consolidated balance sheet.
On July 14, 2011 , we obtained a $1.0 million line of credit with Bankers Trust. The line of credit has a variable interest rate of the bank’s prime lending rate plus 1.5%. The loan’s interest rate as of December 31, 2013 was 4.75% , and we recorded interest expense of $0 for both of the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 related to such debt agreement. No amounts were outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 , respectively.
During 2012, we entered into various vehicle financing arrangements totaling $85,000 . The loans accrue interest at 8.35% per annum and are due in monthly installments maturing August 2015 . We recorded interest expense of $2,000 and $5,400 for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 , respectively related to such debt agreements.
On March 6, 2013, we obtained a line of credit with Morgan Stanley providing for maximum borrowings of $20.8 million. The availability on the line of credit is limited to the value of our cash and marketable securities held in the associated account at Morgan Stanley of $5.7 million at December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2013, the maximum amount available on the line of credit was $3.3 million, due to an irrevocable letter of credit to support our outstanding furniture lease in the amount of $350,000 and outstanding borrowings on the line of credit of $2.0 million. The line of credit bears interest at a tiered variable rate, is collateralized by our cash and marketable securities and is payable on demand. The line’s interest rate as of December 31, 2013 was 2.25%, and we recorded interest expense of $27,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013 related to such debt agreement.
In October 2013, we received a grant from the Iowa Economic Development Authority (IEDA) in the form of forgivable loans up to $2.5 million and non-interest bearing loans up to $2.5 million available to us based on qualified job growth. On December 20, 2013, the initial disbursement was awarded consisting of $2.0 million in non-interest bearing and forgivable loans. This disbursement was not received by us until after year end and was recorded in “Other receivables” on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2013. After twelve months, we will be eligible to receive an additional $10,000 per job created. As of December 31, 2013, total financing provided by IEDA consisted of a forgivable loan of $1.0 million in addition to a non-interest bearing loan of $1.0 million. The non-interest bearing loan is payable in 60 monthly payments of $16,667 beginning July 1, 2014. In the event of default, both loans bear interest at 6%. Under the terms of the agreement, we must complete and maintain the project performance obligation, including the creation of 700 qualified jobs by October 31, 2018 and the maintenance of those jobs through October 31, 2020. In the event that the performance obligation is not met while the loan is outstanding, we must repay $3,571 of the forgivable loan per job not created and maintained. The financing is secured by a letter of credit issued pursuant to our credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank described in Note 11. Under the terms of the contract, we must repay the outstanding balance of the loans upon the occurrence of any of the following events: we complete an initial public offering, move our headquarter operations out of the State of Iowa, or sell 50.1% or more of our assets or take any action that would result in a transfer of a controlling interest in the business.


F-25


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table summarizes the outstanding principal balance of each loan at December 31, 2013 (in thousands):
 
Original Principal
 
Short-Term
 
Long-Term
 
Outstanding Principal
IDED - August 2009
$
100

 
$
18

 
$

 
$
18

IDED - August 2009
150

 
16

 
108

 
124

IDED - February 2010
150

 

 
150

 
150

City of Ames loan - April 2010
100

 
22

 
9

 
31

IDED - May 2010
500

 
100

 
67

 
167

Vehicles
85

 
29

 
20

 
49

Morgan Stanley line of credit
N/A

 
2,018

 

 
2,018

IEDA forgivable loan - December 2013
1,000

 

 
1,000

 
1,000

IEDA loan - December 2013
1,000

 
100

 
900

 
1,000

 
$
3,085

 
$
2,303

 
$
2,254

 
$
4,557

Future contractual maturities of long-term debt, excluding $124,000 of long-term debt for which the payment terms are variable, a $150,000 forgivable grant and $1.0 million forgivable grant, at December 31, 2013 , were as follows (in thousands):
2014
$
2,287

2015
296

2016
200

2017
200

2018
200

Thereafter
100

Total
$
3,283

7. Members’ Equity (Deficit)
Our Operating Agreement, as amended and restated, provides for classes of units, allocation of profits and losses, distribution preferences, and other member rights. The Operating Agreement allows for preferred units, common units, capped common units, appreciation units and participation units. Capped common units are interests that entitle the holder to receive distributions up to a stated threshold amount. Appreciation units and participation units are interests that entitle a holder to receive distributions in excess of a stated threshold amount. Preferred units, common units, capped common units and appreciation units generally vote separately as a class. Participation units do not vote. Proposals require a majority vote for approval. Proposals for our dissolution, liquidation or termination also require a majority vote of the preferred units voting as a class and a majority of the common and appreciation units voting as a class. Members are limited in their liability to their capital contributions.
In 2012, we issued 6,046,830 Series C preferred units at $5.00 per unit for proceeds of $29.9 million net of issuance costs of $315,000 . In 2013, we issued an additional 1,433,115 Series C preferred units at $5.00 per unit for proceeds of $7.1 million net of issuance costs of $20,000 .
Our Series A, Series B and Series C preferred units are non-redeemable and are not convertible into any other security.


F-26


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Distributions
Our Amended and Restated Operating Agreement provides that any distributions, other than tax distributions, will be made according to the following priority:
First, to each holder of Series B preferred units and Series C preferred units until the cumulative distributions received (including any tax distributions) by holders of Series B preferred units equal $1.00 per Series B unit and the cumulative distribution received (including any tax distributions) by holders of Series C preferred units equal $5.00 per Series C preferred unit, provided that if the amount of distributable cash and property is insufficient to make such distribution in full, then all distributable cash and property shall be distributed to the holders of the Series B preferred and Series C preferred pro rata on the basis of their respective distribution preferences.
Second, to each holder of Series A preferred units until the cumulative distributions received (including any tax distributions) by each holder of a Series A preferred unit equal $0.20 per Series A preferred unit held.
Third, to each holder of common units or capped common units in proportion to the number of units held until the cumulative distributions received (including tax distributions) by each holder of a common unit or capped common unit equals $0.20 per common unit or capped common unit held.
Fourth, pro rata based on the number of units held to the holders of all units other than Series C preferred units based on the number of units held until the cumulative distributions received by each holder of common units and Series A preferred units equals the amount distributed to holders of Series C units, provided that holders of appreciation units or participation units will only receive distributions to the extent that pro rata distributions to all holders exceed the threshold levels of the applicable appreciation or participation units.
Fifth, pro rata to the holders of all units, provided that holders of appreciation units or participation units will only receive distributions to the extent that pro rata distributions to all holders exceed the threshold levels of the appreciation units or participation units.
Conversion
In the event of a merger, roll-up, consolidation, conversion or other similar transaction by which we change the form to become a corporation, each holder of Series A, B and C preferred units, common units, capped common units, appreciation and participation units will receive equity interests in the successor corporation having a value equal to the amount the unit holder would be entitled to in the event of a liquidation. The rate of conversion is determined based on the valuation at the time of the conversion event and the number of each class of equity units outstanding at that time.
Allocation o f Profits and Losses
Profits and losses are allocated among the members so that the balance in each member’s capital account equals or is as close as possible to the amount such member would receive upon our hypothetical sale and liquidation, assuming that our assets were sold for an amount equal to their book value, all our liabilities were paid and any remaining proceeds were distributed to the members in accordance with the terms of the Operating Agreement.


F-27


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Losses are allocated first to members with positive capital accounts until such capital account balances are reduced to zero, in the reverse order of the priority the members have to receive a return of their capital, as noted above, and then in proportion to the number of units held. Specifically, losses are first allocated to reduce any proceeds from common unit holders to zero, then to offset gross proceeds from Series A preferred unit holders and finally to offset gross proceeds from Series B and C preferred unit holders pro rata based on the number of units held. Once all contributed capital has been reduced to zero, the losses are then allocated pro rata based on the number of units held by each class of member units. Profits are allocated first to offset losses previously allocated, in the reverse order that such losses were allocated, and then in accordance with the members’ rights to receive distributions of profits, as noted above.
During 2012, losses incurred prior to the issuance of Series C preferred units were allocated to offset proceeds from option exercises during the year and then to the outstanding classes of member units pro rata because the capital contributed had been offset entirely by losses in prior periods. The losses incurred subsequent to the issuance of Series C preferred units in 2012 were allocated to offset the gross proceeds of this financing. The 2013 losses offset proceeds from option exercises during the year and the remaining was allocated to the gross proceeds from the 2012 and 2013 issuances Series C preferred units.
As of December 31, 2013 , we had outstanding voting units as follows:
Preferred units - Series A
21,050,000

Preferred units - Series B
15,665,525

Preferred units - Series C
10,486,387

Common and capped common units
16,813,306

Appreciation units
18,054,000

Total
82,069,218

8. Equity-Based Compensation
Our equity incentive plan is intended to attract and retain talented directors, employees and outside service providers to maximize efforts for our success. We utilize equity-based compensation in the form of restricted participation units, appreciation units and options to purchase common units which we have determined are all substantive classes of equity for accounting purposes.
We adopted the 2009 Unit Incentive Plan, as amended in July 2010 and October 2012 (the 2009 Plan). At December 31, 2013 , the remaining number of common and appreciation units authorized to be granted under the 2009 Plan was 8,061,252 . Options to purchase common units and appreciation units generally vest over a four-year period and are recorded as equity awards. Options are generally granted for a term of ten years.
Equity-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 , was $6,931,000 and $1,198,000 for restricted participation units and options to purchase common units, respectively. Equity-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $224,000 and $3,146,000 for restricted participation and appreciation units and options to purchase common units, respectively. During 2012, 4,250,000 of the appreciation units granted immediately vested in accordance with the terms of the award.


F-28


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Our equity-based compensation expense associated with restricted participation and appreciation units and options to purchase common units was recorded in the following cost and expense categories consistent with the respective employee’s related cash compensation (in thousands):
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Cost of revenue
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
80

 
$
200

Professional services
144

 
171

Operating expenses
 
 
 
Research and development
194

 
762

Sales and marketing
293

 
799

General and administrative
7,418

 
1,438

Total
$
8,129

 
$
3,370

The fair value of each option, participation and appreciation unit grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly-traded stock options of comparable companies over the estimated expected life of the options. The expected term represents the period of time the options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the “simplified method.” We used the “simplified method” due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected life of the options. The risk-free interest rate is based on yields on U.S. Treasury STRIPS with a maturity similar to the estimated expected term of the options. The fair value of our participation and appreciation units and options was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted-average assumptions:
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2013
Expected term (in years)
6.1 - 10.0
 
6.1 - 10.0
Risk-free interest rate
0.75% - 1.78%
 
1.00% - 2.89%
Expected volatility
51.35% - 53.09%
 
51.09% - 53.84%
Forfeiture rate
0.89%
 
0% - 6.02%


F-29


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table summarizes the option activity under the 2009 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2013 :




Options
 

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2012
8,787,945

 
$
1.48

 
8.5

 
$
42,241

Granted
574,700

 
3.36

 
 
 
 
Forfeited
486,387

 
2.01

 
 
 
 
Exercised
262,316

 
0.97

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
8,613,942

 
$
1.58

 
7.5

 
$
40,449

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable options at December 31, 2013
5,289,200

 
$
1.17

 
7.1

 
$
27,009

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 was $73,000 and $638,000, respectively.
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 was $1.46 and $2.47 , respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 was approximately $795,000 and $2,281,000, respectively. Total unrecognized compensation expense of $3,760,000 related to options will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.24 years. Total compensation expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 for outstanding options granted to service providers was $676,000 and $1,560,000, respectively, based on the fair value on the vesting date or the fair value on the reporting date if unvested.
A summary of restricted participation and appreciation unit activity under the Plan for the year ended December 31, 2013 is presented below:




Units
 
Weighted average threshold amount
Outstanding at December 31, 2012
1,497,812

 
$
0.39

Granted

 

Forfeited

 

Vested
(1,194,686
)
 
0.36

Outstanding at December 31, 2013
303,126

 
$
0.52

 
 
 
 
Vested and unvested at December 31, 2013
21,982,220

 
$
1.44

The weighted average grant-date fair value of participation and appreciation units granted in 2012 was $1.54 . At December 31, 2013 , 21,679,000 participation and appreciation units were vested and would receive cash upon liquidation per common unit in excess of a weighted-average threshold amount of $1.45. The total fair value of participation and appreciat ion units vested during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 was approximately $7.0 million and $242,000, respectively . Total compensation expense of $50,120 related to unvested units will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.41 years.


F-30


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table summarizes the activity of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 (in thousands):
 
 
Accumulated translation adjustment
 
Accumulated unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale securities
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance at December 31, 2011
 
$

 
$

 
$

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(2
)
 
(40
)
 
(42
)
Balance at December 31, 2012
 
(2
)
 
(40
)
 
(42
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
56

 
(156
)
 
(100
)
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
$
54

 
$
(196
)
 
$
(142
)
10. Segments
Our chief operating decision maker reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. There are no segment managers who are held accountable by the chief operating decision maker, or anyone else, for operations, operating results and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, we determined we have a single operating segment. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013, 98.3% and 95.8% of our revenue, respectively, and substantially all of our long-lived assets were attributable to operations in the United States.
11. Subsequent Events
We have evaluated all subsequent events through August 26, 2014, the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.
In July 2014, we issued a subordinated promissory note totaling $5.0 million with a 7% coupon rate and maturing January 31, 2016. The note contains an option to convert outstanding principal and paid-in-kind interest into our Class A common stock upon successful completion of an initial public offering at a 10% discount to the offering price. Shares that the holder would receive upon electing to convert are subject to a lock-up agreement for 180 days after the consummation of this offering. If the holder does not elect to convert prior to the consummation of this offering, the holder loses the right to convert, and the coupon rate will adjust to 10%, payable monthly in arrears, for the remainder of the term. In the event that, prior to the consummation of our initial public offering, we experience a change of control of the company or we issue securities with an aggregate offering amount greater than $20 million in a private offering, we will be required to redeem the note for an amount equal to 110% of the aggregate of the outstanding principal amount and accrued interest on the note. We have concluded that certain of the embedded features of the note will be bifurcated and accounted for as a compound derivative.
In August 2014, we entered into a $15.0 million credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank. Borrowing capacity is equal to the most recent month’s subscription and support revenue multiplied by a percentage that adjusts based on the prior quarter’s customer retention rate. The credit facility can be used to fund working capital and general business requirements and matures in August 2016. The credit facility is secured by all tangible assets, has first priority over our other debt obligations, and requires us to maintain certain financial covenants, including the maintenance of at least $5.0 million of cash on hand or unused borrowing capacity. The facility contains certain restrictive covenants that limit our ability to transfer or dispose of assets, merge with other


F-31


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness and liens, experience changes in management and enter into new businesses. Amounts borrowed under the credit facility accrue interest at a variable interest rate of prime plus 1.0%, with interest payable monthly and the principal balance due at maturity. In connection with the credit facility, the bank issued letters of credit: (i) in the amount of $2.3 million as security against the February 2011 IDED forgivable loan, with fulfilled job growth requirements, that will continue in a maintenance period through February 2016; (ii) in the amount of $2.0 million as security against the December 2013 IEDA non-interest bearing loan and forgivable loan; and (iii) to Bankers Trust in the amount of $2.5 million as security for our existing and future equipment leases.


F-32



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands except per share amounts)

 
As of December 31, 2013
 
As of September 30, 2014
 
 
 
(unaudited)
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
15,515

 
$
20,275

Marketable securities
2,436

 

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $111 and $239 at December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014, respectively
13,885

 
11,156

Deferred commissions
301

 
710

Other receivables
2,856

 
616

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
891

 
1,833

Total current assets
35,884

 
34,590

 
 
 
 
Restricted cash
179

 
426

Restricted marketable securities
2,368

 

Property and equipment, net
34,715

 
44,949

Intangible assets, net
167

 
397

Other assets
631

 
889

Deferred initial public offering costs

 
1,305

Total assets
$
73,944

 
$
82,556

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
3,993

 
$
5,035

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
8,939

 
12,971

Deferred revenue
27,367

 
37,655

Current portion of capital lease and financing obligations
723

 
1,937

Current portion of long-term debt
2,303

 
351

Total current liabilities
43,325

 
57,949

 
 
 
 
Deferred revenue, net of current portion
9,018

 
14,222

Deferred rent, net of current portion
335

 
473

Convertible note

 
3,993

Derivative liability

 
1,246

Capital lease and financing obligations
12,511

 
23,086

Other long-term debt
2,254

 
4,991

Construction liability
7,636

 

Total liabilities
75,079

 
105,960



F-33



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

 
As of December 31, 2013
 
As of September 30, 2014
 
 
 
(unaudited)
MEMBERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
 
 
 
Series A preferred units, 21,050,000 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014
(9,711
)
 
(13,844
)
Series B preferred units, 15,665,525 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014
(6,485
)
 
(9,526
)
Series C preferred units, 10,486,387 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014
10,849

 
(2,035
)
Common units, 18,954,806 and 19,169,737 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014, respectively
482

 
2,302

Appreciation and participation units, 21,679,094 and 21,982,220 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014, respectively
3,872

 
(393
)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
(142
)
 
92

Total members’ equity (deficit)
(1,135
)
 
(23,404
)
Total liabilities and members’ equity (deficit)
$
73,944

 
$
82,556

See accompanying notes.


F-34



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2014
Revenue
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
46,015

 
$
66,306

Professional services
15,567

 
16,259

Total revenue
61,582

 
82,565

Cost of revenue
 
 
 
Subscription and support
10,724

 
15,078

Professional services
7,106

 
8,826

Total cost of revenue
17,830

 
23,904

Gross profit
43,752

 
58,661

Operating expenses
 
 
 
Research and development
24,991

 
32,142

Sales and marketing
30,381

 
39,391

General and administrative
10,612

 
13,941

Total operating expenses
65,984

 
85,474

Loss from operations
(22,232
)
 
(26,813
)
Interest expense
(359
)
 
(1,281
)
Other income and (expense), net
70

 
(260
)
Net loss
$
(22,521
)
 
$
(28,354
)
 
 
 
 
Pro forma net loss and per share information (unaudited)
 
 
 
Pro forma provision for income taxes
 
 

Pro forma net loss
 
 
$
(28,354
)
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share
 
 
 
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted
 
 
 
See accompanying notes.



F-35



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)

 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2014
Net loss
$
(22,521
)
 
$
(28,354
)
Other comprehensive (loss) income
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
4

 
39

 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities
(157
)
 
59

Reclassification of realized net losses on available-for-sale securities to net loss
4

 
136

Available-for-sale securities
(153
)
 
195

 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive (loss) income
(149
)
 
234

Comprehensive loss
$
(22,670
)
 
$
(28,120
)
See accompanying notes.



F-36


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF MEMBERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in thousands)

 
Series A
Preferred Units
 
Series B Preferred Units
 
Series C Preferred Units
 
Common Units
 
Appreciation and Participation
Units
 
Accum-ulated Other Compre-hensive Income (Loss)
 
Total Members’ Equity (Deficit)
 
Units
 
Amount
 
Units
 
Amount
 
Units
 
Amount
 
Units
 
Amount
 
Units
 
Amount
 
 
Balances at December 31, 2013
21,050

 
$
(9,711
)
 
15,665

 
$
(6,485
)
 
10,486

 
$
10,849

 
18,954

 
$
482

 
21,679

 
$
3,872

 
$
(142
)
 
$
(1,135
)
Issuance of units in connection with vesting of restricted appreciation and participation units

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
303

 

 

 

Equity-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
5,539

 

 
 
 

 
5,539

Exercise of common unit options

 

 

 

 

 

 
215

 
363

 

 

 

 
363

Distribution to members

 
(49
)
 

 
(2
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(51
)
Net loss

 
(4,084
)
 

 
(3,039
)
 

 
(12,884
)
 

 
(4,082
)
 

 
(4,265
)
 

 
(28,354
)
Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
234

 
234

Balances at September 30, 2014
21,050

 
$
(13,844
)
 
15,665

 
$
(9,526
)
 
10,486

 
$
(2,035
)
 
19,169

 
$
2,302

 
21,982

 
$
(393
)
 
$
92

 
$
(23,404
)
See accompanying notes.



F-37



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2014
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
Net loss
$
(22,521
)
 
$
(28,354
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
1,618

 
2,752

Equity-based compensation expense
2,650

 
5,539

Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts
(28
)
 
128

Accretion of discount on debt

 
133

Paid-in-kind interest on convertible note

 
58

Change in fair value of derivative liability

 
48

Realized losses on sale of available-for-sale securities

 
136

Changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(2,057
)
 
2,584

Deferred commissions
73

 
(411
)
Other receivables
(26
)
 
240

Prepaid expenses and other
23

 
(942
)
Other assets
(258
)
 
(165
)
Accounts payable
325

 
371

Deferred revenue
6,240

 
15,517

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
2,160

 
3,608

Change in restricted cash

 
54

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
(11,801
)
 
1,296

 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Purchase of property and equipment
(8,737
)
 
(8,044
)
Purchase of available-for-sale securities
(921
)
 

Sale of available-for-sale securities
920

 
4,864

Purchase of intangible assets
(133
)
 
(237
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(8,871
)
 
(3,417
)
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of Series C preferred units
7,165

 

Payment of equity issuance costs
(20
)
 

Payments of deferred offering costs

 
(57
)
Proceeds from issuance of convertible note

 
5,000

Proceeds from option exercises
115

 
363

Repayment of long-term debt
(139
)
 
(198
)
Changes in restricted cash
20

 
(300
)
Principal payments on capital lease and financing obligations
(256
)
 
(781
)


F-38



WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(in thousands)

 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2014
Distributions to members
(51
)
 
(51
)
Proceeds from borrowings on line of credit
2,005

 
3,020

Payment of issuance costs on line of credit

 
(99
)
Repayment of line of credit

 
(2,038
)
Government loan award

 
2,000

Net cash provided by financing activities
8,839

 
6,859

Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash
(12
)
 
22

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(11,845
)
 
4,760

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
24,979

 
15,515

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
13,134

 
$
20,275

 
 
 
 
Supplemental cash flow disclosure
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for interest
$
268

 
$
1,010

 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
 
 
 
Fixed assets acquired through financing obligation
$
4,340

 
$
3,478

Fixed assets acquired through capital lease arrangement
$
1,484

 
$
1,454

Accrued offering costs
$

 
$
1,248

See accompanying notes.


F-39


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies
Orga n ization
We converted from a California limited liability company to a Delaware limited liability company in September 2014. Workiva LLC has pioneered a cloud- and mobile-based platform for enterprises to collect, manage, report and analyze critical data in real time. Our software platform, Wdesk, allows users to access and control all of their business data, regardless of format or location, with innovative live-linking technology. We offer our customers solutions for compliance, risk, sustainability and management reporting, and enterprise risk management that are delivered through our Wdesk platform. Our operational headquarters are located in Ames, Iowa, with additional offices located in the United States, Europe and Canada.
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The financial information presented in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) and in accordance with rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this prospectus. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting primarily of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations. The operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2014.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Workiva LLC and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Unaudited Pro Forma Loss and Per Share Information
Prior to the issuance of any of our shares of Class A common stock in an initial public offering, we will convert from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation and change our name from Workiva LLC to Workiva Inc. In conjunction with the corporate conversion, all of our outstanding Series A, B and C preferred units, common units, capped common units, appreciation units, participation units and options to purchase common units will automatically convert into shares of our common stock or options to purchase common stock. The ratio at which each class of outstanding equity units and options will be converted into shares of our common stock or options will be determined using a formula based on the midpoint of the price range of our Class A common stock set forth on the cover of this prospectus. The conversion rates are set forth below:


F-40


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

 
 
Rate of conversion
Preferred units - Series A
 
 
Preferred units - Series B
 
 
Preferred units - Series C
 
 
Common units
 
 
Capped common units ($.20 cap)
 
 
Capped common units ($1.00 cap)
 
 
Capped common units ($4.00 cap)
 
 
Appreciation units ($.20 threshold price)
 
 
Appreciation unit ($.30 threshold price)
 
 
Appreciation units ($3.36 threshold price)
 
 
Participation units ($1.00 threshold price)
 
 
Participation units ($4.00 threshold price)
 
 
We will have two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock are identical, except as set forth in the certificate of incorporation, including with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of our Class A common stock will be entitled to one vote per share and will not be convertible into any other shares of our capital stock. Each share of our Class B common stock will be entitled to ten votes per share and will be convertible into one share of our Class A common stock at any time. Shares of our Class B common stock also will automatically convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon certain transfers and other events.
Prior to the corporate conversion, no provision or benefit for income taxes was included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations because our results of operations were allocated to our members for inclusion in their respective income tax returns. The pro forma loss information set forth below provides an adjustment for income tax expense as if we had converted to a corporation on January 1, 2013.
We compute the pro forma loss per share of Class A and Class B common stock as if we converted to a corporation on January 1, 2013. Pro forma basic loss per share is computed using pro forma net loss divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Pro forma diluted loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and the effect of potentially dilutive equity awards outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of stock options and unvested shares of common stock. Outstanding stock options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and unvested Class A shares are not included in the diluted loss per share calculation because they would have had an antidilutive effect. The computation of the diluted loss per share of Class A common stock does not assume the conversion of Class B common stock because the effect of the conversion would not be dilutive.


F-41


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table sets forth the computation of pro forma net loss and pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share for Class A and Class B common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 (in thousands, except share amounts and per share amounts):
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2014
Net loss
 
$28,354
Pro forma provision for income taxes
 
Pro forma net loss
 
$28,354
 
 
 
Numerator
 
 
Pro forma net loss - Class A
 
 
Pro forma net loss - Class B
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator
 
 
Pro forma weighted-average Class A common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
 
 
Pro forma weighted-average Class B common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share - Class A
 
 
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share - Class B
 
 
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. These estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of the relative selling prices of our services, self-insurance reserves for claims incurred but not yet reported, derivative valuation assumptions and certain assumptions used in the valuation of equity awards. While these estimates are based on our best knowledge of current events and actions that may affect us in the future, actual results may differ materially from these estimates.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Our financial assets, which include cash equivalents, marketable securities and derivative instruments are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Our other current financial assets and our other current financial liabilities have fair values that approximate their carrying value due to their short term maturities.


F-42


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

2. Marketable Securities
At December 31, 2013 , marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Gains
 
Unrealized Losses
 
Aggregate Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic debt mutual funds
 
$
5,000

 
$

 
$
(196
)
 
$
4,804

Money market funds
 
13,923

 

 

 
13,923

 
 
$
18,923

 
$

 
$
(196
)
 
$
18,727

Included in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
13,923

 
$

 
$

 
$
13,923

Included in marketable securities
 
$
5,000

 
$

 
$
(196
)
 
$
4,804

At September 30, 2014 , we reported money market funds with an amortized cost and aggregate fair value of $17.1 million in cash and cash equivalents.
In April 2014, management made a decision to change our investment strategy, and we sold our domestic debt mutual funds, resulting in a realized loss of $136,000 reported in other income and (expense), net during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 .
3. Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet Information
Other Receivables
Other receivables as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014 consisted of (in thousands):
 
December 31,
2013
 
September 30, 2014 (unaudited)
Government loan award
$
2,000

 
$

Other receivables
856

 
616

 
$
2,856

 
$
616

Restricted Cash
At September 30, 2014 , we had $25,000 of restricted cash associated with an irrevocable letter of credit in place as collateral for a loan from the Iowa Economic Development Authority (IEDA), $100,000 associated with an irrevocable letter of credit in place as collateral for a lease on a building and $300,000 serving as collateral for an irrevocable letter of credit with Morgan Stanley.


F-43


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Property and Equipment
Property and equipment as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014 consisted of (in thousands):
 
December 31,
2013
 
September 30, 2014 (unaudited)
Buildings
$
17,056

 
$
36,975

Computers, equipment and software
4,934

 
6,526

Furniture and fixtures
4,470

 
6,771

Vehicles
97

 
149

Leasehold improvements
523

 
934

Construction in process
11,676

 
160

 
38,756

 
51,515

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
4,041

 
6,566

 
$
34,715

 
$
44,949

The following assets included in property and equipment, net were acquired under capital and financing leases (see Note 5) (in thousands):
 
December 31,
2013
 
September 30, 2014 (unaudited)
Buildings
$
17,056

 
$
36,975

Computers and equipment
1,356

 
2,811

Furniture and fixtures
392

 
392

 
18,804

 
40,178

Less: accumulated amortization
607

 
1,878

 
$
18,197

 
$
38,300

Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $1.6 million and $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 , respectively, and includes $382,000 and $1.5 million of amortization of assets recorded under capital and financing leases during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 , respectively.
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014 consisted of (in thousands):
 
December 31,
2013
 
September 30, 2014 (unaudited)
Accrued vacation
$
2,175

 
$
2,766

Accrued commissions
1,118

 
1,305

Accrued payroll
3,101

 
2,724

Self-insurance reserves
692

 
743

Accrued other liabilities
1,853

 
5,433

 
$
8,939

 
$
12,971



F-44


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

4. Fair Value Measurements
We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability and establishes that the fair value of an asset or liability shall be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs based on our assumptions.
The following tables present financial assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013 using:
 
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other
Observable
Remaining Inputs
 
Significant Other
Unobservable
Remaining Inputs
Description
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
 
$
13,923

 
$
13,923

 
$

 
$

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic debt funds
 
4,804

 
4,804

 

 

Total assets measured at fair value
 
$
18,727

 
$
18,727

 
$

 
$



F-45


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2014 using:
 
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Remaining Inputs
 
Significant Other Unobservable Remaining Inputs
Description
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
 
$
17,079

 
$
17,079

 
$

 
$

Total assets measured at fair value
 
$
17,079

 
$
17,079

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Convertible note - embedded derivative
 
$
(1,246
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(1,246
)
Total liabilities measured at fair value
 
$
(1,246
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(1,246
)
To derive the fair value of the embedded derivative in the table above, we estimated the fair value of the convertible note (see Note 6) “with” and “without” the embedded derivative using a discounted cash-flow approach. The difference between the “with” and “without” note prices was determined to be the fair value of the embedded derivative at inception. Key inputs for this valuation model are the stated interest rate of the convertible note, our assumed cost of debt, assessment of the likelihood of conversion, timing and the stated value of the discount upon conversion of the notes into our equity. The derivative liability is re-measured at fair value each reporting period and changes in the fair value measurement of the embedded derivative are reported in “Other income and expense, net” on the consolidated statement of operations.
We have classified the derivative liability as Level 3 due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs such as the probability-weighting of the various scenarios in the arrangement. The following table represents a rollforward of the fair value of Level 3 instruments (significant unobservable inputs):
 
 
December 31, 2013
 
September 30, 2014 (unaudited)
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
 

 

Convertible notes - embedded derivative
 

 
1,199

Change in fair value of derivative
 

 
47

Balance at end of period
 
$

 
$
1,246

Other Fair Value Measurement
At September 30, 2014 , the fair value of the our debt obligations approximated the carrying amount of $5.3 million . The estimated fair value was based in part on our consideration of incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. We have generally classified the fair value of our debt obligations as Level 3 due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs, such as probability-weighting whether payment of interest will be required in the event of default under terms of certain of the arrangements.


F-46


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

5. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
We lease certain office and residential space under noncancelable operating or financing lease arrangements with various lease terms through June 2043. Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 was $1.9 million and $2.1 million , respectively.
During 2013 and 2014, we leased computer equipment and furniture from various parties under capital lease agreements with lease terms through March 2018. The total amount financed under these capital leases was $1.5 million during both of the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 .
As of September 30, 2014 , future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating, capital, and financing leases were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Operating
Leases
 
Financing Obligations
 
Capital Leases
Remaining three months of fiscal 2014
 
$
593

 
$
670

 
$
486

2015
 
2,555

 
2,681

 
1,017

2016
 
2,659

 
2,681

 
702

2017
 
2,449

 
2,681

 
89

2018
 
2,100

 
2,681

 
18

Thereafter
 
10,290

 
35,015

 

Total minimum lease payments
 
$
20,646

 
46,409

 
2,312

Less: Amount representing interest
 
 
 
23,792

 
184

Present value of capital lease and financing obligations
 
 
 
$
22,617

 
$
2,128

Litigation
From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of any currently pending legal proceedings to which we are a party will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
6. Debt
Convertible Note
In July 2014, we issued a subordinated promissory note totaling $5.0 million with a 7% coupon rate and maturing January 31, 2016. The note contains an option to convert outstanding principal and paid-in-kind interest into our Class A common stock upon successful completion of an initial public offering at a 10% discount to the offering price. Shares that the holder would receive upon electing to convert are subject to a lock-up agreement for 180 days after the consummation of this offering. If the holder does not elect to convert prior to the consummation of this offering, the holder loses the right to convert, and the coupon rate will adjust to 10%, payable monthly in arrears, for the remainder of the term. In the event that, prior to the consummation of our initial public offering, we experience a change of control of the company or we issue securities with an aggregate offering amount greater than $20 million in a private offering, we will be required


F-47


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

to redeem the note for an amount equal to 110% of the aggregate of the outstanding principal amount and accrued interest on the note.
We evaluated the convertible debt instrument under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and concluded it would be accounted for as a liability. We concluded the holder’s redemption rights upon a new equity financing or change of control event and the holder’s options to either convert the note into shares in the event of an initial public offering or to continue receiving simple interest at a 10% paid-in-kind coupon rate were embedded features of the note that were required to be bifurcated and accounted for as a compound derivative in accordance with ASC 815-15, Derivatives and Hedging . We recorded $1.2 million as the fair value of the embedded derivative liability upon issuance of the convertible note as of July 31, 2014, with a corresponding amount recorded as a debt discount. The discount is accreted to interest expense over the term of the note. The change in fair value of the derivative resulted in expense of $47,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 reported in “Other income and (expense), net” on the consolidated statement of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , we recorded $191,000 of interest related to the convertible note.
Debt
In August 2014, we entered into a $15.0 million credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank which was amended effective as of September 30, 2014. As a result of this amendment, the credit facility is secured by all of our assets, and any outstanding letters of credit were removed from the borrowing base calculation. In addition, a letter of credit to Bankers Trust in the amount of $2.5 million was cancelled.
7. Equity-Based Compensation
Our equity incentive plan is intended to attract and retain talented directors, employees and outside service providers to maximize efforts for our success. We utilize equity-based compensation in the form of restricted participation units, appreciation units and options to purchase common units which we have determined are all substantive classes of equity for accounting purposes.
We adopted the 2009 Unit Incentive Plan, as amended in July 2010 and October 2012 (the 2009 Plan). At September 30, 2014 , the remaining number of common and appreciation units authorized to be granted under the 2009 Plan was 1,365,038 . Options to purchase common units and appreciation units generally vest over a four-year period and are recorded as equity awards. Options are generally granted for a term of ten years.
Equity-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was $50,000 and $5.5 million for restricted participation and appreciation units and options to purchase common units, respectively. Equity-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was $175,000 and $2.5 million for restricted participation units and options to purchase common units, respectively.


F-48


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Our equity-based compensation expense associated with restricted participation and appreciation units and options to purchase common units was recorded in the following cost and expense categories consistent with the respective employee’s related cash compensation (in thousands):
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2014
Cost of revenue
 
 
 
Subscription and support
$
159

 
$
403

Professional services
139

 
264

Operating expenses
 
 
 
Research and development
627

 
1,443

Sales and marketing
544

 
889

General and administrative
1,181

 
2,540

Total
$
2,650

 
$
5,539

The fair value of each option, participation and appreciation unit grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly-traded stock options of comparable companies over the estimated expected life of the options. The expected term represents the period of time the options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the “simplified method.” We used the “simplified method” due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected life of the options. The risk-free interest rate is based on yields on U.S. Treasury STRIPS with a maturity similar to the estimated expected life of the options. The fair value of our participation and appreciation units and options was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted-average assumptions:
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2014
Expected life (years)
6.1 - 10.0
 
5.0 - 10.0
Risk-free interest rate
1.00% - 2.48%
 
1.52% - 2.80%
Expected volatility
51.09% - 53.84%
 
45.84% - 52.50%
Forfeiture rate
0% - 6.02%
 
0% - 6.76%


F-49


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table summarizes the option activity under the 2009 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 :




Options
 

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
8,613,942

 
$
1.58

 
7.5

 
$
40,449

Granted
6,984,760

 
6.28

 
 
 
 
Forfeited
288,546

 
3.96

 
 
 
 
Exercised
214,931

 
1.69

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2014
15,095,225

 
$
3.71

 
8.1

 
$
38,711

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable options at September 30, 2014
7,171,234

 
$
1.74

 
6.8

 
$
32,524

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 was $189,000 and $986,000 , respectively.
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 was $2.47 and $3.12 , respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 was approximately $1.4 million and $4.3 million , respectively. Total unrecognized compensation expense of $18.7 million related to options will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.37 years.
Total compensation expense recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 for outstanding options granted to service providers was $1.2 million and $1.6 million , respectively, based on the fair value on the vesting date or the fair value on the reporting date if unvested.
A summary of restricted participation and appreciation unit activity under the Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is presented below:




Units
 
Weighted average threshold amount
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
303,126

 
$
0.52

Granted

 

Forfeited

 

Vested
(303,126
)
 
0.52

Outstanding at September 30, 2014

 
$

 
 
 
 
Vested and unvested at September 30, 2014
21,982,220

 
$
1.44

At September 30, 2014 , 21,982,220 participation and appreciation units were vested and would receive cash upon liquidation per common unit in excess of a weighted-average threshold amount of $1.44 . The total fair value of participation and appreciat ion units vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014 was approximately $191,000 and $77,000 , respectively . As of September 30, 2014 , there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to participation and appreciation units.


F-50


WORKIVA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

8. Subsequent Events
We have evaluated all subsequent events through October 16, 2014, the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.


F-51
























PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth all expenses to be paid by the Registrant, other than estimated underwriting discounts and commissions, in connection with our initial public offering. All amounts shown are estimates except for the SEC registration fee, the FINRA filing fee, and the New York Stock Exchange initial listing fee:


II-1



 
Amount
to be Paid
SEC registration fee
$
11,620
 
FINRA filing fee
11,750
 
New York Stock Exchange initial listing fee
 
Printing and engraving expenses
 
Legal fees and expenses
 
Accounting fees and expenses
 
Transfer agent and registrar fees
 
Miscellaneous
 
Total
$





II-2



Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Section 145 of the DGCL authorizes a court to award, or a corporation’s board of directors to grant, indemnity to directors and officers under certain circumstances and subject to certain limitations. The terms of Section 145 of the DGCL are sufficiently broad to permit indemnification under certain circumstances for liabilities, including reimbursement of expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act.
As permitted by the DGCL, the Registrant’s certificate of incorporation that will be in effect at the closing of the Registrant’s initial public offering contains provisions that eliminate the personal liability of its directors for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as a director, except liability for the following:
any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;
any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the DGCL; or
any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
As permitted by the DGCL, the Registrant’s bylaws that will be in effect following the corporate conversion provide that:
the Registrant is required to indemnify its directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, subject to very limited exceptions;
the Registrant may indemnify its other employees and agents as set forth in the DGCL;
the Registrant is required to advance expenses, as incurred, to its directors and executive officers in connection with a legal proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, subject to very limited exceptions; and
the rights conferred in the certificate of incorporation and bylaws are not exclusive.
The Registrant intends to enter into separate indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers to provide these directors and executive officers additional contractual assurances regarding the scope of the indemnification set forth in the Registrant’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws and to provide additional procedural protections. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director or executive officer of the Registrant regarding which indemnification is sought. Reference is also made to the underwriting agreement to be filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this registration statement, which provides for the indemnification of executive officers, directors and controlling persons of the Registrant against certain liabilities. The indemnification provisions in the Registrant’s certificate of incorporation, bylaws and the indemnification agreements to be entered into between the Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of the Registrant’s directors and executive officers for liabilities arising under the Securities Act.
The Registrant currently carries liability insurance for its directors and officers.


II-3



Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Since September 30, 2011, the Registrant has sold the following unregistered securities (after giving effect to a five-for-one split of all outstanding classes of units and options to purchase units effected in October 2012):
a)
Since September 30, 2011 , we granted an aggregate of (i) 4,250,000 appreciation units and (ii) options to purchase 10,519,210 common units with exercise prices ranging from $1.00 to $6.28 per unit, to our employees, directors and bona fide consultants under the 2009 Unit Incentive Plan. Since September 30, 2011 , options to purchase 574,591 common units have been exercised to date for aggregate consideration of $698,000 , at exercise prices ranging from $0.20 to $6.28 per unit. The offers, sales and issuances of these securities were exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act as transactions under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance upon Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act or Rule 504 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering.
b)
From November to December 2011, we issued 7% convertible notes due December 2016 in an aggregate original principal amount of $10.1 million. From January to March 2012, we issued 7% convertible notes due December 2016 in an aggregate original principal amount of $2.465 million. The offers, sales and issuances of these securities were exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering.
c)
From October 2012 to February 2013, we sold an aggregate of 7,479,945 Series C preferred units to accredited investors at a purchase price of $5 per unit for an aggregate purchase price of $37.4 million to a total of 141 accredited investors. In conjunction with these sales, the total outstanding principal and interest of $13.6 million under the 2011 and 2012 Notes was converted at the option of the holders into 3,006,442 Series C preferred units. The offer, sale and issuance of the Series C preferred units, and the issuance of Series C preferred units upon the conversion of the outstanding 2011 and 2012 Notes, were exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering.
d)
On July 31, 2014, we issued a 7% convertible note in the original amount of $5.0 million due January 31, 2016 to an accredited investor. The offer, sale and issuance of the convertible note were exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering. At the option of the note holder, the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest of the convertible note will convert upon the closing of the offering into a number of shares of our Class A common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the unpaid principal amount of the convertible note plus interest accrued but unpaid thereon, by 90% of the initial public offering price.
The recipients of the securities in each of these transactions represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and either received or had adequate access, through employment, business or other relationships, to information about us. The sales of these securities were made without general solicitation or advertising and without the involvement of any underwriter.
As a result of the corporate conversion, all outstanding equity units and options to purchase equity units will be converted into shares of our common stock and options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock, respectively. Assuming an initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of the prospectus included in this Registration Statement,


II-4



all of our outstanding equity units will be automatically converted into an aggregate of shares of our common stock, and all outstanding options to purchase equity units will be automatically converted into options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock, as described in “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Conversion to a Corporation.”
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Exhibits . A list of exhibits filed herewith is contained in the exhibit index that immediately precedes such exhibits and is incorporated herein by reference.
(b) Financial Statement Schedules . All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the information is included in the Registrant’s consolidated financial statements or related notes.
Item 17. Undertakings
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.






II-5



SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Ames, Iowa, on this 17th day of October, 2014.
WORKIVA LLC
By:     /s/ Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D.

Name: Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D.
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Managing
Director

POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Matthew M. Rizai, Ph. D. and Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D., and each of them, his/her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him/her and in his/her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and any subsequent registration statements pursuant to Rule 462 of the Securities Act and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he/she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorney-in-fact or his/her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Matthew M. Rizai, Ph. D.
 
Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
October 17, 2014

Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ J. Stuart Miller
 
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
October 17, 2014

J. Stuart Miller
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Jill Klindt
 
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
October 17, 2014

Jill Klindt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Joseph H. Howell
 
Managing Director
 
October 17, 2014

Joseph H. Howell
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Michael S. Sellberg
 
Managing Director
 
October 17, 2014

Michael S. Sellberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Jeffrey D. Trom, Ph.D.
 
Managing Director
 
October 17, 2014

Jeffrey D. Trom, Ph.D.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.
 
Managing Director
 
October 17, 2014

Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.
 
 
 



S-1



EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number
 
Description
 
 
1.1*
 
Form of Underwriting Agreement.
 
 
 
2.1
 
Form of Plan of Conversion.
 
 
3.1
 
Form of Certificate of Incorporation of Workiva Inc.
 
 
3.2
 
Form of Bylaws of Workiva Inc.
 
 
4.1*
 
Form of Registrant’s Class A common stock certificate.
 
 
5.1*
 
Opinion of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP.
 
 
10.1
 
2009 Unit Incentive Plan.
 
 
10.2
 
2014 Equity Incentive Plan.
 
 
10.3
 
Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Grant for Executive Officers under 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.
 
 
 
10.4
 
Form of Restricted Stock Grant for Executive Officers under 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.
 
 
 
10.5
 
Form of Restricted Stock Grant for Non-Employee Directors under 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.
 
 
 
10.6*
 
Form of Employment Agreement.
 
 
 
10.7*
 
Form of Indemnification Agreement.
 
 
10.8
 
Sublease Agreement, dated December 19, 2011, as amended October 2, 2013, between Registrant and 2900 University, LLC.
 
 
10.9
 
Loan and Security Agreement, dated August 22, 2014, as amended as of September 30, 2014, by and among Registrant, Workiva International LLC and Silicon Valley Bank.
 
 
10.10
 
Google Cloud Platform License Agreement, dated July 24, 2014, between Registrant and Google Inc.
 
 
 
10.11*
 
Series 2014 Convertible Promissory Note issued to Bluestem Capital Appreciation Fund, LLC, dated July 31, 2014.
 
 
 
21.1
 
List of Subsidiaries of Registrant.
 
 
23.1
 
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 
 
23.2
 
Consent of Frost & Sullivan.
 
 
23.3*
 
Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
 
 
 


E-1



24.1
 
Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this Registration Statement).
 
 
99.1
 
Consent of Michael M. Crow, Ph.D., to be named as a Director.
 
 
 
99.2
 
Consent of Robert H. Herz to be named as a Director.
 
 
 
99.3
 
Consent of Eugene S. Katz to be named as a Director.
 
 
 
99.4
 
Consent of David S. Mulcahy to be named as a Director.
 
 
 
99.5
 
Consent of Suku V. Radia to be named as a Director.
 
 
 
* To be filed by amendment.
† Indicates management contract or plan.


E-2


PLAN OF CONVERSION
This Plan of Conversion (this “ Plan of Conversion ”) is adopted as of ________, ____, to convert Workiva LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ LLC ”), to Workiva Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Corporation ”).
RECITALS
A. The LLC is a limited liability company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware, and is currently governed by the Operating Agreement of the LLC effective as of September 17, 2014 (the “ LLC Agreement ”).
B. A conversion of a Delaware limited liability company into a Delaware corporation may be made under Section 265 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”) and Section 18-216 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (the “ LLC Act ”).
C. The board (the “ Board ”) of managing directors (the “ Managing Directors ”) of the LLC has unanimously approved the conversion of the LLC into the Corporation (the “ Conversion ”), the terms of this Plan of Conversion and, following the Conversion, the initial public offering (the “ IPO ”) of the shares of Class A Common Stock (as defined below).
NOW, THEREFORE, the LLC does hereby adopt this Plan of Conversion to effectuate the Conversion as follows:
1. Terms and Conditions of Conversion .
(a)     The name of the converting entity is Workiva LLC, and the name of the converted entity is Workiva Inc.
(b)     The Conversion shall become effective upon the effectiveness (the “ Effective Time ”) of the filing of the Certificate of Conversion in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “ Certificate of Conversion ”) and the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “ Certificate of Incorporation ”).
(c)     Immediately following the Effective Time, the initial directors of the Corporation shall ratify and approve the bylaws of the Corporation (the “ Bylaws ”) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C and the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D .
(d)     At the Effective Time, the LLC shall continue its existence in the organizational form of a Delaware corporation for all purposes of the laws of the State of Delaware. At the Effective Time, for all purposes of the laws of the State of Delaware, all of the rights, privileges and powers of the LLC, and all property, real, personal and mixed, and all debts due to the LLC, as well as all other things and causes of action belonging to the LLC, shall remain vested in the Corporation and shall be the property of the Corporation, and the title to any real property vested by deed or otherwise in the LLC shall not revert or be in any way impaired by reason of the LLC Act and the DGCL; but all rights of creditors and all liens upon any property of the LLC shall be preserved unimpaired, and all debts, liabilities and duties of the LLC shall remain attached to the Corporation, and may be enforced against the Corporation to the same extent as if said debts, liabilities and duties had originally been incurred or contracted by it in its capacity as a Delaware




corporation. To the fullest extent permitted by law, all actions and resolutions of the Board and the members of the LLC (the “ Members ”), as applicable, taken or adopted from the inception of the LLC prior to the Effective Time shall continue in full force and effect as if the Corporation’s Board of Directors and stockholders, respectively, had taken such actions and adopted such resolutions.
(e)     By virtue of the Conversion and at the Effective Time, the Certificate of Formation of the LLC and the LLC Agreement shall be replaced and superseded in their entirety by the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws in respect of all periods beginning on and after the Effective Time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the termination of the LLC Agreement shall not relieve any party thereto from any liability arising in connection with any breach by such party of the LLC Agreement.
2. Manner and Basis of Converting Members’ Equity Interests in the LLC .
(a)     Subject to the provisions of this Section 2, by virtue of the Conversion and at the Effective Time, all equity interests in the LLC outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than equity interests held by the Class B Holders (as defined below)) shall, without any action on the part of the holder thereof, be automatically converted into and become shares of Class A Common Stock, with such shares of Class A Common Stock having the rights, powers, preferences and privileges set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation. In accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement, subject to Section 2(b) below, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock to be received by each Member by virtue of the Conversion will be equal to that number of shares of Class A Common Stock with a value (based on the Preliminary Offering Price) equal to the cumulative distributions such Member would be entitled to receive if the LLC were liquidated for an amount equal to the Pre-IPO Valuation, assuming all vested and unvested options to purchase a Common Unit of the LLC that are in-the-money have been exercised, in accordance with the following priority (provided, in each case, that if any such holder would as a result of such conversion receive a fractional share of Class A Common Stock of the Corporation, such holder shall in lieu of receiving such fraction receive one additional whole share of Class A Common Stock):
(i)     First, to each holder of Series B Preferred Units and Series C Preferred Units until the cumulative distributions received (including any tax distributions) by holders of Series B Preferred Units equal $1.00 per Series B Preferred Unit and the cumulative distribution received (including any tax distributions) by holders of Series C Preferred Units equal $5.00 per Series C Preferred Unit, provided that if the amount of distributable cash and property is insufficient to make such distribution in full, then all distributable cash and property shall be distributed to the holders of the Series B Preferred Units and Series C Preferred Units pro rata on the basis of their respective distribution preferences.
(ii)     Second, to each holder of Series A Preferred Units until the cumulative distributions received (including any tax distributions) by each holder of a Series A Preferred Unit equal $0.20 per Series A Preferred Unit held.
(iii)     Third, to each holder of Common Units or Capped Units in proportion to the number of Units held until the cumulative distributions received (including tax distributions)

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by each holder of a Common Unit or Capped Unit equals $0.20 per Common Unit or Capped Unit held.
(iv)     Fourth, pro rata based on the number of units held to the holders of all Units other than Series C Preferred Units until the cumulative distributions received by each holder of Common Units and Series A Preferred Units equals the amount distributed to holders of Series C Preferred Units, provided that holders of Appreciation Units or Participation Units will only receive distributions to the extent that pro rata distributions to all holders exceed the threshold levels of the applicable Appreciation Units or Participation Units.
(v)     Fifth, pro rata to all of the holders of all Units, provided that holders of Appreciation Units or Participation Units will only receive distributions to the extent that pro rata distributions to all holders exceed the threshold levels of the Appreciation Units or Participation Units.
(b)     By virtue of the Conversion and at the Effective Time, all equity interests in the LLC outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time held by Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D., Martin Vanderploeg, Ph.D., Jeffrey Trom, Ph.D., Michael S. Sellberg and Joseph Howell and their respective Controlled Affiliates (collectively, the “ Class B Holders ”) shall, without any action on the part of the holder thereof, be automatically converted into and become shares of Class B Common Stock, with such shares of Class B Common Stock having the rights, powers, preferences and privileges set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner set forth in Section 2(a) above (provided, for the avoidance of doubt, with any reference to “Class A Common Stock” replaced with “Class B Common Stock” and provided further, for the further avoidance of doubt, that if any such holder would as a result of such conversion receive a fractional share of Class B Common Stock of the Corporation, such holder shall in lieu of receiving such fraction receive one additional whole share of Class B Common Stock). As used herein, the term “ Controlled Affiliate ” means, with respect to each Managing Director named in this Section 2(b), any individual or entity that is controlled directly or indirectly (by ownership of voting securities, contract or otherwise) by such individual.
(c)     By virtue of the Conversion and at the Effective Time, each option to purchase a Common Unit of the LLC outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be automatically converted into an option to purchase a number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the number of Common Units for which the options was exercisable immediately prior to the Conversion multiplied by the number of shares of Class A Common Stock into which one Common Unit is converted pursuant to Section 2(a), at the same aggregate exercise price and on the same terms and conditions as the converted option to purchase a Common Unit of the LLC.
(d)    No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued in connection with the Conversion.
(e) The shares of Common Stock into which the Members’ equity interests shall be converted at the Effective Time are subject to lock-up restrictions in the Certificate of Incorporation and have not been registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any state and may not be transferred, pledged or hypothecated except as permitted under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws pursuant to registration or exemption therefrom; any certificates evidencing the Common Stock, if any, or any other securities issued in respect of the Common Stock upon any split, dividend, recapitalization, merger, consolidation

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or similar event, shall bear any legend required by the Corporation, required under applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws or called for by any agreement between the Corporation and any stockholder.
(f) For purposes of this Plan of Conversion, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
(i) “ Class A Common Stock ” shall mean Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Corporation.
(ii) “ Class B Common Stock ” shall mean Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Corporation.
(iii) “ Common Stock ” shall mean the Class A Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock.
(iv) “ Aggregate Conversion Shares ” shall mean the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock to be issued in the Conversion as stated in the Preliminary Prospectus.
(v) “ Pre-IPO Valuation ” shall mean the product of the Preliminary Offering Price multiplied by the Aggregate Conversion Shares.
(vi) “ Preliminary Offering Price ” shall mean the midpoint of the offering price range set forth on the cover page of the Preliminary Prospectus.
(vii) “ Preliminary Prospectus ” shall mean the Corporation’s last preliminary prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission prior to the completion of the Conversion.
(g) The number of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, and any options in respect thereof, that shall be issued in connection with the Conversion as determined in accordance with this Plan of Conversion shall be set forth on the appropriate books and records of the Corporation.
3. U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences . The Conversion has been structured to be treated, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as if the LLC transferred its assets to the Corporation for shares of the Corporation’s Common Stock pursuant to an exchange described in Section 351 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, followed by a distribution of the shares of the Corporation’s Common Stock to the Members in liquidation of the LLC, as described in Rev. Rul. 2004-59.
4. Approval . This Plan of Conversion (including, without limitation, the Certificate of Conversion, the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws) has been duly approved by the Board, all of the Class B Holders and by both (i) the Members holding a majority of the voting Units of the LLC that will be converted into Class A Common Stock in the Conversion, voting as a single class, and (ii) the Members holding a majority of the voting Units of the LLC that will be converted into Class A Common Stock in the Conversion, voting as a single class, but excluding any Units that are beneficially owned by members of any Managing Director’s Family (as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation) or by Members that are employed by the LLC, in each case as of the record date for approval by the Members of this Plan of Conversion. For the

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avoidance of doubt, any preemptive or similar rights of the Members set forth in the LLC Agreement shall not apply to this Conversion.
5. Amendment or Termination . This Plan of Conversion may be amended or terminated by the Board and the Conversion may be abandoned at any time prior to the Effective Time, notwithstanding any prior approval of this Plan of Conversion by the Members.

6. Authority; Further Actions . The LLC is hereby authorized to execute, deliver and perform, and each of the managing directors and officers of the LLC, acting alone, on behalf of the LLC or otherwise, is hereby authorized to execute, deliver and file (if necessary or desirable), all documents, agreements and certificates that such managing director or officer determines are necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable, incidental or convenient to consummate the Conversion (including, without limitation, the Certificate of Conversion, and any managing director or officer of the LLC or other person, as an incorporator, the Certificate of Incorporation), and any other documents, agreements or certificates contemplated thereby or related thereto with respect to the Conversion (all with such terms and conditions as such managing director or officer shall approve; its approval to be conclusively, but not exclusively, evidenced by its execution of any such documents, agreements or certificates). The Board of Directors and the duly appointed officers of the Corporation shall have the authority to execute and deliver all further documents and instruments and take other further action as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the intent and purposes of this Plan of Conversion. The Members of the LLC and the stockholders of the Corporation shall, from time to time, as and when requested by the Board or by the board of directors of the Corporation or any officer of the LLC or the Corporation, execute and deliver all such further documents and instruments and take such other further action necessary or desirable to carry out the intent and purposes of this Plan of Conversion.

7. Counterparts . This Plan of Conversion may be executed in two or more counterparts, and each such counterpart and copy shall be and constitute an original instrument.
8. Severability . Each provision of this Plan of Conversion shall be considered severable and, if for any reason any provision herein is determined to be invalid, unenforceable or illegal under any existing or future law, such invalidity, unenforceability or illegality shall not impair the operation of or affect those portions of this Plan of Conversion that are valid, enforceable and legal.
9. Capitalized Terms . Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the LLC Agreement.
10. Governing Law . This Plan of Conversion shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the State of Delaware.
[Signature Page Follows]


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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, having received the required approval from the Board and the Members, hereby adopts this Plan of Conversion as of the date set forth above.

 
 
 
WORKIVA LLC
 
 
By:
 
 
 
 
Name: Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D.
 
 
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director
 
 
 





















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Exhibit A

CERTIFICATE OF CONVERSION TO CORPORATION
OF
WORKIVA LLC
(a Delaware limited liability company)
TO
WORKIVA INC.
(a Delaware corporation)

This Certificate of Conversion to Corporation, dated as of ________ __, 2014 is being duly executed and filed by Workiva LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the "LLC"), to convert the LLC to Workiva Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Corporation"), under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (6 Del. C. § 18-101, et seq .) and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (8 Del. C. § 101, et seq .).

1.    The LLC was first formed on August 4, 2008 as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of California. The LLC was converted from a California limited liability company to a Delaware limited liability company on September 17, 2014. The LLC was a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Delaware immediately prior to the filing of this Certificate of Conversion to Corporation.

2.    The name and type of entity of the LLC immediately prior to the filing of this Certificate of Conversion to Corporation was Workiva LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

3.    The name of the Corporation as set forth in its certificate of incorporation filed in accordance with Section 265(b) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware is Workiva Inc.

4.    The conversion of the LLC to the Corporation shall be effective upon the filing of this Certificate of Conversion to Corporation and the certificate of incorporation of the Corporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.
        
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate of Conversion to Corporation as of the date first-above written.

WORKIVA LLC, a Delaware limited liability company


                    
By:
 
 
Name:
 
Title:

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Exhibit B
Certificate of Incorporation






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Exhibit C
Bylaws

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Exhibit D
Equity Incentive Plan







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CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
WORKIVA INC.

ARTICLE I: NAME
The name of the Corporation is Workiva Inc. (the “ Corporation ”).
ARTICLE II:
INCORPORATOR
The name and mailing address of the incorporator of the Corporation is [________]. The powers of the Incorporator shall terminate upon the filing of this Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and the election of the initial directors as provided in ARTICLE XII of this Certificate of Incorporation.
ARTICLE III:
AGENT FOR SERVICE OF PROCESS
The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is National Corporate Research Ltd., 615 South DuPont Highway, in the City of Dover, County of Kent, Delaware 19901. The name of the registered agent of the Corporation at that address is National Corporate Research Ltd.
ARTICLE IV:
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which Corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (“ General Corporation Law ”). The Corporation is being incorporated in connection with the conversion of Workiva, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ LLC ”), to the Corporation (the “ Conversion ”) pursuant to Section 18-216 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and Section 265 of the General Corporation Law, and this Certificate of Incorporation is being filed simultaneously with the Certificate of Conversion to Corporation (the “Certificate of Conversion”).
ARTICLE V:
AUTHORIZED STOCK
1.      Total Authorized .
The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock that the Corporation has authority to issue is one billion, six hundred million (1,600,000,000) shares, consisting of: one billion (1,000,000,000) shares of Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share (“ Class A Common Stock ”), five hundred million (500,000,000) shares of Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share (“ Class B Common Stock and together with the Class A Common Stock, the “ Common Stock ”), and one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share. The number of authorized shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of capital stock representing a majority of the voting power of all




the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, without a separate vote of the holders of the Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, as applicable, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the General Corporation Law. Upon the filing and effectiveness of the Certificate of Conversion and this Certificate of Incorporation, the limited liability company interests in the LLC outstanding immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Conversion were converted, without any action required on the part of the Corporation or the former holders of such limited liability company interests, into that number of issued and outstanding, fully paid and nonassessable shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, as the case may be, determined pursuant to and in accordance with the Plan of Conversion, dated [_________ __, 2014], in respect of the Conversion, a copy of which shall be on file with the books and records of the Corporation.
2.      Designation of Additional Shares .
2.1     The Board of Directors is authorized, subject to any limitations prescribed by the laws of the State of Delaware, to provide by resolution or resolutions from time to time for the issuance of the shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series, and, by filing a certificate of designation pursuant to the General Corporation Law (“ Certificate of Designation ”), to establish the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the designation, powers (including voting powers), preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights, if any, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of each such series , and, unless otherwise provided in any such resolution or resolutions, to increase (but not above the total number of authorized shares of such class) or decrease (but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding) the number of shares of any such series. The number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock may also be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, without a separate vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock or any series thereof, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the General Corporation Law, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to the terms of this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation).
2.2      Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation), the resolutions providing for issuance of any series of Preferred Stock may provide that such series shall be senior to, junior to or pari passu with any other series of Preferred Stock to the extent permitted by law.
3.     Rights of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock . The rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted to and imposed on the Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock are as set forth below in this Section 3.
3.1      Equal Status . Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Certificate of Incorporation or required by the General Corporation Law, shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall have the same rights and powers, rank equally (including as to dividends and distributions, and upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation), share ratably and be identical in all respects and as to all matters.

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3.2      Voting Rights . Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or as required by the General Corporation Law, the holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall vote together as one class on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote or for the consent (if action by written consent of the stockholders is permitted at such time under this Certificate of Incorporation) of the stockholders of the Corporation. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or required by the General Corporation Law, each holder of shares of Class A Common Stock shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each share of Class A Common Stock held of record by such holder as of the applicable record date on any matter submitted to a vote of stockholders generally, and each holder of shares of Class B Common Stock shall be entitled to ten (10) votes for each share of Class B Common Stock held of record by such holder as of the applicable record date on any matter submitted to a vote of stockholders generally. Unless otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together as a class with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation) or pursuant to the General Corporation Law.
3.3      Dividend Rights . Subject to the preferential dividend or other rights of any holders of Preferred Stock, dividends and distributions may be declared by the Board of Directors and paid on or made in respect of the Common Stock from funds lawfully available therefor as and when determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion. Shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall be treated equally, identically and ratably, on a per share basis, with respect to the declaration and payment or making of any such dividend or distribution, unless different treatment of the shares of each such class (whether in the amount of such dividend or distribution payable per share, the form in which such dividend or distribution is payable or made, the timing of the payment or distribution or otherwise) is approved in advance by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, each voting separately as a class; provided, however, that in the event a distribution is made in the form of shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock (or securities (including warrants, options or other rights) convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock), then the distributions made to holders of Class A Common Stock shall be made only in shares of Class A Common Stock (or securities (including warrants, options or other rights) convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Class A Common Stock, as the case may be) and the distributions made to holders of Class B Common Stock shall be made only in shares of Class B Common Stock (or securities (including warrants, options or other rights) convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Class B Common Stock, as the case may be), with holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock receiving an identical number of shares of Class A Common Stock of Class B Common Stock (or securities (including warrants, options or other rights) convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for an identical number of shares), respectively, on a per share basis.
3.4      Subdivisions, Combinations or Reclassifications . If the Corporation in any manner subdivides, combines, or reclassifies the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, the outstanding shares of the other such class shall, concurrently therewith,

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be subdivided, combined, or reclassified in the same proportion and manner such that the same proportionate equity ownership between the holders of outstanding Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock on the record date for such subdivision, combination or reclassification is preserved, unless different treatment of the shares of each such class is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, each voting separately as a class.
3.5      Liquidation Rights . Subject to the preferential liquidation or other rights of any holders of Preferred Stock, the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall be entitled to share ratably in the distribution of all assets of the Corporation available for distribution to the holders of Common Stock upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, unless disparate or different treatment of the shares of each such class with respect to distributions upon any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up is approved in advance by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, each voting separately as a class.
3.6     Redemption . Neither the Class A Common Stock nor the Class B Common Stock is redeemable.
3.7     Mergers and Consolidations . The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, each voting separately as a class, shall be required to approve any merger or consolidation of the Corporation (whether or not the Corporation is the surviving entity), or any other transaction having an effect on stockholders substantially similar to that resulting from a consolidation or merger, unless, upon the consummation of such merger or consolidation or other transaction, holders of each class of Common Stock will receive (or be entitled to receive) the same per share consideration in the merger or consolidation or other transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, holders of each class of Common Stock shall be deemed to have received the same per share consideration payable in the form of (x) voting securities of the Corporation or any other entity (“ Merger Voting Securities ”) or (y) securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, Merger Voting Securities (“ Merger Exchangeable Securities ”), and the separate class vote of the Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock otherwise required by the preceding provisions of this Section 3.7 shall not be applicable, if:
(a)      with respect to Merger Voting Securities, (i) the Merger Voting Securities to be received by holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock are identical with respect to each class of Common Stock in all respects except as provided in subsections (ii), (iii) and (iv) of this Section 3.7(a); (ii) the voting and related rights of the Merger Voting Security to be received by the holders of Class A Common Stock are substantially similar to those of the Class A Common Stock; (iii) the voting and related rights of the Merger Voting Security to be received by the holders of Class B Common Stock are substantially similar to those of the Class B Common Stock; (iv) the Merger Voting Security to be received by the holders of Class B Common Stock is convertible into the Merger Voting Security to be received by the holders of Class A Common Stock upon terms and conditions that are substantially similar to the terms and conditions applicable to the conversion of Class B Common Stock into Class A Common Stock; and (v) the number of Merger Voting Securities to be received for each share of Class A Common Stock is equal to the number of Merger Voting Securities to be received for each share of Class B Common Stock; and

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(b)      with respect to Merger Exchangeable Securities, (i) the Merger Exchangeable Securities to be received by holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock are identical with respect to each class of Common Stock in all respects except as provided in subsections (ii), (iii) and (iv) of this Section 3.7(b); (ii) the voting and related rights of each Merger Voting Security underlying the Merger Exchangeable Security to be received by the holders of Class A Common Stock are substantially similar to those of the Class A Common Stock; (iii) the voting and related rights of each Merger Voting Security underlying the Merger Exchangeable Security to be received by the holders of Class B Common Stock are substantially similar to those of the Class B Common Stock; (iv) each Merger Voting Security underlying the Merger Exchangeable Security to be received by the holders of Class B Common Stock is convertible into each Merger Voting Security underlying the Merger Exchangeable Security to be received by the holders of Class A Common Stock upon terms and conditions that are substantially similar to the terms and conditions applicable to the conversion of Class B Common Stock into Class A Common Stock; and (v) the number of Merger Exchangeable Securities to be received for each share of Class A Common Stock is equal to the number of Merger Exchangeable Securities to be received for each share of Class B Common Stock.
3.8     Conversion of Class B Common Stock .
(a)     Voluntary Conversion . Each share of Class B Common Stock shall be convertible into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock at the option of the holder thereof at any time upon written notice to the transfer agent of the Corporation.
(b)     Automatic Conversion . Each share of Class B Common Stock shall automatically, without any further action on the part of the Corporation or any holder thereof, convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock upon a Transfer other than a Qualified Transfer.
(i)    “ Controlled Affiliate ” means, with respect to a transferor, (A) any individual or entity that is controlled directly or indirectly (by ownership of voting securities, contract or otherwise) by such transferor or such transferor’s Family, or (B) the Family of such transferor.
(ii)    “ Family ” means a person’s spouse, lineal descendants, parents, siblings, lineal descendants of siblings, and anyone else (other than domestic employees) sharing a person’s home at the time of such determination. Any such relationship by legal adoption shall be included.
(iii)    “ Qualified Transfer ” means any Transfer of Class B Common Stock (A) by will or pursuant to the laws of descent and distribution to any member or members of the stockholder’s Family, (B) by the stockholder to a domestic trust of which each trustee is (1) a holder of Class B Common Stock, (2) a member of the Family of a holder of Class B Common Stock or (3) a professional in the business of providing trustee services (including private professional fiduciaries, trust companies and bank trust departments), and which is created for the sole benefit of one or more of the stockholder or any member or members of the stockholder’s Family, (C) from a trust described in clause

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(B) above to the stockholder (or former stockholder) who Transferred shares of Class B Common Stock to such trust, (D) to a Controlled Affiliate, or (E) by operation of law pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement.

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(iv)    “ Transfer ” means to (x) offer, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock beneficially owned (as such term is used in Rule 13d-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”)), or any other securities so owned convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or (y) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (x) or (y) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. In addition, any event or occurrence pursuant to which a Controlled Affiliate or a member of a stockholder’s Family ceases to be a Controlled Affiliate or member of such Stockholder’s Family, as applicable, shall be deemed to be a Transfer.
(c)     Conversion by Holder Consent . Each share of Class B Common Stock shall convert into one validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock on the date specified by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (66 2 /3%) of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, voting as a single class.
(d)      Conversion Upon Death . Each share of Class B Common Stock held of record by a holder of Class B Common Stock who is a natural person shall automatically, without any further action, convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock upon the death of such holder of Class B Common Stock; provided that no such shares of Class B Common Stock Transferred pursuant to a Qualified Transfer under Section 3.8(b)(iii)(A) of this ARTICLE V shall be so converted pursuant to this Section 3.8(d).
(e)      Procedures . The Corporation may, from time to time, establish such policies and procedures relating to the conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock and the general administration of the Corporation’s dual class Common Stock structure, including the issuance of stock certificates with respect thereto or the registration in book entry of such shares, as it may deem necessary or advisable, and may from time to time request that holders of shares of Class B Common Stock furnish certifications, affidavits or other proof to the Corporation as it deems necessary to verify the ownership of Class B Common Stock and to confirm that a conversion to Class A Common Stock has not occurred. If the Corporation has reason to believe that a Transfer of shares of Class B Common Stock that is not a Qualified Transfer has occurred, the Corporation may request that the purported transferor furnish affidavits or other evidence to the Corporation as it reasonably deems necessary to determine whether a Transfer of shares of Class B Common Stock that is not a Qualified Transfer has occurred, and if such transferor does not within ten (10) days after the date of such request furnish sufficient (as determined by the Board of Directors) evidence to the Corporation (in the manner provided in the request) to enable the Corporation to determine that no such Transfer has occurred, any such shares of Class B Common Stock, to the extent not previously converted, shall be automatically converted into shares of Class A Common Stock and such conversion shall thereupon be registered on the books and records of the Corporation. A determination by the Corporation that a Transfer of Class

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B Common Stock has occurred that has resulted in a conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock to shares of Class A Common Stock shall be final, conclusive and binding.
(f)      Immediate Effect . Any conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock to shares of Class A Common Stock resulting from a Transfer (other than a Qualified Transfer) of shares of Class B Common Stock shall be deemed to have been effected at the time that such Transfer of such shares shall have occurred. Upon any conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock, all rights of the holder of such shares of Class B Common Stock shall cease and the person or persons in whose names or names the certificate or certificates, if any, representing the shares of Class A Common Stock are to be issued shall be treated for all purposes as having become the record holder or holders of such shares of Class A Common Stock. Shares of Class B Common Stock that are converted into shares of Class A Common Stock shall be retired and may not be reissued.
(g)      Effect of Conversion on Payment of Dividends . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, if the date on which any share of Class B Common Stock is converted into Class A Common Stock pursuant to the provisions of this ARTICLE V, Section 3.8 occurs after the record date for the determination of the holders of Class B Common Stock entitled to receive any dividend or distribution to be paid to on the shares of Class B Common Stock, the holder of such shares of Class B Common Stock as of such record date will be entitled to receive such dividend or distribution on such payment date; provided that, notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, to the extent that any such dividend or distribution is payable in shares of Class B Common Stock or securities (including options, warrants or other rights), convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for Class B Common Stock, such dividend or distribution shall be deemed to have been declared, and shall be payable in, shares of Class A Common Stock or, if applicable, securities (including options, warrants or other rights), convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for Class A Common Stock and no shares of Class B Common Stock or securities (including options, warrants or other rights), convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for Class B Common Stock shall be issued in payment thereof.
3.9      No Further Issuances of Class B Common Stock . Except for the issuance of shares of Class B Common Stock issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange of any securities (including warrants, options or other rights) outstanding as of the time of the filing and effectiveness of this Certificate of Incorporation , or an issuance of shares of Class B Common Stock in connection with a stock dividend, stock split, reclassification or similar transaction in accordance with the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation, the Corporation shall not at any time after the filing and effectiveness of this Certificate of Incorporation issue any additional shares of Class B Common Stock.
3.10     Reservation of Stock . The Corporation will at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the shares of Class B Common Stock, such number of shares of Class A Common Stock as will from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock.

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3.11     Protective Provisions . So long as any shares of Class B Common Stock remain outstanding, the Corporation will not, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, amend, alter, repeal or waive Section 3 of this ARTICLE V (or adopt any provision inconsistent therewith), without first obtaining the approval of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, voting as a separate class, in addition to any other vote required by the General Corporation Law, this Certificate of Incorporation or the Corporation’s Bylaws, as the same may be amended or restated from time to time (the “ Bylaws ”).
4.     Lock-Up .
4.1    Until and including the date that is 180 days after the date of the final prospectus (the “ Restricted Period ”) relating to the Corporation’s initial public offering of equity securities (the “ Initial Public Offering ”), any Transfer or pledge of Restricted Securities shall be void, other than Permitted Transfers.
(a)    “ Permitted Transfer ” means any Transfer of Common Stock or other securities of the Corporation (A) acquired in open market transactions after the completion of the Initial Public Offering, provided that no filing or public announcement under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or otherwise shall be required or shall be voluntarily made in connection with subsequent sales of Common Stock or other securities acquired in such open market transactions, (B) as a bona fide gift or charitable contribution, (C) in connection with a distribution of shares of Common Stock by the holder thereof to such holder’s limited partners, members or stockholders, (D) by will or pursuant to the laws of descent and distribution, (E) by a holder of Common Stock or other securities of the Corporation to such holder’s Family or a domestic trust created for the sole benefit of one or more of such holder or any member or members of such holder’s Family, (F) from a trust described in clause (E) above to the holder (or former holder) who Transferred Common Stock or other securities of the Corporation to such trust, (G) by a holder of Common Stock to a corporation, partnership or other business entity that controls, is controlled by or managed by or is under common control with such holder, (H) received from the Corporation upon the exercise of options or any Transfer of Common Stock or other securities of the Corporation convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock of the Corporation or upon the exercise of options to purchase the Corporation’s securities on a “cashless or “net exercise” basis to the extent permitted by the instruments representing such options so long as such exercise is effected solely by the surrender of outstanding options to the Corporation and the Corporation’s cancellation of all or a portion thereof to pay the exercise price, (I) by operation of law pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement, (J) pursuant to a bona fide third-party tender offer, merger, consolidation or similar transaction made to all holders of Common Stock involving a Corporate Transaction, provided that until such tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is completed, the Common Stock owned by such holder shall remain subject to the restrictions contained herein, (K) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of Common Stock during the Restricted Period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act or otherwise, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the holder or the Corporation regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common

9


Stock may be made under such plan during the Restricted Period or (L) made with the prior written consent of the lead managing underwriters of the Initial Public Offering. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to the foregoing clauses (B)-(K), (1) each recipient, transferee, donee or distributee shall agree to be bound by the restrictions contained herein and (2) no filing or public announcement under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or otherwise shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the Restricted Period. “ Corporate Transaction ” means the transfer (whether by tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, to a person or group of affiliated persons, of shares of Common Stock if, after such transfer, such person or group of affiliated persons would hold at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Corporation (or the surviving entity).
(b)      Restricted Securities ” means (x) shares of Common Stock (other than those issued and sold by the Corporation in the Initial Public Offering) and (y) any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, including in each case, beneficially owned (as such term is used in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock.
4.2    During the Restricted Period, the Corporation shall cause the transfer agent to decline any Transfer other than Permitted Transfers and/or to note stop transfer restrictions on the transfer books and records of the Corporation with respect to any Restricted Securities for which a holder of Restricted Securities is the record holder and, in the case of any Restricted Securities for which such holder is the beneficial but not the record holder, shall cause the transfer agent to decline any Transfer other than Permitted Transfers and/or to note stop transfer restrictions on such books and records with respect to such Restricted Securities.
4.3    Any person or entity purchasing or holding or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation will be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 4.
ARTICLE VI:      MATTERS RELATING TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
1.      Director Powers . Except as otherwise provided by this Certificate of Incorporation or the General Corporation Law, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
2.      Number of Directors . The total number of authorized directors constituting the Board of Directors shall initially be two. Thereafter, subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the Board of Directors shall consist of two or more directors, with the total number of authorized directors constituting the Board of Directors (the “ Whole Board ”) to be fixed from time to time exclusively by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.
3.     Classified Board . Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the directors shall be divided into

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three classes as nearly equal in number as is practicable, hereby designated as Class I, Class II and Class III. The initial assignment of members of the Board of Directors to each such class shall be made by the Board of Directors. The initial term of office of the Class I directors will expire at the Corporation’s first annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Corporation’s Initial Public Offering; the initial term of office of the Class II directors will expire at the Corporation’s second annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Initial Public Offering; and the initial term of office of the Class III directors will expire at the Corporation’s third annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Initial Public Offering. At each annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Initial Public Offering, directors elected to succeed those directors of the class whose terms then expire will be elected for a term of office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after their election. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this ARTICLE VI, each director shall serve until such director’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, removal, retirement or disqualification. If the number of directors divided into classes is hereafter changed, any newly created directorships or decrease in directorships shall be so apportioned among the classes as to make all classes as nearly equal in number as is practicable; provided that no decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.
4.     Removal; Vacancies . Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, any director may be removed from office by the stockholders of the Corporation only for cause. Except as otherwise provided in this Certificate of Incorporation, vacancies occurring on the Board of Directors, whether by death, resignation, removal, retirement, disqualification or for any other reason, and newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors, may be filled only by vote of a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and not by stockholders. A person elected to fill a vacancy or newly created directorship shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such director shall have been chosen and until his or her successor shall be duly elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, resignation, removal, retirement or disqualification.
5.      Preferred Stock Directors . During any period when the holders of any series of Preferred Stock have the right to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, then upon commencement and for the duration of the period during which such right continues: (a) the total authorized number of directors of the Corporation shall automatically be increased by such specified number of directors, and the holders of such Preferred Stock shall be entitled to elect the additional directors so provided for or fixed pursuant to said provisions, and (b) each such additional director shall serve until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, or until such director’s right to hold such office terminates pursuant to said provisions, whichever occurs earlier, subject to his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, except as otherwise provided by this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation), whenever the holders of any series of Preferred Stock having such right to elect additional directors are divested of such right pursuant to this Certification of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation), the terms of office of all such additional directors elected by the holders of such stock, or appointed to fill any vacancies resulting from the death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal of such

11


additional directors, shall forthwith terminate and the total authorized number of directors of the Corporation shall be reduced accordingly.
6.     Vote by Ballot . Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless otherwise provided in the Bylaws.
ARTICLE VII:      LIMITATION OF DIRECTOR LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES
1.      Limitation of Liability . To the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law, as the same exists or as may hereafter be amended, a director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director except for liability (a) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders; (b) for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (c) under Section 174 of the General Corporation Law; or (d) for any transaction from which the director derived any improper personal benefit. If the General Corporation Law is hereafter amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law, as so amended.
2.      Indemnification; Advancement of Expenses . In furtherance and not in limitation of the rights, powers, privileges, and discretionary authority granted or conferred by the General Corporation Law or other statutes or laws of the State of Delaware, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to provide for the indemnification of current and former directors, officers, employees and agents of the Corporation, and of any person who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, and to advance expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by any such person, to the fullest extent permitted by law. Any right to indemnification or advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the General Corporation Law and this Certificate of Incorporation shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
3.      Vested Rights . Neither any amendment nor repeal of this ARTICLE VII, nor the adoption of any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with this ARTICLE VII, shall eliminate, adversely affect or reduce the effect of this ARTICLE VII in respect of any matter occurring, or any action or proceeding accruing or arising (or that, but for this ARTICLE VII, would accrue or arise) prior to such amendment or repeal or adoption of such an inconsistent provision.
ARTICLE VIII:
MATTERS RELATING TO STOCKHOLDERS
1.      Action by Written Consent of Stockholders . Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering, subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected at a duly

12


called annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation and may not be effected by any consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting.
2.      Special Meeting of Stockholders . Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by a majority of the Whole Board, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer (or, if a Chief Executive Officer is not then currently in office, the President), and may not be called by any other person or persons. Business transacted at special meetings of stockholders will be confined to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of meeting.
3.     Advance Notice of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals . Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors of the Corporation and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation will be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws.
ARTICLE IX:
CHOICE OF FORUM
Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law or this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, (4) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, or (5) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any person or entity purchasing or holding or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation will be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this ARTICLE IX.
ARTICLE X:
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
The Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws. Any adoption, amendment or repeal of the Bylaws by the Board of Directors shall require the approval of a majority of the Whole Board. In addition to any other vote otherwise required by law or this Certificate of Incorporation, from and after the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the adoption, amendment or repeal of the Bylaws by the stockholders will require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two thirds (66 2 / 3 %) of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class.
ARTICLE XI:
AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
To the fullest extent permitted by law, if any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation becomes or is declared on any ground by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, unenforceable or void, portions of such provision, or such provision in its entirety, to the extent necessary, shall be severed from this Certificate of Incorporation, and the court will replace such illegal, void or unenforceable provision of this Certificate of Incorporation with a valid and enforceable provision

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that most accurately reflects the Corporation’s intent, in order to achieve, to the maximum extent possible, the same economic, business and other purposes of the illegal, void or unenforceable provision. The balance of this Certificate of Incorporation shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms.
The Corporation reserves the right to amend or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation in the manner prescribed by the laws of the State of Delaware and all rights conferred upon stockholders are granted subject to this reservation; provided, however, that, from and after the closing of the Initial Public Offering notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or any provision of the General Corporation Law that might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of the capital stock of the Corporation required by the General Corporation Law or by this Certificate of Incorporation, any amendment to or repeal of this ARTICLE XI or ARTICLE VI, ARTICLE VII, ARTICLE VIII, ARTICLE IX or ARTICLE X of this Certificate of Incorporation (or the adoption of any provision inconsistent therewith) shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two thirds (66 2 / 3 %) of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class.
ARTICLE XII: INITIAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The names and addresses of the initial members of the Board of Directors are as follows:

Matthew M. Rizai
c/o Workiva Inc.
2900 University Blvd.
Ames, IA 50010
Martin J. Vanderploeg
c/o Workiva Inc.
2900 University Blvd.
Ames, IA 50010

    

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I, THE UNDERSIGNED, being the incorporator, for the purpose of forming a corporation pursuant to the General Corporation Law, do make this Certificate of Incorporation, hereby acknowledging, declaring, and certifying that the foregoing Certificate of Incorporation is my act and deed and that the facts herein stated are true, and have accordingly hereunto set my hand this [______] day of [___________, 2014].

[NAME]
Incorporator
 
 












    

WORKIVA INC.
a Delaware corporation

BYLAWS

As Adopted _______________, 2014

    



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TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
ARTICLE I:

STOCKHOLDERS
1

 
 
 
Section 1.1
Place of Meeting; Meetings by Remote Communication
1

Section 1.2
Annual Meeting
1

Section 1.3
Special Meeting
1

Section 1.4
Notice of Stockholders’ Meetings
1

Section 1.5
Manner of Giving Notice; Affidavit of Notice
1

Section 1.6
Quorum
2

Section 1.7
Adjournments
2

Section 1.8
Conduct of Business
2

Section 1.9
Voting
3

Section 1.10
Proxies
3

Section 1.11
Record Date
3

Section 1.12
Advance Notice of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals
4

Section 1.13
Remote Communication
8

Section 1.14
Inspectors of Elections; Opening and Closing the Polls
9

Section 1.15
Conduct of Business
9

Section 1.16
Stock List
10

 
 
 
ARTICLE II:    DIRECTORS
10

 
 
 
Section 2.1
Number of Directors
10

Section 2.2
Election, Qualification and Term of Office of Directors
10

Section 2.3
Regular Meetings
11

Section 2.4
Special Meetings
11

Section 2.5
Remote Meetings Permitted
11

Section 2.6
Quorum
11

Section 2.7
Board Action By Written Consent Without A Meeting
11

Section 2.8
Powers
11

Section 2.9
Fees and Compensation of Directors
11

 
 
 
ARTICLE III:    COMMITTEES
12

 
 
 
Section 3.1
Committees of Directors
12

Section 3.2
Committee Minutes
12

Section 3.3
Meetings and Actions of Committees
12

 
 
 
ARTICLE IV:    OFFICERS
12

 
 
 
Section 4.1
Officers
12

Section 4.2
Removal and Resignation of Officers
12

Section 4.3
Chief Executive Officer
13

Section 4.4
President
13

Section 4.5
Vice Presidents
13

Section 4.6
Secretary
13



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Section 4.7
Chief Financial Officer
14

Section 4.8
Authority and Duties of Officers
14

Section 4.9
Duties of Officers May be Delegated
14

 
 
 
ARTICLE V:    INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OTHER PARTIES
14

 
 
 
Section 5.1
Indemnification of Directors and Officers
14

Section 5.2
Indemnification of Others
15

Section 5.3
Payment of Expenses in Advance
15

Section 5.4
Indemnity Not Exclusive
15

Section 5.5
Insurance
15

Section 5.6
Conflicts
15

Section 5.7
Right to Bring Suit
16

Section 5.8
Amendment of Article V
16

 
 
 
ARTICLE VI:    GENERAL MATTERS
16

 
 
 
Section 6.1
Checks
16

Section 6.2
Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments
17

Section 6.3
Stock Certificates
17

Section 6.4
Lost Certificates
17

Section 6.5
Fiscal Year
17

Section 6.6
Seal
17

Section 6.7
Construction; Definitions
18

Section 6.8
Severability
18

Section 6.9
Waiver of Notice
18

Section 6.10
Voting of Securities
18

 
 
 
ARTICLE VII:    AMENDMENTS
18

 
 
 
Section 7.1
Amendments
18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



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WORKIVA INC.

BYLAWS


As Adopted [____________ __, 2014]

ARTICLE I: STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1.1      Place of Meeting; Meetings by Remote Communication . Meetings of stockholders of Workiva Inc. (the “ Corporation ”) shall be held at such place, if any, within or outside the State of Delaware, as may be designated by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board of Directors ”). The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that a meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication in accordance with Section 211(a)(2) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ General Corporation Law ”) and Section 1.13 of these Bylaws. The Board of Directors may postpone, adjourn, reschedule or cancel any previously scheduled meeting of stockholders.
Section 1.2      Annual Meeting . The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held on such date, time and place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. At the annual meeting, directors shall be elected to succeed those whose terms expire and any other proper business may be transacted.
Section 1.3      Special Meeting . Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (as the same may be amended and/or restated from time to time, the “ Certificate of Incorporation ”), special meetings of stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by a majority of the total number of authorized directors (the “ Whole Board ”), the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer (or, if a Chief Executive Officer is not then currently in office, the President), and may not be called by any other person or persons.
Section 1.4      Notice of Stockholders’ Meetings . Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a timely notice of the meeting, given in writing or by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given in the manner provided in Section 232 of the General Corporation Law, shall be mailed or transmitted electronically by the Corporation to each stockholder of record entitled to vote thereat as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to receive notice of the meeting. Unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the notice of any meeting of stockholders shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting. The notice shall specify the place, if any, date, and hour of the meeting, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.

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Section 1.5      Manner of Giving Notice; Affidavit of Notice . Written notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, shall be deemed given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. Written notice of any meeting of stockholders, if given by electronic transmission, shall be deemed given when provided in accordance with Section 232 of the DGCL. An affidavit of the Secretary or an assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
Section 1.6      Quorum . The holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person, present by means of remote communication in a manner, if any, authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws; provided, however, that where a separate vote by a class or classes or series of capital stock is required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of such class or classes or series of the capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on such matter, present in person, present by means of remote communication in a manner, if any, authorized by the Board in its sole discretion, or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to the vote on such matter. If a quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, then either (a) the chairman of the meeting or (b) the holders of a majority in voting power of the stock present or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereat shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present or represented. Once a quorum is established at a meeting, it shall not be broken by the subsequent withdrawal of any stockholders.
Section 1.7      Adjournments . When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these Bylaws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the Corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, a notice shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors shall fix as the record date for determining stockholders entitled to receive notice of the adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders of record entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date so fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting.
Section 1.8      Conduct of Business . Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board or by such other person as the Board of Directors may designate. The chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order of business and the procedure at the meeting, including the manner of voting and the conduct of business. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it deems appropriate.

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Section 1.9      Voting . When a quorum is present at any meeting, except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast. Unless otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, or any other applicable rules or regulations, including the applicable rules or regulations of any stock exchange upon which the Corporation’s securities are listed, every matter (other than the election of directors) submitted to a vote of stockholders at which a quorum is present shall be decided by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast for or against such matter; and, for the avoidance of doubt, neither abstentions nor broker non-votes will be counted as votes cast for or against such matter.
Section 1.10      Proxies . Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by a proxy given in any manner provided by law, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A stockholder may revoke any proxy which is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting in person or by delivering to the Secretary of the Corporation a revocation of the proxy or a new proxy bearing a later date.
Section 1.11      Record Date .
(a)      In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting.
(b)      In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled

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to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no such record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
(c)      Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, in order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than ten (10) days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If no record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting is fixed by the Board of Directors, (i) when no prior action of the Board of Directors is required by law, the record date for such purpose shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation in accordance with applicable law, and (ii) if prior action by the Board of Directors is required by law, the record date for such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.
Section 1.12      Advance Notice of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals .
(a)      Annual Meetings of Stockholders; Timely Notice . At a meeting of the stockholders, only such nominations of persons for the election of directors and such other business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, nominations or such other business must be: (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof, or (iii) otherwise properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record of the Corporation at the time such notice of meeting is delivered, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.12. In addition, any proposal of business (other than the nomination of persons for election to the Board of Directors) must be a proper matter for stockholder action. For business (including, but not limited to, director nominations) to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder or stockholders of record intending to propose the business (the “ Proposing Stockholder ”) must have given timely notice thereof pursuant to this Section 1.12(a) or Section 1.12(c) below, as applicable, in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation even if such matter is already the subject of any notice to the stockholders or public disclosure from the Board of Directors. To be timely, a Proposing Stockholder’s written notice shall set forth all information required under Section 1.12(b) and shall be delivered to the Secretary

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at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting (which date shall, for purposes of the Corporation’s first annual meeting of stockholders after its shares of Common Stock are first publicly traded, be deemed to have occurred on [________ __, 20__]); provided , however , that in the event that no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within 30 days from the first anniversary of the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting date, written notice by a Proposing Stockholder in order to be timely must be received no earlier than the 120th day before the date of such annual meeting and not later than the later of the 90th day before the date of such annual meeting, as originally convened, or the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which the first public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was made. In no event shall the public disclosure of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of stockholder’s notice as described above.
(b)      Stockholder Nominations . For the nomination of any person or persons for election to the Board of Directors, a Proposing Stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of each nominee proposed in such notice, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of each such nominee, (iii) the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned of record and beneficially by each such nominee (if any), (iv) such other information concerning each such nominee as would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement soliciting proxies for the election of such nominee as a director in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved) or that is otherwise required to be disclosed, under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, (v) the consent of the nominee to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected, and (vi) as to the Proposing Stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made: (A) the name and address of the Proposing Stockholder as they appear on the Corporation's books and of such beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made, (B) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are owned by the Proposing Stockholder (beneficially and of record) and owned by the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made, as of the date of the Proposing Stockholder's notice, and a representation that the Proposing Stockholder will notify the Corporation in writing of the class and number of such shares owned of record and beneficially as of the record date for the meeting promptly following the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly disclosed, (C) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to such nomination between or among the Proposing Stockholder and any of its affiliates or associates, and any others (including their names) acting in concert with any of the foregoing, and a representation that the Proposing Stockholder will notify the Corporation in writing of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting promptly following the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly disclosed, (D) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as

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of the date of the Proposing Stockholder’s notice by, or on behalf of, the Proposing Stockholder or any of its affiliates or associates, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of the Proposing Stockholder or any of its affiliates or associates with respect to shares of stock of the Corporation, and a representation that the Proposing Stockholder will notify the Corporation in writing of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting promptly following the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly disclosed, (E) a representation that the Proposing Stockholder is a holder of record of shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice, (F) a representation whether the Proposing Stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group that intends to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve the nomination and/or otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of the nomination, and (G) any other information relating to the Proposing Stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved) or that is otherwise required to be disclosed, under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee. Notwithstanding anything in the Section 1.12(a) to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors at the annual meeting is increased effective after the time period for which nominations would otherwise be due under Section 1.12(a) and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming the nominees for the additional directorships at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year's annual meeting, the Proposing Stockholder’s notice required by this Section 1.12 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for the additional directorships, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.
(c)      Other Stockholder Proposals . For all business other than director nominations, a Proposing Stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth as to each matter the Proposing Stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting: (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws of the Corporation, the language of the proposed amendment), and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting and any material interest of such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, in such business, (ii) any other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is being made,

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required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the proposal and pursuant to and in accordance with Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and (iii) the information required by Section 1.12(b)(vi) above, provided that all references to a nomination shall be deemed to refer to such other business.
(d)      Proxy Rules . The foregoing notice requirements of Section 1.12(c) shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder with respect to business other than a nomination if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of his, her or its intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations promulgated under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and such stockholder’s proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting.
(e)      Special Meetings of Stockholders . Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (x) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof or (y) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time the notice provided for in this Section 1.12 is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and upon such election and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.12. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder entitled to vote in such election of directors may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by this Section 1.12 shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation no earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such special meeting and no later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the tenth day following the date of public disclosure of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public disclosure of an adjournment or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any notice time period).
(f)      Effect of Noncompliance . Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary: (i) no nominations shall be made or business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.12, and (ii) unless otherwise required by law, if (x) a Proposing Stockholder intending to propose business or make nominations at an annual meeting pursuant to this Section 1.12 does not provide the information required under this Section 1.12 to the Corporation promptly following the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly announced, or (y) the Proposing Stockholder (or a qualified representative of the Proposing

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Stockholder) does not appear at the meeting to present the proposed business or nominations, such business or nominations shall not be considered, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such business or nominations may have been received by the Corporation. Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty (I) to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.12 and (II) if any proposed nomination or business was not made or proposed in compliance with this Section 1.12, to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted.
(g)      General . For purposes of this Section 1.12, to be considered a qualified representative of the Proposing Stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such Proposing Stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such Proposing Stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such Proposing Stockholder to act for such Proposing Stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders. For purposes of this Section 1.12, “ public announcement ” shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or other national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.12, a Proposing Stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 1.12; provided however, that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit any requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to this Section 1.12, and compliance with this Section 1.12 shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations or submit other business (other than, as provided in Section 1.12(d), business other than nominations brought properly under and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act, as may be amended from time to time). Nothing in this Section 1.12 shall be deemed to affect any rights (a) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals or nominations in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act or (b) of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors pursuant to any applicable provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 1.13      Remote Communication . If authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt, stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication: (a) participate in a meeting of stockholders; and (b) be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication; provided, that (i) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at

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the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxyholder; (ii) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings; and (iii) if any stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation.
Section 1.14      Inspectors of Elections; Opening and Closing the Polls . (a) The Board of Directors by resolution may, and when required by law, shall, appoint one or more inspectors, which inspector or inspectors may include individuals who serve the Corporation in other capacities, including, without limitation, as officers, employees, agents or representatives, to act at the meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof and make a written report thereof. One or more persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate has been appointed to act or is able to act at a meeting of stockholders and the appointment of an inspector is required by law, the chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath to execute faithfully the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall have the duties prescribed by law. The chairman of the meeting shall fix and announce at the meeting the date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting
Section 1.15      Conduct of Business . The Chairman of the Board, or if he or she is not present, the Chief Executive Officer, or if he or she is not present, the most senior officer of the Corporation present thereat, shall conduct the meetings of stockholders. The Secretary, if present, shall act as secretary of such meetings, or if he or she is not present, then a secretary appointed by the chairman of the meeting shall act as secretary of the meeting. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of the meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman of the meeting, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (a) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (b) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (c) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting of stockholders to stockholders of record entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies and such other persons as the chairman of the meeting or the Board shall determine, (d) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for commencement thereof and (e) limitations on the amount of time allotted to questions or comments by participants. If any person in attendance shall become unruly or obstruct the meeting proceedings, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power to have such person removed from the meeting. Notwithstanding anything in the Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at a meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this ARTICLE I. The chairman of the meeting of stockholders, in addition to making any other

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determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that any proposed item of business was not brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this ARTICLE I and shall so declare to the meeting, and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
Section 1.16      Stock List . A complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders (provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order for each class of stock and showing the address of each such stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of such stockholder, shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to the list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. The stock list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled by this section to examine the list required by this section or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders.
ARTICLE II:      DIRECTORS
Section 2.1      Number of Directors . The authorized number of directors of the Corporation shall be fixed by or in the manner provided in the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 2.2      Election, Qualification and Term of Office of Directors . Directors shall be elected for such terms and in the manner provided by the Certificate of Incorporation and the General Corporation Law. Each director shall hold office until such director’s successor is duly elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, removal, retirement or disqualification. Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the attention of the Secretary of the Corporation. For purposes hereof, a notice given by electronic mail shall be deemed a written notice. The acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any vacancy in the Board of Directors resulting from the death, resignation, removal, retirement or disqualification of any director or for any other reason, and any newly created directorship resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors, shall be filled in the manner provided by the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 2.3      Regular Meetings . Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such places, within or outside of the State of Delaware, and at such dates and times as the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Secretary or the Board of Directors may from time

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to time determine. Notice of regular meetings need not be given if the date, times and places thereof are fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 2.4      Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Secretary or the Board of Directors and may be held at any time, date or place, within or outside of the State of Delaware, as the person or persons calling the meeting shall fix. Notice of the time, date and place of such meeting will be given, orally, in writing or by electronic transmission (including electronic mail), by the person or persons calling the meeting or the Secretary to all directors at least four (4) days before the meeting if the notice is mailed, or at least twenty-four (24) hours before the meeting if such notice is given by telephone, hand delivery, facsimile, electronic mail or other means of electronic transmission. Unless otherwise indicated in the notice, any and all business may be transacted at a special meeting.
Section 2.5      Remote Meetings Permitted . Members of the Board of Directors, or any committee of the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to conference telephone or other communications equipment will constitute presence in person at such meeting.
Section 2.6      Quorum . At all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the Whole Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by the General Corporation Law or by the Certificate of Incorporation. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present.
Section 2.7      Board Action By Written Consent Without A Meeting . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or the committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.
Section 2.8      Powers . Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or the General Corporation Law, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
Section 2.9      Fees and Compensation of Directors . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. No such compensation shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefore.

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ARTICLE III:      COMMITTEES
Section 3.1      Committees of Directors . The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, or in these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it, to the extent so authorized by the Board of Directors. Unless the Board of Directors provides otherwise, at all meetings of such committee, a majority of the then‑authorized members of the committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the vote of a majority of the members of the committee present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the committee.
Section 3.2      Committee Minutes . Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and, except as otherwise provided in the resolutions of the Board of Directors establishing such committee, will report the same to the Board of Directors as requested by the Board of Directors or as otherwise required.
Section 3.3      Meetings and Actions of Committees . Unless the Board of Directors otherwise provides, each committee designated by the Board of Directors may make, alter and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules each committee will conduct its business in the same manner as the Board of Directors conducts its business pursuant to Article II of these Bylaws.
ARTICLE IV:      OFFICERS
Section 4.1      Officers . The officers of the Corporation may consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Chief Financial Officer, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and such other officers, including a Controller, one or more Assistant Treasurers and one or more Assistant Secretaries, as may from time to time be appointed by the Board of Directors. All officers will be elected by the Board of Directors. Each officer will hold office until such person’s successor is elected and qualified or until such person’s earlier resignation, death or removal. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. Should any vacancy occur among the officers, the position shall be filled for the unexpired portion of the term by appointment made by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.2      Removal and Resignation of Officers . Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors. Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contractual rights of such officer, if any, with the Corporation.

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Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the attention of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Secretary of the Corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and, unless otherwise specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party.
Section 4.3      Chief Executive Officer . Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, if any, the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision, direction, and control of the business and the officers of the Corporation. He or she shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, in the absence or nonexistence of a Chairman of the Board, at all meetings of the Board of Directors and shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of Chairman of the Board and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws.
Section 4.4      President . The Board of Directors shall designate a person to be President. If the Board of Directors has not designated any person to be President, then the Chief Executive Officer shall be the President. Subject to the provisions of these Bylaws and to the direction of the Board of Directors, and subject to the supervisory powers of the Chief Executive Officer (if the Chief Executive Officer is not then serving in the office of the President), and subject to such supervisory powers and authority as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, the President will have the responsibility for the general management the control of the business and affairs of the Corporation and the general supervision and direction of subordinate officers, employees and agents of the Corporation, including the power to sign certificates representing shares of capital stock of the Corporation, and will perform all duties and have all powers that are commonly incident to the office of President or that are delegated to the President by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.5      Vice Presidents . Each Vice President will have all such powers and duties as are commonly incident to the office of Vice President, including the power to sign certificates representing shares of capital stock of the Corporation, or that are delegated to him or her by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. For the avoidance of doubt, the term Vice President shall refer to an officer elected by the Board as Vice President and shall not include any employees of the Corporation whose employment title is “Vice President” unless such individual has been elected by the Board of Directors as a Vice President of the Corporation in accordance with these Bylaws.
Section 4.6      Secretary . The Secretary will issue or cause to be issued all authorized notices for, and will keep, or cause to be kept, minutes of all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. The Secretary will have charge of the corporate minute books and similar records and will perform such other duties and have such other powers as are commonly incident to the office of Secretary, including the power to sign certificates representing shares of capital stock of the Corporation, or as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time prescribe.

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Section 4.7      Chief Financial Officer . Subject to the direction of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer will perform all duties and have all powers that are commonly incident to the office of Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct books and records of accounts of the properties and business transactions of the Corporation, including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital, retained earnings, and shares.
The Chief Financial Officer shall deposit or cause to be deposited all moneys and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Corporation with such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He or she shall disburse or cause to be disbursed the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the President, the Chief Executive Officer, or the directors, upon request, an account of all his or her transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. The person holding the office of Chief Financial Officer will be the Treasurer of the Corporation unless the Board of Directors designates another officer as Treasurer.
Section 4.8      Authority and Duties of Officers . In addition to the foregoing authority and duties, all officers of the Corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in the management of the business of the Corporation as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.9      Duties of Officers May be Delegated . In case any officer is absent, or for any other reason that the Board of Directors may deem sufficient, the Board of Directors may delegate from time to time the powers or duties of such officer to any other officer.
ARTICLE V:      INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OTHER PARTIES
Section 5.1      Indemnification of Directors and Officers . The Corporation shall, to the maximum extent and in the manner permitted by the General Corporation Law, indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or complete action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding, arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was director or officer of the Corporation or, while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise; provided that, except as set forth in Section 5.7 below with respect to proceedings by any such person to enforce such person’s rights to indemnification hereunder, the Corporation shall indemnify such person in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors.
Section 5.2      Indemnification of Others . The Corporation shall have the power, to the maximum extent and in the manner permitted by the General Corporation Law, to indemnify any person who is or was an employee or agent of the Corporation, or any other person who is or was

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serving at the request of the Corporation as an officer, director, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.
Section 5.3      Payment of Expenses in Advance . Expenses incurred in defending any action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification is required pursuant to Section 5.1 or for which indemnification is permitted pursuant to Section 5.2 following authorization thereof by the Board of Directors shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the indemnified party to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that the indemnified party is not entitled to be indemnified as authorized in this Article V.
Section 5.4      Indemnity Not Exclusive . The indemnification provided by this Article V shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under the General Corporation Law, any agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in an official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indemnification provided by this Article V may be limited by any exclusions or limitations in coverage that are made in any indemnification agreement or agreement containing similar terms between the indemnified party and the Corporation. Such exclusions or limitations shall not be inferred, but must be set forth explicitly in the language of such agreement, in such a way that it is clear that they apply not only to the agreement but to these Bylaws or generally to such indemnification obligations as may be in place.
Section 5.5      Insurance . The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or, not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of the General Corporation Law. The failure of the Corporation to provide insurance, or the denial of coverage by the applicable insurance company, shall not limit the Corporation’s obligations under Sections 5.1 through 5.4 of these Bylaws.
Section 5.6      Conflicts . No indemnification shall be made under this Article V, except where such indemnification is mandated by law or the order, judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction, in any circumstance where it appears:
(a)      That it would be inconsistent with a provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, a resolution of the stockholders or an agreement in effect at the time of the accrual of the alleged cause of the action asserted in the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred or other amounts were paid, which prohibits or otherwise limits indemnification; or
(b)      That it would be inconsistent with any condition expressly imposed by a court in approving a settlement.

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Section 5.7      Right to Bring Suit . If (i) a claim under Section 5.1 (or, in the case where indemnification shall have been authorized thereunder, Section 5.2) is not paid in full by the Corporation within sixty (60) days after a written claim therefor has been received by the Corporation, or (ii) a claim under Section 5.3 is not paid in full within twenty (20) days after a written claim therefor has been received by the Corporation, the person entitled to such indemnification or advancement of expenses may at any time thereafter (but not before) bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. If successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, such person shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In (x) any suit brought by such person to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by such person to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense that, and (y) in any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication provided that, such person has not met any applicable standard of conduct necessary to demonstrate entitlement to indemnification. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination that indemnification of such person is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct necessary to demonstrate entitlement to indemnification hereunder, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that such person has not met the applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that such person has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by such person, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by any such person to enforce a right of indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the person seeking such right is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article V or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.
Section 5.8      Amendment of Article V . Any amendment, repeal or modification of this Article V shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such amendment, repeal or modification.
ARTICLE VI:      GENERAL MATTERS
Section 6.1      Checks . From time to time, the Board of Directors shall determine by resolution which person or persons may sign or endorse all checks, drafts, other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness that are issued in the name of or payable to the Corporation, and only the persons so authorized shall sign or endorse those instruments.
Section 6.2      Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments . The Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Unless so authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer,

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agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.
Section 6.3      Stock Certificates . The shares of a Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors of the Corporation may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the Board of Directors, every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate representing the number of shares registered signed by or in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board, any Vice Chairman of the Board, the President or Vice-President, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he or she were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
Section 6.4      Lost Certificates . Except as provided in this Section 6.4, no new certificates or uncertificated shares shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is surrendered to the Corporation and cancelled at the same time. The Corporation may issue a new stock certificate or uncertificated shares in the place of any certificate previously issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the Corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or the owner’s legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.
Section 6.5      Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be January 1 to December 31, unless otherwise determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 6.6      Seal . The Corporation may adopt a corporate seal, which may be altered at pleasure, and may use the same by causing it or a facsimile thereof, to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.
Section 6.7      Construction; Definitions . Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction and definitions in the General Corporation Law shall govern the construction of these Bylaws. Without limiting the generality of this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes the singular, and the term “person” includes any natural person, corporation or other legal entity.
Section 6.8      Severability . If any provision of these Bylaws will be held to be invalid, illegal, unenforceable or in conflict with the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, then such provision will nonetheless be enforced to the maximum extent possible consistent with such holding and the remaining provisions of these Bylaws (including without limitation, all portions of any section of these Bylaws containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal, unenforceable

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or in conflict with the Certificate of Incorporation, that are not themselves invalid, illegal, unenforceable or in conflict with the Certificate of Incorporation) will remain in full force and effect.
Section 6.9      Waiver of Notice . Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the General Corporation Law or of the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the directors, or members of a committee of directors, need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
Section 6.10      Voting of Securities . Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise designate, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or the Treasurer may waive notice, vote, consent, or appoint any person or persons to waive notice, vote or consent, on behalf of the Corporation, and act as, or appoint any person or persons to act as, proxy or attorney-in-fact for the Corporation (with or without power of substitution), with respect to the securities of any other entity that may be held by the Corporation.
ARTICLE VII:      AMENDMENTS
Section 7.1      Amendments . These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new Bylaws may be adopted by the Board or by the stockholders as expressly provided in the Certificate of Incorporation.




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WEBFILINGS LLC
2009 UNIT INCENTIVE PLAN
ADOPTED: SEPTEMBER 4, 2009
AMENDED: OCTOBER 10, 2012
APPROVED BY MEMBERS: SEPTEMBER 11, 2009
TERMINATION DATE: SEPTEMBER 3, 2019
1.
PURPOSES.
The Company, by means of the Plan, seeks to retain the services of Employees, Consultants, Managing Directors and Other Service Providers of the Company and its Affiliates, to secure and retain the services of new members of this group and to provide incentives for such persons to exert maximum efforts for the success of the Company and its Affiliates.
2. DEFINITIONS.
(a) “Affiliate” means any parent or subsidiary entity of the Company, whether now or hereafter existing.
(a)      “Appreciation Unit” means a Unit representing an interest in the Profit (as defined in the Operating Agreement), Loss (as defined in the Operating Agreement) and distributions of the Company in excess of the applicable Threshold Amount for such Appreciation Unit and having the rights and obligations specified with respect to the Appreciation Units in the Operating Agreement. Appreciation Units are intended to be issued and qualify as “profits interests,” as defined in IRS Revenue Procedures 93-27 and 2001-43 and the provisions of this Plan relating to Appreciation Units shall be interpreted, applied and reported consistent with such intent.
(b)      “Award” means an Option, Appreciation Unit or Common Unit under the Plan.
(c)      “Change in Control of the Company” means (i) a business combination (such as a merger or consolidation) of the Company with any other limited liability company or other type of business entity (such as a corporation), other than a business combination which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) at least 50% of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the Company or such controlling surviving entity outstanding immediately after such business combination or (ii) the sale, lease, or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets. For the avoidance of doubt, the term Change in Control of the Company shall not include either (x) a sale of assets, merger or other transaction effected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company or (y) a Conversion as defined in the Operating Agreement.
(d)      “Common Unit” means a Common Unit of the Company, as defined in the Operating Agreement.

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(e)      “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
(f)      “Committee” means a Committee of one (1) or more Managing Directors appointed in accordance with subsection 3(c).
(g)      “Company” means WebFilings LLC, a California limited liability company.
(h)      “Consultant” means any person, including an advisor, engaged by the Company or an Affiliate to render consulting or advisory services and who is compensated for such services. However, the term “Consultant” shall not include Managing Directors or Members.
(i)      “Continuous Service” means that the Participant’s service with or for the Company or an Affiliate, whether as an Employee, a Member providing services to the Company (including as a Managing Director) or a Consultant, is not interrupted or terminated. (For the avoidance of doubt, mere status as a Member of the Company is not sufficient to qualify as Continuous Service with the Company.) A change in the capacity in which the Participant renders service to the Company or an Affiliate or a change in the entity for which the Participant renders such service, provided that there is no interruption or termination of the Participant’s services with or for the Company, shall not terminate a Participant’s Continuous Service with the Company. For example, a change in status from an Employee of the Company to a Consultant of an Affiliate will not constitute an interruption of Continuous Service. A Company-approved leave of absence shall not constitute an interruption or termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service with the Company provided the Participant returns to Continuous Service with the Company immediately following the termination of such leave of absence. In the event the Participant is a member of the Advisory Board of the Company, continued designation as a member of such Advisory Board shall be deemed Continuous Service with the Company.
(j)      Continuous Service with the Company for Vesting Purposes ” means Continuous Service with the Company; provided, however , that any period during which the Acquiring Holder is on a leave of absence shall not qualify as Continuous Service with the Company for Vesting Purposes except as required by law or as set forth in a written agreement signed by the Company.
(k)      “Disability” means an individual’s inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expect to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.
(l)      “Employee” means any person employed by the Company or an Affiliate as an employee.
(m)      “Fair Market Value” means, as of any date, the value of the Units determined reasonably and in good faith by the Managing Directors.
(n)      “Managing Director” means a Person designated as such in the Operating Agreement. Each reference in the Plan to an action by or decision of the Managing Directors shall mean such action or decision as made in accordance with the terms of the Operating Agreement.

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(o)      “Member” means a Member of the Company, as defined in the Operating Agreement.
(p)      “Operating Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of the Company, dated as of September 12, 2009, as the same may be amended from time to time.
(q)      “Option” means an option to purchase Common Units granted pursuant to the Plan.
(r)      “Option Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and an Optionee evidencing the terms and conditions of an individual Option grant. Each Option Agreement shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.
(s)      “Optionee” means a person to whom an Option is granted pursuant to the Plan or, if applicable, such other person who holds an outstanding Option.
(t)      Other Service Provider means any provider of services to the Company or an Affiliate other than an Employee, Managing Director, or Consultant. Other Service Providers shall include, without limitation, a Member who is providing services to the Company either in such Member’s capacity as a Member or in some other capacity or a partner of an Affiliate organized as a partnership if such partner is providing services to the Affiliate either in such partner’s capacity as a partner, or in some other capacity.
(u)      Participant means a person to whom an Award is granted pursuant to the Plan or, if applicable, such other Person who holds an outstanding Award.
(v)      “Person” means and includes an individual, corporation, partnership, association, limited liability company, trust, estate, or other entity.
(w)      “Plan” means this 2009 Unit Incentive Plan.
(x)      “Joinder Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant evidencing the terms and conditions of an individual grant of Appreciation Units or an individual grant or purchase of Common Units pursuant to the Plan. Each Joinder Agreement shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Operating Agreement.
(y)      “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(z)      Threshold Amount” means, with respect to an Appreciation Unit, the dollar amount per Unit at which an Appreciation Unit is entitled to share in cumulative net Profits (as defined in the Operating Agreement) of the Company and distributions in respect thereof. The Threshold Amount of each Appreciation Unit shall be set forth on the Unit and Option Registry (as defined in the Operating Agreement).
(aa)      “Unit” means an Appreciation Unit or Common Unit, and any securities into which such Appreciation Unit or Common Unit may hereafter be converted, granted pursuant to the Plan.

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3.      ADMINISTRATION.
(a)      Administration by the Managing Directors. The Managing Directors shall administer the Plan unless and until the Managing Directors delegate administration to a Committee, as provided in subsection 3(c) of the Plan.
(b)      Powers of the Managing Directors. The Managing Directors shall have the power, subject to, and within the limitations of, the express provisions of the Plan:
(i)      To determine from time to time which of the persons eligible under the Plan shall be granted Awards; when and how each Award shall be granted; the provisions of each Option Agreement and Joinder Agreement (which need not be identical), including the time or times when a person shall vest in an Award or be permitted to exercise an Option; and the number of Units subject to an Award.
(ii)      To construe and interpret the Plan, the Awards granted under it, and to establish, amend and revoke rules and regulations for its administration. The Managing Directors, in the exercise of this power, may correct any defect, omission or inconsistency in the Plan or in any Option Agreement or Joinder Agreement, in a manner and to the extent it shall deem necessary or expedient to make the Plan fully effective.
(iii)      To amend the Plan, an Option Agreement, or a Joinder Agreement as provided in Section 12.
(iv)      Generally, to exercise such powers and to perform such acts as the Managing Directors deem necessary or expedient to promote the best interests of the Company which are not in conflict with the provisions of the Plan.
(c)      Delegation to Committee.
(i)      General. The Managing Directors may delegate administration of the Plan to a Committee or Committees of one (1) or more members of the Managing Directors, and the term “Committee” shall apply to any person or persons to whom such authority has been delegated. If administration is delegated to a Committee, the Committee shall have, in connection with the administration of the Plan, the powers theretofore possessed by the Managing Directors, including the power to delegate to a subcommittee any of the administrative powers the Committee is authorized to exercise (and references in this Plan to the Managing Directors shall thereafter be to the Committee or subcommittee), subject, however, to such resolutions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as may be adopted from time to time by the Managing Directors. The Managing Directors may abolish the Committee at any time and revest in the Managing Directors the administration of the Plan.
(d)      Effect of Managing Directors’ Decision. All determinations, interpretations and constructions made by the Managing Directors in good faith shall not be subject to review by any person and shall be final, binding and conclusive on all persons.

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4.      UNITS SUBJECT TO THE PLAN.
(a)      Unit Reserve. Subject to the provisions of Section 11 relating to adjustments upon changes in Units, the Units that may be issued pursuant to Awards shall not exceed an aggregate of 25,750,000 Appreciation Units and/or Common Units.
(b)      Reversion of Units to the Unit Reserve. If any Award shall for any reason expire or otherwise terminate, in whole or in part, without having been vested or exercised in full, the Units not acquired or not vested (as the case may be) under such award shall revert to and again become available for issuance under the Plan.
5.      ELIGIBILITY.
(a)      General. The persons eligible to receive Awards are Employees, Managing Directors, eligible Consultants, and Other Service Providers of the Company and its Affiliates.
(b)      Consultants and Other Service Providers.
(i)      A Consultant or Other Service Provider shall not be eligible for the grant of an Award if, at the time of grant, either the offer or the sale of the Company’s securities to such Consultant or Other Service Provider is not exempt under Rule 701 of the Securities Act ( “Rule 701” ) because of the nature of the services that the Consultant or Other Service Provider is providing to the Company, or because the Consultant or Other Service Provider is not a natural person, or as otherwise provided by Rule 701, unless the Company determines that such grant need not comply with the requirements of Rule 701 and will satisfy another exemption under the Securities Act as well as comply with the securities laws of all other relevant jurisdictions.
(ii)      Rule 701 generally is available to consultants and advisors only if (1) they are natural persons; (2) they provide bona fide services to the issuer, its parents, its majority-owned subsidiaries or majority-owned subsidiaries of the issuer's parent; and (3) the services are not in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction, and do not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for the issuer's securities.
6.      OPTION TERMS.
Each Option shall be in such form and shall contain such terms and conditions as the Managing Directors shall deem appropriate. The provisions of separate Option Agreements need not be identical, but each Option shall include (through incorporation of provisions hereof by reference in the Option or otherwise) the substance of each of the following provisions:
(a)      Term. No Option shall be exercisable after the expiration of ten (10) years from the date it was granted.
(b)      Exercise Price of Options. The exercise price of each Option shall be not less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value of the Units subject to the Option on the date the Option is granted.

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(c)      Consideration. The purchase price of Units acquired pursuant to an Option shall be paid, to the extent permitted by applicable statutes and regulations, either (i) in cash at the time the Option is exercised or (ii) at the discretion of the Managing Directors at the time of the grant of the Option, (A) according to a deferred payment or other similar arrangement with the Optionee, (B) via a “net exercise” or similar arrangement, or (C) in any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to the Managing Directors, in each case, as set forth in the Option Agreement. In the case of any deferred payment arrangement, interest shall be compounded at least annually and shall be charged at the minimum rate of interest necessary to avoid the treatment as interest, under any applicable provisions of the Code, of any amounts other than amounts stated to be interest under the deferred payment arrangement.
(d)      Transferability of Options. The Managing Directors may, in their sole discretion, impose such limitations on the transferability of Options as the Managing Directors shall determine. In the absence of such a determination by the Managing Directors to the contrary, the following restrictions on the transferability of Options shall apply:
(i)      Restrictions on Transfer. An Option shall not be transferable except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution and shall be exercisable during the lifetime of the Optionee only by the Optionee; provided, however , that the Managing Directors may, in their sole discretion, permit transfer of the Option to such extent as permitted by Section 260.140.41(c) of Title 10 of the California Code of Regulations at the time of the grant of the Option and in a manner consistent with applicable tax and securities laws.
(ii)      Domestic Relations Orders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Option may be transferred pursuant to a domestic relations order.
(iii)      Beneficiary Designation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Optionee may, by delivering written notice to the Company, in a form provided by or otherwise satisfactory to the Company, designate a third party who, in the event of the death of the Optionee, shall thereafter be entitled to exercise the Option and receive the Units or other consideration resulting from an Option exercise. In the absence of such designation, the executor or administrator of the Participant’s estate shall be entitled to exercise the Option and receive the Units or other consideration resulting from an Option exercise.
(e)      Vesting Generally. The total number of Units subject to an Option may, but need not, vest and therefore become exercisable in periodic installments that may, but need not, be equal. The Option may be subject to such other terms and conditions on the time or times when it may be exercised (which may be based on performance or other criteria) as the Managing Directors may deem appropriate. The vesting provisions of individual Options may vary. The provisions of this subsection 6(e) are subject to any Option provisions governing the minimum number of Units as to which an Option may be exercised.
(f)      Termination of Continuous Service. In the event an Optionee’s Continuous Service terminates (other than upon the Optionee’s death or Disability), the Optionee may exercise his or her Option (to the extent that the Optionee was entitled to exercise such Option as of the date of termination) but only within such period of time ending on the earlier of (i) the date three

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(3) months following the termination of the Optionee’s Continuous Service (or such longer or shorter period specified in the Option Agreement, provided, however, that such period shall not be shorter than thirty (30) days to the extent required by Section 260.140.41(e) of Title 10 of the California Code of Regulations at the time of the grant of the Option), or (ii) the expiration of the term of the Option as set forth in the Option Agreement. If, after termination, the Optionee does not exercise his or her Option within the time specified in the Option Agreement, the Option shall terminate.
(g)      Disability of Optionee. In the event that an Optionee’s Continuous Service terminates as a result of the Optionee’s Disability, the Optionee may exercise his or her Option (to the extent that the Optionee was entitled to exercise such Option as of the date of termination), but only within such period of time ending on the earlier of (i) the date twelve (12) months following such termination (or such longer or shorter period specified in the Option Agreement, provided, however, that such period shall not be shorter than six (6) months to the extent required by Section 260.140.41(e) of Title 10 of the California Code of Regulations at the time of the grant of the Option) or (ii) the expiration of the term of the Option as set forth in the Option Agreement. If, after termination, the Optionee does not exercise his or her Option within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate.
(h)      Death of Optionee. In the event (i) an Optionee’s Continuous Service terminates as a result of the Optionee’s death or (ii) the Optionee dies within the period (if any) specified in the Option Agreement after the termination of the Optionee’s Continuous Service for a reason other than death, then the Option may be exercised (to the extent the Optionee was entitled to exercise such Option as of the date of death) by the Optionee’s estate, by a person who acquired the right to exercise the Option by bequest or inheritance or by a person designated to exercise the Option upon the Optionee’s death pursuant to subsection (d)(iii) above, but only within the period ending on the earlier of (1) the date twelve (12) months following the date of death (or such longer or shorter period specified in the Option Agreement, provided, however, that such period shall not be shorter than six (6) months to the extent required by Section 260.140.41(e) of Title 10 of the California Code of Regulations at the time of the grant of the Option) or (2) the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Option Agreement. If, after death, the Option is not exercised within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate.
(i)      Early Exercise. The Option may, but need not, include a provision whereby the Optionee may elect at any time before the Optionee’s Continuous Service terminates to exercise the Option as to any part or all of the Units subject to the Option prior to the full vesting of the Option. Subject to the “Repurchase Limitation” in Section 10(f), any unvested Units so purchased may be subject to a repurchase option in favor of the Company or to any other restriction the Managing Directors determine to be appropriate.
(j)      Right of Repurchase. Subject to the “Repurchase Limitation” in Section 10(f) of the Plan, the Option may, but need not, include a provision whereby the Company may elect to repurchase all or any part of the vested Units acquired by the Optionee pursuant to the exercise of the Option.

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7.      UNIT TERMS.
Subject to the provisions of the Plan, each Joinder Agreement shall be in such form and shall contain such terms and conditions as the Managing Directors shall deem appropriate. The provisions of separate Joinder Agreements need not be identical but each Joinder Agreement shall include (through incorporation of provisions hereof by reference in the Joinder Agreement or otherwise) the substance of each of the following provisions:
(a)      Consideration. The Managing Directors may grant Appreciation Units in consideration for past services, future services or any other form of lawful consideration acceptable to the Managing Directors in its discretion, and such Units shall have a purchase price equal to zero ($0). The Managing Directors shall comply with the capital contribution provisions of the Operating Agreement with respect to any Award of Common Units.
(b)      Transferability; Designation of Beneficiary. A Participant may transfer a Unit only if and to the extent permitted under the Operating Agreement and in the applicable Joinder Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Participant may, by delivering written notice to the Company, in a form satisfactory to the Company, designate a third party who, in the event of the death of the Participant, shall be entitled to receive the Units, subject to any rights of the Company or other parties under the Plan, the Joinder Agreement, and/or the Operating Agreement.
(c)      Vesting. Subject to the “Repurchase Limitation” in Section 10(f), the total number of Units subject to a Joinder Agreement may, but need not, be allotted in periodic installments (which may, but need not, be equal). The Joinder Agreement will provide that from time to time during each of such installment periods, the Units allotted to that period will vest. On such vesting dates, the Units may be subject to such other terms and conditions (which may be based on performance or other criteria) as the Managing Directors may deem appropriate. The vesting provisions of Units under individual Joinder Agreements may vary. Subject to the “Repurchase Limitation” in Section 10(f), all unvested Units acquired pursuant to a Joinder Agreement may be subject to a repurchase option in favor of the Company or to any other restriction the Managing Directors determines to be appropriate.
(d)      Termination of Continuous Service. Subject to the “Repurchase Limitation” in Section 10(f), in the event a Participant’s Continuous Service terminates, the Joinder Agreement with the Participant shall terminate, and the unvested Units covered by such Joinder Agreement shall revert to and again become available for issuance under the Plan.
8.      SECURITIES LAW COMPLIANCE.
The Company shall seek to obtain from each regulatory commission or agency having jurisdiction over the Plan such authority as may be required to (i) grant Options and to issue and sell Units upon the exercise of Options, and (ii) issue Units under Joinder Agreements; provided, however, that this undertaking shall not require the Company to register under the Securities Act the Plan, any Unit, any Option, or any Units issued or issuable pursuant to any such Option. If, after reasonable efforts, the Company is unable to obtain from any such regulatory commission or agency the authority which counsel for the Company deems necessary for the lawful issuance of

8



Units under the Plan, the Company shall be relieved from any liability for failure to issue Units upon exercise of such Options or transfer Units under such Joinder Agreement unless and until such authority is obtained.
9.      USE OF PROCEEDS.
Proceeds from the sale of Units under the Plan shall constitute general funds of the Company.
10.      MISCELLANEOUS.
(a)      Acceleration of Exercisability and Vesting. The Managing Directors shall have the power to accelerate the time at which an Option may first be exercised or the time during which an Award, or any part thereof, will vest in accordance with the Plan, notwithstanding the provisions in the applicable Option Agreement or Joinder Agreement stating the time at which it may first be exercised or the time during which it will vest.
(b)      Member Rights. No Optionee shall be deemed to be the holder of, or to have any of the rights of a holder with respect to, any Units subject to such Option unless and until such Optionee has satisfied all requirements for exercise of the Option pursuant to its terms. A Participant to whom a Unit is issued in accordance with the Plan shall have such rights with respect to such Unit as are provided in the Operating Agreement.
(c)      No Employment or Other Service Rights. Nothing in the Plan or any instrument executed or Award granted pursuant thereto shall confer upon any Participant any right to continue to serve the Company or an Affiliate in the capacity in effect at the time the Award was granted or shall affect the right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate the service relationship of any person, with or without notice and with or without cause.
(d)      Investment Assurances. The Company may require a Participant, as a condition of acquiring Units under any Option Agreement or Joinder Agreement, (i) to give written assurances satisfactory to the Company as to the Participant’s knowledge and experience in financial and business matters and/or to employ a purchaser representative reasonably satisfactory to the Company who is knowledgeable and experienced in financial and business matters and that he or she is capable of evaluating, alone or together with the purchaser representative, the merits and risks of owning a Unit; (ii) to give written assurances satisfactory to the Company stating that the Participant is acquiring Units for the Participant’s own account and not with any present intention of selling or otherwise distributing Units; and (iii) to execute the Operating Agreement. The foregoing requirements, and any assurances given pursuant to such requirements, shall be inoperative if (1) the issuance of the Units has been registered under a then currently effective registration statement under the Securities Act or (2) as to any particular requirement, a determination is made by counsel for the Company that such requirement need not be met in the circumstances under the then applicable securities laws. The Company may, upon advice of counsel to the Company, place legends on certificates issued under the Plan (if any) as such counsel deems necessary or appropriate in order to comply with applicable securities laws, including, but not limited to, legends restricting the transfer of Units.

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(e)      Withholding Obligations. To the extent provided by the terms of an Option Agreement or Joinder Agreement, a Participant may satisfy any federal, state or local tax withholding obligation relating to the acquisition of Units by any of the following means (in addition to the Company’s right to withhold from any compensation, distributions and payments paid to the Participant by the Company) or by a combination of such means: (i) tendering a cash payment; or (ii) authorizing the Company to withhold Units from the Units otherwise issuable to the Participant, provided, however, that no Units may be withheld with a value exceeding the minimum amount of tax required to be withheld by law.
(f)      Repurchase Limitation. The terms of any repurchase option shall be included in the applicable Option Agreement or Joinder Agreement, and the repurchase price may be either the Fair Market Value of the Units on the date of termination of Continuous Service or the lower of (i) the Fair Market Value of the Units on the date of repurchase or (ii) their original cash purchase price (if any).
(g)      No Obligation to Notify or Minimize Taxes. The Company shall have no duty or obligation to any holder of an Option to advise such holder as to the time or manner of exercising such Option. Furthermore, the Company shall have no duty or obligation to warn or otherwise advise such holder of a pending termination or expiration of an Option or a possible period in which the Option may not be exercised. The Company has no duty or obligation to minimize the tax consequences of an Award to the holder of such Award.
(h)      Action Constituting Grant of Options and Units. Action constituting an offer by the Company of Units to any Participant under the terms of the Option Agreement or Joinder Agreement, as applicable, shall be deemed completed as of the date the Managing Directors (or the Managing Directors’ authorized designee) approves the terms of such award pursuant to the Operating Agreement and this Plan, regardless of when the instrument, certificate, or letter evidencing the Award is actually received or accepted by the Participant, unless a different time is specified by the Managing Directors (or the Managing Directors’s designee).
(i)      Electronic Delivery. Any reference herein to a “written” agreement or document shall include any agreement or document delivered electronically or posted on the Company’s intranet.
11.      ADJUSTMENTS UPON CHANGES IN CAPITALIZATION.
(a)      Capitalization Adjustments. If any change is made in the Units, without the receipt of consideration by the Company (through merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization, incorporation, change in state of organization, distribution (whether in property or cash), equity split, liquidating distribution, combination of Units, exchange of Units, change in form of organization or structure, or other transaction not involving the receipt of consideration by the Company), then: (i) the Plan will be proportionately and appropriately adjusted in the class(es) and maximum number of securities subject to the Plan pursuant to subsection 4(a), (ii) the outstanding Options will be appropriately and proportionately adjusted in the class(es) and number of securities and price per security subject to such outstanding Options, and (iii) the outstanding Units will be appropriately and proportionately adjusted in the class(es) and number of securities

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subject to such Joinder Agreements. The Managing Directors shall make such adjustments, and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive. (The conversion of any convertible securities of the Company shall not be treated as a transaction “without receipt of consideration” by the Company.)
(b)      Dissolution or Liquidation. Unless otherwise provided by the Managing Directors in their sole discretion, in the event of a dissolution or liquidation of the Company, all outstanding unvested Awards shall terminate immediately prior to such event, and any outstanding vested Options that are not exercised in advance of such event (by such date as may be specified by the Managing Directors in their sole discretion) shall terminate immediately prior to such event.
(c)      Asset Sale, Merger, Consolidation or Reverse Merger . In the event of (i) a sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, (ii) a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the surviving entity, or (iii) a reverse merger in which the Company is the surviving entity but the Units outstanding immediately preceding the merger are converted by virtue of the merger into other property, whether in the form of securities, cash or otherwise (including a Change in Control of the Company, and individually, a “ Company Transaction ”), then:
(i)      Options. Any surviving or acquiring entity may assume any Option (or a portion of any Option) outstanding under the Plan or may substitute similar a option (including an option to acquire the same consideration paid to the Members in the Company Transaction for those outstanding under the Plan). In the event any surviving or acquiring entity refuses to assume any Option (or portion of an Option) or to substitute a similar option for an Option outstanding under the Plan, then such Options shall terminate upon the consummation of the Corporate Transaction if not exercised at or prior to the Company Transaction.
(ii)      Units. With respect to any unvested Units under the Plan, any surviving or acquiring entity in a Company Transaction shall substitute similar equity awards for such Units outstanding under the Plan, and any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by the Company in respect of Units may be assigned by the Company to the surviving or acquiring entity. In the event any surviving or acquiring entity refuses to substitute similar equity awards for unvested Units under the Plan, then such unvested Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Company Transaction.
(iii)      Cash-Out of Options. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event any Option (or portion thereof) will terminate if not exercised prior to the effective time of a Company Transaction, the Managing Directors may provide, in their sole discretion, that the holder of any such Option (or portion thereof) that is not exercised prior to such effective time will receive a payment, in such form as may be determined by the Managing Directors, equal in value to the excess, if any, of (A) the value of the property the holder of the Option would have received upon the exercise of the Option (or applicable portion), over (B) the exercise price payable by such holder in connection with such exercise.
(iv)      Acceleration of Vesting. Except as otherwise stated in the award agreement or another written agreement between the Participant and the Company, in the event of a Corporate

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Transaction in which the surviving corporation or acquiring corporation (or its parent company) does not assume or continue such outstanding Awards or substitute similar awards for such outstanding Awards, then, in addition to the other provisions of this Section 11(c) above:

(A)    Awards Held by Current Participants. With respect to Awards that are held by Participants whose Continuous Service has not terminated prior to the effective time of the Corporate Transaction (referred to as the “ Current Participants ”), the vesting of such Awards, and the time at which Options may be exercised, shall (contingent upon the effectiveness of the Corporate Transaction) automatically be accelerated in full to a date prior to the effective time of such Corporate Transaction as the Managing Directors shall determine (or, if the Managing Directors shall not determine such a date, to the date that is five (5) days prior to the effective time of the Corporate Transaction), and any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by the Company with respect to such Awards shall lapse (contingent upon the effectiveness of the Corporate Transaction).

(B)    Awards Held by Persons other than Current Participants. With respect to Awards that are held by persons other than Current Participants, the vesting of such Awards shall not be accelerated, and any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by the Company with respect to such Awards shall not terminate and may continue to be exercised notwithstanding the Corporate Transaction.

12.      AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN AND AWARDS.
(a)      Amendment of Plan. At any time, and from time to time, the Managing Directors may amend the Plan. If the approval of the Members of an amendment to the Plan is required by the Operating Agreement, then such amendment shall not be effective unless approved by the Members in accordance with the Operating Agreement. Rights under any Option Agreement or Joinder Agreement granted before amendment of the Plan shall not be impaired by any amendment of the Plan unless (i) the Company requests the consent of the Participant and (ii) such Participant consents in writing.
(b)      Amendment of Awards. At any time, and from time to time, the Managing Directors may amend the terms of any one or more Options or Joinder Agreements; provided, however, that a Participant’s rights under any such award shall not be impaired by any such amendment unless (i) the Company requests the consent of the Participant and (ii) such Participant consents in writing.
13.      TERMINATION OR SUSPENSION OF THE PLAN.
(a)      Plan Term. The Managing Directors may suspend or terminate the Plan at any time. Unless sooner terminated, the Plan shall terminate on the day before the tenth (10th) anniversary of the date the Plan is adopted by the Managing Directors (or if earlier, on the day before the tenth (10th) anniversary of the date the Plan is approved by the Members, to the extent required by Section 260.140.41(f) of Title 10 of the California Code of Regulations). No Awards may be granted under the Plan while the Plan is suspended or after it is terminated.

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(b)      No Impairment of Rights. Suspension or termination of the Plan shall not impair rights and obligations under any Award granted while the Plan is in effect except with the written consent of the Participant.
14.      EFFECTIVE DATE OF PLAN.
The Plan shall become effective as determined by the Managing Directors, provided that no Option shall be exercised and no Unit shall be issued under the Plan unless and until the Plan has been approved by the Members of the Company in accordance with the Operating Agreement.
15.      CHOICE OF LAW
The law of the State of California shall govern all questions concerning the construction, validity and interpretation of this Plan, without regard to such state’s conflict of laws rules.

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WORKIVA INC.
2014 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN





TABLE OF CONTENTS


 
 
Page
SECTION 1 -
 
PURPOSE
 
 
 
 
SECTION 2 -
 
DEFINITIONS
 
 
 
 
SECTION 3 -
 
ADMINISTRATION
 
 
 
 
SECTION 4 -
 
STOCK
 
 
 
 
SECTION 5 -
 
GRANTING OF AWARDS
 
 
 
 
SECTION 6 -
 
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF OPTIONS
 
 
 
 
SECTION 7 -
 
SARs
 
 
 
 
SECTION 8 -
 
RESTRICTED STOCK
 
 
 
 
SECTION 9 -
 
RSUs
 
 
 
 
SECTION 10 -
 
STOCK GRANTS
 
 
 
 
SECTION 11 -
 
AWARD AGREEMENTS
 
 
 
 
SECTION 12 -
 
ADJUSTMENT IN CASE OF CHANGES IN COMMON STOCK
 
 
 
 
SECTION 13 -
 
CHANGE IN CONTROL
 
 
 
 
SECTION 14 -
 
CERTAIN CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS
 
 
 
 
SECTION 15 -
 
AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN AND OUTSTANDING AWARDS
 
 
 
 
SECTION 16 -
 
TERMINATION OF PLAN; CESSATION OF ISO GRANTS
 
 
 
 
SECTION 17 -
 
EFFECTIVE DATE; SHAREHOLDER APPROVAL
 
 
 
 
SECTION 18 -
 
MISCELLANEOUS
 
 
 
 





WORKIVA INC.
2014 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
WHEREAS, Workiva Inc., a Delaware corporation, desires to grant equity incentive awards to certain of its employees, consultants and non-employee directors;
NOW, THEREFORE, the Workiva Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan is hereby adopted under the following terms and conditions:
SECTION 1- PURPOSE
The Plan is intended to provide a means whereby the Company may, through the grant of Awards to Employees, Consultants and Non-Employee Directors, attract and retain such individuals and motivate them to exercise their best efforts on behalf of the Company and its affiliates.
SECTION 2- DEFINITIONS
The following terms shall have the following meanings unless otherwise required by the context:
(a)      Administrator ” means (1) the Committee, and (2) the Chief Executive Officer of the Company with respect to an Award granted to an individual who is not subject to Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.
(b)      Award ” means an ISO, NQSO, SAR, Restricted Stock, RSU or Stock Grant awarded by the Company to an Employee, a Consultant or a Non-Employee Director.
(c)      Award Agreement ” means a document evidencing the grant of an Award, as described in Section 11.
(d)      Board ” means the Board of Directors of the Company.
(e)      Cause ” means any of the following events, as determined by the Committee: (1) the commission of an act which, if proven in a court of law, would constitute a felony violation under applicable criminal laws; (2) a breach of any material duty or obligation imposed upon the Grantee by the Company; (3) divulging the Company's confidential information, or breaching or causing the breach of any confidentiality agreement to which the Grantee or the Company is a party; (4) engaging or assisting others to engage in business in competition with the Company; (5) refusal to follow a lawful order of the Grantee's superior or other conduct which the Board or the Committee determines to represent insubordination on the part of the Grantee; or (6) other conduct by the Grantee which the Board or the Committee, in its discretion, deems to be sufficiently injurious to the interests of the Company to constitute cause.
(f)      Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.





(g)      Committee ” means a committee which consists solely of not fewer than two directors of the Company who shall be appointed by, and serve at the pleasure of, the Board (taking into consideration the rules under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, the requirements of Code §162(m) and the rules regarding “independent directors” of exchange on which Common Stock is listed) or the entire Board.
(h)      Common Stock ” means Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company.
(i)      Company ” means Workiva Inc.
(j)      Consultant ” means an individual who is not an Employee or a Non-Employee Director and who has entered into a consulting arrangement with the Company or a Related Corporation to provide bona fide services that (1) are not in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction, and (2) do not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for the Company’s securities.
(k)      Employee ” means an employee of the Company or of a Related Corporation.
(l)      Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
(m)      Fair Market Value ” means (1) the closing price of the Common Stock on a registered securities exchange on the applicable date or the immediately preceding trading day if the applicable date is not a trading day, or (2) such other method of determining fair market value as shall be permissible under the Code, or the rules or regulations thereunder, and adopted by the Committee.
(n)      Grantee ” means an Employee, a Consultant or a Non-Employee Director who has been granted an Award under the Plan.
(o)      ISO ” means an Option which, at the time such Option is granted, qualifies as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Code §422(b), unless the Award Agreement states that the Option will not be treated as an ISO.
(p)      Non-Employee Director ” means a director of the Company who is not an Employee under the rules of Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.
(q)      NQSO ” means an Option which, at the time such Option is granted, does not qualify as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Code §422(b), whether or not it is designated as a nonqualified stock option in the Award Agreement.
(r)      Options ” means ISOs and NQSOs which entitle the Grantee on exercise thereof to purchase shares of Common Stock at a specified exercise price.
(s)      Performance Goals ” means the objective goal or goals applicable to a Grantee’s Performance Stock or PSUs that are deemed by the Committee to be important to the success of the Company or any affiliates of the Company. The Committee shall establish the specific objective

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measures for each applicable goal for a performance period, which need not be uniform with respect to each Grantee. In creating these measures, the Committee shall use one or more of the following business criteria: (1) net earnings or net income (before or after taxes); (2) basic or diluted earnings per share (before or after taxes); (3) pre- or after-tax income (before or after allocation of corporate overhead and bonus); (4) operating income (before or after taxes); (5) net sales or net sales growth; (6) gross profit or gross profit growth; (7) net operating profit (before or after taxes); (8) earnings, including earnings before or after taxes, interest, depreciation and/or amortization; (9) return measures (including, but not limited to, return on assets, net assets, capital, total capital, tangible capital, invested capital, equity, sales, or total stockholder return); (10) cash flow (including, but not limited to, operating cash flow, free cash flow, cash flow return on capital, cash flow return on investment, and cash flow per share (before or after dividends); (11) margins, gross or operating margins, or cash margins; (12) share price (including, but not limited to, growth measures and total stockholder return); (13) expense or cost targets; (14) objective measures of customer satisfaction; (15) working capital targets; (16) measures of economic value added, or economic value-added models or equivalent metrics; (17) debt targets; (18) stockholder equity; or (19) implementation, completion or attainment of measurable objectives with respect to business development, acquisitions and divestitures, and recruiting and maintaining personnel. The business criteria may apply to the individual, a division, a component of the Company’s business, or to the Company and/or one or more affiliates of the Company and may be weighted and expressed in absolute terms or relative to the performance of other individuals or companies or an index. To the extent permitted by law, the Committee may exclude the impact of an event or occurrence which the Committee determines should be appropriately excluded, such as: restructurings, discontinued operations, extraordinary items and other unusual or non-recurring charges; an event either not directly related to the Company’s operations or not within the reasonable control of management; or a change in tax law or accounting standards required by generally accepted accounting principles. The Committee shall determine the performance period and the Performance Goals and measures (and weighting thereof) applicable to such period not later than the earlier of 90 days after the commencement of the performance period or the expiration of 25% of the performance period.
(t)      Performance Stock ” means a type of Restricted Stock, where the lapse of restrictions is based on Performance Goals.
(u)      Plan ” means the Workiva Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan as set forth herein and as amended from time to time.
(v)      PSU ” means a performance stock unit which is a type of RSU, the vesting of which is based on Performance Goals.
(w)      Related Corporation ” means any corporation or other entity in which the Company holds, directly or indirectly, a controlling interest; provided, however, that with respect to ISOs, an entity shall be a “Related Corporation” only if the entity is described in the preceding clause and is a subsidiary corporation of the Company as defined in Code §424(f). For purposes of this subsection, the term “controlling interest” shall have the same meaning as provided in Treas. Reg. §1.414(c)-2(b)(2)(i), using “at least 50 percent” instead of “at least 80 percent” each place it appears in such regulation.

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(x)      Restricted Stock ” means Common Stock subject to restrictions determined by the Administrator pursuant to Section 8.
(y)      RSU ” means a restricted stock unit granted pursuant to Section 9.
(z)      SAR ” means a stock appreciation right granted pursuant to Section 7.
(aa)      Securities Act means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time.
(bb)      Short-Term Deferral Period ” means, with respect to an amount (including Common Stock) payable pursuant to an Award, the period ending on the later of (1) the 15th day of the third month following the Grantee’s first taxable year in which the amount is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, or (2) the 15th day of the third month following the Company’s first taxable year in which the amount is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture; provided, however, that such period (measured from the last day of the period) shall be within one calendar year and shall not exceed 2½ months. A Grantee shall have no discretion over the payment date and shall have no right to interest as a result of payment on a date other than the first day of the Short-Term Deferral Period.
(cc)      Stock Grant ” means a grant of unrestricted shares of Common Stock pursuant to Section 10.
(dd)      Termination of Service ” means (1) with respect to an Award granted to an Employee, the termination of the employment relationship between the Employee and the Company and all Related Corporations; (2) with respect to an Award granted to a Consultant, the termination of the consulting or advisory arrangement between the Consultant and the Company and all Related Corporations; and (3) with respect to an Award granted to a Non-Employee Director, the cessation of the provision of services as a director of the Company and all Related Corporations. A Termination of Service shall not be deemed to have resulted by reason of a bona fide leave of absence approved by the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing: (A) if the Grantee’s status changes from Employee, Consultant or Non-Employee Director to any other status eligible to receive an Award under the Plan, no Termination of Service shall occur for purposes of the Plan until the Grantee’s new status with the Company and all Related Corporations terminates; (B) with respect to an RSU that is subject to Code §409A, “Termination of Service” shall mean separation from service as defined in Treas. Reg. §1.409A-1(h); and (C) if a Grantee’s relationship is with a Related Corporation and not the Company, the Grantee shall incur a Termination of Service when such corporation ceases to be a Related Corporation, except as otherwise determined by the Committee, or as otherwise necessary to comply with Code §409A (to the extent applicable).

SECTION 3 -      ADMINISTRATION
(a)    The Plan shall be administered by the Administrator. The Administrator (and members thereof), while serving as such, shall be deemed to be acting in its (or his or her) capacity as a director or officer of the Company. The Administrator shall have full authority, subject to the terms of the Plan, to select the Employees, Consultants and Non-Employee Directors to be granted

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Awards under the Plan, to grant Awards on behalf of the Company, and to set the date of grant and the other terms of such Awards in accordance with the terms of the Plan. The Committee may correct any defect, supply any omission, and reconcile any inconsistency in the Plan and the Administrator may do so with respect to any Award granted hereunder, in the manner and to the extent the Administrator deems desirable. The Committee also shall have the authority (1) to establish such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, for the proper administration of the Plan, and to amend, modify, or rescind any such rules and regulations, (2) to adopt modifications, amendments, procedures, sub-plans and the like, which may be inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as are necessary to comply with the laws and regulations of other countries in which the Company operates in order to assure the viability of Awards granted under the Plan to individuals in such other countries, and (3) to make such determinations and interpretations under, or in connection with, the Plan, as it deems necessary or advisable. All such rules, regulations, determinations, and interpretations shall be binding and conclusive upon the Company, its shareholders, and all Grantees, upon their respective legal representatives, beneficiaries, successors, and assigns, and upon all other persons claiming under or through any of them. Except as otherwise required by the bylaws of the Company or by applicable law, the Administrator and the members of the Board and the Committee shall not be liable for any action or determination made in good faith with respect to the Plan or any Award.
(b)    From time to time, the Board may increase or decrease the size of the Committee, appoint or remove Committee members (with or without cause), and fill vacancies, however caused in the Committee. The Committee shall act pursuant to a vote of a majority of its members or, in the case of a Committee comprised of only two members, the unanimous consent of its members, whether present or not, or by the written consent of a majority of its members. Subject to the limitations prescribed by the Plan and the Board, the Committee may establish and follow such rules and regulations for the conduct of its business as it may determine to be advisable.
(c)    The Committee has delegated to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer the authority to grant Awards to Grantees, other than Grantees who are subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, and to determine the terms and conditions of such Awards, subject to the limitations of the Plan and such other limitations and guidelines as the Committee may deem appropriate. Such delegation of authority includes the authority to determine the type or types of Awards to be granted to the Grantee, the number of shares to be covered by each such Award, the expiration date of each such Award, the period during which an Option shall be exercisable which may be determined at or subsequent to grant, the restriction period applicable to Restricted Stock or RSUs, the performance criteria and performance period applicable to Performance Awards, the terms and conditions relating to the effect of a Grantee’s Termination Date on Options, SARs, Restricted Stock and RSUs, and the effect of a Change in Control on any Award awarded to a Grantee. The CEO may amend the terms of any Award theretofore granted to a Grantee, other than Grantees who are subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that no such amendment shall impair the rights of any Grantee without his or her consent.

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SECTION 4 -      STOCK
(a)    The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that shall be available for the grant of Awards under the Plan (the “Plan Share Limit”) is the lesser of (i) 10,000,000 shares of Common Stock, and (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock resulting from the product of 10,000,000 shares multiplied by the ratio at which common units of Workiva LLC were converted into Common Stock upon the conversion of Workiva LLC to the Company in accordance with the Plan of Conversion adopted by the board of managing directors of Workiva LLC. The Plan Share Limit is also the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the Plan through ISOs. Notwithstanding the foregoing limits, (x) no Grantee may be granted Awards in any one calendar year with respect to more than 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock, and (y) the maximum amount payable in cash to a covered employee (as defined in Code §162(m)(3) and applicable guidance issued thereunder) for any calendar year shall not exceed the fair market value (determined as of the date of vesting or payout, as applicable) of 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock. The limits stated in this Section 4(a) shall be subject to adjustment as described in the Plan.
(b)    Shares delivered under the Plan may be authorized but unissued shares or reacquired shares, and the Company may purchase shares required for this purpose, from time to time, if it deems such purchase to be advisable. If any Award expires, terminates for any reason, is cancelled, is forfeited or is settled in cash rather than Common Stock, the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which such Award expired, terminated, was cancelled, was forfeited or was settled in cash, shall continue to be available for future Awards granted under the Plan. If any Option is exercised by surrendering Common Stock to the Company or by withholding Common Stock as full or partial payment, or if tax withholding requirements are satisfied by surrendering Common Stock to the Company or withholding Common Stock, only the number of shares issued net of Common Stock withheld or surrendered shall be deemed delivered for purposes of determining the maximum number of shares available for grant under the Plan.
SECTION 5 -      GRANTING OF AWARDS
The Administrator may, on behalf of the Company, grant to Employees, Consultants and Non-Employee Directors such Awards as the Administrator determines are warranted, subject to the terms of the Plan. However, grants of ISOs and other Awards shall be separate and not in tandem, and Consultants and Non-Employee Directors shall not be eligible to receive ISOs under the Plan. More than one Award may be granted to an Employee, Consultant or Non-Employee Director under the Plan.

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SECTION 6 -      TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF OPTIONS
Option Award Agreements shall include expressly or by reference the following terms and conditions as well as such other provisions as the Administrator shall deem desirable that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan and, for ISOs, Code §422(b).
(a)      Number of Shares . The Award Agreement shall state the number of shares of Common Stock to which the Option pertains.
(b)      Exercise Price . The Award Agreement shall state the exercise price which shall be determined and fixed by the Administrator, but the exercise price shall not be less than the higher of 100% (110% in the case of an ISO granted to a more-than-ten-percent shareholder, as provided in subsection (j) below) of the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date the Option is granted, or the par value thereof.
(c)      Term . The term of each Option shall be determined by the Administrator; provided, however, that the term of each Option shall be not more than ten years (five years in the case of an ISO granted to more-than-ten-percent shareholder, as provided in subsection (j) below) from the date of grant of the Option. Each Option shall be subject to earlier termination as provided in subsections (f), (g), and (h) below and in Section 14.
(d)      Exercise . An Option shall be exercisable in such installments, upon fulfillment of such conditions (such as performance-based requirements), or on such dates as the Administrator may specify. The Administrator may accelerate the exercise date of an outstanding Option if the Administrator deems such acceleration to be desirable.
Any exercisable Option may be exercised at any time up to the expiration or termination of the Option. Exercisable Options may be exercised, in whole or in part and from time to time, by giving notice of exercise (in accordance with procedures established by the Committee) to the Company (at its principal office) or to the Company’s delegate, specifying the number of shares to be purchased and accompanied by payment in full of the aggregate exercise price for such shares (except that, in the case of an exercise arrangement approved by the Committee and described in paragraph (4) below, payment may be made as soon as practicable after the exercise). Only full shares shall be issued, and any fractional share which might otherwise be issuable upon exercise of an Option shall be forfeited.
The Administrator shall determine from the following alternatives the methods by which the exercise price may be paid:
(1)      in cash or its equivalent;
(2)      in shares of Common Stock previously acquired by the Grantee (and the exercise price so paid shall be equal to the Fair Market Value, as of the date of exercise, of the previously acquired shares);

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(3)      by decreasing the number of shares for which the Option is exercisable on the date of exercise (in an amount equal to the exercise price to be paid under this method, divided by the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of exercise) ("net share settlement");
(4)      by delivering a properly executed notice of exercise of the Option to the Company and a broker, with irrevocable instructions to the broker promptly to deliver to the Company the amount necessary to pay the exercise price of the Option; or
(5)      in any combination of the above forms of payment.
To the extent an Award Agreement does not include one or more alternatives; the Administrator hereby specifically reserves the right to allow the Grantee to pay the exercise price using such alternative. Unless otherwise provided in the Option, the exercise price of Common Stock acquired pursuant to an Option that is paid by delivery (or attestation) to the Company of other Common Stock acquired, directly or indirectly from the Company, shall be paid only by shares of Common Stock of the Company that have been held for more than six months (or such period of time as is necessary to avoid a charge to earnings for financial accounting purposes).
Notwithstanding the foregoing, during any period for which the Common Stock is publicly traded (i.e. the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or a national market system), any exercise by a director or officer that involves or may involve a direct extension of credit or arrangement of an extension of credit by the Company, directly or indirectly, in violation of 402(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 shall be prohibited with respect to any Award under this Plan.
(e)      ISO Annual Limit . The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the date the ISO is granted) of the Common Stock with respect to which ISOs are exercisable for the first time by an Employee during any calendar year (counting ISOs under this Plan and under any other stock option plan of the Company or a parent or subsidiary corporation of the Company (as defined in Code §424(e) and (f)) shall not exceed $100,000. If an Option intended as an ISO is granted to an Employee and the Option may not be treated in whole or in part as an ISO pursuant to the $100,000 limit, the Option shall be treated as an ISO to the extent it may be so treated under the limit and as an NQSO as to the remainder. For purposes of determining whether an ISO would cause the limitation to be exceeded, ISOs shall be taken into account in the order granted.
(f)      Termination of Service for a Reason Other Than Death or Disability . If a Grantee’s Termination of Service occurs prior to the expiration date fixed for his or her Option for any reason other than death or disability, such Option may be exercised by the Grantee at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration date specified in the Award Agreement, or (ii) 90 days after the date of such Termination of Service in the case of an ISO or such longer period of time as may be determined by the Administrator in the case of an NQSO (unless the Award Agreement provides or is amended to provide a different expiration date in the case of such a Termination); provided that, if the Termination of Service is by the Company for Cause, all outstanding Options (whether or not vested) shall immediately terminate and cease to be exercisable. Such Option may be exercised to the extent of the number of shares with respect to which the Grantee could have exercised it on

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the date of such Termination of Service, or to any greater extent permitted by the Administrator, and shall terminate on the date of such Termination of Service with respect to the remaining shares.
(g)      Disability . If a Grantee becomes disabled (within the meaning of Code §22(e)(3)) prior to the expiration date fixed for his or her Option, and the Grantee’s Termination of Service occurs as a consequence of such disability, such Option may be exercised by the Grantee at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration date specified in the Award Agreement, or (ii) one year after the date of such Termination of Service (unless the Award Agreement provides a different expiration date in the case of such a Termination). Such Option may be exercised to the extent of the number of shares with respect to which the Grantee could have exercised it on the date of such Termination of Service, or to any greater extent permitted by the Administrator, and shall terminate on the date of such Termination of Service with respect to the remaining shares. In the event of the Grantee’s legal disability, such Option may be exercised by the Grantee’s legal representative.
(h)      Death . If a Grantee’s Termination of Service occurs as a result of death prior to the expiration date fixed for his or her Option, or if the Grantee dies following his or her Termination of Service but prior to the expiration of the period determined under subsections (f) or (g) above (including any extension of such period provided in the Award Agreement), such Option may be exercised by the Grantee’s estate, personal representative, or beneficiary who acquired the right to exercise such Option by bequest or inheritance or by reason of the death of the Grantee. Such post-death exercise may occur at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration date specified in the Award Agreement, or (ii) one year after the date of the Grantee’s death (unless the Award Agreement provides a different expiration date in the case of death). Such Option may be exercised to the extent of the number of shares with respect to which the Grantee could have exercised it on the date of his or her death, or to any greater extent permitted by the Administrator, and shall terminate on the date of the Optionee’s death with respect to the remaining shares.
(i)      Quiet Period . Notwithstanding any provision of subsection (f), (g), or (h) to the contrary, if the last day on which a Grantee (or the Grantee’s legal representative, estate, personal representative or beneficiary) may exercise an Option under subsection (f), (g), or (h) falls within a Quiet Period (as defined below), the period during which such individual may exercise the Option shall end 90 days after the date such Quiet Period ends; provided, however, that this subsection (i) shall not extend the exercise period beyond the term of the Option (determined under subsection (c)) unless the Committee extends the period during which the Option may be exercised, and such period ends not more than 30 days after the exercise first would no longer violate applicable Federal, state, local or applicable foreign laws. “ Quiet Period ” means a period in which the Grantee is prohibited from selling Common Stock under the Company’s insider trading policy.
(j)      More-Than-Ten-Percent Shareholder . If, after applying the attribution rules of Code §424(d), the Grantee owns stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or of a parent or subsidiary corporation of the Company (as defined in Code §424(e) and (f)) immediately before an ISO is granted to him or her, the exercise price for the ISO shall be not less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of the optioned shares of Common Stock on the date the ISO is granted, and such ISO, by its terms, shall not be exercisable

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after the expiration of five years from the date the ISO is granted. The conditions set forth in this subsection shall not apply to NQSOs.
SECTION 7 -      SARS
(a)      Nature of SARs . A SAR entitles the Grantee to receive, with respect to each share of Common Stock as to which the SAR is exercised, the excess of the share’s Fair Market Value on the date of exercise over its Fair Market Value on the date the SAR was granted. Such excess shall be paid in cash, shares of Common Stock, or a combination thereof, as determined by the Administrator. SARs may be granted alone (a “Freestanding SAR”) or in combination with an Option (a “Tandem SAR”). Any Tandem SAR that relates to an ISO shall be granted at the same time as the ISO to which it relates.
(b)      Exercise of SARs . A SAR shall become exercisable in such installments, upon fulfillment of such conditions (such as performance-based requirements), or on such dates as the Administrator may specify in the Award Agreement. The Administrator may at any time accelerate the time at which all or any part of the SAR may be exercised. Any exercise of a SAR must be made by giving notice to the Company (or its delegate) in accordance with procedures established by the Administrator. Upon the exercise of a SAR, the number of shares of Common Stock for which any related Option shall be exercisable shall be reduced by the number of shares for which the SAR has been exercised. The number of shares of Common Stock for which a Tandem SAR shall be exercisable shall be reduced upon exercise of any related Option by the number of shares of Common Stock for which such Option has been exercised.
(c)      Exercise Price. The exercise price of a Freestanding SAR shall be determined by the Committee, but shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock on the Grant Date of such SAR. A Tandem SAR granted simultaneously with an ISO or simultaneously with or subsequent to the grant of an NQSO shall have the same exercise price as the related Option, shall be transferable only upon the same terms and conditions as the related Option, and shall be exercisable only to the same extent as the related Option; provided, however, that a SAR, by its terms, shall be exercisable only when the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock subject to the SAR and related Option exceeds the exercise price per share thereof, and no SAR may be granted in tandem with an Option unless the Committee determines that the requirements of Section 7(a) are satisfied.
(d)      Term . The term of each SAR shall be determined by the Administrator; provided, however, that the term of each SAR shall be not more than 10 years from the date of grant of the SAR. Each SAR shall be subject to earlier termination as provided in subsection (e) below and in Section 14.
(e)      Termination of Service . If a Grantee’s Termination of Service occurs prior to the expiration date fixed for his or her SAR, Section 6(f), (g), (h) and (i) shall be applied to determine the extent to which, and the period during which, the SAR may be exercised. For purposes of this Section 7(e), the term “SAR” shall replace the term “Option” in each place such term appears in Section 6(f), (g), (h) and (i).

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SECTION 8 -      RESTRICTED STOCK
(a)      General Requirements . Restricted Stock may be issued or transferred for consideration or for no additional consideration, as determined by the Administrator. At the time Restricted Stock is granted, the Administrator shall determine whether the Restricted Stock is Performance Stock (where the lapse of restrictions is based on Performance Goals), or Restricted Stock that is not Performance Stock (where the lapse of restrictions is based on times and/or conditions determined by the Committee).
(b)      Shareholder Rights . Each Grantee who receives Restricted Stock shall have all of the rights of a shareholder with respect to such shares, subject to the restrictions set forth in subsection (c), including the right to vote the shares and receive dividends and other distributions. Any shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company received by a Grantee with respect to a share of Restricted Stock, as a stock dividend, or in connection with a stock split or combination, share exchange or other recapitalization, shall have the same status and be subject to the same restrictions as such Restricted Stock. Any cash dividends with respect to a Grantee’s Restricted Stock shall be paid to the Grantee at the same time as such dividends are paid to other shareholders; provided, however, that cash dividends with respect to a share of Performance Stock shall not be paid unless and until the restrictions with respect to such share lapse as provided in Section 8(f)(3). Unless the Administrator determines otherwise, certificates evidencing shares of Restricted Stock will remain in the possession of the Company until such shares are free of all restrictions under the Plan and the Grantee has satisfied any federal, state and local tax withholding obligations applicable to such shares.
(c)      Restrictions . Except as otherwise specifically provided in the Plan, Restricted Stock may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, or otherwise encumbered or disposed of, and if the Grantee incurs a Termination of Service for any reason, must be offered to the Company for purchase for the amount of cash (or cash equivalents) paid for the shares of Common Stock, or forfeited to the Company if no cash (or cash equivalent) was so paid.
(d)      Lapse of Restrictions .
(1)      In General . Upon the lapse of all restrictions in accordance with this subsection (d) or Section 13, shares of Common Stock shall cease to be Restricted Stock for purposes of the Plan.
(2)      Restricted Stock Other Than Performance Stock . With respect to Restricted Stock that is not Performance Stock, the restrictions described in subsection (c) shall lapse at such time or times, and on such conditions (such as performance-based requirements), as the Administrator may specify in the Award Agreement. The Administrator may at any time accelerate the time at which the restrictions on all or any part of the shares of Restricted Stock (other than Performance Stock) will lapse.
(3)      Performance Stock . With respect to Performance Stock, the restrictions described in subsection (c) shall lapse at the end of the applicable performance period if and to the extent the Performance Goals (established in accordance with Section 2(s)) have been achieved for

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such period. The Committee shall certify the extent to which the Performance Goals are achieved and shall have the discretion to decrease (but not increase) the extent to which such restrictions lapse on account of such achievement. The restrictions described in subsection (c) shall also lapse (A) as provided in Section 13 or (B) if and to the extent determined by the Committee in the case of the Grantee's death or disability. If the Grantee's Termination of Service occurs for any reason prior to the end of the performance period, the Grantee shall forfeit all Performance Stock granted with respect to such performance period except (i) as provided in Section 13, (ii) as determined by the Committee in the case of the Grantee's death or disability, or (iii) the Committee may provide that restrictions lapse with respect to a pro-rata portion of the number of shares of Performance Stock for which the restrictions would have lapsed (based on actual performance) had the Grantee been employed on the last day of the performance period, under such circumstances as the Committee determines.
(e)      Notice of Tax Election . Any Grantee making an election under Code §83(b) for the immediate recognition of income attributable to the award of Restricted Stock must provide a copy thereof to the Company within 10 days of the filing of such election with the Internal Revenue Service.
SECTION 9 -      RSUs
(a)      Nature of RSUs . An RSU entitles the Grantee to receive, with respect to each RSU that vests in accordance with subsection (c) or Section 13, one share of Common Stock, cash equal to the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of vesting, or a combination thereof as determined by the Administrator and set forth in the Award Agreement. Any fractional RSU shall be payable in cash.
(b)      Grant of RSUs . At the time of grant, the Administrator shall determine (1) the number of RSUs subject to the Award, (2) whether the RSU is a PSU (where vesting is based on Performance Goals), or an RSU that is not a PSU (where vesting is based on times and/or conditions determined by the Administrator), and (3) when such RSUs shall vest in accordance with subsection (c). The Company shall establish a bookkeeping account in the Grantee’s name which reflects the number and type of RSUs standing to the credit of the Grantee. A Grantee shall have no voting rights with respect to RSUs granted under the Plan. The Committee may grant RSUs with a deferral feature, whereby settlement is deferred beyond the vesting date until the occurrence of a future payment date or event set forth in an Award Agreement.
(c)      Vesting .
(4)      RSUs Other Than PSUs . With respect to RSUs that are not PSUs, the Administrator shall determine when such RSUs shall vest and any conditions (such as continued employment or performance measures) that must be met in order for such RSUs to vest at the end of the applicable restriction period. The Administrator may at any time accelerate the time at which RSUs (other than PSUs) shall vest.
(5)      PSUs . PSUs shall vest at the end of the applicable performance period, if and to the extent the Performance Goals (established in accordance with Section 2(y)) have been

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achieved for such period. The Committee shall certify the extent to which the Performance Goals are achieved and shall the have the discretion to decrease (but not increase) the extent to which PSUs vest on account of such achievement. PSUs shall also vest (A) as provided in Section 13 or (B) if and to the extent determined by the Committee in the case of the Grantee's death or disability. If the Grantee's Termination of Service occurs for any reason prior to the end of the performance period, the Grantee shall forfeit all PSUs granted with respect to such performance period except (i) as provided in Section 13, (ii) as determined by the Committee in the case of the Grantee's death or disability, or (iii) the Committee may provide for vesting of a pro-rata portion of the PSUs that would have vested (based on actual performance) had the Grantee been employed on the last day of the performance period, under such circumstances as the Committee determines.
(6)      Payment . Except as otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, upon the vesting of an RSU in accordance with this subsection (c) or Section 13, payment in Common Stock or cash (as applicable), shall be made in the Short-Term Deferral Period; provided, however, that a Change in Control (as defined in Section 13) shall not accelerate the payment date of an RSU that is subject to Code §409A unless such Change in Control is also a “change in control event” as defined in regulations under Code §409A.
(d)      Dividend Equivalents . At the discretion of the Committee, each RSU may be credited with cash or stock dividends paid by the Company in respect of one share of Common Stock (“Dividend Equivalents”). Dividend Equivalents will be deemed re-invested in additional RSUs based on the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the applicable dividend payment date and rounded down to the nearest whole share.
SECTION 10 -      STOCK GRANTS
The Administrator may make a Stock Grant to an Employee, Non-Employee Director or Consultant. Such Stock Grant shall be fully vested on the date made.
SECTION 11 -      AWARD AGREEMENTS
Awards granted under the Plan (other than Stock Grants) shall be evidenced by Award Agreements in such form as the Administrator shall from time to time approve which need not be identical and shall include such provisions as the Administrator shall deem advisable that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, Code §409A and, for ISOs, Code §422(b), including, without limitation, terms providing for acceleration of the exercisability or vesting of Awards in the event of a Change in Control or conditions regarding the Grantee’s employment or service, as determined by the Administrator in accordance with the Plan. For example, an Award Agreement may require forfeiture or payment of gains to the Company in the event the Grantee’s intentional misconduct or fraud causes or partially causes the Company to restate all or a portion of its financial statements. Each Grantee shall enter into, and be bound by, an Award Agreement as soon as practicable after the grant of an Award (other than a Stock Grant).

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SECTION 12 -      ADJUSTMENT IN CASE OF CHANGES IN COMMON STOCK
The following shall be adjusted to reflect any stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, spin-off, distribution, recapitalization, extraordinary dividend, share combination or reclassification, or similar change in the capitalization of the Company:
(a)      The maximum number and type of shares under the limits set forth in Section 4; and
(b)      The number and type of shares issuable upon exercise, vesting or payment of outstanding Options, SARs and RSUs (as well as the exercise price per share under outstanding Options and the Fair Market Value of a share on the date an outstanding SAR was granted); provided, however, that (i) no such adjustment shall be made to an outstanding ISO if such adjustment would constitute a modification under Code §424(h), unless the Grantee consents to such adjustment, and (ii) no such adjustment shall be made to an outstanding Option or SAR if such adjustment would cause the Option or SAR to be subject to Code §409A. Such adjustments shall be made by the Committee to appropriately and equitably reflect any such change or transaction, so that the holder of an outstanding Option, SAR, or RSU is in the same economic position before and after the change or transaction. For purposes of this Section 12, shares underlying Restricted Stock Awards still subject to restriction under Section 8(c) shall be treated in the same manner as issued shares of Common Stock not subject to restriction.
SECTION 13 -      CHANGE IN CONTROL
(a)      Full Vesting . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan, each outstanding Award shall become fully vested and, for awards that may be exercised, exercisable, upon a Change in Control unless the Award Agreement evidencing the Award provides otherwise; provided, however, that this Section 13 shall not increase the extent to which an Award is vested or exercisable if the Grantee’s Termination of Service occurs prior to the Change in Control.
(b)      Definitions . A “Change in Control” shall mean:
(1)      Any person, entity or “group” (within the meaning of Section 13(d) or 14(d) of the Exchange Act or any comparable successor provisions) (other than (A) the Company, or (B) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any Trustee of or fiduciary with respect to any such plan when acting in such capacity), alone or together with its affiliates and associates, and other than in a merger or consolidation of the type referred to in subsection (2) below, has acquired or obtained the right to acquire the beneficial ownership of 50% or more of the shares then outstanding;
(2)      The consummation of a merger, consolidation or similar transaction involving the Company and, immediately after the consummation of such merger, consolidation or similar transaction, the shareholders of the Company immediately prior to such consummation do not beneficially own (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act or comparable successor rules), directly or indirectly, either (A) outstanding voting securities representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the surviving entity in such merger, consolidation or similar transaction, or (B) outstanding voting securities representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the parent of the surviving entity in such merger, consolidation or similar transaction;

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(3)      The direct or indirect sale, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or a series of transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any person that is not a subsidiary of the Company;
(4)      A majority of the members of the Board are replaced during any 12-month period by Board members whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members before the date of appointment or election.
An underwritten public offering under the Securities Act of the Common Stock, where such stock is listed or quoted on a national securities exchange, shall not be treated as a Change in Control under the Plan.

SECTION 14 -      CERTAIN CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS
In the event of a corporate transaction (such as, for example, a merger, consolidation, acquisition of property or stock, separation, reorganization, or liquidation), the surviving or successor corporation shall assume each outstanding Award or substitute a new award of the same type for each outstanding Award; provided, however, that, in the event of a proposed corporate transaction, the Committee may terminate all or a portion of the outstanding Awards, effective upon the closing of the corporate transaction, if it determines that such termination is in the best interests of the Company. If the Committee so decides to terminate outstanding Options and SARs, the Committee shall give each Grantee holding an Option or SAR to be terminated not fewer than seven days’ notice prior to any such termination, and any Option or SAR which is to be so terminated may be exercised (if and only to the extent that it is then exercisable under the terms of the Award Agreement and Section 13) up to and including the date immediately preceding such termination at any time prior to such termination. Further, as provided in Sections 6(d), 7(b), 8(d)(2) and 9(c)(1), the Administrator may, in whole or in part, accelerate the date on which any or all Awards become exercisable or vested (to the extent such Award is not fully exercisable or vested pursuant to the Award Agreement or Section 13).
The Committee also may, in its discretion, change the terms of any outstanding Award to reflect any such corporate transaction, provided that (i) in the case of ISOs, such change would not constitute a “modification” under Code §424(h), unless the Grantee consents to the change, and (ii) no such adjustment shall be made to an outstanding Option or SAR if such adjustment would cause the Option or SAR to be subject to Code §409A.
SECTION 15 -      AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN AND OUTSTANDING AWARDS
The Board, pursuant to resolution, may amend or suspend the Plan, and, except as provided below, the Administrator may amend an outstanding Award in any respect whatsoever and at any time; provided, however, that the following amendments shall require the approval of shareholders, as applicable:


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(a)      a change in the class of employees eligible to participate in the Plan with respect to ISOs;
(b)      except as permitted under Section 12, an increase in the maximum number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which ISOs may be granted under the Plan;
(c)      a modification of the material terms of the “performance goal,” within the meaning of Treas. Reg. § 1.162-27(e)(4)(vi) or any successor thereto (to the extent compliance with Code §162(m) is desired); and
(d)      any amendment for which shareholder approval is required under the rules of the exchange or market on which the Common Stock is listed or traded.
Except as permitted under Section 13 or Section 14, the terms of outstanding Awards may not be amended to reduce the exercise price of outstanding Options or SARs or cancel outstanding Options or SARs in exchange for cash, other Awards or Options or SARs with an exercise price that is less than the exercise price of the original Options or SARs without the approval of shareholders. Except as provided in Section 14 or as deemed necessary or advisable to avoid the additional tax under Code §409A, no amendment or suspension of an outstanding Award shall (i) adversely affect the rights of the Grantee or cause the modification (within the meaning of Code §424(h)) of an ISO, without the consent of the Grantee affected thereby, or (ii) cause the Option or SAR to be subject to Code §409A.
SECTION 16 -      TERMINATION OF PLAN; CESSATION OF ISO GRANTS
The Board, pursuant to resolution, may terminate the Plan at any time and for any reason. No ISOs shall be granted hereunder after the 10-year anniversary of the Effective Date. Nothing contained in this Section, however, shall terminate or affect the continued existence of rights created under Awards granted hereunder which are outstanding on the date the Plan is terminated and which by their terms extend beyond such date.
SECTION 17 -      EFFECTIVE DATE; SHAREHOLDER APPROVAL
The Plan shall be effective upon the conversion described in Section 4(a) above (the “Effective Date”); provided, however, that if the Plan is not approved by the stockholders of the Company within 12 months before or after the date the Effective Date, the Plan and all Awards granted hereunder shall be null and void and no additional Awards shall be granted hereunder.
SECTION 18 -      MISCELLANEOUS
(a)      Rights . Neither the adoption of the Plan nor any action of the Board or the Administrator shall be deemed to give any individual any right to be granted an Award, or any other right hereunder, unless and until the Administrator shall have granted such individual an Award, and then his or her rights shall be only such as are provided in the Award Agreement. Notwithstanding any provisions of the Plan or the Award Agreement (i) with an Employee, the Company and any Related Corporation shall have the right, in its discretion but subject to any employment contract entered into with the Employee, to retire the Employee at any time pursuant to its retirement rules

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or otherwise to terminate his or her employment at any time for any reason whatsoever, or for no reason and (ii) to terminate the service of any director pursuant to the by-laws of the Company, and any applicable provisions of corporate law in which the Company is incorporated, as the case may be. A Grantee shall have no rights as a shareholder with respect to any shares covered by his or her Award until the issuance of a stock certificate to (or book entry for) him or her for such shares, except as otherwise provided under Section 8(b) (regarding Restricted Stock).
(b)      Indemnification of Board and Committee . Without limiting any other rights of indemnification which they may have from the Company and any affiliate of the Company, the Administrator, the members of the Board and the members of the Committee shall be indemnified by the Company against all costs and expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with any claim, action, suit, or proceeding to which they or any of them may be a party by reason of any action taken or failure to act under, or in connection with, the Plan, or any Award granted hereunder, and against all amounts paid by them in settlement thereof (provided such settlement is approved by legal counsel selected by the Company) or paid by them in satisfaction of a judgment in any such action, suit, or proceeding, except a judgment based upon a finding of willful misconduct or recklessness on their part. Upon the making or institution of any such claim, action, suit, or proceeding, the Administrator or the Board or Committee member shall notify the Company in writing, giving the Company an opportunity, at its own expense, to handle and defend the same before the Administrator, or the Board or Committee member undertakes to handle it on his or her own behalf. The provisions of this Section shall not give the Administrator or the members of the Board or the Committee greater rights than they would have under the Company’s by-laws or Delaware law.
(c)      Transferability; Registration . No ISO, Restricted Stock or RSU shall be assignable or transferable by the Grantee other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. During the lifetime of the Grantee, an ISO shall be exercisable only by the Grantee or, in the event of the Grantee’s legal disability, by the Grantee’s guardian or legal representative. Such limits on assignment, transfer and exercise shall also apply to NQSOs and SARs except to the extent the Grantee’s Award Agreement permits transfers for no consideration to one or more family members (as such term is defined in the instructions to Form S-8 Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933). If the Grantee so requests at the time of exercise of an Option or an SAR, or at the time of grant of Restricted Stock or vesting of an RSU, the certificate(s) shall be registered in the name of the Grantee and the Grantee’s spouse jointly, with right of survivorship. Except as provided in this subsection (c), no benefit under the Plan shall be subject in any manner to anticipation, alienation, sale, transfer, assignment, pledge or encumbrance and any attempt to do so shall be void.
(d)      Deferrals . The Committee may permit or require Grantees to defer receipt of any Common Stock issuable upon the lapse of the restriction period applicable to Restricted Stock or RSUs, subject to such rules and procedures as it may establish, which may include provisions for the payment or crediting of interest, or dividend equivalents, including converting such credits into deferred Common Stock equivalents. In no event, however, shall such deferrals be permitted unless the Grantee’s Award Agreement specifically permits deferrals under this subsection.

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(e)      Listing and Registration of Shares . Each Award shall be subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Committee shall determine, in its discretion, that the listing, registration, or qualification of the shares of Common Stock covered thereby upon any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval of any governmental regulatory body, is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the granting of such Award or the purchase of shares of Common Stock thereunder, or that action by the Company, its shareholders, or the Grantee should be taken in order to obtain an exemption from any such requirement or to continue any such listing, registration, or qualification, no such Award may be exercised, in whole or in part, and no Restricted Stock, RSU or Stock Grant may be awarded, unless and until such listing, registration, qualification, consent, approval, or action shall have been effected, obtained, or taken under conditions acceptable to the Committee. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantee or his or her legal representative or beneficiary may also be required to give satisfactory assurance that such person is an eligible purchaser under applicable securities laws, and that the shares purchased or granted pursuant to the Award shall be for investment purposes and not with a view to distribution; certificates representing such shares may be legended accordingly.
(f)      Withholding and Use of Shares to Satisfy Tax Obligations . The obligation of the Company to deliver shares of Common Stock or cash upon the exercise of any Award, upon the vesting of Restricted Stock or RSU, or upon the making of a Stock Grant shall be subject to applicable federal, state, and local tax withholding requirements. If the exercise of any Award, the vesting of Restricted Stock or RSU, or making of a Stock Grant is subject to the withholding requirements of applicable federal, state or local tax law, the Administrator may permit or require the Grantee to satisfy the federal, state and/or local withholding tax, in whole or in part, by electing to have the Company withhold shares of Common Stock (or by returning previously acquired shares of Common Stock to the Company); provided, however, that the Company may limit the number of shares withheld to satisfy the tax withholding requirements with respect to any Award to the extent necessary to avoid adverse accounting consequences. shares of Common Stock shall be valued, for purposes of this subsection, at their Fair Market Value (determined as of the date(s) such shares are withheld to satisfy the applicable withholding requirements). The Committee shall adopt such withholding rules as it deems necessary to carry out the provisions of this subsection.
(g)      Acquisitions . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan, Awards may be granted hereunder in substitution for awards held by employees, consultants or directors of other entities who are about to, or have, become Employees, Consultants or Non-Employee Directors as a result of a merger, consolidation, acquisition of assets or similar transaction by the Company or Related Corporation. The terms of the substitute Awards so granted may vary from the terms set forth in this Plan to such extent the Committee may deem appropriate to conform, in whole or in part, to the provisions of the awards in substitution for which they are granted; provided, however, that no substitute Award shall be granted which will subject the Award to Code §409A (if it previously was not subject to Code §409A).
(h)      Application of Funds . Any cash received in payment for shares pursuant to an Award shall be added to the general funds of the Company. Any Common Stock received in payment for shares shall become treasury stock.

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(i)      No Obligation to Exercise Award . The granting of an Award shall impose no obligation upon a Grantee to exercise such Award.
(j)      Governing Law . The Plan shall be governed by the applicable Code provisions to the maximum extent possible. Otherwise, the laws of Delaware (without reference to principles of conflicts of laws) shall govern the operation of, and the rights of Grantees under, the Plan, and Awards granted thereunder.
(k)      Unfunded Plan . The Plan, insofar as it provides for Awards, shall be unfunded, and the Company shall not be required to segregate any assets that may at any time be represented by Awards under the Plan. Any liability of the Company to any person with respect to any Award under this Plan shall be based solely upon any contractual obligations that may be created pursuant to the Plan, and shall be a general unsecured obligation of the Company. No such obligation of the Company shall be deemed to be secured by any pledge of, or other encumbrance on, any property of the Company.
(l)      Successors and Heirs . The Plan, Award Agreements and any properly executed election or designation under the Plan shall be binding upon (i) the Company and its successors (including any corporate or other business entity which shall, whether by merger, consolidation, purchase or otherwise, acquire all or substantially all or the business and assets of the Company), and (ii) the Grantee and the Grantee’s heirs, legal representatives and beneficiaries.

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WORKIVA INC.
2014 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
NOTICE OF NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION GRANT
(EXECUTIVE EMPLOYEE)

                

                

Grant Number         

Pursuant to the Workiva Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”), you have been granted a nonqualified stock option (the “Option”) to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock of Workiva Inc. (the “Company”), as follows:
Grant Date                         

Total Number of Shares Granted             

Exercise Price per Share                 

Term/Expiration Date:
10 Years/         

Vesting Schedule:
Subject to the Plan and the Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement, this Option may be exercised, in whole or in part, in accordance with the following vesting schedule, provided you have not experienced a Termination of Service prior to any vesting date.
    
Vesting Date(s)
Number or Percentage of Shares that Vest
 
 
 
 

By your signature and the signature of the Company’s representative below, you and the Company agree that this Option is granted under and governed by the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement, all of which are attached and made a part of this document.

OPTIONEE:                        WORKIVA INC.

By:                         

Name:                         
Print Name
Title:                         
Execution Date: ____________ __, 20__

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WORKIVA INC.
2014 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
NONQUALIFED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
This NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT (the “Option Agreement”), dated as of the Grant Date set forth on the Notice of Nonqualified Stock Option Grant to which this Option Agreement is attached (the “Notice of Grant”), is between Workiva Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the optionee named in the Notice of Grant (the “Optionee”).
WHEREAS, the Company desires to give the Optionee the opportunity to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company (“Common Stock”) in accordance with the terms of the Plan, a copy of which is attached hereto;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby, agree as follows:
1. Grant of Option . The Company hereby grants to the Optionee the right and option (the “Option”) to purchase all or any part of an aggregate of that number of shares set forth on the Notice of Grant. The Option is in all respects limited and conditioned as hereinafter provided, and is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the Plan now in effect and as it may be amended from time to time (but only to the extent that such amendments apply to outstanding options). Such terms and conditions are incorporated herein by reference, made a part hereof, and shall control in the event of any conflict with any other terms of this Option Agreement. Capitalized terms not defined in this Option Agreement shall have the meaning given to such terms in the Plan, as amended from time to time. The Option granted hereunder is intended to be a nonqualified stock option meeting the requirements of the Plan, and not an incentive stock option meeting the requirements of section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
2. Exercise Price . The exercise price of each share of Common Stock covered by this Option shall be the Exercise Price per Share set forth on the Notice of Grant. It is the determination of the Administrator that on the Grant Date the Exercise Price per Share was not less than the greater of (i) 100% of the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock, or (ii) the par value of a share of Common Stock.
3. Term . Unless earlier terminated pursuant to any provision of the Plan or of this Option Agreement, this Option shall expire on the Expiration Date set forth on the Notice of Grant, which date is not more than 10 years from the Grant Date. This Option shall not be exercisable on or after the Expiration Date.
4. Vesting of Option . The Optionee shall have the right to purchase from the Company such number of shares and on such dates as are set forth on the Notice of Grant, provided the Optionee has not experienced a Termination of Service prior to the applicable vesting date. If the Optionee’s Termination of Service occurs for Good Reason (as defined in the Optionee’s Employment Agreement) or occurs by action of the Company without Cause (as defined in the Optionee’s Employment Agreement), the Option shall fully vest on the date of such Termination

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of Service. The Administrator may accelerate any exercise date of the Option, in its discretion, if it deems such acceleration to be in the best interests of the Company. Once the Option becomes exercisable, it will remain exercisable until it is exercised or until it terminates.
5. Method of Exercising Option . Subject to the terms and conditions of this Option Agreement and the Plan, the Option may be exercised by written or electronic notice to the Company at its principal office, which is presently located at 2900 University Boulevard, Ames, Iowa 50010, Attention: Option Plan Administrator (the form of such notice is attached hereto as Exhibit A ). The notice shall state the election to exercise the Option and the number of whole shares with respect to which it is being exercised; shall be signed by the person or persons exercising the Option; shall, unless the Company otherwise notifies the Optionee, be accompanied by the investment certificate referred to in Paragraph 6; and shall be accompanied by payment of the full exercise price of such shares. Only whole shares will be issued and any fractional shares which might otherwise be issuable upon exercise of an Option shall be forfeited.
The exercise price shall be paid to the Company –
(a) in cash or its equivalent (such as a check); or
(b) through the delivery of shares of Common Stock previously acquired by the Optionee, with a Fair Market Value on the date of exercise equal to the Exercise Price (or portion thereof) due for the number of shares being acquired; or
(c) by decreasing the number of shares for which the Option is exercisable on the date of exercise (in an amount equal to the Exercise Price to be paid, divided by the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of exercise ("net settlement"));
(d) by delivering a properly executed notice of exercise of the Option to the Company and a broker, with irrevocable instructions to the broker promptly to deliver to the Company the amount necessary to pay the exercise price of the Option; or
(e) in any combination of the above.
In the event the exercise price is paid, in whole or in part, with shares of Common Stock, the portion of the exercise price so paid shall be equal to the Fair Market Value of the shares delivered or withheld on the date of exercise.
Upon receipt of notice of exercise and payment, the Company shall deliver a certificate or certificates representing the shares with respect to which the Option is so exercised. The Optionee shall obtain the rights of a shareholder upon receipt of a certificate(s) representing such shares. Until such time, the Optionee shall not be, nor have any of the rights or privileges of, a shareholder of the Company in respect of any shares issuable upon the exercise of any part of the Option.
Such certificate(s) shall be registered in the name of the person so exercising the Option (or, if the Option is exercised by the Optionee and if the Optionee so requests in the notice exercising the Option, shall be registered in the name of the Optionee and the Optionee’s spouse, jointly, with

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right of survivorship), and shall be delivered as provided above to, or upon the written order of, the person exercising the Option. In the event the Option is exercised by any person after the death or disability of the Optionee, the notice shall be accompanied by appropriate proof of the right of such person to exercise the Option. All shares that are purchased upon exercise of the Option as provided herein shall be fully paid and non-assessable.
6. Shares to be Purchased for Investment . Unless the Company has theretofore notified the Optionee that a registration statement covering the shares to be acquired upon the exercise of the Option has become effective under the Securities Act, and the Company has not thereafter notified the Optionee that such registration statement is no longer effective, it shall be a condition to any exercise of this Option that the shares acquired upon such exercise be acquired for investment and not with a view to distribution, and the person effecting such exercise shall submit to the Company a certificate of such investment intent, together with such other evidence supporting the same as the Company may request. The Company shall be entitled to restrict the transferability of the shares issued upon any such exercise to the extent necessary to avoid a risk of violation of the Securities Act (or of any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder), or of any state laws or regulations. Such restrictions may, in the discretion of the Company, be noted or set forth in full on the share certificates.
7. Non-Transferability of Option . Notwithstanding anything in Section 18(c) of the Plan to the contrary, (i) this Option is not assignable or transferable, in whole or in part, by the Optionee other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and (ii) during the lifetime of the Optionee, the Option shall be exercisable only by the Optionee or, in the event of his or her disability, by his or her guardian or legal representative.
8. Termination of Service . If the Optionee experiences a Termination of Service for any reason (other than death or disability) prior to the Expiration Date, this Option may be exercised, to the extent of the number of shares with respect to which the Optionee could have exercised it on the date of such Termination of Service, or to any greater extent permitted by the Administrator in its discretion, by the Optionee at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the Expiration Date, or (ii) three months after such Termination of Service if such termination was not for Cause. In the event of the Optionee’s Termination of Service for Cause, this Option shall immediately terminate and cease to be exercisable. Shares subject to the unvested portion of the Option shall be forfeited upon the Optionee’s Termination of Service, except to the extent the Administrator elects to vest such portion.
9. Disability . If the Optionee becomes disabled (within the meaning of Code Section 22(e)(3)) and, prior to the Expiration Date, the Optionee experiences a Termination of Service as a consequence of such disability, this Option may be exercised, to the extent of the number of shares with respect to which the Optionee could have exercised it on the date of such Termination of Service, or to any greater extent permitted by the Administrator in its discretion, by the Optionee or by the Optionee’s legal representative at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the Expiration Date, or (ii) one year after such Termination of Service.
10. Death . If the Optionee dies during his or her service with the Company or a Related Corporation and prior to the Expiration Date, or if the Optionee experiences a Termination of Service and the Optionee dies following his or her Termination of Service but prior to the earliest of (i) the

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Expiration Date, (ii) the expiration of the period determined under Paragraph 9, or (iii) three months following the Optionee’s Termination of Service under Paragraph 8, this Option may be exercised, to the extent of the number of shares with respect to which the Optionee could have exercised it on the date of his or her death, or to any greater extent permitted by the Administrator in its discretion, by the Optionee’s estate, personal representative, or beneficiary who acquired the right to exercise this Option by bequest or inheritance or by reason of the Optionee’s death, at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the Expiration Date, or (ii) one year after the date of the Optionee’s death.
11. Taxation Upon Exercise of Option; Withholding . The Optionee understands that, because this Option is a nonqualified stock option, he or she will recognize income for federal income tax purposes at the time the Option is exercised in an amount for each Share equal to the excess of the then Fair Market Value of a share over the Exercise Price per share. The obligation of the Company to deliver shares upon the exercise of this Option shall be subject to applicable federal, state and local tax withholding requirements. If the exercise of the Option is subject to the withholding requirements of applicable federal, state or local tax law, the Optionee, subject to the provisions of the Plan and such additional withholding rules (the “Withholding Rules”) as may be adopted by the Administrator, may satisfy the withholding tax, in whole or in part, by electing to have the Company withhold (or by returning to the Company) shares of Common Stock, which shares shall be valued, for this purpose, at their Fair Market Value on the date the amount attributable to the exercise of the Option is includible in income by the Optionee. Such election must be made in compliance with the Withholding Rules, and the Company may not withhold shares in excess of the number necessary to satisfy the minimum federal, state and local income tax and employment tax withholding requirements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may limit the number of shares withheld to the extent necessary to avoid adverse accounting consequences.
12. Lock-Up Agreement . The Optionee agrees, in connection with the first registration with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of the public sale of the Company’s Common Stock, not to sell, make any short sale of, loan, grant any option for the purchase of, or otherwise dispose of any securities of the Company (other than those included in the registration) without the prior written consent of the Company or such underwriters, as the case may be, for such period of time (not to exceed 180 days) from the effective date of such registration as the Company or the underwriters, as the case may be, shall specify. Each such recipient agrees that the Company may instruct its transfer agent to place stop-transfer notations in its records to enforce the provisions of this paragraph. The Optionee also agrees to execute a form of agreement reflecting the foregoing restrictions as requested by the underwriters managing such offering.
13. Amendment . This Option Agreement may be amended at any time and from time to time by the Administrator, provided that the rights or obligations of the Optionee are not affected adversely by such amendment, unless the consent of the Optionee is obtained or such amendment is otherwise permitted under the terms of the Plan.
14. Clawback Provision . Notwithstanding any other provisions in this Option Agreement to the contrary, any compensation paid or payable to the Optionee pursuant to exercise of this Option which is subject to recovery under any law, government regulation or stock exchange

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listing requirement, will be subject to such deductions and clawback as may be required to be made pursuant to such law, government regulation or stock exchange listing requirement (or any policy adopted by the Company pursuant to any such law, government regulation or stock exchange listing requirement).
15. No Right to Continued Service . Nothing in the Plan or this Option Agreement shall confer upon the Optionee any right to continue in the service of the Company or any Related Corporation or shall interfere with or restrict in any way the rights of the Company and any Related Corporation, which rights are hereby expressly reserved, to discharge or terminate the service of the Optionee at any time for any reason whatsoever.
16. Entire Agreement . This Option Agreement, together with the Plan, sets forth all of the terms and conditions between the parties with respect to the Option.
17. Successors and Assigns . The Company may assign any of its rights under this Option Agreement. This Option Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company. Subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth herein, this Agreement will be binding upon the Optionee and the Optionee's beneficiaries, executors, administrators and the person(s) to whom the Option may be transferred by will or the laws of descent or distribution.
18. Governing Law . This Option Agreement shall be governed by the applicable Code provisions to the maximum extent possible. Otherwise, the laws of the State of Delaware (without regard to principles of conflicts of laws) shall govern the operation of, and the rights of the Optionee under, the Plan and this Option Agreement.
19. Invalid or Unenforceable Provisions . The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Option Agreement shall not affect any other provision of this Option Agreement, and this Agreement shall be construed in all respects as if the invalid or unenforceable provisions were omitted.
20. Counterparts . The Notice of Grant to which this Option Agreement is attached may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. Counterpart signature pages to this Option Agreement transmitted by facsimile transmission, by electronic mail in portable document format (.pdf), or by any other electronic means intended to preserve the original graphic and pictorial appearance of a document, will have the same effect as physical delivery of the paper document bearing an original signature.
* * * * *


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EXHIBIT A
WORKIVA INC. 2014 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
Notice of Exercise of Nonqualified Stock Option
I hereby exercise the nonqualified stock option granted to me pursuant to the Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement dated as of ____________ __, 20__, by Workiva Inc. (the “Company”), with respect to the following number of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (“Shares”), par value $_____ per Share, covered by said option:
Number of Shares to be purchased:            _______
Purchase price per Share:                $_______
Total purchase price:                    $_______
A.    Enclosed is cash or my check in the amount of $________ in full/partial [circle one] payment for such Shares; and/or
B.    Enclosed is/are Share(s) with a total fair market value of $ _______ on the date hereof in full/partial [circle one] payment for such Shares; and/or
C.    Please withhold ______ Shares with a total fair market value of $______ on the date hereof in full/partial [circle one] payment for such Shares (a "net share settlement" exercise); and/or
D.    I have provided notice to _____________ [insert name of broker] , a broker, who will render full/partial [circle one] payment for such shares. [Optionee should attach to the notice of exercise provided to such broker a copy of this Notice of Exercise of Nonqualified Stock Option and irrevocable instructions to pay to the Company the full/partial (as elected above) exercise price.]
Please have the certificate or certificates representing the purchased Shares registered in the following name or names * :                                                                   ; and sent to ___________________________________________________.
If the condition in Paragraph 6 (“Shares to be Purchased for Investment”) of the Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement related to the Shares purchased hereby is applicable, the undersigned hereby certifies that the Shares purchased hereby are being acquired for investment and not with a view to the distribution of such shares.
DATED: ______________, 20__                ______________________
Optionee’s Signature




WORKIVA INC.
2014 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
NOTICE OF RESTRICTED STOCK GRANT
(EXECUTIVE EMPLOYEE)

                

                

Grant Number         

Pursuant to the Workiva Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”), you have been granted shares of Class A Common Stock of Workiva Inc. (the “Company”), subject to vesting restrictions (“Restricted Stock”) as follows:
Grant Date                         

Total Number of Shares Granted             

Vesting Schedule:
Subject to the Plan and the Restricted Stock Agreement, the Restricted Stock subject to this grant shall vest in accordance with the following schedule, provided you have not experienced a Termination of Service prior to any vesting date:

Vesting Date(s)
Number or Percentage of Shares that Vest
 
 
 
 

By your signature and the signature of the Company’s representative below, you and the Company agree that this award is governed by the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Restricted Stock Agreement, all of which are attached and made a part of this document. By your signature below, you also acknowledge that there may be tax consequences to you upon the grant or the vesting of the Restricted Stock or the disposition of the underlying shares, and that you have been advised to consult a tax advisor prior to acceptance of such grant, vesting or disposition.

GRANTEE:                        WORKIVA INC.

By:                         

Name:                         
Print Name
Title:                         
Execution Date: ____________ __, 20__

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WORKIVA INC.
2014 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
RESTRICTED STOCK AGREEMENT
(EXECUTIVE EMPLOYEE)
This RESTRICTED STOCK AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) dated as of the Grant Date set forth on the Notice of Restricted Stock Grant to which this Agreement is attached (the “Notice of Grant”) is between Workiva Inc. (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, and the grantee named in the Notice of Grant (the “Grantee”).
WHEREAS, the Company desires to award the Grantee shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock subject to vesting restrictions (“Restricted Stock”) in accordance with the terms of the Plan, a copy of which is attached hereto;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby, agree as follows:
1. Grant of Restricted Stock . The Company hereby grants to the Grantee that number of shares of Restricted Stock set forth on the Notice of Grant, subject to the terms of the Plan and this Agreement. The Grantee must accept the Restricted Stock award within 90 days after notification that the award is available for acceptance and in accordance with the instructions provided by the Company. The award automatically will be rescinded upon action of the Company, in its discretion, if the award is not accepted within 90 days after notification is sent to the Grantee indicating availability for acceptance.
2.      Vesting; Forfeiture . Provided the Grantee has not incurred a Termination of Service prior to the applicable vesting date, except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement and the Plan, the Restricted Stock awarded under this Agreement shall vest on the earliest to occur of the following: (a) the vesting date(s) set forth on the Notice of Grant; (b) the Grantee’s death; (c) a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan); (d) the Administrator, in its sole discretion, determines that the Grantee has incurred a disability (within the meaning of Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”)); (e) the Grantee’s Termination of Service for Good Reason (as defined in the Grantee’s Employment Agreement); or (f) the Grantee’s Termination of Service by action of the Company without Cause (as defined in the Grantee’s Employment Agreement). In the event of the Grantee’s Termination of Service for Cause, all unvested Restricted Stock awarded under this Agreement shall be immediately forfeited.
The period over which the Restricted Stock vests is referred to as the “Restriction Period.” Until such time as the shares of Restricted Stock have vested, the Restricted Stock is not transferable other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, or as otherwise permitted by the Plan, and the Restricted Stock shall not be subject to any levy of any attachment, execution or similar process upon the rights or interest. In the event of any attempt by the Grantee to alienate, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of any Restricted Stock or any right hereunder, except as provided for in this Agreement, the Company may terminate any unvested portion of the award by notice to the Grantee and the award and all rights hereunder shall thereupon become null and void.






3.      Ownership of Shares; Dividends . Except for the above restrictions and the provisions relating to dividends paid during the Restriction Period as described in the Plan, the Grantee will be treated as the record owner of the shares of Restricted Stock and shall have all of the rights of a shareholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to vote such shares and to receive all dividends or other distributions paid with respect to such shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company received by the Grantee as a stock dividend, or in connection with a stock split or combination, share exchange, or other recapitalization which are derived from shares of Restricted Stock shall be subject to the same restrictions, and shall bear the same legend (or book-entry record) as the shares of Restricted Stock and, if certificated, shall be held under the same terms and conditions as the Restricted Stock as described in Section 4 below.
4.      Restricted Stock Certificates . The stock certificate(s) representing the Restricted Stock shall be issued or held in book entry form promptly following the acceptance of this Agreement. If a stock certificate is issued, it shall be delivered to the Secretary of the Company or such other custodian as may be designated by the Company, to be held until the end of the Restriction Period or until the Restricted Stock is forfeited. The certificates representing shares of Restricted Stock granted pursuant to this Agreement shall be registered in the Grantee’s name (or, if the Grantee so requests, in the name of the Grantee and the Grantee’s spouse, jointly with right of survivorship), and shall bear a legend in substantially the form set forth below:
“These shares have been issued pursuant to the Workiva Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“Plan”) and are subject to forfeiture to Workiva Inc. in accordance with the terms of the Plan and an Agreement between Workiva Inc. and the person in whose name the certificate is registered. These shares may not be sold, pledged, exchanged, transferred, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of except in accordance with the terms of the Plan and said Agreement.”
5.      Section 83(b) Election . The Grantee acknowledges that the Grantee may file an election pursuant to Code Section 83(b) to be taxed currently on the fair market value of the shares of Restricted Stock (less any purchase price paid for the shares), provided that such election is filed by the Grantee with the Internal Revenue Service no later than thirty (30) days after the grant of such Restricted Stock. The Grantee will seek the advice of his or her own tax advisors as to the advisability of making a Section 83(b) election, the potential consequences of making such an election, the requirements for making such an election, and the other tax consequences of the Restricted Stock award under federal, state, and any other applicable laws. The Company and its affiliates and employees and agents have not, and are not, providing tax advice to the Grantee.
6.      Delivery of Stock and Documents . In the event any shares of Restricted Stock are forfeited to the Company pursuant to the Plan or this Agreement, the Grantee shall, to the extent not already deposited with the Company or its designee, deliver to the Company or its designee the following: the certificate or certificates representing the Restricted Stock (if certificated) duly endorsed for transfer and bearing whatever documentary stamps, if any, are necessary, and such assignments, certificates of authority, tax releases, consents to transfer, instruments, and evidences of title of the Grantee and of the Grantee’s compliance with this Agreement as may be reasonably required by the Company or by its counsel.
7.      Withholding . The obligation to deliver shares of Common Stock upon the vesting of Restricted Stock awarded under this Agreement shall be subject to applicable federal, state and local

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tax withholding requirements. If the Grantee has or will make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code, the obligation to register certificate(s) (or to make book-entry record) in the Grantee’s name shall be subject to applicable federal, state and local tax withholding requirements. The Grantee, subject to such withholding rules as may be adopted by the Administrator, may elect to have Common Stock withheld to satisfy the minimum federal, state and local tax withholding requirements.
8.      No Right to Continued Service . Nothing in the Plan or this Agreement shall confer upon the Grantee any right to continue in the service of the Company or any Related Corporation or shall interfere with or restrict in any way the rights of the Company and any Related Corporation, which rights are hereby expressly reserved, to discharge or terminate the service of the Grantee at any time and for any reason whatsoever.
9.      Incorporation of Plan by Reference . The terms and conditions of the Plan are incorporated by reference herein. To the extent that any conflict may exist between any term or provision of this Agreement and any term or provision of the Plan, the term or provision of the Plan shall control. Capitalized terms not defined in this Agreement shall have the meaning given such terms in the Plan.
10.      Successors and Assigns . The Company may assign any of its rights under this Agreement. This Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company. Subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth herein, this Agreement will be binding upon the Grantee and the Grantee's beneficiaries, executors, administrators and the person(s) to whom the Restricted Stock may be transferred by will or the laws of descent or distribution.
11.      Compliance with Law . The issuance and transfer of shares of Common Stock shall be subject to compliance by the Company and the Grantee with the applicable requirements of federal and state securities laws and with the applicable requirements of any stock exchange on which the Company’s shares of Common Stock may be listed. No shares of Common Stock shall be issued or transferred unless and until any then applicable requirements of state and federal laws and regulatory agencies have been fully complied with to the satisfaction of the Company and its counsel.
12.      Clawback Provision . Notwithstanding any other provisions in this Agreement to the contrary, any compensation paid or payable to the Grantee pursuant to this Agreement which is subject to recovery under any law, government regulation or stock exchange listing requirement, will be subject to such deductions and clawback as may be required to be made pursuant to such law, government regulation or stock exchange listing requirement (or any policy adopted by the Company pursuant to any such law, government regulation or stock exchange listing requirement).
13.      Notices . Any notices required under this Agreement shall be addressed: (i) if to the Company, to the Company at its principal office which is presently located at 2900 University Boulevard, Ames, Iowa 50010, Attention: Equity Plan Administrator, and (ii) if to the Grantee, to the Grantee’s address as reflected in the stock records of the Company.
14.      Entire Agreement; Amendment . This Agreement, together with the Plan, sets forth all of the terms and conditions between the parties with respect to the Restricted Stock awarded under this Agreement. This Agreement may be amended at any time and from time to time by the Administrator, provided that the rights or obligations of the Grantee are not affected adversely by such

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amendment, unless the Grantee’s consent is obtained or such amendment is otherwise permitted under the terms of the Plan.
15.      Invalid or Unenforceable Provisions . The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the other provisions hereof, and this Agreement shall be construed in all respects as if the invalid or unenforceable provisions were omitted.
16.      Counterparts . The Notice of Grant to which this Agreement is attached may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. Counterpart signature pages transmitted by facsimile, by electronic mail in portable document format (.pdf), or by any other electronic means intended to preserve the original graphic and pictorial appearance of a document, will have the same effect as physical delivery of the paper document bearing an original signature.
17.      Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by the applicable Code provisions to the maximum extent possible. Otherwise, the laws of the State of Delaware (without regard to principles of conflicts of laws) shall govern the operation of, and the rights of the Grantee under, the Plan and this Agreement.


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WORKIVA INC.
2014 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
NOTICE OF RESTRICTED STOCK GRANT
(NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR)

                

                

Grant Number         

Pursuant to the Workiva Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”), you have been granted shares of Class A Common Stock of Workiva Inc. (the “Company”), subject to vesting restrictions (“Restricted Stock”) as follows:
Grant Date                         

Total Number of Shares Granted             

Vesting Schedule:
Subject to the Plan and the Restricted Stock Agreement, the Restricted Stock subject to this grant shall vest in accordance with the following schedule, provided you have not experienced a Termination of Service prior to any vesting date:

Vesting Date(s)
Number or Percentage of Shares that Vest
 
 
 
 

By your signature and the signature of the Company’s representative below, you and the Company agree that this award is governed by the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Restricted Stock Agreement, all of which are attached and made a part of this document. By your signature below, you also acknowledge that there may be tax consequences to you upon the grant or the vesting of the Restricted Stock or the disposition of the underlying shares, and that you have been advised to consult a tax advisor prior to acceptance of such grant, vesting or disposition.

GRANTEE:                        WORKIVA INC.

By:                         

Name:                         
Print Name
Title:                         
Execution Date: ____________ __, 20__

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WORKIVA INC.
2014 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
RESTRICTED STOCK AGREEMENT
(NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR)
This RESTRICTED STOCK AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) dated as of the Grant Date set forth on the Notice of Restricted Stock Grant to which this Agreement is attached (the “Notice of Grant”) is between Workiva Inc. (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, and the grantee named in the Notice of Grant (the “Grantee”).
WHEREAS, the Company desires to award the Grantee shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock subject to vesting restrictions (“Restricted Stock”) in accordance with the terms of the Plan, a copy of which is attached hereto;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby, agree as follows:
1. Grant of Restricted Stock . The Company hereby grants to the Grantee that number of shares of Restricted Stock set forth on the Notice of Grant, subject to the terms of the Plan and this Agreement. The Grantee must accept the Restricted Stock award within 90 days after notification that the award is available for acceptance and in accordance with the instructions provided by the Company. The award automatically will be rescinded upon action of the Company, in its discretion, if the award is not accepted within 90 days after notification is sent to the Grantee indicating availability for acceptance.
2.      Vesting; Forfeiture . Provided the Grantee has not incurred a Termination of Service prior to the applicable vesting date, except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement and the Plan, the Restricted Stock awarded under this Agreement shall vest on the earliest to occur of the following: (a) the vesting date(s) set forth on the Notice of Grant; (b) the Grantee’s death; (c) a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan), or (d) the Administrator, in its sole discretion, determines that the Grantee has incurred a disability (within the meaning of Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”)). In the event of the Grantee’s Termination of Service for Cause, all unvested Restricted Stock awarded under this Agreement shall be immediately forfeited.
The period over which the Restricted Stock vests is referred to as the “Restriction Period.” Until such time as the shares of Restricted Stock have vested, the Restricted Stock is not transferable other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, or as otherwise permitted by the Plan, and the Restricted Stock shall not be subject to any levy of any attachment, execution or similar process upon the rights or interest. In the event of any attempt by the Grantee to alienate, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of any Restricted Stock or any right hereunder, except as provided for in this Agreement, the Company may terminate any unvested portion of the award by notice to the Grantee and the award and all rights hereunder shall thereupon become null and void.
3.      Ownership of Shares; Dividends . Except for the above restrictions and the provisions relating to dividends paid during the Restriction Period as described in the Plan, the Grantee will be treated as the record owner of the shares of Restricted Stock and shall have all of the rights of a shareholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to vote such shares and to receive

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all dividends or other distributions paid with respect to such shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company received by the Grantee as a stock dividend, or in connection with a stock split or combination, share exchange, or other recapitalization which are derived from shares of Restricted Stock shall be subject to the same restrictions, and shall bear the same legend (or book-entry record) as the shares of Restricted Stock and, if certificated, shall be held under the same terms and conditions as the Restricted Stock as described in Section 4 below.
4.      Restricted Stock Certificates . The stock certificate(s) representing the Restricted Stock shall be issued or held in book entry form promptly following the acceptance of this Agreement. If a stock certificate is issued, it shall be delivered to the Secretary of the Company or such other custodian as may be designated by the Company, to be held until the end of the Restriction Period or until the Restricted Stock is forfeited. The certificates representing shares of Restricted Stock granted pursuant to this Agreement shall be registered in the Grantee’s name (or, if the Grantee so requests, in the name of the Grantee and the Grantee’s spouse, jointly with right of survivorship), and shall bear a legend in substantially the form set forth below:
“These shares have been issued pursuant to the Workiva Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“Plan”) and are subject to forfeiture to Workiva Inc. in accordance with the terms of the Plan and an Agreement between Workiva Inc. and the person in whose name the certificate is registered. These shares may not be sold, pledged, exchanged, transferred, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of except in accordance with the terms of the Plan and said Agreement.”
5.      Section 83(b) Election . The Grantee acknowledges that the Grantee may file an election pursuant to Code Section 83(b) to be taxed currently on the fair market value of the shares of Restricted Stock (less any purchase price paid for the shares), provided that such election is filed by the Grantee with the Internal Revenue Service no later than thirty (30) days after the grant of such Restricted Stock. The Grantee will seek the advice of his or her own tax advisors as to the advisability of making a Section 83(b) election, the potential consequences of making such an election, the requirements for making such an election, and the other tax consequences of the Restricted Stock award under federal, state, and any other applicable laws. The Company and its affiliates and employees and agents have not, and are not, providing tax advice to the Grantee.
6.      Delivery of Stock and Documents . In the event any shares of Restricted Stock are forfeited to the Company pursuant to the Plan or this Agreement, the Grantee shall, to the extent not already deposited with the Company or its designee, deliver to the Company or its designee the following: the certificate or certificates representing the Restricted Stock (if certificated) duly endorsed for transfer and bearing whatever documentary stamps, if any, are necessary, and such assignments, certificates of authority, tax releases, consents to transfer, instruments, and evidences of title of the Grantee and of the Grantee’s compliance with this Agreement as may be reasonably required by the Company or by its counsel.
7.      No Right to Continued Service . Nothing in the Plan or this Agreement shall confer upon the Grantee any right to continue in the service of the Company or any Related Corporation or shall interfere with or restrict in any way the rights of the Company and any Related Corporation, which rights are hereby expressly reserved, to discharge or terminate the service of the Grantee at any time and for any reason whatsoever.

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8.      Incorporation of Plan by Reference . The terms and conditions of the Plan are incorporated by reference herein. To the extent that any conflict may exist between any term or provision of this Agreement and any term or provision of the Plan, the term or provision of the Plan shall control. Capitalized terms not defined in this Agreement shall have the meaning given such terms in the Plan.
9.      Successors and Assigns . The Company may assign any of its rights under this Agreement. This Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company. Subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth herein, this Agreement will be binding upon the Grantee and the Grantee's beneficiaries, executors, administrators and the person(s) to whom the Restricted Stock may be transferred by will or the laws of descent or distribution.
10.      Compliance with Law . The issuance and transfer of shares of Common Stock shall be subject to compliance by the Company and the Grantee with the applicable requirements of federal and state securities laws and with the applicable requirements of any stock exchange on which the Company’s shares of Common Stock may be listed. No shares of Common Stock shall be issued or transferred unless and until any then applicable requirements of state and federal laws and regulatory agencies have been fully complied with to the satisfaction of the Company and its counsel.
11.      Notices . Any notices required under this Agreement shall be addressed: (i) if to the Company, to the Company at its principal office which is presently located at 2900 University Boulevard, Ames, Iowa 50010, Attention: Equity Plan Administrator, and (ii) if to the Grantee, to the Grantee’s address as reflected in the stock records of the Company.
12.      Entire Agreement; Amendment . This Agreement, together with the Plan, sets forth all of the terms and conditions between the parties with respect to the Restricted Stock awarded under this Agreement. This Agreement may be amended at any time and from time to time by the Administrator, provided that the rights or obligations of the Grantee are not affected adversely by such amendment, unless the Grantee’s consent is obtained or such amendment is otherwise permitted under the terms of the Plan.
13.      Invalid or Unenforceable Provisions . The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the other provisions hereof, and this Agreement shall be construed in all respects as if the invalid or unenforceable provisions were omitted.
14.      Counterparts . The Notice of Grant to which this Agreement is attached may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. Counterpart signature pages transmitted by facsimile, by electronic mail in portable document format (.pdf), or by any other electronic means intended to preserve the original graphic and pictorial appearance of a document, will have the same effect as physical delivery of the paper document bearing an original signature.
15.      Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by the applicable Code provisions to the maximum extent possible. Otherwise, the laws of the State of Delaware (without regard to principles of conflicts of laws) shall govern the operation of, and the rights of the Grantee under, the Plan and this Agreement.

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SUBLEASE AGREEMENT
This SUBLEASE AGREEMENT (hereinafter called “Sublease”) is executed effective as of the 19th day of December, 2011, by and between 2900 University, LLC, an Iowa limited liability company (hereinafter called “Sublessor”) and WebFilings LLC, a California limited liability company (hereinafter called “Sublessee”).
WITNESSETH:
ARTICLE I
PREMISES, TERM AND ACCEPTANCE
Section 1.01. Lease and Premises .
a.    Sublessor hereby leases and demises to Sublessee, and Sublessee hereby leases and hires from Sublessor, for the term, at the rental, and upon all of the other provisions of this Sublease, the Leased Premises. The real estate described on Exhibit “A” attached hereto is hereinafter called the “Property”. The building to be constructed upon the Property is hereinafter called the “Building”. The Property and Building together comprise the “Leased Premises”. It is acknowledged that, while this instrument is entitled "Sublease Agreement" and Sublessor has leased the Property pursuant to the Ground Lease (defined below) from the ground lessor thereunder (sometimes referred to herein as the "Ground Lessor"), Sublessor will construct the Building and the lease of the Building by Sublessor to Sublessee pursuant to this Sublease is a direct lease and not a sublease.
b.    Sublessor shall cause the Building to be constructed in accordance with the provisions of Exhibit "B-I" attached hereto. Sublessor further agrees to cause the Building to be constructed in a good and workmanlike manner and in compliance with all applicable ordinances, statutes, rules and regulations of all city, county, political subdivisions or other governmental authority having jurisdiction to regulate or supervise the Building or the specifications, design, engineering, construction and improvements of the Building, and also in compliance with the design, design approval and development and construction requirements of the recorded Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions for the Iowa State University Research Park ("ISURP CCRs"). Sublessor (subject to Sublessee's payment of "Tenant's Payment Obligation" as defined in Exhibit “B-I”) shall deliver the completed Building free of all mechanic's liens, other liens and claims for liens for work performed or materials supplied by any contractor, subcontractor, materialman or supplier and shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless Sublessee, and protect the Leased Premises, from and against any and all loss, liability or damage for or on account of any such claims or liens arising from or in connection with the construction of the Building. Sublessor shall assign to Sublessee all construction and equipment warranties relating to the Building and shall obtain the consent of the contractor and other providers of warranties to such assignment. Following execution of this Sublease, Sublessee shall have the right to (at its cost and subject to any applicable ordinances, covenants or use restrictions) install a prominent sign on the Property at the corner of Airport Road and University Blvd. identifying the project as the "Future WebFilings Campus" or equivalent.
Section 1.02. Primary Term; Renewal Term .




(a)    The primary term of this Sublease ("Primary Term") shall be for a period of fifteen (15) years beginning on the Commencement Date (as hereinafter defined).
The Commencement Date shall commence on the date on which the Sublessor tenders possession of the Leased Premises to the Sublessee with Sublessor’s Improvements (as defined in Exhibit “B”) substantially complete. It is anticipated that the Commencement Date will be on or aboutFebruary 1, 2013. In the event Sublessor has not tendered possession of the Leased Premises to Sublessee by February 1, 2013, Sublessee’s sole remedy shall be abatement of Rent. Sublessee agrees to execute and deliver to Sublessor a letter of acceptance which shall certify that Sublessee has accepted the Leased Premises in compliance with the terms of this Lease and setting forth the Commencement Date and Termination Date of the Term hereof and the date when the Base Rent shall become due and payable. "Sublease Year" shall mean the twelve (12) consecutive calendar months commencing with the Commencement Date, and thereafter with each succeeding anniversary thereof. If the Commencement Date is other than the first day of a calendar month, the first Sublease Year shall end on the last day of the month in which the first anniversary of the Commencement Date occurs. For any Sublease Year containing other than exactly twelve months, Base Rent and any other charges due under the Sublease computed on a twelve month basis shall be pro-rated on the basis of the number of days of such Sublease Year to a full year.
(b)    Sublessee shall have the right at its option to extend the term of this Sublease for three (3) consecutive extension terms of five (5) years each, provided that Sublessee is not in default in the payment of rent or otherwise in any material default at the time of the exercise of such option or at the commencement of the respective extension term. Each extension term shall be on the same terms and conditions of this Sublease as applicable to the Primary Term. Sublessee may only exercise each extension option, and any exercise thereof shall only be effective, by delivery of written notice to Sublessor not earlier than eighteen (18) months and not later than six (6) months prior to the then applicable term expiration date.
Section 1.03. Sublessor Lease Contingencies . Unless otherwise waived by Sublessor in writing, the effectiveness of this Sublease and Sublessor’s obligations hereunder are subject to the satisfaction, within sixty (60) days from the date of this Sublease (the “Contingency Date”), of all of the following conditions (the “Sublessor Contingencies”):
a.    Sublessor entering into a binding ground lease with Iowa State University Research Park ("ISURP") on terms acceptable to Sublessor (the “Ground Lease”) and all contingencies to the effectiveness of the Ground Lease being satisfied or waived.
b.    Sublessor’s attorneys shall have reviewed and approved an abstract of title to the Leased Premises.
c.    Sublessor having obtained, at Sublessor’s expense, a survey of the Leased Premises.
d.    Execution of any additional documentation required by Sublessor’s mortgagee to evidence the subordination by the Iowa State University Foundation (the "Foundation") of its mortgagee interest in the real estate to this Sublease and to Sublessor’s mortgagee, and the subordination of the ownership interest of ISURP in the real estate to the Sublessor’s mortgagee.

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e.    Sublessor, with Sublessee’s assistance but at Sublessee’s expense, being able to obtain the approval of all public and governmental authorities to all matters for the construction and operation of the improvements in accordance with the Building Plans (as defined in Exhibit "B"), including, but not limited to, zoning, subdivision replatting, special use permits, building permits, sign permits or similar requirements in accordance with the Building Plans and the intended use of the Leased Premises.
f.    Sublessor closing a loan, in a principal amount and on terms consistent with the parameters described in Exhibit "C" attached hereto, for the construction costs of the intended improvements in accordance with the Building Plans, upon terms acceptable to Sublessor, and review and approval by the lender and the parties hereto and by any other necessary parties of any documentation required by the lender to further secure its loan to Sublessor and/or to evidence the subordination of any third party interest in the real estate to this Sublease and to the lender’s mortgage (“Sublessor’s Note and Mortgage”).
g.    Written agreement obtained from Iowa State University Research Foundation (“ISURF”) for its guaranty of payment of up to one million dollars or of one year of principal and interest on the Sublessor’s mortgage loan if Sublessee defaults under this Sublease and if Sublessor is not in default under the Ground Lease for reasons other than a default on the Sublease, in form and substance satisfactory to Sublessor (the “ISURF LOC”).
h.    Sublessor entering into a satisfactory construction contract with Story Construction upon terms acceptable to Sublessor, including, but not limited to, provision acceptable to Sublessor and Sublessee for payment of costs by Sublessee in excess of the Improvement Allowance.
i.    Sublessor and Sublessee agreeing upon the terms of Exhibits B-II and B-III upon terms acceptable to Sublessor and Sublessee.
In the event each of the foregoing Sublessor Contingencies is not timely satisfied or waived by Sublessor on or before the Contingency Date, Sublessor shall have the right to terminate this Sublease by delivering written notice to Sublessee on or before the Contingency Date (the “Sublessor Termination Notice”), and in such event this Sublease shall terminate and both parties shall be relieved of all obligations hereunder except that Sublessee shall be obligated to repair any and all damage caused to the Premises by Sublessee, including, but not limited to, the filling of all holes made by or on behalf of Sublessee. In the event Sublessor notifies Sublessee in writing prior to the Contingency Date that all Sublessor Contingencies have been satisfied or are being waived by Sublessor (the “Sublessor Contingency Satisfaction Notice”) or in the event Sublessor does not give Sublessee either the Sublessor Contingency Satisfaction Notice or the Sublessor Termination Notice, as provided above, prior to the Contingency Date, this Lease shall be fully binding on both Sublessor and Sublessee (subject to Sublessee's contingency rights set forth in Section 1.04).
Section 1.04. Sublessee Lease Contingencies . Unless otherwise waived by Sublessee in writing, the effectiveness of this Sublease and Sublessor's obligations hereunder are subject to the satisfaction by the Contingency Date of all of the following conditions (the "Sublessee Contingencies"):

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a.    Sublessor entering into the Ground Lease with ISURP on terms reasonably acceptable to Sublessee and all contingencies to the effectiveness of the Ground Lease being satisfied or waived.
b.    Execution by ISURP of a non-disturbance agreement satisfactory to Sublessee (or inclusion of such agreement in the Ground Lease) confirming Sublessee's right to remain in possession of the Leased Premises pursuant to the terms of this Sublease (but with rental equivalent to the rental payable under the Ground Lease and subject to such other modifications as may be agreed between Sublessee and the Ground Lessor) notwithstanding a default by Sublessor under the Ground Lease or a termination of the Ground Lease, so long as Sublessee is not then in default under this Sublease and agrees to attorn to the Ground Lessor.
c.    Execution by the Foundation of documentation satisfactory to Sublessee confirming the subordination of its mortgagee interest to the Ground Lease and this Sublease and confirming the Sublessee's right to remain in possession of the Leased Premises pursuant to the terms of this Sublease notwithstanding any default by ISURP under the mortgage held by the Foundation.
d.    Execution by Sublessor's mortgagee of a non-disturbance agreement satisfactory to Sublessee confirming the Sublessee's right to remain in possession of the Leased Premises pursuant to the terms of this Sublease notwithstanding a default under and/or foreclosure of such mortgage.
e.    Sublessor entering into a satisfactory construction contract with Story Construction upon terms acceptable to Sublessor, including, but not limited to, provision acceptable to Sublessor and Sublessee for payment of costs by Sublessee in excess of the Improvement Allowance.
f.    Sublessor and Sublessee agreeing upon the terms of Exhibits B-II and B-III upon terms acceptable to Sublessor and Sublessee.
In the event each of the foregoing Sublessee Contingencies is not timely satisfied or waived by Sublessee on or before the Contingency Date, Sublessee shall have the right to terminate this Sublease by delivering written notice to Sublessor on or before the Contingency Date (the “Sublessee Termination Notice”). and in such event this Sublease shall terminate and both parties shall be relieved of all obligations hereunder except that Sublessee shall be obligated to repair any and all damage caused to the Premises by Sublessee, including, but not limited to, the filling of all holes made by or on behalf of Sublessee. In the event Sublessee notifies Sublessor in writing prior to the Contingency Date that all Sublessee Contingencies have been satisfied or are being waived by Sublessee (the “Sublessee Contingency Satisfaction Notice”) or in the event Sublessee does not give Sublessor either the Sublessee Contingency Satisfaction Notice or the Sublessee Termination Notice, as provided above, prior to the Contingency Date, this Lease shall be fully binding on both Sublessor and Sublessee (subject to Sublessor's contingency rights set forth in Section 1.03).

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Section 1.05. Quiet Enjoyment . Sublessee shall peaceably and quietly have, hold, occupy and enjoy the Leased Premises for the term of this Sublease and any extensions, without hindrance from Sublessor or any party claiming by, through, or under Sublessor, but subject to the terms of the Ground Lease. Sublessor shall not enter into any modification or amendment of the Ground Lease without the written consent of Sublessee, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
ARTICLE II
RENT
Section 2.01. Net Rent . It is the intent of Sublessor and Sublessee that the rent herein specified and reserved shall be absolutely net to Sublessor, so that this Sublease shall yield, net to Sublessor, the rents specified in Section 2.02 hereof in each year during the term of this Sublease. All costs, expenses and obligations of every kind and nature whatsoever relating to the operating and maintenance of the Leased Premises and the improvements thereon which shall arise or become due during the term of this Sublease shall be paid by Sublessee, and Sublessor shall be indemnified by Sublessee against all such costs, expenses and obligations. The rent reserved hereunder shall be paid to Sublessor at the address identified in Section 12.02, or such other place as Sublessor shall designate in writing, in lawful money of the United States, which shall be legal tender for the payment of all debts and dues, public and private, at the time of payment, without abatement, deduction or setoff of any kind.
Section 2.02. Rental . Sublessee shall pay to Sublessor rent (“Rent”) for the Leased Premises the following:
(a)    Beginning on the Commencement Date, base rent shall be $355,830.00 per year (the “Base Rent”), payable monthly, in advance, in equal amounts of $29,652.50, and continuing on the first day of each and every month thereafter for the next succeeding months during the balance of the term, without notice, setoff or demand. Base Rent for any period during the term hereof which is for less than one (1) month will be a prorated portion of the monthly installment due based upon a thirty (30) day month.
(b)    Beginning on the Commencement Date, Sublessee shall also pay to Sublessor, in advance, all scheduled monthly payments of principal and interest under Sublessor’s Note and Mortgage (and any refinancing thereof); provided that such payment terms are consistent with the parameters set forth in Exhibit "C." Sublessor shall, at its option, direct Sublessee to make such payments directly to Sublessor’s lender, and in such event, Sublessee shall also be responsible for any late fees or interest attributable to any late payment by Sublessee. Except as otherwise provided above with respect to the payment of scheduled monthly payments, Sublessee shall not be liable for the payment of the outstanding principal of Sublessor's mortgage financing whether at maturity or upon acceleration thereof.
(c)    Sublessee shall also pay directly to ISURF, in advance, all interest and carrying costs due on the ISURF LOC in the amount of $70,000.00 per year.

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Section 2.03. Additional Charges . All taxes, charges, costs and expenses which Sublessee is required to pay hereunder, together with all interest and penalties that may accrue thereon in the event of Sublessee’s failure to pay such amounts, shall be additional charges to be paid by Sublessee, and in the event of nonpayment by Sublessee, Sublessor shall have all rights and remedies with respect thereto as Sublessor has for nonpayment ofRent.
Section 2.04. Past-Due Rent and Additional Charges . If the Sublessee shall fail to pay, when due, any rent or additional charges, such amount or amounts unpaid from the date thereof to date paid shall bear (i) with respect to Base Rent and other amounts payable to Sublessor, interest equal to four percent (4%) per annum over the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal, or other nationally recognized publication generally utilized in the financial markets at the time of the default ("Default Rate"); and (ii) with respect to the debt service obligations payable directly to Sublessor's lender, the ISURF LOC fee payable directly to ISURF and the Ground Lease Obligations payable directly to ISURP, interest at the Default Rate to the extent, if any, said interest amount is in excess of the interest and late fees and charges paid by Sublessee to Sublessor's lender, ISURF and/or the Ground Lessor, as the case may be, in connection with any late payment to any of said parties.
ARTICLE III
PAYMENT OF TAXES AND ASSESSMENTS, GROUND LEASE RENT;
UTILITY CHARGES
Section 3.01. Impositions; Payment . Sublessee shall during the term of the Sublease pay as additional charges, all such duties, taxes, charges for water, sewer taxes, assessments and payments, which shall, during the term of this Sublease, be laid, levied, assessed or imposed upon, or become due and payable, or liens upon the Leased Premises or any part thereof, and any appurtenances thereto, or the leasehold estate hereby created, and by virtue of any present or future law, or order or ordinance of the United States of America, or of the city, county or local government, or of any department, office or bureau thereof, or any other governmental authority. The duties, taxes, assessments, charges and payments described in the foregoing paragraph are sometimes referred to hereinafter singularly as “Imposition” and collectively as “Impositions”. Sublessor shall remain liable for all such additional charges, duties, taxes, charges for water, sewer taxes, assessments and payments that arose against the Leased Premises prior to the Commencement Date. Sublessor represents and warrants to Sublessee that no such items are currently outstanding or anticipated except for such items that are of a normal and customary nature.
The foregoing notwithstanding, the parties hereto understand and agree that the Impositions for the first and last years of the term of this Sublease shall be prorated proportionately between the Sublessor and the Sublessee so that Sublessee shall pay only those portions, whether or not due and payable at the commencement or expiration of this Sublease as the case may be, which correspond (on an accrual basis) with the portion of said years as are within the term of this Sublease.
To the extent required by Sublessor's mortgagee, or, at the option of Sublessor (if Sublessee is ever delinquent on the payment of any Imposition by more than thirty (30) days), Sublessee shall

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make monthly escrow deposits to Sublessor (or Sublessor’s mortgagee, as the case may be) in an amount equal to the reasonable estimate of one-twelfth of the Impositions. Said amounts may be commingled, and any interest thereon shall inure to Sublessor (or Sublessor’s mortgagee, as the case may be). All amounts paid hereunder shall be applied to the payment of all such Impositions for which Sublessee is responsible. Any excess amount held by Sublessor (or Sublessor's mortgagee, as the case may be) at the end of the term of the Sublease shall be returned, without interest, to Sublessee.
Any tax rebate, abatement, or similar benefit in favor of the Leased Premises shall be the sole property of Sublessee.
Sublessor hereby confirms that the Property is taxed as a separate parcel for real estate tax purposes.
Section 3.02 Ground Lease . Sublessee shall during the term of the Sublease pay directly to ISURP (except as otherwise provided below) as additional charges all rental, additional charges, taxes and other Impositions and utility charges owing by Sublessor to ISURP pursuant to the Ground Lease (hereinafter “Ground Lease Obligations”) as the same become due and payable. Sublessee shall also be responsible for any late fees or interest attributable to any late payment by Sublessee.
To the extent required by Sublessor's mortgagee, or, at the option of Sublessor (if Sublessee is has been delinquent on the payment of any Ground Lease Obligations by more than thirty (30) days) at any time within the prior thirty-six (36) months, Sublessee shall make monthly escrow deposits to Sublessor (or Sublessor’s mortgagee, as the case may be) in an amount equal to the reasonable estimate of one-twelfth of the Ground Lease Obligations. Said amounts may be commingled, and any interest thereon shall inure to Sublessor (or Sublessor’s mortgagee, as the case may be). All amounts paid hereunder shall be applied to the payment of all such Ground Lease Obligations for which Sublessee is responsible. Any excess amount held by Sublessor (or Sublessor's mortgagee, as the case may be) at the end of the term of the Sublease shall be returned, without interest, to Sublessee.
Section 3.03. Sublessor’s Taxes . Nothing in this Sublease shall require Sublessee to pay franchise, corporate, excise, estate, inheritance, succession, capital levy or transfer tax of Sublessor, or any income, profits or revenue tax or any other tax, assessment, charge or levy upon the rents payable by Sublessee under this Sublease.
Section 3.04. Utility Charges . Sublessee shall pay all charges for gas, sewer, water, steam, electricity, heat, light, power, and telephone and other utility and communication services used, rendered, or supplied upon or in connection with the Leased Premises, or any improvements constructed thereon, and shall pay, protect, defend and indemnify Sublessor and save it harmless from and against any liability or damages on such account. Sublessor shall not be required to pay any such charges. In connection with the construction of the Building, Sublessee shall procure, and pay for as part of the construction costs, all necessary permits, licenses, and other authorizations required for the lawful and proper installation and maintenance upon the Leased Premises or any improvements thereon of the wires, pipes, shafts, ducts, conduits, tubes and other equipment and appliances for use in supplying any such services to and upon the Leased Premises as delivered on

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the Commencement Date. Thereafter, such permits, licenses and other authorizations shall be procured by Sublessee at its cost.
ARTICLE IV
USE, COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS
Section 4.01. Use . The Leased Premises may be used for office purposes and uses incidental thereto, except that Sublessee shall not permit any part of the Leased Premises to be used for any business, use or purpose which is disreputable or hazardous, nor in any manner which is in violation of any present or future law, ordinance or regulation, nor in violation of any use restriction or restrictive covenant applicable to the Leased Premises (including, without limitation, the ISURP CCRs), nor in a manner which will violate any certificate of occupancy affecting the Leased Premises, or make void or voidable any insurance then in force with respect thereto, nor which will cause or be likely to cause structural damage to the Building, nor which will constitute a public nuisance. Sublessee shall, promptly after the discovery of any such uses contrary hereto, take all necessary steps, legal and equitable, to compel discontinuance of such use. Sublessee shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Sublessor of all costs, expenses, liabilities, losses, damages, injunctions, suits, fines, penalties, claims and demands, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, arising out of the violation of or default of the covenant contained in this Article IV by Sublessee.
Section 4.02. Compliance with Law; Environmental Compliance . The term "Hazardous Substances" as used in this Sublease shall mean pollutants, contaminants, toxic or hazardous wastes, or any other substances, the use and/or the removal of which is regulated or the use of which is restricted, prohibited, or penalized by any "Environmental Law", which term shall mean any federal, state, or local law, ordinance or other statute of a governmental or quasi‑governmental authority relating to pollution or protection of the environment. Sublessee hereby agrees that (A) no activity will be conducted on the Leased Premises that will produce any mold, mildew, fungus, mushrooms, yeast, or microbial growths containing mycotoxins, including but not limited to stachybotrys, penicillium, nemnoniella, altermevia, cladosporium, and aspergillus; (B) no activity will be conducted on the Premises that will produce any Hazardous Substance, except for such activities that are part of the ordinary course of Sublessee's business activities (the "Permitted Activities") provided said Permitted Activities are conducted in accordance with all Environmental Laws and have been approved in advance in writing by Sublessor; Sublessee shall be responsible for obtaining any required permits and paying any fees and providing any testing required by any governmental agency; (C) the Leased Premises will not be used in any manner for the storage of any Hazardous Substances except for the temporary storage of such materials that are used in the ordinary course of Sublessee's business (the "Permitted Materials") provided such Permitted Materials are properly stored in a manner and location meeting all Environmental Laws and approved in advance in writing by Sublessor; Sublessee shall be responsible for obtaining any required permits and paying any fees and providing any testing required by any governmental agency; (D) no portion of the Leased Premises will be used as a landfill or a dump; (E) Sublessee will not install any underground tanks of any type; (F) Sublessee will not allow any surface or subsurface conditions to exist or come into existence that constitute, or with the passage of time may constitute a public or private nuisance; (G) Sublessee will not permit any Hazardous Substances to be brought onto the Leased Premises,

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except for the Permitted Materials described above, and if so brought or found located thereon, the same shall be immediately removed, with proper disposal, and all required cleanup procedures shall be diligently undertaken pursuant to all Environmental Laws. Sublessor or Sublessor's representative shall have the right but not the obligation to enter the Leased Premises for the purpose of inspecting the storage, use, and disposal of Permitted Materials to ensure compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws. Should it be determined, in Sublessor's sole opinion, that said Permitted Materials are being improperly stored, used, or disposed of, Sublessee shall immediately take such corrective action as requested by Sublessor. Should Sublessee fail to take such corrective action within one (1) business day, Sublessor shall have the right to perform such work and Sublessee shall promptly reimburse Sublessor for any and all costs associated with said work. If at any time during or after the term of the Lease, the Leased Premises are found to be so contaminated or subject to any of the conditions prohibited above, Sublessee shall diligently institute proper and thorough cleanup procedures at Sublessee's sole cost and expense, and Sublessee agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold Sublessor harmless from all claims, demands, actions, liabilities, costs, expenses, damages, and obligations of any nature arising from or as a result of the use of the Leased Premises by Sublessee. The foregoing indemnification and the responsibilities of Sublessee shall survive the termination or expiration of this Lease.
ARTICLE V
REPAIRS; ALTERATIONS; SURRENDER
Section 5.01. Repairs . Sublessee, at its sole expense, shall keep the Leased Premises and as hereafter constituted with all improvements thereto, clean and in good condition, reasonable wear and tear excepted, and shall make all repairs and replacements, foreseen and unforeseen, and ordinary and extraordinary changes, repairs, and replacements of every kind and nature, including all structural repairs, which may be required to be made upon or in connection with the Leased Premises or any part thereof, necessary to maintain the Leased Premises. All repairs, and replacements shall be at least equal in quality of material and workmanship to that originally existing in the Leased Premises or improvements thereon. The Sublessor shall in no event be required to make any repair, alteration or improvement to the Leased Premises or improvements thereon. Any equipment and materials replaced by Sublessee shall belong to Sublessee and all proceeds from salvage during demolition shall be retained by or disposed of by Sublessee. The Sublessee shall indemnify and defend the Sublessor against all costs, expenses, liabilities, losses, damages, suits, fines, penalties, claims and demands, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, because of Sublessee’s failure to comply with the foregoing, including the failure to conduct demolition in a safe and lawful manner. Sublessee shall, at its own expense, keep free and clear from dirt, snow, ice, rubbish and other obstructions and encumbrances, the sidewalks, parking areas, and curbs located on the Leased Premises, if any.

Section 5.02. Alterations . Sublessee may make alterations (not exceeding $250,000.00 in any case) to the interior of the Leased Premises which Sublessee may deem desirable or necessary in the conduct of its business without the prior written consent of Sublessor. Sublessee shall not make any improvements, alterations, or additions in or to the Leased Premises without Sublessor's prior written consent which might reasonably be expected to: (i) impair the structural strength of the Building; (ii) penetrate the roof membrane; or (iii) which shall cost in excess of $250,000.00.

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sublessee shall have the right at its cost and expense, subject to the consent of Sublessor (which shall not be unreasonably withheld), to cause to be constructed an additional building on the Property, which may be connected to the Building but which shall be a separate structural unit and shall not be dependent upon the Building's structure or systems and which shall not affect the structural integrity of the Building. Sublessor and Sublessee shall cooperate in all reasonable ways (but without any additional cost or expense to Sublessor) to obtain any required consent for the construction of such additional building from any mortgagee or other lender of Sublessor.

If Sublessor's consent is required hereunder for any alterations, and also with respect to the construction of an additional building on the Property pursuant to the preceding paragraph, before commencement of the work or delivery of any materials to the Leased Premises, Sublessee shall furnish Sublessor with plans and specifications, names and addresses of contractors, copies of contracts, necessary permits and licenses, and an indemnification in such form and amount as may be reasonably satisfactory to Sublessor. Sublessee agrees to hold Sublessor forever harmless from any and all claims and liabilities of any kind and description which may arise out of or be connected in any way with any said improvements, alterations, additions or installations.

Section 5.03. Surrender at End of Term . On the last day of the term of this Sublease, or on the sooner termination thereof as provided herein, Sublessee shall peaceably surrender the Leased Premises in good condition and repair consistent with Sublessee's duty to make repairs as herein provided. On or before the last day of the term of this Sublease, or the sooner termination thereof as provided herein, Sublessee shall, at its expense, and if not then in default hereunder, remove all of its trade fixtures and equipment from the Leased Premises, and all property not removed shall be deemed abandoned. Sublessee shall leave the Leased Premises in good order, ordinary wear and tear excepted. Sublessee shall reimburse Sublessor for any expenses incurred by Sublessor with respect to removal or storage of abandoned property, with respect to repair of the Leased Premises as a result of Sublessee's removal of Sublessee's trade fixtures and equipment, and with respect to restoring the Leased Premises to good order, condition and repair.

All alterations, additions, fixtures, paneling, partitions, railings and like installations, other than Sublessee's trade fixtures and equipment, which have been made or installed by either Sublessor or Sublessee upon the Leased Premises shall remain the Sublessor's property and shall be surrendered with the Leased Premises as a part thereof unless Sublessor directs Sublessee to remove same. If Sublessee fails to remove same as directed by Sublessor, Sublessee shall pay to Sublessor an amount that Sublessor reasonably believes necessary for the removal and disposal of same.. If the Leased Premises be not surrendered at the end of the term or sooner termination thereof, Sublessee shall indemnify Sublessor against loss or liability resulting from delay by Sublessee in so surrendering the Leased Premises, including, without limitation, claims made by any succeeding sublessees founded on such delay and any attorneys' fees resulting therefrom. Sublessee shall promptly surrender all keys for the Leased Premises to Sublessor at the place then fixed for the payment of rent and shall inform Sublessor of combinations on any vaults, locks and safes left on the Leased Premises.

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Section 5.04. Standard of Repair . The necessity for and the adequacy of the repairs of the improvements pursuant to Article V hereof shall be measured by the standards which are appropriate for improvements of similar construction, age and class in Des Moines, Iowa; provided that in any event, Sublessee shall make all necessary repairs to avoid any structural damage or injury to the improvements or to persons.
Section 5.05. Nonresponsibility of Sublessor . Except as otherwise provided in Section 8.01 with respect to a Casualty, Sublessor shall not be required to furnish any services or facilities to the Leased Premises or to make any repair, replacement, alteration or modification of any kind to the Leased Premises or improvements thereon, the curbs, streets and sidewalks and vaults therein or adjacent thereto. Subject to the provisions of Section 8.01, Sublessee hereby assumes full and sole responsibility for the condition, operation, repair, replacement, maintenance and management of the Leased Premises and improvements existing in the future during the term of this Sublease.
Section 5.06. Payment of Liens . Sublessee shall pay and discharge or post a bond, pursuant to Chapter 572 of the Iowa Code, or other replacement Iowa Code Chapter or Section, against all claims and liens asserted or filed against the Leased Premises and improvements or any part thereof for work claimed to have been done or for materials claimed to have been furnished to Sublessee, and Sublessee shall hold Sublessor and the Leased Premises and improvements free and harmless from any and all loss, liability or damage for or on account of such claims or liens.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION, INSURANCE, DESTRUCTION OF PREMISES
Section 6.01. Indemnification . Sublessee hereby waives all claims against Sublessor for damages to personal property, tangible and intangible, in, upon or about the Leased Premises and for injuries or death to persons in or upon the Leased Premises and for injuries or death to persons in or upon the Leased Premises from any cause other than the negligence or intentional or willful acts of Sublessor. For the purposes of this paragraph, the term “Sublessor” shall be deemed to include all officers, directors, members, shareholders, employees, agents, and representatives thereof and all successors and assigns thereof, except that notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the term “Sublessor” when referring to an indemnitee, or to a party against whom claims are waived, shall not be deemed to include any sublessee of the Building or of any portion of the Building if the sublessee is an affiliate of Sublessor. Sublessee shall indemnify, defend, and save harmless Sublessor against and from all liabilities, obligations, damages, penalties, claims, costs, charges and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, which may be imposed upon Sublessor by reason of any act or omission of Sublessee or of any sublessee of any portion of the Building unless such sublessee is an affiliate of Sublessor, including but not limited to the following occurring during the term of this Sublease:
(a)    Any work, labor, service or thing done in, on or about the Leased Premises or any part thereof;
(b)    Any use, nonuse, possession, occupation or condition of the Leased Premises or any part thereof;

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(c)    Any operation, maintenance or management of the Leased Premises or any part thereof, by Sublessee or any of its agents, servants, employees, licensees, invitees, permittees, sublessees (not affiliated with Sublessor), or assignees;
(d)    Any negligence on the part of Sublessee or any of its agents, servants, employees, licensees, invitees, permittees, sublessees (not affiliated with Sublessor) or assignees;
(e)    Any accident, death, injury or damage to any person or property occurring in, on or about the Leased Premises or any part thereof, or any failure on the part of Sublessee to conform or comply with the covenants, agreements, terms and conditions contained in this Sublease on its part to be performed; and
(f)    Any violation of local, state, federal or other governmental law, rule or regulation by Sublessee.
The foregoing indemnification is solely for the benefit of Sublessor and shall not inure to the benefit of any third party.
In case any action or proceeding is brought against Sublessor by reason of any such claim, Sublessee, upon written notice from Sublessor, shall at Sublessee’s expense resist or defend such action or proceeding at Sublessee’s sole expense. The provisions of this Section shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Sublease.
Section 6.02. Insurance . Sublessee, in order to insure against the liabilities specified in this Sublease and other potential claims and liabilities, shall, beginning on the Commencement Date of this Sublease, cause to be carried, at its own expense, one or more policies of general public liability and property damage insurance, issued by one or more insurance companies rated A- (A Minus) or better by A.M. Best Company, in the following amounts:
(a)    Commercial General Liability Insurance, including blanket, contractual liability, personal injury, completed operations, products liability, and fire damage: Not less than $1,000,000 Combined Single Limit for both bodily injury and property damage.
(b)    Special Cause of Loss form property and casualty insurance, upon completion of the Building, for the full cost of replacement of the Building and property, exclusive of the cost of foundations, excavations and other underground improvements.
(c)    Commercial Umbrella/Excess Liability Insurance: Sublessee shall also carry commercial umbrella/excess liability insurance in the amount of Three Million and No/100 Dollars ($3,000,000). The commercial umbrella/excess liability insurance shall have the same inception and expiration dates as the underlying liability policies and shall provide coverage no less broad than those in the primary policies.
(d)    Such other insurance from time to time, in such amounts and against such other hazards reasonably requested by Sublessor which at the time are prudently obtained in the case of property similar to the Leased Premises, or are required the Ground Lease or Sublessor’s mortgagee.

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Such insurance shall not be canceled, or reduced in amount or coverage below the requirements of this Sublease, without at least forty-five (45) days prior written notice to Sublessor, and said policy or policies shall contain an agreement by the insurer that such policy shall not be cancelled without at least ten (10) days’ prior written notice to any mortgagee to whom a loss thereunder may be payable. Sublessee shall supply Sublessor with certificates furnished on an ACORD form reasonably acceptable to Sublessor with respect to all insurance required by this Section. Should Sublessee fail to carry such insurance and furnish Sublessor with such Certificates of Insurance after a request to do so, Sublessor shall have the right, but not the obligation, to obtain such insurance and collect the cost thereof from Sublessee as additional rent.
Section 6.05. Waiver of Subrogation . Neither Sublessor nor Sublessee shall be liable to the other for any business interruption or any loss or damage to property or injury or death of persons occurring on the Leased Premises or in any manner growing out of Sublessee’s use of the Leased Premises, whether caused by the fault or negligence of the Sublessor or Sublessee, or their respective agents employees, sublessees, licensees, or assignees. This waiver of liability and release shall apply only to the extent that such business interruption, loss or damage to property, or injury or death of persons is covered by insurance, and to the extent that recovery is made of proceeds thereunder, and regardless of whether such insurance protects the Sublessor or Sublessee or both. Anything in this Sublease to the contrary notwithstanding, Sublessor hereby releases and waives as to Sublessee (including all partners, stockholders, members, officers, directors, employees, agents and affiliates thereof), its successors and assigns, and Sublessee hereby releases and waives as to Sublessor (including all partners, stockholders, members, officers, directors, employees, and agents thereof), its successors and assigns, all rights to claim damages for any injury, loss, cost or damage to persons or to the Leased Premises or any other casualty covered under the terms of any property, general liability, or other policy of insurance required to be carried hereunder or actually carried by either party, to the extent such releases or waivers are permitted under applicable law. As respects all policies of insurance carried or maintained by Sublessor or Sublessee and subject to this paragraph, then to the extent permitted under such policies, Sublessee and Sublessor shall each cause their respective insurance carriers to waive all rights of subrogation.
ARTICLE VII
DEFAULT AND REMEDIES

Section 7.01. Default . The occurrence of any one or more of the following events shall constitute a default under this Lease by Sublessee: (i) any monthly installment of rent or any part thereof, or any other payments herein provided for, shall not be paid when due and shall continue unpaid for a period of five (5) business days after written notice from Sublessor (but if after Sublessor has provided two such written notices in any twelve month period, default shall occur in such twelve month period when such amounts remain unpaid for a period of five (5) business days after they are due), or (ii) the vacation or abandonment of the Leased Premises by the Sublessee (abandonment is defined to include, but is not limited to, any absence by the Sublessee from the Leased Premises, other than due to a Casualty or Force Majeure Delays resulting in the Sublessee not engaging in its usual and customary business for a minimum of thirty (30) consecutive days); or (iii) in the event Sublessee shall fail to perform any of the other covenants, terms or conditions of this Sublease to

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be performed by the Sublessee, and such failure shall continue for a period of thirty (30) days after written demand on Sublessee for such performance, or if such failure by its nature cannot reasonably be corrected within such 30-day period; (iv) the making by the Sublessee of any general assignment or general arrangement for the benefit of creditors; the appointment of a trustee or a receiver to take possession of substantially all of the Sublessee’s assets or of the Sublessee’s interest in this Lease and possession is not restored to the Sublessee within thirty (30) days; or the attachment, execution or other judicial seizure of substantially all of the Sublessee’s assets located at the Premises or of the Sublessee’s interest in this Lease and such seizure is not discharged within thirty (30) days; (v) the filing of any voluntary petition in bankruptcy by the Sublessee or the filing of any involuntary petition by the Sublessee’s creditors if the involuntary petition remains undischarged for a period of thirty (30) days. In the event that under applicable law the trustee in bankruptcy or the Sublessee has the right to affirm this Sublease and perform the obligations of the Sublessee hereunder, the trustee or Sublessee will, in the time period permitted by the bankruptcy court having jurisdiction, cure all defaults of the Sublessee outstanding as of the date of the affirmance of this Sublease and provide to the Sublessor such adequate assurances as may be necessary to ensure the Sublessor of the continued performance of the Sublessee’s obligations under this Sublease..

Section 7.02 Remedies . In the event of any default or breach by the Sublessee (after giving effect to any cure or grace period provided by Section 7.01 above), the Sublessor may, at its election: (i) terminate the Sublessee's right to possession of the Premises by any lawful means, in which case this Sublease will terminate and the Sublessee will immediately surrender possession of the Premises to the Sublessor. In such event Sublessor will be entitled to recover from the Sublessee all damages incurred by the Sublessor by reason of the Sublessee's default including, but not limited to (a) the cost of recovering possession of and securing the Premises; (b) expenses of reletting including necessary renovation and alteration of the Premises; (c) reasonable attorneys' fees and any real estate commission actually paid; (d) the balance of the unpaid Rent and other charges agreed to be paid in this Sublease, lessamounts received in reletting; and (e) any other sum of money and damages owed by Sublessee to Sublessor. Unpaid installments of Rent or other sums will bear interest from the date due at the lesser rate of the amount provided for in Section 2.04 herein or the maximum allowed by law; or (ii) continue this Sublease in full force and effect and the Sublease will continue in effect as long as the Sublessor does not terminate the Sublessee's right to possession. Sublessor will have the right to collect Rent when due. During the period the Sublessee is in default, the Sublessor may enter the Premises and relet them, or any part of them, to third parties for credit to the Sublessee's account. The Sublessee will be liable immediately to the Sublessor for all costs the Sublessor incurs in reletting the Premises, including, without limitation, brokers' commissions, expenses of remodeling the Premises required by the reletting and all other like costs. Reletting may be for a period shorter or longer than the remaining term of this Sublease. The Sublessee will pay to the Sublessor the Rent due under this Sublease on the date the Rent is due less the rent the Sublessor receives from any reletting. No act by the Sublessor allowed by this paragraph will terminate this Sublease unless the Sublessor notifies the Sublessee in writing that the Sublessor elected to terminate this Sublease.



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Section 7.03. Remedies Cumulative, No Waiver; Consents, Mitigation of Damages . To the extent permitted by, and subject to the mandatory requirements of law, each and every right, power and remedy herein specifically given to Sublessor or otherwise in this Sublease shall be cumulative and shall be in addition to every other right, power and remedy herein specifically given or now or hereafter existing at law, in equity or by statute, and each and every right, power and remedy whether specifically herein given or otherwise existing may be exercised from time to time and as often and in such order as may be deemed expedient by Sublessor, and the exercise or the beginning of the exercise of any power or remedy shall not be construed to be a waiver of the right to exercise at the same time or thereafter any right, power or remedy. No delay or omission by Sublessor in the exercise of any right, power or remedy or in the pursuit of any remedy shall impair any such right, power or remedy or be construed to be a waiver of any default on the part of Sublessor or to be an acquiescence therein. Sublessor’s consent to any request made by Sublessee shall not be deemed to constitute or preclude the necessity for obtaining Sublessor’s consent, in the future, to all similar requests. No express or implied waiver by Sublessor of any event of default shall in any way be, or be construed to be, a waiver of any future or subsequent event of default. To the extent required by law, and only to such extent, Sublessor shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate any damages suffered by Sublessor that result from an event of default.


Section 7.04. Payment of Costs and Expenses .

(a)    Sublessee shall pay, upon demand, all of the Sublessor’s costs, charges and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees and fees of agents and others retained by Sublessor, incurred in successfully enforcing Sublessee’s obligations hereunder or incurred by Sublessor in any litigation, negotiation, reletting or transaction in which Sublessee causes Sublessor without Sublessor’s fault to become involved or concerned.
(b)    Sublessor shall pay, upon demand, all of the Sublessee’s costs, charges and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees and fees of agents and others retained by Sublessee, incurred in successfully enforcing Sublessor’s obligations hereunder or incurred by Sublessee in any litigation, negotiation, reletting or transaction in which Sublessor causes Sublessee without Sublessee's fault to become involved or concerned.
ARTICLE VIII
LOSS; DESTRUCTION, CONDEMNATION OR DAMAGE
8.01     Damage by Casualty; Restoration . If any building, fixture or other improvements now or hereafter situated on the Leased Premises (except moveable trade fixtures, furniture and furnishings) should at any time during the term of this Sublease be damaged or destroyed by fire or other casualty (a “Casualty”), the Sublessor shall restore and rebuild the same as nearly as possible to the condition they were in immediately prior to such damage or destruction, and such restoration and rebuilding, prosecuted with due diligence, shall be completed as soon as reasonably possible. Except as provided herein, no damage or destruction of the building or any of the fixtures or other property therein shall be grounds for the termination of this Sublease or relieve the Sublessee from

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any obligation created or imposed by the virtue of this Sublease, including, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Sublessee’s obligation to make payment of the rent and all other charges on the part of the Sublessee to be paid, and the Sublessee’s obligation to perform all other covenants and agreements on the part of the Sublessee to be performed (any laws of the state in which the Leased Premises is located to the contrary notwithstanding). If the proceeds of insurance are insufficient to pay the cost of repair, restoration, or rebuilding of the Leased Premises, Sublessee shall reimburse Sublessor for any deficiency required to be expended for such repair, restoration, or rebuilding. In the event any surplus of insurance moneys shall remain after repairs or replacement of said building shall have been made (and whether insurance proceeds shall, pursuant to the preceding provisions hereof, have been paid directly to Sublessor or Sublessor’s mortgagee), such excess shall forthwith be paid to and become the property of Sublessor.
In the event of any damage by Casualty, and except as otherwise provided herein, the terms of this Sublease shall be otherwise unaffected, and Sublessee shall remain and be continued liable for the payment of rent, real estate taxes and assessments, and other charges hereunder as though no Casualty had occurred. However, if the improvements on the Leased Premises are partially (to the extent of at least 25% of the replacement cost) or totally damaged or destroyed during the last five (5) years of the Sublease Term and Sublessor elects not to repair and restore such improvements, then, and in such event, this Sublease shall be deemed canceled and terminated as of the date of such damage or destruction on condition that Sublessor delivers to Sublessee a thirty (30) day notice of such election to cancel and terminate.
8.02     Condemnation. If the whole of the Leased Premises, or any substantial part of the Leased Premises which is sufficient to render the remaining portion thereof unsuitable for Sublessee’s continued use or occupancy in Sublessee’s business, is taken by any public authority under the power of eminent domain, or taken in any manner for any public or quasi-public use, so as to render the remaining portion of the Leased Premises unsuitable for the purposes intended hereunder, then the term of this Sublease shall cease as of the day possession shall be taken by such public authority and Sublessor shall make a pro rata refund of any prepaid rent. All damages awarded for such taking under the power of eminent domain or any like proceedings shall belong to and be the property of Sublessor, Sublessee hereby assigning to Sublessor Sublessee’s interest, if any, in said award; provided, however, that Sublessee shall be entitled to recover for any damages awarded for the taking of any leasehold improvements to the Leased Premises (including, but not limited to, personal property, trade fixtures and equipment) which were installed at Sublessee’s expense and which, pursuant to the terms of this Sublease, may be removed by the Sublessee at the end of the Sublease term.
ARTICLE IX
ASSIGNMENT, SUBLETTING; REQUIREMENT TO PURCHASE;
PURCHASE OPTION; SUBLESSOR'S MORTGAGE FINANCING

Section 9.01 Assignment; Subletting . Sublessee agrees to use and occupy the Leased Premises throughout the entire term hereof for the purpose or purposes herein specified and for no other purpose, in the manner and to substantially the extent now intended, and not to transfer or

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assign this Sublease, or any part thereof, whether by voluntary act, operation of law (such as by merger or consolidation), or otherwise, without obtaining the prior written consent of Sublessor in each instance. Sublessee shall seek such written consent of Sublessor by a written request therefor, setting forth such information as Sublessor may deem necessary. Sublessor agrees not to withhold consent unreasonably. Sublessee shall have the right to sublet the Leased Premises in whole or in part without the consent of Sublessor, provided that Sublessee shall remain primarily liable under this Sublease and Sublessee shall give Sublessor prompt written notice of any sublease.

Section 9.02 Standards . It will not be unreasonable for Sublessor to withhold consent if the reputation, financial responsibility, or business of any proposed assignee is not consonant with that of the Leased Premises. Sublessee's request for consent shall be in writing and contain the name, address, and description of business of the proposed assignee, its most recent financial statement and other evidence of financial responsibility, intended use of the Leased Premises, and the terms and conditions of the proposed assignment. Consent by Sublessor to any assignment of this Sublease shall not be a waiver of Sublessor's right under this Article as to any subsequent assignment. No such assignment or other transfer of this Sublease shall be effective unless the assignee or transferee shall, at the time of such assignment or transfer, assume in writing for the benefit of Sublessor, its successors or assigns, all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Sublease thereafter to be performed by Sublessee and shall agree in writing to be bound thereby. Upon any such assignment, Sublessor shall be relieved of all liability under this Sublease (or , in the case of partial assignment, with respect to the portion of Leased Premises as to which this Sublease is assigned) with respect to periods after the effective date of such assignment. Sublessor's rights to assign this Sublease are and shall remain unqualified.

Section 9.03. Requirement to Purchase . In the event any of the following occur without Sublessor’s prior written consent: ( i) the assignment by Sublessee of this Sublease to a parent, subsidiary, affiliate, or successor (by merger, consolidation, transfer of assets, assumption or otherwise) of Sublessee; (ii) the assignment by Sublessee of this Sublease to an entity which purchases substantially all of the interests in or assets of an operating division, group, or department of Sublessee, or which purchases the majority of Sublessee’s business as conducted in the Leased Premises; (iii) the transfer of a majority or controlling interest in Sublessee; (iv) the assignment of this Sublease to an entity or entities created by the division of Sublessee using the Leased Premises into one or more separate corporations, partnerships, or other entities; (v) the assignment of this Sublease in connection with the public offering of the stock of Sublessee, any affiliated or successor entity of Sublessee, or any entity created in connection with the "spin-off" of an operating division, group, or department of Lessee; or (vi) the transfer of all or substantially all of the interests or assets of Sublessee; then Sublessor, upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to Sublessee, may require Sublessee to terminate this Sublease, take assignment of Sublessor’s interest in the Ground Lease and a conveyance of all of Sublessor's interest in the Building and other improvements on the Property, and pay Sublessor the sum of $12,715,250 (“Purchase Price”), PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Purchase Price shall increase three percent (3%) every twelve months after the Commencement Date to the date of closing (i.e., with the first such increase occurring on the first anniversary of the Commencement Date and each subsequent increase occurring on an anniversary of the Commencement Date). Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sublessee's exercise of the purchase option pursuant to Section 9.04 shall pre-empt any required purchase pursuant to this Section 9.03, and in

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the event of any exercise of such purchase option by Sublessee, the provisions of Section 9.04 shall be controlling over the provisions of this Section 9.03.

9.04. Purchase Option . Sublessee shall have the option at any time after the thirty-sixth month after the Commencement Date, exercisable by delivery of written notice to Sublessor, to purchase Sublessor's interest in the Ground Lease and the Building and other improvements on the Property (including, without limitation, Sublessor's purchase option and first refusal rights under the Ground Lease) (i) for a purchase price of $12,715,250 PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Purchase Price shall increase three percent (3%) every twelve months after the forty-eighth month after the Commencement Date to the date of closing (i.e., with the first such increase occurring on the fourth anniversary of the Commencement Date and each subsequent increase occurring on an anniversary of the Commencement Date).

9.05. Purchase and Closing Procedures . The closing of a purchase pursuant to Section 9.03 shall take place on a date, mutually selected by Sublessor and Sublessee within forty-five (45) days following delivery of Sublessor's notice requiring such purchase; and the closing of a purchase pursuant to Section 9.04 shall take place on a date, mutually selected by Sublessor and Sublessee within one hundred twenty (120) days following Sublessee's delivery of its notice exercising the purchase option. Sublessor shall assign its interest in the Ground Lease by assignment instrument reasonably satisfactory to Sublessee and shall convey its interest in the Building and other improvements by special warranty deed, in each case free and clear of any encumbrances, covenants, easements or restrictions arising by, through or under Sublessor, unless at any time approved in writing by Sublessee. Sublessor shall pay the transfer tax. The parties shall split any closing or escrow fees equally. All other closing costs shall be paid by Sublessee.

9.06. Sublessor's Mortgage Financing .

(a)    Sublessor's initial mortgage financing for the construction of the Building and for the term loan to be in place at the Commencement Date shall conform to the parameters set forth in the "Initial Financing" section of Exhibit "C" attached hereto. Prior to the execution of this Sublease, Sublessor has delivered to Sublessee draft copies of all material documents relating such initial mortgage financing and Sublessor shall deliver to Sublessee copies of such initial financing documents when executed.

(b)    Any mortgage refinancing by Sublessor during the Primary Term of this Sublease shall conform to the parameters set forth in the "Refinancing" section of Exhibit "C" attached hereto. Any mortgage, trust deed or similar security instrument securing any refinancing by Sublessor, shall provide for a non-disturbance agreement satisfactory to Sublessee confirming the Sublessee's right to remain in possession of the Leased Premises pursuant to the terms of this Sublease notwithstanding a default under and foreclosure of such mortgage. Promptly when the same become available, Sublessor shall deliver to Sublessee draft copies of all material documents relating to any refinancing by Sublessor; and promptly upon their execution, Sublessor shall deliver to Sublessee true and correct copies of the executed original financing documents.

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ARTICLE XII
MISCELLANEOUS

Section 12.01. Binding Effect Successors and Assigns; Survival . The terms and provisions of this Sublease, and the respective rights and obligations hereunder of Sublessor and Sublessee, shall be binding upon their respective successors, legal representatives and assigns and inure to the benefit of their respective permitted successors and assigns. Sublessor may transfer and assign, in whole or in part, its rights and obligations in the Leased Premises that are the subject to this Sublease, in which case Sublessor shall have no further liability hereunder, provided that such transferee assumed the obligations, and further provided that written notice thereof is provided to Sublessee. In such event, the Sublessor will be and is entirely freed and relieved of all liability under any and all of its covenants and obligations contained in or derived from this Sublease arising out of any act, occurrence, or omission occurring after the consummation of such sale. The assignee will be deemed, without any further agreement between the parties or their successors in interest or between the parties and any such purchaser, to have assumed and agreed to carry out any and all of the covenants and obligations of the Sublessor under this Sublease.
Section 12.02. Notices . Unless otherwise specifically provided herein, all notices, consents, directions, approvals, instructions, requests and other communications required or permitted by the terms hereof to be given to any person shall be in writing sent to that person’s address listed below by (i) certified mail, return receipt requested, or (ii) by overnight service that provides evidence of delivery and if such notice is to the Sublessor its address below, and if different, to the last known post office address of the Sublessor where rent is then payable. From time to time any person may designate a new address for purposes of notice hereunder. All notices given hereunder shall be irrevocable unless expressly specified otherwise.
Sublessor’s Address:
105 S. 16 th Street, Ames, IA 50010
With a copy to:    Nyemaster Goode, P.C., ATTN: David Benson, 1416 Buckeye     Ave., Suite 200, Ames, IA 50010-8070    
Sublessee’s Address:     2900 University Blvd., Ames, IA 50010
With a copy to:
Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, ATTN: Michael F. Csar, 191 N. Wacker Dr., Suite 3700, Chicago, IL 60606
Section 12.03. Estoppel Letter . Sublessor and Sublessee agree that at any time within twenty (20) days following the request of the other, execute, acknowledge and deliver to the other party or its lender or successor or assignee of the other party, a statement (i) certifying that this Sublease is unmodified and in full force and effect (or, if there shall have been modifications, that the same is in full force and effect as modified and stating the modifications); (ii) stating the date to which the rent and other charges under this Sublease have been paid in advance, if any; (iii) certifying that “to the best of Sublessee’s or Sublessor’s knowledge” no defaults exist in the performance of any provision contained in this Sublease or specifying each such default, as well the nature of such

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claims, defenses, setoffs or counterclaims (“Estoppel Letter”); (iv) the outstanding balance on the obligations due pursuant to any mortgage; and (v) any other matters reasonably requested by the requesting party. Any Estoppel Letter delivered pursuant hereto may be relied upon by any prospective lender, successor or assign.
Section 12.04. Subordination . The rights and interests of Sublessee under this Sublease shall be subject and subordinate to any first mortgage that is currently or hereafter may be placed upon the Leased Premises by Sublessor, and to any and all advances to be made thereunder, and to the interest thereof, if the mortgagee named in said mortgage shall elect to subject and subordinate the rights and interest of Sublessee under this Sublease to the lien of its mortgage and shall agree to recognize this Sublease and the rights of Sublessee hereunder in the event of foreclosure if Sublessee is not in default (which agreement may, at such mortgagee's option, require attornment by Sublessee). Any such mortgagee may elect to give the rights and interest of Sublessee under this Sublease priority over the lien of its mortgage. In the event of such election and upon notification by such mortgagee to Sublessee to that effect, the rights and interest of Sublessee under this Sublease shall be deemed to be subordinate to, or have priority over, as the case may be, the lien of said mortgage, whether this Sublease is dated prior to or subsequent to the date of said mortgage. Sublessee shall execute and deliver whatever instruments may be required for such purposes.

Section 12.05 Financial Statements . Sublessee shall, from time to time, within ten (10) days after request of Sublessor, but not more than once annually, deliver to the Sublessor or Sublessor’s designee, current income and expense statements, balance sheets and tax returns of Sublessee; provided, however, it is agreed that Sublessee shall not be required to cause to be prepared and delivered its annual financial statements or tax returns for any year sooner than May 1 of the following year.
Section 12.06. Force Majeure . The time within which either party hereto shall be required to perform any act under this Lease, other than the payment of money, shall be extended by a period of time equal to the number of days during which performance of such act is delayed unavoidably by strikes, lockouts, acts of God, governmental restrictions, failure, or inability to secure materials or labor by reason of priority or similar regulation or order of any governmental or regulatory body, enemy action, civil disturbance, fire, unavoidable casualties, or any other cause beyond the reasonable control of either party hereto, excluding, however, the inability or failure of either party to obtain any financing which may be necessary to carry out its obligations ("Force Majeure Delays"). Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless the party entitled to such extension shall give notice to the other party hereto of its claim to such extension within five (5) business days after the event giving rise to such claim shall have occurred, there shall be excluded in computing the number of days by which the time for performance of the act in question shall be extended, the number of days which shall have elapsed between the occurrence of such event and the actual giving of such notice.
Section 12.07. Severability . Any provision of this Sublease that shall be prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction, and each party hereto shall remain liable to perform its obligation

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hereunder except to the extent of such unenforceability. To the extent permitted by applicable law, Sublessee and Sublessor hereby waive any provision of law that renders any provision hereof prohibited or unenforceable in any respect.
Section 12.08. Amendment; Complete Agreement . Neither this Sublease nor any of the terms hereof may be terminated, amended, supplemented, waived or modified orally, but may be terminated, amended, supplemented, waived or modified only by an instrument in writing signed by both parties. This Sublease is intended by the parties as a final expression of their lease agreement and as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms thereof, all negotiations, considerations and representations between the parties having been incorporated herein.
Section 12.09. Headings . The headings of the various Articles and Sections of this Sublease are for convenience of reference only and shall not modify, define or limit any of the terms or provisions hereof.
Section 12.10. Counterparts . This Sublease may be executed by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
Section 12.11. Governing Law . This Sublease shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Iowa.
SUBLESSOR AND SUBLESSEE HEREBY SUBMIT TO EXCLUSIVE PERSONAL JURISDICTION IN THE STATE OF IOWA AND THE STATE COURTS THEREOF FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF SUCH PERSON’S OBLIGATIONS HEREUNDER AND WAIVE ANY AND ALL PERSONAL RIGHTS UNDER THE LAW OF ANY OTHER STATE TO OBJECT TO JURISDICTION WITHIN SUCH STATE FOR THE PURPOSES OF SUCH ACTION, SUIT, PROCEEDING OR LITIGATION TO ENFORCE SUCH OBLIGATIONS OF SUBLESSEE OR SUBLESSOR. SUBLESSOR AND SUBLESSEE HEREBY WAIVE AND AGREE NOT TO ASSERT, AS A DEFENSE IN ANY ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS SUBLEASE (A) THAT IT IS NOT SUBJECT TO SUCH JURISDICTION OR THAT SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING MAY NOT BE BROUGHT OR IS NOT MAINTAINABLE IN THOSE COURTS OR THAT IT IS EXEMPT OR IMMUNE FROM EXECUTION, (B) THAT THE ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR (C) THAT THE VENUE OF THE ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. IN THE EVENT ANY SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING OR LITIGATION IS COMMENCED, SUBLESSOR AND SUBLESSEE AGREE THAT SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE, AND PERSONAL JURISDICTION OVER SUCH SUBLESSOR AND SUBLESSEE OBTAINED, BY SERVICE OF A COPY OF THE SUMMONS, COMPLAINT AND OTHER PLEADINGS REQUIRED TO COMMENCE SUCH LITIGATION BY CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED UPON SUCH SUBLESSOR AND SUBLESSEE AT THE ADDRESS FOR NOTICE TO SUCH PERSON IN THIS SUBLEASE OR BY SERVICE BY A PRIVATE PROCESS SERVER OR BY PUBLICATION IF ALLOWED BY IOWA LAW. SUBLESSEE AND SUBLESSOR EACH HEREBY EXPRESSLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHTS TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATED TO THE ENFORCEMENT OF THIS SUBLEASE.

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Section 12.12. Holding Over . Sublessee covenants that if for any reason Sublessee shall fail to vacate and surrender possession of the Leased Premises or any part thereof on or before the expiration or earlier termination of this Sublease, then Sublessee’s continued possession of the Leased Premises shall be as a Sublessee at sufferance, during which time, without prejudice and in addition to any other rights and remedies Sublessor may have hereunder or at law, Sublessee shall pay to Sublessor an amount equal to: (a) one hundred twenty-five percent (125%) of the Base Rent plus one hundred percent of all other rent payable hereunder immediately prior to such termination for the first sixty (60) days during which Sublessee holds over, and (b) one hundred fifty percent (150%) of the Base Rent and one hundred percent of all other rent thereafter.
Section 12.13. Time of the Essence . All time for payments and performance herein are of the essence of this Sublease.
Section 12.14. Interpretation . The parties acknowledge that each party and its legal counsel have reviewed this Sublease and that the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of this Sublease or any amendments or exhibits hereto.
Section 12.15. Consent . Whenever the consent of either party is required hereunder, such consent shall, unless expressly provided otherwise herein, not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed and shall be deemed granted unless, within fifteen (15) business days after receipt of the request the other party gives notice of disapproval specifying the reason or all reasons therefore and any corrective action which may be required.
Section 12.16. Waiver . Sublessor hereby waives any claims it may have as a Sublessor under Iowa law to a Sublessor’s lien against the improvements or property of the Sublessee; provided, however, nothing in this Section shall be deemed to be a waiver of any other remedies available to Sublessor under this Sublease.
Section 12.17. Authority . The persons executing the Sublease for the Sublessor and Sublessee have the authority to bind such party.
Section 12.18. Memorandum of Sublease . Sublessor and Sublessee shall execute and cause to be recorded a Memorandum of Sublease in form reasonable satisfactory to both parties. Said Memorandum of Sublease shall refer to the Primary Term of this Sublease, Sublessee's right to extend to the term of this Sublease, Sublessee's purchase option, and the subordination, non-disturbance and attornment provisions hereof with regard to any mortgage financing by Sublessor; but said Memorandum of Sublease shall not disclose the rent or other economic terms of this Sublease.
    

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Sublessor and Sublessee have duly authorized, executed and delivered this Sublease as of the date first hereinabove set forth.

SUBLESSOR:
2900 UNIVERSITY, LLC

By:      /s/ Dean Hunziker_______________
    
Name: Dean Hunziker
    
Title: Manager and Sole Member

SUBLESSEE:
WEBFILINGS LLC

By:      /s/ Matthew Rizai___
    
Name: Matthew Rizai

Title: CEO and Managing Director

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EXHIBIT A
LEGAL DESCRIPTION
Lots 13, 14 and 15, Iowa State University Research Park Third Addition to Ames, Story County, Iowa.

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EXHIBIT B-I
SUBLESSOR’S IMPROVEMENTS
Sublessor and Sublessee have entered into a Sublease (the "Sublease") covering certain premises (the “Leased Premises") more particularly described in the Sublease. All terms not defined herein have the same meaning as set forth in the Sublease. To the extent applicable, the provisions of the Sublease are incorporated herein by this reference.
1. LEASED PREMISES . As used in this Work Letter Agreement, the term "Leased Premises" shall mean the office building to be constructed by Sublessor in accordance with the plans and specifications described in Exhibit "B-II" to the Sublease (collectively, the "Building Plans"), which Building Plans have been approved by Sublessor and Sublessee. Sublessor and Sublessee have also approved the budget for the construction and development of the Leased Premises (the "Project Budget") attached as Exhibit "B-III" to the Sublease. The Leased Premises, when completed, shall be the sole property of Sublessor.
2. CONSTRUCTION REPRESENTATIVES . Sublessor hereby appoints the following person(s) as Sublessor's representative ("Sublessor's Representative") to act for Sublessor in all matters covered by this Exhibit B-I: Dean Hunziker.
Sublessee hereby appoints the following person(s) as Sublessee's representative ("Sublessee's Representative") to act for Sublessee in all matters covered by this Exhibit B-I: Matthew Rizai.
All communications with respect to the matters covered by this Exhibit B-I are to be made to Sublessor's Representative or Sublessee's Representative, as the case may be, in writing in compliance with the notice provisions of the Sublease. Either party may change its representative under this Exhibit B-I at any time by written notice to the other party in compliance with the notice provisions of the Sublease.
3. PAYMENT FOR THE LEASED PREMISES
(a) Allowance . Sublessor hereby grants to Sublessee a total improvement allowance (“Improvement Allowance”) of Eleven Million, Eight Hundred Thirty-Two Thousand, Four Hundred Dollars ($11,832,400.00) for construction of the Leased Premises in accordance with the Building Plans. All costs for the development and construction of the Leased Premises in excess of the Improvement Allowance (excluding, however, any costs resulting from the default or wrongful or negligent act of Sublessor with regard to such construction project) shall be the responsibility of Sublessee ("Tenant's Payment Obligation"). Sublessee shall pay Sublessee’s Payment Obligation, as additional rent, as such sums become due and payable. In addition, Sublessee shall be responsible for all construction interest accruing after the fourteenth month of the construction loan term, except to the extent (i) construction loan funds are available to cover such interest or (ii) substantial completion of the Leased Premises is delayed due to the act or fault of Sublessor.
(b) Changes . If Sublessee requires any changes or substitutions to the Building Plans, any additional costs related thereto including reasonable fees for the contractor are to be paid by Sublessee to Sublessor prior to the Commencement Date. Any changes to the Building Plans will be approved by the Sublessor and Sublessee. Sublessor will not unreasonably withhold approval of Sublessee's request for a change to the Building Plans.

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(c) Unused Allowance Amounts . Any unused portion of the Improvement Allowance upon completion of the Leased Premises will be available to Sublessee as a credit against Sublessee's rental obligations under the Sublease.
4. CONSTRUCTION OF LEASED PREMISES. Sublessor's contractor will commence and diligently proceed with the construction of the Leased Premises. Subject to Sublessee Delays (as described in Paragraph 6 below) and Force Majeure Delays (as described in Paragraph 7 below), the Leased Premises shall be substantially completed (defined below) by January 1, 2013.
5. COMMENCEMENT DATE AND SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION
(a) Commencement Date . The Term of the Sublease will commence on the date (the "Commencement Date") which is the earlier of: (i) the date Sublessee or any lessee of Sublessee moves into the Premises to commence operation of its business in all or any portion of the Leased Premises; or (ii) the date the Leased Premises have been "substantially completed" (as defined below); provided, however, that if substantial completion of the Leased Premises is delayed as a result of any Sublessee Delays described in Paragraph 6 below, then the Commencement Date as would otherwise have been established pursuant to this Subparagraph 5(a) will be accelerated by the number of days of such Sublessee Delays.
(b) Substantial Completion; Punch-List . For purposes of Subparagraph 5(a) above, the Leased Premises will be deemed to be "substantially completed" when Sublessor's contractor certifies in writing to Sublessor and Sublessee that Sublessor: (a) is able to provide Sublessee with reasonable access to the Leased Premises; (b) has substantially completed the Leased Premises, other than decoration and minor "punch-list" type items and adjustments which do not materially interfere with Sublessee's access to or use of the applicable portion of the Leased Premises; and (c) has obtained a temporary certificate of occupancy or other required equivalent approval from the local governmental authority permitting occupancy of the Leased Premises. Upon receipt of such certificate from Sublessor's contractor, Sublessee will conduct a walk-through inspection of the Leased Premises with Sublessor to develop with Sublessor a written punch-list specifying those decoration and other punch-list items which require completion, which items Sublessor will thereafter diligently complete.
(c) Delivery of Possession . Sublessor agrees to deliver possession of the Leased Premises to Sublessee when the Leased Premises have been substantially completed in accordance with Subparagraph (b) above.
6. SUBLESSEE DELAYS. For purposes of this Exhibit B-I, "Sublessee Delays" means any delay in the completion of the Leased Premises resulting from any or all of the following: (a) Sublessee's failure to timely perform any of its obligations pursuant to the Sublease (including this Exhibit B-I); (b) Sublessee's changes to the Building Plans after Sublessor's approval thereof; (c) Sublessee's request for materials, finishes, or installations which are not readily available; (d) any delay of Sublessee in making payment to Sublessor; or (e) any other act or failure to act by Sublessee, Sublessee's employees, agents, architects, independent contractors, consultants and/or any other person performing or required to perform services on behalf of Sublessee.
7. FORCE MAJEURE DELAYS. For purposes of this Work Letter, "Force Majeure Delays" means any actual delay in the construction of the Leased Premises, which is beyond the reasonable control of Sublessor or Sublessee, as the case may be, as described in Section 12.06 of the Sublease.

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EXHIBIT B-II

BUILDING PLANS










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EXHIBIT B-III

PROJECT BUDGET










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EXHIBIT C
SUBLESSOR'S FINANCING PARAMETERS

Initial Financing

Principal Amount:     Not to exceed $9,750,000

Term:
Following construction loan term, a 5-year permanent loan term with a 25‑year amortization.

Interest Rate:         Prime plus 1% for permanent loan.
            


Refinancing :
1. Any refinancing shall be in an amount not greater than the then outstanding principal amount of the loan to be refinanced.
2. Debt service shall be calculated with an amortization schedule not shorter than 25 years to the extent that such financing is available on commercially reasonable terms consistent with the then applicable financing market, and otherwise on such amortization schedule as long as is available on commercially reasonable terms in such market.
3. In any case, the loan terms, including interest rate and term, shall be on commercially reasonably terms consistent with the then applicable financing market.
4. Sublessor shall discuss potential available alternative financing terms in advance with Sublessee.


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FIRST AMENDMENT TO SUBLEASE AGREEMENT

THIS FIRST AMENDMENT TO SUBBLEASE GREEMENT (hereinafter called “First Amendment”) is executed effective as of the 2nd day of October, 2013, by and between 2900 University, LLC, an Iowa limited liability company (hereinafter called “Sublessor”) and WebFilings, LLC, a California limited liability company (hereinafter called “Sublessee”).
WHEREAS, Sublessor and Sublessee have entered into a Sublease dated December 19, 2011 (the “Sublease”) pertaining to the Leased Premises described in Exhibit A of the Sublease located in Ames, Story County, Iowa; and
WHEREAS, Sublessor and Sublessee desire to amend the Lease as provided herein for the purpose of recognizing the additional building being constructed on a portion of the Leased Premises (the “Phase 2 Building”), and to include additional land in the Leased Premises to facilitate parking lot improvements serving the Phase 2 Building (together the “Phase 2 Project”).
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and of further valuable consideration the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, Sublessor and Sublessee hereby agree to amend the Lease as follows:
1.
Whereas Paragraphs and Lease Definitions Incorporated . The Whereas paragraphs above are incorporated in this First Amendment as if fully set forth herein, and all capitalized terms herein, unless otherwise defined herein, shall have the meaning given to them in the Lease.
2.
Modification of Legal Description of Leased Premises .  The legal description of the Leased Premises, as set forth in Exhibit A to the Lease and referenced in Section 1.01 of the Lease, shall be amended to be the legal description set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto, with the portion of such expanded Leased Premises legal description consisting of Lots 10, 11 and 12 of Iowa State University Research Park Third Addition being referred to separately in this First Amendment as the “Additional Land.”
3.
Contingencies to the Effectiveness of this First Amendment .  The effectiveness of the terms of this First Amendment, and the Sublessor’s and Sublessee’s obligations hereunder, shall be subject to either the satisfaction or waiver by Sublessor and Sublessee within the next sixty (60) days from the date hereof (“Contingency Date”) of all of the following conditions (the “Contingencies”):
a.      Sublessor entering into a binding ground lease amendment with Iowa State University Research Park ("ISURP") demising the Additional Land and on terms acceptable to Sublessor and Sublessee (the “Ground Lease Amendment”) and all contingencies to the effectiveness of the Ground Lease Amendment being satisfied or waived.

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b.      Sublessor’s attorneys shall have reviewed and approved an abstract or abstracts of title to the Leased Premises, including for the Additional Land, showing good and marketable record title to the Leased Premises in accordance with Iowa law and the Title Standards of the Iowa State Bar Association in ISURP, subject only to exceptions of title not disapproved by Sublessor.

c.      Sublessor having obtained, at Sublessor’s expense, a survey of the Leased Premises.

d.      Execution of any additional documentation required by Sublessor’s mortgagee to evidence the subordination by the Iowa State University Foundation (the "Foundation") of its mortgagee interest in the real estate to this Sublease and to Sublessor’s mortgagee, and the subordination of the ownership interest of ISURP in the real estate to the Sublessor’s mortgagee.

e.      Sublessor, with Sublessee’s assistance but at Sublessor’s expense, being able to obtain the approval of all public and governmental authorities to all matters for the construction and operation of the improvements in accordance with the Building Plans (as defined in Exhibit "B"), including, but not limited to, zoning, subdivision replatting, special use permits, building permits, sign permits or similar requirements in accordance with the Building Plans and the intended use of the Leased Premises.

f.      Sublessor closing a loan, in a principal amount and on terms consistent with the parameters described in Exhibit C attached hereto, for the construction costs of the intended improvements in accordance with the Building Plans, upon terms acceptable to Sublessor, and review and approval by the lender and the parties hereto and by any other necessary parties of any documentation required by the lender to further secure its loan to Sublessor and/or to evidence the subordination of any third party interest in the real estate to this Sublease and to the lender’s mortgage (“Sublessor’s Additional Note and Mortgage”).

g.      Execution by ISURP of an amendment to its existing non-disturbance agreement with Sublessee, satisfactory to Sublessee (or inclusion of such agreement in the Ground Lease Amendment), confirming Sublessee’s right to remain in possession of the Leased Premises (including the Additional Land) pursuant to the terms of the Sublease (but with rental equivalent to the rental payable under the Ground Lease and subject to such other modifications may be agreed between Sublessee and the Ground Lessor) notwithstanding a default by Sublessor under the Ground Lease or a termination of the Ground Lease, so long as Sublessee is not then in default under the Sublease and agrees to attorn to the Ground Lessor.

h.      Execution by the Foundation of additional documentation satisfactory to Sublessee confirming the Sublessee’s right to remain in possession of the Leased Premises pursuant to the terms of the Sublease notwithstanding any default by ISURP under the mortgage held by the Foundation.

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i.      Execution by Sublessor’s mortgagee under Sublessor’s Additional Note and Mortgage of a non-disturbance agreement satisfactory to Sublessee confirming Sublessee’s right to remain in possession of the Leased Premises pursuant to the terms of the Sublease notwithstanding default under and/or foreclosure of Sublessor’s Additional Note and Mortgage.

In the event each of the foregoing Contingencies is not timely satisfied or waived by Sublessor or Sublessee on or before the Contingency Date, either party shall have the right to terminate this First Amendment by delivering written notice to the other on or before the Contingency Date (the “Termination Notice”) and in such event this First Amendment shall terminate and both parties shall be relieved of all obligations hereunder except that Sublessee shall be obligated to repair any and all damage caused to the Leased Premises by Sublessee, including, but not limited to, the filling of all holes made by or on behalf of Sublessee, and the Sublessee shall still be obligated to perform under the Lease as it existed before the execution of this First Amendment. In the event Sublessee notifies Sublessor in writing prior to the Contingency Date that all Contingencies have been satisfied or are being waived by Sublessee (the “Contingency Satisfaction Notice”) or in the event Sublessee does not give Sublessor either the Contingency Satisfaction Notice or the Termination Notice, as provided above, prior to the Contingency Date, this First Amendment shall be fully binding on Sublessor and Sublessee (the “Effective Date”) on the earlier of (i) the date that Sublessee gives Sublessor the Contingency Satisfaction Notice or (ii) the Contingency Date, and from and after such Effective Date Sublessee shall be responsible for performance of all Sublessee obligations under this Lease as to the Additional Land portion of the Leased Premises other than payment of (i) the Base Additional Rent as defined below, (ii) Additional Base Rent as defined below, (iii) monthly payments of principal and interest under Sublessor’s Additional Note and Mortgage, and (iv) payments of real estate taxes in respect of the Additional Land. Except as otherwise provided for herein, payment of Base Additional Rent (defined below), Additional Base Rent (defined in the Ground Lease Amendment), monthly payments of principal and interest under Sublessor’s Additional Note and Mortgage, and real estate taxes in respect of the Additional Land shall commence on the date of substantial completion of the Phase 2 Project when the term of the Phase 2 Sublease commences (the “Additional Rent Commencement Date”).
4.      Consent . Pursuant to Section 1.05 of the Ground Lease, Sublessee hereby consents to Sublessor entering into the Ground Lease Amendment.
5.      Construction of Phase 2 Project. Sublessor shall cause the Phase 2 Project to be constructed in accordance with the provisions of Exhibit "B-I" attached hereto. Sublessor further agrees to cause the Phase 2 Project to be constructed in a good and workmanlike manner and in compliance with all applicable ordinances, statutes, rules and regulations of all city, county, political subdivisions or other governmental authority having jurisdiction to regulate or supervise the Phase 2 Project or the specifications, design, engineering, construction and improvements of the Phase 2 Project, and also in compliance with the design, design approval and development and construction requirements of the recorded Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions for the Iowa State University

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Research Park. Sublessor (subject to Sublessee's payment of "Tenant's Payment Obligation" as defined in Exhibit “B-I”) shall deliver the completed Phase 2 Project free of all mechanic's liens, other liens and claims for liens for work performed or materials supplied by any contractor, subcontractor, materialman or supplier and shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless Sublessee, and protect the Leased Premises, from and against any and all loss, liability or damage for or on account of any such claims or liens arising from or in connection with the construction of the Phase 2 Project. Sublessor shall assign to Sublessee all construction and equipment warranties relating to the Phase 2 Project and shall obtain the consent of the contractor and other providers of warranties to such assignment. The “Phase 2 Commencement Date” shall commence on the date on which the Sublessor tenders possession of the Phase 2 Project to the Sublessee with Sublessor’s Improvements (as defined in Exhibit B-I) substantially complete (as defined in Exhibit B-1). It is anticipated that the Phase 2 Commencement Date will be on or about June 1, 2014. In the event Sublessor has not tendered possession of the Phase 2 Project to Sublessee by June 1, 2014, Sublessee’s sole remedy shall be abatement of Rent. Sublessee and Sublessor agree to execute a Certificate which shall certify that Sublessee has accepted the Phase 2 Project in compliance with the terms of this First Amendment and setting forth the Phase 2 Commencement Date.
6.
Additional Base Rent .  Section 2.02 of the Lease relating to Rental shall be modified to include the following additional subsections d and e:
(d)    Beginning on the Phase 2 Commencement Date, base additional rent shall be $363,500.00 per year (the “Base Additional Rent”), payable monthly, in advance, in equal amounts of $30,291.67, and continuing on the first day of each and every month thereafter for the next succeeding months during the balance of the term, without notice, setoff or demand. Base Additional Rent for any period during the term hereof which is for less than one (1) month will be a prorated portion of the monthly installment due based upon a thirty (30) day month.
(e)    Beginning on the Phase 2 Commencement Date, Sublessee shall also pay to Sublessor, in advance, all scheduled monthly payments of principal and interest under Sublessor’s Additional Note and Mortgage (and any refinancing thereof); provided that such payment terms are consistent with the parameters set forth in Exhibit "C". Sublessor shall, at its option, direct Sublessee to make such payments directly to Sublessor’s lender, and in such event, Sublessee shall also be responsible for any late fees or interest attributable to any late payment by Sublessee. Except as otherwise provided for herein, Sublessee shall not be liable for the payment of the outstanding principal of Sublessor's mortgage financing whether at maturity or upon acceleration thereof.
7.      Additional Base Rent . Beginning on the Phase 2 Commencement Date, Sublessee shall pay all Additional Base Rent (as defined in the Ground Lease Amendment) that Sublessor is obligated to pay under the Ground Lease Amendment in respect of the Additional Land.
8.      Real Estate Taxes on Additional Land .   Commencing as of the Phase 2 Commencement Date, Sublessee shall pay all real estate taxes on the Additional Land and Phase 2 Project that Sublessor is obligated to pay under the Ground Lease Amendment, including those real

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estate taxes which are due and payable after the expiration date of the Lease but which are attributable to the period of time this Lease was in effect.
9.      Special Assessments on Additional Land .  Sublessee shall pay all installments of special assessments levied or assessed against the Additional Land that Sublessor is obligated to pay under the Ground Lease Amendment, including items such as paving, sanitary or storm sewer construction or other similar assessable public improvements which become due and payable in installments during the term of the Lease or any extension.
10.
Relationship of Defined Terms and Provisions in Lease and this First Amendment .  
a.      Upon the Effective Date of this First Amendment, references in the Lease to “Commencement Date” and “Rent Commencement Date” shall be read, as to the Additional Land, as references to the Additional Rent Commencement Date.
b.      Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, as of the Effective Date of this First Amendment, references in the Lease to the “Leased Premises” shall include the “Additional Land,” references to “Building” shall include the “Phase 2 Building,” references to “Sublease” shall include this First Amendment and references to “Development Plans” shall include the “Phase 2 Development Plans.”
c.      Except as otherwise provided herein, all Sections and provisions of the Lease, shall be read as applicable to the Phase 2 Project as if fully set forth herein.
11.      Sections 9.03, 9.04 and 9.05 . Sections 9.03, 9.04 and 9.05 of the Sublease are hereby stricken and replaced with the following:
Section 9.03. Requirement to Purchase . In the event any of the following occur without Sublessor’s prior written consent: ( i) the assignment by Sublessee of this Sublease to a parent, subsidiary, affiliate, or successor (by merger, consolidation, transfer of assets, assumption or otherwise) of Sublessee; (ii) the assignment by Sublessee of this Sublease to an entity which purchases substantially all of the interests in or assets of an operating division, group, or department of Sublessee, or which purchases the majority of Sublessee’s business as conducted in the Leased Premises; (iii) the transfer of a majority or controlling interest in Sublessee; (iv) the assignment of this Sublease to an entity or entities created by the division of Sublessee using the Leased Premises into one or more separate corporations, partnerships, or other entities; (v) the assignment of this Sublease in connection with the public offering of the stock of Sublessee, any affiliated or successor entity of Sublessee, or any entity created in connection with the "spin-off" of an operating division, group, or department of Lessee; or (vi) the transfer of all or substantially all of the interests or assets of Sublessee; then Sublessor, upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to Sublessee, may require Sublessee to terminate this Sublease, take assignment of Sublessor’s interest in the Ground Lease and a conveyance of all of Sublessor's interest in the Building, the Phase 2 Building, and other improvements on the Property, and pay Sublessor the sum of $24,294,415.00 (“Purchase Price”), PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Purchase Price shall increase three percent (3%) every twelve months after the

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Commencement Date to the date of closing (i.e., with the first such increase occurring on the first anniversary of the Commencement Date and each subsequent increase occurring on an anniversary of the Commencement Date). Notwithstanding the foregoing, Sublessee's exercise of the purchase option pursuant to Section 9.04 shall pre-empt any required purchase pursuant to this Section 9.03, and in the event of any exercise of such purchase option by Sublessee, the provisions of Section 9.04 shall be controlling over the provisions of this Section 9.03.
9.04. Purchase Option . Sublessee shall have the option at any time after the thirty-sixth month after the Phase 2 Commencement Date, exercisable by delivery of written notice to Sublessor, to purchase Sublessor's interest in the Ground Lease, the Building, the Phase 2 Building and other improvements on the Property (including, without limitation, Sublessor's purchase option and first refusal rights under the Ground Lease) (i) for a purchase price of $24,294,415.00 PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Purchase Price shall increase three percent (3%) every twelve months after the forty-eighth month after the Commencement Date to the date of closing (i.e., with the first such increase occurring on the fourth anniversary of the Commencement Date and each subsequent increase occurring on an anniversary of the Commencement Date).
9.05. Purchase and Closing Procedures . The closing of a purchase pursuant to Section 9.03 shall take place on a date, mutually selected by Sublessor and Sublessee within forty-five (45) days following delivery of Sublessor's notice requiring such purchase; and the closing of a purchase pursuant to Section 9.04 shall take place on a date, mutually selected by Sublessor and Sublessee within one hundred twenty (120) days following Sublessee's delivery of its notice exercising the purchase option. Sublessor shall assign its interest in the Ground Lease by assignment instrument reasonably satisfactory to Sublessee and shall convey its interest in the Building and other improvements by special warranty deed, in each case free and clear of any encumbrances, covenants, easements or restrictions arising by, through or under Sublessor, unless at any time approved in writing by Sublessee. Sublessor shall pay the transfer tax. The parties shall split any closing or escrow fees equally. All other closing costs shall be paid by Sublessee.
12.      Memorandum of First Amendment .  A Memorandum of this First Amendment shall be recorded in the Office of the Story County Iowa Recorder. The Memorandum of this First Amendment shall describe the parties, the Additional Land and other relevant provisions and incorporate the Sublease by reference, but not the financial terms of the Sublease or of this First Amendment.
13.      Provisions of Lease Remain In Effect .  Except as modified hereby, all the terms and provisions of the Sublease shall remain unchanged and in full force and effect.
[Remainder of this page intentionally left blank]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this First Amendment to be executed as of the date first above written.
SUBLESSOR:
2900 UNIVERSITY, LLC
By:      /s/ Dean Hunziker_______________
    
Name: Dean Hunziker
    
Title: Manager

SUBLESSEE:
WEBFILINGS LLC
By:      /s/ Matthew Rizai___
    
Name: Matthew Rizai
    
Title: CEO and Managing Director


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EXHIBIT A
LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF LEASED PREMISES

Parcel B as shown on the Plat of Survey recorded March 4, 2013 as Instrument Number 2013-00002458 in the Story County, Iowa Recorder’s Office and containing 26.69 acres (1,162,309 S.F.), more fully described as:

Parcel “A” as shown on the Plat of Survey recorded November 15, 2011 as Instrument No. 11-11385 in the office of the Story County, Iowa Recorder’s Office and Lots Ten (10), Eleven (11) and Twelve (12) of Iowa State University Research Park Third Addition, being an Official Plat in the City of Ames, Story County, Iowa.



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EXHIBIT B-I
SUBLESSOR’S IMPROVEMENTS
Sublessor and Sublessee have entered into a First Amendment to Sublease (the "First Amendment") covering certain premises (the “Phase 2 Project ") more particularly described in the First Amendment. All terms not defined herein have the same meaning as set forth in the Sublease. To the extent applicable, the provisions of the Sublease are incorporated herein by this reference.
1. LEASED PREMISES . As used in this Work Letter Agreement, the term "Phase 2 Project" shall mean the office building, together with related parking lot improvements, to be constructed by Sublessor in accordance with the plans and specifications described in Exhibit "B-II" to the Sublease (collectively, the "Building Plans"), which Building Plans have been approved by Sublessor and Sublessee. Sublessor and Sublessee have also approved the budget for the construction and development of the Phase 2 Project (the "Project Budget") attached as Exhibit "B-III" to the First Amendment. The Phase 2 Project, when completed, shall be the sole property of Sublessor.
2. CONSTRUCTION REPRESENTATIVES . Sublessor hereby appoints the following person(s) as Sublessor's representative ("Sublessor's Representative") to act for Sublessor in all matters covered by this Exhibit B-I: Dean Hunziker.
Sublessee hereby appoints the following person(s) as Sublessee's representative ("Sublessee's Representative") to act for Sublessee in all matters covered by this Exhibit B-I: Matthew Rizai.
All communications with respect to the matters covered by this Exhibit B-I are to be made to Sublessor's Representative or Sublessee's Representative, as the case may be, in writing in compliance with the notice provisions of the Sublease. Either party may change its representative under this Exhibit B-I at any time by written notice to the other party in compliance with the notice provisions of the Sublease.
3. PAYMENT FOR THE LEASED PREMISES
(a) Allowance . Sublessor hereby grants to Sublessee a total improvement allowance (“Improvement Allowance”) of $10,763,915.00 for construction of the Phase 2 Project in accordance with the Building Plans. All costs for the development and construction of the Leased Premises in excess of the Improvement Allowance (excluding, however, any costs resulting from the default or wrongful or negligent act of Sublessor with regard to such construction project) shall be the responsibility of Sublessee ("Tenant's Payment Obligation"). Sublessee shall pay Tenant’s Payment Obligation, as additional rent, as such sums become due and payable. In addition, Sublessee shall be responsible for all construction interest accruing after June 1, 2014, except to the extent that substantial completion of the Phase 2 Project is delayed due to the act or fault of Sublessor.
(b) Changes . If Sublessee requires any changes or substitutions to the Building Plans, any additional costs related thereto including reasonable fees for the contractor are to be paid by Sublessee to Sublessor prior to the Commencement Date. Any changes to the Building Plans will be approved by the Sublessor and Sublessee. Sublessor will not unreasonably withhold approval of Sublessee's request for a change to the Building Plans.
(c) Unused Allowance Amounts . Any unused portion of the Improvement Allowance upon completion of the Leased Premises will be available to Sublessee as a credit against Sublessee's rental obligations under the Sublease.

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4. CONSTRUCTION OF LEASED PREMISES. Sublessor's contractor will commence and diligently proceed with the construction of the Phase 2 Project. Subject to Sublessee Delays (as described in Paragraph 6 below) and Force Majeure Delays (as described in Paragraph 7 below), the Phase 2 Project shall be substantially completed (defined below) by June 1, 2014.
5. COMMENCEMENT DATE AND SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION
(a) Commencement Date . The “Phase 2 Commencement Date” will be the date which is the earlier of: (i) the date Sublessee or any lessee of Sublessee moves into the Phase 2 Project to commence operation of its business in all or any portion of the Phase 2 Project; or (ii) the date the Phase 2 Project has been "substantially completed" (as defined below); provided, however, that if substantial completion of the Phase 2 Project is delayed as a result of any Sublessee Delays described in Paragraph 6 below, then the Commencement Date as would otherwise have been established pursuant to this Subparagraph 5(a) will be accelerated by the number of days of such Sublessee Delays.
(b) Substantial Completion; Punch-List . For purposes of Subparagraph 5(a) above, the Phase 2 Project will be deemed to be "substantially completed" when Sublessor's contractor certifies in writing to Sublessor and Sublessee that Sublessor: (a) is able to provide Sublessee with reasonable access to the Phase 2 Project; (b) has substantially completed the Phase 2 Project, other than decoration and minor "punch-list" type items and adjustments which do not materially interfere with Sublessee's access to or use of the applicable portion of the Phase 2 Project; and (c) has obtained a temporary certificate of occupancy or other required equivalent approval from the local governmental authority permitting occupancy of the Phase 2 Project. Upon receipt of such certificate from Sublessor's contractor, Sublessee will conduct a walk-through inspection of the Phase 2 Project with Sublessor to develop with Sublessor a written punch-list specifying those decoration and other punch-list items which require completion, which items Sublessor will thereafter diligently complete.
(c) Delivery of Possession . Sublessor agrees to deliver possession of the Phase 2 Project to Sublessee when the Leased Premises have been substantially completed in accordance with Subparagraph (b) above.
6. SUBLESSEE DELAYS. For purposes of this Exhibit B-I, "Sublessee Delays" means any delay in the completion of the Phase 2 Project resulting from any or all of the following: (a) Sublessee's failure to timely perform any of its obligations pursuant to the First Amendment or Sublease (including this Exhibit B-I); (b) Sublessee's changes to the Building Plans after Sublessor's approval thereof; (c) Sublessee's request for materials, finishes, or installations which are not readily available; (d) any delay of Sublessee in making payment to Sublessor; or (e) any other act or failure to act by Sublessee, Sublessee's employees, agents, architects, independent contractors, consultants and/or any other person performing or required to perform services on behalf of Sublessee.
7. FORCE MAJEURE DELAYS. For purposes of this Work Letter, "Force Majeure Delays" means any actual delay in the construction of the Phase 2 Project, which is beyond the reasonable control of Sublessor or Sublessee, as the case may be, as described in Section 12.06 of the Sublease.

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EXHIBIT B-II

BUILDING PLANS





Plans prepared by FEH Associates Inc. dated March 15, 2013—Project No. 2012232 (as amended)





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EXHIBIT B-III

PROJECT BUDGET





Total project cost--$15,550,464.00 (based on Change Order No. 3 between Sublessee and Story Construction Company dated August 30, 2013)




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EXHIBIT C
SUBLESSOR'S FINANCING PARAMETERS


Principal Amount: $9,200,000.00    

Term:             8.25 years—fully amortized
Interest Rate:         Prime Rate plus 1%
            
Refinancing :
1. Any refinancing shall be in an amount not greater than the then outstanding principal amount of the loan to be refinanced.
2. Debt service shall be calculated with an amortization schedule not shorter than 8.25 years to the extent that such financing is available on commercially reasonable terms consistent with the then applicable financing market, and otherwise on such amortization schedule as long as is available on commercially reasonable terms in such market.
3. In any case, the loan terms, including interest rate and term, shall be on commercially reasonably terms consistent with the then applicable financing market.
4. Sublessor shall discuss potential available alternative financing terms in advance with Sublessee.



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LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT
THIS LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) dated as of August 22, 2014 (the “ Effective Date ”) by and among (i) SILICON VALLEY BANK , a California corporation (“ Bank ”), and (i) WORKIVA LLC , a California limited liability company (“ Workiva ”) and WORKIVA INTERNATIONAL LLC , a Delaware limited liability company (“ International ”, and together with Workiva, each and together, jointly and severally, “ Borrower ”), provides the terms on which Bank shall lend to Borrower and Borrower shall repay Bank. The parties agree as follows:
1 ACCOUNTING AND OTHER TERMS
Accounting terms not defined in this Agreement shall be construed following GAAP. Calculations and determinations must be made following GAAP. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth in Section 13. All other terms contained in this Agreement, unless otherwise indicated, shall have the meaning provided by the Code to the extent such terms are defined therein.
2      LOAN AND TERMS OF PAYMENT
2.1      Promise to Pay . Borrower hereby unconditionally promises to pay Bank the outstanding principal amount of all Credit Extensions and accrued and unpaid interest thereon as and when due in accordance with this Agreement.
2.2      Credit Extensions.
2.2.1      Revolving Advances.
(a)      Availability . Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and to deduction of Reserves, Bank shall make Advances not exceeding the Availability Amount. Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line may be repaid and, prior to the Revolving Line Maturity Date, reborrowed, subject to the applicable terms and conditions precedent herein.
(b)      Termination; Repayment . The Revolving Line terminates on the Revolving Line Maturity Date, when the principal amount of all Advances, the unpaid interest thereon, and all other Obligations relating to the Revolving Line shall be immediately due and payable.
2.2.2      Letters of Credit.
(a)      Bank shall issue or have issued Letters of Credit denominated in Dollars or a Foreign Currency for Borrower’s account. The aggregate Dollar Equivalent amount utilized for the issuance of Letters of Credit shall at all times reduce the amount otherwise available for Advances under the Revolving Line. The aggregate Dollar Equivalent of the face amount of outstanding Letters of Credit (including drawn but unreimbursed Letters of Credit and any Letter of Credit Reserve) may not exceed (i) the lesser of (A) the Revolving Line or (B) the Borrowing Base, minus (ii) the sum of all outstanding principal amounts of any Advances (including any amounts used for cash management services and the aggregate Dollar Equivalent of the face amount of any outstanding Letters of Credit (including drawn but unreimbursed Letters of Credit and any Letter of Credit Reserve) and minus (iii) an amount equal to ten percent (10.0%) of each outstanding FX Contract.




(b)      If, on the Revolving Line Maturity Date (or the effective date of any termination of this Agreement), there are any outstanding Letters of Credit, then on such date Borrower shall provide to Bank cash collateral in an amount equal to at least 105% of the aggregate Dollar Equivalent of the face amount of all such Letters of Credit plus all interest, fees, and costs due or estimated by Bank to become due in connection therewith, to secure all of the Obligations relating to such Letters of Credit. All Letters of Credit shall be in form and substance acceptable to Bank in its sole discretion and shall be subject to the terms and conditions of Bank’s standard Application and Letter of Credit Agreement (the “ Letter of Credit Application ”). Borrower agrees to execute any further documentation in connection with the Letters of Credit as Bank may reasonably request. Borrower further agrees to be bound by the regulations and interpretations of the issuer of any Letters of Credit guarantied by Bank and opened for Borrower’s account or by Bank’s interpretations of any Letter of Credit issued by Bank for Borrower’s account, and Borrower understands and agrees that Bank shall not be liable for any error, negligence, or mistake, whether of omission or commission, in following Borrower’s instructions or those contained in the Letters of Credit or any modifications, amendments, or supplements thereto.
(c)      The obligation of Borrower to immediately reimburse Bank for drawings made under Letters of Credit shall be absolute, unconditional, and irrevocable, and shall be performed strictly in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, such Letters of Credit, and the Letter of Credit Application.
(d)      Borrower may request that Bank issue a Letter of Credit payable in a Foreign Currency. If a demand for payment is made under any such Letter of Credit, Bank shall treat such demand as an Advance to Borrower of the Dollar Equivalent of the amount thereof (plus fees and charges in connection therewith such as wire, cable, SWIFT or similar charges).
(e)      To guard against fluctuations in currency exchange rates, upon the issuance of any Letter of Credit payable in a Foreign Currency, Bank shall create a reserve (the “ Letter of Credit Reserve ”) under the Revolving Line in an amount equal to ten percent (10%) of the face amount of such Letter of Credit. The amount of the Letter of Credit Reserve may be adjusted by Bank from time to time to account for fluctuations in the exchange rate. The availability of funds under the Revolving Line shall be reduced by the amount of such Letter of Credit Reserve for as long as such Letter of Credit remains outstanding.
2.3      Overadvances . If, at any time, the outstanding principal amount of any Advances exceeds the lesser of either the Revolving Line or the Borrowing Base, Borrower shall immediately pay to Bank in cash the amount of such excess (such excess, the “ Overadvance ”). Without limiting Borrower’s obligation to repay Bank any Overadvance, Borrower agrees to pay Bank interest on the outstanding amount of any Overadvance, within two (2) days of written request therefor.
2.4      Payment of Interest on the Credit Extensions .
(a)      Advances . Subject to Section 2.4(b), the principal amount outstanding under the Revolving Line shall accrue interest at a floating per annum rate equal to one percentage point (1.00%) above the Prime Rate, which interest shall be payable monthly in accordance with Section 2.4(d) below.

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(b)      Default Rate . Immediately upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, Obligations shall bear interest at a rate per annum which is five percentage points (5.0%) above the rate that is otherwise applicable thereto (the “ Default Rate ”). Fees and expenses which are required to be paid by Borrower pursuant to the Loan Documents (including, without limitation, Bank Expenses) but are not paid within two (2) days of written request therefor shall bear interest until paid at a rate equal to the highest rate applicable to the Obligations. Payment or acceptance of the increased interest rate provided in this Section 2.4(b) is not a permitted alternative to timely payment and shall not constitute a waiver of any Event of Default or otherwise prejudice or limit any rights or remedies of Bank.
(c)      Adjustment to Interest Rate . Changes to the interest rate of any Credit Extension based on changes to the Prime Rate shall be effective on the effective date of any change to the Prime Rate and to the extent of any such change.
(d)      Payment; Interest Computation . Interest is payable monthly on the last calendar day of each month and shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. In computing interest, (i) all payments received after 2:00 p.m. Eastern time on any day shall be deemed received at the opening of business on the next Business Day, and (ii) the date of the making of any Credit Extension shall be included and the date of payment shall be excluded; provided, however, that if any Credit Extension is repaid on the same day on which it is made, such day shall be included in computing interest on such Credit Extension.
2.5      Fees . Borrower shall pay to Bank:
(a)      Commitment Fee . A fully earned, non‑refundable commitment fee of Seventy Five Thousand Dollars ($75,000), payable as follows: (i) Thirty Seven Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($37,500) on the Effective Date and (ii) Thirty Seven Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($37,500) on the first anniversary date of the Effective Date;
(b)      Termination Fee . Upon termination of this Agreement for any reason prior to the Revolving Line Maturity Date, in addition to the payment of any other amounts then-owing, a termination fee in an amount equal to one percent (1.00%) of the Revolving Line if such termination occurs prior to the first anniversary of the Effective Date, provided that no termination fee shall be charged if the credit facility hereunder is replaced with a new facility from Bank;
(c)      Unused Revolving Line Facility Fee . Payable quarterly in arrears on September 30, 2014, on the last day of each calendar quarter occurring thereafter prior to the Revolving Line Maturity Date, and on the Revolving Line Maturity Date, a fee (the “ Unused Revolving Line Facility Fee ”) in an amount equal to one-quarter of one percent (0.25%) per annum of the average unused portion of the Revolving Line, as determined by Bank.  The unused portion of the Revolving Line, for purposes of this calculation, shall be calculated on a calendar year basis and shall equal the difference between (i) the Revolving Line, and (ii) the average for the period of the daily closing balance of the Revolving Line outstanding;
(d)      Bank Expenses . All Bank Expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses for documentation and negotiation of this Agreement) incurred through and after the Effective Date, within two (2) days of written request therefor.

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(e)      Fees Fully Earned . Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement or in a separate writing by Bank, Borrower shall not be entitled to any credit, rebate, or repayment of any fees earned by Bank pursuant to this Agreement notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement or the suspension or termination of Bank’s obligation to make loans and advances hereunder. Bank may deduct amounts owing by Borrower under the clauses of this Section 2.5 pursuant to the terms of Section 2.6(c). Bank shall provide Borrower written notice of deductions made from the Designated Deposit Account pursuant to the terms of the clauses of this Section 2.5.
2.6      Payments; Application of Payments; Debit of Accounts .
(a)      All payments to be made by Borrower under any Loan Document shall be made in immediately available funds in Dollars, without setoff or counterclaim, before 2:00 p.m. Eastern time on the date when due. Payments of principal and/or interest received after 2:00 p.m. Eastern time are considered received at the opening of business on the next Business Day. When a payment is due on a day that is not a Business Day, the payment shall be due the next Business Day, and additional fees or interest, as applicable, shall continue to accrue until paid.
(b)      Bank has the exclusive right to determine the order and manner in which all payments with respect to the Obligations may be applied. Borrower shall have no right to specify the order or the accounts to which Bank shall allocate or apply any payments required to be made by Borrower to Bank or otherwise received by Bank under this Agreement when any such allocation or application is not specified elsewhere in this Agreement.
(c)      Bank may debit any of Borrower’s deposit accounts, including the Designated Deposit Account, for principal and interest payments or any other amounts Borrower owes Bank when due. These debits shall not constitute a set-off. The provisions of the previous sentence shall not apply to deposit accounts exclusively used for payroll, payroll taxes, and other employee wage and benefit payments to or for the benefit of Borrower’s employees and identified to Bank by Borrower as such.
3      CONDITIONS OF LOANS
3.1      Conditions Precedent to Initial Advance . Bank’s obligation to make the initial Advance is subject to the condition precedent that Bank shall have received, in form and substance satisfactory to Bank, such documents, and completion of such other matters, as Bank may reasonably deem necessary or appropriate, including, without limitation:
(f)      duly executed original signatures to the Loan Documents;
(g)      duly executed original signatures to the Control Agreements with Bankers Trust and Morgan Stanley;
(h)      the Operating Documents and long-form good standing certificates of Borrower certified by the Secretary of State (or equivalent agency) of Borrower’s and of each U.S. Subsidiaries’ jurisdiction of organization or formation and each jurisdiction in which Borrower and each Subsidiary is qualified to conduct business, each as of a date no earlier than thirty (30) days prior to the Effective Date;

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(i)      duly executed original signatures to the completed Borrowing Resolutions for Borrower;
(j)      the Subordination Agreement by Bluestem Capital in favor of Bank, together with the duly executed original signatures thereto;
(k)      certified copies, dated as of a recent date, of financing statement searches, as Bank may request, accompanied by written evidence (including any UCC termination statements) that the Liens indicated in any such financing statements either constitute Permitted Liens or have been or, in connection with the initial Credit Extension, will be terminated or released;
(l)      the Perfection Certificate of Borrower, together with the duly executed original signature thereto;
(m)      a landlord’s consent in favor of Bank for 2900 University Boulevard, Ames, Iowa 50010 by the landlord thereof, together with the duly executed original signatures thereto;
(n)      a bailee’s waiver in favor of Bank for each location where Borrower maintains property with a third party, by each such third party, together with the duly executed original signatures thereto;
(o)      a legal opinion of Borrower’s counsel dated as of the Effective Date together with the duly executed original signature thereto; and
(p)      payment of the fees and Bank Expenses then due as specified in Section 2.5 hereof.
3.1.1    Credit Extensions on the Effective Date . Bank will make Credit Extensions on the Effective Date in the form of two (2) Letters of Credit subject to Borrower’s compliance with Section 3.1 other than clause (b) thereof. Borrower acknowledges that no Advances or further Credit Extensions shall be made until all conditions precedent set forth in Section 3.1 are satisfied.
3.2      Conditions Precedent to all Credit Extensions . Bank’s obligations to make each Credit Extension, including the initial Credit Extension, is subject to the following conditions precedent:
(q)      timely receipt of an executed Transaction Report;
(r)      the representations and warranties in this Agreement shall be true, accurate, and complete in all material respects on the date of the Transaction Report and on the Funding Date of each Credit Extension; provided, however, that such materiality qualifier shall not be applicable to any representations and warranties that already are qualified or modified by materiality in the text thereof; and provided, further that those representations and warranties expressly referring to a specific date shall be true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of such date, and no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or result from the Credit Extension. Each Credit Extension is Borrower’s representation and warranty on that date that the representations and warranties in this Agreement remain true, accurate, and complete in all material respects;

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provided, however, that such materiality qualifier shall not be applicable to any representations and warranties that already are qualified or modified by materiality in the text thereof; and provided, further that those representations and warranties expressly referring to a specific date shall be true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of such date; and
(s)      Bank determines to its satisfaction that there has not been any material impairment in the general affairs, management, results of operation, financial condition or the prospect of repayment of the Obligations.
3.3      Covenant to Deliver . Borrower agrees to deliver to Bank each item required to be delivered to Bank under this Agreement as a condition precedent to any Credit Extension. Borrower expressly agrees that a Credit Extension made prior to the receipt by Bank of any such item shall not constitute a waiver by Bank of Borrower’s obligation to deliver such item, and the making of any Credit Extension in the absence of a required item shall be in Bank’s sole discretion.
3.4      Procedures for Borrowing . Subject to the prior satisfaction of all other applicable conditions to the making of an Advance set forth in this Agreement, to obtain an Advance, Borrower shall notify Bank (which notice shall be irrevocable) by electronic mail by 2:00 p.m. Eastern time on the Funding Date of the Advance. In connection with such notification, Borrower must promptly deliver to Bank by electronic mail a completed Transaction Report executed by an Authorized Signer, together with such other reports and information as Bank may request in its sole discretion. Bank shall credit proceeds of an Advance to the Designated Deposit Account. Bank may make Advances under this Agreement based on instructions from an Authorized Signer or without instructions if the Advances are necessary to meet Obligations which have become due.
3.5      Post-Closing Conditions. Bank shall have received the following, in form and substance satisfactory to Bank:
(d)      Within ten (10) days after the Effective Date, evidence satisfactory to Bank that the insurance policies and endorsements required by Section 6.7 hereof are in full force and effect, together with appropriate evidence showing lender loss payable and/or additional insured clauses or endorsements in favor of Bank;
(e)      Within sixty (60) days after the Effective Date, the Initial Audit with results satisfactory to Bank in its sole discretion; and
(f)      Within one hundred twenty (120) days after the Effective Date, evidence that all deposit and securities accounts of Borrower have been transferred to Bank.
4      CREATION OF SECURITY INTEREST
4.1      Grant of Security Interest . Borrower hereby grants Bank, to secure the payment and performance in full of all of the Obligations, a continuing security interest in, and pledges to Bank, the Collateral, wherever located, whether now owned or hereafter acquired or arising, and all proceeds and products thereof.

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Borrower acknowledges that it previously has entered, and/or may in the future enter, into Bank Services Agreements with Bank. Regardless of the terms of any Bank Services Agreement, Borrower agrees that any amounts Borrower owes Bank thereunder shall be deemed to be Obligations hereunder and that it is the intent of Borrower and Bank to have all such Obligations secured by the first priority perfected security interest in the Collateral granted herein (subject only to Permitted Liens that are permitted pursuant to the terms of this Agreement to have superior priority to Bank’s Lien in this Agreement).

If this Agreement is terminated, Bank’s Lien in the Collateral shall continue until the Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations) are repaid in full in cash. Upon payment in full in cash of the Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations) and at such time as Bank’s obligation to make Credit Extensions has terminated, Bank shall, at the sole cost and expense of Borrower, release its Liens in the Collateral and all rights therein shall revert to Borrower. In the event (x) all Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations), except for Bank Services, are satisfied in full, and (y) this Agreement is terminated, Bank shall terminate the security interest granted herein upon Borrower providing cash collateral acceptable to Bank in its good faith business judgment for Bank Services, if any. In the event such Bank Services consist of outstanding Letters of Credit, Borrower shall provide to Bank cash collateral in an amount equal to (x) if such Letters of Credit are denominated in Dollars, then at least one hundred five percent (105.0%); and (y) if such Letters of Credit are denominated in a Foreign Currency, then at least one hundred ten percent (110.0%), of the Dollar Equivalent of the face amount of all such Letters of Credit plus all interest, fees, and costs due or to become due in connection therewith (as estimated by Bank in its business judgment), to secure all of the Obligations relating to such Letters of Credit.
4.2      Priority of Security Interest . Borrower represents, warrants, and covenants that the security interest granted herein is and shall at all times continue to be a first priority perfected security interest in the Collateral (subject only to Permitted Liens that are permitted pursuant to the terms of this Agreement to have superior priority to Bank’s Lien under this Agreement). If Borrower shall acquire a commercial tort claim, Borrower shall promptly notify Bank in a writing signed by Borrower of the general details thereof and grant to Bank in such writing a security interest therein and in the proceeds thereof, all upon the terms of this Agreement, with such writing to be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Bank.
4.3      Authorization to File Financing Statements . Borrower hereby authorizes Bank to file financing statements, without notice to Borrower, with all appropriate jurisdictions to perfect or protect Bank’s interest or rights hereunder, including a notice that any disposition of the Collateral, by either Borrower or any other Person, shall be deemed to violate the rights of Bank under the Code. Such financing statements may indicate the Collateral as set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto, or as being of an equal or lesser scope, or with greater detail, all in Bank’s reasonable discretion.
5      REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
Borrower represents and warrants as follows:

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5.1      Due Organization, Authorization; Power and Authority . Borrower is duly existing and in good standing as a Registered Organization in its jurisdiction of formation and is qualified and licensed to do business and is in good standing in any jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its ownership of property requires that it be qualified except where the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Borrower’s business. In connection with this Agreement, Borrower has delivered to Bank a completed certificate signed by Borrower, entitled “Perfection Certificate”. Borrower represents and warrants to Bank that (a) Borrower’s exact legal name is that indicated on the Perfection Certificate and on the signature page hereof; (b) Borrower is an organization of the type and is organized in the jurisdiction set forth in the Perfection Certificate; (c) the Perfection Certificate accurately sets forth Borrower’s organizational identification number or accurately states that Borrower has none; (d) the Perfection Certificate accurately sets forth Borrower’s place of business, or, if more than one, its chief executive office as well as Borrower’s mailing address (if different than its chief executive office); (e) Borrower (and each of its predecessors) has not, in the past five (5) years, changed its jurisdiction of formation, organizational structure or type, or any organizational number assigned by its jurisdiction; and (f) all other information set forth on the Perfection Certificate pertaining to Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries is accurate and complete (it being understood and agreed that Borrower may from time to time update certain information in the Perfection Certificate after the Effective Date to the extent permitted by one or more specific provisions in this Agreement). If Borrower is not now a Registered Organization but later becomes one, Borrower shall promptly notify Bank of such occurrence and provide Bank with Borrower’s organizational identification number.
The execution, delivery and performance by Borrower of the Loan Documents to which it is a party have been duly authorized, and do not (i) conflict with any of Borrower’s organizational documents, (ii) contravene, conflict with, constitute a default under or violate any material Requirement of Law, (iii) contravene, conflict or violate any applicable order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, determination or award of any Governmental Authority by which Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their property or assets may be bound or affected, (iv) other than filings required by the Code, require any action by, filing, registration, or qualification with, or Governmental Approval from, any Governmental Authority (except such Governmental Approvals which have already been obtained and are in full force and effect), or (v) conflict with, contravene, constitute a default or breach under, or result in or permit the termination or acceleration of, any material agreement by which Borrower is bound. Borrower is not in default under any agreement to which it is a party or by which it is bound in which the default could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Borrower’s business.
5.2      Collateral . Borrower has good title to, rights in, and the power to transfer each item of the Collateral upon which it purports to grant a Lien hereunder, free and clear of any and all Liens except Permitted Liens. Borrower has no Collateral Accounts at or with any bank or financial institution other than Bank or Bank’s Affiliates except for the Collateral Accounts described in the Perfection Certificate delivered to Bank in connection herewith and which Borrower has taken such actions as are necessary to give Bank a perfected security interest therein, pursuant to the term of Section 6.8(b). The Accounts are bona fide, existing obligations of the Account Debtors.

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The Collateral is not in the possession of any third party bailee (such as a warehouse) except as otherwise provided in the Perfection Certificate. None of the components of the Collateral shall be maintained at locations other than as provided in the Perfection Certificate or as permitted pursuant to Section 7.2.
All Inventory is in all material respects of good and marketable quality, free from material defects.
Borrower is the sole owner of the Intellectual Property which it owns or purports to own except for (a) non-exclusive licenses granted to its customers in the ordinary course of business and licenses permitted hereunder, (b) over-the-counter software that is commercially available to the public, and (c) material Intellectual Property licensed to Borrower and noted on the Perfection Certificate. Each Patent which it owns or purports to own and which is material to Borrower’s business is valid and enforceable, and no part of the Intellectual Property which Borrower owns or purports to own and which is material to Borrower’s business has been judged invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part. To the best of Borrower’s knowledge, no claim has been made that any part of the Intellectual Property violates the rights of any third party except to the extent such claim would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Borrower’s business.
Except as noted on the Perfection Certificate, Borrower is not a party to, nor is it bound by, any Restricted License.
5.3      Customer Accounts. For any customer Account that generates Recurring Revenue, all statements made and all unpaid balances appearing in all invoices, instruments and other documents evidencing such customer Accounts are and shall be true and correct and all such invoices, instruments and other documents, and all of Borrower's Books are genuine and in all respects what they purport to be. Borrower has no knowledge of any actual Insolvency Proceeding of any Account Debtor whose accounts are customer Accounts that generate Recurring Revenue. To the best of Borrower’s knowledge, (i) all signatures and endorsements on all documents, instruments, and agreements relating to all customer Accounts are genuine, (ii) all such documents, instruments and agreements are legally enforceable in accordance with their terms, and (iii) there are no defenses, offsets, counterclaims or agreements for which the Account Debtor may claim any deduction or discount. Borrower is the owner of and has the legal right to sell, transfer, assign and encumber each customer Account
5.4      Litigation . There are no actions or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of any Responsible Officer, threatened in writing by or against Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries involving more than, individually or in the aggregate, Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000) and which are not covered by or assumed by Borrower’s insurance carriers except as set forth in the Perfection Certificate delivered on the Effective Date ( provided , that to the extent Borrower learns of the potential exposure with respect to such litigation matter described in the Perfection Certificate delivered on the Effective Date, Borrower shall comply in all respects with Section 6.2(i) hereof).
5.5      Financial Statements; Financial Condition . All consolidated financial statements for Borrower and any of its Subsidiaries delivered to Bank fairly present in all material respects

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Borrower’s consolidated financial condition and Borrower’s consolidated results of operations. There has not been any material deterioration in Borrower’s consolidated financial condition since the date of the most recent financial statements submitted to Bank.
5.6      Solvency . The fair salable value of Borrower’s consolidated assets (including goodwill minus disposition costs) exceeds the fair value of Borrower’s liabilities; Borrower is not left with unreasonably small capital after the transactions in this Agreement; and Borrower is able to pay its debts (including trade debts) as they mature.
5.7      Regulatory Compliance . Borrower is not an “investment company” or a company “controlled” by an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Borrower is not engaged as one of its important activities in extending credit for margin stock (under Regulations X, T and U of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors). Borrower (a) has complied in all material respects with all Requirements of Law, and (b) has not violated any Requirements of Law the violation of which could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on its business. None of Borrower’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ properties or assets has been used by Borrower or any Subsidiary in disposing, producing, storing, treating, or transporting any hazardous substance other than legally. Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries have obtained all consents, approvals and authorizations of, made all declarations or filings with, and given all notices to, all Government Authorities that are necessary to continue their respective businesses as currently conducted except for those, the lack of which, would not have a material adverse effect on Borrower’s business.
5.8      Subsidiaries; Investments . Borrower does not own any stock, partnership, or other ownership interest or other equity securities except for Permitted Investments.
5.9      Tax Returns and Payments; Pension Contributions . Borrower has timely filed all required tax returns and reports, and Borrower has timely paid all foreign, federal, state and local taxes, assessments, deposits and contributions owed by Borrower except to the extent such taxes are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings promptly instituted and diligently conducted, so long as such reserve or other appropriate provision, if any, as shall be required in conformity with GAAP shall have been made therefor.
To the extent Borrower defers payment of any contested taxes, Borrower shall (i) notify Bank in writing of the commencement of, and any material development in, the proceedings, and (ii) post bonds or take any other steps required to prevent the governmental authority levying such contested taxes from obtaining a Lien upon any of the Collateral that is other than a “Permitted Lien.” To its knowledge, Borrower is unaware of any claims or adjustments proposed for any of Borrower's prior tax years which could result in additional taxes becoming due and payable by Borrower. To the extent applicable to Borrower, Borrower has paid all amounts necessary to fund all present pension, profit sharing and deferred compensation plans in accordance with their terms, and Borrower has not withdrawn from participation in, and has not permitted partial or complete termination of, or permitted the occurrence of any other event with respect to, any such plan which could reasonably be expected to result in any liability of Borrower, including any liability to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation or its successors or any other governmental agency.

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5.10      Use of Proceeds . Borrower shall use the proceeds of the Credit Extensions solely as working capital and to fund its general business requirements and not for personal, family, household or agricultural purposes.
5.11      Full Disclosure . No written representation, warranty or other statement of Borrower in any certificate or written statement given to Bank, as of the date such representation, warranty, or other statement was made, taken together with all such written certificates and written statements given to Bank, contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements contained in the certificates or statements not misleading (it being recognized by Bank that the projections and forecasts provided by Borrower in good faith and based upon reasonable assumptions are not viewed as facts and that actual results during the period or periods covered by such projections and forecasts may differ from the projected or forecasted results).
5.12      Definition of “Knowledge . For purposes of the Loan Documents, whenever a representation or warranty is made to Borrower’s knowledge or awareness, to the “best of” Borrower’s knowledge, or with a similar qualification, knowledge or awareness means the actual knowledge, after reasonable investigation, of any Responsible Officer.
6      AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
Borrower shall do all of the following:
6.1      Government Compliance .
(f)      Maintain its and all its Subsidiaries’ legal existence and good standing in their respective jurisdictions of formation and maintain qualification in each jurisdiction in which the failure to so qualify would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Borrower’s business or operations. Borrower shall comply, and have each Subsidiary comply, in all material respects, with all material laws, ordinances and regulations to which it is subject.
(g)      Obtain all of the Governmental Approvals necessary for the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party and the grant of a security interest to Bank in all of its property. Borrower shall promptly provide copies of any such obtained Governmental Approvals to Bank.
6.2      Financial Statements, Reports, Certificates . Provide Bank with the following:
(g)      a Transaction Report which includes, among other things, Annualized Customer Retention Rate, Borrowing Base, Quarterly Churn and Recurring Revenue (and any schedules related thereto) (i) with each request for an Advance, and (ii) within thirty (30) days after the end of each month;
(h)      within thirty (30) days after the end of each month, (A) monthly accounts receivable agings, aged by invoice date, (B) monthly accounts payable agings, aged by invoice date, and outstanding or held check registers, if any, and (C) monthly reconciliations of accounts

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receivable agings (aged by invoice date), transaction reports, Deferred Revenue report, and general ledger;
(i)      as soon as available, but no later than thirty (30) days after the last day of each month, a company prepared consolidated and consolidating balance sheet, cash flow and income statement covering Borrower’s and each of its Subsidiary’s operations for such month certified by a Responsible Officer and in a form acceptable to Bank (the “ Monthly Financial Statements ”) ;
(j)      w ithin thirty (30) days after the last day of each month and together with the Monthly Financial Statements, a duly completed Compliance Certificate signed by a Responsible Officer , certifying that as of the end of such month, Borrower was in full compliance with all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and setting forth calculations showing compliance with the financial covenants set forth in this Agreement and such other information as Bank may reasonably request, including, without limitation, a statement that at the end of such month there were no held checks;
(k)      within sixty (60) days after the end of each fiscal year of Borrower, (A) annual operating budgets (including income statements, balance sheets and cash flow statements, by month) for the then current fiscal year of Borrower, and (B) annual financial projections for the following fiscal year (on a quarterly basis) as approved by Borrower’s board of directors, together with any related business forecasts used in the preparation of such annual financial projections ;
(l)      as soon as available, and in any event within one hundred fifty (150) days following the end of Borrower’s fiscal year, audited consolidated financial statements prepared under GAAP, consistently applied, together with an unqualified opinion on the financial statements from an independent certified public accounting firm reasonably acceptable to Bank ;
(m)      in the event that Borrower becomes subject to the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act within five (5) days of filing, copies of all periodic and other reports, proxy statements and other materials filed by Borrower with the SEC, any Governmental Authority succeeding to any or all of the functions of the SEC or with any national securities exchange, or distributed to its shareholders, as the case may be. Documents required to be delivered pursuant to the terms hereof (to the extent any such documents are included in materials otherwise filed with the SEC) may be delivered electronically and if so delivered, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date on which Borrower posts such documents, or provides a link thereto, on Borrower’s website on the Internet at Borrower’s website address; provided, however, Borrower shall promptly notify Bank in writing (which may be by electronic mail) of the posting of any such documents;
(n)      within five (5) days of delivery, copies of all statements, reports and notices made available to Borrower’s equity security holders or to any holders of Subordinated Debt;
(o)      prompt report of any legal actions pending or threatened in writing against Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries that could result in damages or costs to Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries of, individually or in the aggregate, Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000)

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or more and which are not covered by Borrower’s insurance policies or the defense of which is assumed by Borrower’s insurance carriers; and
(p)      other financial information reasonably requested by Bank.
6.3      Accounts Receivable .
(a)      Schedules and Documents Relating to Accounts . Borrower shall deliver to Bank transaction reports and schedules of collections, as provided in Section 6.2, on Bank’s standard forms; provided, however, that Borrower’s failure to execute and deliver the same shall not affect or limit Bank’s Lien and other rights in all of Borrower’s Accounts, nor shall Bank’s failure to advance or lend against a specific Account affect or limit Bank’s Lien and other rights therein. If requested by Bank in writing and without causing extraordinary expense and interference with Borrower’s daily operations and business, Borrower shall furnish Bank with copies of all contracts, orders, invoices, and other similar documents, and all shipping instructions, delivery receipts, bills of lading, and other evidence of delivery, for any goods the sale or disposition of which gave rise to such Accounts. In addition, Borrower shall deliver to Bank, on its written request, the originals of all instruments, chattel paper, security agreements, guarantees and other documents and property evidencing or securing any Accounts, in the same form as received, with all necessary indorsements, and copies of all credit memos.
(b)      Disputes . Borrower shall promptly notify Bank of all disputes or claims, equal to or greater than $50,000 in any one instance or $100,000 in the aggregate for all such disputes or claims, relating to Accounts. Borrower may forgive (completely or partially), compromise, or settle any Account for less than payment in full, or agree to do any of the foregoing so long as (i) Borrower does so in good faith, in a commercially reasonable manner, in the ordinary course of business, in arm’s-length transactions, and reports the same to Bank in the regular reports provided to Bank; (ii) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; and (iii) after taking into account all such discounts, settlements and forgiveness, the total outstanding Advances will not exceed the lesser of the Revolving Line or the Borrowing Base.
(c)      Collection of Accounts . Borrower shall have the right to collect all Accounts, unless and until a Default or an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing. Bank shall require that Borrower direct Account Debtors to deliver or transmit all proceeds of Accounts into a lockbox account, or such other “blocked account” as specified by Bank (either such account, the “ Cash Collateral Account ”), pursuant to a blocked account agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Bank. Whether or not an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, Borrower shall immediately deliver all payments on and proceeds of Accounts to the Cash Collateral Account. Such payments and proceeds shall be (X) prior to the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default, (i) transferred to an account of Borrower at Bank or (ii) at Borrower’s discretion, applied to reduce the Obligations, or (Y) following the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default, applied pursuant to Section 9.4.
(d)      Returns . Provided no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, if any Account Debtor returns any Inventory to Borrower, Borrower shall promptly (i) determine the reason for such return, (ii) issue a credit memorandum to the Account Debtor in the appropriate

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amount, and (iii) provide a copy of such credit memorandum to Bank, upon request from Bank. In the event any attempted return occurs after the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, Borrower shall hold the returned Inventory in trust for Bank, and immediately notify Bank of the return of the Inventory.
(e)      Verification . So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, Bank may verify directly with the respective Account Debtors the validity, amount and other matters relating to the Accounts, either in the name of Borrower or Bank or such other name as Bank may choose, and upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, notify any Account Debtor of Bank’s security interest in such Account.
(f)      No Liability . Bank shall not be responsible or liable for any shortage or discrepancy in, damage to, or loss or destruction of, any goods, the sale or other disposition of which gives rise to an Account, or for any error, act, omission, or delay of any kind occurring in the settlement, failure to settle, collection or failure to collect any Account, or for settling any Account in good faith for less than the full amount thereof, nor shall Bank be deemed to be responsible for any of Borrower's obligations under any contract or agreement giving rise to an Account. Nothing herein shall, however, relieve Bank from liability for its own gross negligence or willful misconduct.
6.4      Remittance of Proceeds . Except as otherwise provided in Section 6.3(c), deliver, in kind, all proceeds arising from the disposition of any Collateral to Bank in the original form in which received by Borrower not later than the following Business Day after receipt by Borrower, to be applied to the Obligations (a) prior to an Event of Default, pursuant to the terms of Section 2.6(b) hereof, and (b) after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, pursuant to the terms of Section 9.4 hereof ; provided that, if no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, Borrower shall not be obligated to remit to Bank the proceeds of the sale of worn out or obsolete Equipment disposed of by Borrower in good faith in an arm’s length transaction for an aggregate purchase price of Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000) or less (for all such transactions in any fiscal year). Borrower agrees that it will not commingle proceeds of Collateral with any of Borrower’s other funds or property, but will hold such proceeds separate and apart from such other funds and property and in an express trust for Bank. Nothing in this Section limits the restrictions on disposition of Collateral set forth elsewhere in this Agreement.
6.5    Taxes; Pensions . Timely file, and require each of its Subsidiaries to timely file, all required tax returns and reports and timely pay, and require each of its Subsidiaries to timely pay, all foreign, federal, state and local taxes, assessments, deposits and contributions owed by Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries, except for deferred payment of any taxes contested pursuant to the terms of Section 5.9 hereof, and shall deliver to Bank, on written demand, appropriate certificates attesting to such payments, and pay all amounts necessary to fund all present pension, profit sharing and deferred compensation plans in accordance with their terms.
6.6    Access to Collateral; Books and Records . At reasonable times, on three (3) Business Days’ notice (provided no notice is required if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing), Bank, or its agents, shall have the right to inspect the Collateral and the right to audit and copy Borrower’s Books. The foregoing inspections and audits shall be conducted at Borrower’s expense and no more often than once every twelve (12) months unless an Event of Default has

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occurred and is continuing in which case such inspections and audits shall occur as often as Bank shall determine is necessary . The charge therefor shall be $850 per person per day (or such higher amount as shall represent Bank’s then-current standard charge for the same), plus reasonable out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred. In the event Borrower and Bank schedule an audit more than ten (10) days in advance, and Borrower cancels or reschedules the audit with less than ten (10) days written notice to Bank, then (without limiting any of Bank’s rights or remedies) Borrower shall pay Bank a fee of $1,000 plus any out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred by Bank to compensate Bank for the costs and expenses of the cancellation or rescheduling.
6.7    Insurance .
(a)      Keep its business and the Collateral insured for risks and in amounts standard for companies in Borrower’s industry and location and as Bank may reasonably request. Insurance policies shall be in a form, with financially sound and reputable insurance companies that are not Affiliates of Borrower, and in amounts that are satisfactory to Bank. All property policies shall have a lender’s loss payable endorsement showing Bank as the sole lender loss payee. All liability policies shall show, or have endorsements showing, Bank as an additional insured. Bank shall be named as lender loss payee and/or additional insured with respect to any such insurance providing coverage in respect of any Collateral.
(b)      Ensure that proceeds payable under any property policy are, at Bank’s option, payable to Bank on account of the Obligations.
(c)      At Bank’s request, Borrower shall deliver certified copies of insurance policies and evidence of all premium payments. Each provider of any such insurance required under this Section 6.7 shall agree, by endorsement upon the policy or policies issued by it or by independent instruments furnished to Bank, that it will give Bank thirty (30) days prior written notice before any such policy or policies shall be materially altered or canceled. If Borrower fails to obtain insurance as required under this Section 6.7 or to pay any amount or furnish any required proof of payment to third persons and Bank, Bank may make all or part of such payment or obtain such insurance policies required in this Section 6.7, and take any action under the policies Bank deems prudent.
6.1      Operating Accounts .
(h)      Maintain all of its operating and other deposit accounts and securities accounts with Bank and Bank’s Affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Borrower shall have one hundred twenty (120) days after the Effective Date to transition to Bank all of its accounts at other financial institutions.
(i)      Provide Bank five (5) days prior written notice before establishing any Collateral Account at or with any bank or financial institution other than Bank or Bank’s Affiliates. For each Collateral Account that Borrower at any time maintains, Borrower shall cause the applicable bank or financial institution (other than Bank) at or with which any Collateral Account is maintained to execute and deliver a Control Agreement or other appropriate instrument with respect to such Collateral Account to perfect Bank’s Lien in such Collateral Account in accordance with the terms hereunder which Control Agreement may not be terminated without the prior written consent of

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Bank. The provisions of the previous sentence shall not apply to deposit accounts exclusively used for payroll, payroll taxes, and other employee wage and benefit payments to or for the benefit of Borrower’s employees and identified to Bank by Borrower as such.
6.2      Financial Covenants . Maintain at all times, subject to periodic reporting, with respect to Borrower:
(q)      Liquidity . Liquidity of not less than Five Million Dollars ($5,000,000), tested monthly on the last day of each month.
(r)      Minimum Recurring Revenue . As of the last day of each quarter on a trailing three (3) month basis, Borrower’s Recurring Revenue for such quarter shall not be less than the greater of (i) eighty percent (80%) of Borrower’s Recurring Revenue for such quarter as outlined in Borrower’s business plan approved by its board of directors or (ii) Borrower’s Recurring Revenue for the prior quarter.
6.3      Protection of Intellectual Property Rights .

(g)      (i) Protect, defend and maintain the validity and enforceability of its Intellectual Property; (ii) promptly advise Bank in writing of material infringements or any other event that could reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect the value of its Intellectual Property; and (iii) not allow any Intellectual Property material to Borrower’s business to be abandoned, forfeited or dedicated to the public without Bank’s written consent.
(h)      Provide written notice to Bank within ten (10) days of entering or becoming bound by any Restricted License (other than over-the-counter software that is commercially available to the public). Borrower shall take such steps as Bank requests to obtain the consent of, or waiver by, any person whose consent or waiver is necessary for (i) any Restricted License to be deemed “Collateral” and for Bank to have a security interest in it that might otherwise be restricted or prohibited by law or by the terms of any such Restricted License, whether now existing or entered into in the future, and (ii) Bank to have the ability in the event of a liquidation of any Collateral to dispose of such Collateral in accordance with Bank’s rights and remedies under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.
6.4      Litigation Cooperation . From the date hereof and continuing through the termination of this Agreement, m ake available to Bank, without expense to Bank, Borrower and its officers and employees and Borrower's books and records, to the extent that Bank may deem them reasonably necessary to prosecute or defend any third-party suit or proceeding instituted by or against Bank with respect to any Collateral or relating to Borrower.
6.5      Formation or Acquisition of Subsidiaries . Notwithstanding and without limiting the negative covenants contained in Sections 7.3 and 7.7 hereof, at the time that Borrower forms any direct or indirect Subsidiary or acquires any direct or indirect Subsidiary after the Effective Date, Borrower shall (a) cause such new Subsidiary to provide to Bank a joinder to the Loan Agreement to cause such Subsidiary to become a co-borrower hereunder, together with such appropriate financing statements and/or Control Agreements, all in form and substance satisfactory

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to Bank (including being sufficient to grant Bank a first priority Lien (subject to Permitted Liens) in and to the assets of such newly formed or acquired Subsidiary), (b) provide to Bank appropriate certificates and powers and financing statements, pledging all of the direct or beneficial ownership interest in such new Subsidiary, in form and substance satisfactory to Bank; and (c) provide to Bank all other documentation in form and substance satisfactory to Bank, including one or more opinions of counsel satisfactory to Bank, which in its opinion is appropriate with respect to the execution and delivery of the applicable documentation referred to above. Any document, agreement, or instrument executed or issued pursuant to this Section 6.12 shall be a Loan Document.
6.6      Further Assurances . Execute any further instruments and take further action as Bank reasonably requests to perfect or continue Bank’s Lien in the Collateral or to effect the purposes of this Agreement. Deliver to Bank, within five (5) days after the same are sent or received, copies of all correspondence, reports, documents and other filings with any Governmental Authority (i) regarding compliance with or maintenance of Governmental Approvals or Requirements of Law material to the Borrower’s business or (ii) that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the operations of Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries.
7      NEGATIVE COVENANTS
Borrower shall not do any of the following without Bank’s prior written consent:
7.1      Dispositions . Convey, sell, lease, transfer, assign, or otherwise dispose of (collectively, “ Transfer ”), or permit any of its Subsidiaries to Transfer, all or any part of its business or property, except for Transfers (a) of Inventory in the ordinary course of business; (b) of worn-out or obsolete Equipment that is, in the reasonable judgment of Borrower, no longer economically practicable to maintain or useful in the ordinary course of business of Borrower; (c) consisting of Permitted Liens and Permitted Investments; (d) consisting of the sale or issuance of any stock of Borrower permitted under Section 7.2 of this Agreement; and (e) consisting of Borrower’s use or transfer of money or Cash Equivalents in a manner that is not prohibited by the terms of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents.
7.2      Changes in Business, Management, Ownership, or Business Locations . (a) Engage in or permit any of its Subsidiaries to engage in any business other than the businesses currently engaged in by Borrower and such Subsidiary, as applicable, or reasonably related thereto; (b) liquidate or dissolve; or (c) (i) fail to provide notice to Bank of any Key Person departing from or ceasing to be employed by Borrower within five (5) days after such Key Person’s departure from Borrower; or (ii)  enter into any transaction or series of related transactions in which the stockholders of Borrower who were not stockholders immediately prior to the first such transaction own more than forty percent (40%) of the voting stock of Borrower immediately after giving effect to such transaction or related series of such transactions, including, without limitation, in connection with the sale of Borrower’s equity securities in a public offering (other than by the sale of Borrower’s equity securities to venture capital or private equity investors so long as Borrower identifies to Bank the venture capital or private equity investors at least seven (7) Business Days prior to the consummation of any such transaction and provides to Bank a description of the material terms of the transaction.

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Except as set forth in the last sentence of this paragraph, Borrower shall not, without at least thirty (30) days prior written notice to Bank: (1) add any new offices or business locations, including warehouses (unless such new offices or business locations contain less than One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) in Borrower’s assets or property) or deliver any portion of the Collateral valued, individually or in the aggregate, in excess of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) to a bailee at a location other than to a bailee and at a location already disclosed in the Perfection Certificate, (2) change its jurisdiction of organization, (3) change its organizational structure or type, (4) change its legal name, or (5) change any organizational number (if any) assigned by its jurisdiction of organization. If Borrower intends to deliver any portion of the Collateral valued, individually or in the aggregate, in excess of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) to a bailee, and Bank and such bailee are not already parties to a bailee agreement governing both the Collateral and the location to which Borrower intends to deliver the Collateral, then Borrower will first receive the written consent of Bank, and such bailee shall execute and deliver a bailee agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Bank. Notwithstanding the requirements of this section to give at least thirty (30) days prior written notice to Bank with respect to (i) a change in jurisdiction of organization, (ii) change in organizational structure or type, or (iii) change in any organizational number (if any) assigned by its jurisdiction of organization, Workiva shall provide Bank at least five (5) days prior written notice with respect to all changes stated in (i), (ii) or (iii) of this sentence in connection with Workiva’s change in its jurisdiction of organization from California to Delaware and any subsequent change in Workiva’s organizational type from a limited liability company to a corporation, and promptly thereafter provide Bank with copies of any revised or amended Operating Documents of Workiva.
7.3      Mergers or Acquisitions . Merge or consolidate, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to merge or consolidate, with any other Person, or acquire, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to acquire, all or substantially all of the capital stock or property of another Person (including, without limitation, by the formation of any Subsidiary). A Subsidiary may merge or consolidate into another Subsidiary or into Borrower.
7.4      Indebtedness . Create, incur, assume, or be liable for any Indebtedness, or permit any Subsidiary to do so, other than Permitted Indebtedness.
7.5      Encumbrance . Create, incur, allow, or suffer any Lien on any of its property, or assign or convey any right to receive income, including the sale of any Accounts, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to do so, except for Permitted Liens, permit any Collateral not to be subject to the first priority security interest granted herein, or enter into any agreement, document, instrument or other arrangement (except with or in favor of Bank) with any Person which directly or indirectly prohibits or has the effect of prohibiting Borrower or any Subsidiary from assigning, mortgaging, pledging, granting a security interest in or upon, or encumbering any of Borrower’s or any Subsidiary’s Intellectual Property, except as is otherwise permitted in Section 7.1 hereof and the definition of “Permitted Liens” herein .
7.6      Maintenance of Collateral Accounts . Maintain any Collateral Account except pursuant to the terms of Section 6.8(b) hereof.

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7.7      Distributions; Investments . (a) Pay any dividends or make any distribution or payment or redeem, retire or purchase any capital stock provided that (i) Borrower may pay dividends solely in common stock, (ii) any Subsidiary (foreign or domestic) may make dividends or distributions to Borrower, and (iii) Borrower may make advances to each of its shareholders or members (collectively, the “Shareholder Advances”) in an amount sufficient to cover that shareholder’s actual tax liability due and payable as a result of income of Borrower attributed to the shareholder or member during any period that Borrower is eligible for taxation as a corporation under Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code; provided , however , that no Shareholder Advances may be made if, at the time or as a result thereof, an Event of Default could occur ; or (b) directly or indirectly make any Investment (including, without limitation, by the formation of any Subsidiary) other than Permitted Investments, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to do so.
7.8      Transactions with Affiliates . Directly or indirectly enter into or permit to exist any material transaction with any Affiliate of Borrower, except for transactions that are in the ordinary course of Borrower’s business, upon fair and reasonable terms that are no less favorable to Borrower than would be obtained in an arm’s length transaction with a non-affiliated Person.
7.9      Subordinated Debt . (a) Make or permit any payment on any Subordinated Debt, except under the terms of the subordination, intercreditor, or other similar agreement to which such Subordinated Debt is subject, or (b) amend any provision in any document relating to the Subordinated Debt which would increase the amount thereof, provide for earlier or greater principal, interest, or other payments thereon, or adversely affect the subordination thereof to Obligations owed to Bank.
7.10      Compliance . Become an “investment company” or a company controlled by an “investment company”, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or undertake as one of its important activities extending credit to purchase or carry margin stock (as defined in Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), or use the proceeds of any Credit Extension for that purpose; fail to meet the minimum funding requirements of ERISA, permit a Reportable Event or Prohibited Transaction, as defined in ERISA, to occur; fail to comply with the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act or violate any other law or regulation, if the violation could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Borrower’s business, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to do so; withdraw or permit any Subsidiary to withdraw from participation in, permit partial or complete termination of, or permit the occurrence of any other event with respect to, any present pension, profit sharing and deferred compensation plan which could reasonably be expected to result in any liability of Borrower, including any liability to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation or its successors or any other governmental agency.
8      EVENTS OF DEFAULT
Any one of the following shall constitute an event of default (an “ Event of Default ”) under this Agreement:
8.1      Payment Default . Borrower fails to (a) make any payment of principal or interest on any Credit Extension when due, or (b) pay any other Obligations within three (3) Business Days after such Obligations are due and payable (which three (3) Business Day cure period shall not

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apply to payments due on the Revolving Line Maturity Date). During the cure period, the failure to make or pay any payment specified under clause (b) hereunder is not an Event of Default (but no Credit Extension will be made during the cure period) ;
8.2      Covenant Default .
(a)    Borrower fails or neglects to perform any obligation in Sections 6.2, 6.5, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10(b), 6.12, 6.13 or violates any covenant in Section 7; or
(b)    Borrower fails or neglects to perform, keep, or observe any other term, provision, condition, covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement or any Loan Documents, and as to any default (other than those specified in this Section 8) under such other term, provision, condition, covenant or agreement that can be cured, has failed to cure the default within ten (10) days after the occurrence thereof; provided, however, that if the default cannot by its nature be cured within the ten (10) day period or cannot after diligent attempts by Borrower be cured within such ten (10) day period, and such default is likely to be cured within a reasonable time, then Borrower shall have an additional period (which shall not in any case exceed thirty (30) days) to attempt to cure such default, and within such reasonable time period the failure to cure the default shall not be deemed an Event of Default (but no Credit Extensions shall be made during such cure period). Cure periods provided under this section shall not apply, among other things, to financial covenants or any other covenants set forth in clause (a) above;
8.3      Material Adverse Change . A Material Adverse Change occurs;
8.4      Attachment; Levy; Restraint on Business .
(a) (i) The service of process seeking to attach, by trustee or similar process, any funds of Borrower or of any entity under the control of Borrower (including a Subsidiary), or (ii) a notice of lien or levy is filed against any of Borrower’s assets by any Governmental Authority, and the same under subclauses (i) and (ii) hereof are not, within thirty (30) days after the occurrence thereof, discharged or stayed (whether through the posting of a bond or otherwise); provided, however, no Credit Extensions shall be made during any thirty (30) day cure period; or
(b) (i) any material portion of Borrower’s assets is attached, seized, levied on, or comes into possession of a trustee or receiver and Borrower has not vacated, discharged, stayed or bonded such action within ten (10) days, or (ii) any court order enjoins, restrains, or prevents Borrower from conducting all or any material part of its business and such court order is not dismissed or stayed within ten (10) days;
8.5      Insolvency . (a) If Bank determines in good faith based on objective information that Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries is unable to pay its debts (including trade debts) as they become due or otherwise becomes insolvent; (b) Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries begins an Insolvency Proceeding; or (c) an Insolvency Proceeding is begun against Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries and is not dismissed or stayed within thirty (30) days (but no Credit Extensions shall be made while any of the conditions described in clause (a) exist and/or until any Insolvency Proceeding is dismissed);

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8.6      Other Agreements . There is, under any agreement to which Borrower is a party with a third party or parties, (a) any default resulting in a right by such third party or parties, whether or not exercised, to accelerate the maturity of any Indebtedness in an amount individually or in the aggregate in excess of Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000); or (b) any breach or default by Borrower, the result of which could result in a Material Adverse Change;
8.7      Judgments; Penalties . One or more fines, penalties or final judgments, orders or decrees for the payment of money in an amount, individually or in the aggregate, of at least Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000) (not covered by independent third-party insurance as to which liability has been accepted by such insurance carrier) shall be rendered against Borrower by any Governmental Authority, and the same are not, within forty-five (45) days after the entry, assessment or issuance thereof, discharged, satisfied, or paid, or after execution thereof, stayed or bonded pending appeal, or such judgments are not discharged prior to the expiration of any such stay (provided that no Credit Extensions will be made prior to the satisfaction, payment, discharge, stay, or bonding of such fine, penalty, judgment, order or decree);
8.8      Misrepresentations . Borrower or any Person acting for Borrower makes any representation, warranty, or other statement now or later in this Agreement, any Loan Document or in any writing delivered to Bank or to induce Bank to enter this Agreement or any Loan Document, and such representation, warranty, or other statement proves to have been false or misleading in any material respect on or as of the date made or deemed made;
8.9      Subordinated Debt . Any document, instrument, or agreement evidencing any Subordinated Debt shall for any reason be revoked or invalidated or otherwise cease to be in full force and effect, any Person shall be in breach thereof or contest in any manner the validity or enforceability thereof or deny that it has any further liability or obligation thereunder, or the Obligations shall for any reason be subordinated or shall not have the priority contemplated by this Agreement; or
8.10      Governmental Approvals . Any material Governmental Approval shall have been (a) revoked, rescinded, suspended, modified in an adverse manner or not renewed in the ordinary course for a full term or (b) subject to any decision by a Governmental Authority that designates a hearing with respect to any applications for renewal of any of such Governmental Approval or that could result in the Governmental Authority taking any of the actions described in clause (a) above, and such decision or such revocation, rescission, suspension, modification or non-renewal (i) cause, or could reasonably be expected to cause, a Material Adverse Change, or (ii) adversely affects the legal qualifications of Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to hold such Governmental Approval in any applicable jurisdiction and such revocation, rescission, suspension, modification or non-renewal could reasonably be expected to affect the status of or legal qualifications of Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to hold any Governmental Approval in any other jurisdiction and such change in status or legal qualification could reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Change.
9      BANK’S RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
9.1      Rights and Remedies . Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, Bank may, without notice or demand, do any or all of the following:

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(d)      declare all Obligations immediately due and payable (but if an Event of Default described in Section 8.5 occurs all Obligations are immediately due and payable without any action by Bank);
(e)      stop advancing money or extending credit for Borrower’s benefit under this Agreement or under any other agreement between Borrower and Bank;
(f)      demand that Borrower (i) deposit cash with Bank in an amount equal to at least 105% (110% for Letters of Credit denominated in a Foreign Currency) of the Dollar Equivalent of the aggregate face amount of all Letters of Credit remaining undrawn (plus all interest, fees, and costs due or to become due in connection therewith (as estimated by Bank in its good faith business judgment)), to secure all of the Obligations relating to such Letters of Credit, as collateral security for the repayment of any future drawings under such Letters of Credit, and Borrower shall forthwith deposit and pay such amounts, and (ii) pay in advance all letter of credit fees scheduled to be paid or payable over the remaining term of any Letters of Credit;
(g)      terminate any FX Contracts;
(h)      verify the amount of, demand payment of and performance under, and collect any Accounts and General Intangibles, settle or adjust disputes and claims directly with Account Debtors for amounts on terms and in any order that Bank considers advisable, and notify any Person owing Borrower money of Bank’s security interest in such funds;
(i)      make any payments and do any acts it considers necessary or reasonable to protect the Collateral and/or its security interest in the Collateral. Borrower shall assemble the Collateral if Bank requests and make it available as Bank designates. Bank may enter premises where the Collateral is located, take and maintain possession of any part of the Collateral, and pay, purchase, contest, or compromise any Lien which appears to be prior or superior to its security interest and pay all expenses incurred. Borrower grants Bank a license to enter and occupy any of its premises, without charge, to exercise any of Bank’s rights or remedies;
(j)      apply to the Obligations any (i) balances and deposits of Borrower it holds, or (ii) any amount held by Bank owing to or for the credit or the account of Borrower;
(k)      ship, reclaim, recover, store, finish, maintain, repair, prepare for sale, advertise for sale, and sell the Collateral. Bank is hereby granted a non-exclusive, royalty-free license or other right to use, without charge, Borrower’s labels, Patents, Copyrights, mask works, rights of use of any name, trade secrets, trade names, Trademarks, and advertising matter, or any similar property as it pertains to the Collateral, in completing production of, advertising for sale, and selling any Collateral and, in connection with Bank’s exercise of its rights under this Section, Borrower’s rights under all licenses and all franchise agreements inure to Bank’s benefit;
(l)      place a “hold” on any account maintained with Bank and/or deliver a notice of exclusive control, any entitlement order, or other directions or instructions pursuant to any Control Agreement or similar agreements providing control of any Collateral;

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(m)      demand and receive possession of Borrower’s Books; and
(n)      exercise all rights and remedies available to Bank under the Loan Documents or at law or equity, including all remedies provided under the Code (including disposal of the Collateral pursuant to the terms thereof).
9.2      Power of Attorney . Borrower hereby irrevocably appoints Bank as its lawful attorney-in-fact, exercisable upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to: (a) endorse Borrower’s name on any checks or other forms of payment or security; (b) sign Borrower’s name on any invoice or bill of lading for any Account or drafts against Account Debtors; (c) settle and adjust disputes and claims about the Accounts directly with Account Debtors, for amounts and on terms Bank determines reasonable; (d) make, settle, and adjust all claims under Borrower’s insurance policies; (e) pay, contest or settle any Lien, charge, encumbrance, security interest, and adverse claim in or to the Collateral, or any judgment based thereon, or otherwise take any action to terminate or discharge the same; and (f) transfer the Collateral into the name of Bank or a third party as the Code permits. Borrower hereby appoints Bank as its lawful attorney-in-fact to sign Borrower’s name on any documents necessary to perfect or continue the perfection of Bank’s security interest in the Collateral regardless of whether an Event of Default has occurred until all Obligations have been satisfied in full and Bank is under no further obligation to make Credit Extensions hereunder. Bank’s foregoing appointment as Borrower’s attorney in fact, and all of Bank’s rights and powers, coupled with an interest, are irrevocable until all Obligations have been fully repaid and performed and Bank’s obligation to provide Credit Extensions terminates.
9.3      Protective Payments . If Borrower fails to obtain the insurance called for by Section 6.7 or fails to pay any premium thereon or fails to pay any other amount which Borrower is obligated to pay under this Agreement or any other Loan Document or which may be required to preserve the Collateral, Bank may obtain such insurance or make such payment, and all amounts so paid by Bank are Bank Expenses and immediately due and payable, bearing interest at the then highest rate applicable to the Obligations, and secured by the Collateral. Bank will make reasonable efforts to provide Borrower with notice of Bank obtaining such insurance at the time it is obtained or within a reasonable time thereafter. No payments by Bank are deemed an agreement to make similar payments in the future or Bank’s waiver of any Event of Default.
9.4      Application of Payments and Proceeds . If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, Bank shall have the right to apply in any order any funds in its possession, whether from Borrower account balances, payments, proceeds realized as the result of any collection of Accounts or other disposition of the Collateral, or otherwise, to the Obligations. Bank shall pay any surplus to Borrower by credit to the Designated Deposit Account or to other Persons legally entitled thereto; Borrower shall remain liable to Bank for any deficiency. If Bank, directly or indirectly, enters into a deferred payment or other credit transaction with any purchaser at any sale of Collateral, Bank shall have the option, exercisable at any time, of either reducing the Obligations by the principal amount of the purchase price or deferring the reduction of the Obligations until the actual receipt by Bank of cash therefor.
9.5      Bank’s Liability for Collateral . So long as Bank complies with reasonable banking practices regarding the safekeeping of the Collateral in the possession or under the control of Bank,

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Bank shall not be liable or responsible for: (a) the safekeeping of the Collateral; (b) any loss or damage to the Collateral; (c) any diminution in the value of the Collateral; or (d) any act or default of any carrier, warehouseman, bailee, or other Person. Borrower bears all risk of loss, damage or destruction of the Collateral.
9.6      No Waiver; Remedies Cumulative . Bank’s failure, at any time or times, to require strict performance by Borrower of any provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall not waive, affect, or diminish any right of Bank thereafter to demand strict performance and compliance herewith or therewith. No waiver hereunder shall be effective unless signed by the party granting the waiver and then is only effective for the specific instance and purpose for which it is given. Bank’s rights and remedies under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents are cumulative. Bank has all rights and remedies provided under the Code, by law, or in equity. Bank’s exercise of one right or remedy is not an election and shall not preclude Bank from exercising any other remedy under this Agreement or other remedy available at law or in equity, and Bank’s waiver of any Event of Default is not a continuing waiver. Bank’s delay in exercising any remedy is not a waiver, election, or acquiescence.
9.7      Demand Waiver . Borrower waives demand, notice of default or dishonor, notice of payment and nonpayment, notice of any default, nonpayment at maturity, release, compromise, settlement, extension, or renewal of accounts, documents, instruments, chattel paper, and guarantees held by Bank on which Borrower is liable.
9.8      Borrower Liability . Either Borrower may, acting singly, request Advances hereunder.  Each Borrower hereby appoints the other as agent for the other for all purposes hereunder, including with respect to requesting Advances hereunder. Each Borrower hereunder shall be jointly and severally obligated to repay all Advances made hereunder, regardless of which Borrower actually receives said Advance, as if each Borrower hereunder directly received all Advances.  Each Borrower waives (a) any suretyship defenses available to it under the Code or any other applicable law, and (b) any right to require Bank to: (i) proceed against any Borrower or any other person; (ii) proceed against or exhaust any security; or (iii) pursue any other remedy.  Bank may exercise or not exercise any right or remedy it has against any Borrower or any security it holds (including the right to foreclose by judicial or non-judicial sale) without affecting any Borrower’s liability.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or other related document, each Borrower irrevocably waives all rights that it may have at law or in equity (including, without limitation, any law subrogating Borrower to the rights of Bank under this Agreement) to seek contribution, indemnification or any other form of reimbursement from any other Borrower, or any other Person now or hereafter primarily or secondarily liable for any of the Obligations, for any payment made by Borrower with respect to the Obligations in connection with this Agreement or otherwise and all rights that it might have to benefit from, or to participate in, any security for the Obligations as a result of any payment made by Borrower with respect to the Obligations in connection with this Agreement or otherwise.  Any agreement providing for indemnification, reimbursement or any other arrangement prohibited under this Section shall be null and void.  If any payment is made to a Borrower in contravention of this Section, such Borrower shall hold such payment in trust for Bank and such payment shall be promptly delivered to Bank for application to the Obligations, whether matured or unmatured.

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10      NOTICES
All notices, consents, requests, approvals, demands, or other communication by any party to this Agreement or any other Loan Document must be in writing and shall be deemed to have been validly served, given, or delivered: (a) upon the earlier of actual receipt and three (3) Business Days after deposit in the U.S. mail, first class, registered or certified mail return receipt requested, with proper postage prepaid; (b) upon transmission, when sent by electronic mail or facsimile transmission; (c) one (1) Business Day after deposit with a reputable overnight courier with all charges prepaid; or (d) when delivered, if hand-delivered by messenger, all of which shall be addressed to the party to be notified and sent to the address, facsimile number, or email address indicated below. Bank or Borrower may change its mailing or electronic mail address or facsimile number by giving the other party written notice thereof in accordance with the terms of this Section 10.
If to Borrower:    Workiva LLC
    55 West Monroe Street, Suite 3490
    Chicago, Illinois 60603
    Attn: Stuart Miller, Chief Financial Officer
    Email: stuart.miller@workiva.com
with a copy to:    Workiva LLC
    2900 University Boulevard
    Ames, Iowa 50010
    Attn: Jill Klindt
    Email: jill.klindt@workiva.com
If to Bank:        Silicon Valley Bank
                380 Interlocken Crescent, Suite 600                                Broomfield, Colorado 80021
                Attn: Jay Wefel
                Fax: (303) 469-4934
                Email: jwefel@svb.com                 
with a copy to:        Riemer & Braunstein LLP
                Three Center Plaza
                Boston, Massachusetts 02108
                Attn: Charles W. Stavros, Esquire
                Fax: (617) 880-3456
                Email: cstavros@riemerlaw.com
11      CHOICE OF LAW, VENUE, JURY TRIAL WAIVER
Except as otherwise expressly provided in any of the Loan Documents, New York law governs the Loan Documents without regard to principles of conflicts of law. Borrower and Bank each submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the State and Federal courts in New York; provided, however, that nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to operate to preclude Bank from bringing

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suit or taking other legal action in any other jurisdiction to realize on the Collateral or any other security for the Obligations, or to enforce a judgment or other court order in favor of Bank. Borrower expressly submits and consents in advance to such jurisdiction in any action or suit commenced in any such court, and Borrower hereby waives any objection that it may have based upon lack of personal jurisdiction, improper venue, or forum non conveniens and hereby consents to the granting of such legal or equitable relief as is deemed appropriate by such court. Borrower hereby waives personal service of the summons, complaints, and other process issued in such action or suit and agrees that service of such summons, complaints, and other process may be made by registered or certified mail addressed to Borrower at the address set forth in Section 10 of this Agreement and that service so made shall be deemed completed upon the earlier to occur of Borrower’s actual receipt thereof or three (3) days after deposit in the U.S. mails, proper postage prepaid.
TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, BORROWER AND BANK EACH WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING OUT OF OR BASED UPON THIS AGREEMENT, THE LOAN DOCUMENTS OR ANY CONTEMPLATED TRANSACTION, INCLUDING CONTRACT, TORT, BREACH OF DUTY AND ALL OTHER CLAIMS. THIS WAIVER IS A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT FOR BOTH PARTIES TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT. EACH PARTY HAS REVIEWED THIS WAIVER WITH ITS COUNSEL .
This Section 11 shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
12      GENERAL PROVISIONS
12.1      Termination Prior to Revolving Line Maturity Date; Survival . All covenants, representations and warranties made in this Agreement shall continue in full force until this Agreement has terminated pursuant to its terms and all Obligations have been satisfied. So long as Borrower has satisfied the Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations, any other obligations which, by their terms, are to survive the termination of this Agreement, and any Obligations under Bank Services Agreements that are cash collateralized in accordance with Section 4.1 of this Agreement), this Agreement may be terminated prior to the Revolving Line Maturity Date by Borrower, effective three (3) Business Days after written notice of termination is given to Bank. Those obligations that are expressly specified in this Agreement as surviving this Agreement’s termination shall continue to survive notwithstanding this Agreement’s termination.
12.2      Successors and Assigns . This Agreement binds and is for the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of each party. Borrower may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations under it without Bank’s prior written consent (which may be granted or withheld in Bank’s discretion). Bank has the right, without the consent of or notice to Borrower, to sell, transfer, assign, negotiate, or grant participation in all or any part of, or any interest in, Bank’s obligations, rights, and benefits under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.
12.3      Indemnification . Borrower agrees to indemnify, defend and hold Bank and its directors, officers, employees, agents, attorneys, or any other Person affiliated with or representing Bank (each, an “ Indemnified Person ”) harmless against: (i) all obligations, demands, claims, and liabilities (collectively, “ Claims ”) claimed or asserted by any other party in connection with the

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transactions contemplated by the Loan Documents; and (ii) all losses or expenses (including Bank Expenses) in any way suffered, incurred, or paid by such Indemnified Person as a result of, following from, consequential to, or arising from transactions between Bank and Borrower (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses), except for Claims and/or losses directly caused by such Indemnified Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.
This Section 12.3 shall survive until all statutes of limitation with respect to the Claims, losses, and expenses for which indemnity is given shall have run.
12.4      Time of Essence . Time is of the essence for the performance of all Obligations in this Agreement.
12.5      Severability of Provisions . Each provision of this Agreement is severable from every other provision in determining the enforceability of any provision.
12.6      Correction of Loan Documents . Bank may correct patent errors and fill in any blanks in the Loan Documents consistent with the agreement of the parties.
12.7      Amendments in Writing; Waiver; Integration . No purported amendment or modification of any Loan Document, or waiver, discharge or termination of any obligation under any Loan Document, shall be enforceable or admissible unless, and only to the extent, expressly set forth in a writing signed by the party against which enforcement or admission is sought. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, no oral promise or statement, nor any action, inaction, delay, failure to require performance or course of conduct shall operate as, or evidence, an amendment, supplement or waiver or have any other effect on any Loan Document. Any waiver granted shall be limited to the specific circumstance expressly described in it, and shall not apply to any subsequent or other circumstance, whether similar or dissimilar, or give rise to, or evidence, any obligation or commitment to grant any further waiver. The Loan Documents represent the entire agreement about this subject matter and supersede prior negotiations or agreements. All prior agreements, understandings, representations, warranties, and negotiations between the parties about the subject matter of the Loan Documents merge into the Loan Documents.
12.8      Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by different parties on separate counterparts, each of which, when executed and delivered, is an original, and all taken together, constitute one Agreement.
12.9      Confidentiality . In handling any confidential information, Bank shall exercise the same degree of care that it exercises for its own proprietary information, but disclosure of information may be made: (a) to Bank’s Subsidiaries or Affiliates (such Subsidiaries and Affiliates, together with Bank, collectively, “ Bank Entities ”); (b) to prospective transferees or purchasers of any interest in the Credit Extensions ( provided , however , Bank shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any prospective transferee’s or purchaser’s agreement to the terms of this provision); (c) as required by law, regulation, subpoena, or other order; (d) to Bank’s regulators or as otherwise required in connection with Bank’s examination or audit; (e) as Bank considers appropriate in exercising remedies under the Loan Documents; and (f) to third-party service providers of Bank so long as such service providers have executed a confidentiality agreement with Bank with terms no

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less restrictive than those contained herein. Confidential information does not include information that is either: (i) in the public domain or in Bank’s possession when disclosed to Bank, or becomes part of the public domain (other than as a result of its disclosure by Bank in violation of this Agreement) after disclosure to Bank; or (ii) disclosed to Bank by a third party, if Bank does not know that the third party is prohibited from disclosing the information.
Bank Entities may use confidential information for the development of secure databases, reporting purposes, and market analysis so long as such confidential information is aggregated and anonymized prior to distribution unless otherwise expressly permitted by Borrower.  The provisions of the immediately preceding sentence shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
12.10      Attorneys’ Fees, Costs and Expenses . In any action or proceeding between Borrower and Bank arising out of or relating to the Loan Documents, the Bank shall be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred, in addition to any other relief to which it may be entitled.
12.11      Electronic Execution of Documents . The words “execution,” “signed,” “signature” and words of like import in any Loan Document shall be deemed to include electronic signatures or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a manually executed signature or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping systems, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including, without limitation, any state law based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.
(a)      Right of Setoff . Borrower hereby grants to Bank a Lien and a right of setoff as security for all Obligations to Bank, whether now existing or hereafter arising upon and against all deposits, credits, collateral and property, now or hereafter in the possession, custody, safekeeping or control of Bank or any entity under the control of Bank (including a subsidiary of Bank) or in transit to any of them. The provisions of the previous sentence shall not apply to deposit accounts exclusively used for payroll, payroll taxes, and other employee wage and benefit payments to or for the benefit of Borrower’s employees and identified to Bank by Borrower as such. At any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, without demand or notice, Bank may setoff the same or any part thereof and apply the same to any liability or Obligation of Borrower even though unmatured and regardless of the adequacy of any other collateral securing the Obligations. ANY AND ALL RIGHTS TO REQUIRE BANK TO EXERCISE ITS RIGHTS OR REMEDIES WITH RESPECT TO ANY OTHER COLLATERAL WHICH SECURES THE OBLIGATIONS, PRIOR TO EXERCISING ITS RIGHT OF SETOFF WITH RESPECT TO SUCH DEPOSITS, CREDITS OR OTHER PROPERTY OF BORROWER, ARE HEREBY KNOWINGLY, VOLUNTARILY AND IRREVOCABLY WAIVED.
12.12      Captions . The headings used in this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.
12.13      Construction of Agreement . The parties mutually acknowledge that they and their attorneys have participated in the preparation and negotiation of this Agreement. In cases of

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uncertainty this Agreement shall be construed without regard to which of the parties caused the uncertainty to exist.
12.14      Relationship . The relationship of the parties to this Agreement is determined solely by the provisions of this Agreement. The parties do not intend to create any agency, partnership, joint venture, trust, fiduciary or other relationship with duties or incidents different from those of parties to an arm’s-length contract.
12.15      Third Parties . Nothing in this Agreement, whether express or implied, is intended to: (a) confer any benefits, rights or remedies under or by reason of this Agreement on any persons other than the express parties to it and their respective permitted successors and assigns; (b) relieve or discharge the obligation or liability of any person not an express party to this Agreement; or (c) give any person not an express party to this Agreement any right of subrogation or action against any party to this Agreement.
13      DEFINITIONS
13.1      Definitions . As used in the Loan Documents, the word “shall” is mandatory, the word “may” is permissive, the word “or” is not exclusive, the words “includes” and “including” are not limiting, and the singular includes the plural. As used in this Agreement, the following capitalized terms have the following meanings:
Account ” is any “account” as defined in the Code with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made, and includes, without limitation, all accounts receivable and other sums owing to Borrower .
Account Debtor ” is any “account debtor” as defined in the Code with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made.
Advance ” or “ Advances ” means a revolving credit loan (or revolving credit loans) under the Revolving Line.
Affiliate ” is, with respect to any Person, each other Person that owns or controls directly or indirectly the Person, any Person that controls or is controlled by or is under common control with the Person, and each of that Person’s senior executive officers, directors, partners and, for any Person that is a limited liability company, that Person’s managers and members.
Agreement ” is defined in the preamble hereof.
Authorized Signer ” is any individual listed in Borrower’s Borrowing Resolution who is authorized to execute the Loan Documents, including any Advance request, on behalf of Borrower.
Availability Amount ” is (a) the lesser of (i) the Revolving Line or (ii) the amount available under the Borrowing Base minus (b) the outstanding principal balance of any Advances minus (c) the aggregate Dollar Equivalent amount of all outstanding Letters of Credit (including drawn but unreimbursed Letters of Credit) plus an amount equal to the Letter of Credit Reserve.
The following definitions are utilized in calculating and determining the Availability Amount:

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Advance Rate ” is four hundred percent (400%); provided , that Bank may reduce the foregoing Advance Rate in consultation with Borrower based on events or conditions as determined by Bank, in its reasonable discretion.
Annualized Customer Retention Rate ” is a percentage equal to the sum of (a) one hundred percent (100%) minus (b) the product of (i) Quarterly Churn multiplied by (ii) four (4).
Borrowing Base ” is the product of (i) Advance Rate, multiplied by (ii) Annualized Customer Retention Rate, multiplied by (iii) the most recent month’s Recurring Revenue.
Quarterly Churn ” is the number of Recurring Revenue clients lost in the most recent quarter due to customer attrition divided by the number of Recurring Revenue from the last day of the prior quarter. The Quarterly Churn shall be calculated by Bank based on information provided by Borrower and acceptable to Bank, in its reasonable discretion.
Recurring Revenue ” is, for any calendar month, the software license and subscription rental revenue of Borrower received from customer contracts in the ordinary course of Borrower’s business, in each case determined in accordance with GAAP and specifically excluding revenue or accounts receivable based on (i) sales of inventory, goods or equipment, (ii) transaction revenue not received in the ordinary course of business, (iii) sales of services not in the ordinary course of business, (iv) revenue received due to one-time, non-recurring transactions, (v) add-on purchases by Borrower’s existing clients not resulting in a continuing stream of revenue, (vi) non-recurring, non-continuous or irregular sources of revenue (including, without limitation, non-recurring set-up fees, etc.) and (vii) such other exclusions as Bank shall determine, in its reasonable discretion and after consultation with Borrower.
For example, if the Borrower ends the first quarter with 1,000 Recurring Revenue clients and then lost 20 Recurring Revenue clients in the second quarter, Quarterly Churn would equal 2%. As such, the Annualized Customer Retention Rate would be 92% (100% minus (2% multiplied by 4)). The Availability Amount for the next quarter would be the lesser of the Revolving Line or (400% multiplied by .92 multiplied by the most recent month’s Recurring Revenue), less all outstanding Advances.
Bank ” is defined in the preamble hereof.
Bank Entities ” is defined in Section 12.9.
Bank Expenses ” are all reasonable and actually incurred audit fees and expenses, costs, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) for preparing, amending, negotiating, administering, defending and enforcing the Loan Documents (including, without limitation, those incurred in connection with appeals or Insolvency Proceedings) or otherwise incurred with respect to Borrower.

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Bank Services ”  are any products, credit services, and/or financial accommodations previously, now, or hereafter provided to Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries by Bank or any Bank Affiliate, including, without limitation, any letters of credit, cash management services (including, without limitation, merchant services, direct deposit of payroll, business credit cards, and check cashing services), interest rate swap arrangements, and foreign exchange services as any such products or services may be identified in Bank’s various agreements related thereto (each, a “ Bank Services Agreement ”).
Borrower ” is defined in the preamble hereof.
Borrower’s Books ” are all Borrower’s books and records including ledgers, federal and state tax returns, records regarding Borrower’s assets or liabilities, the Collateral, business operations or financial condition, and all computer programs or storage or any equipment containing such information.
Borrowing Resolutions ” are, with respect to any Person, those resolutions adopted by such Person’s board of directors (and, if required under the terms of such Person’s Operating Documents, members) and delivered by such Person to Bank approving the Loan Documents to which such Person is a party and the transactions contemplated thereby, together with a certificate executed by its secretary on behalf of such Person certifying (a) such Person has the authority to execute, deliver, and perform its obligations under each of the Loan Documents to which it is a party, (b) that set forth as a part of or attached as an exhibit to such certificate is a true, correct, and complete copy of the resolutions then in full force and effect authorizing and ratifying the execution, delivery, and performance by such Person of the Loan Documents to which it is a party, (c) the name(s) of the Person(s) authorized to execute the Loan Documents, including any Advance request, on behalf of such Person, together with a sample of the true signature(s) of such Person(s), and (d) that Bank may conclusively rely on such certificate unless and until such Person shall have delivered to Bank a further certificate canceling or amending such prior certificate.
Business Day ” is any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which Bank is closed.
Cash Collateral Account ” is defined in Section 6.3(c).
Cash Equivalents means (a)  marketable direct obligations issued or unconditionally guaranteed by the United States or any agency or any State thereof having maturities of not more than one (1) year from the date of acquisition; (b) commercial paper maturing no more than one (1) year after its creation and having the highest rating from either Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.; (c) Bank’s certificates of deposit issued maturing no more than one (1) year after issue; and (d) money market funds at least ninety-five percent (95%) of the assets of which constitute Cash Equivalents of the kinds described in clauses (a) through (c) of this definition.
Claims ” is defined in Section 12.3.
Code ” is the Uniform Commercial Code, as the same may, from time to time, be enacted and in effect in the State of New York; provided , that , to the extent that the Code is used to define any term herein or in any Loan Document and such term is defined differently in different Articles or Divisions of the Code, the definition of such term contained in Article or Division 9

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shall govern; provided further , that in the event that, by reason of mandatory provisions of law, any or all of the attachment, perfection, or priority of, or remedies with respect to, Bank’s Lien on any Collateral is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code in effect in a jurisdiction other than the State of New York, the term “ Code ” shall mean the Uniform Commercial Code as enacted and in effect in such other jurisdiction solely for purposes of the provisions thereof relating to such attachment, perfection, priority, or remedies and for purposes of definitions relating to such provisions.

Collateral ” is any and all properties, rights and assets of Borrower described on Exhibit A .
Collateral Account ” is any Deposit Account, Securities Account, or Commodity Account.
Commodity Account is any “commodity account” as defined in the Code with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made.
Compliance Certificate ” is that certain certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B .
Contingent Obligation ” is, for any Person, any direct or indirect liability, contingent or not, of that Person for (a) any indebtedness, lease, dividend, letter of credit or other obligation of another such as an obligation, in each case, directly or indirectly guaranteed, endorsed, co‑made, discounted or sold with recourse by that Person, or for which that Person is directly or indirectly liable; (b) any obligations for undrawn letters of credit for the account of that Person; and (c) all obligations from any interest rate, currency or commodity swap agreement, interest rate cap or collar agreement, or other agreement or arrangement designated to protect a Person against fluctuation in interest rates, currency exchange rates or commodity prices; but “Contingent Obligation” does not include endorsements in the ordinary course of business. The amount of a Contingent Obligation is the stated or determined amount of the primary obligation for which the Contingent Obligation is made or, if not determinable, the maximum reasonably anticipated liability for it determined by the Person in good faith; but the amount may not exceed the maximum of the obligations under any guarantee or other support arrangement.
Control Agreement ” is any control agreement entered into among the depository institution at which Borrower maintains a Deposit Account or the securities intermediary or commodity intermediary at which Borrower maintains a Securities Account or a Commodity Account, Borrower, and Bank pursuant to which Bank obtains control (within the meaning of the Code) over such Deposit Account, Securities Account, or Commodity Account.
Copyrights ” are any and all copyright rights, copyright applications, copyright registrations and like protections in each work of authorship and derivative work thereof, whether published or unpublished and whether or not the same also constitutes a trade secret.
Credit Extension ” is any Advance, any Overadvance, Letter of Credit, FX Contract, amount utilized for cash management services, or any other extension of credit by Bank for Borrower’s benefit.

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Currency ” is coined money and such other banknotes or other paper money as are authorized by law and circulate as a medium of exchange.
Default ” means any event which with notice or passage of time or both, would constitute an Event of Default.
Default Rate ” is defined in Section 2.4(b).
Deposit Account ” is any “deposit account” as defined in the Code with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made.
Designated Deposit Account ” is the multicurrency account denominated in Dollars, account number _____________, maintained by Borrower with Bank.
Dollars , dollars ” or use of the sign “ $ ” means only lawful money of the United States and not any other currency, regardless of whether that currency uses the “$” sign to denote its currency or may be readily converted into lawful money of the United States.
Dollar Equivalent ” is, at any time, (a) with respect to any amount denominated in Dollars, such amount, and (b) with respect to any amount denominated in a Foreign Currency, the equivalent amount therefor in Dollars as determined by Bank at such time on the basis of the then-prevailing rate of exchange in San Francisco, California, for sales of the Foreign Currency for transfer to the country issuing such Foreign Currency.
Effective Date ” is defined in the preamble hereof.
Equipment ” is all “equipment” as defined in the Code with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made, and includes without limitation all machinery, fixtures, goods, vehicles (including motor vehicles and trailers), and any interest in any of the foregoing .
ERISA ” is the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and its regulations.
Event of Default ” is defined in Section 8.
Exchange Act ” is the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Foreign Currency ” means lawful money of a country other than the United States.
Funding Date ” is any date on which a Credit Extension is made to or for the account of Borrower which shall be a Business Day.
FX Contract ” is any foreign exchange contract by and between Borrower and Bank under which Borrower commits to purchase from or sell to Bank a specific amount of Foreign Currency on a specified date.
GAAP ” is generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other Person as may be approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are applicable to the circumstances as of the date of determination.
General Intangibles ” is all “general intangibles” as defined in the Code in effect on the date hereof with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made, and includes without

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limitation, all Intellectual Property, claims, income and other tax refunds, security and other deposits, payment intangibles, contract rights, options to purchase or sell real or personal property, rights in all litigation presently or hereafter pending (whether in contract, tort or otherwise), insurance policies (including without limitation key man, property damage, and business interruption insurance), payments of insurance and rights to payment of any kind.
Governmental Approval ” is any consent, authorization, approval, order, license, franchise, permit, certificate, accreditation, registration, filing or notice, of, issued by, from or to, or other act by or in respect of, any Governmental Authority.
Governmental Authority ” is any nation or government, any state or other political subdivision thereof, any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative functions of or pertaining to government, any securities exchange and any self-regulatory organization.
Indebtedness ” is (a) indebtedness for borrowed money or the deferred price of property or services, such as reimbursement and other obligations for surety bonds and letters of credit, (b) obligations evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or similar instruments, (c) capital lease obligations, and (d) Contingent Obligations.
Indemnified Person ” is defined in Section 12.3.
Initial Audit ” is Bank’ s inspection of Borrower’s Accounts, the Collateral, and Borrower’s Books, with results satisfactory to Bank in its sole and absolute discretion.
Insolvency Proceeding ” is any proceeding by or against any Person under the United States Bankruptcy Code, or any other bankruptcy or insolvency law, including assignments for the benefit of creditors, compositions, extensions generally with its creditors, or proceedings seeking reorganization, arrangement, or other relief.
Intellectual Property ” means, with respect to any Person, means all of such Person’s right, title, and interest in and to the following:

(a) its Copyrights, Trademarks and Patents;
(b) any and all trade secrets and trade secret rights, including, without limitation, any rights to unpatented inventions, know-how and operating manuals;
(c) any and all source code;
(d) any and all design rights which may be available to such Person;
(e) any and all claims for damages by way of past, present and future infringement of any of the foregoing, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect such damages for said use or infringement of the Intellectual Property rights identified above; and
(f) all amendments, renewals and extensions of any of the Copyrights, Trademarks or Patents.

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Inventory ” is all “inventory” as defined in the Code in effect on the date hereof with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made, and includes without limitation all merchandise, raw materials, parts, supplies, packing and shipping materials, work in process and finished products, including without limitation such inventory as is temporarily out of Borrower’s custody or possession or in transit and including any returned goods and any documents of title representing any of the above.
Investment ” is any beneficial ownership interest in any Person (including stock, partnership interest or other securities), and any loan, advance or capital contribution to any Person.
Key Person ” is each of Borrower’s (a) Chief Executive Officer, who is Matthew Rizai as of the Effective Date, (b) Chief Financial Officer, who is Stuart Miller as of the Effective Date, and (c) Chief Operating Officer, who is Martin Vanderploeg as of the Effective Date.
Letter of Credit” means a standby letter of credit issued by Bank or another institution based upon an application, guarantee, indemnity or similar agreement on the part of Bank as set forth in Section 2.2.2.
Letter of Credit Application ” is defined in Section 2.2.2(b).
Letter of Credit Reserve ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2.2(e).
Lien ” is a claim, mortgage, deed of trust, levy, charge, pledge, security interest or other encumbrance of any kind, whether voluntarily incurred or arising by operation of law or otherwise against any property.
Liquidity ” is, at any time, the sum of (a) (i) from the Effective Date through the date that is one hundred twenty (120) days after the Effective Date, the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash and Cash Equivalents held at such time by Borrower and (ii) thereafter, the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash and Cash Equivalents held at such time by Borrower in Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts maintained with Bank or its Affiliates or in Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts subject to Control Agreements in favor of Bank, and (b) the Availability Amount.
Loan Documents ” are, collectively, this Agreement and any schedules, exhibits, certificates, notices, and any other documents related to this Agreement, any Bank Services Agreement, any subordination agreement, any note, or notes or guaranties executed by Borrower or any Guarantor, and any other present or future agreement by Borrower and/or any Guarantor with or for the benefit of Bank in connection with this Agreement or Bank Services, all as amended, restated, or otherwise modified.
Material Adverse Change ” is (a) a material impairment in the perfection or priority of Bank’s Lien in the Collateral or in the value of such Collateral; (b) a material adverse change in the business, operations, or condition (financial or otherwise) of Borrower; (c) a material impairment of the prospect of repayment of any portion of the Obligations; or (d) Bank determines, based upon information available to it and in its reasonable judgment, that there is a reasonable likelihood that Borrower shall fail to comply with one or more of the financial covenants in Section 6 during the next succeeding financial reporting period.
Monthly Financial Statements ” is defined in Section 6.2(c).

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Obligations ” are Borrower’s obligations to pay when due any debts, principal, interest, fees, Bank Expenses, and other amounts Borrower owes Bank now or later, whether under this Agreement, the other Loan Documents, or otherwise, including, without limitation, all obligations relating to Letters of Credit (including reimbursement obligations for drawn and undrawn Letters of Credit), cash management services, and foreign exchange contracts, if any, and including interest accruing after Insolvency Proceedings begin and debts, liabilities, or obligations of Borrower assigned to Bank, and to perform Borrower’s duties under the Loan Documents.
Operating Documents ” are, for any Person, such Person’s formation documents, as certified by the Secretary of State (or equivalent agency) of such Person’s jurisdiction of organization on a date that is no earlier than thirty (30) days prior to the Effective Date, and, (a) if such Person is a corporation, its bylaws in current form, (b) if such Person is a limited liability company, its limited liability company agreement (or similar agreement), and (c) if such Person is a partnership, its partnership agreement (or similar agreement), each of the foregoing with all current amendments or modifications thereto.
Overadvance ” is defined in Section 2.3.
Patents ” means all patents, patent applications and like protections including without limitation improvements, divisions, continuations, renewals, reissues, extensions and continuations-in-part of the same.
Perfection Certificate ” is defined in Section 5.1.
Permitted Indebtedness ” is:
(a) Borrower’s Indebtedness to Bank under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents;
(b) Indebtedness existing on the Effective Date and shown on the Perfection Certificate;
(c) Subordinated Debt;
(d) unsecured Indebtedness to trade creditors incurred in the ordinary course of business;
(e) Indebtedness incurred as a result of endorsing negotiable instruments received in the ordinary course of business;
(f) Indebtedness secured by Liens permitted under clauses (a) and (c) of the definition of “Permitted Liens” hereunder;
(g) Indebtedness of Borrower owed to Bankers Trust and Morgan Stanley under letters of credit existing as of the Effective Date issued by such financial institutions in an aggregate amount not to exceed Four Hundred Twenty Six Thousand Dollars ($426,000);
(h) extensions, refinancings, modifications, amendments and restatements of any items of Permitted Indebtedness (a) through (g) above, provided that the principal

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amount thereof is not increased or the terms thereof are not modified to impose more burdensome terms upon Borrower or its Subsidiary, as the case may be.
Permitted Investments ” are:
(a) Investments (including, without limitation, Subsidiaries) existing on the Effective Date and shown on the Perfection Certificate;
(b) Investments consisting of Cash Equivalents;
(c) Investments consisting of the endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of Borrower;
(d) Investments consisting of deposit accounts in which Bank has a perfected security interest;
(e) Investments accepted in connection with Transfers permitted by Section 7.1;
(f) Investments consisting of the creation of a Subsidiary for the purpose of consummating a merger transaction permitted by Section 7.3 of this Agreement, which is otherwise a Permitted Investment;
(g) Investments consisting of (i) travel advances and employee relocation loans and other employee loans and advances in the ordinary course of business, and (ii) loans to employees, officers or directors relating to the purchase of equity securities of Borrower or its Subsidiaries pursuant to employee stock purchase plans or agreements approved by Borrower’s Board of Directors;
(h) Investments (including debt obligations) received in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of customers or suppliers and in settlement of delinquent obligations of, and other disputes with, customers or suppliers arising in the ordinary course of business; and
(i) Investments consisting of notes receivable of, or prepaid royalties and other credit extensions, to customers and suppliers who are not Affiliates, in the ordinary course of business; provided that this paragraph (i) shall not apply to Investments of Borrower in any Subsidiary.
Permitted Liens ” are:
(a) Liens existing on the Effective Date and shown on the Perfection Certificate or arising under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents;
(b) Liens for taxes, fees, assessments or other government charges or levies, either (i) not due and payable or (ii) being contested in good faith and for which Borrower maintains adequate reserves on its Books, provided that no notice of any such Lien has been filed or recorded

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under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Treasury Regulations adopted thereunder;
(c) purchase money Liens (i) on Equipment acquired or held by Borrower incurred for financing the acquisition of the Equipment securing no more than Four Million Dollars ($4,000,000) in the aggregate amount outstanding, or (ii) existing on Equipment when acquired, if the Lien is confined to the property and improvements and the proceeds of the Equipment;
(d) Liens of carriers, warehousemen, suppliers, or other Persons that are possessory in nature arising in the ordinary course of business so long as such Liens attach only to Inventory and which are not delinquent or remain payable without penalty or which are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings which proceedings have the effect of preventing the forfeiture or sale of the property subject thereto;
(e) Liens to secure payment of workers’ compensation, employment insurance, old-age pensions, social security and other like obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business (other than Liens imposed by ERISA);
(f) Liens incurred in the extension, renewal or refinancing of the Indebtedness secured by Liens described in (a) through (c), but any extension, renewal or replacement Lien must be limited to the property encumbered by the existing Lien and the principal amount of the indebtedness may not increase;
(g) leases or subleases of real property granted in the ordinary course of Borrower’s business (or, if referring to another Person, in the ordinary course of such Person’s business), and leases, subleases, non-exclusive licenses or sublicenses of personal property (other than Intellectual Property) granted in the ordinary course of Borrower’s business (or, if referring to another Person, in the ordinary course of such Person’s business), if the leases, subleases, licenses and sublicenses do not prohibit granting Bank a security interest therein;
(h) non-exclusive license of Intellectual Property granted to third parties in the ordinary course of business, and licenses of Intellectual Property that could not result in a legal transfer of title of the licensed property that may be exclusive in respects other than territory and that may be exclusive as to territory only as to discrete geographical areas outside of the United States;
(i) Liens arising from attachments or judgments, orders, or decrees in circumstances not constituting an Event of Default under Sections 8.4 and 8.7; and
(j) Liens in favor of Bankers Trust and Morgan Stanley securing Indebtedness described in clause (g) of the definition of Permitted Indebtedness.
Person ” is any individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, company, trust, unincorporated organization, association, corporation, institution, public benefit corporation, firm, joint stock company, estate, entity or government agency.

-38-



Prime Rate ” is the rate of interest per annum from time to time published in the money rates section of The Wall Street Journal or any successor publication thereto as the “prime rate” then in effect; provided that if such rate of interest, as set forth from time to time in the money rates section of The Wall Street Journal, becomes unavailable for any reason as determined by Bank, the “Prime Rate” shall mean the rate of interest per annum announced by Bank as its prime rate in effect at its principal office in the State of California (such Bank announced Prime Rate not being intended to be the lowest rate of interest charged by Bank in connection with extensions of credit to debtors).
Registered Organization ” is any “registered organization” as defined in the Code with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made.
Requirement of Law ” is as to any Person, the organizational or governing documents of such Person, and any law (statutory or common), treaty, rule or regulation or determination of an arbitrator or a court or other Governmental Authority, in each case applicable to or binding upon such Person or any of its property or to which such Person or any of its property is subject.
Reserves ” means, as of any date of determination, such amounts as Bank may from time to time establish and revise in its good faith business judgment, reducing the amount of Advances and other financial accommodations which would otherwise be available to Borrower (a) to reflect events, conditions, contingencies or risks which, as determined by Bank in its good faith business judgment, do or may adversely affect (i) the Collateral or any other property which is security for the Obligations or its value (including without limitation any increase in delinquencies of Accounts), (ii) the assets, business or prospects of Borrower or any Guarantor, or (iii) the security interests and other rights of Bank in the Collateral (including the enforceability, perfection and priority thereof); or (b) to reflect Bank's reasonable belief that any collateral report or financial information furnished by or on behalf of Borrower or any Guarantor to Bank is or may have been incomplete, inaccurate or misleading in any material respect; or (c) in respect of any state of facts which Bank determines constitutes an Event of Default or may, with notice or passage of time or both, constitute an Event of Default.
Responsible Officer ” is any of the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer of Borrower.
Restricted License ” is any material license or other agreement with respect to which Borrower is the licensee (a) that prohibits or otherwise restricts Borrower from granting a security interest in Borrower’s interest in such license or agreement or any other property, or (b) for which a default under or termination of could interfere with the Bank’s right to sell any Collateral.
Revolving Line ” is an aggregate principal amount not to exceed Fifteen Million Dollars ($15,000,000) outstanding at any time.
Revolving Line Maturity Date ” is August 22, 2016. [ two years after Effective Date ]
SEC ” shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission, any successor thereto, and any analogous Governmental Authority.

-39-



Securities Account is any “securities account” as defined in the Code with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made.
Subordinated Debt ” is indebtedness incurred by Borrower subordinated to all of Borrower’s now or hereafter indebtedness to Bank (pursuant to a subordination, intercreditor, or other similar agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Bank entered into between Bank and the other creditor), on terms acceptable to Bank.
Subsidiary ” is, as to any Person, a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity of which shares of stock or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power (other than stock or such other ownership interests having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency) to elect a majority of the board of directors or other managers of such corporation, partnership or other entity are at the time owned, or the management of which is otherwise controlled, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, or both, by such Person. Unless the context otherwise requires, each reference to a Subsidiary herein shall be a reference to a Subsidiary of Borrower.
Trademarks ” means any trademark and servicemark rights, whether registered or not, applications to register and registrations of the same and like protections, and the entire goodwill of the business of Borrower connected with and symbolized by such trademarks.
Transaction Report ” is that certain report of transactions and schedule of collections on the Bank’s standard form.
Transfer ” is defined in Section 7.1.
Unused Revolving Line Facility Fee ” is defined in Section 2.5(c).
[ Signature page follows. ]


-40-



IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the Effective Date.

BORROWER:
WORKIVA LLC
By /s/ Matthew M. Rizai ______________________
Name:
Matthew M. Rizai ______________________
Title:
Chief Executive Officer __________________
WORKIVA INTERNATIONAL LLC
By /s/ Matthew M. Rizai ______________________
Name:
Matthew M. Rizai _____________________
Title:
President ______________________________
BANK:
SILICON VALLEY BANK
By /s/ Jay Wefel _____________________________
Name:
Jay Wefel ____________________________
Title:
Director _______________________________


1




EXHIBIT A – COLLATERAL DESCRIPTION
The Collateral consists of all of Borrower’s right, title and interest in and to the following personal property:
All goods, Accounts (including health-care receivables), Equipment, Inventory, contract rights or rights to payment of money, leases, license agreements, franchise agreements, General Intangibles (except as provided below), commercial tort claims, documents, instruments (including any promissory notes), chattel paper (whether tangible or electronic), cash, deposit accounts, fixtures, letters of credit rights (whether or not the letter of credit is evidenced by a writing), securities, and all other investment property, supporting obligations, and financial assets, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, wherever located; and
all Borrower’s Books relating to the foregoing, and any and all claims, rights and interests in any of the above and all substitutions for, additions, attachments, accessories, accessions and improvements to and replacements, products, proceeds and insurance proceeds of any or all of the foregoing.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Collateral does not include any Intellectual Property; provided , however , the Collateral shall include all Accounts and all proceeds of Intellectual Property. If a judicial authority (including a U.S. Bankruptcy Court) would hold that a security interest in the underlying Intellectual Property is necessary to have a security interest in such Accounts and such property that are proceeds of Intellectual Property, then the Collateral shall automatically, and effective as of the Effective Date, include the Intellectual Property to the extent necessary to permit perfection of Bank’s security interest in such Accounts and such other property of Borrower that are proceeds of the Intellectual Property.
Pursuant to the terms of a certain negative pledge arrangement with Bank, Borrower has agreed not to encumber any of its Intellectual Property without Bank’s prior written consent.

2



EXHIBIT B


COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

TO:        SILICON VALLEY BANK                    Date:                 
FROM:     WORKIVA LLC
WORKIVA INTERNATIONAL LLC

The undersigned authorized officer of Workiva LLC and Workiva International LLC (each and together, jointly and severally, “ Borrower ”) certifies that under the terms and conditions of the Loan and Security Agreement between Borrower and Bank (the “ Agreement ”), (1) Borrower is in complete compliance for the period ending _______________ with all required covenants except as noted below, (2) there are no Events of Default, (3) all representations and warranties in the Agreement are true and correct in all material respects on this date except as noted below; provided , however , that such materiality qualifier shall not be applicable to any representations and warranties that already are qualified or modified by materiality in the text thereof; and provided , further that those representations and warranties expressly referring to a specific date shall be true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of such date , (4) Borrower, and each of its Subsidiaries, has timely filed all required tax returns and reports, and Borrower has timely paid all foreign, federal, state and local taxes, assessments, deposits and contributions owed by Borrower except as otherwise permitted pursuant to the terms of Section 5.9 of the Agreement, and (5) no Liens have been levied or claims made against Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, if any, relating to unpaid employee payroll or benefits of which Borrower has not previously provided written notification to Bank. Attached are the required documents supporting the certification. The undersigned certifies that these are prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied from one period to the next except as explained in an accompanying letter or footnotes. The undersigned acknowledges that no borrowings may be requested at any time or date of determination that Borrower is not in compliance with any of the terms of the Agreement, and that compliance is determined not just at the date this certificate is delivered. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given them in the Agreement.

1



Please indicate compliance status by circling Yes/No under “Complies” column.
 
Reporting Covenant
Required
Complies
 
 
 
Monthly financial statements with
Compliance Certificate
Monthly within 30 days
Yes No
Annual financial statement (CPA Audited) + CC
FYE within 150 days
Yes No
10‑Q, 10‑K and 8-K
Within 5 days after filing with SEC
Yes No
A/R & A/P Agings & Deferred Revenue
Monthly within 30 days
Yes No
Transaction Reports
Monthly within 30 days
Yes No
Projections
FYE within 60 days
Yes No
 

The following Intellectual Property was registered after the Effective Date (if no registrations, state “None”)
____________________________________________________________________________


Financial Covenant
Required
Actual
Complies
 
 
 
 
Maintain as indicated:
 
 
 
Minimum Liquidity
$5,000,000
$
Yes No
Minimum Recurring Revenue
See Sec 6.9(b)
$
Yes No

The following are the exceptions with respect to the certification above: (If no exceptions exist, state “No exceptions to note.”)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WORKIVA LLC
WORKIVA INTERNATIONAL LLC


By:    
Name:    
Title:    

BANK USE ONLY

Received by: _____________________
AUTHORIZED SIGNER
Date: _________________________

Verified: ________________________
AUTHORIZED SIGNER
Date: _________________________

Compliance Status: Yes No


2



Schedule 1 to Compliance Certificate

Financial Covenants of Borrower

In the event of a conflict between this Schedule and the Loan Agreement, the terms of the Loan Agreement shall govern.

I.     Liquidity (Section 6.9(a))
Required:    $5,000,000


A.
Unrestricted cash and Cash Equivalents at Bank or in Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts subject to a Control Agreement in favor of Bank

$    

B.
Availability Amount
$    

C.
Liquidity (line A plus line B)
$    


Is line C equal to or greater than $5,000,000?

  No, not in compliance                            Yes, in compliance



1



II.     Minimum Recurring Revenue to Plan (Section 6.9 (b))

Required:
As of the last day of each quarter on a trailing three (3) month basis, Borrower’s Recurring Revenue for such quarter shall not be less than the greater of (i) eighty percent (80%) of Borrower’s Recurring Revenue for such quarter as outlined in Borrower’s business plan approved by its board of directors or (ii) Borrower’s Recurring Revenue for the prior quarter.


Actual:

A.
Recurring Revenue
$    


Is the value of lines A at least equal to the greater of (i) 80% of the value projected for Recurring Revenue in Borrower’s business plan or (ii) Borrower’s Recurring Revenue for the prior quarter?

  No, not in compliance                            Yes, in compliance


1



FIRST AMENDMENT
TO
LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

This First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (this “Amendment”) is entered into this 16th day of October, 2014, effective as of September 30, 2014, by and between (i) SILICON VALLEY BANK (“ Bank ”) and (i) WORKIVA LLC , a Delaware limited liability company (“ Workiva ”) and WORKIVA INTERNATIONAL LLC , a Delaware limited liability company (“ International ”, and together with Workiva, each and together, jointly and severally, “ Borrower ”) whose address is 55 West Monroe Street, Suite 3490, Chicago, Illinois 60603.
RECITALS
A.     Bank and Borrower have entered into that certain Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 22, 2014 (as the same may from time to time be further amended, modified, supplemented or restated, the “Loan Agreement”).
B.     Bank has extended credit to Borrower for the purposes permitted in the Loan Agreement.
C.     Borrower has requested that Bank amend the Loan Agreement to (i) revise the Collateral description, and (ii) make certain other revisions to the Loan Agreement as more fully set forth herein.
D.     Bank has agreed to so amend certain provisions of the Loan Agreement, but only to the extent, in accordance with the terms, subject to the conditions and in reliance upon the representations and warranties set forth below.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing recitals and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which is hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Amendment shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan Agreement.
2.      Amendments to Loan Agreement.
2.1      Section 2.2.2(a) ( Letters of Credit ). Section 2.2.2(a) is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following:
“(a)    Bank shall issue or have issued Letters of Credit denominated in Dollars or a Foreign Currency for Borrower’s account. The aggregate Dollar Equivalent amount utilized for the issuance of Letters of Credit (other than the amount utilized for the issuance of the IEDA Letters of Credit) shall at all times reduce the amount otherwise available for Advances under the Revolving Line. The aggregate Dollar Equivalent of the face amount of outstanding Letters of Credit other than the IEDA Letters of Credit (including drawn but unreimbursed Letters of Credit and any Letter of Credit Reserve, but excluding the IEDA Letters of Credit) may not exceed (i) the lesser of (A) the Revolving Line or (B) the Borrowing Base, minus (ii) the sum of all outstanding principal amounts of any Advances

2



(including any amounts used for cash management services and the aggregate Dollar Equivalent of the face amount of any outstanding Letters of Credit other than the IEDA Letters of Credit (including drawn but unreimbursed Letters of Credit and any Letter of Credit Reserve, but excluding the IEDA Letters of Credit) and minus (iii) an amount equal to ten percent (10.0%) of each outstanding FX Contract.”

2.2      Section 6.4 (Remittance of Proceeds) . Section 6.4 is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following:
6.4    Remittance of Proceeds . Except as otherwise provided in Section 6.3(c), deliver, in kind, all proceeds arising from the disposition of any Collateral to Bank in the original form in which received by Borrower not later than the following Business Day after receipt by Borrower, to be applied to the Obligations (a) prior to an Event of Default, pursuant to the terms of Section 2.6(b) hereof, and (b) after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, pursuant to the terms of Section 9.4 hereof; provided that, if no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, Borrower shall not be obligated to remit to Bank (i) the proceeds of the sale of worn out or obsolete Equipment disposed of by Borrower in good faith in an arm’s length transaction for an aggregate purchase price of Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000) or less (for all such transactions in any fiscal year), or (ii) the proceeds from the granting of a license to third parties with respect to any Collateral consisting of Intellectual Property, including, without limitation, the proceeds from the licensing of software. Borrower agrees that it will not commingle proceeds of Collateral with any of Borrower’s other funds or property, but will hold such proceeds separate and apart from such other funds and property and in an express trust for Bank. Nothing in this Section limits the restrictions on disposition of Collateral set forth elsewhere in this Agreement.”

2.3      Section 6.10 (Protection of Intellectual Property Rights) . Section 6.10 is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following:
6.10    Protection and Registration of Intellectual Property Rights .

(a)    (i) Protect, defend and maintain the validity and enforceability of its Intellectual Property material to the operation of its business; (ii) promptly advise Bank in writing of material infringements or any other event that could reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect the value of its Intellectual Property material to the operation of its business; and (iii) not allow any Intellectual Property material to Borrower’s business to be abandoned, forfeited or dedicated to the public without Bank’s written consent, except that Bank’s written consent is not required with respect to Borrower’s decision in the ordinary course of its business consistent with past practices to abandon, forfeit or otherwise dispose of Intellectual Property where such Intellectual Property is not material to the operation of its business.

(b)    Provide written notice to Bank within ten (10) days of entering or becoming bound by any Restricted License (other than over-the-counter software that is commercially available to the public) that is material to the operation of its business. Borrower shall take such commercially reasonable steps as Bank requests in writing to request the consent of, or waiver by, any person whose consent or waiver is necessary for (i) any Restricted License to be deemed “Collateral” and for Bank to have a security interest

3



in it that might otherwise be restricted or prohibited by law or by the terms of any such Restricted License, whether now existing or entered into in the future, and (ii) Bank to have the ability in the event of a liquidation of any Collateral to dispose of such Collateral in accordance with Bank’s rights and remedies under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.

(c)    To the extent not already disclosed in writing to Bank, if Borrower (i) obtains any Patent, registered Trademark, registered Copyright, registered mask work, or any pending application for any of the foregoing, whether as owner, licensee or otherwise, or (ii) applies for any Patent or the registration of any Trademark, then Borrower shall provide written notice thereof to Bank in the next Compliance Certificate delivered to Bank and shall execute such intellectual property security agreements and other documents and take such other actions as Bank may request in its good faith business judgment to perfect and maintain a first priority perfected security interest in favor of Bank in such Intellectual Property. If Borrower decides to register any Copyrights or mask works in the United States Copyright Office, Borrower shall: (x) provide Bank with written notice in the next Compliance Certificate delivered to Bank of Borrower’s intent to register such Copyrights or mask works together with a copy of the application it intends to file with the United States Copyright Office (excluding exhibits thereto); (y) execute an intellectual property security agreement and such other documents and take such other actions as Bank may request in its good faith business judgment to perfect and maintain a first priority perfected security interest in favor of Bank in the Copyrights or mask works intended to be registered with the United States Copyright Office; and (z) authorize Bank to record such intellectual property security agreement with the United States Copyright Office.”

2.4      Section 7.1 (Dispositions) . Section 7.1 is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following:
7.1    Dispositions . Convey, sell, lease, transfer, assign, or otherwise dispose of (collectively, “ Transfer ”), or permit any of its Subsidiaries to Transfer, all or any part of its business or property, except for Transfers (a) of Inventory in the ordinary course of business; (b) of worn-out or obsolete Equipment that is, in the reasonable judgment of Borrower, no longer economically practicable to maintain or useful in the ordinary course of business of Borrower; (c) consisting of Permitted Liens and Permitted Investments; (d) consisting of the sale or issuance of any stock of Borrower permitted under Section 7.2 of this Agreement; (e) consisting of Borrower’s use or transfer of money or Cash Equivalents in a manner that is not prohibited by the terms of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents; and (f) of Intellectual Property in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices where such Intellectual Property is not material to the operation of its business.”

2.5      Section 13 (Definitions) . The following new terms and their respective definitions are inserted in Section 13.1 in their applicable alphabetical order:
First Amendment Effective Date means September 30, 2014.

IEDA Letters of Credit ” means, collectively, (i) Letter of Credit No. SVBSF009273 in the face amount of $1,983,333 issued by Bank for the benefit of the Iowa Economic Development Authority and (ii) Letter of Credit No. SVBSF009270 in the face

4



amount of $2,259,000 issued by Bank for the benefit of the Iowa Economic Development Authority.

IP Agreement ” is that certain Intellectual Property Security Agreement executed and delivered by Borrower to Bank dated as of October ___, 2014, effective as of the First Amendment Effective Date.

2.6      Section 13 ( Definitions ). The following terms and their respective definitions set forth in Section 13.1 are amended in their entirety and replaced with the following:
Availability Amount ” is (a) the lesser of (i) the Revolving Line or (ii) the amount available under the Borrowing Base minus (b) the outstanding principal balance of any Advances minus (c) the aggregate Dollar Equivalent amount of all outstanding Letters of Credit other than the IEDA Letters of Credit (including drawn but unreimbursed Letters of Credit, but excluding the IEDA Letters of Credit) plus an amount equal to the Letter of Credit Reserve.
Loan Documents ” are, collectively, this Agreement and any schedules, exhibits, certificates, notices, and any other documents related to this Agreement, the IP Agreement, any Bank Services Agreement, any subordination agreement, any note, or notes or guaranties executed by Borrower or any Guarantor, and any other present or future agreement by Borrower and/or any Guarantor with or for the benefit of Bank in connection with this Agreement or Bank Services, all as amended, restated, or otherwise modified.
2.7      Exhibit A (Collateral Description) . The description of Collateral is amended in its entirety and replaced with the description of Collateral in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.
3.      Limitation of Amendments.
3.1      The amendments set forth in Section 2 , above, are effective for the purposes set forth herein and shall be limited precisely as written and shall not be deemed to (a) be a consent to any amendment, waiver or modification of any other term or condition of any Loan Document, or (b) otherwise prejudice any right or remedy which Bank may now have or may have in the future under or in connection with any Loan Document.
3.2      This Amendment shall be construed in connection with and as part of the Loan Documents and all terms, conditions, representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth in the Loan Documents, except as herein amended, are hereby ratified and confirmed and shall remain in full force and effect.
4.      Representations and Warranties. To induce Bank to enter into this Amendment, Borrower hereby represents and warrants to Bank as follows:
4.1      Immediately after giving effect to this Amendment (a) the representations and warranties contained in the Loan Documents are true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of the date hereof (except to the extent such representations and warranties relate to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct as of such date), and (b) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing;

5



4.2      Borrower has the power and authority to execute and deliver this Amendment and to perform its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment;
4.3      Except for the Certificate of Conversion and Certificate of Formation of Workiva filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on September 17, 2014, the organizational documents of Borrower delivered to Bank on the Effective Date remain true, accurate and complete and have not been amended, supplemented or restated and are and continue to be in full force and effect;
4.4      The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Amendment and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, have been duly authorized;
4.5      The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Amendment and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, do not and will not contravene (a) any law or regulation binding on or affecting Borrower, (b) any contractual restriction with a Person binding on Borrower, (c) any order, judgment or decree of any court or other governmental or public body or authority, or subdivision thereof, binding on Borrower, or (d) the organizational documents of Borrower;
4.6      The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Amendment and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, do not require any order, consent, approval, license, authorization or validation of, or filing, recording or registration with, or exemption by any governmental or public body or authority, or subdivision thereof, binding on either Borrower, except as already has been obtained or made; and
4.7      This Amendment has been duly executed and delivered by Borrower and is the binding obligation of Borrower, enforceable against Borrower in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, liquidation, moratorium or other similar laws of general application and equitable principles relating to or affecting creditors’ rights.
5.      Ratification of Perfection Certificate . Borrower hereby ratifies, confirms and reaffirms, all and singular, the terms and disclosures contained in a certain Perfection Certificate dated as of the Effective Date between Borrower and Bank, and acknowledges, confirms and agrees, except as noted in Section 4.3 above, the disclosures and information above Borrower provided to Bank in said Perfection Certificate have not changed, as of the date hereof.
6.      No Defenses of Borrower. Borrower hereby acknowledges and agrees that Borrower has no offsets, defenses, claims, or counterclaims against Bank with respect to the Obligations, or otherwise, and that if Borrower now has, or ever did have, any offsets, defenses, claims, or counterclaims against Bank, whether known or unknown, at law or in equity, all of them are hereby expressly WAIVED and Borrower hereby RELEASES Bank from any liability thereunder.
7.      Integration . This Amendment and the Loan Documents represent the entire agreement about this subject matter and supersede prior negotiations or agreements. All prior agreements, understandings, representations, warranties, and negotiations between the parties about the subject matter of this Amendment and the Loan Documents merge into this Amendment and the Loan Documents.

6



8.      Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts and all of such counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.
9.      Effectiveness . This Amendment shall be deemed effective upon (a) the due execution and delivery to Bank of this Amendment by each party hereto, (b) Borrower’s payment of Bank’s legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with this Amendment, (c) Bank’s receipt of the IP Agreement in form and substance acceptable to Bank, duly executed and delivered by each Borrower, (d) a UCC3 amendment for each Borrower indicating the Collateral as set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto, and (e) such other documents as Bank may reasonably request.
[Signature page follows.]

7



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first written above.


BANK
BORROWER

Silicon Valley Bank


By:     /s/ Jay Wefel    
Name: Jay Wefel
Title: Director

Workiva LLC


By:        /s/ Matthew M. Rizai    
Name: Matthew M. Rizai
Title: Chief Executive Officer
 

Workiva International LLC


By:        /s/ Matthew M. Rizai    
Name: Matthew M. Rizai
Title: President



8



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first written above.


BANK
BORROWER

Silicon Valley Bank


By:     /s/ Jay Wefel    
Name: Jay Wefel
Title: Director

Workiva LLC


By:        /s/ Matthew M. Rizai    
Name: Matthew M. Rizai
Title: Chief Executive Officer
 

Workiva International LLC


By:        /s/ Matthew M. Rizai    
Name: Matthew M. Rizai
Title: President




9



INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT

This Intellectual Property Security Agreement (“Agreement”) is entered into as of October 16, 2014, effective as of September 30, 2014, by and between (i) SILICON VALLEY BANK (“Bank”) and (ii) WORKIVA LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and WORKIVA INTERNATIONAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (each and together, jointly and severally, “Grantor”).
RECITALS

A.    Bank has agreed to make certain advances of money and to extend certain financial accommodation to Grantor (the “Loans”) in the amounts and manner set forth in that certain Loan and Security Agreement by and between Bank and Grantor dated as of the date hereof (as the same may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”; capitalized terms used herein are used as defined in the Loan Agreement). Bank is willing to make the Loans to Grantor, but only upon the condition, among others, that Grantor shall grant to Bank a security interest in certain Copyrights, Trademarks, Patents, and Mask Works (as each term is described below) to secure the obligations of Grantor under the Loan Agreement.
B.    Pursuant to the terms of the Loan Agreement, Grantor has granted to Bank a security interest in all of Grantor's right, title and interest, whether presently existing or hereafter acquired, in, to and under all of the Collateral.
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound, as collateral security for the prompt and complete payment when due of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, Grantor hereby represents, warrants, covenants and agrees as follows:

AGREEMENT

1. Grant of Security Interest . To secure its obligations under the Loan Agreement, Grantor grants and pledges to Bank a security interest in all of Grantor's right, title and interest in, to and under its intellectual property (all of which shall collectively be called the “Intellectual Property Collateral”), including, without limitation, the following:
(a)      Any and all copyright rights, copyright applications, copyright registrations and like protections in each work or authorship and derivative work thereof, whether published or unpublished and whether or not the same also constitutes a trade secret, now or hereafter existing, created, acquired or held, including without limitation those set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto (collectively, the “Copyrights”);
(b)      Any and all trade secrets, and any and all intellectual property rights in computer software and computer software products now or hereafter existing, created, acquired or held;
(c)      Any and all design rights that may be available to Grantor now or hereafter existing, created, acquired or held;



(d)      All patents, patent applications and like protections including, without limitation, improvements, divisions, continuations, renewals, reissues, extensions and continuations-in-part of the same, including without limitation the patents and patent applications set forth on Exhibit B attached hereto (collectively, the “Patents”);
(e)      Any trademark and servicemark rights, whether registered or not, applications to register and registrations of the same and like protections, and the entire goodwill of the business of Grantor connected with and symbolized by such trademarks, including without limitation those set forth on Exhibit C attached hereto (collectively, the “Trademarks”);
(f)      All mask works or similar rights available for the protection of semiconductor chips, now owned or hereafter acquired, including, without limitation those set forth on Exhibit D attached hereto (collectively, the “Mask Works”);
(g)      Any and all claims for damages by way of past, present and future infringements of any of the rights included above, with the right, but not the obligation, to sue for and collect such damages for said use or infringement of the intellectual property rights identified above;
(h)      All licenses or other rights to use any of the Copyrights, Patents, Trademarks, or Mask Works and all license fees and royalties arising from such use to the extent permitted by such license or rights;
(i)      All amendments, extensions, renewals and extensions of any of the Copyrights, Trademarks, Patents, or Mask Works; and
(j)      All proceeds and products of the foregoing, including without limitation all payments under insurance or any indemnity or warranty payable in respect of any of the foregoing.
2.      Recordation . Grantor authorizes the Commissioner for Patents, the Commissioner for Trademarks and the Register of Copyrights and any other government officials to record and register this Agreement upon request by Bank.
3.      Loan Documents . This Agreement has been entered into pursuant to and in conjunction with the Loan Agreement, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The provisions of the Loan Agreement shall supersede and control over any conflicting or inconsistent provision herein. The rights and remedies of Bank with respect to the Intellectual Property Collateral are as provided by the Loan Agreement and related documents, and nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to limit such rights and remedies.
4.      Execution in Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement by facsimile or in electronic (i.e., "pdf" or "tif" format) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.
5.      Successors and Assigns . This Agreement will be binding on and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.



6.      Governing Law . This Agreement and any claim, controversy, dispute or cause of action (whether in contract or tort or otherwise) based upon, arising out of or relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the United States and the State of New York, without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdiction).

[Signature page follows]




IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Intellectual Property Security Agreement to be duly executed by its officers thereunto duly authorized as of the first date written above.

GRANTOR:

WORKIVA LLC


By:      /s/ Matthew M. Rizai    
Name:    Matthew M. Rizai
Title:    Chief Executive Officer

WORKIVA INTERNATIONAL LLC


By:      /s/ Matthew M. Rizai    
Name:    Matthew M. Rizai
Title:    President

BANK:

SILICON VALLEY BANK


By:   /s/ Jay Wefel    
Name:    Jay Wefel
Title:    Director








EXHIBIT A

Copyrights

None



EXHIBIT B

Patents

Owner
Workiva Ref/
DBR Ref.
Country
Title
Inventors
Application No./
Filing Date
Patent Number/ Issue Date
Workiva LLC
P4054US
US
Systems and Methods for Navigating to Errors in an XBRL Document Using Metadata
David Haila
Jason Jones
Jeffrey Hilleman

13/829,442
03/14/2013


8,739,025
05/27/2014
Workiva LLC
P4054CON
US
Systems and Methods for Navigating to Errors in an XBRL Document Using Metadata
David Haila
Jason Jones
Jeffrey Hilleman
14/286,634
05/23/2014
 
Workiva LLC
P4064US
US
Systems and Methods for Automated Taxonomy Migration in an XBRL Document
David Haila


13/834,846
03/15/2013



8,825,614
09/02/2014
Workiva LLC
P4064CON
US
Systems and Methods for Automated Taxonomy Migration in an XBRL Document
David Haila


14/469,286
08/26/2014



 
Workiva LLC
P4064CIP
US
Systems and Methods for Automated Taxonomy Concept Replacement in an XBRL Document
Bradley Benjamin
Susan Yount
David Haila


14/473,391
08/29/2014



 
Workiva LLC
BL3
P4125US
US
System and Method for Performing Distributed Asynchronous Calculations in a Networked Environment

Robert Kluin
Beau Lyddon
13/780,725
02/28/2013
8,856,234
10/07/2014
Workiva LLC

BL3
P4125CON
US
System and Method for Performing Distributed Asynchronous Calculations in a Networked Environment

Robert Kluin
Beau Lyddon
(continuation of 13/780,725)
 
Workiva LLC
BL3
P4125CON2
US
System and Method for Performing Distributed Asynchronous Calculations in a Networked Environment

Robert Kluin
Beau Lyddon
(continuation of 13/780,725)
 
Webfilings LLC
BL3
P4125PCT
PCT
System and Method for Performing Distributed Asynchronous Calculations in a Networked Environment

Robert Kluin
Beau Lyddon
US2014/019473
02/28/2014
 
Workiva LLC
XB09A
P4160US

US
Systems and Methods for Generating Filing Documents in a Visual Presentation Context with XBRL Barcode Authentication

Dean Ritz
13/768,655
02/15/2013
8,601,367
12/03/2013
Workiva LLC
XB15
P4165US

US
Document Server and Client Device Document Viewer and Editor
Shane Sizer
Graham Cumming
Bert Lutzenberger
Gary Orser
Benjamin Echols
Jeffrey Trom

13/779,023
02/27/2013
8,504,827
08/06/2013



Owner
Workiva Ref/
DBR Ref.
Country
Title
Inventors
Application No./
Filing Date
Patent Number/ Issue Date
Workiva LLC
XB15
P4165CON

US
Document Server and Client Device Document Viewer and Editor
Shane Sizer
Graham Cumming
Bert Lutzenberger
Gary Orser
Benjamin Echols
Jeffrey Trom

13/945,655
07/18/2013
 
Webfilings LLC
XB15
P4165PCT

PCT
Document Server and Client Device Document Viewer and Editor
Shane Sizer
Graham Cumming
Bert Lutzenberger
Gary Orser
Benjamin Echols
Jeffrey Trom

US2013/054198
08/08/2013
 
Workiva LLC
P4303US
US
System and Method for Comparing Objects in Document Revisions and Displaying Comparison Objects


John Bonk
Ryan Oskvarek
Scott Bacon
Chris Lo Coco
Jeff Lutzenberger

14/285,341
05/22/2014
 
 
P4303PCT
PCT
System and Method for Comparing Objects in Document Revisions and Displaying Comparison Objects


John Bonk
Ryan Oskvarek
Scott Bacon
Chris Lo Coco
Jeff Lutzenberger

PCT/US14/58473
09/30/2014
 
Workiva LLC
P4345US
US
Method and System for Generating and Utilizing Persistent Electronic Tick Marks
Joseph Howell
Jerome Behar
Anna Kwok
12/614,217
11/06/2009
8,375,291
02/12/2013
Workiva LLC
P4345CON
US
Method and System for Generating and Utilizing Persistent Electronic Tick Marks
Joseph Howell
Jerome Behar
Anna Kwok
13/748,971
01/24/2013
 
Workiva LLC
P4374PRO
US
Method and Appparatus for Selective Visual Formatting of an Electronic Document
Joel Marks
Winston Chappell
Edward Ly
Edward Cupps
Alan Streit
John Ryan

61/924,948
01/08/2014
 
Workiva LLC
P4374US
US
Method and Appparatus for Selective Visual Formatting of an Electronic Document
Joel Marks
Winston Chappell
Edward Ly
Edward Cupps
Alan Streit
John Ryan

14/451,173
08/04/2014
 
Workiva LLC
P4449US
US
Method and Computing Device for Facilitating Review of a Document

Stephen M. Siegel
14/305,172
06/16/2014
 
Workiva LLC
P4505US
US
Method and System for Electronic Document Publication Preview

Daniel L. DeGeest
Jeffrey Thieleke
14/500,878
09/29/2014
 
Workiva LLC
P4536US
US
Font Loading System and Method in a Client-Server Architecture
Bovard Tiberi
14/332,376
07/15/2014
 





EXHIBIT C

Trademarks

Trademark
Owner
Country
Serial Number/
Filing Date
Registration Number/ Reg. Date
ADAPTIVE DATA CLOUD
Workiva LLC
US
86/040,003
08/16/2013
 
BUSINESS REPORTING IN REAL TIME
Wokiva LLC
US
86/030,964
08/07/2013
 
NO MORE PENCILS DOWN
Wokiva LLC
US
85/441,749
10/07/2011
4,153,722
06/05/2012
   Logo
Wokiva LLC
US
77/933,267
02/11/2010
3,849,894
09/21/2010
W logo

Wokiva LLC
US
85/788,616
11/27/2012
4,442,566
12/03/2013
W logo

 
Brazil
 
 
W logo

 
Canada
1,686,701
07/24/2014

 
W logo

 
CTM (Europe)
013039656
06/30/2014
 
W logo

 
Norway
2014 07492
06/30/2014
 
W logo

 
Switzerland
57639/2014
06/30/2014
 
WDATA
Wokiva LLC
US
86/322,060
June 26, 2014
 



WDATA
 
Brazil
 
 
WDATA
 
Canada
1,686,717
07/24/2014
 
WDATA
 
CTM (Europe)
013039757
06/30/2014
 
WDATA
 
Norway
2014 07482
06/30/2014
 
WDATA
 
Switzerland
57638/2014
06/30/2014
 
WDATA Logo
Wokiva LLC
US
86/322,068
06/26/2014
 
WDATA Logo
 
Brazil
 
 
WDATA Logo
 
Canada
1,686,716
07/24/2014
 
WDATA Logo
 
CTM (Europe)
013039888
06/30/2014
 
WDATA Logo
 
Norway
2014 07483
06/30/2014
 
WDATA Logo
 
Switzerland
57637/2014
06/30/2014
 
WDESK
Wokiva LLC
US
86/322,065
06/26/2014
 
WDESK
 
Benelux, Denmark, Ireland, Sweden, U.K. (Madrid Protocol)
07/22/2014
 
WDESK
 
Brazil

 
 
WDESK
 
Canada
1,686,700
07/24/2014
 
WDESK
 
Norway
2014 07478
06/30/2014
 
WDESK
 
Switzerland
57636/2014
06/30/2014
 



WDESK logo
Wokiva LLC
US
85/956,656
06/11/2013
4,582,845
08/12/2014
WDESK logo
 
Benelux, Denmark, Ireland, Sweden, U.K. (Madrid Protocol)
07/22/2014
 
WDESK logo
 
Brazil
 
 
WDESK logo
 
Canada
1,686,699
07/24/2014
 
WDESK logo
 
Norway
2014 07493
06/30/2014
 
WDESK logo
 
Switzerland
57634/2014
06/30/2014
 
WEBFILINGS

Wokiva LLC
US
77/929,518
02/05/2010
3,826,687
07/27/2010
WEBFILINGS
 
Canada
1,485,387
06/16/2010
807136
09/21/2011
WEBFILINGS logo
Wokiva LLC
US
85/956,531
06/11/2013
 
WEBFILINGS logo (color)
Wokiva LLC
US
77/929,536
02/05/2010
3,915,279
02/01/2011
WEBFILINGS logo (color)
 
CTM (Europe)
10467851
12/05/2011
10467851
12/05/2011
WORKIVA
Wokiva LLC
US
86/309,129
06/13/2014
 
WORKIVA
 
Brazil
 
 
WORKIVA
 
Canada
1,686,698
07/24/2014
 
WORKIVA
 
CTM (Europe)
013039946
06/30/2014
 
WORKIVA
 
Norway
2014 07477
06/30/2014
 
WORKIVA
 
Switzerland
57633/2014
06/30/2014
 
WORKIVA Logo
Wokiva LLC
US
86/309,150
06/13/2014
 



WORKIVA Logo
 
Brazil
 
 
WORKIVA Logo
 
Canada

1,686,697
07/24/2014
 
WORKIVA Logo
 
CTM (Europe)
013040001
06/30/2014
 
WORKIVA Logo
 
Norway
2014 07481
06/30/2014
 
WORKIVA Logo
 
Switzerland
57632/2014
06/30/2014
 





EXHIBIT D

Mask Works

None

ACTIVE/ 77521975.1



Google Inc.
 
Order Form:
1600 Amphitheater Parkway
Mountain View, California 94043
 
Google Cloud Platform
 
CUSTOMER TO COMPLETE THIS SECTION
 
CUSTOMER( E nter Company ' s Full L e gal Name) :
Workiva, LLC
 
 
Corporate Contact Information
Billing Contact Information:
(if different from corporate contact)
Technical Contact Information:
(if different from corporate contact)
 
Attention:
Jeff Trom
Luke Metzger
Dave Tucker
 
Address:
2900 University Blvd
 
 
 
City, State,
 Zip:
Ames, IA 50010
 
 
 
Phone:
 
 
 
 
Fax:
 
 
 
 
Email:
 
 
 
 
Purchase Order Required: Yes ¨   No ý
If Yes, Purchase Order #:

Tax Exempt: Yes ¨ No ý (If Yes is checked, certificate #               )
VAT or applicable tax # (Non-U.S. Customers only:

Google Legal Customer ID (required) : 2290-7704-4396
 
 
Customer Domain Name: workiva.com
Initial Account Administrator off-domain email address:
 
Product
License Term
Other Terms (if any)
GoogleApp Engine (CP-GAE)
12 months
 
Google Cloud SQL (CP-CLOUDSQL)
12 months
 
Google Cloud Storage (CP-BIGSTORE)
12 months
 
Google Prediction API (CP-PREDICTION)
12 months
 
Google BigQueryService (CP-BIGQUERY)
12 months
Any Reserved Capacity Units selected apply for an initial Reserved Unit Term of a calendar month, starting on the first day of the month after the Effective Date, and automatically renew as set forth in the Service Specific Terms.
# if applies Reserved Capacity Units (w/o bursting)
# if applies Reserved Capacity Units (w/capped Service bursting)
# if applies Reserved Capacity Units (w/uncapped bursting
Google Compute Engine (CP-COMPUTEENGINE)
12 months
 
Google TranslateAPI v2 (CP-TRANSLATE)
12 months
 
 Google Cloud Datastore (CP-DATASTORE)
12 months
 
TSS -  Â Silver or  Gold or ý Platinum (select one)
12 months
 
Price Valid Until: 7-25-14
Account Manager: Thanikai Sokka
Order Form Terms and Conditions
License Terms . This Order Form is subject to and incorporates by reference the terms and conditions of the Google Cloud Platform License Agreement attached to this Order Form (the " Agreement "). All capitalized terms used in this Order Form have the meanings stated in the Agreement, unless stated otherwise.
By signing this Order Form, each party represents and warrants that: (i) it has read and understands the Agreement that is incorporated by reference to this Order Form and agrees to be bound by the terms of the Agreement, and (ii) it has full power and authority to accept the Agreement and this Order Form.
This Order Form has been executed by persons duly authorized as of the date signed by the party below (" Effective Date ").

pg. 1


Google Inc. (" Google ")
 
Customer
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Nikesh Arora
 
By:
/s/ Jeff Trom
Print Name:
Nikesh Arora
 
Print Name:
Jeff Trom
Title:
President, Global Sales and Business Development, Google, Inc.
 
Title:
CTO
Date:
7/24/2014
 
Date:
7/22/2014


pg. 2


Google Cloud Platform
LICENSE AGREEMENT

1. Provision of the Services .

1.1
Services Use . Subject to this Agreement, during the Term, Customer may: (a) use the Services, (b) integrate the Services into any Application and provide the Services, solely as integrated into the Application, to End Users, and (c) use any Software provided by Google as part of the Services. But Customer may not sublicense or transfer these rights except as permitted under the Assignment section of the Agreement.

1.2
Console . Google will provide the Services to Customer. As part of receiving the Services, Customer will have access to the Admin Console, through which Customer may administer the Services.

1.3
Facilities and Data Transfer . All facilities used to store and process an Application and Customer Data will adhere to reasonable security standards no less protective than the security standards at facilities where Google processes and stores its own information of a similar type. Google has implemented at least industry standard systems and procedures to ensure the security and confidentiality of an Application and Customer Data, protect against anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of an Application and Customer Data, and protect against unauthorized access to or use of an Application and Customer Data. Except as set forth in the Service Specific Terms, Google may process and store an Application and Customer Data in the United States or any other country in which Google or its agents maintain facilities. By using the Services, Customer consents to this processing and storage of an Application and Customer Data. Under this Agreement, Google is merely a data processor.

1.4
Accounts . Customer must have an Account and a Token (if applicable) to use the Services, and is responsible for the information it provides to create the Account, the security of the Token and its passwords for the Account, and for any use of its Account and the Token. If Customer becomes aware of any unauthorized use of its password, its Account or the Token, Customer will notify Google as promptly as possible.

1.5
Safe Harbor . Google is enrolled in the U.S. Department of Commerce Safe Harbor Program and will remain enrolled in this program or another replacement program (or will adopt a compliance solution which achieves compliance with the terms of Article 25 of Directive 95/46/EC) throughout the Term of the Agreement.

1.6
New Applications and Services . Google may: (i) make new applications, tools, features or functionality available from time to time through the Services and (ii) add new services to the “Services” definition from time to time (by adding them at the URL set forth under that definition), the use of which may be contingent upon Customer's agreement to additional terms.

1.7
Modifications .

a. To the Services . Subject to Section 9.5, Google may make commercially reasonable Updates to the Services from time to time. If Google makes a material change to the Services, Google will inform Customer, provided that Customer has subscribed with Google to be informed about such change.

b. To the Agreement . Google may make commercially reasonable changes to the URL Terms from time to time. If Google makes a material change to the URL Terms, Google will inform Customer. If the change has a material adverse impact on Customer and Customer does not agree to the change, Customer must notify Google within thirty days after being informed of the change. If Customer notifies Google as required, then Customer will remain governed by the terms in effect immediately prior to the change until the end of the then-current License Term. If the License Term is renewed, it will do so under the updated URL Terms.

1.8
Service Specific Terms . The Service Specific Terms are incorporated by this reference into the Agreement.

2.
Payment Terms .

2.1
Usage and Invoicing . Customer will pay for all Fees based on: (i) Customer's use of the Services during the License Term (including the Minimum Support Fee(s) or, if greater, the relevant Fee for TSS set forth in the Fees definition below); (ii) any Reserved Units selected; (iii) any Committed Purchases selected; and/or (iv) any Package Purchases selected. Google will invoice Customer on a monthly basis for those Fees accrued at the end of each month unless otherwise set forth at the URL designating the Fees for an applicable SKU. Google's measurement of Customer's use of the Services is final.

pg. 2



2.2
Payment . All Fees are due thirty days from the invoice date. Customer's obligation to pay all Fees applicable to the License Term is non-cancellable. All payments due are in U.S. dollars. Payments made via wire transfer must include the following instructions:
Wells Fargo Bank
 
ABA#
 
Account#
Palo Alto, California
USA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2.3
Taxes. Customer is responsible for any Taxes, and Customer will pay Google for the Services without any reduction for Taxes. If Google is obligated to collect or pay Taxes, the Taxes will be invoiced to Customer, unless Customer provides Google with a timely and valid tax exemption certificate authorized by the appropriate taxing authority. In some states the sales tax is due on the total purchase price at the time of sale and must be invoiced and collected at the time of the sale. If Customer is required by law to withhold any Taxes from its payments to Google, Customer must provide Google with an official tax receipt or other appropriate documentation to support such withholding.

2.4
Invoice Disputes . Any invoice disputes must be submitted prior to the invoice due date. If the parties determine that certain billing inaccuracies are attributable to Google, Google will not issue a corrected invoice, but will instead issue a credit memo specifying the incorrect amount in the affected invoice. If the disputed invoice has not yet been paid, Google will apply the credit memo amount to the disputed invoice and Customer will be responsible for paying the resulting net balance due on that invoice.

2.5
Delinquent Payments . Delinquent payments may bear interest at the rate of one-and-one-half percent per month (or the highest rate permitted by law, if less) from the payment due date until paid in full. Customer will be responsible for all reasonable expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by Google in collecting such delinquent amounts, except where such delinquent amounts are due to Google's billing inaccuracies in which case Google will be reasonable for all reasonable expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by Customer in defending such collection action. If Customer is delinquent on payments for any Cloud Service, all of the Cloud Services may be suspended or terminated for breach pursuant to Section 9.3.

2.6
Purchase Orders .

a.
Required . If Customer requires a purchase order number on its invoice, Customer will inform Google and issue a purchase order to Google. If Customer requires a purchase order, and fails to provide the purchase order to Google, then Google will not be obligated to provide the Services until the purchase order has been received by Google. If Customer requires an updated purchase order to cover its actual usage under this Agreement, then Customer will provide an additional purchase order to Google. If Customer fails to provide an additional purchase order to cover its actual usage, then Customer waives any purchase order requirement and (a) Google will invoice Customer without a purchase order number; and (b) Customer will pay invoices without a purchase order number referenced. Any terms and conditions on a purchase order do not apply to this Agreement and are null and void.

b.
Not Required . If Customer does not require a purchase order number to be included on the invoice, Customer must select "No" in the purchase order section of the Ordering Document. If Customer waives the purchase order requirement, then: (a) Google will invoice Customer without a purchase order; and (b) Customer will pay invoices without a purchase order.

3.
Customer Obligations .

3.1
Compliance . Customer is solely responsible for its Applications, Projects, and Customer Data and for making sure its Applications, Projects, and Customer Data comply with the AUP. Google reserves the right to review the Application, Project, and Customer Data to ensure Customer's compliance with the AUP. Customer is responsible for ensuring all End Users comply with Customer's obligations under the AUP, the Service Specific Terms, and the restrictions in Sections 3.3 and 3.5 below.

3.2
Privacy . Customer will protect the privacy and legal rights of its End Users under all applicable laws and regulations, which includes a legally adequate privacy notice communicated from Customer. Customer may have the ability to access, monitor, use, or disclose Customer Data submitted by End Users through the Services. Customer will obtain and maintain any required consents from End Users to allow Customer's access, monitoring, use and disclosure of Customer Data. Further, Customer will notify its End Users that any Customer Data provided as part of the Services will be made available to a third party (i.e. Google) as part of Google providing the Services.

pg. 3



3.3
Restrictions . Customer will not, and will not allow third parties under its control to: (a) copy, modify, create a derivative work of, reverse engineer, decompile, translate, disassemble, or otherwise attempt to extract any or all of the source code of the Services (subject to Section 3.4 below and except to the extent such restriction is expressly prohibited by applicable law); (b) use the Services for High Risk Activities; (c) sublicense, resell, or distribute any or all of the Services separate from any integrated Application; (d) create multiple Applications, Accounts, or Projects to simulate or act as a single Application, Account, or Project (respectively) or otherwise access the Services in a manner intended to avoid incurring Fees; (e) unless otherwise set forth in the Service Specific Terms, use the Services to operate or enable any telecommunications service or in connection with any Application that allows End Users to place calls or to receive calls from any public switched telephone network; or (f) process or store any Customer Data that is subject to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations maintained by the Department of State. Unless otherwise specified in writing by Google, Google does not intend uses of the Services to create obligations under HIPAA, and makes no representations that the Services satisfy HIPAA requirements. If Customer is (or becomes) a Covered Entity or Business Associate, as defined in HIPAA, Customer will not use the Services for any purpose or in any manner involving Protected Health Information (as defined in HIPAA) unless Customer has received prior written consent to such use from Google.

3.4
Third Party Components . Third party components (which may include open source software) of the Services may be subject to separate license agreements. To the limited extent a third party license expressly supersedes this Agreement, that third party license instead governs Customer's agreement with Google for the specific included third party components of the Services, or use of the Services (as may be applicable).

3.5
Documentation . Google may provide Documentation for Customer's use of the Services. The Documentation may specify restrictions (e.g. attribution or HTML restrictions) on how the Applications may be built or the Services may be used and Customer will comply with any such restrictions specified.

3.6
DMCA Policy . Google provides information to help copyright holders manage their intellectual property online, but Google cannot determine whether something is being used legally or not without their input. Google responds to notices of alleged copyright infringement and terminates accounts of repeat infringers according to the process set out in the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If Customer thinks somebody is violating Customer's or its End Users' copyrights and wants to notify Google, Customer can find information about submitting notices, and Google's policy about responding to notices at http://www.google.com/dmca.html.

3.7
Application and No Multiple Accounts, Bills, Tokens . Any Application must have material value independent from the Services. Google has no obligation to provide multiple bills, Tokens (if applicable), or Accounts to Customer under the Agreement.

4. Suspension and Removals .

4.1
Suspension/Removals . If Customer becomes aware that any Application, Project (including an End User's use of a Project), or Customer Data violates the AUP, Customer will immediately suspend the Application or Project (if applicable), remove the applicable Customer Data or suspend access to an End User (as may be applicable). If Customer fails to suspend or remove as noted in the prior sentence, Google may specifically request that Customer do so. If Customer fails to comply with Google's request to do so within twenty-four hours, then Google may suspend Google accounts of the applicable End Users, disable the Project or Application, and/or disable the Account (as may be applicable) until such violation is corrected.

4.2
Emergency Security Issues . Despite the foregoing, if there is an Emergency Security Issue, then Google may automatically suspend the offending End User account, Application, Project, or the Account. Suspension will be to the minimum extent required, and of the minimum duration, to prevent or terminate the Emergency Security Issue. If Google suspends an End User account, Application, Project, or the Account, for any reason, without prior notice to Customer, at Customer's request, Google will provide Customer the reason for the suspension as soon as is reasonably possible.

5. Intellectual Property Rights' Use of Customer Data; Feedback .

5.1
Intellectual property Rights . Except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, this Agreement does not grant either party any rights, implied or otherwise, to the other's content or any of the other's intellectual property. As between the parties, Customer owns all Intellectual Property Rights in Customer Data and the Application or Project (if applicable), and Google owns all Intellectual Property Rights in the Services and Software.

pg. 4



5.2
Use of Customer Data . Google may use Customer Data and Applications only to provide the Services to Customer and its End Users and to help secure and improve the Services. For instance, this may include identifying and fixing problems in the Services, enhancing the Services to better protect against attacks and abuse, and making suggestions aimed at improving performance or reducing cost.

5.3
Customer Feedback . If Customer provides Google feedback or suggestions about the Services, then Google may use that information without obligation to Customer, and Customer hereby irrevocably assigns to Google all right, title, and interest in that feedback or those suggestions.

6. Technical Support Services

6.1
By Customer . Customer is responsible for technical support of its Applications and Projects.

6.2
By Google . Subject to payment of applicable support Fees, Google will provide TSS to Customer during the License Term in accordance with the TSS Guidelines.

6.3
Deprecation Policy . Google will announce if it intends to discontinue or make backwards incompatible changes to the Services specified at the URL in the next sentence. Google will use commercially reasonable efforts to continue to operate those Services versions and features identified at: https://developers.google.com/cloud/terms/depreciation without these changes for at least one year after that announcement, unless (as Google determines in its reasonable good faith judgment):

(i) required by law or third party relationship (including if there is a change in applicable law or relationship), or

(ii) doing so could create a security risk or substantial economic or material technical burden.
    
The above policy is the "Deprecation Policy."

7. Delivery . The Services will not be made available until Google receives a complete and duly executed Ordering Document.

8. Confidential Information . The recipient will not disclose the Confidential Information, except to Affiliates, employees, agents or professional advisors who need to know it and who have agreed in writing (or in the case of professional advisors are otherwise bound) to keep it confidential. The recipient will ensure that those people and entities use the received Confidential Information only to exercise rights and fulfill obligations under this Agreement, while using reasonable care to keep it confidential. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Agreement, the reclpient may also disclose Confidential Information to the extent required by applicable Legal Process; provided that the recipient uses commercially reasonable efforts to: (i) promptly notify the other party of such disclosure before disclosing; and (ii) comply with the other party's reasonable requests regarding its efforts to oppose the disclosure. Notwithstanding the foregoing, subsections (i) and (ii) above will not apply if the recipient determines that complying with (i) and (ii) could: (a) result in a violation of Legal Process; (b) obstruct a governmental investigation; and/or (c) lead to death or serious physical harm to an individual. As between the parties, Customer is responsible for responding to all third party requests concerning its use and its End Users' use of the Services.

9. Term and Termination .

9 .1
Agreement Term . This Agreement will remain in effect for the Term.

9.2
License Term . Subject to Customer's payment of Fees, the rights granted by Google in this Agreement will continue for the License Term, unless terminated earlier as set forth in this Agreement.

a.
Auto Renewal . At the end of each License Term, the previously purchased Services will automatically renew under the Agreement for an additional License Term of twelve months. If a party does not want the License Term for the Services to renew, then it must provide the other party written notice to this effect at least 15 days before the end of the then current License Term. This notice of non renewal will be effective upon the conclusion of the then current License Term.

b.
Revising Fees . Notwithstanding Section 1.7(b), Google may revise its Fees by providing Customer at least ninety days written notice.


pg. 5


9.3
Termination for Breach . Either party may terminate this Agreement for breach if: (i) the other party is in material breach of the Agreement and fails to cure that breach within thirty days after receipt of written notice; (ii) the other party ceases its business operations or becomes subject to insolvency proceedings and the proceedings are not dismissed within ninety days; or (iii) the other party is in material breach of this Agreement more than two times notwithstanding any cure of such breaches. In addition, Google may terminate any, all, or any portion of the Services or Projects if Customer meets any of the conditions in Section 9.3(i), (ii), and/or (iii) .

9.4
Termination for Inactivity . Google reserves the right to terminate the Services for inactivity, if, for a period exceeding 180 days, Customer: (a) has failed to access the Admin Console; (b) a Project has no active virtual machine or storage resources or an Application has not served any requests; and (c) no invoices are being generated.

9.5
Termination of Services . Customer may stop using the Services at any time. Subject to Section 6.3, Google may discontinue any Services or any portion or feature for any reason at any time without liability to Customer.

9.6
Effect of Termjnation . If the Agreement expires or is terminated, then: (i) the rights granted by one party to the other will immediately cease; (ii) all Fees (including Taxes) owed by Customer to Google are immediately due upon receipt of the final invoice; (iii) Customer will delete the Software, any Application, Instance, Project, and any Customer Data; and (iv) upon request, each party will use commercially reasonable efforts to return or destroy all Confidential Information of the other party.

10. Publicity . Customer is permitted to state publicly that it is a customer of the Services, consistent with the Trademark Guidelines. If Customer wants to display Google Brand Features in connection with its use of the Services, Customer must obtain written permission from Google through the process specified in the Trademark Guidelines. Google may include Customer's name or Brand Features in a list of Google customers, online or in promotional materials. Google may also verbally reference Customer as a customer of the Google products or services that are the subject of this Agreement. Neither party needs approval if it is repeating a public statement that is substantially similar to a previously-approved public statement. Any use of a party's Brand Features will inure to the benefit of the party holding Intellectual Property Rights to those Brand Features. A party may revoke the other party's right to use its Brand Features under this Section with written notice to the other party and a reasonable period to stop the use.

11. Representations . Each party represents and warrants that: (a) it has full power and authority to enter into the Agreement; and (b) it will comply with all laws and regulations applicable to its provlslon, or use, of the Services, as applicable. Google warrants that it will provide the Services in accordance with the applicable SLA (if any).

12. Disclaimer . EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED FOR HEREIN, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, GOOGLE AND ITS SUPPLIERS DO NOT MAKE ANY OTHER WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. GOOGLE AND ITS SUPPLIERS ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE FOR THE DELETION OF OR FAILURE TO STORE ANY CUSTOMER DATA AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS MAINTAINED OR TRANSMITIED THROUGH USE OF THE SERVICES. CUSTOMER IS SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR SECURING AND BACKING UP ITS APPLICATION, PROJECT, AND CUSTOMER DATA. NEITHER GOOGLE, NOR ITS SUPPLIERS, WARRANTS THAT THE OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE OR THE SERVICES WILL BE ERROR-FREE OR UNINTERRUPTED. NEITHER THE SOFTWARE NOR THE SERVICES ARE DESIGNED, MANUFACTURED, OR INTENDED FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.

13. Limitation of Liability .

13.1
Limitation on Indirect Liability . TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITIED BY APPLICABLE LAW, NEITHER PARTY, NOR GOOGLE'S SUPPLIERS, WILL BE LIABLE UNDER THIS AGREEMENT FOR LOST REVENUES OR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, EVEN IF THE PARTY KNEW OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN THAT SUCH DAMAGES WERE POSSIBLE AND EVEN IF DIRECT DAMAGES DO NOT SATISFY A REMEDY.


pg. 6


13.2
Limitation on Amount of Liability . TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITIED BY APPLICABLE LAW, NEITHER PARTY, NOR GOOGLE'S SUPPLIERS, MAY BE HELD LIABLE UNDER THIS AGREEMENT FOR MORE THAN THE AMOUNT PAID BY CUSTOMER TO GOOGLE DURING THE TWELVE MONTHS PRIOR TO THE EVENT GIVING RISE TO LIABILITY.

13.3
Exceptions to Limitations . These limitations of liability do not apply to breaches of confidentiality obligations, violations of a party's Intellectual Property Rights by the other party, or indemnification obligations.

14. Indemnification .

14.1
By Customer . Unless prohibited by applicable law, Customer will defend and indemnify Google and its Affiliates against Indemnified Liabilities in any Third-Party Legal Proceeding to the extent ariSing from: (i) any Application, Project, Instance, Customer Data, or Customer Brand Features; or (ii) Customer's, or its End Users', use of the Services in violation of the AUP.

14.2
By Google . Google will defend and indemnify Customer and its Affiliates against Indemnified Liabilities in any Third­ Party Legal Proceeding to the extent arising solely from an Allegation that use of (a) Google's technology used to provide the Services (excluding any open source software) or (b) any Google Brand Feature infringes or misappropriates the third party's patent, copyright, trade secret, or trademark.

14.3
Exclusions . This Section 14 will not apply to the extent the underlying Allegation arises from:

a. the indemnified party's breach of this Agreement;

b. modifications to the indemnifying party's technology or Brand Features by anyone other than the indemnifying party;

c. combination of the indemnifying party's technology or Brand Features with materials not provided by the indemnifying party; or

d. use of non-current or unsupported versions of the Services or Brand Features;


14.4
Conditions . Sections 14.1 and 14.2 will apply only to the extent:

a. The indemnified party has promptly notified the indemnifying party in writing of any Allegation(s) that preceded the Third-Party Legal Proceeding and cooperates reasonably with the indemnifying party to resolve the Allegation(s) and Third-Party Legal Proceeding. If breach of this Section 14.4(a) prejudices the defense of the Third-Party Legal Proceeding, the indemnifying party's obligations under Section 14.1 or 14.2 (as applicable) will be reduced in proportion to the prejudice.

b. The indemnified party tenders sole control of the indemnified portion of the Third-Party Legal Proceeding to the indemnifying party, subject to the following:
    
(i) the indemnified party may appoint its own non-controllinq counsel, at its own expense; and
(ii) any settlement requiring the indemnified party to admit liability, pay money, or take (or refrain from taking) any action, will require the indemnified party's prior written consent, not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed.

14.5
Remedies .

a. If Google reasonably believes the Services might infringe a third party's Intellectual Property Rights, then Google may, at its sole option and expense: (a) procure the right for Customer to continue using the Services; (b) modify the Services to make them non-infringing without materially reducing their functionality; or (c) replace the Services with a non-infringing, functionally equivalent alternative.

b. If Google does not believe the remedies in SEction 14.5(a) are commercially reasonable, then Google may suspend or terminate the Customer's use of the impacted Services.

14.6
Sole Rights and Obligations . Without affecting either party's termination rights, this Section 14 states the parties' only rights and obligations under this Agreement for Intellectual Property Rights-related Allegations and Third-Party Legal Proceedings.


pg. 7


15. U.S. Federal Agency Users . The Services were developed solely at private expense and are commercial computer software and related documentation within the meaning of the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency supplements thereto.

16. Miscellaneous .

16.1
Notices . All notices must be in writing and addressed to the other party's legal department and primary point of contact. The email address for notices being sent to Google's Legal Department is legal‑notices@google.com. Notice will be treated as given on receipt, as verified by written or automated receipt or by electronic log (as applicable).

16.2
Assignment . Neither party may assign any part of this Agreement without the written consent of the other, except to an Affiliate where: (a) the assignee has agreed in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement; (b) the assigning party remains liable for obligations under the Agreement if the assignee defaults on them; and (c) the assigning party has notified the other party of the assignment. Any other attempt to assign is void.

16.3
Change of Control . If a party experiences a change of Control (for example, through a stock purchase or sale, merger, or other form of corporate transaction): (a) that party will give written notice to the other party within thirty days after the change of Control; and (b) the other party may immediately terminate this Agreement any time between the change of Control and thirty days after it receives that written notice.

16.4
Force Majeure . Neither party will be liable for failure or delay in performance to the extent caused by circumstances beyond its reasonable control.

16.5
No Agency . This Agreement does not create any agency, partnership or joint venture between the parties.

16.6
No Waiver . Neither party will be treated as having waived any rights by not exercising (or delaying the exercise of) any rights under this Agreement.

16.7
Severability . If any term (or any part of a term) of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the rest of the Agreement will remain in effect.

16.8
No Third-party Beneficiaries . This Agreement does not confer any benefits on any third party unless it expressly states that it does.

16.9
Equitable Relief . Nothing in this Agreement will limit either party's ability to seek equitable relief.

16.10
Governing Law.
    
a. For U S City County and State Government Entities. If Customer is a U.S. city, county or state government entity, then the Agreement will be silent regarding governing law and venue.

b. For U S. Federal Government Entities . If Customer is a U.S. federal government entity then the following applies: ALL CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE SERVICES WILL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, EXCLUDING ITS CONFLICT OF LAWS RULES. SOLELY TO THE EXTENT PERMITIED BY FEDERAL LAW: (I) THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA (EXCLUDING CALIFORNIA'S CONFLICT OF LAWS RULES) WILL APPLY IN THE ABSENCE OF APPLICABLE FEDERAL LAW; AND (II) FOR ALL CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE SERVICES, THE PARTIES CONSENT TO PERSONAL JURISDICTION IN, AND THE EXCLUSIVE VENUE OF, THE COURTS IN SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.

c. For All Other Entities . If Customer is any entity not set forth in Section 16.10(a) or (b) then the following applies: ALL CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE SERVICES WILL BE GOVERNED BY CALIFORNIA LAW, EXCLUDING THAT STATE'S CONFLICT OF LAWS RULES, AND WILL BE LITIGATED EXCLUSIVELY IN THE FEDERAL OR STATE COURTS OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, USA; THE PARTIES CONSENT TO PERSONAL JURISDICTION IN THOSE COURTS.

16.11
Amendments . Except as set forth in Section 1.7(b), any amendment must be in writing, signed by both parties, and expressly state that it is amending this Agreement.


pg. 8


16.12
Survival . The following Sections will survive expiration or termination of this Agreement: 5, 8, 9.6, 13, 14, and 16.

16.13
Entire Agreement . This Agreement sets out all terms agreed between the parties and supersedes all other agreements between the parties relating to its subject matter. In entering into this Agreement, neither party has relied on, and neither party will have any right or remedy based on, any statement, representation or warranty (whether made negligently or innocently), except those expressly set out in this Agreement. The terms located at a URl referenced in this Agreement and the Documentation are incorporated by reference into the Agreement. After the Effective Date, Google may provide an updated URl in place of any URl in this Agreement.

16.14
Conflicting Terms. If there is a conflict among the documents that make up this Agreement, the documents will control in the following order: the Ordering Document, the Agreement, and the terms at any URL.

16.15
Counterparts . The parties may execute this Agreement in counterparts, including facsimile, PDF, and other electronic copies, which taken together will constitute one instrument.

16.16
Definitions.

" Account " means Customer's Google account (either under a gmail.com address or an email address provided under the "Google Apps" product line), which is offered under and subject to the relevant terms of service.

" Admin Console " means the online console(s) and/or tool(s) provided by Google to Customer for administering the Services.

" Affiliate " means any entity that directly or indirectly Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with a party.

" Allegation " means an unaffiliated third party's allegation.

" Application(s) " means any web or other application Customer creates using the Services, including any source code written by Customer to be used with the Services or hosted in an Instance.

" A.U.P. " means the acceptable use policy set forth here for the Services: developers.google.com/cloud/terms/aup.

" Brand Features " means the trade names, trademarks, service marks, logos, domain names, and other distinctive brand features of each party, respectively, as secured by such party from time to time.

" Cloud Service " means any Service listed here: https://developers.google.com/cloud/services.

" Committed purchase(s) " have the meaning set forth in the Service Specific Terms.

" Confidential Information " means information that one party (or an Affiliate) discloses to the other party under this Agreement, and that is marked as confidential or would normally be considered confidential information under the circumstances. It does not include information that is independently developed by the recipient, is rightfully given to the recipient by a third party without confidentiality obligations, or becomes public through no fault of the recipient. Customer Data is considered Customer's Confidential Information.

" Control " means control of greater than fifty percent of the voting rights or equity interests of a party.

" Customer Data " means content provided, transmitted, or displayed via the Services by Customer or its End Users, but excluding any data provided as part of the Account.

" Documentation " means the Google documentation (as may be updated from time to time) in the form generally made available by Google to its customers for use with the following Services: (a) Google App Engine, set forth here: https://developers,google.com/appengine/; (b) Google Cloud SOL, set forth here:
https://developers.google.com/cloud-sql/; (c) Google Cloud Storage, set forth here: https://developers.google.com/storage/; (d) Google Prediction API, set forth here: https://developers.google.com/predjctjon/; (e) Google BigOuery Service, set forth here: https://developers.google.com/bigqguery/; (f) Google Compute Engine, set forth here: https://developers.google.com/compute/; (g) Google Translate API v2, set forth here: https://developers.google.com/translate/; and (h) Google Cloud Datastore, set forth here: https://developers.google.com/datastore/.

" Emergency Security Issue " means either: (a) Customer's or its End User's use of the Services in violation of the AUP, which could disrupt: (i) the Services; (ii) other Customers' or its End Users' use of the Services; or

pg. 9


(iii) the Google network or servers used to provide the Services; or (b) unauthorized third party access to the Services.

" End Users " means the individuals Customer permits to use the Services, Application, or Project.

" Fees " means the applicable fees for each Service and any applicable Taxes. The Fees for each Service are set forth here: cloud.google.com/skus or as otherwise set forth on the Ordering Document.

" High Risk Activities " means uses such as the operation of nuclear facilities, air traffic control, or life support systems, where the use or failure of the Services could lead to death, personal injury, or environmental damage.

"HIPPA" means the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 as it may be amended from time to time, and any regulations issued thereunder.

" Indemnified Liabilities " means any (i) settlement amounts approved by the indemnifying party; and (ii) damages and costs finally awarded against the indemnified party and its Affiliates by a court of competent jurisdiction.

" Instance " means a virtual machine instance, configured and managed by Customer, which runs on the Services. Instances are more fully described in the Documentation.

" Intellectual Property Rights " means current and future worldwide rights under patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark, or moral rights laws, and other similar rights.

" Legal process " means a data disclosure request made under law, governmental regulation, court order, subpoena, warrant, governmental regulatory or agency request, or other valid legal authority, legal procedure, or similar process.

" License Term " means the period of time during which Customer is authorized to use the Services. The License Term will start on the Service Commencement Date and continue for the period of time set forth in the Ordering Document or as may be designated by auto-renewal pursuant to Section 9, unless terminated earlier as set forth in this Agreement.

" Minimum Support Fee " means the minimum fee per month for TSS that is speclfled at the URl under the "Fees" definition.

" Ordering Document " means an order form, issued by Google to provide the Services to Customer, subject to this Agreement. The Ordering Document will incorporate this Agreement and will contain: (a) the full SKU, and (b) the License Term.

" Package purchase " has the meaning set forth in the Service SpeCific Terms.

" Project " means a grouping of computing, storage, and API resources for Customer, and via which Customer may use the Services. Projects are more fully described in the Documentation.

" Reserved Capacity Units " have the meaning set forth in the Service Specific Terms.

" Reserved Unit Term " has the meaning set forth in the Service SpeCific Terms.

" Reserved Units " have the meaning set forth in the Service SpeCific Terms.

" Services " mean, as applicable: (a) Google App Engine; (b) Google Cloud SOL; (c) Google Cloud Storage; (d) Google Prediction API; (e) Google BigOuery Service; (f) Google Compute Engine; (g) Google Translate API v2; (h) Google Cloud Datastore and such other services as set forth here: https://developers.google.com/cloud/services, (including any associated application program interfaces) and (i) TSS.

" Service Commencement Date " means the date upon which Google provides Customer the Token for each Service.

" Service Specific Terms " means the terms specific to one or more Services set forth here:
https://developers.google.com/cloudlterms/service-terms.

" SLA " means the Service Level Agreement as applicable to: (a) Google App Engine set forth here:
https://developers.google.com/appengine/sla; (b) Google Cloud SOL set forth here: https://developers.google.com/cloud-sql/sla­; (c) Google Cloud Storage set forth here: https://developers.google.com/storage/sla; (d) Google Prediction API set forth here: https://developers.google.com/prediction/sla; (e) Google

pg. 10


BigOuery Service set forth here: https://developers.google.com//bigquery/sla; (f) Google Compute Engine set forth here: https://developers.google.com/compute/sla; and (g) Google Cloud Datastore set forth here:
https://developers.google.com/datastore/sla.

" Software " means any downloadable tools, software development kits or other such proprietary computer software provided by Google in connection with the Services, which may be downloaded by Customer, and any updates Google may make to such Software from time to time.

" Taxes " means any duties, customs fees, or taxes (other than Google's income tax) associated with the purchase of the Services, including any related penalties or interest.

" Term " means the term of the Agreement, which will begin on the Effective Date and continue until the earlier of: (i) the end of the last License Term or (ii) the date on which the Agreement is terminated as set forth herein.

" Third-party Legal Proceeding " means any formal legal proceeding filed by an unaffiliated third party before a court or government tribunal (including any appellate proceeding).

" Token " means an alphanumeric key that is uniquely associated with Customer's Account.

''Trademark Guidelines" means Google's Guidelines for Third Party Use of Google Brand Features, located at: http://www.google.com/permissions/guidelines.html.

" TSS " means the technical support service provided by Google to the administrators pursuant to the TSS Guidelines.

" TSS Guidelines " means Google's technical support services guidelines then in effect for the Services. TSS Guidelines are at: https://support,google.com/enterprise/terms (under Google Cloud Platform Services).

" Updates " means the periodic software updates provided by Google to Customer from time to time. Updates are designed to improve, enhance and further develop the Services and may take the form of bug fixes, enhanced functions, new software modules and completely new versions.

" URL Terms " means the following URL terms: AUP, Cloud Service, Fees, SLA, Service SpeCific Terms, and TSS Guidelines.


pg. 11

SUBSIDIARIES OF WORKIVA LLC

Name
 
Jurisdiction
 
 
 
 
 
Workiva International LLC
 
Delaware
 
Workiva Canada ULC
 
Canada
 
Workiva Netherlands B.V.
 
Netherlands
 
WebFilings Brasil Relatorios Empresariais Online Ltda
 
Brazil
 






 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated August 26, 2014, in the Registration Statement (Form S-1) and related Prospectus of Workiva LLC for the registration of shares of its common stock.


/s/ Ernst & Young LLP



 
Chicago, Illinois
October 17, 2014
 



Date: October 17, 2014

Workiva LLC
2900 University Blvd
Ames, IA 50010

Dear Sirs:
We, Frost & Sullivan of 331 E. Evelyn Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, California, 94041, hereby consent to (1) the use of and references to our name in the prospectus included in the registration statement on Form S-1 of Workiva LLC (to be converted into Workiva Inc.) (the “Company”) and any amendments thereto (the “Registration Statement”); including, but not limited to, under the “Prospectus Summary” and “Business” sections; (2) the filing of this consent as an exhibit to the Registration Statement by the Company for the use of our data and information in the above-mentioned sections; and (3) the statements set out in the Schedule hereto.
    
The data and information used in the Registration Statement; including, but not limited to, under the “Prospectus Summary” and “Business” sections are obtained from our reports titled: “Analysis of the Data Collaboration and Reporting Market” and “Analysis of the Global Data Collaboration and Reporting Software Market.”
 


Yours faithfully,
 
/s/ Michael Stell
Name: Michael Stell
Designation: Controller, Americas
For and on behalf of
Frost & Sullivan


 



SCHEDULE
1.
Our cloud-based and mobile-enabled platform enables enterprises to collaboratively collect, manage, report and analyze critical data in real time.  A 2014 independent study conducted by Frost & Sullivan, which was commissioned by us, estimated that the market for data collaboration and reporting software in 2014 will be $15.8 billion in North America and $10.6 billion in Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA).  The data collaboration and reporting software market addresses a portion of four defined software markets. According to Frost & Sullivan, the 2014 data collaboration and reporting software market in North America and EMEA represents the following portions of each of these software markets: $8.6 billion in governance, risk and compliance; $5.8 billion in corporate performance management; $6.5 billion in business intelligence and data analytics; and $5.5 billion in business productivity.
2.
We obtained the industry, market and competitive position data throughout this prospectus from our own internal estimates and research as well as from industry publications and studies conducted by third parties, including a 2014 independent study conducted by Frost & Sullivan, which was commissioned by us. Frost & Sullivan has consented to the references to their study and the use of their name in this prospectus. The industry publications and third-party studies generally state that the information that they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe that these publications and third-party studies and our internal data are reliable as of their respective dates, the industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications.

 

CONSENT OF DIRECTOR NOMINEE
Pursuant to Rule 438 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned hereby consents to be named and described in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) of Workiva LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (to be converted into a Delaware corporation and renamed Workiva Inc.) (the “Company”), and any amendments or supplements thereto, including the prospectus contained therein, as an individual who has agreed to serve as a director of the Company upon completion of the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock, to all references to the undersigned in connection therewith, and to the filing or attachment of this consent as an exhibit to such Registration Statement and any amendments or supplements thereto.
Dated:
October 17, 2014

 
/s/ Michael M. Crow
Michael M. Crow




CONSENT OF DIRECTOR NOMINEE
Pursuant to Rule 438 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned hereby consents to be named and described in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) of Workiva LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (to be converted into a Delaware corporation and renamed Workiva Inc.) (the “Company”), and any amendments or supplements thereto, including the prospectus contained therein, as an individual who has agreed to serve as a director of the Company upon completion of the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock, to all references to the undersigned in connection therewith, and to the filing or attachment of this consent as an exhibit to such Registration Statement and any amendments or supplements thereto.
Dated:
October 17, 2014

 
/s/ Robert Herz
Robert Herz




CONSENT OF DIRECTOR NOMINEE
Pursuant to Rule 438 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned hereby consents to be named and described in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) of Workiva LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (to be converted into a Delaware corporation and renamed Workiva Inc.) (the “Company”), and any amendments or supplements thereto, including the prospectus contained therein, as an individual who has agreed to serve as a director of the Company upon completion of the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock, to all references to the undersigned in connection therewith, and to the filing or attachment of this consent as an exhibit to such Registration Statement and any amendments or supplements thereto.
Dated:
October 17, 2014

 
/s/ Eugene Katz
Eugene Katz




CONSENT OF DIRECTOR NOMINEE
Pursuant to Rule 438 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned hereby consents to be named and described in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) of Workiva LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (to be converted into a Delaware corporation and renamed Workiva Inc.) (the “Company”), and any amendments or supplements thereto, including the prospectus contained therein, as an individual who has agreed to serve as a director of the Company upon completion of the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock, to all references to the undersigned in connection therewith, and to the filing or attachment of this consent as an exhibit to such Registration Statement and any amendments or supplements thereto.
Dated:
October 17, 2014

 
/s/ David Mulcahy
David Mulcahy




CONSENT OF DIRECTOR NOMINEE
Pursuant to Rule 438 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned hereby consents to be named and described in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) of Workiva LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (to be converted into a Delaware corporation and renamed Workiva Inc.) (the “Company”), and any amendments or supplements thereto, including the prospectus contained therein, as an individual who has agreed to serve as a director of the Company upon completion of the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock, to all references to the undersigned in connection therewith, and to the filing or attachment of this consent as an exhibit to such Registration Statement and any amendments or supplements thereto.
Dated:
October 17, 2014

 
/s/ Suku Radia
Suku Radia