NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1: Business and Basis of Presentation

Hemispherx Biopharma, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Hemispherx”, “Company”, “we” or “us”) are an immuno-pharma company headquartered in Ocala, Florida and focused on the research and development of therapeutics to treat multiple types of cancers, as well as immune-deficiency disorders. We have established a strong foundation of laboratory, pre-clinical and clinical data with respect to the development of nucleic acids and natural interferon to enhance the natural antiviral defense system of the human body and to aid the development of therapeutic products for the treatment of certain cancers and chronic diseases.

Hemispherx’s flagship products include Ampligen® (rintatolimod), a first-in-class drug of large macromolecular RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules, and Alferon N Injection® (Interferon Alfa-N3). A first-in-class drug also known as a new molecular entity, is a drug that contains an active moiety that has not been approved by the FDA or marketed in the US.

Hemispherx received approval of our NDA from ANMAT for commercial sale of rintatolimod (U.S. tradename: Ampligen®) in the Argentine Republic for the treatment of severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) in 2016. The product will be marketed by GP Pharm, our commercial partner in Latin America. Commercialization in Argentina will require GP Pharm to establish disease awareness, medical education, creation of an appropriate reimbursement level, design of marketing strategies and FDA’s authorization to ship product from the US to Argentina.

Hemispherx is committed to a focused business plan oriented toward finding senior co-development partners with the capital and expertise needed to commercialize the many potential therapeutic aspects of our drug, Ampligen, and our approved drug, Alferon N Injection. Lastly, the Company plans to access the public equity markets to raise further capital.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of such consolidated financial statements have been included. Such adjustments consist of normal recurring items. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

The interim consolidated financial statements and notes thereto are presented as permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and do not contain certain information which will be included in the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed on April 1, 2019.

On May 29, 2019 the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split at a ratio in the range of 1-for-20 to 1-for-50. The Company’s Board of Directors approved the implementation of the reverse stock split at a ratio 1-for-44 which took effect on June 10, 2019. All share and per share amounts for prior periods have been revised to give retroactive effect to this reverse stock split.

Note 2: Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Equivalent common shares, consisting of 840,380 and 840,380; and 211,313 and 436,711 of stock options and warrants are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, since their effect is antidilutive due to the net loss.

Note 3: Equity-Based Compensation

The fair value of each option and equity warrant award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing valuation model. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the price of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury issues with a term equal to the expected life of the option and equity warrant. The Company uses historical data to estimate expected dividend yield, expected life and forfeiture rates. There were 39,267 and 66,673 options granted in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Stock option for employees’ activity during the six months ended June 30, 2019 is as follows:

Stock option activity for employees:

Unvested stock option activity for employees:

Stock option activity for non-employees:

Unvested stock option activity for non-employees:

Stock-based compensation expense was approximately $426,000 and $612,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 resulting in an increase in general and administrative expenses, respectively.

As of June 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively, there was approximately $1,101,000 and $1,278,000 of unrecognized equity-based compensation cost related to options granted under the Equity Incentive Plan.

Note 4: Inventories

The Company uses the lower of first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) cost or net realizable value method of accounting for inventory.

Commercial sales of Alferon in the U.S. will not resume until new batches of commercial filled and finished product are produced and released by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). While the facility is approved by the FDA under the Biologics License Application (“BLA”) for Alferon, this status will need to be reaffirmed by an FDA pre-approval inspection. The Company also will need the FDA’s approval to release commercial product once it has submitted satisfactory stability and quality release data. Currently, the manufacturing process is on hold and there is no definitive timetable to have the facility back online. The Company estimates it will need approximately $10,000,000 to commence the manufacturing process. Due to the Company extending the timeline of Alferon production to in excess of one year, the Company reclassified Alferon work in process inventory of $1,095,000 to other assets within our balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and due to the high cost estimates to bring the facility back online. The above estimated cost includes additional funds needed for the revalidation process in the Company’s facility to initiate commercial manufacturing, thereby readying itself for an FDA Pre-Approval Inspection. If the Company is unable to gain the necessary FDA approvals related to the manufacturing process and/or final product of new Alferon inventory, its operations most likely will be materially and/or adversely affected. In light of these contingencies, there can be no assurances that the approved Alferon N Injection product will be returned to production on a timely basis, if at all, or that if and when it is again made commercially available, it will return to prior sales levels.

The Alferon work in process is currently compliant with our internal protocols, is stored in a controlled state, and the Company regularly monitors the stability of the product. All of these factors contribute to the potential sale of the Alferon work in process, after validation lots have been produced and including a successful pre-approval inspection.

Note 5: Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist of mutual funds. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, it was determined that none of the marketable securities had other-than-temporary impairments. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all securities were classified as available for sale investments and were measured as Level 1 instruments of the fair value measurements standard (see Note 12: Fair Value).

Securities classified as available for sale consisted of:

June 30, 2019

(in thousands)

December 31, 2018

(in thousands)

Unrealized losses on investments

There were no investments with continuous unrealized losses for less than 12 months and 12 months or greater at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, ranging from three to thirty-nine years.

On March 16, 2018, the Company sold land and a building for $4,080,000 and concurrently entered into an agreement to lease the property back for ten years. The lease payments are initially $408,000 per year for two years through March 31, 2020 and will escalate in subsequent years. (See Note 13 – Financing Obligation Arising from Sale Leaseback Transaction for more details on the sale leaseback of the property and equipment).

In February 2018, the Company sold the building located adjacent to its manufacturing facility located at 5 Jules Lane, New Brunswick, New Jersey to an unaffiliated party. The purchase price was $1,050,000 and the Company netted $963,000 in cash.

Note 8: Stockholders’ Equity

(a) Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock with such designations, rights and preferences as may be determined by the Board of Directors. Of our authorized preferred stock, 250,000 shares have been designated as Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and 8,000 shares have been designated as Series B Convertible Preferred Stock. The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock has a stated value $1,000 per share.

The Company is authorized to issue 8,000 Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, no par value, stated value $1,000 per share. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had 1,221 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding. Each such Preferred Share is convertible into 114 shares of common stock.

Pursuant to a registration statement relating to a rights offering declared effective by the SEC on February 14, 2019, Hemispherx distributed to its holders of common stock and to holders of certain options and warrants as of February 14, 2019, at no charge, one non-transferable subscription right for each share of common stock held or deemed held on the record date. Each right entitled the holder to purchase one unit, at a subscription price of $1,000 per unit, consisting of one share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock with a face value of $1,000 (and immediately convertible into common stock at an assumed conversion price of $8.80) and 114 warrants with an assumed exercise price of $8.80. The warrants are exercisable for five years after the date of issuance. The net proceeds realized from the rights offering were approximately $5.3 million.

(b) Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 350,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value common stock with specific limitations and restrictions on the usage of 8,000,000 of the 350,000,000 authorized shares.

In August 2016, the Company effected a 12-to-1 reverse stock split of the outstanding shares, in order to become compliant with the NYSE regulations. This did not affect the number of authorized shares.

In June 2019, the Company effected a 44-to-1 reverse stock split of the outstanding shares, in order to become compliant with the NYSE regulations. This did not affect the number of authorized shares. All references to shares of common stock, options, warrants and preferred stock have been adjusted herein to give effect to this reverse stock split.

On September 6, 2016, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “September Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors for the sale by us of 75,758 shares of our common stock registered under our S-3 shelf registration statement on at a purchase price of $66.00 per share. Concurrently with the sale of the common stock, pursuant to the September Purchase Agreement, we also sold unregistered warrants to purchase 56,818 shares of common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of $5,000,000. Subject to certain ownership limitations, the warrants are initially exercisable six-month after issuance at an exercise price equal to $88.00 per share of common stock, subject to adjustments as provided under the terms of the warrants. The warrants are exercisable for five years from the initial exercise date. Pursuant to an engagement agreement, we paid our placement agent an aggregate fee equal to 7% of the gross proceeds received by us from the sale of the securities in the offering and granted to our placement agent or its designees warrants to purchase up to 5% of the aggregate number of shares sold in the transactions amounting to 3,788 unregistered warrants. The placement agent warrants have substantially the same terms as the investor warrants, except that the placement agent warrants will expire on September 1, 2021 and have an exercise price equal to $82.50 per share of common stock.

On February 1, 2017, we entered into Securities Purchase Agreements (each, a “February Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors for the sale by us of 41,322 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $24.50 per share. Concurrently with the sale of the common stock, pursuant to the February Purchase Agreement, we also sold unregistered warrants to purchase 30,992 shares of common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $1,000,000. The warrants have an exercise price of $33.00 per share, are exercisable six months after issuance, and will expire five years from the initial exercise date. Pursuant to an engagement agreement, we paid our placement agent an aggregate fee equal to 7% of the gross proceeds received by us from the sale of the securities in the offering and granted to our placement agent or its designees warrants to purchase up to 5% of the aggregate number of shares sold in the transactions amounting to 2,066 unregistered warrants. The placement agent warrants have substantially the same terms as the investor warrants, except that the placement agent warrants will expire on February 1, 2022 and have an exercise price equal to $30.25 per share of common stock. The Company subsequently registered the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants on Form S-1.

The Board of Directors approved up to $500,000 for all directors, officers and employees to buy Company shares from the Company at the market price. As of the last issuance dated November 5, 2018, the Company had issued all the authorized shares for this program (23 shares) at prices between $8.80 and $30.36 per share directly to executives and employees, for $373,852 in a series of private transactions pursuant to stock purchase agreements.

On June 1, 2017, the exercise price of Warrants issued in September 2016 was changed to $22.00. As a result, the warrant holders exercised these Warrants and purchased 53,864 shares of Company common stock. The Company realized net proceeds of $1,055,000 from this exercise. In conjunction with the foregoing, the Company also issued 53,864 series A warrants with an exercise price of $26.40 per share, an initial exercise date of December 1, 2017 and expiring March 6, 2022 (the “Series A Warrants”) and 172,364 series B warrants with exercise price of $26.40, an initial exercise date December 1, 2017 per share and expiring March 1, 2018. The foregoing transactions are hereinafter referred to as the “Exchange Transaction”. In addition, on July 10, 2017, the warrant holders exercised the remaining 2,955 warrants issued in September 2016 and purchased 2,955 shares of common stock. The Company realized net proceeds of $65,000 from this exercise. In conjunction with the foregoing the Company issued 2,955 Series A Warrants and 9,455 Series B Warrants (with an exercise price of $26.40 and an initial exercise date January 10, 2018 on the three-month anniversary of the of the initial exercise date).

Pursuant to an engagement agreement, the Company paid its placement agent an aggregate fee equal to 7% and 10.5%, respectively, of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the securities in the offerings and granted to its placement agent or its designees warrants to purchase up to 5% of the aggregate number of shares sold in the transactions amounting to 3,788 and 2,449, respectively, unregistered warrants. The placement agent warrants have substantially the same terms as the investor warrants, except that the 3,788 placement agent warrants issued in September 2017 will expire September 1, 2021 and have an exercise price equal to $82.50 per share of common stock and the 2,449 placement agent warrants issued in June 2017 will expire June 1, 2022 and have an exercise price of $27.50.

On August 23, 2017, the Holders of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants exchanged all of their Warrants for new warrants (respectively, the “Series A Exchange Warrants” and the “Series B Exchange Warrants” and, collectively, the “Exchange Warrants”) identical to the Warrants except as follows: The exercise price of both Exchange Warrants is $19.80 per share, subject to adjustment therein, and the number of Series B Exchange Warrants issued was proportionately reduced to an aggregate of 63,637 warrants so that all Exchange Warrants in the Exchange Transaction do not exceed 19.9% of the number of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock as of May 31, 2017, the date of the Exchange Transaction offer letters. The issuance of the Exchange Warrants by the Company and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Exchange Warrants is exempt from registration pursuant to Sections 3(a)(9) and 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The 63,637 warrants with an expiration date of March 1, 2018 and an exercise price on $19.80 were exercised in January and February 2018. The Company realized proceeds of $1,260,000 from these exercises.

On November 27, 2017, the Company reactivated its equity distribution agreement with Maxim Group LLC (the “2012 EDA”) pursuant to which it could sell shares of its common stock from time to time through Maxim, as sales agent. During the year ended December 31, 2018 and the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company sold, respectively, an aggregate of 49,463 and 2,627 shares under the 2012 EDA for proceeds of $802,000 and $26,000, respectively, net of $25,000 and $1,000, respectively, in commissions. Pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated February 7, 2018, the Company was able to sell up to 148,845 of its common stock (inclusive of shares already sold under the prospectus supplement) under the 2012 EDA. The actual number of shares, that the Company can sell, and the proceeds to be received there from are dependent upon the market price of its common stock.

On May 2, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with the holders of 103,410 warrants (classified as liability) pursuant to which the warrant exercise price was reduced to $6.60 and all of the warrants were exercised, reducing the liability attributed to the warrants by approximately $404,000, and the Company realized about $682,000 in net proceeds, resulting in an addition to stockholders’ equity of approximately $1,086,000.

As part of the cash conservation program adopted on August 28, 2017, starting with the month of September 2017, the directors agreed to defer 100% of their fees until cash is available. In consideration of this deferral, 5,137 options were issued to each of the two independent directors in February 2018 with an exercise price of $16.20; 3,456 options were issued to each of the two independent directors in May 2018 with an exercise price of $13.20, and 2,230 options were issued in July 2018 with an exercise price of $13.64. All of the foregoing options and the options discussed below are exercisable for a period of 10 years with a vesting period of three years. This program was suspended as of July 15, 2018 and all remaining deferred fees were paid in July 2018. This Program was reactivated as of August 16, 2018 with the understanding that options would not be issued on the deferred amounts until the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan was approved by the stockholders and the securities issuable thereunder were registered with the SEC. The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan was approved by the stockholders and the securities issuable thereunder were registered with the SEC and, on October 17, 2018, 3,927 options were issued to each of the two independent directors with an exercise price of $9.68 for a period of ten years with a vesting period of one year. On January 28, 2019, an aggregate of 11,698 options were issued to each of the directors with an exercise price of $9.68 for a period of ten years with a vesting period of one year for the deferral of fees and for chairing various committees, respectively.

Also, as part of the cash conservation program adopted on August 28, 2017, starting with the month of September 2017, certain officers agreed to defer 40% of their salaries until cash is available. In consideration of this deferral, 20,102 options were issued to these officers in February 2018 with an exercise price of $16.20; 13,618 options were issued to these officers in May 2018 with an exercise price of $13.20, and 8,847 options were issued to these officers in July 2018 with an exercise price of $13.64. This program was suspended as of July 15, 2018 and all remaining deferred salaries were paid on July 2018. This Program was reactivated as of August 16, 2018 for 50% of their salaries with the understanding that options would not be issued on the deferred amounts until the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan was approved by the shareholders and the plan registered with the SEC. The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan has been approved by the shareholders and registered with the SEC and on October 17, 2018, 18,380 options were issued to these officers with an exercise price on $9.68 for a period of ten years with a vesting period of one year. On January 28, 2019, 27,570 options were issued to each of these officers with an exercise price of $9.68 for a period of ten years with a vesting period of one year.

Also as part of the cash conservation program adopted on August 28, 2017, all employees agreed to be paid 50% of their salaries in the form of unrestricted common stock of the Company. Starting with the month of September 2017, the salaries of all the employees of the Company were paid 50% in the form of unrestricted common stock of the Company. The total number of shares issued as of June 30, 2018 to the employees under this program was 48,111 shares at stock prices ranging from $13.64 to $24.20 per share. This program was suspended by the Board of Directors on June 30, 2018.

On March 24, 2018, the Company sold 28,409 shares of common stock under its S-3 shelf registration. The Company realized net proceeds of $475,000 from this stock offering and paid $25,000 in placement agent fees.

On April 20, 2018, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements (the “Purchase Agreements”) with certain investors (the “Investors”) for the sale by the Company of an aggregate of 150,000 shares (the “Common Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a purchase price of $17.16 per share. Concurrently with the sale of the Common Shares, pursuant to the Purchase Agreements the Company also sold 150,000 warrants, 50% of which are Class A Warrants and 50% of which are Class B Warrants (collectively, the “Warrants”). The Company received gross proceeds from the sale of the Warrants solely to the extent such Warrants are exercised for cash. Both classes of Warrants will not be exercisable until six months after issuance and will have an exercise price of $17.16 per share, subject to adjustments as provided under the terms of the Warrants. The Class A Warrants and Class B Warrants will expire, respectively, two and five years after the date on which they are first exercisable. The closing of the sales of these securities under the Purchase Agreements took place on April 24, 2018. The Company received net proceeds from the transactions of $2,343,820 after deducting certain fees due to the placement agent and the Company’s transaction expenses.

The 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, effective June 24, 2009, as amended, authorizes the grant of non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and other stock awards. A maximum of 500,000 shares of common stock is reserved for potential issuance pursuant to awards under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. Unless sooner terminated, the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan will continue in effect for a period of 10 years from its effective date. During 2018, there were 106,255 options granted by the Company under this Plan.

The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, effective September 12, 2018, authorizes the grant of (i) Incentive Stock Options, (ii) Nonstatutory Stock Options, (iii) Stock Appreciation Rights, (iv) Restricted Stock Awards, (v) Restricted Stock Unit Awards, (vi) Performance Stock Awards, (vii) Performance Cash Awards, and (viii) Other Stock Awards. Initially, a maximum of 159,091 shares of common stock is reserved for potential issuance pursuant to awards under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. Unless sooner terminated, the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan will continue in effect for a period of 10 years from its effective date. On October 17, 2018, the Board of Directors issued 26,234 options to the officers and directors at the exercise price of $9.68 expiring in 10 years, and on November 14, 2018, the Board of Directors issued 23 options to each employee, officer and director at the exercise price of $9.68 expiring in ten years. On January 28, 2019, 39,268 options were issued to the officers and directors with an exercise price of $9.68 for a period of ten years with a vesting period of one year.

Note 9 : Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Note 10: Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (ASU 2014-09), Revenue from Contracts with Customers . ASU 2014-09 will eliminate transaction and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Standards (“U.S.GAAP”) and replace it with a principal-based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract. ASU 2014-09 also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is not permitted. Entities can transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. As of June 30, 2019, we have not identified any accounting changes that would materially impact the amount of reported revenues with respect to our product revenues. The Company applied the Full Retrospective Application to implement the new Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606. The Company, based on the nature of its Ampligen sales under its cost recovery programs, determined that there were no material differences between the new accounting standard and legacy GAAP and that difficulties will not arise for any “open” contract issues with its customers during the transition period. The Company also determined that the adoption of this standard had little or no impact to the Company’s opening balance of retained earnings.

In January 2016, the FASB has issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities . The new guidance is intended to improve the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The new guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The new guidance permits early adoption of the own credit provision. The Company believes that the adoption of the guidance will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15 - Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). The new guidance is intended to address the diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows, and other Topics. The guidance addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The amendments apply to all entities, including both business entities and not-for-profit entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under Topic 230. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period. The amendments in this Update should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company believes that the adoption of the guidance will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.

In 2019, the FASB also issued Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) 2019-01 through 2019-07. These updates did not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

Note 11: Convertible Note Payable

On September 28, 2018, the Company issued a Secured Convertible Promissory Note (the “Convertible Note”) to a Lender with an original principal amount of $3,170,000 that bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum and matures on September 28, 2019, unless earlier paid, redeemed or converted in accordance with its terms.

On March 13, 2019, the Company amended the Purchase Agreement pursuant to which it issued the Convertible Note (the “Amendment”). The Amendment extends the maturity of the Note to September 28, 2020. In addition, the redemption conversion rates were revised to a price to be determined by mutual agreement between the Company and the Holder. In the event that the Company and the Holder are unable to reach a mutually agreeable price, the Company will be required to pay the applicable redemption amount in cash. The maximum amount of the Convertible Note the Lender will be able to redeem in any given calendar month is $300,000.

The Company evaluated the Amendment in accordance with ASC 470, Debt (“ASC 470”) and determined the Amendment is considered an extinguishment of the existing debt and issuance of new debt. As a result, the Company derecognized the liability and recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $272,812 which was equal to the difference between the reacquisition price of the debt and the net carrying amount (amount due at maturity, adjusted for unamortized discounts) of the extinguished debt. Subsequently, the amended note was recorded in accordance with ASC 480 at the fair value that the note was issued with changes in fair value recorded through earnings at each reporting period.

There were a series of debt conversions in the period, which partially converted $1,400,000 of the $3,408,000 convertible debt, as amended, into stockholders’ equity, adding approximately $1,400,000 to shareholders’ equity. The number of shares issued in these conversions were 204,246 shares.

Interest expense associated with the amended note was $50,219 for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Note 12: Fair Value

The Company is required under U.S. GAAP to disclose information about the fair value of all the Company’s financial instruments, whether or not these instruments are measured at fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company estimates that the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their carrying values due to the short-term maturities of these items. The Company also has certain warrants with a cash settlement feature in the unlikely occurrence of a Fundamental Transaction, namely (1) a merger or consolidation with another person; (2) sale of substantially all of its assets; (3) holders of common stock sell 50% or more of outstanding shares; (4) the Company effects an exchange of all its securities for other securities, cash or property, and (5) the Company effects a stock purchase agreement or business combination for more than 50% of outstanding shares. The fair value of the redeemable warrants (“Warrants”) related to the Company’s August 2016, February 2017, June 2017, August 2017, April 2018 and March 2019 common stock warrant issuance, are calculated using a Monte Carlo Simulation. While the Monte Carlo Simulation is one of a number of possible pricing models, the Company has determined it to be industry accepted and fairly presented the fair value of the Warrants. As an additional factor to determine the fair value of the Put’s liability, the occurrence probability of a Fundamental Transaction event was factored into the valuation.

The Company recomputes the fair value of the Warrants at the issuance date and the end of each quarterly reporting period. Such value computation includes subjective input assumptions that are consistently applied each period. If the Company were to alter its assumptions or the numbers input based on such assumptions, the resulting fair value could be materially different.

The Company utilized the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of the August 2016 Warrants:

The Company utilized the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of the February 2017 Warrants:

The Company utilized the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of the June 2017 Warrants:

The Company utilized the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of the August 2017 Warrants:

The Company utilized the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of the April 2018 Warrants:

The Company utilized the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of the March 2019 Warrants:

The significant assumptions using the Monte Carlo Simulation approach for valuation of the Warrants are:

With the above factors utilized in analysis of the likelihood of the Put’s potential Liability, the Company estimated the range of probabilities related to a Put right being triggered as:

The Monte Carlo Simulation has incorporated a 5.0% probability of a Fundamental Transaction to date for the life of the securities.

While the assumptions remain consistent from period to period (e.g., using historical stock prices), the numbers input change from period to period (e.g., the actual historical prices input for the relevant period).

The Company applies FASB ASC 820 that defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The guidance does not impose any new requirements around which assets and liabilities are to be measured at fair value, and instead applies to asset and liability balances required or permitted to be measured at fair value under existing accounting pronouncements. The Company measures its warrant liability for those warrants with a cash settlement feature at fair value.

FASB ASC 820-10-35-37 establishes a valuation hierarchy based on the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of an asset or liability. Classification is based on the lowest level of inputs that is significant to the fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy contains three levels:

The table below presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the hierarchy as: