ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT POLICIES
The Prospectus describes the Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strateg ies , as well as the
principal investment risks of the Fund. All investments in securities and other financial instruments involve a risk of financial loss. No assurance can be given that the Fund’s investment program will be successful. Investors should carefully
review the descriptions of the Fund’s principal investments and their risks described in the Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI.
The following descriptions and policies supplement th e descriptions in the Fund’s Prospectus , and include
descriptions of certain types of investments that may be made by the Fund but are not principal investment strategies of the Fund. Unless otherwise noted, the investments described below may be made by the Fund directly or indirectly through
its investments in other investment companies. Attached to this SAI is Appendix A, which contains descriptions of the rating symbols used by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations for securities in which the Fund may invest.
Appendix B contains a cop y of the Advisor’s Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures.
General Investment
Risks.
All investments in securities and other financial instruments involve a risk of financial loss. No assurance can be given that the Fund’s investment program will be successful. Investors should carefully review the descriptions
of the Fund’s principal investments and their risks described in the
P rospectus and this SAI.
Additional Information Regarding the Fund’s Principal Strategies and Risks
Investment Companies.
The Fund will invest in securities of other investment companies, including, without limitation, money market funds, closed-end funds, and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”). The Fund expects to rely on Rule 12d1-1 under the Investment Company Act
of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), when purchasing shares of a money market fund. Under Rule 12d1-1, the Fund may generally invest without limitation in money market funds as long as the Fund pay no sales charge, as defined in rule 2830(b)(8)
of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), or service fee, as defined in Rule 2830(b)(9) of the Conduct Rules of FINRA, charged in connection with the purchase, sale, or redemption of securities issued by the
money market fund; or the Advisor waives its management fee in an amount necessary to offset any sales charge or service fee. The Fund will also purchase shares of other investment companies that are not money market funds. The Fund’s
investments in such securities involve certain additional expenses and certain tax results, which would not be present in a direct investment in the underlying fund. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act , the Fund will be
prevented from: (i) purchasing more than 3% of an investment company's outstanding shares; (ii) investing more than 5% of the Fund's assets in any single such investment company, and (iii) investing more than 10% of the Fund's assets in investment
companies overall; unless: (a) the underlying investment company and/or the applicable Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from such limitations from the SEC; and (b) the underlying investment company and the Fund take appropriate
steps to comply with any conditions in such order. In addition, the Fund is subject to Section 12(d)(1)(C), which provides that the Fund may not acquire shares of a closed-end fund if, immediately after such acquisition, the Fund and other
investment companies having the same adviser as the Fund would hold more than 10% of the closed-end fund’s total outstanding voting stock. However, Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act provides that the limitations of paragraph 12(d)(1) shall not
apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Fund if immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding shares of such investment company is owned by the Fund and all affiliated persons of the
Fund. Investments by the Fund in other investment companies entail a number of risks unique to a fund of funds structure. These risks include the following:
Multiple Layers of
Fees.
By investing in other investment companies indirectly through the Fund, prospective investors will directly bear the fees and expenses of the Fund’s Advisor and indirectly bear the fees and expenses of other investment
companies and other investment companies’ managers as well. As such, this multiple or duplicative layer of fees will increase the cost of investments in the Fund.
Lack of Transparency.
The Advisor will not be able to monitor the investment activities of the other investment companies on a continuous basis and the other investment companies may use investment strategies that differ from its past practices and are not fully
disclosed to the Advisor and that involve risks that are not anticipated by the Advisor. The Fund has no control over the risks taken by the underlying investment companies in which they invest.
Valuation of
Investment Companies.
Although the Advisor will attempt to review the valuation procedures used by other investment companies’ managers, the Advisor will have little or no means of independently verifying valuations of the Fund’s
investments in investment companies and valuations of the underlying securities held by other investment companies. As such, the Advisor will rely significantly on valuations of other investment companies and the securities underlying other
investment companies that are reported by other investment companies’ managers. In the event that such valuations prove to be inaccurate, the net asset value (“NAV”) of the
Fund could be adversely
impacted and an investor could incur a loss of investment in the Fund.
Illiquidity of
Investments
b
y and In Other Investment Companies.
Other investment companies may invest in securities that are not registered, are subject to legal or other restrictions on transfer, or for which no liquid market exists. The market prices, if any, for such securities tend to be volatile and
restricted securities may sell at prices that are lower than similar securities that are not subject to legal restrictions on resale. Further, the Fund may not be able to redeem their interests in other investment companies’ securities that it has
purchased in a timely manner. If adverse market conditions were to develop during any period in which the Fund is unable to redeem interests in other investment companies, the Fund may suffer losses as a result of this illiquidity. As such, the
lack of liquidity and volatility of restricted securities held by other investment companies could adversely affect the value of the other investment companies. Any such losses could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and an
investor could incur a loss of investment in the Fund.
Lack of Control.
Although the Fund and the Advisor will evaluate regularly other investment companies to determine whether their investment programs are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, the Advisor will not have any control over the investments made
by other investment companies. Even though other investment companies are subject to certain constraints, the investment advisor to each such investment company may change aspects of their investment strategies at any time. The Advisor will not
have the ability to control or influence the composition of the investment portfolio of other investment companies.
Lack of
Diversification.
There is no requirement that the underlying investments held by other investment companies be diversified. As such, other investment companies’ managers may target or concentrate other investment companies’
investments in specific markets, sectors, or types of securities. As a result, investments made by other investment companies are subject to greater volatility as a result of this concentration than if the other investment companies had
non-concentrated and diversified portfolios of investments. Thus, the Fund’s portfolios (and by extension the value of an investment in the Fund) may therefore be subject to greater risk than the portfolio of a similar fund with investments in
diversified investment companies.
Use of Leverage.
The other investment companies may utilize leverage (i.e., borrowing) to acquire their underlying portfolio investments. When other investment companies borrow money or otherwise leverage their portfolio of investments, doing so may exaggerate
changes in the NAV of the shares of the other investment companies and in the return on the other investment companies’ investments. Borrowing will also cost other investment companies interest expense and other fees. As such, the value of the
Fund’s investments in other investment companies may be more volatile and all other risks (including the risk of loss of an investment in other investment companies) tend to be compounded or magnified. As a result, any losses suffered by other
investment companies as a result of their use of leverage could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and an investor could incur a loss of investment in the Fund.
Money Market
Instruments.
Money market instruments include U.S. Government obligations or corporate debt obligations (including those subject to repurchase agreements). Money market instruments also may include b anker’s a cceptances and
c ertificates of d eposit of domestic branches of U.S. banks, c ommercial p aper, and v ariable a mount d emand m aster n otes (“Master Notes”). Banker’s a cceptances are time
drafts drawn on and “accepted” by a bank. When a bank “accepts” such a time draft, it assumes liability for its payment. When an investment company acquires a b anker’s a cceptance, the bank that “accepted” the time draft is liable
for payment of interest and principal when due. The b anker’s a cceptance carries the full faith and credit of such bank. A c ertificate of d eposit (“CD”) is an unsecured, interest bearing debt obligation of a bank.
Commercial p aper is an unsecured, short-term debt obligation of a bank, corporation, or other borrower. Commercial p aper maturity generally ranges from two to 270 days and is usually sold on a discounted basis rather than as an
interest-bearing instrument. Master Notes are unsecured obligations which are redeemable upon demand of the holder and which permit the investment of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest.
Foreign Investment Risk.
Foreign securities and foreign currency contracts involve investment risks different from those associated with domestic securities. Changes in foreign economies and political climates are more likely to affect the Fund than a mutual fund that
invests exclusively in domestic securities. The value of foreign currency denominated securities or foreign currency contracts is affected by the value of the local currency relative to the U.S. dollar. There may be less government supervision of
foreign markets, resulting in non-uniform accounting practices and less publicly available information about issuers of foreign currency denominated securities. The value of foreign investments may be affected by changes in exchange control
regulations, application of foreign tax laws (including withholding tax), changes in governmental administration or economic or monetary policy (in this country or abroad) or changed circumstances in dealings between nations. In addition, foreign
brokerage commissions, custody fees, and other costs of investing in foreign securities are generally higher than in the United States. Investments in foreign issues could be affected by other factors not present in the United States, including
expropriation, armed conflict, confiscatory taxation, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations.
Borrowing.
The
Fund may borrow money for investment purposes, which is a form of leveraging. Leveraging investments, by purchasing securities with borrowed money, is a speculative technique that increases investment risk while increasing investment opportunity.
Such borrowing may make the Fund’s NAV more volatile than funds that do not borrow for investment purposes because leverage magnifies changes in the Fund’s NAV and on the Fund’s investments. Although the principal of borrowings will be fixed, the
Fund’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowing is outstanding. Leverage also creates interest expenses for the Fund. To the extent the income derived from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds the interest the Fund
will have to pay, the Fund’s net income will be greater than it would be if leverage were not used. Conversely, if the income from the assets obtained with borrowed funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of leveraging, the net income of the Fund
will be less than it would be if leverage were not used, and therefore the amount available for distribution to shareholders as dividends will be reduced. The use of derivatives in connection with leverage creates the potential for significant
loss. Any leveraging will comply with the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and the guidance of no-action letters issued by the SEC, including Investment Company Act Release No. 10666 (Apr. 18, 1979).
The Fund may also borrow money to meet redemptions or for other emergency purposes. Such borrowings may be on a secured
or unsecured basis at fixed or variable rates of interest. The 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage of not less than 300% with respect to all borrowings. If such asset coverage should decline to less than 300% due to
market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to dispose of some of its portfolio holdings within three days in order to reduce the Fund’s debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an
investment standpoint to dispose of assets at that time. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit. Either of these
requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
Portfolio Turnover.
Portfolio turnover is a ratio that indicates how often the securities in a mutual fund’s portfolio change during a year’s time. Higher numbers indicate a greater number of changes, and lower numbers indicate a smaller number of changes. The Fund
may sell portfolio securities without regard to the length of time they have been held in order to take advantage of new investment opportunities or changing market conditions. Since portfolio turnover may involve paying brokerage commissions and
other transaction costs, there could be additional expenses for the Fund. High rates of portfolio turnover could lower performance of the Fund due to increased costs and may also result in the realization of capital gains. If the Fund realizes
capital gains when they sell portfolio investments, they must generally distribute those gains to shareholders, increasing their taxable distributions.
Information Regarding the Fund’s Non-Principal Strategies and Risks
Exchange Traded Funds.
ETFs are traded on a securities exchange based on their market value. An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional registered investment company (i.e., one that is not exchange
traded). In addition, all ETFs will have costs and expenses that will be passed on to the Fund , which will in turn increase the Fund’s expenses. ETFs are also subject to the following risks that often do not apply to conventional investment
companies: (i) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a discount to the ETF’s net asset value, and as a result, ETFs may experience more price volatility than other types of portfolio investments and which could negatively impact
the Fund’s net asset values; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained at a sufficient volume; (iii) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted if the listing exchange deems such action appropriate; and (iv)
ETF shares may be delisted from the exchange on which they trade, or “circuit breakers” (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices used by the exchange) may temporarily halt trading in the ETF’s stock. ETFs are also subject to the risks of
the underlying securities the ETF holds. Finally, there may be legal limitations and other conditions imposed by rules of the SEC on the amount of the ETF shares that the Fund may acquire.
Equity Securities.
The
equity portion of the Fund’s portfolio may be comprised of common stocks traded on domestic securities exchanges or on the over-the-counter market. In addition to common stocks, the equity portion of the Fund’s portfolio may also include preferred
stocks, convertible preferred stocks, and convertible bonds. Prices of equity securities in which the Fund invests (either directly or indirectly through the Fund’s investment in shares of other investment companies) may fluctuate in response to
many factors, including, but not limited to, the activities of the individual companies whose securities the Fund owns, general market and economic conditions, interest rates, and specific industry changes. Such price fluctuations subject the Fund
to potential losses. In addition, regardless of any one company’s prospects, a declining stock market may produce a decline in prices for all equity securities, which could also result in losses for the Fund. Market declines may continue for an
indefinite period, and investors should understand that during temporary or extended bear markets, the value of equity securities will decline.
Fixed-Income Securities.
F ixed-income securities include government and corporate bonds, money market instruments, high yield securities or “junk bonds” and zero-coupon bonds. Zero-coupon bonds are purchased at a discount from their face values and
accrue interest at the applicable coupon rate over a period of time. Fixed-income securities purchased by the Fund may consist of obligations of any rating. Fixed-income securities in the lowest investment grade categories have speculative
characteristics, with changes in the economy or other circumstances more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the bonds to make principal and interest payments than would occur with bonds rated in higher categories. High yield bonds are
typically rated below “Baa” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or below “BBB” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”) or below investment grade by other recognized rating agencies. The Fund may invest in unrated securities,
but only if, at the time of purchase, the Advisor believes that they are of comparable quality to rated securities that the Fund may purchase. The Fund may also invest indirectly in unrated securities through ETFs and other investment companies
that invest in unrated securities under certain circumstances. Such bonds are subject to greater market fluctuations and risk of loss of income and principal than higher rated bonds for a variety of reasons, including:
Sensitivity to
Interest Rate and Economic Change.
The economy and interest rates affect high yield securities differently than other securities. For example, the prices of high yield bonds have been found to be less sensitive to interest rate
changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. Also, during an economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience
financial stress which would adversely affect their ability to service their principal and interest obligations, to meet projected business goals, and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a bond defaults, an underlying mutual fund may
incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result in increased volatility or market prices of high yield bonds and the Fund’s asset values.
Payment Expectations.
High yield bonds present certain risks based on payment expectations. For example, high yield bonds may contain redemption and call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest rate market, the Fund or an investment
company in which the Fund invests would have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Conversely, a high yield bond’s value will decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will
the value of the Fund’s or other investment company’s assets. If the Fund or a n investment company in which the Fund invests experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to sell its high yield bonds without regard to
their investment merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which the Fund’s or other investment company’s expenses can be spread and possibly reducing the Fund’s or other investment company’s rate of return.
Liquidity and
Valuation.
To the extent that there is no established retail secondary market, there may be thin trading of high yield bonds, and this may impact a fund’s ability to accurately value high yield bonds and may hinder a fund’s ability
to dispose of the bonds. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield bonds, especially in a thinly traded market.
Credit Ratings.
Credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield bonds. Also, because credit rating agencies may fail to timely change the credit ratings to reflect subsequent events, the Fund or an investment
company in which the Fund invests must monitor the issuers of high yield bonds in their portfolios to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow and profits to meet required principal and interest payments, and to assure the
bonds’ liquidity so the Fund or an investment company in which the Fund invests can meet redemption requests.
High-yield securities are deemed speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal
over a long period of time. Special tax considerations are associated with investing in high-yield securities structured as zero coupon or “pay-in-kind” securities. The Fund or an investment company in which the Fund invests ,
will report the interest on these securities as income even though it receives no cash interest until the security’s maturity or payment date. The payment of principal and interest on most fixed-income securities purchased by a fund will depend
upon the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations. An issuer’s obligations under its fixed-income securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the
Federal Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by federal or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. The power or
ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on, and principal of, its fixed-income securities may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.
The ratings of S&P, Moody’s and other nationally recognized rating agencies represent their opinions as to the
quality of fixed-income securities. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality, and fixed-income securities with the same maturity, interest rate, and rating may have different yields while
fixed-income securities of the same maturity and interest rate with different ratings may have the same yield. For a more detailed description of ratings, please see Appendix A.
U.S. Government
Securities.
U.S. Government securities, defined to be (i) U.S. Treasury notes, U.S. Treasury bonds, U.S. Treasury bills, and other U.S. Government obligations; (ii) obligations of the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) and
other U.S. Government sponsored entities that are guaranteed by the U.S. Government; and (iii) obligations of the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), Federal Housing Administration (FHA),
Federal Farm Credit Bank (FFCB), Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB), Student Loan Marketing Association (SLMA), The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and other U.S. Government authorities, agencies, and instrumentalities. While obligations of some U.S.
Government sponsored entities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government (e.g. GNMA), others are not. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to U.S. Government agencies or
instrumentalities in the future since it is not obligated to do so by law. The guarantee of the U.S. Government does not extend to the yield or value of the Fund’s shares.
Debentures.
A
debenture is long-term, unsecured, debt instrument backed only by the integrity of the borrower, not by collateral, and documented by an indenture. Governments often issue debentures, in part because they generally cannot guarantee debt with
assets (government assets are public property). The primary risk with this type of investment is that the issuer will default or go into bankruptcy. As an unsecured creditor, in the event of default or bankruptcy, the holder of a debenture does not
have a claim against any specific assets of the issuing firm, so the investor will only be paid from the issuer’s assets after the secured creditors have been paid. The Fund may invest in all types of debentures, including corporate and government
debentures.
Derivative Instruments
Risk.
W
hen the Fund enters into short sales, options, futures, and other forms of financial derivatives, such as foreign exchange contracts, the investments
involve
risks different from direct investments in the underlying securities
.
While transactions in derivatives may reduce certain risks, these transactions themselves
entail certain other risks. For example, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices, or currency exchange rates may result in a poorer overall performance of a f und than if they had not entered into any derivatives
transactions. Derivatives may magnify a f und’s gains or losses, causing it to make or lose substantially more than it invested. To the extent that the Fund invests in
derivatives,
the Fund will comply, as applicable, with requirements of the 1940 Act and the guidance of no-action letters issued by the SEC, including SEC Release 10666 that require the Fund to segregate assets or otherwise “cover”
its positions in a manner that limits a fund’s risk of loss.
When used for hedging purposes, increases in the value of the securities a fund holds or intends to acquire
should offset any losses incurred with a derivative. Purchasing derivatives for purposes other than hedging could expose a fund to greater risks.
A fund’s ability to hedge securities through derivatives depends on the degree to which price movements in the
underlying index or instrument correlate with price movements in the relevant securities. In the case of poor correlation, the price of the securities a fund is hedging may not move in the same amount, or even in the same direction as the
hedging instrument. A fund will try to minimize this risk by investing only in those contracts whose behavior it expects to resemble with the portfolio securities it is trying to hedge. However, if a fund’s prediction of interest
and currency rates, market value, volatility, or other economic factors is incorrect, a fund may lose money, or may not make as much money as it expected.
Derivative prices can diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the characteristics of the
underlying instruments are very similar to the derivative. Listed below are some of the factors that may cause such a divergence:
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current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until
expiration of the contract;
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a difference between the derivatives and securities markets, including different levels of demand, how the instruments are traded,
the imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading of an instrument stops; and
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differences between the derivatives, such as different margin requirements, different liquidity of such markets, and the
participation of speculators in such markets.
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Derivatives based upon a narrow index of securities may present greater risk than derivatives based on a broad index.
Since narrower indices are made up of a smaller number of securities, they are more susceptible to rapid and extreme price fluctuations because of changes in the value of those securities.
While currency futures and options values are expected to correlate with exchange rates, they may not reflect other
factors that affect the value of the investments of a fund . A currency hedge, for example, should protect a yen-denominated security from a decline in the yen, but will not protect a fund against a price decline resulting from
deterioration in the issuer’s creditworthiness. Because the value of a fund’s foreign-denominated investments changes in response to many factors other than exchange rates, it may not be possible to match the amount of currency options and
futures to the value of the Fund’s investments precisely over time.
Before a futures contract or option is exercised or expires, a fund can terminate it only by entering into a
closing purchase or sale transaction. Moreover, a fund may close out a futures contract only on the exchange the contract was initially traded. Even when there appears to be an active market for options and futures , there is
no guarantee that such a liquid market will exist. If there is no secondary market for the contract, or the market is illiquid, a fund may not be able to close out a position. In an illiquid market, a fund may:
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have to sell securities to meet its daily margin requirements at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so;
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have to purchase or sell the instrument underlying the contract;
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not be able to hedge its investments; and
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not be able to realize profits or limit its losses.
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Derivatives may become illiquid (i.e., difficult to sell at a desired time and price) under a variety of market
conditions. For example:
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an exchange may suspend or limit trading in a particular derivative instrument, an entire category of derivatives, or all
derivatives, which sometimes occurs because of increased market volatility;
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unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations of an exchange;
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the facilities of the exchange may not be adequate to handle current trading volume;
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equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm or clearing house, or other occurrences may disrupt
normal trading activity; or
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investors may lose interest in a particular derivative or category of derivatives.
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If a fund incorrectly predicts securities market and interest rate trends,
such fund may lose money by investing in derivatives. For example, if a fund were to write a call option based on the expectation that the price of the underlying security would fall, but the price was to
rise instead, a fund could be required to sell the security upon exercise at a price below the current market price. Similarly, if a fund were to write a put option based on the expectation that the price of the underlying security
would rise, but the price was to fall instead, a fund could be required to purchase the security upon exercise at a price higher than the current market price.
Because of the low margin deposits required upon the opening of a derivative position, such transactions involve an
extremely high degree of leverage. Consequently, a relatively small price movement in a derivative may result in an immediate and substantial loss (as well as gain) to the Fund and they may lose more than it originally invested in the derivative.
If the price of a futures contract changes adversely, a fund may have to sell securities at a time when it is
disadvantageous to do so to meet its minimum daily margin requirement. A fund may lose margin deposits if a broker with whom they have an open futures contract or related option becomes insolvent or declares bankruptcy.
The prices of derivatives are volatile (i.e., they may change rapidly, substantially, and unpredictably) and are
influenced by a variety of factors, including:
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actual and anticipated changes in interest rates;
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fiscal and monetary policies; and
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national and international political events.
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Most exchanges limit the amount by which the price of a derivative can change during a single trading day. Daily
trading limits establish the maximum amount that the price of a derivative may vary from the settlement price of that derivative at the end of trading on the previous day. Once the price of a derivative reaches this value, a fund may not
trade that derivative at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a given day and does not limit potential gains or losses. Derivative prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive
trading days, preventing prompt liquidation of the derivative.
Options.
While the Fund does not intend to purchase and write put and call options on securities directly, it may indirectly hold such securities through the holdings of the funds in which it invests . The
purchase and writing of options involves certain risks. During the option period, a call writer that holds the underlying security has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the
underlying securities above the exercise price, but, as long as its obligation as a writer continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. The writer of an option has no control over the time when it
may be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot affect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the
underlying securities at the exercise price. If a put or call option purchased by a fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security, in the case of a put, remains equal to or greater than the
exercise price or, in the case of a call, remains less than or equal to the exercise price, a fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also, where a put or call option on a particular security is purchased to hedge against price
movements in a related security, the price of the put or call option may move more or less than the price of the related security. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when a fund seeks to close out an option position.
Furthermore, if trading restrictions or suspensions are imposed on the options market, a fund may be unable to close out a position.
To the extent that a fund invests in
options,
such fund will comply with the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and the guidance of no-action letters issued by the SEC, including Investment Company Act Release No. 10666 (Apr. 18, 1979). A fund may
write a call or put option only if the option is “covered” by holding a position in the underlying securities or by other means which would permit immediate satisfaction of a fund’s obligation as writer of the option. A written call option
creates a potential obligation to sell the underlying security. In order to make sure that this obligation can be met, a fund could (i) hold the security underlying the written option; (ii) hold an offsetting call option (one with a strike
price that is the same or lower than the strike price of the written option); or (iii) segregate cash and liquid securities (which can be cash, U.S. Government securities, and other liquid debt or equity securities) that when added to collateral on
deposit equals the market value of the underlying security. A written put option creates a potential obligation to buy the underlying security. In order to make sure that this obligation can be met, a fund could (i) sell short the
underlying security at the same or higher price than the strike price of the written put option; (ii) hold an offsetting put option (one with a strike price that is the same or higher than the strike price of the written option); or (iii) segregate
cash and liquid securities that when added to collateral on deposit equals the strike price of the option.
Futures Contracts.
While
the fund does not intend to invest in futures directly, it may indirectly hold futures through the holdings of the funds in which it invests.
A
futures contract is a bilateral agreement to buy or sell a security (or deliver a cash settlement price, in the case of a contract relating to an index or otherwise not calling for physical delivery at the end of trading in the contracts) for a set
price in the future. Futures contracts are designated by boards of trade that have been designated “contracts markets” by the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). No purchase price is paid or received when the contract is entered into.
Instead, a fund , upon entering into a futures contract (and to maintain a fund’s open positions in futures contracts), would be required to deposit with its custodian in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an
amount of cash, U.S. G overnment securities, suitable money market instruments, or liquid, high-grade debt securities, known as “initial margin.” The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the
contract is traded and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the
contract being traded. By using futures contracts as a risk management technique, given the greater liquidity in the futures market than in the cash market, it may be possible to accomplish certain results more quickly and with lower transaction
costs.
If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a
purchase) s uch that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases
because of favorable price changes in the futures contract s uch that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to a fund . These subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the
futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” A fund is expected
to earn interest income on initial and variation margin deposits.
A fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases and sells futures contracts. Positions taken in the futures
markets are not normally held until delivery or cash settlement is required but are instead liquidated through offsetting transactions that may result in a gain or a loss. While futures positions taken by a fund will usually be liquidated
in this manner, a fund may instead make or take delivery of underlying securities whenever it appears economically advantageous for a fund to do so. A clearing organization associated with the exchange on which futures are traded
assumes responsibility for closing out transactions and guarantees that as between the clearing members of an exchange, the sale and purchase obligations will be performed with regard to all positions that remain open at the termination of the
contract.
In addition to the margin restrictions discussed above, transactions in futures contracts may involve the segregation of
Funds pursuant to requirements imposed by the SEC. Under those requirements, where a fund has a long position in a futures contract, it may be required to establish a segregated account (not with a futures commission merchant or broker)
containing cash or certain liquid assets equal to the purchase price of the contract (less any margin on deposit). However, segregation of assets is not required if a fund “covers” a long position. For a short position in futures or
forward contracts held by a fund , those requirements may mandate the establishment of a segregated account (not with a futures commission merchant or broker) with cash or certain liquid assets that, when added to the amounts deposited as
margin, equal the market value of the instruments underlying the futures contracts (but are not less than the price at which the short positions were established).
Short Sales.
While
the Fund does not intend to engage in short sales directly, the funds in which it invests may engage in short sales. A short sale is a transaction in which a party sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or
that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. When a party makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and
deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The party is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the party may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay
over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.
If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the party covers
the short position, the party will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the party will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The
successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
If a party does sell “short”, the party will comply with current guidance from the staff of the SEC
regarding asset coverage requirements, including Investment Company Act Release No. 10666 (Apr. 18, 1979). In particular, the party will take measures to ensure its obligation to purchase the security in the future will be met, including
(i) holding the security sold short; (ii) holding an offsetting call option (one with a strike price that is the same or lower than the price at which the security was sold short); or (iii) segregating liquid assets (which can be cash, U.S.
Government securities, and other liquid debt or equity securities) on the party’s books or in a segregated account at the party’s custodian in an amount sufficient to cover the current value of the securities to be replaced as
well as any dividends, interest, and transaction costs due to the broker-dealer lender. In determining the amount to be segregated, any securities that have been sold short by the party will be marked to market daily. To the extent the
market price of the securities sold short increases and more assets are required to meet the party’s short sale obligations, additional assets will be segregated to ensure adequate coverage of the party’s short position
obligations. If the party does not have the assets to cover a short sale, then the party’s potential losses on the short will be unlimited because the security’s price may appreciate indefinitely.
Swaps.
While
the fund does not intend to invest in swaps directly, it may indirectly hold swaps through the holdings of the funds in which it invests. Swaps may include currency, equity, interest rate, index and other swaps, which involve the exchange by
an investor with another party of their respective commitments, in an attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower cost than if a fund had invested directly in the asset that yielded
the desired return. In the case of interest rate swaps, an investor may exchange with another party their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. Use of swaps
subjects the investor to risk of default by the counterparties. If there is a default by the counterparty to such a transaction, there may be contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction although contractual remedies
may not be sufficient in the event that the counterparty to the transaction is insolvent. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and agents
utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments which are traded in the interbank market. An investor may also enter into currency
swaps or other swaps which are similar to interest rate swaps but may be surrogates for other instruments such as currency forwards or options.
Forward Commitment and
When-Issued Securities.
While the Fund does not intend to purchase securities on a when-issued basis for settlement at a future date directly, it may indirectly engage in such transactions through the holdings of the funds in which it
invests. A fund may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or for settlement at a future date if a fund holds sufficient assets to meet the purchase price. In such purchase transactions, a fund will not accrue interest on
the purchased security until the actual settlement. Similarly, if a security is sold for a forward date, a fund will accrue the interest until the settlement of the sale. When-issued security purchases and forward commitments have a higher
degree of risk of price movement before settlement due to the extended time period between the execution and settlement of the purchase or sale. As a result, the exposure to the counterparty of the purchase or sale is increased. Although a
fund would generally purchase securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis with the intention of taking delivery, a fund may sell such a security prior to the settlement date if the Advisor feels such action is
appropriate. In such a case, a fund could incur a short-term gain or loss.
Liquidity Impact of
Margin and Segregation Requirements.
Although the Fund will segregate cash and liquid assets in an amount sufficient to cover its open obligations with respect to written options, short sales, and other derivative instruments as
applicable, the segregated assets will be available to the Fund immediately upon closing out the positions, while settlement of securities transactions could take several days. However, because the Fund’s cash that may otherwise be invested would
be held uninvested or invested in other liquid assets so long as the position remains open, the Fund’s return could be diminished due to the opportunity losses of foregoing other potential investments.
Repurchase Agreements.
While the Fund does not intend to enter into repurchase agreements directly, it may indirectly engage in such transactions through the holdings of the funds in which it invests. A repurchase transaction occurs when an investor purchases a
security (normally a U.S. Treasury obligation), and it then resells it to the vendor (normally a member bank of the Federal Reserve or a registered government securities dealer) and is required to deliver the security (and/or securities substituted
for them under the repurchase agreement) to the vendor on an agreed upon date in the future. The repurchase price exceeds the purchase price by an amount which reflects an agreed upon market interest rate effective for the period of time during
which the repurchase agreement is in effect. Delivery pursuant to the resale normally will occur within one to seven days of the purchase. Repurchase agreements are considered “loans” under the 1940 Act, collateralized by the underlying security.
The Trust has implemented procedures to monitor on a continuous basis the value of the collateral serving as security for repurchase obligations. The Advisor will consider the creditworthiness of the vendor. If the vendor fails to pay the agreed
upon resale price on the delivery date, a fund will retain or attempt to dispose of the collateral. A fund’s risk is that such default may include any decline in value of the collateral to an amount which is less than 100% of the
repurchase price, any costs of disposing of such collateral, and any loss resulting from any delay in foreclosing on the collateral.
Repurchase agreements that do not
provide for payment within seven days will be treated as illiquid securities.
Illiquid Investments.
The Fund may invest up to 15% of net assets in illiquid securities, which are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the prices at which they are valued. This
restriction is not limited to the time of purchase. Under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board” or “Trustees”), the Advisor determines the liquidity of the Fund’s investments, and through reports from the Advisor, the
Trustees monitor investments in illiquid instruments. In determining the liquidity of the Fund’s investments, the Advisor may consider various factors including (i) the frequency of trades and quotations; (ii) the number of dealers and prospective
purchasers in the marketplace; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market; (iv) the nature of the security (including any demand or tender features); and (v) the nature of the marketplace for trades (including the ability to assign or offset the
Fund’s rights and obligations relating to the investment). If through a change in values, net assets, or other circumstances, the Fund w as in a position where more than 15% of its net assets were invested in illiquid securities, it would
seek to take appropriate steps to protect liquidity. Investment in illiquid securities poses risks of potential delays in resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio
securities and the Fund may be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices.
Restricted Securities.
Within its limitation on investment in illiquid securities, the Fund may purchase restricted securities that generally can be sold in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration under the federal securities laws,
or in a registered public offering. Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expense and a considerable period may elapse between the time it decides to seek registration and the time the
Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If during such a period adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to seek registration
of the security. Restricted securities that can be offered and sold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933 and are determined to be liquid under guidelines adopted by and subject to the supervision of the
Trustees are not subject to the limitations on illiquid securities.
Lending of Portfolio
Securities.
In order to generate additional income, the Fund may lend portfolio securities in an amount up to 33% of total Fund assets to broker-dealers, major banks, or other recognized domestic institutional borrowers of securities
which the Advisor has determined are creditworthy under guidelines established by the Board of Trustees. In determining whether the Fund will lend securities, the Advisor will consider all relevant facts and circumstances. The Fund may not lend
securities to any company affiliated with the Advisor. Each loan of securities will be collateralized by cash, U.S. Government securities, or standby letters of credit not issued by the Fund’s bank lending agent . The Fund might
experience a loss if the borrower defaults on the loan.
The borrower at all times during the loan must maintain with the Fund cash or cash equivalent collateral. While the loan
is outstanding, the borrower will pay the Fund any interest paid on the loaned securities, and the Fund may invest the cash collateral to earn additional income. Alternatively, the Fund may receive an agreed-upon amount of interest income from the
borrower who has delivered equivalent collateral. It is anticipated that the Fund may share with the borrower some of the income received on the collateral for the loan or the Fund will be paid a premium for the loan. Voting rights for loaned
securities will typically pass to the borrower, but the Fund will retain the right to call any security in anticipation of a vote that the Advisor deems material to the security on loan. Loans are subject to termination at the option of the Fund or
the borrower at any time. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan and may pay a negotiated portion of the income earned on the cash to the borrower or placing broker. As with other extensions of
credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.
Securities lending involves counterparty risk, including the risk that the loaned securities may not be returned or
returned in a timely manner and/or a loss of rights in the collateral if the borrower or the lending agent defaults or fails financially. This risk will be increased if a continuation of the current downturn in the economic conditions in the United
States and around the world, particularly the recent failures of several major financial services firms, causes further declines in the securities markets and/or causes further financial instability in the borrowers or lending agents. This risk is
increased when the Fund’s loans are concentrated with a single or limited number of borrowers. There are no limits on the number of borrowers the Fund may use, and the Fund may lend securities to only one or a small group of borrowers. Mutual
funds participating in securities lending bear the risk of loss in connection with investments of the cash collateral received from the borrowers, which do not trigger additional collateral requirements from the borrower.
Temporary Defensive
Positions.
The Fund may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategies in an attempt to respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions.
During such an unusual set of circumstances, the Fund may hold up to 100% of its portfolios in cash or cash equivalent positions (e.g., money market securities, U.S. Government securities, and/or similar securities). When the Fund takes a temporary
defensive position, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The Fund has adopted the following investment limitations, which cannot be changed without approval by holders of a
majority of the outstanding voting shares of the Fund. A “majority” for this purpose means the lesser of (i) 67% of the Fund’s outstanding shares represented in person or by proxy at a meeting at which more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented; or (ii) more than 50% of its outstanding shares.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund may not:
(1)
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Issue senior securities, except as permitted by the 1940 Act;
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(2)
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Borrow money, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act (including, without limitation, borrowing to meet redemptions).
For purposes of this investment restriction, the entry into options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those relating to indices, and options on futures contracts or indices shall not constitute borrowing;
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(3)
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Pledge, mortgage, or hypothecate its assets, except to the extent necessary to secure permitted borrowings and to the extent
related to the deposit of assets in escrow in connection with writing covered put and call options and the purchase of securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and collateral and initial or variation margin arrangements
with respect to options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those relating to indices, and options on futures contracts or indices;
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(4)
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Act as an underwriter except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, the Fund may be deemed
to be an underwriter under certain federal securities laws;
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(5)
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Purchase or sell real estate or direct interests in real estate; provided, however, that the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies that invest or deal in real estate (including, without limitation, investments in real estate investment trusts (“ REITs ”) , mortgage-backed securities, and
privately-held real estate funds);
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(6)
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Invest in commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell securities of companies that invest in commodities, options,
forward contracts, futures contracts, including those relating to indices and currencies, and options on futures contracts, indices or currencies;
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(7)
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Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management over a portfolio company;
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(8)
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Make loans, provided that the Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount up to 33% of total Fund assets, and provided
further that, for purposes of this restriction, investment in U.S. Government obligations, short-term commercial paper, certificates of deposit, and bankers’ acceptances;
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(9)
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Concentrate its investments. The Fund’s concentration policy limits the aggregate value of holdings of a single industry or group
of industries (except U.S. Government and cash items) to less than 25% of the Fund’s total assets; or
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(10)
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With respect to 75% of its total assets: (i) purchase 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer; or (ii)
purchase securities of any issuer if, as a result, 5% or more of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in that issuer’s securities. This limitation does not apply to investments in (i) cash and cash items; (ii) securities of other
registered investment companies; and (iii) obligations of the United States Government, its agencies, or instrumentalities.
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Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act
generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although it does not treat certain transactions as senior securities (“Permitted Senior Securities”), such as certain borrowings, short sales, firm commitment agreements, and standby
commitments, with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligations.
The Fund is allowed to pledge, mortgage, or hypothecate assets up to the amounts allowable under the 1940 Act, which
presently allows the Fund to borrow from any bank (including pledging, mortgaging or hypothecating assets) in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets).
For purposes of the Fund’s concentration policy, if the Fund invests in one or more investment companies, the Fund
will examine the holdings of such investment companies to ensure that the Fund is not indirectly concentrating its investments in a particular industry. In determining the exposure of the Fund to a particular industry for purposes of the
fundamental investment restriction on concentration, the Fund currently uses Standard & Poor’s Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) in order to classify industries.
With respect to the fundamental investment restrictions above (other than those involving Permitted Senior Securities
and borrowings), if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction (i.e., percentage
limitations are determined at the time of purchase).
The Fund principally invests in unaffiliated closed-end investment companies. Neither the Fund nor the Advisor will
have control or influence over the activities of such investment companies. While other investment companies are subject to certain constraints of the 1940 Act, the investment limitations of the other investment companies in which the Fund
invests, with the exception of policies on concentration, may differ from those of the Fund.
Non-Fundamental
Policies.
The following investment policies are not fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval.
The Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the
1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in discounted closed-end funds.
The Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in securities for which there are legal or
contractual restrictions on resale or other illiquid securities.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Subject to the general supervision of the Trustees, the Advisor makes decisions with respect to, and places orders for
all purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the Fund. The Advisor shall manage the Fund’s portfolios in accordance with the terms of the i nvestment a dvisory a greement by and between the Advisor and the Trust on
behalf of the Fund (“Advisory Agreement”), which is described in detail under “Management and Other Service Providers – Investment Advisor.” The Advisor serves as investment advisor for a number of client accounts, including the Fund. Investment
decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for any other series of the Trust, if any, and for any other investment companies and accounts advised or managed by the Advisor.
Brokerage Selection.
The Fund has adopted, and the Trustees have approved, policies and procedures relating to the direction of mutual fund portfolio securities transactions to broker-dealers. The Advisor may not give consideration to sales of shares of the Fund
as a factor in selecting broker-dealers to execute portfolio securities transactions. The Advisor may, however, place portfolio transactions with broker-dealers that promote or sell the Fund’s shares so long as such transactions are done in
accordance with the policies and procedures established by the Trustees that are designed to ensure that the selection is based on the quality of the broker’s execution and not on its sales efforts. In selecting brokers to be used in portfolio
transactions, the Advisor’s general guiding principle is to obtain the best overall execution for each trade, which is a combination of price and execution. With respect to execution, the Advisor considers a number of discretionary factors,
including, without limitation, the actual handling of the order, the ability of the broker to settle the trade promptly and accurately, the financial standing of the broker, the ability of the broker to position stock to facilitate execution, the
Advisor’s past experience with similar trades, and other factors that may be unique to a particular order. Recognizing the value of these discretionary factors, the Advisor may select brokers who charge a brokerage commission that is higher than
the lowest commission that might otherwise be available for any given trade.
Under Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is authorized to pay
a brokerage commission in excess of that which another broker might have charged for effecting the same transaction, in recognition of the value of brokerage and/or research services provided by the broker. The research received by the Advisor may
include, without limitation: information on the United States and other world economies; information on specific industries, groups of securities, individual companies, and political and other relevant news developments affecting markets and
specific securities; technical and quantitative information about markets; analysis of proxy proposals affecting specific companies; accounting and performance systems that allow the Advisor to determine and track investment results; and trading
systems that allow the Advisor to interface electronically with brokerage firms, custodians, and other providers. Research is received in the form of written reports, telephone contacts, personal meetings, research seminars, software programs, and
access to computer databases. In some instances, research products or services received by the Advisor may also be used by the Advisor for functions that are not research related (i.e. not related to the making of investment decisions). Where a
research product or service has a mixed use, the Advisor will make a reasonable allocation according to the use and will pay for the non-research function in cash using its own funds.
The research and investment information services described above make available to the Advisor for its analysis and
consideration the views and information of individuals and research staffs of other securities firms. These services may be useful to the Advisor in connection with advisory clients other than the Fund and not all such services may be useful to the
Advisor in connection with the Fund. Although such information may be a useful supplement to the Advisor’s own investment information in rendering services to the Fund, the value of such research and services is not expected to reduce materially
the expenses of the Advisor in the performance of its services under the Advisory Agreement and will not reduce the management fees payable to the Advisor by the Fund.
The Fund may invest in securities traded in the over-the-counter market. In these cases, the Fund may initiate trades
through brokers on an agency basis and pay a commission in connection with the transaction. The Fund may also effect these transactions by dealing directly with the dealers who make a market in the securities involved, in which case the costs of
such transactions would involve dealer spreads rather than brokerage commissions. With respect to securities traded only in the over-the-counter market, orders will be executed on a principal basis with primary market makers in such securities
except where better prices or executions may be obtained on an agency basis or by dealing with those other than a primary market maker.
The Fund may participate, if and when practicable, in bidding for the purchase of Fund securities directly from an
issuer in order to take advantage of the lower purchase price available to members of a bidding group. The Fund will engage in this practice, however, only when the Advisor, in its sole discretion, believes such practice to be otherwise in the
Fund’s interest.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 201 9 , March 31, 201 8 , and March 31, 201 7 ,
the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $90,395 $134,831, and $257,267, respectively. The decrease in commissions from prior years was primarily due to a decrease in net trade amounts.
Aggregated Trades.
While investment decisions for the Fund are made independently of the Advisor’s other client accounts, the Advisor’s other client accounts may invest in the same securities as the Fund. To the extent permitted by law, the Advisor may aggregate the
securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for other investment companies or accounts in executing transactions. When a purchase or sale of the same security is made at substantially the same time on behalf
of the Fund and another investment company or account, the transaction will be averaged as to price and available investments allocated as to amount in a manner which the Advisor believes to be equitable to the Fund and such other investment
company or account. In some instances, this investment procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the size of the position obtained or sold by the Fund.
Portfolio Turnover.
The annualized portfolio turnover rate for the Fund is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the reporting period by the monthly average value of the portfolio securities owned during the reporting
period. The calculation excludes all securities whose maturities or expiration dates at the time of acquisition are one year or less. Portfolio turnover of the Fund may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year and may be
affected by cash requirements for redemption of shares and by requirements that enable the Fund to receive favorable tax treatment. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor in making Fund decisions, and the Fund may engage in short-term
trading to achieve its investment objectives. High rates of portfolio turnover could lower performance of the Fund due to increased transaction costs and may also result in the realization of short-term capital gains taxed at ordinary income tax
rates. The portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 201 9 was 55.00 %. The portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 201 8 was 71.82 % .
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST
The Trust, which is a statutory trust organized under Delaware law on May 13, 2009, is an open-end management investment
company. The Trust’s Declaration of Trust (“Trust Instrument”) authorizes the Trustees to divide shares into series, each series relating to a separate portfolio of investments, and to classify and reclassify any unissued shares into one or more
classes of shares of each such series. The Trust currently consists of 17 series
.
Additional series and/or classes may be created from time to time. The
number of shares in each series of the Trust shall be unlimited. When issued for payment as described in the Fund’s P rospectus and this SAI, shares of the Fund will be fully paid and non-assessable and shall have no preemptive or
conversion rights. The Trust normally does not issue share certificates.
In the event of a liquidation or dissolution of the Trust or an individual series, such as the Fund, shareholders of a
particular series would be entitled to receive the assets available for distribution belonging to such series. Shareholders of a series are entitled to participate equally in the net distributable assets of the particular series involved on
liquidation, based on the number of shares of the series that are held by each shareholder. If there are any assets, income, earnings, proceeds, funds, or payments that are not readily identifiable as belonging to any particular series, the
Trustees shall allocate them among any one or more of the series as they, in their sole discretion, deem fair and equitable.
Shareholders of all of the series of the Trust, including the Fund, will vote together and not separately on a
series-by-series or class-by-class basis, except as otherwise required by law or when the Trustees determine that the matter to be voted upon affects only the interests of the shareholders of a particular series or class. The Trust has adopted a
Rule 18f-3 Multi-class Plan for certain series that contain the general characteristics of and conditions under which such series may offer multiple classes of shares. Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be submitted
to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares affected by the matter. A
series or class is affected by a matter unless it is clear that the interests of each series or class in the matter are substantially identical or that the matter does not affect any interest of the series or class. Under Rule 18f-2, the approval
of an investment advisory agreement or any change in a fundamental investment policy would be effectively acted upon with respect to a series only if approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of such series. However, the rule also provides
that the ratification of the appointment of independent accountants, the approval of principal underwriting contracts, and the election of Trustees may be effectively acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting together, without regard to a
particular series or class. Rights of shareholders can only be modified by a majority vote.
When used in the Prospectus or this SAI, a “majority” of shareholders means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the
shares of the Trust or the applicable series or class present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or the applicable
series or class.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share and a fractional vote for each fractional share held. Shares
have non-cumulative voting rights, which means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trustees, and in this event, the holders of the remaining shares voting will not be able to
elect any Trustees.
The Trustees will hold office indefinitely, except that: (i) any Trustee may resign or retire, and (ii) any Trustee may
be removed: (a) any time by written instrument signed by at least two-thirds of the number of Trustees prior to such removal; (b) at any meeting of shareholders of the Trust by a vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust; or (c) by
a written declaration signed by shareholders holding not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust. In case a vacancy on the Board of Trustees shall for any reason exist, the vacancy shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a
majority of the remaining Trustees, subject to certain restrictions under the 1940 Act. Otherwise, there will normally be no meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees, and the Trust does not expect to have an annual meeting of
shareholders.
The Trust Instrument provides that the Trustees will not be liable in any event in connection with the affairs of the
Trust, except as such liability may arise from a Trustee’s bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties. It also provides that all third parties shall look solely to the Trust’s property for satisfaction of
claims arising in connection with the affairs of the Trust. With the exceptions stated, the Trust Instrument provides that a Trustee or officer is entitled to be indemnified against all liability in connection with the affairs of the Trust.
MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
The Trustees are responsible for the management and supervision of the Fund. The Trustees approve all significant
agreements between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and those companies that furnish services to the
Fund; review performance of the Advisor and the Fund; and oversee activities of the Fund. This
section of the SAI provides information about the persons who serve as Trustees and officers to the Trust and Fund, respectively, as well as the entities that provide services to the Fund.
Trustees and
Officers.
Following are the Trustees and officers of the Trust, their age and address, their present position with the Trust or the Fund, and their principal occupation during the past five years. The Trustees in the following table who
are not “interested ” persons of the Trust within the meaning of the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”) are indicated as such . The address of each Trustee and officer of the Trust, unless otherwise indicated, is
116 South Franklin Street, Rocky Mount, North Carolina 27804.
Name, Age
and Address
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Position
held with
Funds or Trust
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Length
of Time Served
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Principal Occupation
During Past 5 Years
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Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee
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Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years
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Independent Trustees
|
James H. Speed, Jr.
Date of Birth: 06/1953
|
Independent Trustee, Chairman
|
Trustee since 7/09, Chair since 5/12
|
Previously President and CEO of NC Mutual Insurance Company (insurance company) from 2003 to 2015.
|
17
|
Independent Trustee of the Brown Capital Management Mutual Funds for all its series, Hillman Capital Management Investment Trust
for all its series, Centaur Mutual Funds Trust for all its series, Chesapeake Investment Trust for all its series, Leeward Investment Trust for all its series, and WST Investment Trust for all its series (all registered investment
companies). Member of Board of Directors of M&F Bancorp. Member of Board of Directors of Investors Title Company. Previously, Board of Directors of NC Mutual Life Insurance Company.
|
Theo H. Pitt, Jr.
Date of Birth: 04/1936
|
Independent Trustee
|
Since 9/10
|
Senior Partner, Community Financial Institutions Consulting (financial consulting) since 1999; Partner, Pikar Properties (real
estate) since 2001.
|
17
|
Independent Trustee of World Funds Trust for all its series, Chesapeake Investment Trust for all its series, DGHM Investment Trust
for all its series, Leeward Investment Trust for all its series and Hillman Capital Management Investment Trust for all its series (all registered investment companies).
|
Michael G. Mosley
Date of Birth: 01/1953
|
Independent Trustee
|
Since 7/10
|
Owner of Commercial Realty Services (real estate) since 2004.
|
17
|
None.
|
J. Buckley Strandberg
Date of Birth: 03/1960
|
Independent Trustee
|
Since 7/09
|
President of Standard Insurance and Realty since 1982.
|
17
|
None.
|
Other Officers
|
Katherine M. Honey
Date of Birth: 09/1973
|
President and Principal Executive Officer
|
Since 05/15
|
EVP of The Nottingham Company since 2008.
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Ashley E. Harris
Date of Birth: 03/1984
|
Treasurer, Assistant Secretary and Principal Financial Officer
|
Since 05/15
|
Fund Accounting Manager and Financial Reporting, The Nottingham Company since 2008.
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Robert G. Schaaf
Date of Birth: 09/1988
|
Secretary
|
Since 09/18
|
General Counsel of The Nottingham Company since 2018; Daughtry, Woodard, Lawrence & Starling (08/2015 – 01/2018); JD/MBA
Candidate, Wake Forest University (07/2011 – 05/2015).
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Name, Age
and Address
|
Position
held with
Funds or Trust
|
Length
of Time Served
|
Principal Occupation
During Past 5 Years
|
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee
|
Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years
|
Stacey Gillespie
Date of Birth: 05/1974
|
Chief Compliance Officer
|
Since 03/16
|
Compliance Director, Cipperman Compliance Services, LLC (09/15-present). Formerly, Chief Compliance Officer of Boenning &
Scattergood, Inc. (2013-2015) and Director of Investment Compliance at Boenning & Scattergood, Inc. (2007-2013).
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
The Board met six times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 201 9 .
Board Structure.
The
Trust’s Board includes four Independent Trustees. Mr. Speed, Jr. , serves as the Independent Chairman of the Board. The Board has established several standing committees: Audit Committee, Nominating Committee, Fair Valuation
Committee, Governance Committee, and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee. These standing committees are comprised entirely of the Independent Trustees. Other information about these standing committees is set forth below. The Board has
determined that the Board’s structure is appropriate given the characteristics, size, and operations of the Trust. The Board also believes that its leadership structure, including its committees, helps facilitate effective oversight of Trust
management. The Board reviews its structure annually.
With respect to risk oversight, the Board considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight
responsibilities throughout the year. The Board holds four regular board meetings each year during which the Board receives risk management reports and/or assessments from Trust management, the Fund’s advisor, administrator, transfer agent, and
distributor, and receives an annual report from the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). The Audit Committee also meets with the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm on an annual basis, to discuss among other things, the
internal control structure of the Trust’s financial reporting function. When appropriate, the Board may hold special meeting or communicate directly with Trust management, the CCO, the Trust’s third - party service providers, legal counsel, or
independent public accountants to address matters arising between regular board meeting or needing special attention. In addition, the Board has adopted policies and procedures for the Trust to help detect and prevent and, if necessary, correct
violations of federal securities laws.
Qualification of
Trustees.
The Board believes that each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees on the Board lead to the conclusion that the Board possesses the
requisite skills and attributes to carry out its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust. The Board believes that its Trustees’ ability to review, critically evaluate, question, and discuss information provided to them, to interact
effectively with the Advisor, other service providers, counsel and independent auditors, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of its duties, support this conclusion. The Board also has considered the following experience,
qualifications, attributes and/or skills, among others, of its members, as applicable, in reaching its conclusion: (i) such person’s business and professional experience and accomplishments, including prior experience in the financial services and
investment management fields or on other boards; (ii) such person’s ability to work effectively with the other members of the Board; (iii) how the individual’s skills, experiences, and attributes would contribute to an appropriate mix of relevant
skills and experience on the Board; (iv) such person’s character and integrity; (v) such person’s willingness to serve and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Trustee; and (vi) as to each Trustee his
status as an Independent Trustee.
In addition, the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills were considered in respect of
the listed Trustee. Mr. Mosley has had business experience as an owner of a real estate company. Mr. Pitt has experience as an investor, including his role as trustee of several other investment companies and business experience as s enior p artner
of a financial consulting company, as a p artner of a real estate partnership and as an a ccount a dministrator for a money management firm. Mr. Speed also has experience as an investor as trustee of several other investment
companies and business experience as p resident and chief executive officer of an insurance company and as p resident of a company in the business of consulting and private investing. Mr. Strandberg also has investment
experience as a former trustee of another investment company and business experience as p resident of an insurance and property management company.
The Board has determined that each of the Trustees’ careers and background, combined with their interpersonal skills and
general understanding of financial and other matters, enable the Trustees to effectively participate in and contribute to the Board’s functions and oversight of the Trust. References to the qualifications, attributes, and skills of Trustees are
pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute holding out the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.
Trustee Standing
Committees.
The Trustees have established the following standing committees:
Audit Committee.
All of the
Independent Trustees are members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee oversees the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, reviews the results of the annual audits of the Fund’s financial statements, and interacts
with the Fund’s independent auditors on behalf of all the Trustees. The Audit Committee met nine times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 201 9 .
Nominating Committee.
All of
the Independent Trustees are members of the Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee nominates, selects, and appoints independent trustees to fill vacancies on the Board and to stand for election at meetings of the shareholders of the
Trust. The Nominating Committee meets only as necessary. The Nominating Committee generally will not consider nominees recommended by shareholders of the Trust. The Nominating Committee meets only as necessary and did not meet during the fiscal
year ended March 31, 201 9 .
Fair Valuation Committee.
An Independent Trustee and a representative of the advisor are members of the Fair Valuation Committee. The Fair Valuation Committee has the authority to determine the fair value of specific securities under the methods established by the adopted
Guidelines for Valuing Portfolio Securities. The Fair Valuation Committee meets only as necessary. The Fair Valuation Committee met 30 times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
Governance Committee.
The Independent Trustees are the current members of the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee assists the Board in adopting fund governance practices and meeting certain fund governance standards. The Governance Committee operates
pursuant to a Governance Committee Charter and normally meets annually, but may also meet as often as necessary to carry out its purpose. The Governance Committee met once during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
Qualified Legal Compliance Committee.
The Independent Trustees are the current members of the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee. The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee receives, investigates, and makes recommendations as to appropriate remedial action in connection with any report
of evidence of a material violation of securities laws or breach of fiduciary duty or similar violation by the Trust, its officers, Trustees, or agents. The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee meets only as necessary and did not meet during the fiscal
year ended March 31, 201 9 .
Beneficial Equity
Ownership Information.
The table below shows for each Trustee, the amount of Fund equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee, and the aggregate value of all investments in equity securities of the Fund complex, as of valuation
date of December 31, 201 8 and stated as one of the following ranges: A = None; B = $1-$10,000; C = $10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; and E = over $100,000.
Name of
Trustee
|
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered
Investment Companies Overseen
b
y
Trustee
i
n Family of
Investment Companies*
|
Michael G. Mosley
|
A
|
A
|
Theo H. Pitt, Jr.
|
A
|
A
|
James H. Speed, Jr.
|
A
|
A
|
Name of
Trustee
|
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered
Investment Companies Overseen
b
y
Trustee
i
n Family of
Investment Companies*
|
J. Buckley Strandberg
|
A
|
A
|
Ownership of Securities
of Advisor, Distributor, or Related Entities.
As of December 31, 201 8, none of the Independent Trustees and/or their immediate family members own securities of the Advisor, Capital Investment Group, Inc. (the “ Distributor ”) ,
or any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Advisor or Distributor.
Compensation.
Officers of the Trust and Trustees who are interested persons of the Trust or the Advisor will receive no salary or fees from the Trust. Independent Trustees receive $2,000 per series of the Trust each year, and they may receive up to an
additional $500 per series of the Trust per special meeting in the event that special meetings are held. This amount may be paid pro rata in the event that a series closes during the fiscal year. The Trust reimburses each Trustee and officers of
the Trust for his or her travel and other expenses relating to attendance at such meetings. The following table presents the compensation for each Trustee for the fiscal year ended March 31, 201 9 .
Name of Trustee
|
Aggregate Compensation
f
rom the Fund
|
Pension or Retirement
Benefits Accrued
a
s
Part of Fund Expenses
|
Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon Retirement
|
Total Compensation
f
rom Fund and Fund
Complex Paid to Trustees*
|
Michael G. Mosley
|
$2,000
|
None
|
None
|
$ 30,000
|
Theo H. Pitt, Jr.
|
$2,000
|
None
|
None
|
$30,000
|
James H. Speed, Jr.
|
$2,000
|
None
|
None
|
$30,000
|
J. Buckley Strandberg
|
$2,000
|
None
|
None
|
$30,000
|
*Each of the Trustees serves as a Trustee to all series of the Trust.
Codes of Ethics.
The Trust , Advisor , and Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics, as required under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust , Advisor , and Distributor from engaging
in deceptive, manipulative, or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the
Fund (which securities may also be held by persons subject to each such code of
ethics). There can be no assurance that the codes will be effective in preventing such activities. The codes permit employees and officers of the Trust , Advisor , and Distributor to invest in securities held by the Fund, subject to
certain restrictions and pre-approval requirements. In addition, the Advisor’s code requires that portfolio managers and other investment personnel of the Advisor report their personal securities transactions and holdings, which are reviewed for
compliance with the Trust’s and Advisor’s code s of ethics.
Anti-Money Laundering
Program.
The Trust has adopted an anti-money laundering program, as required by applicable law, which is designed to prevent the Fund from being used for money laundering or the financing of terrorist activities. The Trust’s CCO
is responsible for implementing and monitoring the operations and internal controls of the program. Compliance officers at certain of the Fund’s service providers are also responsible for monitoring the program. The anti-money laundering program is
subject to the continuing oversight of the Trustees.
Proxy Voting Policies.
The Trust has adopted a proxy voting and disclosure policy that delegates to the Advisor the authority to vote proxies for the Fund, subject to oversight by the Trustees. A copy of the Advisor’s Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures is included as
Appendix B to this SAI. No later than August 31st of each year, the Fund will file Form N-PX stating how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30th. Information regarding how the
Fund voted proxies as set forth in its most recent filing of Form N-PX will be available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling the Fund at 1-800-773-3863; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at
http://www.sec.gov
.
Principal Holders of
Voting Securities.
As of June 30, 201 9 , the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group owned beneficially (i.e., had direct or indirect voting and/or investment power) none of the then outstanding shares
of the Fund. On that same date, the following shareholders owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Shareholders owning 25% or more of outstanding Shares may be in control and be able to affect the outcome
of certain matters presented for a vote of Shareholders. Except as provided below, no person is known by the Trust to be the record or beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund as of June 30, 201 9 .
Name and Address of
Owner
|
Amount of
Ownership
|
Nature of
Ownership
|
Percent
|
Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.
101 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, CA 94104
|
3,514,476.032 Shares
|
Record
1
|
76.84
%
|
|
1.
|
The Fund believes that such entity does not have a beneficial ownership interest in such shares.
|
Investment
Advisor.
Information about Deschutes Portfolio Strategy, LLC dba Matisse Capital, and its duties and compensation as Advisor is contained in the P rospectus. The Advisor is controlled by Bryn H. Torkelson, p resident and s ole
o wner. The Advisor supervises the Fund’s investments pursuant to the Advisory Agreement. The Advisory Agreement is effective for an initial two-year period and will be renewed thereafter only so long as such renewal and continuance is
specifically approved at least annually by the Trustees or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, provided the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or
interested persons of any such party. The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on 60 calendar days’ written notice by the Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities or upon 60 calendar days’
written notice by the Advisor. The Advisory Agreement provides that it will terminate automatically in the event of its “assignment,” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act.
The Advisor manages the Fund’s investments in accordance with the stated policies of the Fund, subject to the approval
of the Trustees. The Advisor is responsible for investment decisions, and provides the Fund with portfolio managers who are authorized by the Trustees to execute purchases and sales of securities.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss
suffered by the Fund in connection with the performance of such agreement, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services; or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, or
gross negligence on the part of the Advisor in the performance of its duties; or from its reckless disregard of its duties and obligations under the Advisory Agreement.
The Advisor receives a monthly management fee equal to an annual rate of 0.99% of the Fund’s net assets. In the interest
of limiting expenses of the Fund, the Advisor has entered into an Expense Limitation Agreement with the Trust, pursuant to which the Advisor has agreed to waive or limit its fees and to assume other expenses so that the total annual operating
expenses of the Fund (exclusive (i) any 12b-1 fee; (ii) any front-end or contingent deferred loads; (iii) brokerage fees and commissions, (iv) acquired fund fees and expenses; (v) fees and expenses associated with investments in other
collective investment vehicles or derivative instruments (including for example option and swap fees and expenses); (vi) borrowing costs (such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short); (vii) taxes; and (viii) extraordinary
expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees and contractual indemnification of Fund service providers (other than the Advisor)) is limited to 1.25%. The Expense Limitation Agreement
runs through July 31, 20 20 , and may be terminated by the Board at any time. The Advisor cannot recoup from the Fund any amounts paid by the Advisor under the Expense Limitation Agreement.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Fund incurred $664,994 in advisory fees, of which $104,446 were waived
by the Advisor. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Fund incurred $1,178,458 in advisory fees, of which $90,579 were waived by the Advisor. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, the Fund incurred $1,393,881 in advisory fees, of
which $73,708 were waived by the Advisor. Amounts listed above for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 were paid based on the previous advisory fee rate of 1.20%. Effective the June 8, 2017 , the advisory fee rate was
lowered to 0.99%.
Portfolio Managers.
The
Fund’s portfolios will be managed on a day-to-day basis by Bryn Torkelson and Eric Boughton, CFA.
Compensation.
The
compensation of each member of the portfolio management team varies with the general success of the Advisor as a firm. Compensation consists of a fixed annual salary, and typically additional remuneration based on the Advisor’s assets under
management. Compensation is not directly linked to the Fund’s performance, although positive performance and growth in managed assets are factors that may contribute to the Advisor’s distributable profits and assets under management.
Ownership of Fund Shares.
The table below shows the amount of the Fund’s equity securities beneficially owned by each member of the portfolio management team as of March 31, 201 9 and stated as one of the following ranges: A = None; B = $1-$10,000; C =
$10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; E = $100,001-$500,000; F = $500,001-$1,000,000; and G = over $1,000,000.
Name of
Portfolio Manager
|
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund
|
Bryn Torkelson
|
G
|
Eric Boughton
|
E
|
Other Accounts.
In addition to the Fund, the portfolio management team is responsible for the day-to-day management of
certain other accounts. The table below shows the number of, and total assets in, such other accounts as of March 31, 201 9 .
Portfolio
Management Team
|
Registered Investment
Companies
|
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles
|
Other Accounts
|
Number of Accounts
|
Total Assets
|
Number of Accounts
|
Total Assets
|
Number of Accounts
|
Total Assets
|
All Accounts
|
Bryn Torkelson
|
0
|
$0
|
1
|
$ 17.5 M
|
60
|
$220.6M
|
Eric Boughton
|
0
|
$0
|
0
|
$0
|
14
|
$14.3M
|
Accounts with Performance-Based Advisory Fee
|
Bryn Torkelson
|
0
|
$0
|
1
|
$17.5M
|
0
|
$0
|
Eric Boughton
|
0
|
$0
|
0
|
$0
|
0
|
$0
|
Conflicts of
Interests.
The management of “other accounts” by the portfolio management team may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of
the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts consist of separately managed private clients (“Other Accounts”). The Other Accounts might have similar investment objectives as the Fund, be compared to the same index as the Fund, or otherwise
hold, purchase, or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased, or sold by the Fund.
Knowledge of the
Timing and Size of Fund Trades:
A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager’s day-to-day management of the Fund. The portfolio manager knows the size and timing of trades for the Fund and the
Other Accounts, and may be able to predict the market impact of Fund trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of Other Accounts it manages and to the possible detriment of the
Fund, or vice versa.
Investment
Opportunities:
The Advisor provides investment supervisory services for a number of investment products that have varying investment guidelines. The portfolio manager works across different investment products. Differences in the
compensation structures of the Advisor’s investment products may give rise to a conflict of interest by creating an incentive for the Advisor to allocate the investment opportunities it believes might be the most profitable to the client accounts
where it might benefit the most from the investment gains.
Administrator.
The
Trust has entered into the Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement with The Nottingham Company (“Administrator”), located at 116 South Franklin Street, Rocky Mount, North Carolina 27804. The Administrator assists the Trust in the
performance of its administrative responsibilities to the Fund, coordinates and pays for the services of each vendor and the operating expense to the Fund, and provides the Fund with certain administrative, fund accounting, and compliance services.
As part of its services and fee arrangement, the Administrator receives compensation based on the Fund’s average daily net assets. The annual rate is 0.10% on the average daily net assets under $100 million, and gradually decreases to an annual
rate of 0.03% on the average daily net assets of $1 billion or more. The fee paid to the Administrator is calculated by multiplying the average daily net assets of the Fund by the highest applicable annual rate.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Fund incurred $67,279 in general administration fees. For the
fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Fund incurred $112,865 in general administration fees. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, the Fund incurred $114,815 in general administration fees.
Transfer Agent.
The Trust has entered into a Dividend Disbursing and Transfer Agent Agreement with Nottingham Shareholder Services, LLC (“Transfer Agent”), a North Carolina limited liability company, to serve as transfer, dividend paying, and shareholder servicing
agent for the Fund. The address of the Transfer Agent is 116 South Franklin Street, Post Office Box 4365, Rocky Mount, North Carolina 27803-0365. The Transfer Agent is compensated for its services based upon a $21 fee per shareholder per
year, subject to a minimum fee of $1,750 per month and $500 per month for each additional class of shares.
Distributor.
The
Fund will conduct a continuous offering of their securities. Capital Investment Group, Inc. (“Distributor”), located at 100 E Six Forks Road, Suite 200, Raleigh, North Carolina 27609, acts as the underwriter and distributor of the Fund’s
shares for the purpose of facilitating the registration of shares of the Fund under state securities laws and assisting in sales of Fund shares pursuant to a distribution agreement (“Distribution Agreement”) approved by the Trustees. In this
regard, the Distributor has agreed at its own expense to qualify as a broker-dealer under all applicable federal or state laws in those states that the Fund shall from time to time identify to the Distributor as states in which the Fund wishes to
offer its shares for sale, in order that state registrations may be maintained for the Fund. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member in good standing of the FINRA . The Distributor is entitled to receive an
annual fee of $5,000 per Fund for performing certain recordkeeping, communication, and other administrative services for the Fund. Such administrative services shall include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) maintaining records with
respect to submissions to the FINRA , dealer discounts and brokerage fees and commissions, and selling agreements; (ii) maintaining an account with the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Fund/SERV System for the purpose of processing
account registrations, maintaining accounts, and communicating transaction data; (iii) preparing reports for the Board of Trustees as shall be reasonably requested from time to time; and (iv) performing other services for the Trust as agreed to by
the Distributor and the Trust from time to time. The Distributor and Trust agree that the services described above are of an administrative nature and such services, as well as the fee provided in connection therewith, are not, nor are they
intended to be, payment for marketing and/or distribution services related to, or the promotion of, the sale of the Fund’s shares. The Distribution Agreement may be terminated by either party upon 60-days’ prior written notice to the other party
and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment. The Distributor serves as exclusive agent for the distribution of the shares of the Fund.
The Distributor for the Fund received the following commissions and other compensation during the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2019:
Net Underwriting
Discounts and
Commissions
|
Compensation
on Redemptions
and Repurchases
|
Brokerage
Commissions
|
Other
Compensation
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$5,000
|
Custodian.
UMB
Bank, n.a., with its principal place of business located at 1010 Gran Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri 64106 , serves as custodian for the Fund’s assets. The custodian acts as the depository for the Fund, safekeeps its portfolio
securities, collects all income and other payments with respect to portfolio securities, disburses monies at the Fund’s request, and maintains records in connection with its duties as custodian. For its services, the custodian is entitled to
receive a monthly fee from the Administrator based on the average net assets of the Fund plus additional out-of-pocket and transaction expenses as incurred by the Fund
Compliance
Services Administrator.
The Trust has entered into a compliance services arrangement with Cipperman Compliance Services, LLC, located at 500 East Swedesford Road, Suite 104, Wayne, Pennsylvania, 19087. The Trust’s CCO will prepare
and update the Trust’s compliance manual and monitor and test compliance with the policies and procedures under the Trust’s compliance manual.
Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm.
The Trustees have selected the firm of BBD, LLP, located at 1835 Market Street, 3
rd
Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19103, to serve as
the independent registered public
accounting firm for the Fund for the current fiscal year and to audit the annual financial statements of the Fund, and prepare the Fund’s federal, state, and excise tax returns. The independent registered public accounting firm will audit the
financial statements of the Fund at least once each year. Shareholders will receive annual audited and semi-annual (unaudited) reports when published and written confirmation of all transactions in their account. A copy of the most recent annual
report will accompany the SAI whenever a shareholder or a prospective investor requests it.
Legal Counsel.
Greenberg Traurig LLP serves as legal counsel to the Trust and the Fund.
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION
Reference is made to “Purchasing Shares” and “Redeeming Shares” in the P rospectus for more information
concerning how to purchase and redeem shares. The following information supplements the information regarding share purchases and share redemptions in the P rospectus:
Purchases.
Shares
of the Fund are offered and sold on a continuous basis and may be purchased through authorized investment dealers or directly by contacting the Distributor, or the Fund directly. Selling dealers have the responsibility of transmitting orders
promptly to the Fund. The purchase price of shares of the Fund is based on the NAV next determined after the order is received, subject to the order being received by the Fund in good form. NAV is normally determined at the time regular trading
closes on the New York Stock Exchange on days the New York Stock Exchange is open for regular trading, as described under “Net Asset Value” above. The NAV per share of the Fund is not calculated on business holidays when the New York Stock Exchange
is closed. An order received prior to the time regular trading closes on the New York Stock Exchange will be executed at the price calculated on the date of receipt and an order received after the time regular trading closes on the New York Stock
Exchange will be executed at the price calculated as of that time on the next business day.
The Fund reserves the right in its sole discretion to : (i) suspend the offering of its shares; (ii) reject
purchase orders when in the judgment of management such rejection is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders; and (iii) reduce or waive the minimum for initial and subsequent investments under circumstances where certain economies can
be achieved in sales of Fund shares.
The minimum initial investment in the Fund is $1,000, and the minimum for additional
investments is $
100 and is subject to change at any time.
Redemptions.
The
Fund may suspend redemption privileges or postpone the date of payment (i) during any period that the New York Stock Exchange is closed for other than customary weekend and holiday closings, or that trading on the New York Stock Exchange is
restricted as determined by the SEC; (ii) during any period when an emergency exists as defined by the rules of the SEC as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of securities owned by it, or to determine fairly
the value of its assets; and (iii) for such other periods as the SEC may permit. The Fund may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions. Any redemption may be more or
less than the shareholder’s cost depending on the market value of the securities held by the Fund. No charge is made by the Fund for redemptions other than the possible charge for wiring redemption proceeds.
Involuntary Redemptions.
In addition to the situations described in the P rospectus under “Redeeming Fund Shares,” the Fund may redeem shares involuntarily to reimburse the Fund for any loss sustained by reason of the failure of a shareholder to make full payment
for shares purchased by the shareholder or to collect any charge relating to a transaction effected for the benefit of a shareholder which is applicable to Fund shares as provided in the P rospectus from time to time or to close a
shareholder’s account if the Fund is unable to verify the shareholder’s identity.
Other Information.
If an investor realizes a gain on the redemption, the reinvestment will not affect the amount of any federal capital gains tax payable on the gain. If an investor realizes a loss on the redemption, the reinvestment may cause some or all of the
loss to be disallowed as a tax deduction, depending on the number of shares purchased by reinvestment and the period of time that has elapsed after the redemption, although for tax purposes, the amount disallowed is added to the cost of the shares
acquired upon the reinvestment.
SPECIAL SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
The Fund offers the following special shareholder services:
Regular Account.
The
regular account allows for voluntary investments to be made at any time. Available to individuals, custodians, corporations, trusts, estates, corporate retirement plans, and others, investors are free to make additions to or withdrawals from their
account. When an investor makes an initial investment in the Fund, a shareholder account is opened in accordance with the investor’s registration instructions. Each time there is a transaction in a shareholder account, such as an additional
investment or the reinvestment of a dividend or distribution, the shareholder will receive a confirm-ation statement showing the current transaction and all prior transactions in the shareholder account during the calendar year to date, along with
a summary of the status of the account as of the transaction date. As stated in the P rospectus, share certificates are normally not issued.
Automatic Investment
Plan.
The automatic investment plan enables shareholders to make regular monthly or quarterly investments in shares through automatic charges to their checking account. With shareholder authorization and bank approval, the Administrator
will automatically charge the checking account for the amount specified ($100 minimum) which will be automatically invested in shares at the public offering price on or about the 21st day of the month. The shareholder may change the amount of the
investment or discontinue the plan at any time by writing to the Fund.
Systematic Withdrawal
Plan.
Shareholders owning Fund shares with a value of $5,000 or more may establish a systematic withdrawal plan (“Systematic Withdrawal Plan”). A shareholder may receive monthly or quarterly payments, in amounts of not less than $100 per
payment, by authorizing the Fund to redeem the necessary number of shares periodically (each month, or quarterly) in order to make the payments requested. The Fund has the capability of electronically depositing the proceeds of the systematic
withdrawal directly to the shareholders personal bank account ($5,000 minimum per bank wire). Instructions for establishing this service are included in the Fund Shares Application or are available by calling the Fund. If the shareholder prefers
to receive his systematic withdrawal proceeds in cash, or if such proceeds are less than the $5,000 minimum for a bank wire, checks will be made payable to the designated recipient and mailed with-in seven days of the valuation date. If the
designated recipient is other than the registered shareholder, the signature of each shareholder must be guaranteed on the application (see “Redeeming Shares – Signature Guarantees” in the P rospectus). A corporation (or partnership) must
also submit a “Corporate Resolution” (or “Certification of Partnership”) indi-cat-ing the names, titles, and required number of signatures auth-orized to act on its behalf. The application must be signed by a duly authori-zed officer and the
corporate seal affixed. Costs in conjunction with the administration of the plan are borne by the Fund. Shareholders should be aware that such systematic withdrawals may deplete or use up entirely their initial investment and may result in
real-ized long-term or short-term capital gains or losses. The Systematic Withdrawal Plan may be terminated at any time by the Fund upon 60-days’ written notice or by a shareholder upon written notice to the Fund. Applications and further details
may be obtained by calling the Fund at 1-800-773-3863 or by writing to:
Matisse Discounted Closed-End Fund Strategy
c/o Nottingham Shareholder Services
116 South Franklin Street
Post Office Box 4365
Rocky Mount, NC 27803-0365
Purchases In Kind.
The Fund may accept securities in lieu of payment for the purchase of shares in the Fund. The acceptance of such securities is at the sole discretion of the Advisor based upon the suitability of the securities accepted for inclusion as a long-term
investment of the Fund, the marketability of such securities, and other factors that the Advisor may deem appropriate. If accepted, the securities will be valued using the same criteria and methods as described in “Purchase and Redemption Price –
Determining the Fund’s Net Asset Value” in the P rospectus.
Redemptions In-Kind.
The Fund does not intend, under normal circumstances, to redeem its securities by payment in kind. It is possible, however, that conditions may arise in the future which would, in the opinion of the Trustees, make it undesirable for the Fund to
pay for all redemptions in cash. In such case the Trustees may authorize payment to be made in readily marketable portfolio securities of the Fund. The securities will be chosen by the Fund, may be either pro rata payment of each of the
securities held by the Fund or a representative sample of securities, and will be valued at the same value assigned to them in computing the NAV per share. Shareholders receiving them would incur brokerage costs when these securities are
sold. An irrevocable election has been filed under Rule 18f‑1 of the 1940 Act, wherein the Fund committed to pay redemptions in cash, rather than in kind, to any shareholder of record of the Fund who redeems during any 90- day period, the
lesser of (a) $250,000 or (b) one percent (1%) of the Fund’s NAV at the beginning of such period.
Transfer of
Registration.
To transfer shares to another owner, send a written request to the Fund at the address shown above. Your request should include the following: (i) the Fund name and existing account registration; (ii) signatures of the
registered owners exactly as the signature appear on the account registration; (iii) the new account registration, address, social security or taxpayer identification number, and how dividends and capital gains are to be distributed; (iv) signature
guarantees (See the P rospectus under the heading “Signature Guarantees”); and (v) any additional documents which are required for transfer by corporations, administrators, executors, trustees, guardians, etc. If you have any questions
about transferring shares, call or write the Fund.
Employees and Affiliates
of the Fund.
The Fund has adopted initial investment minimums for the purpose of reducing the cost to the Fund (and consequently to the shareholders) of communicating with and servicing its shareholders. At the discretion of the Advisor,
the Fund may allow investments in the Fund with a reduced minimum initial investment from its Trustees, officers, and employees; the Advisor and certain parties related thereto; including clients of the Advisor or any sponsor, officer, committee
member thereof, or the immediate family of any of them. In addition, accounts having the same mailing address may be aggregated for purposes of the minimum investment if they consent in writing to sharing a single mailing of shareholder reports,
proxy statements (but each such shareholder would receive his/her own proxy), and other Fund literature.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Trustees have adopted a policy that governs the disclosure of portfolio holdings. This policy is intended to ensure
that such disclosure is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Fund and to address possible conflicts of interest. Under the Fund’s policy, the Fund generally will not disclose the Fund’s portfolio holdings to a third party unless such
information is made available to the public. The policy provides that the Fund may disclose non-public portfolio holdings information as required by law and under other limited circumstances that are set forth in more detail below.
The Fund will generally make portfolio holdings information available to the public at http://www.ncfunds.com/holdings/current-125.htm ,
including the complete portfolio holdings from the previous day as reported on a monthly basis. This information is generally available within ten days of the month end and will remain available until the next month’s portfolio holdings report
becomes available. You may obtain a copy of these monthly portfolio holdings reports by calling the Fund at 1-800-773-3863. The Fund will also file these quarterly portfolio holdings reports with the SEC on Form N-CSR or Form N-Q, as
applicable. The Fund’s Form N-CSR and Form N-Q are available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov and may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. The first and third quarter portfolio holdings reports
will be filed with the SEC on Form N-Q and the second and fourth fiscal quarter portfolio holdings reports will be included with the semi-annual and annual financial statements, respectively, which are sent to shareholders and filed with the SEC on
Form N-CSR.
Other than Fund’s Form N-CSR and Form N-Q, shareholders and other persons generally will not be provided with information regarding the Fund’s portfolio holdings. To the extent that the
Fund’s portfolio holdings have previously been disclosed publicly either through a filing made with the SEC on Form N-CSR or Form N-Q, such holdings may also be disclosed to any third party that requests them.
Consistent with policies approved by the Board of Trustees, the officers of the Fund will share non-public portfolio
holdings information with the Fund’s service providers that require such information for legitimate business and Fund oversight purposes. Recipients of non-public portfolio holdings information have a duty not to trade on that confidential
information. The Fund has not (and does not intend to) enter into any arrangement providing for the receipt of compensation or other consideration in exchange for the disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information, other than the benefits
that result to the Fund and its shareholders from providing such information, which include the publication of Fund ratings and rankings.
The Advisor, as well as the custodian, fund accountant and A dministrator, and CCO , have full daily
access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings. These service providers are subject to obligations requiring them to keep non-public portfolio holdings information confidential. In some, but not all, cases these confidentiality obligations are established
by written agreements. The Board of Trustees has concluded that the confidentiality obligations in place for these parties are adequate to safeguard the Fund from unauthorized disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information. In addition,
the Advisor has a code of ethics that prohibits covered persons from disclosing or trading based on non-public portfolio holdings information.
The Fund’s distributor, transfer agent, independent public accountants, and legal counsel have access to the Fund’s
portfolio holdings on an ad hoc, as needed basis. The distributor and transfer agent are subject to written agreements that establish confidentiality obligations with respect to the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The independent public accountants and
legal counsel are subject to professional obligations that require them to keep non-public portfolio holdings information confidential. The Board of Trustees has concluded that the confidentiality obligations in place for these parties are
adequate to safeguard the Fund from unauthorized disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information.
V.G. Reed & Sons, PrintGrafix (a division of Sunbelt Graphic Systems, Inc.), Riverside Printing, Inc., and
PrinterLink Communications Group, Inc. are financial printers the Fund may engage for, among other things, the printing and/or distribution of regulatory and compliance documents. These service providers are subject to written agreements that
establish confidentiality obligations with respect to the Fund’s portfolio holdings.
The Fund and its service providers may also provide non-public portfolio holdings information to appropriate regulatory
agencies as required by applicable laws and regulations.
The Fund currently does not provide non-public portfolio holdings information to any other third parties. In the
future, the Advisor may establish ongoing arrangements with other third parties if the Advisor determines that the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for doing so, determines that the disclosure is in the shareholders' best interest, and the
recipient is subject to a duty of confidentiality. These parties could include, by way of example, financial data processing companies that provide automated data scanning and monitoring services for the Fund, research companies that allow the
Advisor to perform attribution analysis for the Fund; and the Advisor’s proxy voting agent to assess and vote proxies on behalf of the Fund. The Advisor is responsible for determining which other third parties have a legitimate business purpose
for receiving the Fund’s portfolio holdings information.
The Fund’s policy regarding disclosure of portfolio holdings is subject to the continuing oversight and direction of the
Trustees. Oversight includes: (i) review and approval of the policy on disclosure of portfolio holdings as necessary, including review of the parties receiving non-public portfolio holdings information; (ii) periodic assessment of compliance in
connection with a report from the Trust’s CCO , (iii) receipt of reports on any conflicts of interest where disclosure of information about portfolio holdings may conflict or appear to conflict with the interests of the Fund’s investment
advisor, any principal underwriter for the Trust or an affiliated person of the Trust, and (iv) receipt of reports on any known disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings to unauthorized third parties. The Fund and Advisor are obligated to report
issues that arise under the policy on disclosure of portfolio holdings to the CCO . Material compliance matters must be reported to the Board of Trustees.
NET ASSET VALUE
The NAV and NAV per share of the Fund normally is determined at the time regular trading closes on the New York Stock
Exchange (currently 4:00 p.m., New York time, Monday through Friday), except when the New York Stock Exchange closes earlier. The Fund’s NAV is not calculated on business holidays when the New York Stock Exchange is closed. The New York Stock
Exchange generally recognizes the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President’s Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. Any other holiday recognized by the
New York Stock Exchange will be deemed a business holiday on which the NAV of the Fund will not be calculated.
The NAV per share of each class of shares of the Fund is calculated separately by adding the value of the Fund’s
securities and other assets belonging to the Fund and attributable to a class of shares, subtracting the liabilities charged to the Fund and to the class of shares, and dividing the result by the number of outstanding shares of such class of
shares. “Assets belonging to” the Fund consist of the consideration received upon the issuance of shares of the Fund together with all net investment income, realized gains/losses and proceeds derived from the investment thereof, including any
proceeds from the sale of such investments, any funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds, and a portion of any general assets of the Trust not belonging to a particular series of shares. Income, realized and unrealized
capital gains and losses, and any expenses of the Fund not allocated to a particular class of shares will be allocated to each class on the basis of the NAV of that class in relation to the NAV of the Fund. Assets belonging to the Fund are charged
with the direct liabilities of the Fund and with a share of the general liabilities of the Trust, which are normally allocated in proportion to the number of or the relative NAVs of all of the Trust’s series at the time of allocation or in
accordance with other allocation methods approved by the Trustees. Certain expenses attributable to a particular class of shares (such as the distribution and service fees) will be charged against that class. Certain other expenses attributable
to a particular class of shares (such as registration fees, professional fees, and certain printing and postage expenses) may be charged against that class if such expenses are actually incurred in a different amount by that class or if the class
receives services of a different kind or to a different degree than other classes, and the Trustees approve such allocation. Subject to the provisions of the Trust Instrument, determinations by the Trustees as to the direct and allocable
liabilities, and the allocable portion of any general assets, with respect to the Fund and the classes of the Fund are conclusive.
The pricing and valuation of portfolio securities is determined in good faith in accordance with procedures established
by, and under the direction of, the Trustees. Values are determined according to accepted accounting practices and all laws and regulations that apply. Using methods approved by the Trustees, the assets of the Fund are valued as follows:
·
|
Securities that are listed on a securities exchange are valued at the last quoted sales price at the time the valuation is made.
Price information on listed securities is taken from the exchange where the security is primarily traded by the Fund.
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Securities that are listed on an exchange and which are not traded on the valuation date are valued at the bid price.
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Unlisted securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the latest quoted sales price, if available, at
the time of valuation, otherwise, at the latest quoted bid price.
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Foreign securities listed on foreign exchanges are valued with quotations from the primary market in which they are traded and are
translated from the local currency into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates.
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Temporary cash investments with maturities of 60 days or less will be valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value.
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Securities for which no current quotations are readily available are valued at fair value as determined in
good faith using methods approved by the Trustees. Securities may be valued on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service when such prices are believed to reflect the fair market value of such securities.
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ADDITIONAL TAX INFORMATION
The following summarizes certain additional tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders that
are not described in the P rospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders or any particular category of shareholders. The discussions here and in the P rospectus
are not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning and are based on United States federal income tax laws that are in effect on the date hereof and which may be changed by legislative, judicial, or administrative action.
In
addition, no attempt is made to address tax concerns applicable to an investor with a special tax status such as a financial institution, REIT, insurance company, regulated investment company, individual retirement account, other tax-exempt entity,
dealer in securities or non-U.S. investor. Furthermore, this discussion does not reflect possible application of the alternative minimum tax. Unless otherwise noted, this discussion assumes the common shares are held by U.S. persons and that such
shares are held as capital assets. Investors are advised to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situations.
The Fund, and any other series of the Trust, will be treated as a separate corporate entity under the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”), and intends to qualify or remain qualified as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to so qualify, the Fund must elect to be a regulated investment company or have made such an
election for a previous year and must satisfy certain requirements relating to the amount of distributions and source of its income for a taxable year. At least 90% of the gross income of the Fund must be derived from dividends, interest, payments
with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stocks, securities, or foreign currencies, and other income derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net
income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Any income derived by the Fund from a partnership (other than a qualified publicly traded partnership) or trust is treated as derived with respect to the Fund’s business
of investing in stock, securities, or currencies only to the extent that such income is attributable to items of income that would have been qualifying income if realized by the Fund in the same manner as by the partnership or trust.
An investment company may not qualify as a regulated investment company for any taxable year unless it satisfies certain
requirements with respect to the diversification of its investments at the close of each quarter of the taxable year. In general, at least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash, cash items, government securities,
securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities which, with respect to any one issuer, do not represent more than 5% of the total assets of the Fund or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. In
addition, not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in (i) the securities (other than government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer; (ii) the securities of two or
more issuers (other than securities of another regulated investment company) if the issuers are controlled by the Fund and they are, pursuant to Internal Revenue Service Regulations, engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses;
or (iii) the securities of one or more publicly traded partnerships. The Fund intends to satisfy all requirements on an ongoing basis for continued qualification as a regulated investment company.
Some, but not all, of the dividends paid by the Fund may be taxable at the reduced long-term capital gains tax rate for
individual shareholders. If the Fund designates a dividend as qualified dividend income, it generally will be taxable to individual shareholders at the long-term capital gains tax rate, provided certain holding period requirements are met.
Taxable dividends paid by the Fund to corporate shareholders will be taxed at corporate income tax rates. Corporate
shareholders may be entitled to a dividends received deduction (“DRD”) for a portion of the dividends paid and designated by the Fund as qualifying for the DRD.
If the Fund designates a dividend as a capital gains distribution, it generally will be taxable to shareholders as
long-term capital gains, regardless of how long the shareholders have held their Fund shares or whether they received in cash or reinvested in additional shares. All taxable dividends paid by the Fund other than those designated as qualified
dividend income or capital gains distributions will be taxable as ordinary income to shareholders, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares. To the extent the Fund engages in increased portfolio turnover, short-term capital
gains may be realized, and any distribution resulting from such gains will be considered ordinary income for federal tax purposes. The Fund’s net realized capital gains from securities transactions will be distributed only after reducing such
gains by the amount of any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely and retain the character of the original loss. Capital loss carryforwards are available to offset future realized capital gains.
To the extent that these carryforwards are used to offset future capital gains it is probable that the amount offset will not be distributed to shareholders. As of March 31, 2019, the Fund had no capital loss carryforwards.
Certain individuals, estates, and trusts must pay a 3.8% Medicare surtax on “net investment income” including, among
other things, dividends, and proceeds of sale in respect of securities like the shares, subject to certain exceptions. Prospective investors should consult with their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this surtax on their
ownership and disposition of the shares.
Shareholders who hold Fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as a retirement plan, generally will not have to pay
tax on Fund distributions until they receive distributions from their account.
The Fund, and any other series of the Trust, will designate (i) any dividend of qualified dividend income as qualified
dividend income; (ii) any distribution of long-term capital gains as a capital gain dividend; and (iii) any dividend eligible for the corporate DRD as such in a written notice mailed to shareholders within 60 days after the close of the Fund’s
taxable year. Shareholders should note that, upon the sale or exchange of Fund shares, if such shares have not been held for at least six months, any loss on the sale or exchange of those shares will be treated as long-term capital loss to the
extent of the capital gain dividends received with respect to the shares.
To the extent that a distribution from the Fund is taxable, it is generally included in a shareholder’s gross income for
the taxable year in which the shareholder receives the distribution. However, if the Fund declares a dividend in October, November, or December but pays it in January, it will be taxable to shareholders as if the dividend was received in the year
it was declared. Every year, each shareholder will receive a statement detailing the tax status of any Fund distributions for that year.
A 4% nondeductible excise tax is imposed on regulated investment companies that fail to currently distribute an amount
equal to specified percentages of their ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital losses). The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions of its ordinary taxable income and
any capital gain net income prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for this excise tax.
If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify for the special federal income tax treatment afforded regulated
investment companies, all of its taxable income will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates (without any deduction for distributions to its shareholders) at the Fund level. In such event, dividend distributions (whether or not
derived from interest on tax-exempt securities) would be taxable as qualified dividends to individual shareholders
,
to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, and would be
eligible for the
DRD
for corporations
, provided in each case that certain holding period and other requirements are met
.
In general, a shareholder who sells or redeems shares will realize a capital gain or loss, which will be long-term or
short-term, depending upon the shareholder’s holding period for the Fund shares. An exchange of shares may be treated as a sale and any gain may be subject to tax.
The Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of taxable dividends
or of gross proceeds realized upon sale paid to shareholders who (i) have failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number in the manner required; (ii) are subject to back-up withholding by the Internal Revenue Service for failure to
include properly on their return payments of taxable interest or dividends; or (iii) have failed to certify to the Fund that they are not subject to backup withholding when required to do so. Back-up withholding is not an additional tax. Any
amounts withheld from payments to you may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
Depending upon the extent of the Fund’s activities in states and localities in which its offices are maintained, in
which its agents or independent contractors are located, or in which it is otherwise deemed to be conducting business, the Fund may be subject to the tax laws of such states or localities. In addition, in those states and localities that have
income tax laws, the treatment of the Fund and its shareholders under such laws may differ from their treatment under federal income tax laws.
Dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. withholding tax unless reduced by treaty (and
the shareholder files a valid Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN, or other applicable form, with the Fund certifying foreign status and treaty eligibility) or the non-U.S. shareholder files an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI, or other
applicable form, with the Fund certifying that the investment to which the distribution relates is effectively connected to a United States trade or business of such non-U.S. shareholder (and, if certain tax treaties apply, is attributable to a
United States permanent establishment maintained by such non-U.S. shareholder). The Fund may elect not to withhold the applicable withholding tax on any distribution representing a capital gain dividend to a non-U.S. shareholder. Special rules may
apply to non-U.S. shareholders with respect to the information reporting requirements and withholding taxes and non-U.S. shareholders should consult their tax advisors with respect to the application of such reporting requirements and withholding
taxes.
The Fund will send shareholders information each year on the tax status of dividends and distributions. A dividend or
capital gains distribu-tion paid shortly after shares have been purchased, although in effect a return of investment, is subject to federal income taxa-tion. Dividends from net investment income, along with capital gains, will be taxable to
shareholders, whether received in cash or Fund shares and no matter how long the shareholder has held Fund shares, even if they reduce the NAV of shares below the shareholder’s cost and thus, in effect, result in a return of a part of the
shareholder’s investment.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements of the Fund for the fiscal year ended March 31, 201 9, including the financial
highlights appearing in the Annual Report to shareholders, are incorporated by reference and made a part of this document. You may request a copy of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports at no charge by calling the Fund at 1-800-773-3863.
APPENDIX A –DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
The Fund may acquire from time to time certain securities that meet the following minimum rating criteria
(“Investment-Grade Debt Securities”) (or if not rated, of equivalent quality as determined by the Advisor). The various ratings used by the nationally recognized securities rating services are described below.
A rating by a rating service represents the service’s opinion as to the credit quality of the security being rated.
However, the ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality or guarantees as to the creditworthiness of an issuer. Consequently, the Advisor believes that the quality of Investment-Grade Debt Securities in which the Fund may invest
should be continuously reviewed and that individual analysts give different weightings to the various factors involved in credit analysis. A rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a security, because it does not take into
account market value or suitability for a particular investor. When a security has received a rating from more than one service, each rating is evaluated independently. Ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained
by the rating services from other sources that they consider reliable. Ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information, or for other reasons.
Standard & Poor’s
Ratings Services.
The following summarizes the highest four ratings used by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”), a division of McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., for bonds which are deemed to be Investment-Grade Debt Securities
by the Advisor:
AAA – This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation and indicates an extremely
strong capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
AA – Debt rated AA differs from AAA issues only in a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet
its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A – Debt rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and
economic conditions than debt in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB – Debt rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions
or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
To provide more detailed indications of credit quality, the AA, A, and BBB ratings may be modified by the addition of a
plus or minus sign to show relative standing within these major rating categories.
Bonds rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are not considered by the Advisor to be Investment-Grade Debt Securities and are
regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While such bonds may have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by
large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
Commercial paper rated A‑1 by S&P indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those
issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted A‑1+. Capacity for timely payment on commercial paper rated A‑2 is satisfactory, but the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A‑1.
The rating SP‑1 is the highest rating assigned by S&P to short term notes and indicates strong capacity to pay
principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation. The rating SP‑2 indicates a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse
financial and economic changes over the term of the notes. The rating SP-3 indicates a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moody’s Investor
Service, Inc.
The following summarizes the highest four ratings used by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) for fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more, which are deemed to be Investment-Grade
Securities by the Advisor:
Aaa – Bond obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa – Bond obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit
risk.
A – Bond obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa – Bond obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered
medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Obligations that are rated Ba, B, Caa, Ca, or C by Moody’s are not considered “Investment-Grade Debt Securities” by the
Advisor. Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk. Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk. Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor
standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The
modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Short-Term Ratings.
Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings
may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs, or individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1 – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term
debt obligations.
P-2 – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term
debt obligations.
P-3 – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay
short-term debt obligations.
NP – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating
categories.
Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most
long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor, or support-provider.
US Municipal Short-Term Debt And Demand
Obligation Ratings.
Short-Term Debt
Ratings.
There are three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) and are divided into three levels – MIG 1 through MIG
3. In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated SG, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation.
MIG 1 – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by
established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although
not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may
be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category
may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Demand Obligation
Ratings.
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk
associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG
rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating.
When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG
1.
VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.
VMIG 1 – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the
superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 2 – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong
short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3 – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the
satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this
category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Fitch Ratings.
The following summarizes the highest four ratings used by Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”):
Long-Term Ratings.
AAA – Highest credit quality. The rating AAA denotes that the lowest expectation of credit risk.
They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA – Very high credit quality. The rating AA denotes a very low expectation of credit risk. They
indicate very strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A – High credit quality. The rating A denotes a low expectation of credit risk. The capacity for
timely payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher rating.
BBB – Good credit quality. The rating BBB indicates that there is currently a low expectation of
credit risk. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse changes in circumstances and in economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.
Long-term securities rated below BBB by Fitch are not considered by the Advisor to be investment-grade securities.
Securities rated BB and B are regarded as speculative with regard to a possible credit risk developing. BB is considered speculative and B is considered highly speculative. Securities rated CCC, CC, and C are regarded as a high default risk. A
rating CC indicates that default of some kind appears probable, while a rating C signals imminent default. Securities rated DDD, D, and D indicate a default has occurred.
Short-Term Ratings.
F1 – Highest credit quality. The rating F1 indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of
financial commitments; may have an added (+) to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2 – Good credit quality. The rating F2 indicates a satisfactory capacity for timely payment of
financial commitment, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
F3 – Fair credit quality. The rating F3 indicates the capacity for timely payment of financial
commitments is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.
B – Speculative. The rating B indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial
commitments, plus vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
Short-term rates B, C, and D by Fitch are considered by the Advisor to be below investment-grade securities. Short-term
securities rated B are considered speculative, securities rated C have a high default risk, and securities rated D denote actual or imminent payment default.
(+) or (-) suffixes may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes
are not added to long-term ratings “AAA” category, categories below “CCC”, or short-term ratings other than “F1”. The suffix “NR” indicates that Fitch does not publicly rate the issuer or issue in question.