Item 1. Financial Statements
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
ASSETS | (unaudited) | | |
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value (amortized cost $8,969,612 and $7,005,013, respectively; allowance for credit losses $9,663 and $14,238, respectively) | $ | 8,789,437 | | | $ | 7,161,703 | |
| | | |
Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value | 3,226,191 | | | 2,191,578 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | 511,889 | | | 1,153,856 | |
Restricted cash | 627,725 | | | 934,814 | |
Accrued interest receivable | 30,254 | | | 26,266 | |
Due from counterparties | 186,156 | | | 168,449 | |
Derivative assets, at fair value | 29,330 | | | 80,134 | |
Reverse repurchase agreements | 158,971 | | | 134,682 | |
Other assets | 177,497 | | | 262,823 | |
Total Assets (1) | $ | 13,737,450 | | | $ | 12,114,305 | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | |
Liabilities: | | | |
Repurchase agreements | $ | 7,958,247 | | | $ | 7,656,445 | |
| | | |
Revolving credit facilities | 825,761 | | | 420,761 | |
Term notes payable | 397,383 | | | 396,776 | |
Convertible senior notes | 281,711 | | | 424,827 | |
Derivative liabilities, at fair value | 110,764 | | | 53,658 | |
Due to counterparties | 1,460,561 | | | 196,627 | |
Dividends payable | 72,591 | | | 72,412 | |
Accrued interest payable | 21,826 | | | 18,382 | |
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 15) | — | | | — | |
Other liabilities | 124,982 | | | 130,464 | |
Total Liabilities (1) | 11,253,826 | | | 9,370,352 | |
Stockholders’ Equity: | | | |
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized and 29,050,000 shares issued and outstanding ($726,250 liquidation preference) | 702,550 | | | 702,550 | |
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 700,000,000 shares authorized and 344,433,109 and 343,911,324 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 3,444 | | | 3,439 | |
Additional paid-in capital | 5,633,201 | | | 5,625,179 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (149,710) | | | 186,346 | |
Cumulative earnings | 1,425,833 | | | 1,212,983 | |
Cumulative distributions to stockholders | (5,131,694) | | | (4,986,544) | |
Total Stockholders’ Equity | 2,483,624 | | | 2,743,953 | |
| | | |
| | | |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 13,737,450 | | | $ | 12,114,305 | |
____________________
(1)The condensed consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities, or VIEs. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, assets of the VIEs totaled $449,853 and $454,596, and liabilities of the VIEs totaled $444,934 and $440,030, respectively. See Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities for additional information.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30, | | June 30, |
| | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
Interest income: | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | | $ | 55,399 | | | $ | 43,092 | | | $ | 100,046 | | | $ | 98,744 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
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Other | | 1,604 | | | 351 | | | 1,803 | | | 808 | | | |
Total interest income | | 57,003 | | | 43,443 | | | 101,849 | | | 99,552 | | | |
Interest expense: | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase agreements | | 19,269 | | | 6,981 | | | 27,612 | | | 15,451 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Revolving credit facilities | | 9,106 | | | 7,075 | | | 14,782 | | | 11,770 | | | |
Term notes payable | | 3,925 | | | 3,225 | | | 7,181 | | | 6,436 | | | |
Convertible senior notes | | 4,801 | | | 7,126 | | | 9,843 | | | 13,476 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | 37,101 | | | 24,407 | | | 59,418 | | | 47,133 | | | |
Net interest income | | 19,902 | | | 19,036 | | | 42,431 | | | 52,419 | | | |
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Other (loss) income: | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) gain on investment securities | | (197,719) | | | (41,519) | | | (250,061) | | | 91,349 | | | |
Servicing income | | 157,526 | | | 112,816 | | | 294,152 | | | 219,935 | | | |
Gain (loss) on servicing asset | | 85,557 | | | (268,051) | | | 496,181 | | | 59,387 | | | |
Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements | | 32,734 | | | 24,648 | | | (5,307) | | | 9,049 | | | |
(Loss) gain on other derivative instruments | | (101,273) | | | 51,312 | | | (203,035) | | | (224,699) | | | |
Other (loss) income | | (73) | | | 41 | | | (117) | | | (5,701) | | | |
Total other (loss) income | | (23,248) | | | (120,753) | | | 331,813 | | | 149,320 | | | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Servicing expenses | | 22,991 | | | 18,680 | | | 47,695 | | | 43,627 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation and benefits | | 11,019 | | | 11,259 | | | 23,212 | | | 19,447 | | | |
Other operating expenses | | 9,152 | | | 7,218 | | | 15,777 | | | 14,705 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | 43,162 | | | 37,157 | | | 86,684 | | | 77,779 | | | |
(Loss) income before income taxes | | (46,508) | | | (138,874) | | | 287,560 | | | 123,960 | | | |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | 25,912 | | | (20,914) | | | 74,710 | | | 1,763 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income | | (72,420) | | | (117,960) | | | 212,850 | | | 122,197 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends on preferred stock | | 13,748 | | | 13,747 | | | 27,495 | | | 30,963 | | | |
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (86,168) | | | $ | (131,707) | | | $ | 185,355 | | | $ | 91,234 | | | |
Basic (loss) earnings per weighted average common share | | $ | (0.25) | | | $ | (0.48) | | | $ | 0.54 | | | $ | 0.33 | | | |
Diluted (loss) earnings per weighted average common share | | $ | (0.25) | | | $ | (0.48) | | | $ | 0.51 | | | $ | 0.32 | | | |
Dividends declared per common share | | $ | 0.17 | | | $ | 0.17 | | | $ | 0.34 | | | $ | 0.34 | | | |
Weighted average number of shares of common stock: | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | 344,277,723 | | | 273,718,561 | | | 344,138,889 | | | 273,714,684 | | | |
Diluted | | 344,277,723 | | | 273,718,561 | | | 384,341,891 | | | 305,999,203 | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (unaudited), continued
(in thousands, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30, | | June 30, |
| | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
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Comprehensive loss: | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income | | $ | (72,420) | | | $ | (117,960) | | | $ | 212,850 | | | $ | 122,197 | | | |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities | | (4,211) | | | (62,899) | | | (336,056) | | | (334,352) | | | |
Other comprehensive loss | | (4,211) | | | (62,899) | | | (336,056) | | | (334,352) | | | |
Comprehensive loss | | (76,631) | | | (180,859) | | | (123,206) | | | (212,155) | | | |
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Dividends on preferred stock | | 13,748 | | | 13,747 | | | 27,495 | | | 30,963 | | | |
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (90,379) | | | $ | (194,606) | | | $ | (150,701) | | | $ | (243,118) | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Preferred Stock | | Common Stock Par Value | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | Cumulative Earnings | | Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders | | Total Stockholders’ Equity |
Balance, December 31, 2020 | $ | 977,501 | | | $ | 2,737 | | | $ | 5,163,794 | | | $ | 641,601 | | | $ | 1,025,756 | | | $ | (4,722,463) | | | $ | 3,088,926 | |
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Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 240,157 | | | — | | | 240,157 | |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (202,888) | | | — | | | — | | | (202,888) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (68,565) | | | — | | | — | | | (68,565) | |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (271,453) | | | — | | | — | | | (271,453) | |
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Redemption of preferred stock | (274,951) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (274,951) | |
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs | — | | | — | | | 99 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 99 | |
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Preferred dividends declared | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (17,216) | | | (17,216) | |
Common dividends declared | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (46,636) | | | (46,636) | |
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Non-cash equity award compensation | — | | | — | | | 1,790 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,790 | |
Balance, March 31, 2021 | 702,550 | | | 2,737 | | | 5,165,683 | | | 370,148 | | | 1,265,913 | | | (4,786,315) | | | 2,720,716 | |
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Net loss | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (117,960) | | | — | | | (117,960) | |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (57,799) | | | — | | | — | | | (57,799) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5,100) | | | — | | | — | | | (5,100) | |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (62,899) | | | — | | | — | | | (62,899) | |
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Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs | — | | | — | | | 93 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 93 | |
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Preferred dividends declared | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (13,747) | | | (13,747) | |
Common dividends declared | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (46,759) | | | (46,759) | |
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Non-cash equity award compensation | — | | | — | | | 4,611 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,611 | |
Balance, June 30, 2021 | $ | 702,550 | | | $ | 2,737 | | | $ | 5,170,387 | | | $ | 307,249 | | | $ | 1,147,953 | | | $ | (4,846,821) | | | $ | 2,484,055 | |
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Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | 702,550 | | | $ | 3,439 | | | $ | 5,625,179 | | | $ | 186,346 | | | $ | 1,212,983 | | | $ | (4,986,544) | | | $ | 2,743,953 | |
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Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 285,270 | | | — | | | 285,270 | |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (323,490) | | | — | | | — | | | (323,490) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (8,355) | | | — | | | — | | | (8,355) | |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (331,845) | | | — | | | — | | | (331,845) | |
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Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs | — | | | — | | | 323 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 323 | |
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Preferred dividends declared | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (13,747) | | | (13,747) | |
Common dividends declared | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (58,811) | | | (58,811) | |
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Non-cash equity award compensation | — | | | 2 | | | 4,159 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,161 | |
Balance, March 31, 2022 | 702,550 | | | 3,441 | | | 5,629,661 | | | (145,499) | | | 1,498,253 | | | (5,059,102) | | | 2,629,304 | |
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Net loss | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (72,420) | | | — | | | (72,420) | |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (141,843) | | | — | | | — | | | (141,843) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | 137,632 | | | — | | | — | | | 137,632 | |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | (4,211) | | | — | | | — | | | (4,211) | |
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Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs | — | | | — | | | 82 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 82 | |
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Preferred dividends declared | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (13,748) | | | (13,748) | |
Common dividends declared | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (58,844) | | | (58,844) | |
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Non-cash equity award compensation | — | | | 3 | | | 3,458 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3,461 | |
Balance, June 30, 2022 | $ | 702,550 | | | $ | 3,444 | | | $ | 5,633,201 | | | $ | (149,710) | | | $ | 1,425,833 | | | $ | (5,131,694) | | | $ | 2,483,624 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30, |
| | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 212,850 | | | $ | 122,197 | | | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | |
Amortization of premiums and discounts on investment securities, net | | 55,287 | | | 134,581 | | | |
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs on term notes payable and convertible senior notes | | 1,265 | | | 1,321 | | | |
Provision for credit losses on investment securities | | 1,651 | | | 6,257 | | | |
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investment securities | | 248,410 | | | (97,606) | | | |
Gain on servicing asset | | (496,181) | | | (59,387) | | | |
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Realized and unrealized loss (gain) on interest rate swaps and swaptions | | 300 | | | (5,001) | | | |
Unrealized (gains) losses on other derivative instruments | | (92,309) | | | 27,063 | | | |
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Equity based compensation | | 7,622 | | | 6,401 | | | |
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Net change in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | |
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable | | (3,988) | | | 15,603 | | | |
Decrease in deferred income taxes, net | | 74,710 | | | 3,534 | | | |
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable | | 3,444 | | | (3,710) | | | |
Change in other operating assets and liabilities, net | | 5,134 | | | (832) | | | |
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Net cash provided by operating activities | | 18,195 | | | 150,421 | | | |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: | | | | | | |
Purchases of available-for-sale securities | | (7,295,928) | | | (152,743) | | | |
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities | | 4,339,148 | | | 4,600,545 | | | |
Principal payments on available-for-sale securities | | 687,642 | | | 1,985,490 | | | |
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Purchases of mortgage servicing rights, net of purchase price adjustments | | (538,432) | | | (364,566) | | | |
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Short sales (purchases) of derivative instruments, net | | 39,895 | | | (1,232) | | | |
Proceeds from sales and settlement (payments for termination and settlement) of derivative instruments, net | | 160,024 | | | 17,881 | | | |
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Payments for reverse repurchase agreements | | (1,135,374) | | | (480,344) | | | |
Proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements | | 1,111,085 | | | 501,869 | | | |
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Increase in due to counterparties, net | | 1,246,227 | | | 44,890 | | | |
Change in other investing assets and liabilities, net | | — | | | 10,000 | | | |
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Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | $ | (1,385,713) | | | $ | 6,161,790 | | | |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited), continued
(in thousands)
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| | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30, |
| | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
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Cash Flows From Financing Activities: | | | | | | |
Proceeds from repurchase agreements | | $ | 17,611,046 | | | $ | 19,730,790 | | | |
Principal payments on repurchase agreements | | (17,309,244) | | | (26,524,066) | | | |
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Proceeds from revolving credit facilities | | 410,000 | | | 261,500 | | | |
Principal payments on revolving credit facilities | | (5,000) | | | (11,811) | | | |
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Proceeds from convertible senior notes | | — | | | 279,930 | | | |
Repayment of convertible senior notes | | (143,774) | | | (143,118) | | | |
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Redemption of preferred stock | | — | | | (274,951) | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs | | 405 | | | 192 | | | |
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Dividends paid on preferred stock | | (27,495) | | | (36,165) | | | |
Dividends paid on common stock | | (117,476) | | | (93,166) | | | |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | 418,462 | | | (6,810,865) | | | |
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | | (949,056) | | | (498,654) | | | |
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | | 2,088,670 | | | 2,646,431 | | | |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | | $ | 1,139,614 | | | $ | 2,147,777 | | | |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | | | | |
Cash paid for interest | | $ | 43,363 | | | $ | 46,068 | | | |
Cash (received) paid for taxes, net | | $ | (11) | | | $ | 47 | | | |
Noncash Activities: | | | | | | |
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Dividends declared but not paid at end of period | | $ | 72,591 | | | $ | 60,507 | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Note 1. Organization and Operations
Two Harbors Investment Corp. is a Maryland corporation that, through its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the Company), invests in and manages Agency residential mortgage-backed securities, or Agency RMBS, mortgage servicing rights, or MSR, and other financial assets. Agency refers to a U.S. government sponsored enterprise, or GSE, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (or Fannie Mae) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (or Freddie Mac), or a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association (or Ginnie Mae). The investment portfolio is managed as a whole and resources are allocated and financial performance is assessed on a consolidated basis. The Company’s common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TWO”.
The Company has elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, as defined under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As long as the Company continues to comply with a number of requirements under federal tax law and maintains its qualification as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes to the extent that the Company distributes its taxable income to its stockholders on an annual basis and does not engage in prohibited transactions. However, certain activities that the Company may perform may cause it to earn income which will not be qualifying income for REIT purposes. The Company has designated certain of its subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs, as defined in the Code, to engage in such activities.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, have been condensed or omitted according to such SEC rules and regulations. However, management believes that the disclosures included in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.
The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of all subsidiaries; inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. All trust entities in which the Company holds investments that are considered variable interest entities, or VIEs, for financial reporting purposes were reviewed for consolidation under the applicable consolidation guidance. Whenever the Company has both the power to direct the activities of a trust that most significantly impact the entities’ performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the entities that could be significant, the Company consolidates the trust. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial condition of the Company at June 30, 2022 and results of operations for all periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 should not be construed as indicative of the results to be expected for future periods or the full year.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make a number of significant estimates. These include estimates of fair value of certain assets and liabilities, amount and timing of credit losses, prepayment rates, and other estimates that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of certain revenues and expenses during the reported period. It is likely that changes in these estimates (e.g., valuation changes due to supply and demand in the market, credit performance, prepayments, interest rates, or other reasons) will occur in the near term. The Company’s estimates are inherently subjective in nature and actual results could differ from its estimates and the differences may be material.
Significant Accounting Policies
Included in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K is a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Recently Issued and/or Adopted Accounting Standards
Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting
The London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, has been used extensively in the U.S. and globally as a “benchmark” or “reference rate” for various commercial and financial contracts, including corporate and municipal bonds and loans, floating rate mortgages, asset-backed securities, consumer loans, and interest rate swaps and other derivatives. On March 5, 2021, Intercontinental Exchange Inc. announced that ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the administrator of LIBOR, intends to stop publication of the majority of USD-LIBOR tenors on June 30, 2023. In the U.S., the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, or ARRC, has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, as its preferred alternative rate for U.S. dollar-based LIBOR. SOFR is a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is based on directly observable U.S. Treasury-backed repurchase transactions. Numerous industry wide and company-specific transitions as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to LIBOR are in process, if not completed.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions on accounting for contract modifications and hedging relationships in anticipation of the replacement of LIBOR with another reference rate. The guidance also provides a one-time election to sell held-to-maturity debt securities or to transfer such securities to the available-for-sale or trading category. The Company has material contracts that are indexed to USD-LIBOR and is monitoring this activity, evaluating the related risks and the Company’s exposure, and has already amended terms to transition to an alternative benchmark, where necessary. All of the Company’s financing arrangements and derivative instruments that incorporate LIBOR as the referenced rate either mature prior to the phase out of LIBOR or have provisions in place that provide for an alternative to LIBOR upon its phase-out. Additionally, each series of the Company’s fixed-to-floating preferred stock that becomes redeemable at the time the stock begins to pay a LIBOR-based rate has existing LIBOR cessation fallback language. The ASU was effective immediately for all entities and expires after December 31, 2022. The Company’s adoption of this ASU did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
Note 3. Variable Interest Entities
The Company enters into transactions with subsidiary trust entities that are established for limited purposes. One of the Company’s subsidiary trust entities, or the MSR Issuer Trust, was formed for the purpose of financing MSR through securitization, pursuant to which, through two of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, MSR is pledged to the MSR Issuer Trust and in return, the MSR Issuer Trust issues term notes to qualified institutional buyers and a variable funding note, or VFN, to one of the subsidiaries, in each case secured on a pari passu basis. The Company has one repurchase facility that is secured by the VFN, which is collateralized by the Company’s MSR.
Another of the Company’s subsidiary trust entities, or the Servicing Advance Receivables Issuer Trust, was formed for the purpose of financing servicing advances through a revolving credit facility, pursuant to which the Servicing Advance Receivables Issuer Trust issued a VFN backed by servicing advances pledged to the financing counterparty.
Both the MSR Issuer Trust and the Servicing Advance Receivables Issuer Trust are considered VIEs for financial reporting purposes and, thus, were reviewed for consolidation under the applicable consolidation guidance. As the Company has both the power to direct the activities of the trusts that most significantly impact the entities’ performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the entities that could be significant, the Company consolidates the trusts. Additionally, in accordance with arrangements entered into in connection with the securitization transaction and the servicing advance revolving credit facility, the Company has direct financial obligations payable to both the MSR Issuer Trust and the Servicing Advance Receivables Issuer Trust, which, in turn, support the MSR Issuer Trust’s obligations to noteholders under the securitization transaction and the Servicing Advance Receivables Issuer Trust’s obligations to the financing counterparty.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of all consolidated trusts as reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Note receivable (1) | $ | 397,383 | | | $ | 396,776 | |
| | | |
Restricted cash | 18,154 | | | 23,892 | |
Accrued interest receivable (1) | 197 | | | 161 | |
Other assets | 34,119 | | | 33,767 | |
Total Assets | $ | 449,853 | | | $ | 454,596 | |
Term notes payable | $ | 397,383 | | | $ | 396,776 | |
Revolving credit facilities | 29,200 | | | 19,200 | |
Accrued interest payable | 308 | | | 216 | |
Other liabilities | 18,043 | | | 23,838 | |
Total Liabilities | $ | 444,934 | | | $ | 440,030 | |
____________________
(1)Receivables due from a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company to the trusts are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Note 4. Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value
The Company holds both Agency and non-Agency available-for sale, or AFS, investment securities which are carried at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents the Company’s AFS investment securities by collateral type as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Agency: | | | |
Federal National Mortgage Association | $ | 5,711,203 | | | $ | 5,040,988 | |
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | 2,847,222 | | | 1,922,809 | |
Government National Mortgage Association | 143,522 | | | 185,602 | |
Non-Agency | 87,490 | | | 12,304 | |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 8,789,437 | | | $ | 7,161,703 | |
At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company pledged AFS securities with a carrying value of $7.4 billion and $7.0 billion, respectively, as collateral for repurchase agreements. See Note 11 - Repurchase Agreements.
At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any securities purchased from and financed with the same counterparty that did not meet the conditions of ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, to be considered linked transactions and, therefore, classified as derivatives.
The Company is not required to consolidate VIEs for which it has concluded it does not have both the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the entities’ performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the entities that could be significant. The Company’s investments in these unconsolidated VIEs include all non-Agency securities, which are classified within available-for-sale securities, at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying value, which also represents the maximum exposure to loss, of all non-Agency securities in unconsolidated VIEs was $87.5 million and $12.3 million, respectively.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The following tables present the amortized cost and carrying value of AFS securities by collateral type as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 |
(in thousands) | Principal/ Current Face | | Un-amortized Premium | | Accretable Purchase Discount | | | | Amortized Cost | | Allowance for Credit Losses | | Unrealized Gain | | Unrealized Loss | | Carrying Value |
Agency: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Principal and interest | $ | 8,603,008 | | | $ | 223,912 | | | $ | (62,948) | | | | | $ | 8,763,972 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 17,675 | | | $ | (197,154) | | | $ | 8,584,493 | |
Interest-only | 1,665,968 | | | 116,302 | | | — | | | | | 116,302 | | | (9,403) | | | 15,941 | | | (5,386) | | | 117,454 | |
Total Agency | 10,268,976 | | | 340,214 | | | (62,948) | | | | | 8,880,274 | | | (9,403) | | | 33,616 | | | (202,540) | | | 8,701,947 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-Agency | 1,280,889 | | | 8,993 | | | (408) | | | | | 89,338 | | | (260) | | | 590 | | | (2,178) | | | 87,490 | |
Total | $ | 11,549,865 | | | $ | 349,207 | | | $ | (63,356) | | | | | $ | 8,969,612 | | | $ | (9,663) | | | $ | 34,206 | | | $ | (204,718) | | | $ | 8,789,437 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 |
(in thousands) | Principal/ Current Face | | Un-amortized Premium | | Accretable Purchase Discount | | | | Amortized Cost | | Allowance for Credit Losses | | Unrealized Gain | | Unrealized Loss | | Carrying Value |
Agency: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Principal and interest | $ | 6,411,363 | | | $ | 270,699 | | | $ | (12) | | | | | $ | 6,682,050 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 171,308 | | | $ | (4,855) | | | $ | 6,848,503 | |
Interest-only | 3,198,447 | | | 305,577 | | | — | | | | | 305,577 | | | (12,851) | | | 20,699 | | | (12,529) | | | 300,896 | |
Total Agency | 9,609,810 | | | 576,276 | | | (12) | | | | | 6,987,627 | | | (12,851) | | | 192,007 | | | (17,384) | | | 7,149,399 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-Agency | 1,940,815 | | | 16,533 | | | (27) | | | | | 17,386 | | | (1,387) | | | 33 | | | (3,728) | | | 12,304 | |
Total | $ | 11,550,625 | | | $ | 592,809 | | | $ | (39) | | | | | $ | 7,005,013 | | | $ | (14,238) | | | $ | 192,040 | | | $ | (21,112) | | | $ | 7,161,703 | |
The following table presents the Company’s AFS securities according to their estimated weighted average life classifications as of June 30, 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 |
(in thousands) | Agency | | Non-Agency | | Total |
< 1 year | $ | 1,406 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,406 | |
≥ 1 and < 3 years | 39,226 | | | — | | | 39,226 | |
≥ 3 and < 5 years | 112,934 | | | 79,600 | | | 192,534 | |
≥ 5 and < 10 years | 8,547,506 | | | 7,890 | | | 8,555,396 | |
≥ 10 years | 875 | | | — | | | 875 | |
Total | $ | 8,701,947 | | | $ | 87,490 | | | $ | 8,789,437 | |
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Measurement of Allowances for Credit Losses on AFS Securities
The Company uses a discounted cash flow method to estimate and recognize an allowance for credit losses on both Agency and non-Agency AFS securities that are not accounted for under the fair value option. The following tables present the changes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 in the allowance for credit losses on Agency and non-Agency AFS securities:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended | | |
| June 30, 2022 | | June 30, 2022 | | |
| | | | | |
(in thousands) | Agency | | Non-Agency | | Total | | Agency | | Non-Agency | | Total | | | | | | |
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period | $ | (11,567) | | | $ | (6) | | | $ | (11,573) | | | $ | (12,851) | | | $ | (1,387) | | | $ | (14,238) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Additions on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded | (33) | | | (259) | | | (292) | | | (35) | | | (259) | | | (294) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Increase) decrease on securities with previously recorded credit losses | (250) | | | 5 | | | (245) | | | (2,743) | | | 1,386 | | | (1,357) | | | | | | | |
Write-offs | 2,447 | | | — | | | 2,447 | | | 6,226 | | | — | | | 6,226 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for credit losses at end of period | $ | (9,403) | | | $ | (260) | | | $ | (9,663) | | | $ | (9,403) | | | $ | (260) | | | $ | (9,663) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended | | |
| June 30, 2021 | | June 30, 2021 | | |
(in thousands) | Agency | | Non-Agency | | Total | | Agency | | Non-Agency | | Total | | | | | | |
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period | $ | (16,699) | | | $ | (1,471) | | | $ | (18,170) | | | $ | (17,889) | | | $ | (4,639) | | | $ | (22,528) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Additions on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded | (11) | | | (3,850) | | | (3,861) | | | (31) | | | (3,850) | | | (3,881) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Increase) decrease on securities with previously recorded credit losses | (297) | | | (3,234) | | | (3,531) | | | (2,137) | | | (239) | | | (2,376) | | | | | | | |
Write-offs | 1,853 | | | 5,944 | | | 7,797 | | | 4,903 | | | 6,117 | | | 11,020 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for credit losses at end of period | $ | (15,154) | | | $ | (2,611) | | | $ | (17,765) | | | $ | (15,154) | | | $ | (2,611) | | | $ | (17,765) | | | | | | | |
The following tables present the components comprising the carrying value of AFS securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded by length of time that the securities had an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company held 777 and 756 AFS securities, respectively; of the securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, 368 and 45 were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve consecutive months. At both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, none of the Company’s AFS securities were in an unrealized loss position for more than twelve months without an allowance for credit losses recorded.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 |
| Unrealized Loss Position for |
| Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or More | | Total |
(in thousands) | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses |
Agency | $ | 7,099,362 | | | $ | (199,745) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,099,362 | | | $ | (199,745) | |
Non-Agency | 82,244 | | | (1,231) | | | — | | | — | | | 82,244 | | | (1,231) | |
Total | $ | 7,181,606 | | | $ | (200,976) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,181,606 | | | $ | (200,976) | |
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 |
| Unrealized Loss Position for |
| Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or More | | Total |
(in thousands) | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses |
Agency | $ | 2,371,216 | | | $ | (12,031) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,371,216 | | | $ | (12,031) | |
Non-Agency | 9,613 | | | (1,230) | | | — | | | — | | | 9,613 | | | (1,230) | |
Total | $ | 2,380,829 | | | $ | (13,261) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,380,829 | | | $ | (13,261) | |
Gross Realized Gains and Losses
Gains and losses from the sale of AFS securities are recorded as realized gains (losses) within (loss) gain on investment securities in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The following table presents details around sales of AFS securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
(in thousands) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities | $ | 2,326,528 | | | $ | 2,549,602 | | | $ | 4,339,148 | | | $ | 4,600,545 | | | |
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities sold | (2,514,613) | | | (2,532,087) | | | (4,582,084) | | | (4,516,832) | | | |
Total realized (losses) gains on sales, net | $ | (188,085) | | | $ | 17,515 | | | $ | (242,936) | | | $ | 83,713 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Gross realized gains | $ | 6,884 | | | $ | 46,768 | | | $ | 21,579 | | | $ | 112,985 | | | |
Gross realized losses | (194,969) | | | (29,253) | | | (264,515) | | | (29,272) | | | |
Total realized (losses) gains on sales, net | $ | (188,085) | | | $ | 17,515 | | | $ | (242,936) | | | $ | 83,713 | | | |
Note 5. Servicing Activities
Mortgage Servicing Rights, at Fair Value
A wholly owned subsidiary of the Company has approvals from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to own and manage MSR, which represent the right to control the servicing of residential mortgage loans. The Company and its subsidiaries do not originate or directly service mortgage loans, and instead contract with appropriately licensed subservicers to handle substantially all servicing functions in the name of the subservicer for the loans underlying the Company’s MSR.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The following table summarizes activity related to MSR for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
(in thousands) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 3,089,963 | | | $ | 2,091,761 | | | $ | 2,191,578 | | | $ | 1,596,153 | | | |
Purchases of mortgage servicing rights | 59,945 | | | 198,526 | | | 544,750 | | | 373,749 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Changes in fair value due to: | | | | | | | | | |
Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model (1) | 199,272 | | | (72,910) | | | 724,185 | | | 428,783 | | | |
Other changes in fair value (2) | (113,715) | | | (195,141) | | | (228,004) | | | (369,396) | | | |
Other changes (3) | (9,274) | | | (2,130) | | | (6,318) | | | (9,183) | | | |
Balance at end of period (4) | $ | 3,226,191 | | | $ | 2,020,106 | | | $ | 3,226,191 | | | $ | 2,020,106 | | | |
____________________
(1)Includes the impact of acquiring MSR at a cost different from fair value.
(2)Primarily represents changes due to the realization of expected cash flows.
(3)Includes purchase price adjustments, contractual prepayment protection, and changes due to the Company’s purchase of the underlying collateral.
(4)Based on the principal balance of the loans underlying the MSR reported by servicers on a month lag, adjusted for current month purchases.
At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company pledged MSR with a carrying value of $3.2 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, as collateral for repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities and term notes payable. See Note 11 - Repurchase Agreements, Note 12 - Revolving Credit Facilities and Note 13 - Term Notes Payable.
As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the key economic assumptions and sensitivity of the fair value of MSR to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in these assumptions were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands, except per loan data) | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Weighted average prepayment speed: | 7.4 | % | | 12.9 | % |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | $ | (69,057) | | | $ | (110,222) | |
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | $ | (139,968) | | | $ | (210,406) | |
Weighted average delinquency: | 0.8 | % | | 1.3 | % |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | $ | (4,517) | | | $ | (3,470) | |
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | $ | (9,066) | | | $ | (6,947) | |
Weighted average option-adjusted spread: | 5.0 | % | | 4.7 | % |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | $ | (50,651) | | | $ | (42,188) | |
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | $ | (101,512) | | | $ | (82,126) | |
Weighted average per loan annual cost to service: | $ | 67.64 | | | $ | 66.76 | |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | $ | (24,196) | | | $ | (25,919) | |
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | $ | (49,038) | | | $ | (51,911) | |
These assumptions and sensitivities are hypothetical and should be considered with caution. Changes in fair value based on 10% and 20% variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of MSR is calculated without changing any other assumptions. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (e.g., increased market interest rates may result in lower prepayments and increased credit losses) that could magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Further, these sensitivities show only the change in the asset balances and do not show any expected change in the fair value of the instruments used to manage the interest rates and prepayment risks associated with these assets.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Risk Mitigation Activities
The primary risk associated with the Company’s MSR is interest rate risk and the resulting impact on prepayments. A significant decline in interest rates could lead to higher-than-expected prepayments that could reduce the value of the MSR. The Company economically hedges the impact of these risks primarily with its Agency RMBS portfolio.
Mortgage Servicing Income
The following table presents the components of servicing income recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
(in thousands) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
Servicing fee income | $ | 153,620 | | | $ | 111,083 | | | $ | 288,834 | | | $ | 216,248 | | | |
Ancillary and other fee income | 561 | | | 622 | | | 1,031 | | | 1,238 | | | |
Float income | 3,345 | | | 1,111 | | | 4,287 | | | 2,449 | | | |
Total | $ | 157,526 | | | $ | 112,816 | | | $ | 294,152 | | | $ | 219,935 | | | |
Mortgage Servicing Advances
As the servicer of record for the MSR assets, the Company may be required to advance principal and interest payments to security holders, and intermittent tax and insurance payments to local authorities and insurance companies on mortgage loans that are in forbearance, delinquency or default. The Company is responsible for funding these advances, potentially for an extended period of time, before receiving reimbursement from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Servicing advances are priority cash flows in the event of a loan principal reduction or foreclosure and ultimate liquidation of the real estate-owned property, thus making their collection reasonably assured. These servicing advances totaled $98.8 million and $130.6 million and were included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, mortgage loans in 60+ day delinquent status (whether or not subject to forbearance) accounted for approximately 0.8% and 1.3%, respectively, of the aggregate principal balance of loans for which the Company had servicing advance funding obligations.
The Company has one revolving credit facility to finance its servicing advance obligations. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had pledged servicing advances with a carrying value of $34.1 million and $33.8 million, respectively, as collateral for this revolving credit facility. See Note 12 - Revolving Credit Facilities.
Serviced Mortgage Assets
The Company’s total serviced mortgage assets consist of residential mortgage loans underlying its MSR assets, off-balance sheet residential mortgage loans owned by other entities for which the Company acts as servicing administrator and other assets. The following table presents the number of loans and unpaid principal balance of the mortgage assets for which the Company manages the servicing as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
(dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Number of Loans | | Unpaid Principal Balance |
Mortgage servicing rights | 901,244 | | | $ | 227,074,413 | | | 796,205 | | | $ | 193,770,566 | |
Residential mortgage loans | 677 | | | 399,718 | | | 868 | | | 519,270 | |
Other assets | 1 | | | 23 | | | 2 | | | 40 | |
Total serviced mortgage assets | 901,922 | | | $ | 227,474,154 | | | 797,075 | | | $ | 194,289,876 | |
Note 6. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in bank accounts and cash held in money market funds on an overnight basis.
The Company is required to maintain certain cash balances with counterparties for securities and derivatives trading activity, servicing activities and collateral for the Company’s borrowings in restricted accounts. The Company has also placed cash in a restricted account pursuant to a letter of credit on an office space lease.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The following table presents the Company’s restricted cash balances as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Restricted cash balances held by trading counterparties: | | | |
For securities trading activity | $ | 2,951 | | | $ | 23,800 | |
For derivatives trading activity | 239,886 | | | 136,271 | |
For servicing activities | 21,691 | | | 26,704 | |
As restricted collateral for borrowings | 363,137 | | | 747,979 | |
Total restricted cash balances held by trading counterparties | 627,665 | | | 934,754 | |
Restricted cash balance pursuant to letter of credit on office lease | 60 | | | 60 | |
Total | $ | 627,725 | | | $ | 934,814 | |
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statements of cash flows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 511,889 | | | $ | 1,153,856 | |
Restricted cash | 627,725 | | | 934,814 | |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 1,139,614 | | | $ | 2,088,670 | |
Note 7. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company enters into a variety of derivative and non-derivative instruments in connection with its risk management activities. The primary objective for executing these derivative and non-derivative instruments is to mitigate the Company’s economic exposure to future events that are outside its control, principally cash flow volatility associated with interest rate risk (including associated prepayment risk). Specifically, the Company enters into derivative and non-derivative instruments to economically hedge interest rate risk or “duration mismatch (or gap)” by adjusting the duration of its floating-rate borrowings into fixed-rate borrowings to more closely match the duration of its assets. This particularly applies to floating-rate borrowing agreements with maturities or interest rate resets of less than six months. Typically, the interest receivable terms (e.g., LIBOR, Overnight Index Swap Rate, or OIS, or SOFR) of certain derivatives match the terms of the underlying debt, resulting in an effective conversion of the rate of the related borrowing agreement from floating to fixed. The objective is to manage the cash flows associated with current and anticipated interest payments on borrowings, as well as the ability to roll or refinance borrowings at the desired amount by adjusting the duration.
To help manage the adverse impact of interest rate changes on the value of the Company’s portfolio as well as its cash flows, the Company may, at times, enter into various forward contracts, including short securities, Agency to-be-announced securities, or TBAs, options, futures, swaps, caps and total return swaps. In executing on the Company’s current risk management strategy, the Company has entered into TBAs, interest rate swap and swaption agreements, futures and options on futures. The Company has also entered into a number of non-derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk, principally MSR and interest-only securities (see discussion below).
The following summarizes the Company’s significant asset and liability classes, the risk exposure for these classes, and the Company’s risk management activities used to mitigate these risks. The discussion includes both derivative and non-derivative instruments used as part of these risk management activities. Any of the Company’s derivative and non-derivative instruments may be entered into in conjunction with one another in order to mitigate risks. As a result, the following discussions of each type of instrument should be read as a collective representation of the Company’s risk mitigation efforts and should not be considered independent of one another. While the Company uses derivative and non-derivative instruments to achieve the Company’s risk management activities, it is possible that these instruments will not effectively mitigate all or a substantial portion of the Company’s market rate risk. In addition, the Company might elect, at times, not to enter into certain hedging arrangements in order to maintain compliance with REIT requirements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Balance Sheet Presentation
In accordance with ASC 815, the Company records derivative financial instruments on its condensed consolidated balance sheets as assets or liabilities at fair value. Changes in fair value are accounted for depending on the use of the derivative instruments and whether they are designated or qualifying as hedge instruments. Due to the volatility of the interest rate and credit markets and difficulty in effectively matching pricing or cash flows, the Company has not designated any current derivatives as hedging instruments.
The following tables present the gross fair value and notional amounts of the Company’s derivative financial instruments treated as trading derivatives as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2022 |
| | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities |
(in thousands) | | Fair Value | | Notional | | Fair Value | | Notional |
Inverse interest-only securities | | $ | 24,382 | | | $ | 217,851 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Interest rate swap agreements | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 14,850,336 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Swaptions, net | | 541 | | | — | | | (94,227) | | | (1,680,000) | |
TBAs | | 4,407 | | | 422,000 | | | (16,537) | | | 5,895,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Futures, net | | — | | | (16,727,160) | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 29,330 | | | $ | (16,087,309) | | | $ | (110,764) | | | $ | 19,065,336 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2021 |
| | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities |
(in thousands) | | Fair Value | | Notional | | Fair Value | | Notional |
Inverse interest-only securities | | $ | 41,367 | | | $ | 247,101 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Interest rate swap agreements | | — | | | 20,387,300 | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Swaptions, net | | — | | | — | | | (51,743) | | | (1,761,000) | |
TBAs | | 3,405 | | | 3,523,000 | | | (1,915) | | | 593,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Futures, net | | 35,362 | | | (5,829,600) | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 80,134 | | | $ | 18,327,801 | | | $ | (53,658) | | | $ | (1,168,000) | |
Comprehensive Loss Statement Presentation
The Company has not applied hedge accounting to its current derivative portfolio held to mitigate interest rate risk and credit risk. As a result, the Company is subject to volatility in its earnings due to movement in the unrealized gains and losses associated with its derivative instruments.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The following table summarizes the location and amount of gains and losses on derivative instruments reported in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative Instruments | | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income | | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income | | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income |
| | | | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
(in thousands) | | | | June 30, | | June 30, |
| | | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
Interest rate risk management: | | | | | | | | | | |
TBAs | | (Loss) gain on other derivative instruments | | $ | (109,442) | | | $ | 31,817 | | | $ | (308,278) | | | $ | (156,129) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures | | (Loss) gain on other derivative instruments | | 11,312 | | | 18,264 | | | 117,407 | | | (66,877) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Options on futures | | (Loss) gain on other derivative instruments | | (158) | | | — | | | (2,224) | | | — | | | |
Interest rate swaps - Payers | | Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements | | 235,234 | | | (23,019) | | | 672,394 | | | 57,294 | | | |
Interest rate swaps - Receivers | | Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements | | (204,550) | | | 54,229 | | | (681,689) | | | (52,144) | | | |
Swaptions | | Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements | | 2,050 | | | (6,562) | | | 3,988 | | | 3,899 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-risk management: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Inverse interest-only securities | | (Loss) gain on other derivative instruments | | (2,985) | | | 1,231 | | | (9,940) | | | (1,693) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | $ | (68,539) | | | $ | 75,960 | | | $ | (208,342) | | | $ | (215,650) | | | |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized expense of $4.3 million and $5.0 million, respectively, for the accrual and/or settlement of the net interest expense associated with its interest rate swaps and caps. The expense results from receiving either a floating interest rate (OIS or SOFR) or a fixed interest rate and paying either a fixed interest rate or a floating interest rate (OIS or SOFR) on an average $20.5 billion and $22.5 billion notional, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized income of $2.4 million and $4.0 million respectively, for the accrual and/or settlement of the net interest expense associated with its interest rate swaps. The income results from receiving either a floating interest rate (OIS or SOFR) or a fixed interest rate and paying either a fixed interest rate or a floating interest rate (OIS, or SOFR) on an average $15.2 billion and $14.3 billion notional, respectively.
The following tables present information with respect to the volume of activity in the Company’s derivative instruments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |
(in thousands) | Beginning of Period Notional Amount | | Additions | | Settlement, Termination, Expiration or Exercise | | End of Period Notional Amount | | Average Notional Amount | | Realized Gain (Loss), net (1) |
Inverse interest-only securities | $ | 232,218 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (14,367) | | | $ | 217,851 | | | $ | 225,537 | | | $ | (1,875) | |
Interest rate swap agreements | 24,299,647 | | | 6,653,204 | | | (16,102,515) | | | 14,850,336 | | | 20,461,467 | | | 219,025 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaptions, net | (2,761,000) | | | — | | | 1,081,000 | | | (1,680,000) | | | (1,901,286) | | | 27,186 | |
TBAs, net | 4,622,000 | | | 21,697,000 | | | (20,002,000) | | | 6,317,000 | | | 5,568,560 | | | (103,893) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures, net | (7,516,650) | | | (17,500,060) | | | 8,289,550 | | | (16,727,160) | | | (15,287,970) | | | 2,493 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Options on futures, net | 2,000 | | | — | | | (2,000) | | | — | | | 1,055 | | | (2,224) | |
Total | $ | 18,878,215 | | | $ | 10,850,144 | | | $ | (26,750,332) | | | $ | 2,978,027 | | | $ | 9,067,363 | | | $ | 140,712 | |
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |
(in thousands) | Beginning of Period Notional Amount | | Additions | | Settlement, Termination, Expiration or Exercise | | End of Period Notional Amount | | Average Notional Amount | | Realized Gain (Loss), net (1) |
Inverse interest-only securities | $ | 300,597 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (19,124) | | | $ | 281,473 | | | $ | 291,985 | | | $ | (25) | |
Interest rate swap agreements | 15,221,597 | | | 1,080,356 | | | (655,000) | | | 15,646,953 | | | 15,198,601 | | | 8,642 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaptions, net | — | | | (201,000) | | | — | | | (201,000) | | | (65,934) | | | — | |
TBAs, net | 4,800,000 | | | 20,912,000 | | | (18,858,000) | | | 6,854,000 | | | 6,251,516 | | | 23,426 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures, net | (1,185,100) | | | 6,952,500 | | | (5,253,900) | | | 513,500 | | | (94,869) | | | 10,175 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | $ | 19,137,094 | | | $ | 28,743,856 | | | $ | (24,786,024) | | | $ | 23,094,926 | | | $ | 21,581,299 | | | $ | 42,218 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |
(in thousands) | Beginning of Period Notional Amount | | Additions | | Settlement, Termination, Expiration or Exercise | | End of Period Notional Amount | | Average Notional Amount | | Realized Gain (Loss), net (1) |
Inverse interest-only securities | $ | 247,101 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (29,250) | | | $ | 217,851 | | | $ | 232,750 | | | $ | (3,640) | |
Interest rate swap agreements | 20,387,300 | | | 17,445,009 | | | (22,981,973) | | | 14,850,336 | | | 22,478,619 | | | 162,761 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaptions, net | (1,761,000) | | | (1,000,000) | | | 1,081,000 | | | (1,680,000) | | | (2,071,862) | | | 27,186 | |
TBAs, net | 4,116,000 | | | 42,215,000 | | | (40,014,000) | | | 6,317,000 | | | 4,595,387 | | | (294,658) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures, net | (5,829,600) | | | (22,366,160) | | | 11,468,600 | | | (16,727,160) | | | (11,826,254) | | | 380 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Options on futures, net | — | | | 2,000 | | | (2,000) | | | — | | | 840 | | | (2,224) | |
Total | $ | 17,159,801 | | | $ | 36,295,849 | | | $ | (50,477,623) | | | $ | 2,978,027 | | | $ | 13,409,480 | | | $ | (110,195) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |
(in thousands) | Beginning of Period Notional Amount | | Additions | | Settlement, Termination, Expiration or Exercise | | End of Period Notional Amount | | Average Notional Amount | | Realized Gain (Loss), net (1) |
Inverse interest-only securities | $ | 318,162 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (36,689) | | | $ | 281,473 | | | $ | 301,143 | | | $ | 37 | |
Interest rate swap agreements | 12,646,341 | | | 4,192,863 | | | (1,192,251) | | | 15,646,953 | | | 14,342,217 | | | 47 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaptions, net | 3,750,000 | | | (201,000) | | | (3,750,000) | | | (201,000) | | | 127,072 | | | 2,245 | |
TBAs, net | 5,197,000 | | | 41,714,000 | | | (40,057,000) | | | 6,854,000 | | | 5,780,657 | | | (140,097) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures, net | 2,021,100 | | | 7,922,800 | | | (9,430,400) | | | 513,500 | | | 138,038 | | | (60,722) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | $ | 23,932,603 | | | $ | 53,628,663 | | | $ | (54,466,340) | | | $ | 23,094,926 | | | $ | 20,689,127 | | | $ | (198,490) | |
____________________
(1)Excludes net interest paid or received in full settlement of the net interest spread liability.
Cash flow activity related to derivative instruments is reflected within the operating activities and investing activities sections of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Realized gains and losses and derivative fair value adjustments are reflected within the realized and unrealized loss (gain) on interest rate swaps and swaptions and unrealized (gains) losses on other derivative instruments line items within the operating activities section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The remaining cash flow activity related to derivative instruments is reflected within the short sales (purchases) of derivative instruments, proceeds from sales and settlements (payments for termination and settlement) of derivative instruments, net and increase in due to counterparties, net line items within the investing activities section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Interest Rate Sensitive Assets/Liabilities
The Company’s Agency RMBS portfolio is generally subject to change in value when interest rates or prepayment speeds decrease or increase, depending on the type of investment. Periods of rising interest rates with corresponding decreasing prepayment speeds generally result in a decline in the value of the Company’s fixed-rate Agency principal and interest (P&I) RMBS. The impact of this effect on the Company’s fixed-rate Agency P&I RMBS portfolio is partially mitigated by the presence of fixed-rate interest-only Agency RMBS, which generally increase in value when prepayment speeds decrease and MSR, which generally increase in value when prepayment speeds decrease and interest rates increase. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $98.0 million and $274.1 million, respectively, of interest-only securities, and $3.2 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, of MSR. Interest-only securities are included in AFS securities, at fair value, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company monitors its borrowings under repurchase agreements and revolving credit facilities, which are generally floating-rate debt, in relation to the rate profile of its portfolio. In connection with its risk management activities, the Company enters into a variety of derivative and non-derivative instruments to economically hedge interest rate risk or duration mismatch (or gap) by adjusting the duration of its floating-rate borrowings into fixed-rate borrowings to more closely match the duration of its assets. This particularly applies to borrowing agreements with maturities or interest rate resets of less than six months. Typically, the interest receivable terms (e.g., LIBOR, OIS or SOFR) of certain derivatives match the terms of the underlying debt, resulting in an effective conversion of the rate of the related borrowing agreement from floating to fixed. The objective is to manage the cash flows associated with current and anticipated interest payments on borrowings, as well as the ability to roll or refinance borrowings at the desired amount by adjusting the duration. To help manage the adverse impact of interest rate changes on the value of the Company’s portfolio as well as its cash flows, the Company may, at times, enter into various forward contracts, including short securities, TBAs, options, futures, swaps, caps, credit default swaps and total return swaps. In executing on the Company’s current interest rate risk management strategy, the Company has entered into TBAs, interest rate swap and swaption agreements, futures and options on futures.
The Company has certain derivative contracts that are indexed to LIBOR and is monitoring market transition plans as it relates to derivatives exposed to LIBOR and evaluating the related risks and the Company’s exposure. All of the Company’s derivative instruments that incorporate LIBOR as the referenced rate mature prior to the phase out of LIBOR. See Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion of the transition away from LIBOR.
TBAs. The Company may use TBAs as a means of deploying capital until targeted investments are available or to take advantage of temporary displacements, funding advantages or valuation differentials in the marketplace. Additionally, the Company may use TBAs independently, or in conjunction with other derivative and non-derivative instruments, in order to mitigate risks. TBAs are forward contracts for the purchase (long notional positions) or sale (short notional positions) of Agency RMBS. The issuer, coupon and stated maturity of the Agency RMBS are predetermined as well as the trade price, face amount and future settle date (published each month by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association). However, the specific Agency RMBS to be delivered upon settlement is not known at the time of the TBA transaction. As a result, and because physical delivery of the Agency RMBS upon settlement cannot be assured, the Company accounts for TBAs as derivative instruments.
The Company may hold both long and short notional TBA positions, which are disclosed on a gross basis according to the unrealized gain or loss position of each TBA contract regardless of long or short notional position. The following tables present the notional amount, cost basis, market value and carrying value (which approximates fair value) of the Company’s TBA positions as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 |
| | | | | | | Net Carrying Value (4) |
(in thousands) | Notional Amount (1) | | Cost Basis (2) | | Market Value (3) | | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities |
Purchase contracts | $ | 6,317,000 | | | $ | 6,409,396 | | | $ | 6,397,266 | | | $ | 4,407 | | | $ | (16,537) | |
Sale contracts | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
TBAs, net | $ | 6,317,000 | | | $ | 6,409,396 | | | $ | 6,397,266 | | | $ | 4,407 | | | $ | (16,537) | |
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 |
| | | | | | | Net Carrying Value (4) |
(in thousands) | Notional Amount (1) | | Cost Basis (2) | | Market Value (3) | | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities |
Purchase contracts | $ | 4,116,000 | | | $ | 4,238,881 | | | $ | 4,240,371 | | | $ | 3,405 | | | $ | (1,915) | |
Sale contracts | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
TBAs, net | $ | 4,116,000 | | | $ | 4,238,881 | | | $ | 4,240,371 | | | $ | 3,405 | | | $ | (1,915) | |
___________________
(1)Notional amount represents the face amount of the underlying Agency RMBS.
(2)Cost basis represents the forward price to be paid (received) for the underlying Agency RMBS.
(3)Market value represents the current market value of the TBA (or of the underlying Agency RMBS) as of period-end.
(4)Net carrying value represents the difference between the market value of the TBA as of period-end and its cost basis, and is reported in derivative assets / (liabilities), at fair value, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Futures. The Company may use a variety of types of futures independently, or in conjunction with other derivative and non-derivative instruments, in order to mitigate risks. The following table summarizes certain characteristics of the Company’s futures as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Type & Maturity | | Notional Amount | | Carrying Value | | Weighted Average Days to Expiration | | Notional Amount | | Carrying Value | | Weighted Average Days to Expiration |
U.S. Treasury futures - 2 year | | $ | (730,000) | | | $ | — | | | 97 | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | 0 |
U.S. Treasury futures - 5 year | | (3,369,200) | | | — | | | 97 | | — | | | — | | | 0 |
U.S. Treasury futures - 10 year | | (2,988,300) | | | — | | | 92 | | 687,900 | | | 1,809 | | | 90 |
U.S. Treasury futures - 20 year | | (413,000) | | | — | | | 92 | | — | | | — | | | 0 |
Federal Funds futures - 30 day | | (2,000,160) | | | — | | | 215 | | — | | | — | | | 0 |
Eurodollar futures - 3 month | | | | | | | | | | | | |
≤ 1 year | | (5,394,500) | | | — | | | 174 | | (3,582,000) | | | 15,121 | | | 213 |
> 1 and ≤ 2 years | | (1,832,000) | | | — | | | 549 | | (2,269,500) | | | 14,952 | | | 560 |
> 2 and ≤ 3 years | | — | | | — | | | 0 | | (666,000) | | | 3,480 | | | 854 |
Total futures | | $ | (16,727,160) | | | $ | — | | | 185 | | $ | (5,829,600) | | | $ | 35,362 | | | 370 |
Interest Rate Swap Agreements. The Company may use interest rate swaps independently, or in conjunction with other derivative and non-derivative instruments, in order to mitigate risks. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company held the following interest rate swaps that were utilized as economic hedges of interest rate exposure (or duration) whereby the Company receives interest at a floating interest rate (OIS or SOFR):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(notional in thousands) | | | | | | |
June 30, 2022 |
Swaps Maturities | | Notional Amount | | Weighted Average Fixed Pay Rate | | Weighted Average Receive Rate | | Weighted Average Maturity (Years) |
2023 | | $ | 300,584 | | | 0.793 | % | | 1.500 | % | | 1.24 |
2024 | | 499,213 | | | 0.948 | % | | 1.500 | % | | 1.55 |
2025 | | 727,531 | | | 2.120 | % | | 1.500 | % | | 3.22 |
2026 | | 500,819 | | | 0.767 | % | | 1.500 | % | | 4.22 |
2027 and Thereafter | | 6,009,464 | | | 2.107 | % | | 1.500 | % | | 8.39 |
Total | | $ | 8,037,611 | | | 1.904 | % | | 1.500 | % | | 6.97 |
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(notional in thousands) | | | | | | |
December 31, 2021 |
Swaps Maturities | | Notional Amount | | Weighted Average Fixed Pay Rate | | Weighted Average Receive Rate | | Weighted Average Maturity (Years) |
2022 | | $ | 7,415,818 | | | 0.420 | % | | 0.070 | % | | 0.66 |
2023 | | 2,582,084 | | | 0.113 | % | | 0.068 | % | | 1.51 |
2024 | | — | | | — | % | | — | % | | 0.00 |
2025 | | 377,610 | | | 1.030 | % | | 0.050 | % | | 3.96 |
2026 and Thereafter | | 2,782,057 | | | 0.652 | % | | 0.063 | % | | 6.56 |
Total | | $ | 13,157,569 | | | 0.213 | % | | 0.067 | % | | 2.17 |
Additionally, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company held the following interest rate swaps in order to mitigate mortgage interest rate exposure (or duration) risk whereby the Company pays interest at a floating interest rate (OIS or SOFR):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(notional in thousands) | | | | | | |
June 30, 2022 |
Swaps Maturities | | Notional Amount (1) | | Weighted Average Pay Rate (2) | | Weighted Average Fixed Receive Rate (2) | | Weighted Average Maturity (Years) (2) |
2023 | | $ | — | | | — | % | | — | % | | 0.00 |
2024 | | — | | | — | % | | — | % | | 0.00 |
2025 | | — | | | — | % | | — | % | | 0.00 |
2026 | | 1,626,290 | | | 1.500 | % | | 0.982 | % | | 4.39 |
2027 and Thereafter | | 5,186,435 | | | 1.526 | % | | 1.619 | % | | 9.31 |
Total | | $ | 6,812,725 | | | 1.523 | % | | 1.540 | % | | 8.70 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(notional in thousands) | | | | | | |
December 31, 2021 |
Swaps Maturities | | Notional Amount | | Weighted Average Pay Rate | | Weighted Average Fixed Receive Rate | | Weighted Average Maturity (Years) |
2022 | | $ | 2,221,658 | | | 0.070 | % | | 0.118 | % | | 1.19 |
2023 | | — | | | — | % | | — | % | | 0.00 |
2024 | | — | | | — | % | | — | % | | 0.00 |
2025 | | — | | | — | % | | — | % | | 0.00 |
2026 and Thereafter | | 5,008,073 | | | 0.058 | % | | 1.049 | % | | 10.00 |
Total | | $ | 7,229,731 | | | 0.062 | % | | 0.763 | % | | 7.29 |
____________________
(1)Notional amount includes $900.0 million in forward starting interest rate swaps as of June 30, 2022.
(2)Weighted averages exclude forward starting interest rate swaps. As of June 30, 2022, the weighted average fixed receive rate on forward starting interest rate swaps was 2.7%.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Interest Rate Swaptions. The Company may use interest rate swaptions (which provide the option to enter into interest rate swap agreements for a predetermined notional amount, stated term and pay and receive interest rates in the future) independently, or in conjunction with other derivative and non-derivative instruments, in order to mitigate risks. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaptions:
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| | June 30, 2022 |
(notional and dollars in thousands) | | Option | | Underlying Swap |
Swaption | | Expiration | | Cost Basis | | Fair Value | | Average Months to Expiration | | Notional Amount | | Average Fixed Rate (1) | | | | Average Term (Years) |
Purchase contracts: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Receiver | | < 6 Months | | $ | 1,229 | | | $ | 626 | | | 1.07 | | | $ | 100,000 | | | 2.60 | % | | | | 10.0 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sale contracts: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Payer | | ≥ 6 Months | | $ | (35,778) | | | $ | (82,834) | | | 18.19 | | | $ | (840,000) | | | 1.86 | % | | | | 10.0 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Receiver | | < 6 Months | | $ | (400) | | | $ | (86) | | | 1.07 | | | $ | (100,000) | | | 2.20 | % | | | | 10.0 |
Receiver | | ≥ 6 Months | | $ | (35,778) | | | $ | (11,392) | | | 18.92 | | | $ | (840,000) | | | 1.86 | % | | | | 10.0 |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2021 |
(notional and dollars in thousands) | | Option | | Underlying Swap |
Swaption | | Expiration | | Cost | | Fair Value | | Average Months to Expiration | | Notional Amount | | Average Fixed Rate (1) | | | | Average Term (Years) |
Purchase contracts: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Payer | | < 6 Months | | $ | 11,314 | | | $ | 3,539 | | | 5.33 | | | $ | 886,000 | | | 2.26 | % | | | | 10.0 |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Sale contracts: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Payer | | ≥ 6 Months | | $ | (26,329) | | | $ | (23,958) | | | 17.79 | | | $ | (780,000) | | | 1.72 | % | | | | 10.0 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Receiver | | < 6 Months | | $ | (10,640) | | | $ | (6,856) | | | 5.11 | | | $ | (1,087,000) | | | 1.26 | % | | | | 10.0 |
Receiver | | ≥ 6 Months | | $ | (26,329) | | | $ | (24,468) | | | 18.91 | | | $ | (780,000) | | | 1.72 | % | | | | 10.0 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
____________________
(1)As of June 30, 2022, 63.8% and 36.2% of the underlying swap floating rates were tied to SOFR and 3-Month LIBOR, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, 100.0% of the underlying swap floating rates were tied to 3-Month LIBOR.
Credit Risk
The Company’s exposure to credit losses on its Agency RMBS portfolio is limited due to implicit or explicit backing from either a GSE or a U.S. government agency. The payment of principal and interest on the Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae mortgage-backed securities are guaranteed by those respective agencies, and the payment of principal and interest on the Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
In future periods, the Company could enhance its credit risk protection, enter into further paired derivative positions, including both long and short credit default swaps, and/or seek opportunistic trades in the event of a market disruption (see discussion under “Non-Risk Management Activities” below). The Company also has processes and controls in place to monitor, analyze, manage and mitigate its credit risk with respect to non-Agency securities.
Derivative financial instruments contain an element of credit risk if counterparties are unable to meet the terms of the agreements. Credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments is measured as the net replacement cost should the counterparties that owe the Company under such contracts completely fail to perform under the terms of these contracts, assuming there are no recoveries of underlying collateral, as measured by the market value of the derivative financial instruments. As of June 30, 2022, the fair value of derivative financial instruments as an asset and liability position was $29.3 million and $110.8 million, respectively.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The Company attempts to mitigate its credit risk exposure on derivative financial instruments by limiting its counterparties to banks and financial institutions that meet established internal credit guidelines. The Company also seeks to spread its credit risk exposure across multiple counterparties in order to reduce its exposure to any single counterparty. Additionally, the Company reduces credit risk on the majority of its derivative instruments by entering into agreements that permit the closeout and netting of transactions with the same counterparty or clearing agency upon the occurrence of certain events. To further mitigate the risk of counterparty default, the Company maintains collateral agreements with certain of its counterparties and clearing agencies, which require both parties to maintain cash deposits in the event the fair values of the derivative financial instruments exceed established thresholds. The Company’s centrally cleared interest rate swaps and exchange-traded futures and options on futures require the Company to post an “initial margin” amount determined by the clearing exchange, which is generally intended to be set at a level sufficient to protect the exchange from the derivative instrument’s maximum estimated single-day price movement. The Company also exchanges “variation margin” based upon daily changes in fair value, as measured by the exchange. The exchange of variation margin is considered a settlement of the derivative instrument, as opposed to pledged collateral. Accordingly, the Company accounts for the receipt or payment of variation margin as a direct reduction to the carrying value of the centrally cleared or exchange-traded derivative asset or liability.
Note 8. Reverse Repurchase Agreements
As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $159.2 million and $129.2 million in amounts due to counterparties as collateral for reverse repurchase agreements that could be pledged, delivered or otherwise used, with a fair value of $159.0 million and $134.7 million, respectively.
Note 9. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Certain of the Company’s repurchase agreements are governed by underlying agreements that provide for a right of setoff in the event of default by either party to the agreement. The Company also has netting arrangements in place with all derivative counterparties pursuant to standard documentation developed by the International Swap and Derivatives Association, or ISDA, or central clearing exchange agreements. The Company and the counterparty or clearing agency are required to post cash collateral based upon the net underlying market value of the Company’s open positions with the counterparty. Additionally, the Company’s centrally cleared interest rate swaps and exchange-traded futures and options on futures require the Company to post an initial margin amount determined by the clearing exchange, which is generally intended to be set at a level sufficient to protect the exchange from the derivative instrument’s maximum estimated single-day price movement. The Company also exchanges variation margin based upon daily changes in fair value, as measured by the exchange.
Under U.S. GAAP, if the Company has a valid right of setoff, it may offset the related asset and liability and report the net amount. Based on rules governing certain central clearing and exchange-trading activities, the exchange of variation margin is considered a settlement of the derivative instrument, as opposed to pledged collateral. Accordingly, the Company accounts for the receipt or payment of variation margin on Chicago Mercantile Exchange, or CME, and London Clearing House, or LCH, cleared positions as a direct reduction to the carrying value of the centrally cleared or exchange-traded derivative asset or liability. The receipt or payment of initial margin is accounted for separate from the derivative asset or liability.
Reverse repurchase agreements and repurchase agreements with the same counterparty and the same maturity are presented net in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets when the terms of the agreements meet the criteria to permit netting. The Company reports cash flows on repurchase agreements as financing activities and cash flows on reverse repurchase agreements as investing activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company presents derivative assets and liabilities (other than centrally cleared or exchange-traded derivative instruments) subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements on a net basis, based on derivative type and counterparty, in its condensed consolidated balance sheets. Separately, the Company presents cash collateral subject to such arrangements (other than variation margin on centrally cleared or exchange-traded derivative instruments) on a net basis, based on counterparty, in its condensed consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company does not offset repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements or derivative assets and liabilities (other than centrally cleared or exchange-traded derivative instruments) with the associated cash collateral on its condensed consolidated balance sheets.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements and can potentially be offset on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 |
| | | | | | | Gross Amounts Not Offset with Financial Assets (Liabilities) in the Balance Sheets (1) | | |
(in thousands) | Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities) | | Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheets | | Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Balance Sheets | | Financial Instruments | | Cash Collateral (Received) Pledged | | Net Amount |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative assets | $ | 581,719 | | | $ | (552,389) | | | $ | 29,330 | | | $ | (29,330) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Reverse repurchase agreements | 158,971 | | | — | | | 158,971 | | | — | | | (158,971) | | | — | |
Total Assets | $ | 740,690 | | | $ | (552,389) | | | $ | 188,301 | | | $ | (29,330) | | | $ | (158,971) | | | $ | — | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase agreements | $ | (7,958,247) | | | $ | — | | | $ | (7,958,247) | | | $ | 7,958,247 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Derivative liabilities | (663,153) | | | 552,389 | | | (110,764) | | | 29,330 | | | — | | | (81,434) | |
Total Liabilities | $ | (8,621,400) | | | $ | 552,389 | | | $ | (8,069,011) | | | $ | 7,987,577 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (81,434) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 |
| | | | | | | Gross Amounts Not Offset with Financial Assets (Liabilities) in the Balance Sheets (1) | | |
(in thousands) | Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities) | | Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheets | | Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Balance Sheets | | Financial Instruments | | Cash Collateral (Received) Pledged | | Net Amount |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative assets | $ | 215,084 | | | $ | (134,950) | | | $ | 80,134 | | | $ | (53,658) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 26,476 | |
Reverse repurchase agreements | 134,682 | | | — | | | 134,682 | | | — | | | (129,227) | | | 5,455 | |
Total Assets | $ | 349,766 | | | $ | (134,950) | | | $ | 214,816 | | | $ | (53,658) | | | $ | (129,227) | | | $ | 31,931 | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase agreements | $ | (7,656,445) | | | $ | — | | | $ | (7,656,445) | | | $ | 7,656,445 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Derivative liabilities | (188,608) | | | 134,950 | | | (53,658) | | | 53,658 | | | — | | | — | |
Total Liabilities | $ | (7,845,053) | | | $ | 134,950 | | | $ | (7,710,103) | | | $ | 7,710,103 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
____________________
(1)Amounts presented are limited in total to the net amount of assets or liabilities presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets by instrument. Excess cash collateral or financial assets that are pledged to counterparties may exceed the financial liabilities subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement, or counterparties may have pledged excess cash collateral to the Company that exceed the corresponding financial assets. These excess amounts are excluded from the table above, although separately reported within restricted cash, due from counterparties, or due to counterparties in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Note 10. Fair Value
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, or ASC 820, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets (i.e., observable inputs) and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency (i.e., unobservable inputs). Additionally, ASC 820 requires an entity to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including the entity’s own credit standing, when measuring fair value of a liability.
ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy to be used when measuring and disclosing fair value. An instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. The following is a description of the three levels:
Level 1Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the measurement date under current market conditions. Additionally, the entity must have the ability to access the active market and the quoted prices cannot be adjusted by the entity.
Level 2Inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means for substantially the full-term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3Unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent the assumptions that market participants would use to price the assets and liabilities, including risk. Generally, Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that require significant judgment or estimation.
The following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models and significant assumptions utilized.
Available-for-sale securities. The Company holds a portfolio of AFS securities that are carried at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and primarily comprised of Agency RMBS and non-Agency securities. The Company determines the fair value of its Agency RMBS based upon prices obtained from third-party brokers and pricing vendors received using bid price, which are deemed indicative of market activity. The third-party pricing vendors use pricing models that generally incorporate such factors as coupons, primary and secondary mortgage rates, rate reset period, issuer, prepayment speeds, credit enhancements and expected life of the security. In determining the fair value of its non-Agency securities, management judgment may be used to arrive at fair value that considers prices obtained from third-party pricing vendors and other applicable market data. If observable market prices are not available or insufficient to determine fair value due principally to illiquidity in the marketplace, then fair value is based upon models that are primarily based on observable market-based inputs but also include unobservable market data inputs (including prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, and credit losses).
The Company classified 99.0% and 1.0% of its AFS securities as Level 2 and Level 3 fair value assets, respectively, at June 30, 2022.
Mortgage servicing rights. The Company holds a portfolio of MSR that are carried at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company determines fair value of its MSR based on prices obtained from third-party pricing vendors. Although MSR transactions may be observable in the marketplace, the details of those transactions are not necessarily reflective of the value of the Company’s MSR portfolio. Third-party vendors use both observable market data and unobservable market data (including forecasted prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, option-adjusted spread, or OAS, and cost to service) as inputs into models, which help to inform their best estimates of fair value market price. As a result, the Company classified 100% of its MSR as Level 3 fair value assets at June 30, 2022.
Derivative instruments. The Company may enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments as part of its hedging strategies. The Company principally executes over-the-counter, or OTC, derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps and swaptions. The Company utilizes third-party brokers to value its financial derivative instruments. The Company classified 100% of the interest rate swaps and swaptions reported at fair value as Level 2 at June 30, 2022.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The Company may also enter into certain other derivative financial instruments, such as inverse interest-only securities, TBAs, futures and options on futures. The Company utilizes third-party pricing vendors to value inverse interest-only securities, as these instruments are similar in form to the Company’s AFS securities. The Company classified 100% of its inverse interest-only securities at fair value as Level 2 at June 30, 2022. TBAs, futures and options on futures are considered to be active markets such that participants transact with sufficient frequency and volume to provide transparent pricing information for identical instruments. The Company utilizes third-party pricing vendors to value TBAs, futures and options on futures. The Company reported 100% of its TBAs and futures as Level 1 as of June 30, 2022. The Company did not hold any options on futures at June 30, 2022.
The Company’s policy is to minimize credit exposure related to financial derivatives used for hedging by limiting the hedge counterparties to major banks, financial institutions, exchanges, and private investors who meet established capital and credit guidelines as well as by limiting the amount of exposure to any individual counterparty.
The Company has netting arrangements in place with all derivative counterparties pursuant to standard documentation developed by ISDA or central clearing exchange agreements. Additionally, both the Company and the counterparty or clearing agency are required to post cash margin based upon the net underlying market value of the Company’s open positions with the counterparty. Posting of cash margin typically occurs daily, subject to certain dollar thresholds. Due to the existence of netting arrangements, as well as frequent cash margin posting at low posting thresholds, credit exposure to the Company and/or to the counterparty or clearing agency is considered materially mitigated. Based on the Company’s assessment, there is no requirement for any additional adjustment to derivative valuations specifically for credit.
The following tables display the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company often economically hedges the fair value change of its assets or liabilities with derivatives and other financial instruments. The tables below display the hedges separately from the hedged items, and therefore do not directly display the impact of the Company’s risk management activities:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Recurring Fair Value Measurements |
| June 30, 2022 |
(in thousands) | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
Assets: | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | — | | | $ | 8,701,947 | | | $ | 87,490 | | | $ | 8,789,437 | |
| | | | | | | |
Mortgage servicing rights | — | | | — | | | 3,226,191 | | | 3,226,191 | |
| | | | | | | |
Derivative assets | 4,407 | | | 24,923 | | | — | | | 29,330 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total assets | $ | 4,407 | | | $ | 8,726,870 | | | $ | 3,313,681 | | | $ | 12,044,958 | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 16,537 | | | $ | 94,227 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 110,764 | |
Total liabilities | $ | 16,537 | | | $ | 94,227 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 110,764 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Recurring Fair Value Measurements |
| December 31, 2021 |
(in thousands) | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
Assets: | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | — | | | $ | 7,149,399 | | | $ | 12,304 | | | $ | 7,161,703 | |
| | | | | | | |
Mortgage servicing rights | — | | | — | | | 2,191,578 | | | 2,191,578 | |
| | | | | | | |
Derivative assets | 38,767 | | | 41,367 | | | — | | | 80,134 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total assets | $ | 38,767 | | | $ | 7,190,766 | | | $ | 2,203,882 | | | $ | 9,433,415 | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 1,915 | | | $ | 51,743 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 53,658 | |
Total liabilities | $ | 1,915 | | | $ | 51,743 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 53,658 | |
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The Company may be required to measure certain assets or liabilities at fair value from time to time. These periodic fair value measures typically result from application of certain impairment measures under U.S. GAAP. These items would constitute nonrecurring fair value measures under ASC 820. As of June 30, 2022, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the periods presented.
The valuation of Level 3 instruments requires significant judgment by the third-party pricing vendors and/or management. The third-party pricing vendors and/or management rely on inputs such as market price quotations from market makers (either market or indicative levels), original transaction price, recent transactions in the same or similar instruments, and changes in financial ratios or cash flows to determine fair value. Level 3 instruments may also be discounted to reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability, with the amount of such discount estimated by the third-party pricing vendors in the absence of market information. Assumptions used by the third-party pricing vendors due to lack of observable inputs may significantly impact the resulting fair value and therefore the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
The Company’s valuation committee reviews all valuations that are based on pricing information received from third-party pricing vendors. As part of this review, prices are compared against other pricing or input data points in the marketplace, along with internal valuation expertise, to ensure the pricing is reasonable. In addition, the Company performs back-testing of pricing information to validate price information and identify any pricing trends of a third-party pricing vendors.
In determining fair value, third-party pricing vendors use various valuation approaches, including market and income approaches. Inputs that are used in determining fair value of an instrument may include pricing information, credit data, volatility statistics, and other factors. In addition, inputs can be either observable or unobservable.
The availability of observable inputs can vary by instrument and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace and other characteristics particular to the instrument. The third-party pricing vendor uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market dislocations. In periods of market dislocation, the availability of prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments. This condition could cause an instrument to be reclassified to or from various levels within the fair value hierarchy.
Securities that are priced using third-party broker quotations are valued at the bid price (in the case of long positions) or the ask price (in the case of short positions) at the close of trading on the date as of which value is determined. Exchange-traded securities for which no bid or ask price is available are valued at the last traded price. OTC derivative contracts, including interest rate swap and swaption agreements, are valued by the Company using observable inputs, specifically quotations received from third-party brokers. Exchange-traded derivative instruments, including futures and options on futures, are valued based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The following table presents the reconciliation for the Company’s Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended | | | | | |
| | | | |
| June 30, 2022 | | June 30, 2022 | | | |
(in thousands) | Available-For-Sale Securities | | Mortgage Servicing Rights | | Available-For-Sale Securities | | Mortgage Servicing Rights | | | | | |
Beginning of period level 3 fair value | $ | 12,530 | | | $ | 3,089,963 | | | $ | 12,304 | | | $ | 2,191,578 | | | | | | |
Gains (losses) included in net (loss) income: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized | (405) | | | (113,715) | | | (1,273) | | | (228,004) | | | | | | |
Unrealized | 753 | | (1) | 199,272 | | (2) | 1,680 | | (1) | 724,185 | | (2) | | | | |
Reversal of (provision for) credit losses | (254) | | | — | | | 1,127 | | | — | | | | | | |
Net gains (losses) included in net (loss) income | 94 | | | 85,557 | | | 1,534 | | | 496,181 | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive loss | 1,641 | | | — | | | 427 | | | — | | | | | | |
Purchases | 79,600 | | | 59,945 | | | 79,600 | | | 544,750 | | | | | | |
Sales | (6,375) | | | — | | | (6,375) | | | — | | | | | | |
Settlements | — | | | (9,274) | | | — | | | (6,318) | | | | | | |
Gross transfers into level 3 | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
Gross transfers out of level 3 | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
End of period level 3 fair value | $ | 87,490 | | | $ | 3,226,191 | | | $ | 87,490 | | | $ | 3,226,191 | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the reporting period | $ | 753 | | (3) | $ | 195,868 | | (4) | $ | 1,680 | | (3) | $ | 700,354 | | (4) | | | | |
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive (loss) income for assets held at the end of the reporting period | $ | 2,395 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,108 | | | $ | — | | | | | | |
____________________
(1)The change in unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities accounted for under the fair value option was recorded in (loss) gain on investment securities on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
(2)The change in unrealized gains or losses on MSR was recorded in gain (loss) on servicing asset on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
(3)The change in unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities accounted for under the fair value option that were held at the end of the reporting period was recorded in (loss) gain on investment securities on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
(4)The change in unrealized gains or losses on MSR that were held at the end of the reporting period was recorded in gain (loss) on servicing asset on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
No transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 were made during the six months ended June 30, 2022. Transfers between Levels are deemed to take place on the first day of the reporting period in which the transfer has taken place.
The Company used multiple third-party pricing vendors in the fair value measurement of its Level 3 AFS securities. The significant unobservable inputs used by the third-party pricing vendors included expected default, severity and discount rate. Significant increases (decreases) in any of the inputs in isolation may result in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The Company also used multiple third-party pricing vendors in the fair value measurement of its Level 3 MSR. The tables below present information about the significant unobservable market data used by the third-party pricing vendors as inputs into models utilized to inform their best estimates of the fair value measurement of the Company’s MSR classified as Level 3 fair value assets at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
June 30, 2022 | |
Valuation Technique | | Unobservable Input | | Range | | Weighted Average (1) | |
Discounted cash flow | | Constant prepayment speed | | 6.8% | - | 8.1% | | | 7.4% | |
| | Delinquency | | 0.8% | - | 0.8% | | | 0.8% | |
| | Option-adjusted spread | | 4.9% | - | 8.2% | | | 5.0% | |
| | Per loan annual cost to service | | $67.21 | - | $80.55 | | | $67.64 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2021 | |
Valuation Technique | | Unobservable Input | | Range | | Weighted Average (1) | |
Discounted cash flow | | Constant prepayment speed | | 10.0% | - | 17.9% | | | 12.9% | |
| | Delinquency | | 0.9% | - | 1.8% | | | 1.3% | |
| | Option-adjusted spread | | 4.6% | - | 9.2% | | | 4.7% | |
| | Per loan annual cost to service | | $66.04 | - | $83.91 | | | $66.76 | |
___________________
(1)Calculated by averaging the weighted average significant unobservable inputs used by the multiple third-party pricing vendors in the fair value measurement of MSR.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
In accordance with ASC 820, the Company is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, for which fair value can be estimated.
The following describes the Company’s methods for estimating the fair value for financial instruments.
•AFS securities, MSR, and derivative assets and liabilities are recurring fair value measurements; carrying value equals fair value. See discussion of valuation methods and assumptions within the Fair Value Measurements section of this Note 10.
•Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash have a carrying value which approximates fair value because of the short maturities of these instruments. The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these assets as Level 1.
•Reverse repurchase agreements have a carrying value which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these assets as Level 2.
•The carrying value of repurchase agreements and revolving credit facilities that mature in less than one year generally approximates fair value due to the short maturities. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $796.6 million under revolving credit facilities that are considered long-term. The Company’s long-term revolving credit facilities have floating rates based on an index plus a spread and the credit spread is typically consistent with those demanded in the market. Accordingly, the interest rates on these borrowings are at market and thus carrying value approximates fair value. The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these liabilities as Level 2.
•Term notes payable are recorded at outstanding principal balance, net of any unamortized deferred debt issuance costs. In determining the fair value of term notes payable, management judgment may be used to arrive at fair value that considers prices obtained from third-party pricing vendors, broker quotes received and other applicable market data. If observable market prices are not available or insufficient to determine fair value due principally to illiquidity in the marketplace, then fair value is based upon internally developed models that are primarily based on observable market-based inputs but also include unobservable market data inputs (including prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, and credit losses). The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these liabilities as Level 2.
•Convertible senior notes are carried at their unpaid principal balance, net of any unamortized deferred issuance costs. The Company estimates the fair value of its convertible senior notes using the market transaction price nearest to June 30, 2022. The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these assets as Level 2.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
(in thousands) | Carrying Value | | Fair Value | | Carrying Value | | Fair Value |
Assets: | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 8,789,437 | | | $ | 8,789,437 | | | $ | 7,161,703 | | | $ | 7,161,703 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Mortgage servicing rights | $ | 3,226,191 | | | $ | 3,226,191 | | | $ | 2,191,578 | | | $ | 2,191,578 | |
| | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 511,889 | | | $ | 511,889 | | | $ | 1,153,856 | | | $ | 1,153,856 | |
Restricted cash | $ | 627,725 | | | $ | 627,725 | | | $ | 934,814 | | | $ | 934,814 | |
Derivative assets | $ | 29,330 | | | $ | 29,330 | | | $ | 80,134 | | | $ | 80,134 | |
Reverse repurchase agreements | $ | 158,971 | | | $ | 158,971 | | | $ | 134,682 | | | $ | 134,682 | |
Other assets | $ | 3,234 | | | $ | 3,234 | | | $ | 3,332 | | | $ | 3,332 | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Repurchase agreements | $ | 7,958,247 | | | $ | 7,958,247 | | | $ | 7,656,445 | | | $ | 7,656,445 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Revolving credit facilities | $ | 825,761 | | | $ | 825,761 | | | $ | 420,761 | | | $ | 420,761 | |
Term notes payable | $ | 397,383 | | | $ | 388,099 | | | $ | 396,776 | | | $ | 395,030 | |
Convertible senior notes | $ | 281,711 | | | $ | 257,106 | | | $ | 424,827 | | | $ | 435,774 | |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 110,764 | | | $ | 110,764 | | | $ | 53,658 | | | $ | 53,658 | |
Note 11. Repurchase Agreements
As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding $8.0 billion and $7.7 billion, respectively, of repurchase agreements. Excluding the effect of the Company’s interest rate swaps, the repurchase agreements had a weighted average borrowing rate of 1.48% and 0.24% and weighted average remaining maturities of 84 and 67 days as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, none of the Company’s repurchase agreements incorporated LIBOR as the referenced rate.
At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s repurchase agreements had the following characteristics and remaining maturities:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | June 30, 2022 |
| | | Collateral Type | | |
(in thousands) | | | Agency RMBS | | Non-Agency Securities | | Agency Derivatives | | | | Mortgage Servicing Rights | | Total Amount Outstanding |
Within 30 days | | | $ | 2,342,564 | | | $ | 23,880 | | | $ | 6,818 | | | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,373,262 | |
30 to 59 days | | | 976,012 | | | — | | | — | | | | | — | | | 976,012 | |
60 to 89 days | | | 2,039,223 | | | 219 | | | 876 | | | | | — | | | 2,040,318 | |
90 to 119 days | | | 998,159 | | | 23,835 | | | 15,051 | | | | | — | | | 1,037,045 | |
120 to 364 days | | | 1,131,610 | | | — | | | — | | | | | 400,000 | | | 1,531,610 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | $ | 7,487,568 | | | $ | 47,934 | | | $ | 22,745 | | | | | $ | 400,000 | | | $ | 7,958,247 | |
Weighted average borrowing rate | | | 1.27 | % | | 2.44 | % | | 1.89 | % | | | | 5.12 | % | | 1.48 | % |
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, 2021 |
| | | Collateral Type | | |
(in thousands) | | | Agency RMBS | | Non-Agency Securities | | Agency Derivatives | | | | Mortgage Servicing Rights | | Total Amount Outstanding |
Within 30 days | | | $ | 1,617,186 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 10,097 | | | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,627,283 | |
30 to 59 days | | | 1,807,544 | | | — | | | — | | | | | — | | | 1,807,544 | |
60 to 89 days | | | 1,979,717 | | | 171 | | | 1,168 | | | | | — | | | 1,981,056 | |
90 to 119 days | | | 1,240,915 | | | — | | | 8,520 | | | | | — | | | 1,249,435 | |
120 to 364 days | | | 849,868 | | | — | | | 16,259 | | | | | 125,000 | | | 991,127 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | $ | 7,495,230 | | | $ | 171 | | | $ | 36,044 | | | | | $ | 125,000 | | | $ | 7,656,445 | |
Weighted average borrowing rate | | | 0.17 | % | | 1.24 | % | | 0.74 | % | | | | 4.00 | % | | 0.24 | % |
The following table summarizes assets at carrying values that are pledged or restricted as collateral for the future payment obligations of the Company’s repurchase agreements:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value | $ | 7,420,521 | | | $ | 7,009,449 | |
| | | |
| | | |
Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value (1) | 1,089,448 | | | 725,985 | |
| | | |
Restricted cash | 362,937 | | | 747,779 | |
Due from counterparties | 111,724 | | | 30,764 | |
Derivative assets, at fair value | 23,336 | | | 39,609 | |
| | | |
Total | $ | 9,007,966 | | | $ | 8,553,586 | |
____________________
(1)MSR repurchase agreements are secured by a VFN issued in connection with the Company’s securitization of MSR, which is collateralized by the Company’s MSR.
Although the transactions under repurchase agreements represent committed borrowings until maturity, the respective lender retains the right to mark the underlying collateral to fair value. A reduction in the value of pledged assets would require the Company to provide additional collateral or fund margin calls.
The following table summarizes certain characteristics of the Company’s repurchase agreements and counterparty concentration at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
(dollars in thousands) | Amount Outstanding | | Net Counterparty Exposure (1) | | Percent of Equity | | Weighted Average Days to Maturity | | Amount Outstanding | | Net Counterparty Exposure (1) | | Percent of Equity | | Weighted Average Days to Maturity |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit Suisse | $ | 423,880 | | | $ | 94,723 | | | 4 | % | | 212 | | $ | 125,000 | | | $ | 353,975 | | | 13 | % | | 181 |
All other counterparties (2) | 7,534,367 | | | 455,350 | | | 18 | % | | 77 | | 7,531,445 | | | 314,258 | | | 11 | % | | 65 |
Total | $ | 7,958,247 | | | $ | 550,073 | | | | | | | $ | 7,656,445 | | | $ | 668,233 | | | | | |
____________________
(1)Represents the net carrying value of the assets sold under agreements to repurchase, including accrued interest plus any cash or assets on deposit to secure the repurchase obligation, less the amount of the repurchase liability, including accrued interest.
(2)Represents amounts outstanding with 20 and 19 counterparties at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
The Company does not anticipate any defaults by its repurchase agreement counterparties. There can be no assurance, however, that any such default or defaults will not occur.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Note 12. Revolving Credit Facilities
To finance MSR assets and related servicing advance obligations, the Company has entered into revolving credit facilities collateralized by the value of the MSR and/or servicing advances pledged. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding short- and long-term borrowings under revolving credit facilities of $825.8 million and $420.8 million with a weighted average borrowing rate of 4.93% and 3.46% and weighted average remaining maturities of 1.6 and 1.2 years, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s revolving credit facilities incorporated a variety of referenced rates. Any facilities that incorporate LIBOR as either the referenced rate or an alternative rate if the primary benchmark rate is unavailable have provisions in place that provide for an alternative to LIBOR upon its phase-out. See Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion of the transition away from LIBOR.
At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, borrowings under revolving credit facilities had the following remaining maturities:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Within 30 days | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
30 to 59 days | — | | | — | |
60 to 89 days | — | | | — | |
90 to 119 days | 29,200 | | | — | |
120 to 364 days | — | | | 274,511 | |
One year and over | 796,561 | | | 146,250 | |
Total | $ | 825,761 | | | $ | 420,761 | |
Although the transactions under revolving credit facilities represent committed borrowings from the time of funding until maturity, the respective lender retains the right to mark the underlying collateral to fair value. A reduction in the value of pledged assets below a designated threshold would require the Company to provide additional collateral or pay down the facility. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, MSR with a carrying value of $1.6 billion and $904.8 million, respectively, was pledged as collateral for the Company’s future payment obligations under its MSR revolving credit facilities. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, servicing advances with a carrying value of $34.1 million and $33.8 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for the Company’s future payment obligations under its servicing advance revolving credit facility. The Company does not anticipate any defaults by its revolving credit facility counterparties, although there can be no assurance that any such default or defaults will not occur.
Note 13. Term Notes Payable
The debt issued in connection with the Company’s on-balance sheet securitization is classified as term notes payable and carried at outstanding principal balance, which was $400.0 million as of both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, net of any unamortized deferred debt issuance costs, on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the outstanding amount due on term notes payable was $397.4 million and $396.8 million, net of deferred debt issuance costs, with a weighted average interest rate of 4.42% and 2.90% and weighted average remaining maturities of 2.0 years and 2.5 years. The Company’s term notes incorporate LIBOR as the referenced rate and mature after the phase-out of LIBOR. However, the related agreements have provisions in place that provide for an alternative to LIBOR upon its phase-out. See Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion of the transition away from LIBOR.
At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company pledged MSR with a carrying value of $500.0 million and $500.0 million and weighted average underlying loan coupon of 3.30% and 3.36%, respectively, as collateral for term notes payable. Additionally, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $0.2 million and $0.2 million of cash was held in restricted accounts as collateral for the future payment obligations of outstanding term notes payable, respectively.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Note 14. Convertible Senior Notes
In January 2017, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2022 (“2022 notes”). The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $282.2 million after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the offering of 2026 notes (defined below) to fund the repurchase via privately negotiated transactions of $143.7 million principal amount of its 2022 notes. As of December 31, 2021, $143.8 million principal amount of the 2022 notes remained outstanding, and these remaining 2022 notes matured pursuant to their terms in January 2022. The 2022 notes were unsecured, paid interest semiannually at a rate of 6.25% per annum and were convertible at the option of the holder into shares of the Company’s common stock. As of December 31, 2021, the 2022 notes had a conversion rate of 63.2040 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the notes.
In February 2021, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2026 (“2026 notes”). The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $279.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The 2026 notes are unsecured, pay interest semiannually at a rate of 6.25% per annum and are convertible at the option of the holder into shares of the Company’s common stock. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the 2026 notes had a conversion rate of 135.5014 and 135.5014 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, respectively. The 2026 notes will mature in January 2026, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The Company does not have the right to redeem the 2026 notes prior to maturity, but may repurchase the 2026 notes in open market or privately negotiated transactions at the same or differing price without giving prior notice to or obtaining any consent of the holders. The Company may also be required to repurchase the notes from holders under certain circumstances.
The aggregate outstanding amount due on the 2026 notes as of June 30, 2022 and the 2022 notes and 2026 notes as of December 31, 2021 was $281.7 million and $424.8 million, respectively, net of deferred issuance costs.
Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies
The following represent the material commitments and contingencies of the Company as of June 30, 2022:
Legal and regulatory. From time to time, the Company may be subject to liability under laws and government regulations and various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Under ASC 450, Contingencies, or ASC 450, liabilities are established for legal claims when payments associated with the claims become probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving legal claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts established or the range of reasonably possible loss disclosed for those claims.
As previously disclosed, on July 15, 2020, the Company provided PRCM Advisers with a notice of termination of the Management Agreement for “cause” in accordance with Section 15(a) of the Management Agreement. The Company terminated the Management Agreement for “cause” on the basis of certain material breaches and certain events of gross negligence on the part of PRCM Advisers in the performance of its duties under the Management Agreement. On July 21, 2020, PRCM Advisers filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, or the Court. Subsequently, Pine River Domestic Management L.P. and Pine River Capital Management L.P. were added as plaintiffs to the matter. As amended, the complaint, or the Federal Complaint, alleges, among other things, the misappropriation of trade secrets in violation of both the Defend Trade Secrets Act and New York common law, breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, unfair competition and business practices, unjust enrichment, conversion, and tortious interference with contract. The Federal Complaint seeks, among other things, an order enjoining the Company from making any use of or disclosing PRCM Advisers’ trade secret, proprietary, or confidential information; damages in an amount to be determined at a hearing and/or trial; disgorgement of the Company’s wrongfully obtained profits; and fees and costs incurred by the plaintiffs in pursuing the action. The Company has filed its answer to the Federal Complaint and made counterclaims against PRCM Advisers and Pine River Capital Management L.P. On May 5, 2022, the plaintiffs filed a motion for judgement on the pleadings, seeking judgement in their favor on all but one of the Company’s counterclaims and on one of the Company’s affirmative defenses. The Company has opposed the motion for judgement on the pleadings, which is pending with the Court. Discovery has commenced and is ongoing. The Company’s board of directors believes the Federal Complaint is without merit and that the Company has fully complied with the terms of the Management Agreement.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements do not recognize a contingency liability or disclose a range of reasonably possible loss under ASC 450 because management does not believe that a loss or expense related to the Federal Complaint is probable or reasonably estimable. The specific factors that limit the Company’s ability to reasonably estimate a loss or expense related to the Federal Complaint include that the matter is in early stages and no amount of damages has been specified. If and when management believes losses associated with the Federal Complaint are a probable future event that may result in a loss or expense to the Company and the loss or expense is reasonably estimable, the Company will recognize a contingency liability and resulting loss in such period.
Based on information currently available, management is not aware of any other legal or regulatory claims that would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and therefore no accrual is required as of June 30, 2022.
Note 16. Stockholders’ Equity
Redeemable Preferred Stock
The following is a summary of the Company’s series of cumulative redeemable preferred stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022. In the event of a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, each series of preferred stock will rank on parity with one another and rank senior to the Company’s common stock with respect to the payment of the dividends and the distribution of assets.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class of Stock | | Issuance Date | | Shares Issued and Outstanding | | Carrying Value | | Contractual Rate | | Redemption Eligible Date (1) | | Fixed to Floating Rate Conversion Date (2) | | Floating Annual Rate (3) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Series A | | March 14, 2017 | | 5,750,000 | | | $ | 138,872 | | | 8.125 | % | | April 27, 2027 | | April 27, 2027 | | 3M LIBOR + 5.660% |
Series B | | July 19, 2017 | | 11,500,000 | | | 278,094 | | | 7.625 | % | | July 27, 2027 | | July 27, 2027 | | 3M LIBOR + 5.352% |
Series C | | November 27, 2017 | | 11,800,000 | | | 285,584 | | | 7.250 | % | | January 27, 2025 | | January 27, 2025 | | 3M LIBOR + 5.011% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | 29,050,000 | | | $ | 702,550 | | | | | | | | | |
____________________
(1)Subject to the Company’s right under limited circumstances to redeem the preferred stock earlier than the redemption eligible date disclosed in order to preserve its qualification as a REIT or following a change in control of the Company.
(2)The dividend rate on the fixed-to-floating rate redeemable preferred stock will remain at an annual fixed rate of the $25.00 per share liquidation preference from the issuance date up to but not including the transition date disclosed within. Effective as of the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date and onward, dividends will accumulate on a floating rate basis according to the terms disclosed in footnote (3) below.
(3)On and after the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, the dividend will accumulate and be payable quarterly at a percentage of the $25.00 per share liquidation preference equal to an annual floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus the spread indicated within each preferred class. Each series that becomes callable at the time the stock begins to pay a LIBOR-based rate has existing LIBOR cessation fallback language.
For each series of preferred stock, the Company may redeem the stock on or after the redemption date in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time. The Company may also purchase shares of preferred stock from time to time in the open market by tender or in privately negotiated transactions. Each series of preferred stock has a par value of $0.01 per share and a liquidation and redemption price of $25.00, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon up to, but excluding, the redemption date. Through June 30, 2022, the Company had declared and paid all required quarterly dividends on the Company’s preferred stock.
On February 4, 2021, the Company announced the redemption of all outstanding shares of the Company’s 7.75% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and 7.5% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. The redemption date for each series was March 15, 2021 and holders of record as of such date received the redemption payment of $25.00, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon up to, but excluding, the redemption date.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Preferred Share Repurchase Program
On June 22, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock, which includes each series shown in the table above under the heading Redeemable Preferred Stock. Preferred shares may be repurchased from time to time through privately negotiated transactions or open market transactions, pursuant to trading plans in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, or by any combination of such methods. The manner, price, number and timing of preferred share repurchases are subject to a variety of factors, including market conditions and applicable SEC rules. The preferred share repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares, and, subject to SEC rules, purchases may be commenced or suspended at any time without prior notice. The preferred share repurchase program does not have an expiration date. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had not yet repurchased any preferred shares.
Common Stock
Public Offerings
On July 14, 2021, the Company completed a public offering of 40,000,000 shares of its common stock. The underwriters purchased the shares from the Company at a price of $6.42 per share, for net proceeds to the Company of approximately $256.5 million after deducting offering expenses. The underwriters did not exercise any portion of their 30-day overallotment option to purchase up to 6,000,000 additional shares.
On October 28, 2021, the Company completed a public offering of 30,000,000 shares of its common stock. The underwriters purchased the shares from the Company at a price of $6.468 per share, for net proceeds to the Company of approximately $193.7 million after deducting offering expenses. The underwriters did not exercise any portion of their 30-day overallotment option to purchase up to 4,500,000 additional shares.
As of June 30, 2022, the Company had 344,433,109 shares of common stock outstanding. The following table presents a reconciliation of the common shares outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | |
| Number of common shares |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Common shares outstanding, December 31, 2020 | 273,703,882 | |
Issuance of common stock | 27,018 | |
| |
Non-cash equity award compensation (1) | (12,589) | |
Common shares outstanding, June 30, 2021 | 273,718,311 | |
| |
Common shares outstanding, December 31, 2021 | 343,911,324 | |
Issuance of common stock | 36,152 | |
| |
Non-cash equity award compensation (1) | 485,633 | |
Common shares outstanding, June 30, 2022 | 344,433,109 | |
____________________
(1)See Note 17 - Equity Incentive Plans for further details regarding the Company’s Equity Incentive Plans.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Distributions to Stockholders
The following table presents cash dividends declared by the Company on its preferred and common stock during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30, | | June 30, |
(dollars in thousands) | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
Class of Stock | | Amount | | Per Share | | Amount | | Per Share | | Amount | | Per Share | | Amount | | Per Share | | | | |
Series A Preferred Stock | | $ | 2,920 | | | $ | 0.51 | | | $ | 2,920 | | | $ | 0.51 | | | $ | 5,840 | | | $ | 1.02 | | | $ | 5,840 | | | $ | 1.02 | | | | | |
Series B Preferred Stock | | $ | 5,481 | | | $ | 0.48 | | | $ | 5,480 | | | $ | 0.48 | | | $ | 10,961 | | | $ | 0.96 | | | $ | 10,960 | | | $ | 0.96 | | | | | |
Series C Preferred Stock | | $ | 5,347 | | | $ | 0.45 | | | $ | 5,347 | | | $ | 0.45 | | | $ | 10,694 | | | $ | 0.90 | | | $ | 10,694 | | | $ | 0.90 | | | | | |
Series D Preferred Stock (1) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 969 | | | $ | 0.32 | | | | | |
Series E Preferred Stock (1) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,500 | | | $ | 0.31 | | | | | |
Common Stock | | $ | 58,844 | | | $ | 0.17 | | | $ | 46,759 | | | $ | 0.17 | | | $ | 117,655 | | | $ | 0.34 | | | $ | 93,395 | | | $ | 0.34 | | | | | |
____________________
(1)On March 15, 2021, the Company redeemed all outstanding shares of the Company’s Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock. Holders of record as of such date received the redemption payment of $25.00, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon up to, but excluding, the redemption date.
Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan
The Company sponsors a dividend reinvestment and direct stock purchase plan through which stockholders may purchase additional shares of the Company’s common stock by reinvesting some or all of the cash dividends received on shares of the Company’s common stock. Stockholders may also make optional cash purchases of shares of the Company’s common stock subject to certain limitations detailed in the plan prospectus. The plan allows for the issuance of up to an aggregate of 3,750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of June 30, 2022, 420,184 shares have been issued under the plan for total proceeds of approximately $5.9 million, of which 16,680 and 36,152 shares were issued for total proceeds of $0.1 million and $0.2 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, 12,363 and 27,018 shares were issued for a total proceeds of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
Common Share Repurchase Program
The Company’s common share repurchase program allows for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of 37,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Common shares may be repurchased from time to time through privately negotiated transactions or open market transactions, pursuant to a trading plan in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Exchange Act, or by any combination of such methods. The manner, price, number and timing of common share repurchases are subject to a variety of factors, including market conditions and applicable SEC rules. The common share repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares, and, subject to SEC rules, purchases may be commenced or suspended at any time without prior notice. The common share repurchase program does not have an expiration date. As of June 30, 2022, a total of 12,174,300 common shares had been repurchased by the Company under the program for an aggregate cost of $201.5 million. No common shares were repurchased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.
At-the-Market Offerings
The Company is party to an amended and restated equity distribution agreement under which the Company is authorized to sell up to an aggregate of 35,000,000 shares of its common stock from time to time in any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. As of June 30, 2022, 7,502,435 shares of common stock had been sold under the equity distribution agreements for total accumulated net proceeds of approximately $128.7 million. No shares were sold during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Available-for-sale securities: | | | |
Unrealized gains | $ | 57,769 | | | $ | 208,619 | |
Unrealized losses | (207,479) | | | (22,273) | |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | $ | (149,710) | | | $ | 186,346 | |
Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The Company reclassifies unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income to net (loss) income upon the recognition of any realized gains and losses on sales, net of income tax effects, if any, as individual securities are sold. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 the Company reclassified $137.6 million and $129.3 million, respectively, in unrealized gains on sold AFS securities from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income to (loss) gain on investment securities on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 the Company reclassified $5.1 million and $73.7 million, respectively, in unrealized gains on sold AFS securities from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income to (loss) gain on investment securities on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
Note 17. Equity Incentive Plans
On May 19, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2021 Plan, which replaced the Second Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2009 Plan. The 2021 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 17,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to awards granted thereunder. Awards previously granted under the 2009 Plan remain outstanding and valid in accordance with their terms, but no new awards will be granted under the 2009 Plan.
The Company’s 2009 Plan and 2021 Plan, or collectively, the Equity Incentive Plans, provide incentive compensation to attract and retain qualified directors, officers, personnel and other parties who may provide significant services to the Company. The Equity Incentive Plans are administered by the compensation committee of the Company’s board of directors. The compensation committee has the full authority to administer and interpret the Equity Incentive Plans, to authorize the granting of awards, to determine the eligibility of potential recipients to receive an award, to determine the number of shares of common stock to be covered by each award (subject to the individual participant limitations provided in the Equity Incentive Plans), to determine the terms, provisions and conditions of each award (which may not be inconsistent with the terms of the Equity Incentive Plans), to prescribe the form of instruments evidencing awards and to take any other actions and make all other determinations that it deems necessary or appropriate in connection with the Equity Incentive Plans or the administration or interpretation thereof. In connection with this authority, the compensation committee may, among other things, establish performance goals that must be met in order for awards to be granted or to vest, or for the restrictions on any such awards to lapse.
The Equity Incentive Plans provide for grants of restricted common stock, restricted stock units, or RSUs, performance-based awards (including performance share units, or PSUs), phantom shares, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based awards. The 2021 Plan is subject to a ceiling of 17,000,000 shares and the 2009 Plan is subject to a ceiling of 6,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock; however, following stockholder approval of the 2021 Plan, no new awards will be granted under the 2009 Plan. The Equity Incentive Plans allow for the Company’s board of directors to expand the types of awards available under the Equity Incentive Plans to include long-term incentive plan units in the future. If an award granted under the Equity Incentive Plans expires or terminates, the shares subject to any portion of the award that expires or terminates without having been exercised or paid, as the case may be, will again become available for the issuance of additional awards. Unless earlier terminated by the Company’s board of directors, no new award may be granted under the Equity Incentive Plans after the tenth anniversary of the date that the Equity Incentive Plans were approved by the Company’s board of directors. No award may be granted under the Equity Incentive Plans to any person who, assuming payment of all awards held by such person, would own or be deemed to own more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes the activity related to RSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
| Units | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Market Value | | Units | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Market Value |
Outstanding at Beginning of Period | 1,173,702 | | | $ | 7.10 | | | — | | | $ | — | |
Granted | 1,075,437 | | | 5.25 | | | 1,336,717 | | | 7.10 | |
Vested | (489,354) | | | (7.11) | | | — | | | — | |
Forfeited | (52,609) | | | (5.92) | | | — | | | — | |
Outstanding at End of Period | 1,707,176 | | | $ | 5.97 | | | 1,336,717 | | | $ | 7.10 | |
The estimated fair value of RSUs on grant date is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE on such date. The shares underlying RSUs granted to independent directors are subject to a one-year vesting period. RSUs granted to certain eligible employees vest in three equal annual installments commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date, as long as such grantee complies with the terms and conditions of the applicable RSU agreement. All RSUs entitle the grantee to receive dividend equivalent rights, or DERs, during the vesting period. A DER represents the right to receive a payment equal to the amount of cash dividends declared and payable on the grantee’s unvested and outstanding equity incentive awards. In the case of RSUs, DERs are paid in cash within 60 days of the quarterly dividend payment date based on the number of unvested and outstanding RSUs held by the grantee on the applicable dividend record date. In the event that an RSU is forfeited, the related DERs which have not yet been paid shall be forfeited.
Performance Share Units
The following table summarizes the activity related to PSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
| Target Units | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Market Value | | Target Units | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Market Value |
Outstanding at Beginning of Period | 437,424 | | | $ | 8.67 | | | — | | | $ | — | |
Granted | 605,251 | | | 5.45 | | | 511,473 | | | 8.67 | |
Vested | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Forfeited | (32,891) | | | (6.82) | | | (73,077) | | | (8.67) | |
Outstanding at End of Period | 1,009,784 | | | $ | 6.80 | | | 438,396 | | | $ | 8.67 | |
The estimated fair value of PSUs on grant date is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. PSUs vest promptly following the completion of a three year performance period, as long as such grantee complies with the terms and conditions of the applicable PSU award agreement. The number of underlying shares of common stock that vest and that the grantee becomes entitled to receive at the time of vesting will be determined based on the level of achievement of certain Company performance goals during the performance period and will generally range from 0% to 200% of the target number of PSUs granted. All PSUs entitle the grantee to DERs during the vesting period, which accrue in the form of additional PSUs reflecting the value of any dividends declared on the Company’s common stock during the vesting period. In the event that a PSU is forfeited, the related accrued DERs shall be forfeited.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Restricted Common Stock
The following table summarizes the activity related to restricted common stock for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
| Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Market Value | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Market Value |
Outstanding at Beginning of Period | 452,957 | | | $ | 15.04 | | | 1,221,995 | | | $ | 13.61 | |
Granted | — | | | — | | | 20,979 | | | 7.15 | |
Vested | (276,765) | | | (14.93) | | | (681,514) | | | (12.70) | |
Forfeited | (3,721) | | | (15.23) | | | (33,568) | | | (5.07) | |
Outstanding at End of Period | 172,471 | | | $ | 15.23 | | | 527,892 | | | $ | 15.06 | |
The estimated fair value of restricted common stock on grant date is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE on such date. The shares underlying restricted common stock grants to independent directors in 2021 vested immediately. The shares underlying restricted common stock grants to independent directors prior to 2021 were subject to a one-year vesting period. The shares underlying restricted common stock grants to the Company’s executive officers and other eligible individuals vest in three equal annual installments commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date, as long as such grantee complies with the terms and conditions of the applicable restricted stock award agreement.
Non-Cash Equity Compensation Expense
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized compensation related to RSUs, PSUs and restricted common stock granted pursuant to the Equity Incentive Plans of $3.5 million and $7.6 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized compensation related to restricted common stock granted pursuant to the Equity Incentive Plans of $4.6 million and $6.4 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had $6.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.2 years.
Note 18. Income Taxes
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As long as the Company qualifies as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on its taxable income to the extent it annually distributes its net taxable income to stockholders, and does not engage in prohibited transactions. The Company intends to distribute 100% of its REIT taxable income and comply with all requirements to continue to qualify as a REIT. The majority of states also recognize the Company’s REIT status. The Company’s TRSs file separate tax returns and are fully taxed as standalone U.S. C corporations. It is assumed that the Company will retain its REIT status and will incur no REIT level taxation as it intends to comply with the REIT regulations and annual distribution requirements.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company’s TRSs recognized a provision for income taxes of $25.9 million and $74.7 million, respectively, which was primarily due to income from MSR servicing activities and gains recognized on MSR, offset by net losses recognized on derivative instruments and operating expenses. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company’s TRSs recognized a benefit from income taxes of $20.9 million, which was primarily due to losses recognized on MSR, offset by net gains recognized on derivative instruments held in the Company’s TRSs. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company’s TRSs recognized a provision for income taxes of $1.8 million, which was primarily due to gains recognized on MSR, offset by net losses recognized on derivative instruments held in the Company’s TRSs.
Based on the Company’s evaluation, it has been concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements of a contingent tax liability for uncertain tax positions. Additionally, there were no amounts accrued for penalties or interest as of or during the periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Note 19. Earnings Per Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of the (loss) earnings and shares used in calculating basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30, | | June 30, |
| (in thousands, except share data) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
| Basic (Loss) Earnings Per Share: | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Net (loss) income | $ | (72,420) | | | $ | (117,960) | | | $ | 212,850 | | | $ | 122,197 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Dividends on preferred stock | 13,748 | | | 13,747 | | | 27,495 | | | 30,963 | | | |
| Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating restricted stock units | 290 | | | 227 | | | 910 | | | 331 | | | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders, basic | $ | (86,458) | | | $ | (131,934) | | | $ | 184,445 | | | $ | 90,903 | | | |
| Basic weighted average common shares | 344,277,723 | | | 273,718,561 | | | 344,138,889 | | | 273,714,684 | | | |
| Basic (loss) earnings per weighted average common share | $ | (0.25) | | | $ | (0.48) | | | $ | 0.54 | | | $ | 0.33 | | | |
| Diluted (Loss) Earnings Per Share: | | | | | | | | | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders, basic | $ | (86,458) | | | $ | (131,934) | | | $ | 184,445 | | | $ | 90,903 | | | |
| Reallocation impact of undistributed earnings to participating restricted stock units | — | | | — | | | (8) | | | (11) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense attributable to convertible notes (1) | — | | | — | | | 9,843 | | | 7,908 | | | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders, diluted | $ | (86,458) | | | $ | (131,934) | | | $ | 194,280 | | | $ | 98,800 | | | |
| Basic weighted average common shares | 344,277,723 | | | 273,718,561 | | | 344,138,889 | | | 273,714,684 | | | |
| Effect of dilutive shares issued in an assumed vesting of performance share units | — | | | — | | | 543,480 | | | — | | | |
| Effect of dilutive shares issued in an assumed conversion | — | | | — | | | 39,659,522 | | | 32,284,519 | | | |
| Diluted weighted average common shares | 344,277,723 | | | 273,718,561 | | | 384,341,891 | | | 305,999,203 | | | |
| Diluted (loss) earnings per weighted average common share | $ | (0.25) | | | $ | (0.48) | | | $ | 0.51 | | | $ | 0.32 | | | |
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___________________
(1)If applicable, includes a nondiscretionary adjustment for the assumed change in the management fee calculation.
For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share was the effect of adding undistributed earnings reallocated to 1,775,985 and 954,763 weighted average participating RSUs, respectively, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, participating RSUs were included in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share under the two-class method, as it was more dilutive than the alternative treasury stock method.
For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, PSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the assumed vesting of outstanding PSUs was included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share under the two-class method, as it was more dilutive than the alternative treasury stock method.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
For the three months ended June 30, 2022, excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share was the effect of adding back $4.8 million of interest expense and 38,956,653 weighted average common share equivalents related to the assumed conversion of the Company’s convertible senior notes, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the assumed conversion of the Company’s convertible senior notes was included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share under the if-converted method.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share was the effect of adding back $7.1 million and $5.6 million of interest expense and 48,043,744 and 13,789,691 weighted average common share equivalents, respectively, related to the assumed conversion of the Company’s convertible senior notes, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive. For the three months ended June 30, 2021, both the 2022 notes and the 2026 notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, only the 2022 notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share, and the assumed conversion of the Company’s 2026 notes was included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share under the if-converted method.
Note 20. Subsequent Events
On August 2, 2022, Matrix Financial Services Corporation, or Matrix, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a definitive stock purchase agreement to acquire RoundPoint Mortgage Servicing Corporation, or RoundPoint, from Freedom Mortgage Corporation. In connection with the acquisition, Matrix has agreed to pay a purchase price upon closing in an amount equal to the tangible net book value of RoundPoint, plus a premium amount of $10.5 million, subject to certain additional post-closing adjustments.
In connection with the transaction, RoundPoint will divest its retail origination business as well as its RPX servicing exchange platform. Matrix has also agreed to engage RoundPoint as a subservicer prior to the closing date and expects to begin transferring loans to RoundPoint in the fourth quarter of 2022. Upon closing, all servicing licenses and operational capabilities will remain with RoundPoint, and RoundPoint will become a wholly owned subsidiary of Matrix. The parties expect to close the transaction in 2023, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions and the receipt of required regulatory and GSE approvals.
Events subsequent to June 30, 2022 were evaluated through the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued and no other additional events were identified requiring further disclosure in these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
General
We are a Maryland corporation focused on investing in and managing Agency residential mortgage-backed securities, or Agency RMBS, mortgage servicing rights, or MSR, and other financial assets, which we collectively refer to as our target assets. We operate as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, as defined under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code.
Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted total return to our stockholders over the long term, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. We acquire and manage an investment portfolio of our target assets, which include the following:
•Agency RMBS (which includes inverse interest-only Agency securities classified as “Agency Derivatives” for purposes of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP), meaning RMBS whose principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (or Ginnie Mae), or a U.S. government sponsored enterprise, or GSE, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (or Fannie Mae) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (or Freddie Mac);
•MSR; and
•Other financial assets comprising approximately 5% to 10% of the portfolio.
Our Agency RMBS portfolio is comprised primarily of fixed rate mortgage-backed securities backed by single-family and multi-family mortgage loans. All of our principal and interest Agency RMBS are Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through certificates or collateralized mortgage obligations that carry an implied rating of “AAA,” or Ginnie Mae mortgage pass-through certificates, which are backed by the guarantee of the U.S. government. The majority of these securities consist of whole pools in which we own all of the investment interests in the securities.
Within our MSR business, we acquire MSR assets, which represent the right to control the servicing of residential mortgage loans and the obligation to service the loans in accordance with relevant standards, from high-quality originators. We do not directly service the mortgage loans underlying the MSR we acquire; rather, we contract with appropriately licensed third-party subservicers to handle substantially all servicing functions in the name of the subservicer. As the servicer of record, however, we remain accountable to the GSEs for all servicing matters and, accordingly, provide substantial oversight of each of our subservicers. We believe MSR are a natural fit for our portfolio over the long term. Our MSR business leverages our core competencies in prepayment and credit risk analytics and the MSR assets provide offsetting risks to our Agency RMBS, hedging both interest rate and mortgage spread risk.
For the three months ended June 30, 2022, our net spread realized on the portfolio was higher than recent quarters due to higher MSR servicing income, net of estimated amortization, as well as higher coupon and lower amortization on Agency RMBS due to slower prepayment speeds, offset by higher cost of financing due to rising interest rates and an increase in interest rate swap spread expense. The following table provides the average portfolio yield and cost of financing on our assets for the three months ended June 30, 2022, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended |
| June 30, 2022 | | March 31, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 | | September 30, 2021 | | June 30, 2021 |
Average portfolio yield (1) | 4.39% | | 3.90% | | 3.72% | | 3.33% | | 2.72% |
Average cost of financing (2) | 1.13% | | 1.01% | | 0.73% | | 0.78% | | 0.79% |
Net spread | 3.26% | | 2.89% | | 2.99% | | 2.55% | | 1.93% |
____________________
(1)Average portfolio yield includes interest income on Agency RMBS and non-Agency securities and MSR servicing income, net of estimated amortization, and servicing expenses. Beginning with the three months ended June 30, 2022, average portfolio yield also includes the implied asset yield portion of dollar roll income on TBAs. MSR estimated amortization refers to the portion of change in fair value of MSR primarily attributed to the realization of expected cash flows (runoff) of the portfolio, which is deemed a non-GAAP measure due to the company’s decision to account for MSR at fair value. TBA dollar roll income is the non-GAAP economic equivalent to holding and financing Agency RMBS using short-term repurchase agreements.
(2)Average cost of financing includes interest expense and amortization of deferred debt issuance costs on borrowings and interest spread income/expense and amortization of upfront payments made or received upon entering into interest rate swap agreements. Beginning with the three months ended June 30, 2022, average cost of financing also includes the implied financing benefit/cost portion of dollar roll income on TBAs. TBA dollar roll income is the non-GAAP economic equivalent to holding and financing Agency RMBS using short-term repurchase agreements.
We seek to deploy moderate leverage as part of our investment strategy. We generally finance our Agency RMBS securities through short- and long-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. We also finance our MSR through revolving credit facilities, repurchase agreements, term notes payable and convertible senior notes.
Our Agency RMBS, given their liquidity and high credit quality, are eligible for higher levels of leverage, while MSR, with less liquidity and/or more exposure to prepayment, utilize lower levels of leverage. As a result, our debt-to-equity ratio is determined by our portfolio mix as well as many additional factors, including the liquidity of our portfolio, the availability and price of our financing, the diversification of our counterparties and their available capacity to finance our assets, and anticipated regulatory developments. Our debt-to-equity ratio is also directly correlated to the composition of our portfolio; specifically, the higher percentage of Agency RMBS we hold, the higher our debt-to-equity ratio is. We may alter the percentage allocation of our portfolio among our target assets depending on the relative value of the assets that are available to purchase from time to time, including at times when we are deploying proceeds from offerings we conduct. See Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Condition - Financing” for further discussion.
We recognize that investing in our target assets is competitive and we compete with other entities for attractive investment opportunities. We believe that our significant focus in the residential market, the extensive mortgage market expertise of our investment team, our operational capabilities to invest in MSR, our strong analytics and our disciplined relative value investment approach give us a competitive advantage versus our peers.
We have elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To qualify as a REIT we are required to meet certain investment and operating tests and annual distribution requirements. We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually distribute all of our net taxable income to stockholders, do not participate in prohibited transactions and maintain our intended qualification as a REIT. However, certain activities that we may perform may cause us to earn income which will not be qualifying income for REIT purposes. We have designated certain of our subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs, as defined in the Code, to engage in such activities. We also operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act. While we do not currently originate or directly service residential mortgage loans, certain of our subsidiaries have obtained the requisite licenses and approvals to own and manage MSR.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, or incorporates by reference, not only historical information, but also forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, and that are subject to the safe harbors created by such sections. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ from our beliefs, expectations, estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “target,” “believe,” “intend,” “seek,” “plan,” “goals,” “future,” “likely,” “may” and similar expressions or their negative forms, or by references to strategy, plans, or intentions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, under the caption “Risk Factors.” Other risks, uncertainties and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected are described below and may be described from time to time in reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Important factors, among others, that may affect our actual results include:
•changes in interest rates and the market value of our target assets;
•changes in prepayment rates of mortgages underlying our target assets;
•the state of the credit markets and other general economic conditions, particularly as they affect the price of earning assets, the credit status of borrowers and home prices;
•the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the actions taken by federal and state governmental authorities and GSEs in response, on the U.S. economy, financial markets and our target assets;
•legislative and regulatory actions affecting our business;
•the availability and cost of our target assets;
•the availability and cost of financing for our target assets, including repurchase agreement financing, revolving credit facilities, term notes and convertible notes;
•the impact of any increases in payment delinquencies and defaults on the mortgages comprising and underlying our target assets, including additional servicing costs and servicing advance obligations on the MSR assets we own;
•changes in liquidity in the market for real estate securities, the re-pricing of credit risk in the capital markets, inaccurate ratings of securities by rating agencies, rating agency downgrades of securities, and increases in the supply of real estate securities available-for-sale;
•changes in the values of securities we own and the impact of adjustments reflecting those changes on our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and balance sheets, including our stockholders’ equity;
•our ability to generate cash flow from our target assets;
•our ability to effectively execute and realize the benefits of strategic transactions and initiatives we have pursued or may in the future pursue;
•our decision to terminate our Management Agreement with PRCM Advisers LLC and the ongoing litigation related to such termination;
•changes in the competitive landscape within our industry, including changes that may affect our ability to attract and retain personnel;
•our exposure to legal and regulatory claims, penalties or enforcement activities, including those arising from our ownership and management of MSR and prior securitization transactions;
•our exposure to counterparties involved in our MSR business and prior securitization transactions and our ability to enforce representations and warranties made by them;
•our ability to acquire MSR and successfully operate our seller-servicer subsidiary and oversee the activities of our subservicers;
•our ability to manage various operational and regulatory risks associated with our business;
•interruptions in or impairments to our communications and information technology systems;
•our ability to maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting;
•our ability to establish, adjust and maintain appropriate hedges for the risks in our portfolio;
•our ability to maintain our REIT qualification for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and
•limitations imposed on our business due to our REIT status and our status as exempt from registration under the 1940 Act.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain statistics and other data that, in some cases, have been obtained or compiled from information made available by mortgage loan servicers and other third-party service providers.
Factors Affecting our Operating Results
Our net interest income includes income from our securities portfolio, including the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts. Net interest income, as well as our servicing income, net of subservicing expenses, will fluctuate primarily as a result of changes in market interest rates, our financing costs and prepayment speeds on our assets. Interest rates, financing costs and prepayment rates vary according to the type of investment, conditions in the financial markets, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty.
Fair Value Measurement
A significant portion of our assets and liabilities are reported at fair value and, therefore, our condensed consolidated balance sheets and statements of comprehensive loss are significantly affected by fluctuations in market prices. At June 30, 2022, approximately 87.7% of our total assets, or $12.0 billion, consisted of financial instruments recorded at fair value. See Note 10 - Fair Value to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for descriptions of valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models and significant assumptions utilized. Although we execute various hedging strategies to mitigate our exposure to changes in fair value, we cannot fully eliminate our exposure to volatility caused by fluctuations in market prices.
Any temporary change in the fair value of our AFS securities, excluding certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option, is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income and does not impact our reported income (loss) for U.S. GAAP purposes, or GAAP net income (loss). However, changes in the provision for credit losses on AFS securities are recognized immediately in GAAP net income (loss). Our GAAP net income (loss) is also affected by fluctuations in market prices on the remainder of our financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, including interest rate swap, cap and swaption agreements and certain other derivative instruments (i.e., Agency to-be-announced securities, or TBAs, options on TBAs, futures, options on futures, and inverse interest-only securities), which are accounted for as derivative trading instruments under U.S. GAAP, fair value option elected AFS securities and MSR.
We have numerous internal controls in place to help ensure the appropriateness of fair value measurements. Significant fair value measures are subject to detailed analytics and management review and approval. Our entire investment portfolio reported at fair value is priced by third-party brokers and/or by independent pricing vendors. We generally receive three or more broker and vendor quotes on pass-through Agency P&I RMBS, and generally receive multiple broker or vendor quotes on all other securities, including interest-only Agency RMBS and inverse interest-only Agency RMBS. We also receive multiple vendor quotes for the MSR in our investment portfolio. For Agency RMBS, the third-party pricing vendors and brokers use pricing models that commonly incorporate such factors as coupons, primary and secondary mortgage rates, rate reset periods, issuer, prepayment speeds, credit enhancements and expected life of the security. For MSR, vendors use pricing models that generally incorporate observable inputs such as principal balance, note rate, geographical location, loan-to-value (LTV) ratios, FICO, appraised value and other loan characteristics, along with observed market yields and trading levels. Pricing vendors will customarily incorporate loan servicing cost, servicing fee, ancillary income, and earnings rate on escrow as observable inputs. Unobservable or model-driven inputs include forecast cumulative defaults, default curve, forecast loss severity and forecast voluntary prepayment.
We evaluate the prices we receive from both third-party brokers and pricing vendors by comparing those prices to actual purchase and sale transactions, our internally modeled prices calculated based on market observable rates and credit spreads, and to each other both in current and prior periods. We review and may challenge valuations from third-party brokers and pricing vendors to ensure that such quotes and valuations are indicative of fair value as a result of this analysis. We then estimate the fair value of each security based upon the median of the final broker quotes received, and we estimate the fair value of MSR based upon the average of prices received from third-party vendors, subject to internally-established hierarchy and override procedures.
We utilize “bid side” pricing for our Agency RMBS and, as a result, certain assets, especially the most recent purchases, may realize a markdown due to the “bid-offer” spread. To the extent that this occurs, any economic effect of this would be reflected in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.
Considerable judgment is used in forming conclusions and estimating inputs to our Level 3 fair value measurements. Level 3 inputs such as interest rate movements, prepayments speeds, credit losses and discount rates are inherently difficult to estimate. Changes to these inputs can have a significant effect on fair value measurements. Accordingly, there is no assurance that our estimates of fair value are indicative of the amounts that would be realized on the ultimate sale or exchange of these assets. At June 30, 2022, 24.1% of our total assets were classified as Level 3 fair value assets.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make certain judgments and assumptions, based on information available at the time of our preparation of the financial statements, in determining accounting estimates used in preparation of the statements. Accounting estimates are considered critical if the estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made and if different estimates reasonably could have been used in the reporting period or changes in the accounting estimate are reasonably likely to occur from period to period that would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, included under Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our most critical accounting policies involve our fair valuation of AFS securities, MSR and derivative instruments.
The methods used by us to estimate fair value for AFS securities, MSR and derivative instruments may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while we believe that our valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. We use prices obtained from third-party pricing vendors or broker quotes deemed indicative of market activity and current as of the measurement date, which in periods of market dislocation, may have reduced transparency. For more information on our fair value measurements, see Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, the key economic assumptions and sensitivity of the fair value of MSR to immediate adverse changes in these assumptions are presented in Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Market Conditions and Outlook
The market continued to experience high interest rate and spread volatility during the second quarter as the combined effects of increasing inflation and a slowing economy created uncertainty. With headline inflation reaching 9.1% in June, the U.S. Federal Reserve, or the Fed, moved aggressively to tighten monetary policy. In total, the Fed raised its benchmark rate by 125 basis points during the second quarter, including a 75 basis point increase in June, the largest single meeting increase since 1994. The Fed has communicated that it is strongly committed to continue to do whatever it takes to tame inflation, and the rate market is pricing in another 200 basis points of increases by the end of the year, which would bring the implied U.S. Federal Funds Rate close to 3.5%. Concurrently, U.S. economic growth forecasts have been deteriorating, with some economists now projecting negative GDP in the second quarter. The uncertainty in the path of inflation, growth and monetary policy has contributed to the extreme bond market volatility during 2022.
Mortgage spreads continued to widen during the second quarter along with other risk assets amid the uncertain backdrop. Mortgage spreads were over 20 basis points wider, while the S&P 500 was down over 16% as markets have priced in lower growth and a higher risk of recession. Primary mortgage interest rates breached 6%, the highest levels since 2008. With the majority of outstanding mortgages having interest rates below 3.5%, cash out and turnover activity is expected to be greatly reduced due to the large rate disincentive, bringing prepayment speeds close to their turnover floor.
RMBS funding markets were stable and efficient despite the Fed interest rate increases and uncertainty of the forward path. Spreads on repurchase agreement financing remained attractive at 10 to 12 basis points to SOFR. The heavy use of the Fed’s reverse repurchase agreement facility continued with increased balances hitting another new high at the end of the second quarter of $2.3 billion.
Despite the uncertainty and large re-pricing seen during the second quarter, we believe the longer term outlook for the company is positive. The current environment of wide mortgage spreads presents attractive investment opportunities across a variety of asset classes, while higher volatility allows us to take advantage of relative value opportunities. We expect volatility to eventually subside, which should benefit both MSR and RMBS. Higher mortgage rates should lead inexorably to slow prepayments, which would continue to be a tailwind for our MSR assets. Overall, we are optimistic about the forward outlook for the company and our paired Agency RMBS and MSR portfolio construction.
The following table provides the carrying value of our investment portfolio by product type:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Agency RMBS | $ | 8,701,947 | | | 72.3 | % | | $ | 7,149,399 | | | 76.1 | % |
Mortgage servicing rights | 3,226,191 | | | 26.8 | % | | 2,191,578 | | | 23.3 | % |
Agency Derivatives | 24,068 | | | 0.2 | % | | 40,911 | | | 0.5 | % |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Non-Agency securities | 87,490 | | | 0.7 | % | | 12,304 | | | 0.1 | % |
Total | $ | 12,039,696 | | | | | $ | 9,394,192 | | | |
Prepayment speeds and volatility due to interest rates
Our portfolio is subject to market risks, primarily interest rate risk and prepayment risk. We seek to offset a portion of our Agency pool market value exposure through our MSR and interest-only Agency RMBS portfolios. During periods of decreasing interest rates with rising prepayment speeds, the market value of our Agency pools generally increases and the market value of our interest-only securities and MSR generally decreases. The inverse relationship occurs when interest rates rise and prepayments fall. Interest rates moved even higher during the second quarter, with most mortgages now having a large refinancing disincentive. Looking forward, prepayment speeds are expected to slow further, as even cash out refinance activity should be affected by the continued move in rates. In addition to changes in interest rates, changes in home price performance, key employment metrics and government programs, among other macroeconomic factors, can affect prepayment speeds. We believe our portfolio management approach, including our asset selection process, positions us to respond to a variety of market scenarios. Although we are unable to predict future interest rate movements, our strategy of pairing Agency RMBS with MSR, with a focus on managing various associated risks, including interest rate, prepayment, credit, mortgage spread and financing risk, is intended to generate attractive yields with a low level of sensitivity to changes in the yield curve, prepayments and interest rate cycles.
The following table provides the three-month average constant prepayment rate, or CPR, experienced by our Agency RMBS and MSR during the three months ended June 30, 2022, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended |
| | June 30, 2022 | | March 31, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 | | September 30, 2021 | | June 30, 2021 |
Agency RMBS | | 14.2 | % | | 17.3 | % | | 27.7 | % | | 30.1 | % | | 32.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | 10.0 | % | | 14.2 | % | | 22.1 | % | | 26.7 | % | | 29.0 | % |
Our Agency RMBS are primarily collateralized by pools of fixed-rate mortgage loans. Our Agency portfolio also includes securities with implicit prepayment protection, including lower loan balances (securities collateralized by loans of less than $200,000 in initial principal balance), higher LTVs (securities collateralized by loans with LTVs greater than or equal to 80%), certain geographic concentrations, loans secured by investor-owned properties and lower FICO scores. Our overall allocation of Agency RMBS and holdings of pools with specific characteristics are viewed in the context of our aggregate portfolio strategy, including MSR and related derivative hedging instruments. Additionally, the selection of securities with certain attributes is driven by the perceived relative value of the securities, which factors in the opportunities in the marketplace, the cost of financing and the cost of hedging interest rate, prepayment, credit and other portfolio risks. As a result, Agency RMBS capital allocation reflects management’s flexible approach to investing in the marketplace.
The following tables provide the carrying value of our Agency RMBS portfolio by underlying mortgage loan rate type:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 |
(dollars in thousands) | Principal/ Current Face | | Carrying Value | | | | Weighted Average CPR (1) | | % Prepayment Protected | | Gross Weighted Average Coupon Rate | | Amortized Cost | | Allowance for Credit Losses | | Weighted Average Loan Age (months) |
Agency RMBS AFS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
30-Year Fixed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
≤ 2.5% | $ | 512,388 | | | $ | 463,741 | | | | | 9.9 | % | | 84.2 | % | | 3.4 | % | | $ | 460,271 | | | $ | — | | | 16 |
3.0% | — | | | — | | | | | — | % | | — | % | | — | % | | — | | | — | | | — | |
3.5% | 1,194,159 | | | 1,156,727 | | | | | 6.4 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 4.1 | % | | 1,232,720 | | | — | | | 10 | |
4.0% | 3,489,917 | | | 3,477,167 | | | | | 9.3 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 4.6 | % | | 3,553,206 | | | — | | | 21 | |
4.5% | 2,729,780 | | | 2,782,256 | | | | | 10.7 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 5.1 | % | | 2,812,136 | | | — | | | 23 | |
≥ 5.0% | 629,704 | | | 654,860 | | | | | 13.4 | % | | 99.1 | % | | 5.9 | % | | 653,683 | | | — | | | 40 | |
| 8,555,948 | | | 8,534,751 | | | | | 9.7 | % | | 99.1 | % | | 4.7 | % | | 8,712,016 | | | — | | | 22 | |
Other P&I | 47,060 | | | 49,742 | | | | | 12.8 | % | | — | % | | 6.5 | % | | 51,956 | | | — | | | 232 | |
Interest-only | 1,665,968 | | | 117,454 | | | | | 13.6 | % | | — | % | | 3.8 | % | | 116,302 | | | (9,403) | | | 71 | |
Agency Derivatives | 217,851 | | | 24,068 | | | | | 14.1 | % | | — | % | | 6.7 | % | | 27,360 | | | — | | | 212 | |
Total Agency RMBS | $ | 10,486,827 | | | $ | 8,726,015 | | | | | | | 96.9 | % | | | | $ | 8,907,634 | | | $ | (9,403) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 |
(dollars in thousands) | Principal/ Current Face | | Carrying Value | | | | Weighted Average CPR (1) | | % Prepayment Protected | | Gross Weighted Average Coupon Rate | | Amortized Cost | | Allowance for Credit Losses | | Weighted Average Loan Age (months) |
Agency RMBS AFS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
30-Year Fixed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
≤ 2.5% | $ | 1,243,928 | | | $ | 1,271,382 | | | | | 5.9 | % | | — | % | | 3.3 | % | | $ | 1,272,323 | | | $ | — | | | 3 | |
3.0% | 1,316,662 | | | 1,384,176 | | | | | 9.6 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 3.7 | % | | 1,381,936 | | | — | | | 8 | |
3.5% | 739,922 | | | 789,499 | | | | | 27.3 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 4.2 | % | | 769,989 | | | — | | | 29 | |
4.0% | 1,421,793 | | | 1,543,595 | | | | | 26.5 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 4.6 | % | | 1,478,444 | | | — | | | 49 | |
4.5% | 1,307,504 | | | 1,435,877 | | | | | 27.7 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 5.0 | % | | 1,373,076 | | | — | | | 47 | |
≥ 5.0% | 325,485 | | | 361,746 | | | | | 37.6 | % | | 98.0 | % | | 5.9 | % | | 344,543 | | | — | | | 84 | |
| 6,355,294 | | | 6,786,275 | | | | | 20.5 | % | | 81.2 | % | | 4.3 | % | | 6,620,311 | | | — | | | 31 | |
Other P&I | 56,069 | | | 62,228 | | | | | 53.9 | % | | — | % | | 6.5 | % | | 61,739 | | | — | | | 224 | |
Interest-only | 3,198,447 | | | 300,896 | | | | | 20.2 | % | | — | % | | 3.6 | % | | 305,577 | | | (12,851) | | | 47 | |
Agency Derivatives | 247,101 | | | 40,911 | | | | | 18.6 | % | | — | % | | 6.7 | % | | 33,237 | | | — | | | 206 | |
Total Agency RMBS | $ | 9,856,911 | | | $ | 7,190,310 | | | | | | | 76.6 | % | | | | $ | 7,020,864 | | | $ | (12,851) | | | |
____________________
(1)Weighted average actual one-month CPR released at the beginning of the following month based on RMBS held as of the preceding month-end.
Our MSR business offers attractive spreads and has many risk reducing characteristics when paired with our Agency RMBS portfolio. The following table summarizes activity related to the unpaid principal balance, or UPB, of loans underlying our MSR portfolio for the three months ended June 30, 2022, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended |
(in thousands) | | June 30, 2022 | | March 31, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 | | September 30, 2021 | | June 30, 2021 |
UPB at beginning of period | | $ | 229,415,913 | | | $ | 193,770,566 | | | $ | 194,393,942 | | | $ | 185,209,738 | | | $ | 179,014,244 | |
Purchases of mortgage servicing rights | | 5,720,323 | | | 45,136,996 | | | 13,562,240 | | | 29,347,318 | | | 22,983,402 | |
Sales of mortgage servicing rights | | — | | | — | | | 9,065 | | | (3,633,709) | | | — | |
Scheduled payments | | (1,697,237) | | | (1,572,871) | | | (1,441,835) | | | (1,407,996) | | | (1,283,474) | |
Prepaid | | (6,026,461) | | | (8,249,432) | | | (11,966,741) | | | (14,564,141) | | | (15,119,403) | |
Other changes | | (338,125) | | | 330,654 | | | (786,105) | | | (557,268) | | | (385,031) | |
UPB at end of period | | $ | 227,074,413 | | | $ | 229,415,913 | | | $ | 193,770,566 | | | $ | 194,393,942 | | | $ | 185,209,738 | |
Counterparty exposure and leverage ratio
We monitor counterparty exposure in our broker, banking and lending counterparties on a daily basis. We believe our broker and banking counterparties are well-capitalized organizations, and we attempt to manage our cash balances across these organizations to reduce our exposure to any single counterparty.
As of June 30, 2022, we had entered into repurchase agreements with 39 counterparties, 21 of which had outstanding balances at June 30, 2022. In addition, we held short- and long-term borrowings under revolving credit facilities, long-term term notes payable and long-term unsecured convertible senior notes. As of June 30, 2022, the debt-to-equity ratio funding our AFS securities, MSR and Agency Derivatives, which includes unsecured borrowings under convertible senior notes, was 3.8:1.0.
As of June 30, 2022, we held $511.9 million in cash and cash equivalents, approximately $1.4 billion of unpledged AFS securities and Agency derivatives, which includes $1.3 billion of unsettled Agency RMBS purchases, and $7.6 million of unpledged non-Agency securities. As a result, we had an overall estimated unused borrowing capacity on our unpledged securities of approximately $26.4 million. As of June 30, 2022, we held approximately $46.9 million of unpledged MSR and $64.7 million of unpledged servicing advances. Overall, we had unused committed borrowing capacity on MSR asset and servicing advance financing facilities of $218.8 million and $170.8 million, respectively. Generally, unused borrowing capacity may be the result of our election not to utilize certain financing, as well as delays in the timing in which funding is provided, insufficient collateral or the inability to meet lenders’ eligibility requirements for specific types of asset classes.
We also monitor exposure to our MSR counterparties. We may be required to make representations and warranties to investors in the loans underlying the MSR we own; however, some of our MSR were purchased on a bifurcated basis, meaning the representation and warranty obligations remain with the seller. If the representations and warranties we make prove to be inaccurate, we may be obligated to repurchase certain mortgage loans, which may impact the profitability of our portfolio. Although we obtain similar representations and warranties from the counterparty from which we acquired the relevant asset, if those representations and warranties do not directly mirror those we make to the investor, or if we are unable to enforce the representations and warranties against the counterparty for a variety of reasons, including the financial condition or insolvency of the counterparty, we may not be able to seek indemnification from our counterparties for any losses attributable to the breach.
LIBOR transition
The London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, has been used extensively in the U.S. and globally as a “benchmark” or “reference rate” for various commercial and financial contracts, including corporate and municipal bonds and loans, floating rate mortgages, asset-backed securities, consumer loans, and interest rate swaps and other derivatives. On March 5, 2021, Intercontinental Exchange Inc. announced that ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the administrator of LIBOR, intends to stop publication of the majority of USD-LIBOR tenors on June 30, 2023. In the U.S., the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, or ARRC, has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, as its preferred alternative rate for U.S. dollar-based LIBOR. SOFR is a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is based on directly observable U.S. Treasury-backed repurchase transactions. Numerous industry wide and company-specific transitions as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to LIBOR are in process, if not complete. We have material contracts that are indexed to USD-LIBOR and are monitoring this activity, evaluating the related risks and our exposure, and have already amended terms to transition to an alternative benchmark, where necessary. All of our financing arrangements and derivative instruments that incorporate LIBOR as the referenced rate either mature prior to the phase out of LIBOR or have provisions in place that provide for an alternative to LIBOR upon its phase-out. Additionally, each series of our fixed-to-floating preferred stock that becomes redeemable at the time the stock begins to pay a LIBOR-based rate has existing LIBOR cessation fallback language.
Summary of Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Our GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders was $86.2 million and GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders was $185.4 million ($(0.25) and $0.51 per diluted weighted average share) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders of $131.7 million and GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders of $91.2 million ($(0.48) and $0.32 per diluted weighted average share) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
With our accounting treatment for AFS securities, unrealized fluctuations in the market values of AFS securities, excluding certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option and securities with an allowance for credit losses, do not impact our GAAP net (loss) income or taxable income but are recognized on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as a change in stockholders’ equity under “accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.” For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, net unrealized losses on AFS securities recognized as other comprehensive loss, net of tax, were $4.2 million and $336.1 million, respectively. This, combined with GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders of $86.2 million and GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders of $185.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, resulted in comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders of $90.4 million and $150.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, net unrealized losses on AFS securities recognized as other comprehensive loss, net of tax, were $62.9 million and $334.4 million, respectively. This, combined with GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders of $131.7 million and GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders of $91.2 million, resulted in comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders of $194.6 million and $243.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
Our book value per common share for U.S. GAAP purposes was $5.10 at June 30, 2022, a decrease from $5.87 per common share at December 31, 2021. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders of $150.7 million and declared common dividends of $117.7 million, which drove the overall decrease in book value.
The following tables present the components of our comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands, except share data) | | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
Income Statement Data: | | June 30, | | June 30, |
| | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
| | (unaudited) | | (unaudited) |
Interest income: | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | | $ | 55,399 | | | $ | 43,092 | | | $ | 100,046 | | | $ | 98,744 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Other | | 1,604 | | | 351 | | | 1,803 | | | 808 | | | |
Total interest income | | 57,003 | | | 43,443 | | | 101,849 | | | 99,552 | | | |
Interest expense: | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase agreements | | 19,269 | | | 6,981 | | | 27,612 | | | 15,451 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Revolving credit facilities | | 9,106 | | | 7,075 | | | 14,782 | | | 11,770 | | | |
Term notes payable | | 3,925 | | | 3,225 | | | 7,181 | | | 6,436 | | | |
Convertible senior notes | | 4,801 | | | 7,126 | | | 9,843 | | | 13,476 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | 37,101 | | | 24,407 | | | 59,418 | | | 47,133 | | | |
Net interest income | | 19,902 | | | 19,036 | | | 42,431 | | | 52,419 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Other (loss) income: | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) gain on investment securities | | (197,719) | | | (41,519) | | | (250,061) | | | 91,349 | | | |
Servicing income | | 157,526 | | | 112,816 | | | 294,152 | | | 219,935 | | | |
Gain (loss) on servicing asset | | 85,557 | | | (268,051) | | | 496,181 | | | 59,387 | | | |
Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements | | 32,734 | | | 24,648 | | | (5,307) | | | 9,049 | | | |
(Loss) gain on other derivative instruments | | (101,273) | | | 51,312 | | | (203,035) | | | (224,699) | | | |
Other (loss) income | | (73) | | | 41 | | | (117) | | | (5,701) | | | |
Total other (loss) income | | (23,248) | | | (120,753) | | | 331,813 | | | 149,320 | | | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Servicing expenses | | 22,991 | | | 18,680 | | | 47,695 | | | 43,627 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation and benefits | | 11,019 | | | 11,259 | | | 23,212 | | | 19,447 | | | |
Other operating expenses | | 9,152 | | | 7,218 | | | 15,777 | | | 14,705 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | 43,162 | | | 37,157 | | | 86,684 | | | 77,779 | | | |
(Loss) income before income taxes | | (46,508) | | | (138,874) | | | 287,560 | | | 123,960 | | | |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | 25,912 | | | (20,914) | | | 74,710 | | | 1,763 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income | | (72,420) | | | (117,960) | | | 212,850 | | | 122,197 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends on preferred stock | | 13,748 | | | 13,747 | | | 27,495 | | | 30,963 | | | |
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (86,168) | | | $ | (131,707) | | | $ | 185,355 | | | $ | 91,234 | | | |
Basic (loss) earnings per weighted average common share | | $ | (0.25) | | | $ | (0.48) | | | $ | 0.54 | | | $ | 0.33 | | | |
Diluted (loss) earnings per weighted average common share | | $ | (0.25) | | | $ | (0.48) | | | $ | 0.51 | | | $ | 0.32 | | | |
Dividends declared per common share | | $ | 0.17 | | | $ | 0.17 | | | $ | 0.34 | | | $ | 0.34 | | | |
Weighted average number of shares of common stock: | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | 344,277,723 | | | 273,718,561 | | | 344,138,889 | | | 273,714,684 | | | |
Diluted | | 344,277,723 | | | 273,718,561 | | | 384,341,891 | | | 305,999,203 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
Income Statement Data: | | June 30, | | June 30, |
| | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
| | (unaudited) | | (unaudited) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive loss: | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income | | $ | (72,420) | | | $ | (117,960) | | | $ | 212,850 | | | $ | 122,197 | | | |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities | | (4,211) | | | (62,899) | | | (336,056) | | | (334,352) | | | |
Other comprehensive loss | | (4,211) | | | (62,899) | | | (336,056) | | | (334,352) | | | |
Comprehensive loss | | (76,631) | | | (180,859) | | | (123,206) | | | (212,155) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends on preferred stock | | 13,748 | | | 13,747 | | | 27,495 | | | 30,963 | | | |
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (90,379) | | | $ | (194,606) | | | $ | (150,701) | | | $ | (243,118) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Balance Sheet Data: | | |
| | (unaudited) | | |
Available-for-sale securities | | $ | 8,789,437 | | | $ | 7,161,703 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | $ | 3,226,191 | | | $ | 2,191,578 | |
Total assets | | $ | 13,737,450 | | | $ | 12,114,305 | |
Repurchase agreements | | $ | 7,958,247 | | | $ | 7,656,445 | |
| | | | |
Revolving credit facilities | | $ | 825,761 | | | $ | 420,761 | |
Term notes payable | | $ | 397,383 | | | $ | 396,776 | |
Convertible senior notes | | $ | 281,711 | | | $ | 424,827 | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | $ | 2,483,624 | | | $ | 2,743,953 | |
| | | | |
Results of Operations
The following analysis focuses on financial results during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
Interest Income
Interest income increased from $43.4 million and $99.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 to $57.0 million and $101.8 million for the same periods in 2022 due to higher coupon and lower amortization recognized on Agency RMBS due to slower prepayments.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased from $24.4 million and $47.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, to $37.1 million and $59.4 million for the same periods in 2022 due primarily to the higher interest rate environment as well as an increase in financing on MSR, offset by a decrease in financing on a smaller Agency RMBS portfolio and the maturity of our convertible senior notes due 2022.
Net Interest Income
The following tables present the components of interest income and average net asset yield earned by asset type, the components of interest expense and average cost of funds on borrowings incurred by collateral type, and net interest income and average net interest spread for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 | | |
(dollars in thousands) | Average Balance (1) | | Interest Income/Expense | | Net Yield/Cost of Funds (2) | | Average Balance (1) | | Interest Income/Expense | | Net Yield/Cost of Funds (2) | | | | | | |
Interest-earning assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 7,248,502 | | | $ | 55,399 | | | 3.1 | % | | $ | 7,275,550 | | | $ | 100,046 | | | 2.8 | % | | | | | | |
Other | — | | | 1,604 | | | — | % | | — | | | 1,803 | | | — | % | | | | | | |
Total interest income/net asset yield | $ | 7,248,502 | | | $ | 57,003 | | | 3.1 | % | | $ | 7,275,550 | | | $ | 101,849 | | | 2.8 | % | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Borrowings collateralized by: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 7,012,474 | | | $ | 12,955 | | | 0.7 | % | | $ | 7,301,518 | | | $ | 17,742 | | | 0.5 | % | | | | | | |
Agency Derivatives (3) | 27,074 | | | 93 | | | 1.4 | % | | 30,997 | | | 158 | | | 1.0 | % | | | | | | |
Mortgage servicing rights and advances (4) | 1,628,474 | | | 19,252 | | | 4.7 | % | | 1,420,473 | | | 31,675 | | | 4.5 | % | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unsecured borrowings: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Convertible senior notes | 281,608 | | | 4,801 | | | 6.8 | % | | 292,637 | | | 9,843 | | | 6.7 | % | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense/cost of funds | $ | 8,949,630 | | | $ | 37,101 | | | 1.7 | % | | $ | 9,045,625 | | | $ | 59,418 | | | 1.3 | % | | | | | | |
Net interest income/spread (5) | | | $ | 19,902 | | | 1.4 | % | | | | $ | 42,431 | | | 1.5 | % | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |
(dollars in thousands) | Average Balance (1) | | Interest Income/Expense | | Net Yield/Cost of Funds (2) | | Average Balance (1) | | Interest Income/Expense | | Net Yield/Cost of Funds (2) |
Interest-earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 9,073,951 | | | $ | 43,092 | | | 1.9 | % | | $ | 10,512,788 | | | $ | 98,744 | | | 1.9 | % |
Other | — | | | 351 | | | — | % | | — | | | 808 | | | — | % |
Total interest income/net asset yield | $ | 9,073,951 | | | $ | 43,443 | | | 1.9 | % | | $ | 10,512,788 | | | $ | 99,552 | | | 1.9 | % |
Interest-bearing liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Borrowings collateralized by: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 9,649,189 | | | $ | 5,687 | | | 0.2 | % | | $ | 11,217,274 | | | $ | 14,051 | | | 0.3 | % |
Agency Derivatives (3) | 44,067 | | | 89 | | | 0.8 | % | | 46,645 | | | 195 | | | 0.8 | % |
Mortgage servicing rights and advances (4) | 1,012,706 | | | 11,505 | | | 4.5 | % | | 909,365 | | | 19,411 | | | 4.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Unsecured borrowings: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Convertible senior notes | 423,613 | | | 7,126 | | | 6.7 | % | | 399,852 | | | 13,476 | | | 6.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense/cost of funds | $ | 11,129,575 | | | $ | 24,407 | | | 0.9 | % | | $ | 12,573,136 | | | $ | 47,133 | | | 0.7 | % |
Net interest income/spread (5) | | | $ | 19,036 | | | 1.0 | % | | | | $ | 52,419 | | | 1.2 | % |
____________________
(1)Average asset balance represents average amortized cost on AFS securities and average unpaid principal balance on other assets.
(2)Cost of funds does not include the accrual and settlement of interest associated with interest rate swaps. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, those costs are included in gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, our total average cost of funds on the assets assigned as collateral for borrowings shown in the table above, including interest spread expense associated with interest rate swaps, was 1.8% and 1.4%, respectively, compared to 0.8% and 0.7% for the same periods in 2021.
(3)Yields on Agency Derivatives not shown as interest income is included in (loss) gain on other derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
(4)Yields on mortgage servicing rights and advances not shown as these assets do not earn interest.
(5)Net interest spread does not include the accrual and settlement of interest associated with interest rate swaps. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, those costs are included in gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, our total average net interest rate spread on the assets and liabilities shown in the table above, including interest spread expense associated with interest rate swaps, was 1.3% and 1.4%, respectively, compared to 1.1% and 1.2% for the same periods in 2021.
The increase in yields on AFS securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021 was driven by lower amortization as a result of slower prepayment speeds. The increase in cost of funds associated with the financing of AFS securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, was due to rising interest rates.
The increase in cost of funds associated with the financing of Agency Derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, was the result of rising interest rates.
The increase in cost of funds associated with the financing of MSR assets and related servicing advance obligations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, was due to rising interest rates and an increase in the use of revolving credit facility and repurchase agreement financing versus term notes financing, which carry lower rates. We have one revolving credit facility in place to finance our servicing advance obligations, which are included in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The cost of funds associated with our convertible senior notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, was consistent.
The following tables present the components of the yield earned on our AFS securities portfolio as a percentage of our average amortized cost of securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
(in thousands) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Gross yield/stated coupon | 4.3 | % | | 4.7 | % | | 4.3 | % | | 4.4 | % |
Net (premium amortization) discount accretion | (1.2) | % | | (2.8) | % | | (1.5) | % | | (2.5) | % |
Net yield (1) | 3.1 | % | | 1.9 | % | | 2.8 | % | | 1.9 | % |
____________________
(1)Excludes Agency Derivatives. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the average net yield on total RMBS, including Agency Derivatives, was 3.1% and 2.8%, respectively, compared to 1.9% for both of the same periods in 2021. Yields have not been adjusted for cost of delay and cost to carry purchase premiums.
(Loss) Gain On Investment Securities
The following table presents the components of (loss) gain on investment securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
(in thousands) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
Proceeds from sales | $ | 2,326,528 | | | $ | 2,549,602 | | | $ | 4,339,148 | | | $ | 4,600,545 | | | |
Amortized cost of securities sold | (2,514,613) | | | (2,532,087) | | | (4,582,084) | | | (4,516,832) | | | |
Total realized (losses) gains on sales | (188,085) | | | 17,515 | | | (242,936) | | | 83,713 | | | |
Provision for credit losses | (537) | | | (7,392) | | | (1,651) | | | (6,257) | | | |
Other | (9,097) | | | (51,642) | | | (5,474) | | | 13,893 | | | |
(Loss) gain on investment securities | $ | (197,719) | | | $ | (41,519) | | | $ | (250,061) | | | $ | 91,349 | | | |
In the ordinary course of our business, we make investment decisions and allocate capital in accordance with our views on the changing risk/reward dynamics in the market and in our portfolio. We do not expect to sell assets on a frequent basis, but may sell assets to reallocate capital into new assets that we believe have higher risk-adjusted returns.
We use a discounted cash flow method to estimate and recognize an allowance for credit losses on AFS securities. Subsequent adverse or favorable changes in expected cash flows are recognized immediately in earnings as a provision for or reversal of provision for credit losses (within (loss) gain on investment securities).
The majority of the “other” component of (loss) gain on investment securities is related to changes in unrealized gains (losses) on certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the unrealized losses recognized were primarily due to faster prepayment assumptions.
Servicing Income
The following table presents the components of servicing income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
(in thousands) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | |
Servicing fee income | $ | 153,620 | | | $ | 111,083 | | | $ | 288,834 | | | $ | 216,248 | | | |
Ancillary and other fee income | 561 | | | 622 | | | 1,031 | | | 1,238 | | | |
Float income | 3,345 | | | 1,111 | | | 4,287 | | | 2,449 | | | |
Total | $ | 157,526 | | | $ | 112,816 | | | $ | 294,152 | | | $ | 219,935 | | | |
The increase in servicing income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, was due to a higher portfolio balance, lower compensating interest and higher float income.
Gain (Loss) On Servicing Asset
The following table presents the components of gain (loss) on servicing asset for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
(in thousands) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Changes in fair value due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model | $ | 199,272 | | | $ | (72,910) | | | $ | 724,185 | | | $ | 428,783 | |
Changes in fair value due to realization of cash flows (runoff) | (113,715) | | | (195,141) | | | (228,004) | | | (369,396) | |
| | | | | | | |
Gain (loss) on servicing asset | $ | 85,557 | | | $ | (268,051) | | | $ | 496,181 | | | $ | 59,387 | |
The increase in gain (decrease in loss) on servicing asset for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, was driven by favorable change in valuation assumptions used in the fair valuation of MSR and a decrease in portfolio runoff.
Gain (Loss) On Interest Rate Swap And Swaption Agreements
The following table summarizes the net interest spread and gains and losses associated with our interest rate swap and swaption positions recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
(in thousands) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Net interest spread | $ | (4,267) | | | $ | 2,399 | | | $ | (5,008) | | | $ | 4,049 | |
Early termination, agreement maturation and option expiration gains | 246,211 | | | 8,642 | | | 189,947 | | | 2,292 | |
Change in unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swap and swaption agreements, at fair value | (209,210) | | | 13,607 | | | (190,246) | | | 2,708 | |
Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements | $ | 32,734 | | | $ | 24,648 | | | $ | (5,307) | | | $ | 9,049 | |
Net interest spread recognized for the accrual and/or settlement of the net interest expense associated with our interest rate swaps results from receiving either a floating interest rate (OIS or SOFR) or a fixed interest rate and paying either a fixed interest rate or a floating interest rate (OIS or SOFR) on positions held to economically hedge/mitigate portfolio interest rate exposure (or duration) risk. We may elect to terminate certain swaps and swaptions to align with our investment portfolio, agreements may mature or options may expire resulting in full settlement of our net interest spread asset/liability and the recognition of realized gains and losses, including early termination penalties. The change in fair value of interest rate swaps and swaptions during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was a result of changes to floating interest rates (OIS or SOFR), the swap curve and corresponding counterparty borrowing rates. Since swaps and swaptions are used for purposes of hedging our interest rate exposure, their unrealized valuation gains and losses (excluding the reversal of unrealized gains and losses to realized gains and losses upon termination, maturation or option expiration) are generally offset by unrealized losses and gains in our Agency RMBS AFS portfolio, which are recorded either directly to stockholders’ equity through other comprehensive loss, net of tax, or to (loss) gain on investment securities, in the case of certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option.
(Loss) Gain On Other Derivative Instruments
The following table provides a summary of the total net gains (losses) recognized on other derivative instruments we hold for purposes of both hedging and non-hedging activities, principally TBAs, futures, options on futures, and inverse interest-only securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
(in thousands) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Interest income, net of accretion, on inverse interest-only securities | $ | 304 | | | $ | 1,309 | | | $ | 1,157 | | | $ | 3,184 | |
| | | | | | | |
Realized and unrealized net gains (losses) on other derivative instruments (1) | (101,577) | | | 50,003 | | | (204,192) | | | (227,883) | |
(Loss) gain on other derivative instruments | $ | (101,273) | | | $ | 51,312 | | | $ | (203,035) | | | $ | (224,699) | |
____________________
(1)As these derivative instruments are considered trading instruments, our financial results include both realized and unrealized gains (losses) associated with these instruments.
For further details regarding our use of derivative instruments and related activity, refer to Note 7 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Expenses
The following table presents the components of expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
(in thousands, except share data) | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| | | | | | | |
Servicing expenses | $ | 22,991 | | | $ | 18,680 | | | $ | 47,695 | | | $ | 43,627 | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | |
Compensation and benefits: | | | | | | | |
Non-cash equity compensation expenses | $ | 3,461 | | | $ | 4,611 | | | $ | 7,622 | | | $ | 6,401 | |
All other compensation and benefits | 7,558 | | | 6,648 | | | 15,590 | | | 13,046 | |
Total compensation and benefits | $ | 11,019 | | | $ | 11,259 | | | $ | 23,212 | | | $ | 19,447 | |
Other operating expenses: | | | | | | | |
Nonrecurring expenses | $ | 2,428 | | | $ | 1,397 | | | $ | 3,117 | | | $ | 3,368 | |
All other operating expenses | 6,724 | | | 5,821 | | | 12,660 | | | 11,337 | |
Total other operating expenses | $ | 9,152 | | | $ | 7,218 | | | $ | 15,777 | | | $ | 14,705 | |
Annualized operating expense ratio | 3.1 | % | | 2.8 | % | | 2.9 | % | | 2.4 | % |
Annualized operating expense ratio, excluding non-cash equity compensation and other nonrecurring expenses | 2.2 | % | | 1.9 | % | | 2.1 | % | | 1.7 | % |
We incur servicing expenses generally related to the subservicing of MSR. The increase in servicing expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, was a result of an increase in portfolio size and subservicing fees.
The increase in total operating expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021, was driven by higher cash compensation and benefits, nonrecurring and other operating expenses, offset by lower non-cash equity compensation expense. The increase in total operating expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021, was driven by higher total compensation and benefits and other operating expenses, offset by a slight decrease in nonrecurring expenses.
Income Taxes
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company’s TRSs recognized a provision for income taxes of $25.9 million and $74.7 million, respectively, which was primarily due to income from MSR servicing activities and gains recognized on MSR, offset by net losses recognized on derivative instruments and operating expenses. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company’s TRSs recognized a benefit from income taxes of $20.9 million, which was primarily due to losses recognized on MSR, offset by net gains recognized on derivative instruments held in the Company’s TRSs. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company’s TRSs recognized a provision for income taxes of $1.8 million, which was primarily due to gains recognized on MSR, offset by net losses recognized on derivative instruments held in the Company’s TRSs.
Financial Condition
Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value
The majority of our AFS investment securities portfolio is comprised of fixed rate Agency mortgage-backed securities backed by single-family and multi-family mortgage loans. We also hold $87.5 million in tranches of mortgage-backed and asset-backed P&I and interest-only non-Agency securities. All of our P&I Agency RMBS AFS are Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through certificates or collateralized mortgage obligations that carry an implied rating of “AAA,” or Ginnie Mae mortgage pass-through certificates, which are backed by the guarantee of the U.S. government. The majority of these securities consist of whole pools in which we own all of the investment interests in the securities.
The table below summarizes certain characteristics of our Agency RMBS AFS at June 30, 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 |
(dollars in thousands, except purchase price) | Principal/ Current Face | | Net (Discount) Premium | | Amortized Cost | | Allowance for Credit Losses | | Unrealized Gain | | Unrealized Loss | | Carrying Value | | Weighted Average Coupon Rate | | Weighted Average Purchase Price |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
P&I securities | $ | 8,603,008 | | | $ | 160,964 | | | $ | 8,763,972 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 17,675 | | | $ | (197,154) | | | $ | 8,584,493 | | | 4.11 | % | | $ | 102.24 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest-only securities | 1,665,968 | | | 116,302 | | | 116,302 | | | (9,403) | | | 15,941 | | | (5,386) | | | 117,454 | | | 2.91 | % | | $ | 15.18 | |
Total | $ | 10,268,976 | | | $ | 277,266 | | | $ | 8,880,274 | | | $ | (9,403) | | | $ | 33,616 | | | $ | (202,540) | | | $ | 8,701,947 | | | | | |
Mortgage Servicing Rights, at Fair Value
One of our wholly owned subsidiaries has approvals from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to own and manage MSR, which represent the right to control the servicing of mortgage loans. We do not directly service mortgage loans, and instead contract with appropriately licensed subservicers to handle substantially all servicing functions in the name of the subservicer for the loans underlying our MSR. As of June 30, 2022, our MSR had a fair market value of $3.2 billion.
As of June 30, 2022, our MSR portfolio included MSR on 901,244 loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $227.1 billion. The following table summarizes certain characteristics of the loans underlying our MSR by gross weighted average coupon rate types and ranges at June 30, 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2022 |
(dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | | | | | Weighted Average Gross Coupon Rate | | Weighted Average Current Loan Size | | Weighted Average Loan Age (months) | | Weighted Average Original FICO | | Weighted Average Original LTV | | 60+ Day Delinquencies | | 3-Month CPR | | Net Servicing Fee (bps) |
30-Year Fixed: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
≤ 3.25% | 317,255 | | | $ | 103,224,845 | | | | | | | 2.8 | % | | $ | 384 | | | 17 | | | 768 | | | 70.9 | % | | 0.3 | % | | 6.5 | % | | 25.8 | |
> 3.25 - 3.75% | 166,905 | | | 43,437,555 | | | | | | | 3.4 | % | | 323 | | | 31 | | | 754 | | | 74.3 | % | | 0.7 | % | | 10.6 | % | | 26.3 | |
> 3.75 - 4.25% | 121,848 | | | 25,817,483 | | | | | | | 3.9 | % | | 272 | | | 54 | | | 752 | | | 75.7 | % | | 1.3 | % | | 14.6 | % | | 27.3 | |
> 4.25 - 4.75% | 73,644 | | | 13,481,431 | | | | | | | 4.4 | % | | 247 | | | 58 | | | 737 | | | 77.4 | % | | 2.6 | % | | 18.8 | % | | 26.3 | |
> 4.75 - 5.25% | 36,249 | | | 6,123,075 | | | | | | | 4.9 | % | | 248 | | | 50 | | | 725 | | | 78.6 | % | | 3.9 | % | | 21.0 | % | | 27.2 | |
> 5.25% | 17,658 | | | 2,992,856 | | | | | | | 5.6 | % | | 273 | | | 34 | | | 718 | | | 80.0 | % | | 4.0 | % | | 24.0 | % | | 29.4 | |
| 733,559 | | | 195,077,245 | | | | | | | 3.3 | % | | 340 | | | 29 | | | 758 | | | 73.1 | % | | 80.0 | % | | 10.1 | % | | 26.2 | |
15-Year Fixed: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
≤ 2.25% | 26,448 | | | 7,771,459 | | | | | | | 2.0 | % | | 344 | | | 14 | | | 777 | | | 58.7 | % | | 0.1 | % | | 5.2 | % | | 25.1 | |
> 2.25 - 2.75% | 49,704 | | | 11,528,442 | | | | | | | 2.4 | % | | 285 | | | 18 | | | 773 | | | 58.7 | % | | 0.1 | % | | 7.4 | % | | 25.8 | |
> 2.75 - 3.25% | 45,008 | | | 7,158,465 | | | | | | | 2.9 | % | | 216 | | | 43 | | | 767 | | | 61.3 | % | | 0.2 | % | | 11.0 | % | | 26.2 | |
> 3.25 - 3.75% | 26,269 | | | 3,163,141 | | | | | | | 3.4 | % | | 170 | | | 58 | | | 757 | | | 64.1 | % | | 0.6 | % | | 15.2 | % | | 27.4 | |
> 3.75 - 4.25% | 11,889 | | | 1,191,435 | | | | | | | 3.89 | | 152 | | | 57 | | | 743 | | | 65.2 | % | | 1.0 | % | | 16.4 | % | | 28.8 | |
> 4.25% | 5,462 | | | 466,547 | | | | | | | 4.5 | % | | 135 | | | 49 | | | 727 | | | 65.9 | % | | 1.9 | % | | 19.2 | % | | 31.2 | |
| 164,780 | | | 31,279,489 | | | | | | | 2.6 | % | | 265 | | | 29 | | | 769 | | | 60.2 | % | | 0.3 | % | | 9.1 | % | | 26.1 | |
Total ARMs | 2,905 | | | 717,679 | | | | | | | 3.1 | % | | 321 | | | 55 | | | 762 | | | 67.9 | % | | 1.6 | % | | 25.1 | % | | 25.4 | |
Total | 901,244 | | | $ | 227,074,413 | | | | | | | 3.2 | % | | $ | 330 | | | 29 | | | 760 | | | 71.3 | % | | 0.8 | % | | 10.0 | % | | 26.2 | |
Financing
Our borrowings consist primarily of repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, term notes payable and convertible senior notes. Repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities and term notes payable are collateralized by our pledge of AFS securities, derivative instruments, MSR, servicing advances and certain cash balances. Substantially all of our Agency RMBS are currently pledged as collateral, and a portion of our non-Agency securities have been pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements. Additionally, a substantial portion of our MSR is currently pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities and term notes payable, and a portion of our servicing advances have been pledged as collateral for revolving credit facilities. In connection with our securitization of MSR and issuance of term notes payable, a variable funding note, or VFN, was issued to one of our subsidiaries. We have one repurchase facility that is secured by the VFN, which is collateralized by our MSR. Finally, our convertible senior notes due 2026 are unsecured and pay interest semiannually at a rate of 6.25% per annum.
Some of our financing arrangements incorporate LIBOR as the referenced rate; however all arrangements either mature prior to the phase out of LIBOR or have provisions in place that provide for an alternative to LIBOR upon its phase-out. See Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Market Conditions and Outlook - LIBOR transition” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.
At June 30, 2022, borrowings under repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, term notes payable and convertible senior notes had the following characteristics:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | June 30, 2022 | | |
Borrowing Type | | Amount Outstanding | | Weighted Average Borrowing Rate | | Weighted Average Years to Maturity | | | | | | |
Repurchase agreements | | $ | 7,958,247 | | | 1.48 | % | | 0.2 | | | | | | | |
Revolving credit facilities | | 825,761 | | | 4.93 | % | | 1.6 | | | | | | | |
Term notes payable | | 397,383 | | | 4.42 | % | | 2.0 | | | | | | | |
Convertible senior notes (1) | | 281,711 | | | 6.25 | % | | 3.5 | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 9,463,102 | | | 2.04 | % | | 0.5 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | June 30, 2022 | | |
Collateral Type | | Amount Outstanding | | Weighted Average Borrowing Rate | | Weighted Average Haircut on Collateral Value | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agency RMBS | | $ | 7,487,568 | | | 1.27 | % | | 4.1 | % | | | | | | |
Non-Agency securities | | 47,934 | | | 2.44 | % | | 40.0 | % | | | | | | |
Agency Derivatives | | 22,745 | | | 1.89 | % | | 17.9 | % | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | 1,593,944 | | | 4.86 | % | | 29.1 | % | | | | | | |
Mortgage servicing advances | | 29,200 | | | 4.61 | % | | 13.9 | % | | | | | | |
Other (1) | | 281,711 | | | 6.25 | % | | N/A | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 9,463,102 | | | 2.04 | % | | 8.4 | % | | | | | | |
____________________
(1)Includes unsecured convertible senior notes due 2026 paying interest semiannually at a rate of 6.25% per annum on the aggregate principal amount of $287.5 million.
As of June 30, 2022, the debt-to-equity ratio funding our AFS securities, MSR, servicing advances and Agency Derivatives, which includes unsecured borrowings under convertible senior notes, was 3.8:1.0. As previously discussed, our Agency RMBS, given their liquidity and high credit quality, are eligible for higher levels of leverage, while MSR, with less liquidity and/or more exposure to prepayment risk, utilize lower levels of leverage. Generally, our debt-to-equity ratio is directly correlated to the composition of our portfolio; typically, the higher the percentage of Agency RMBS we hold, the higher our debt-to-equity ratio will be. However, in addition to portfolio mix, our debt-to-equity ratio is a function of many other factors, including the liquidity of our portfolio, the availability and price of our financing, the diversification of our counterparties and their available capacity to finance our assets, and anticipated regulatory developments. We may alter the percentage allocation of our portfolio among our target assets depending on the relative value of the assets that are available to purchase from time to time, including at times when we are deploying proceeds from offerings we conduct. We believe the current degree of leverage within our portfolio helps ensure that we have access to unused borrowing capacity, thus supporting our liquidity and the strength of our balance sheet.
The following table provides a summary of our borrowings under repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, term notes payable and convertible senior notes, our net TBA cost basis amounts and our debt-to-equity ratios for the three months ended June 30, 2022, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the Three Months Ended | | Quarterly Average | | End of Period Balance | | Maximum Balance of Any Month-End | | End of Period Total Borrowings to Equity Ratio | | End of Period Net Long (Short) TBA Cost Basis | | End of Period Economic Debt-to-Equity Ratio (1) |
June 30, 2022 | | $ | 8,949,630 | | | $ | 9,463,102 | | | $ | 9,463,102 | | | 3.8:1.0 | | $ | 6,409,396 | | | 6.4:1.0 |
March 31, 2022 | | $ | 9,139,305 | | | $ | 9,121,894 | | | $ | 9,366,946 | | | 3.5:1.0 | | $ | 4,737,226 | | | 5.3:1.0 |
December 31, 2021 | | $ | 7,908,651 | | | $ | 8,898,809 | | | $ | 8,898,809 | | | 3.2:1.0 | | $ | 4,238,881 | | | 4.8:1.0 |
September 30, 2021 | | $ | 8,888,607 | | | $ | 8,365,211 | | | $ | 9,060,624 | | | 3.1:1.0 | | $ | 9,019,509 | | | 6.4:1.0 |
June 30, 2021 | | $ | 11,129,575 | | | $ | 9,704,066 | | | $ | 12,837,520 | | | 3.9:1.0 | | $ | 7,161,265 | | | 6.8:1.0 |
____________________
(1)Defined as total borrowings under repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, term notes payable and convertible senior notes, plus implied debt on net TBA cost basis, divided by total equity.