Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Nature of Business

FG Financial Group, Inc. (“FGF”, the “Company”, “we”, or “us”) is a reinsurance and asset management holding company. We focus on opportunistic collateralized and loss capped reinsurance, while allocating capital in partnership with Fundamental Global^®, and from time to time, other strategic investors, to special purpose acquisition companies (“SPAC”) and SPAC sponsor-related businesses. The Company’s principal business operations are conducted through its subsidiaries and affiliates. The Company also provides asset management services. From our inception in October 2012 through December 2019, we operated as an insurance holding company, writing property and casualty insurance throughout the states of Louisiana, Florida, and Texas. On December 2, 2019, we sold our three former insurance subsidiaries, and embarked upon our current strategy focused on reinsurance and asset management.

As of June 30, 2022, Fundamental Global GP, LLC, a privately owned asset management company (“FG”), and its affiliated entities, including Ballantyne Strong, Inc. (“BTN”), collectively beneficially owned approximately 58.8% of our common stock. D. Kyle Cerminara, Chairman of our Board of Directors, serves as Chief Executive Officer, Co-Founder and Partner of FG, and as Chairman of the board of directors of BTN.

Sale of the Insurance Business

On December 2, 2019, we completed the sale (“Asset Sale”) of our insurance subsidiaries to FedNat Holding Company for a combination of cash and FedNat common stock. The shares of FedNat common stock we received in the Asset Sale were issued to us pursuant to a standstill agreement which provides certain limitations and restrictions with respect to the voting and sale or transfer of the securities until December 2024. As of June 30, 2022, we continue to hold 355,371 shares of FedNat common stock.

Current Business

Our strategy has evolved to focus on opportunistic collateralized and loss capped reinsurance, with capital allocation to SPAC and SPAC sponsor-related businesses. As part of our refined focus, we have adopted the following capital allocation philosophy:

“Grow intrinsic value per share with a long-term focus using fundamental research, allocating capital to asymmetric risk/reward opportunities.”

Currently, the business operates as a diversified holding company of insurance, reinsurance, asset management and our “SPAC Platform” businesses.

Insurance

We are in the process of establishing a Risk Retention Group (“RRG”) for the purpose of providing directors and officers insurance coverage to SPAC vehicles. We intend to provide capital, along with other participants, to facilitate the underwriting of such insurance coverage. The Company will focus on fee income derived from originating, underwriting, and servicing the insurance business, while mitigating our financial risk with external reinsurance partners.

Reinsurance

The Company’s wholly owned reinsurance subsidiary, Fundamental Global Reinsurance Ltd. (“FGRe”), a Cayman Islands limited liability company, provides specialty property and casualty reinsurance. FGRe has been granted a Class B (iii) insurer license in accordance with the terms of The Insurance Act (as revised) of the Cayman Islands and underlying regulations thereto and is subject to regulation by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority (the “Authority”). The terms of the license require advance approval from the Authority should FGRe wish to enter into any reinsurance agreements which are not fully collateralized to their aggregate exposure limit. FGRe participates in a Funds at Lloyds syndicate covering risks written by the syndicate during the 2021 and 2022 calendar years. On April 1, 2021, FGRe entered into its second reinsurance contract with a leading insurtech company that provides automotive insurance utilizing driver monitoring to predictively segment and price drivers. In addition to renewing this contract for a second year, the Company added a second agreement with the automotive insurance provider as of April 1, 2022. Beginning January 1, 2022, FGRe participates in a quota share reinsurance contact with a startup homeowners’ insurance company with minimal activity as of June 30, 2022. On April 1, 2022, FGRe entered into a homeowners’ property catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance contract with a specialty insurance company covering loss occurrences from named tropical storms arising out of the Atlantic. These agreements limit exposure by loss-caps stipulated within the reinsurance contracts.

Asset Management

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, FG Strategic Consulting, LLC (“FGSC”) a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company has agreed to provide investment advisory services to FedNat, including identifying, analyzing and recommending potential investments, advising as to existing investments and investment optimization, recommending investment dispositions, and providing advice regarding macro-economic conditions. In exchange for providing the investment advisory services, FedNat has agreed to pay FGSC an annual fee of $100,000. The term of the Investment Advisory Agreement is five years, expiring on December 2, 2024.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

SPAC Platform

On December 21, 2020, we formed FG SPAC Solutions LLC (“FGSS”), a Delaware company, to facilitate the launch of our “SPAC Platform”. Under the SPAC Platform, we provide various strategic, administrative, and regulatory support services to newly formed SPACs for a monthly fee. Additionally, the Company co-founded a partnership, FG SPAC Partners, LP (“FGSP”) to participate as a co-sponsor for newly formed SPACs. The Company also participates in the risk capital investments associated with the launch of such SPACs through its Asset Management business, specifically FG Special Situations Fund, LP. (“Fund”). As discussed in Note 4, the Company has consolidated the results of the Fund through November 30, 2021; however, effective December 1, 2021, the Company began accounting for its investment in the Fund under the equity method. The first transaction entered into under the SPAC Platform occurred on January 11, 2021, by and among FGSS and Aldel Investors, LLC, the sponsor of Aldel Financial, Inc. (“Aldel”), a special purpose acquisition company which completed its business combination with Hagerty (NYSE: HGTY) on December 2, 2021. Under the services agreement between FGSS and Aldel Investors, LLC (the “Agreement”), FGSS provided accounting, regulatory, strategic advisory, and other administrative services to Aldel, which included assistance with negotiations with potential merger targets for the SPAC as well as assistance with the de-SPAC process.

In March and April 2022, the Company continued to build upon its SPAC Platform strategy. On March 3, 2022, FG Merger Corp. (“FG Merger”) (Nasdaq: FGMCU) announced the closing of an $80.5 million IPO in the United States, including the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters in the offering. Similarly, on April 5, 2022, FG Acquisition Corp. (“FG Acquisition”) (TSX:FGAA.V), announced the closing of a $115 million IPO in Canada, including the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters in the offering. The Company participated in the risk capital associated with the launch of the SPACs through its asset management business, specifically FG Special Situations Fund, LP. Mr. Cerminara, our Chairman, Larry G. Swets, Jr., our Director and Chief Executive Officer, and Hassan R. Baqar, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, also hold financial interests in the SPACs and/or their sponsor companies. Additionally, Messrs. Cerminara, Swets, and Baqar are managers of the sponsor companies of FG Merger and FG Acquisition. Mr. Swets serves as Chairman of FG Merger, while Messrs. Baqar and Cerminara serve as Director and Senior Advisor of FG Merger, respectively. Mr. Swets serves as Chief Executive Officer and Director of FG Acquisition. Mr. Baqar serves as Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Director of FG Acquisition. Mr. Cerminara serves as Chairman of FG Acquisition.

In the aggregate, the Company’s indirect exposure to FG Merger through its subsidiaries represents potential beneficial ownership of approximately 820,000 shares of FG Merger’s common stock, approximately 989,000 warrants with an $11.50 exercise price and 5-year expiration, and approximately 85,000 warrants with a $15.00 exercise price and 10-year expiration. The Company has invested approximately $2.6 million in FG Merger through its subsidiaries. The Company’s indirect exposure in FG Acquisition through its subsidiaries represents potential beneficial ownership of approximately 819,000 shares of FG Acquisition’s common stock, approximately 1,400,000 million warrants with an $11.50 exercise price and 5-year expiration (the “FGAC Warrants”), approximately 440,000 warrants with a $15 exercise price and 10-year expiration, and either (i) up to approximately an additional 1,600,000 FGAC Warrants, or (ii) up to approximately $2 million in cash, or (iii) a pro-rata combination of such FGAC Warrants and cash, based on certain adjustment provisions and the level of redemptions of FG Acquisition’s publicly traded warrants at the time of a business combination. The Company has invested approximately $3.4 million in FG Acquisition through its subsidiaries.

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Consolidation Policies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and entities in which it is required to consolidate under either the Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) or Voting Interest Entity (“VOE”) models. Both models require the reporting entity to identify whether it has a controlling financial interest in a legal entity and is therefore required to consolidate the legal entity. Under the VOE model, a reporting entity with ownership of a majority of the voting interest of a legal entity is generally considered to have a controlling financial interest. The VIE model was established for situations in which control may be demonstrated other than by the possession of voting rights in a legal entity and instead focuses on the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the legal entity’s economic performance, as well as the rights to receive benefits and obligations to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the legal entity.

The determination of whether a legal entity is consolidated under either model is reassessed where there is a substantive change in the governing documents or contractual arrangements of the entity, to the capital structure of the entity or in the activities of the entity. The Company continuously reassesses whether it should consolidate under either model.

In September 2020, the Company invested approximately $5.0 million to sponsor the launch of the Fund. The Fund, a VIE which the Company was required to consolidate through November 30, 2021, is considered an investment company for GAAP purposes and follows the accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 946, Financial Services-Investment Companies, which includes the presentation of its investments at fair value. Beginning December 1, 2021, the Company has accounted for its investment in the Fund under the equity method of accounting.

See Note 4 for additional information regarding the Company’s consolidated investments.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Discontinued Operations

Due to the sale of all of the issued and outstanding equity of our previous insurance business on December 2, 2019, these operations have been classified as discontinued operations in the Company’s financial statements presented herein. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, we recognized a gain from the sale of this business for approximately $145,000. This was related to a final true-up and settlement in the first quarter 2021, for income taxes due to the Company under the sale agreement. The following table presents a reconciliation of the major classes of line items constituting pretax profit (loss) of discontinued operations to the after-tax profit (loss) of discontinued operations that are presented in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

The Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates and their underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Changes in estimates are recorded in the accounting period in which they are determined. The critical accounting estimates and assumptions in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the valuation of our investments, the valuation of net deferred income taxes and deferred policy acquisition costs, premium revenue recognition, reserves for loss and loss adjustment expenses, and stock-based compensation expense.

Investments in Equity Securities

Investments in equity securities are carried at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded to the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of net investment income.

Other Investments

Other investments consist, in part, of equity investments made in privately held companies accounted for under the equity method. We utilize the equity method to account for investments when we possess the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The ability to exercise significant influence is presumed when the investor possesses more than 20% of the voting interests of the investee. This presumption may be overcome based on specific facts and circumstances that demonstrate that the ability to exercise significant influence is restricted. We apply the equity method to investments in common stock and to other investments when such other investments possess substantially identical subordinated interests to common stock.

In applying the equity method, we record the investment at cost and subsequently increase or decrease the carrying amount of the investment by our proportionate share of the net earnings or losses and other comprehensive income of the investee. We record dividends or other equity distributions as reductions in the carrying value of the investment. Should net losses of the investee reduce the carrying amount of the investment to zero, additional net losses may be recorded if other investments in the investee are at-risk, even if we have not committed to provide financial support to the investee. Such additional equity method losses, if any, are based upon the change in our claim on the investee’s book value.

When we receive distributions from our equity method investments, we utilize the cumulative earnings approach. When classifying the related cash flows under this approach, the Company compares the cumulative distributions received, less distributions received in prior periods, with the Company’s cumulative equity in earnings. Cumulative distributions that do not exceed cumulative equity in earnings represent returns on investment and are classified as cash inflows from operating activities. Cumulative distributions in excess of cumulative equity in earnings represent returns on investment and are classified as cash inflows from investing activities.

Other investments also consist of equity we have purchased in a limited partnership and a limited liability company for which there does not exist a readily determinable fair value. The Company accounts for these investments at their cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Any profit distributions the Company receives on these investments are included in net investment income.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less.

Pursuant to the Company’s insurance license, the Authority has required that FGRe hold a minimum capital requirement of $200,000 in cash in a bank in the Cayman Islands which holds an “A” license issued under the Banks and Trust Companies Act (2020 Revision).

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Income Taxes

The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for (i) the differences between the financial statement carrying amount of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and (ii) loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the date of enactment. Future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not and a valuation allowance is established for any portion of a deferred tax asset that management believes will not be realized. Current federal income taxes are charged or credited to operations based upon amounts estimated to be payable or recoverable as a result of taxable operations for the current year. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense (benefit).

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk include investments, cash, and deposits with reinsured companies. The Company maintains its cash with a major U.S. domestic banking institution which is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) for up to $250,000. As of June 30, 2022 the Company held funds in excess of these FDIC insured amounts. The terms of these deposits are on demand to mitigate some of the associated risk. The Company has not incurred losses related to these deposits.

Premium Revenue Recognition

The Company participates in quota-share contracts and estimates the ultimate premiums for the contract period. These estimates are based on information received from the ceding companies, whereby premiums are recorded as written in the same periods in which the underlying insurance contracts are written and are based on cession statements from cedents. These statements are received quarterly and in arrears, and thus, for any reporting lag, premiums written are estimated based on the portion of the ultimate estimated premiums relating to the risks underwritten during the lag period.

Premium estimates are reviewed by management periodically. Such review includes a comparison of actual reported premiums to expected ultimate premiums. Based on management’s review, the appropriateness of the premium estimates is evaluated, and any adjustments to these estimates are recorded in the period in which they are determined. Changes in premium estimates, including premiums receivable, are not unusual and may result in significant adjustments in any period. A significant portion of amounts included in “Reinsurance balances receivable” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represents estimated premiums written, net of commissions, brokerage, and loss and loss adjustment expense, and are not currently due based on the terms of the underlying contracts. Additional premiums due on a contract that has no remaining coverage period are earned in full when written.

Premiums written are generally recognized as earned over the contract period in proportion to the risk covered. Unearned premiums represent the unexpired portion of reinsurance provided.

Policy Acquisition Costs

Policy acquisition costs are costs that vary with, and are directly related to, the successful production of new and renewal business, and consist principally of commissions, taxes and brokerage expenses. If the sum of a contract’s expected losses and loss expenses and deferred acquisition costs exceeds associated unearned premiums and expected investment income, a premium deficiency is determined to exist. In this event, deferred acquisition costs are written off to the extent necessary to eliminate the premium deficiency. If the premium deficiency exceeds deferred acquisition costs then a liability is accrued for the excess deficiency. There were no premium deficiency adjustments recognized during the periods presented herein.

Funds Held by Cedents

“Funds Deposited with Reinsured Companies” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets includes amounts held by cedents provided to support our reinsurance contracts. On November 12, 2020, FGRe, our Cayman Islands based reinsurance subsidiary, initially funded a trust account at Lloyd’s with approximately $2.4 million cash, to collateralize its obligations under a quota-share agreement with a Funds at Lloyds syndicate. The initial contract covered our quota-share percentage of all risks written by the syndicate for the 2021 calendar year. On November 30, 2021, we entered into an agreement with the same syndicate, slightly increasing our quota-share percentage of the risks the syndicate writes for the 2022 calendar year. This resulted in FGRe’s posting an additional $1.0 million in cash collateral to the account. In June 2022, FGRe received approximately $0.4 million in a partial return of initial collateral. During 2021, we also posted cash collateral in the approximate amount of $1.0 million, to support our automotive insurance quota-share agreement entered on April 1, 2021.

As of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the total cash collateral posted to support all of our reinsurance treaties was approximately $4.0 million and $4.4 million, respectively.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves

The Company maintains reserves equal to our estimated ultimate liability for losses and loss adjustment expense for reported and unreported claims from our reinsurance business. Loss and loss adjustment reserve estimates are based primarily on estimates derived from reports the Company has received from ceding companies. The Company then uses a variety of statistical and actuarial techniques to monitor reserve adequacy. When setting reserves, the Company considers many factors including: (1) the types of exposures and projected ultimate premium to be written by our cedants; (2) expected loss ratios by type of business; (3) actuarial methodologies which analyze loss reporting and payment experience, reports from ceding companies and historical trends; and (4) general economic conditions. The Company also engages independent actuarial specialists, at least annually, to assist management in establishing appropriate reserves. Since reserves are estimates, the final settlement of losses may vary from the reserves established, and any adjustments to the estimates, which may be material, are recorded in the period they are determined. The final settlement of losses may vary, perhaps materially, from the reserves recorded.

U.S. GAAP does not permit establishing loss reserves, which include case reserves and IBNR loss reserves, until the occurrence of an event which may give rise to a claim. As a result, only loss reserves applicable to losses incurred up to the reporting date are established, with no allowance for the establishment of loss reserves to account for expected future loss events.

Generally, the Company obtains regular updates of premium and loss related information for the current and historical periods, which are utilized to update the initial expected loss ratio. We also experience a lag between (i) claims being reported by the underlying insured to the Company’s cedent and (ii) claims being reported by the Company’s cedent to the Company. This lag may impact the Company’s loss reserve estimates. Client reports have pre-determined due dates (for example, thirty days after each month end). As a result, the lag depends in part upon the terms of the specific contract. The timing of the reporting requirements is designed so that the Company receives premium and loss information as soon as practicable once the client has closed its books. Accordingly, there should be a short lag in such reporting. Additionally, most of the contracts that have the potential for large single event losses have provisions that such loss notifications are provided to the Company immediately upon the occurrence of an event.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has accounted for stock-based compensation under the provisions of ASC Topic 718 – Stock Compensation which requires the use of the fair-value based method to determine compensation for all arrangements under which employees and others receive shares of stock or equity instruments. The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model using assumptions for expected volatility, expected dividends, expected term, and the risk-free interest rate along with multiple Monte Carlo simulations to determine a derived service period as the options vest based upon meeting certain performance conditions. The fair value of each stock option award is recorded as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the period in which the stock options vest, with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital.

The Company has also issued restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain of its employees and directors which have been accounted for as equity-based awards since, upon vesting, they are required to be settled in the Company’s common shares. We have used the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date the RSUs were issued to estimate the grant date fair value of those RSUs which vest solely based upon the passage of time, as well as a Monte Carlo valuation model to estimate the fair value of those RSUs which vest solely upon market-based conditions. The fair value of each RSU is recorded as compensation expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the expected period over which the awards will vest. In the case of those RSUs which vest upon market-based conditions, should the market-based condition be achieved prior to the expiration of the derived service period, any unrecognized cost will be recorded as compensation expense in the period in which the RSUs actually vest.

Based upon the Company’s historical forfeiture rates relating to stock options and RSUs, the Company has not made any adjustment to stock compensation expense for expected forfeitures as of June 30, 2022.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of certain financial instruments, including cash, short-term investments, deposits held, accounts payable, and other accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company measures the fair value of financial instruments in accordance with GAAP which defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset (or paid to transfer a liability) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset (or liability) in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. See Note 4 for further information on the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the respective period.

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share assumes conversion of all potentially dilutive outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, warrants or other convertible financial instruments. Potential common shares outstanding are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share if their effect is anti-dilutive.

Note 3. Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

ASU 2016-13: Financial Instruments – Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13: Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 was issued to provide financial statement users with more useful information regarding the expected credit losses on financial instruments held as assets. Under current GAAP, financial statement recognition for credit losses on financial instruments is generally delayed until the occurrence of the loss was probable. The amendments of ASU 2016-13 eliminate this probable initial recognition threshold and instead reflect an entity’s current estimate of all expected credit losses. The amendments also broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimates for those assets measured at amortized cost by using forecasted information instead of the current methodology which only considered past events and current conditions. Under ASU 2016-13, credit losses on certain types of financial instruments will be measured in a manner similar to current GAAP; however, the amendments require that credit losses be presented as an allowance against the financial instrument, rather than as a write-down. The amendments also allow the entity to record reversals of credit losses in current period net income, which is prohibited under current GAAP. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted, however smaller reporting companies, like the Company, may delay adoption until January 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements. We anticipate that the amounts we record as due to us from our cedant companies under our reinsurance contracts will be impacted by the adoption of ASU 2016-13, requiring us to record an allowance for any projected losses we may incur on these assets. The Company has begun evaluating their position by pooling contracts with shared risk characteristics, evaluating credit worthiness of the counterparties, and defining exposure through contract length, total reinsurance exposure, and collateralized position.

Note 4. Investments and Fair Value Disclosures

The following table summarizes the Company’s investments held at fair value as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

FedNat Common Stock

As of June 30, 2022, the Company held 355,371 shares of FedNat Holding Company common stock (Nasdaq: FNHC). Of the total 1,773,102 shares of FedNat common stock which the Company had received as consideration for the Asset Sale, the Company has disposed of 1,417,731 shares. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company sold 435,000 shares of FedNat common stock on the open market. Pursuant to the Standstill Agreement entered into between the Company and FedNat at the closing of the Asset Sale, the Company is restricted as to the timing and number of FedNat shares it can dispose of.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Deconsolidation of Subsidiary

The Company’s original investment in FG Special Situations Fund, LP (the “Fund”), a Delaware limited partnership, consisted of an investment as both a limited and general partner. At the time of the Company’s initial investment into the Fund, in September 2020, the Company had determined that its investment represented an investment in a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in which the Company was the primary beneficiary and as such, had consolidated the financial results of the Fund through November 30, 2021. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether it remains the primary beneficiary and continuously reconsiders that conclusion. On December 1, 2021, the Company no longer had the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the Fund, and accordingly derecognized the related assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling interests of the Fund as of that date. The Company did not receive any consideration in the deconsolidation of the Fund, nor did it record any gain or loss upon deconsolidation as the Company carried its investment at fair value. The assets and liabilities of the Fund, over which the Company lost control, were as follows:

While the Company’s investments in the Fund are no longer consolidated, the Company has retained its interest in all of the investments held at the Fund. Accordingly, the Company has not presented its investment in the Fund as a discontinued operation. Effective December 1, 2021, the Company began accounting for its investment in the Fund via the equity method of accounting.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Equity Method Investments

As of June 30, 2022, equity method investments include our investment in FG SPAC Partners, LP (“FGSP”). On January 4, 2021, FGSP was formed as a Delaware limited partnership to co-sponsor newly formed SPACs with their founders or partners. The Company is the sole managing member of the general partner of FGSP and holds a limited partner interest in FGSP directly and through its subsidiaries. FGSP participates as a co-sponsor of the SPACs launched under our SPAC Platform. We have recorded equity method losses from our investment in FGSP of approximately $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The carrying value of our investment in FGSP as of June 30, 2022 was approximately $2.4 million, all of which is in the form of undistributed earnings.

Certain investments held by our equity method investees are valued using Monte-Carlo simulation and option pricing models. Inherent in Monte-Carlo simulation and option pricing models are assumptions related to expected volatility and discount for lack of marketability of the underlying investment. Our investees estimate the volatility of these investments based on the historical performance of various broad market indices blended with various peer companies which they consider as having similar characteristics to the underlying investment.

As previously discussed under the heading “Deconsolidation of Subsidiary,” equity method investments also include our investment in the Fund as of June 30, 2022. Until December 1, 2021, we had consolidated the Fund as a variable interest entity, however, effective December 1, 2021, we began accounting for this investment under the equity method of accounting. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we received distributions in the approximate amount of $3.3 million from the Fund and recognized approximately $5.0 million in equity method losses through our investment in the Fund. As of June 30, 2022, the carrying value of our investment in the Fund was approximately $8.1 million.

Financial information for our investments accounted for under the equity method, in the aggregate, is as follows:

Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Value

In addition to our equity method investments, other investments as listed on our balance sheet also consist of equity we have purchased in a limited partnership and a limited liability company for which there does not exist readily determinable fair values. The Company accounts for these investments at their cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Any profit distributions the Company receives on these investments are included in net investment income. The Company’s total investment in these two entities was approximately $331,000 as of June 30, 2022. Both investments began returning capital to investors beginning in 2020. As of June 30, 2022, the Company has received approximately 57% of its initial $776,000 investment in these entities. There have been no upward or downward price adjustments to these investments for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

Impairment

For equity securities without readily determinable fair values, impairment is determined via a qualitative assessment which considers indicators to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. Some of these indicators include a significant deterioration in the earnings performance or asset quality of the investee, a significant adverse change in regulatory, economic or general market conditions in which the investee operates, or doubt over an investee’s ability to continue as a going concern. If the investment is deemed to be impaired after conducting this analysis, the Company would estimate the fair value of the investment to determine the amount of impairment loss.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For equity method investments, such as the Company’s investments in FGSP and the Fund, evidence of a loss in value might include a series of operating losses of an investee, the absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment, or a deterioration in the value of the investee’s underlying assets. If these, or other indicators lead to the conclusion that there is a decrease in the value of the investment that is other than temporary, the Company would recognize that decrease in value even though the decrease may be in excess of what would otherwise be recognized under the equity method of accounting.

The risks and uncertainties inherent in the assessment methodology used to determine impairment include, but may not be limited to, the following:

We have not recorded an impairment on our investments for either of the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

Net investment income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. The FASB has issued guidance that defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset (or paid to transfer a liability) in the principal, or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants. This guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance categorizes assets and liabilities at fair value into one of three different levels depending on the observation of the inputs employed in the measurements, as follows:

The availability of valuation techniques and observable inputs can vary from investment to investment and are affected by a variety of factors, including the type of investment, whether the investment is new and not yet established in the marketplace, the liquidity of markets and other characteristics specific to the individual investment. In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. When determining fair value, the Company uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

We have valued our investment in FedNat at its last reported sales price as the shares are traded on a national exchange. They have been characterized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial instruments measured, on a recurring basis, at fair value as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 in accordance with the guidance promulgated by the FASB are as follows.

Note 5. Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves

A significant degree of judgment is required to determine amounts recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the provision for loss and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”) reserves. The process for establishing this provision reflects the uncertainties and significant judgmental factors inherent in predicting future results of both known and unknown loss events. The process of establishing the provision for loss and LAE reserves relies on the judgment and opinions of many individuals, including the opinions of the Company’s management, as well as the management of ceding companies and their actuaries.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented, and the Company does not have previous loss experience on which to base the associated estimate for loss and loss adjustment expenses. In estimating losses, the Company may assess any of the following:

Assumptions which served as the basis for the Company’s estimates of reserves for the COVID-19 pandemic losses and loss adjustment expenses include:

Under the terms of certain of our quota-share agreements, and due to the nature of claims and premium reporting, a lag exists between (i) claims being reported by the underlying insured to the Company’s cedent and (ii) claims being reported by the Company’s cedent to the Company. This lag may impact the Company’s loss reserve estimates. The reports we receive from our cedents have pre-determined due dates. In the case of the Company’s FAL contract, second quarter 2022 premium and loss information will not be made available to the Company until subsequent to the filing of this quarterly report. Thus, our second quarter results, including the loss and loss adjustment expense reserves presented herein, have been based upon a combination of actual results for the first quarter 2022 as well as forecasts for the remainder of 2022 reported to us by the ceding companies. We have approximated second quarter 2022 results under our contracts based upon this historical and forecasted information.

While the Company believes its estimate of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves are adequate as of June 30, 2022, based on available information, actual losses may ultimately differ materially from the Company’s current estimates. The Company will continue to monitor the appropriateness of its assumptions as new information is provided.

A summary of changes in outstanding loss and loss adjustment expense reserves for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, is as follows:

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Actual income tax expense (benefit) differs from the income tax expense computed by applying the applicable effective federal and state tax rates to income before income tax expense as follows:

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes as compared to the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company’s gross deferred tax assets and liabilities are $7.9 million and $0.2 million as of June 30, 2022. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets of $7.7 million, as of June 30, 2022, due to the uncertain nature surrounding our ability to realize these tax benefits in the future. Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets are as follows:

As of June 30, 2022, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) for federal income tax purposes of approximately $17.5 million, which will be available to offset future taxable income. Approximately $0.5 million expire on December 31, 2039, $0.1 million expire on December 31, 2040, and $1.6 million of the Company’s NOLs will expire on December 31, 2041. The remaining $15.3 million of the Company’s NOLs do not expire under current tax law. Additionally, the Company has approximately $2.3 million of capital loss carryforward that can only be used to offset capital gains and which will expire in December 2026 if not used prior.

As of June 30, 2022, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. The Company analyzed its tax positions in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes, and has determined that there are currently no uncertain tax positions. The Company generally recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 7. Equity Incentive Plan Grants

On December 15, 2021, our shareholders approved the FG Financial Group, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The purpose of the 2021 Plan is to attract and retain directors, consultants, officers and other key employees of the Company and its subsidiaries and to provide to such persons incentives and rewards for superior performance. The 2021 Plan is administered by the Compensation and Management Resources Committee of the Board and has a term of ten years. The 2021 Plan awards may be in the form of stock options (which may be incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options), stock appreciation rights (or “SARs”), restricted shares, restricted share units, and other share-based awards, and provides for a maximum of 1,500,000 shares available for issuance.

As of June 30, 2022, the Company had 133,859 RSUs outstanding and 130,000 non-qualified stock options outstanding under its equity incentive plans.

On December 17, 2021, we issued a total of 83,329 RSUs to our non-employee directors. The RSUs vest in five equal annual installments, beginning with the first anniversary of the grant date, other than those RSUs granted to a former director. As the former director made himself available to serve on the Board but was not elected to do so at the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of shareholders, the Board accelerated the vesting of his RSUs, such that they all vested on January 1, 2022. This included 14,492 RSUs granted on December 17, 2021, as well as an additional 15,224 RSUs previously granted.

Stock Options Outstanding

On January 12, 2021, in connection with Larry G. Swets, Jr.’s appointment as Chief Executive Officer, the Company entered into a Stock Option Agreement (the “Stock Option”) with Mr. Swets. The Stock Option entitles Mr. Swets to purchase up to 130,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.38 per share. The Stock Option becomes vested and fully exercisable in 20% increments on each anniversary of the grant date, provided that Mr. Swets remains in the continuous service of the Company through each applicable vesting date and that the Company’s book value per share has increased by 15% or more as compared to the Company’s book value per share as of the fiscal year end prior. The Stock Option expires on January 11, 2031.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The Stock Option contains performance and service conditions that affect vesting. Pursuant to ASC Topic 718- Stock Compensation, these conditions have not been reflected in estimating the fair value of the award upon its grant date; however, the Company employed a Monte-Carlo model to estimate the likelihood of satisfaction of the required performance and service conditions. This resulted in a derived service period of approximately 3.3 years under the grant.

In estimating the fair value of the Stock Option, the Company estimated volatility based on the historical volatility of our stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the Stock Option. The expected life of the Stock Option is assumed to be equivalent to its contractual term. The dividend rate is based on our historical rate, which the Company anticipates will remain at zero. The following assumptions were used to determine the estimated fair value of the Stock Option:

The following table summarizes activity for stock options issued for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

On January 18, 2021, Company entered into an Equity Award Letter Agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with Mr. Swets, pursuant to which the Company clarified its intention to grant an additional 370,000 stock options, restricted shares or restricted stock units pursuant to a future award (the “Future Award”), subject to the approval of an amended and/or new equity plan, among other conditions. Specifically, under the Letter Agreement, no such Future Award may be granted until there is a determination by the Compensation Committee of the specific vesting and other terms of the award.

Total stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $115,000 and $247,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, total unrecognized stock compensation expense of approximately $495,000 remains, which will be recognized through December 31, 2026. Stock compensation expense has been reflected in the Company’s financial statements as part of general and administrative expense.

Warrants

No warrants were granted or exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. On February 24, 2022, 1,500,000 warrants with an exercise price of $15.00 expired. As of June 30, 2022, the Company did not have any warrants outstanding.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 8. Related Party Transactions

Related party transactions are carried out in the normal course of operations and are measured in part by the amount of consideration paid or received, as established and agreed by the parties. Management believes that consideration paid for such services in each case approximates fair value. Except where disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the following is a summary of related party transactions.

Joint Venture Agreement

On March 31, 2020, the Company entered into the Limited Liability Company Agreement of Fundamental Global Asset Management, LLC (“FGAM”), a newly formed joint venture owned 50% by each of the Company and FG. The purpose of FGAM is to sponsor, capitalize and provide strategic advice to investment managers in connection with the launch and/or growth of their asset management businesses and the investment products they sponsor (each, a “Sponsored Fund”).

FGAM is governed by a Board of Managers consisting of four managers, two of which have been appointed by each Member. The Company has appointed two of its independent directors to the Board of Managers of FGAM. Certain major actions, including any decision to sponsor a new investment manager, require the prior consent of both Members.

FG Special Situations Fund

As of June 30, 2022, the Company had invested $12.1 million, net of redemptions at cost, as a limited partner in the Fund. The general partner of the Fund, and the investment advisor of the Fund are ultimately controlled by Mr. Cerminara, the Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors. Portions of the Company’s investment into the Fund were used to sponsor the launch of SPACS affiliated with certain of our officers and directors.

Mr. Cerminara, our chairman, and Mr. Swets, our Chief Executive Officer and Director, are managers of the sponsor company of FG New America Acquisition Corp (“FGNA”). Mr. Cerminara, Mr. Swets and Mr. Baqar, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, serve as managers of the sponsor companies of FG Merger and FG Acquisition. Until FGNA’s business combination with OppFi (NYSE: OPFI), Mr. Swets was the Chief Executive Officer and a Director of FGNA, Mr. Cerminara was the Director of FGNA, and Mr. Baqar was the Chief Financial Officer of FGNA. Until Aldel’s business combination with Hagerty, Mr. Swets served as Senior Advisor to Aldel, Mr. Baqar served as Chief Financial Officer of Aldel, and Mr. Cerminara served as a Director of Aldel. Messrs. Cerminara, Swets, and Baqar also hold financial interests in the SPACs and/or their sponsor companies. Mr. Swets serves as Chairman of FG Merger, while Messrs. Baqar and Cerminara serve as Director and Senior Advisor of FG Merger, respectively. Mr. Swets serves as Chief Executive Officer and Director of FG Acquisition. Mr. Baqar serves as Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Director of FG Acquisition. Mr. Cerminara serves as Chairman of FG Acquisition.

FG SPAC Partners

FGSP was formed to co-sponsor newly formed SPACs with their founders or partners. The Company is the sole managing member of the general partner of FGSP and holds a limited partner interest in FGSP. Certain of our directors and officers also hold limited partner interests in FGSP. Mr. Swets holds a limited partner interest through Itasca Financial LLC, an advisory and investment firm for which Mr. Swets is managing member. Mr. Baqar also holds a limited partner interest through Sequoia Financial LLC, an advisory firm for which Mr. Baqar is managing member. Mr. Cerminara also holds a limited partner interest through Fundamental Global, LLC, a holding company for which Mr. Cerminara is the manager and one of the members.

FGSP has invested in the founder shares and warrants of Aldel, FG Merger and FG Acquisition. Certain of our directors and officers are affiliated with these SPACs and their sponsor companies as described above.

Investment Advisory Agreement

FGSC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, provides investment advisory services to FedNat, including identifying, analyzing and recommending potential investments, advising as to existing investments and investment optimization, recommending investment dispositions, and providing advice regarding macro-economic conditions. In exchange for providing the investment advisory services, FedNat pays FGSC an annual fee of $100,000. The Investment Advisory Agreement expires on December 2, 2024.

Shared Services Agreement

On March 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Shared Services Agreement (the “Shared Services Agreement”) with Fundamental Global Management, LLC (“FGM”), an affiliate of FG, pursuant to which FGM provides the Company with certain services related to the day-to-day management of the Company, including assisting with regulatory compliance, evaluating the Company’s financial and operational performance, providing a management team to supplement the executive officers of the Company, and such other services consistent with those customarily performed by executive officers and employees of a public company. In exchange for these services, the Company pays FGM a fee of $456,000 per quarter (the “Shared Services Fee”), plus reimbursement of expenses incurred by FGM in connection with the performance of the Services, subject to certain limitations approved by the Company’s Board of Directors or Compensation Committee from time to time.

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The Shared Services Agreement has an initial term of three years, and thereafter renews automatically for successive one-year terms unless terminated in accordance with its terms. The Shared Services Agreement may be terminated by FGM or by the Company, by a vote of the Company’s independent directors, at the end of the initial or automatic renewal term upon 120 days’ notice, subject to payment by the Company of certain costs incurred by FGM to wind down the provision of services and, in the case of a termination by the Company without cause, payment of a termination fee equal to the Shared Services Fee paid for the two quarters preceding termination.

Subsequent to June 30, 2022, the Shared Services Agreement has been amended to eliminate termination fees and to increase the termination notice from 120 days to 365 days.

The Company paid $912,500 to FGM under the Shared Services Agreement for each of the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Note 9. Net Earnings Per Share

Net earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the periods presented. In calculating diluted earnings per share, those potential common shares that are found to be anti-dilutive are excluded from the calculation. The table below provides a summary of the numerators and denominators used in determining basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and 2021 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings:

As of June 30, 2022, the Company was not a party to any legal proceedings and was not aware of any material claims or actions pending or threatened against us. From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Currently, it is not possible to predict legal outcomes and their impact on the future development of claims. Any such development will be affected by future court decisions and interpretations. Because of these uncertainties, additional liabilities may arise for amounts in excess of the Company’s current reserves.

Operating Lease Commitments:

In July 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office space in St. Petersburg, FL. The lease had a term of 12 months. Total minimum rent over the 12-month term was approximately $17,000. Due to the short-term nature of the lease, the Company recognized lease expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, with any variable lease payments recognized in the period in which the obligation for the payment occurred. Rent expense was approximately $10,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

In April 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office space in Itasca, IL. The lease has a term of 44 months beginning on May 1, 2022. Total minimum rent over the term of the lease is expected to be approximately $77,000. The Company has accounted for the lease under ASC 842. As of June 30, 2022, the right of use asset and lease liability are approximately $65,000, each, and held in “Other assets” and “Other liabilities” on the balance sheet. Rent expense was approximately $3,500 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Future minimum lease commitments are as follows:

FG FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. Adverse events such as health-related concerns about working in our offices, the inability to travel and other matters affecting the general work environment have negatively impacted and could continue to harm our business and our business strategy. The extent to which our operations and investments may continue to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new developments concerning the severity of the pandemic and actions by government authorities to contain the pandemic or treat its impact. Furthermore, the impacts of a potential worsening of global economic conditions and the continued disruptions to and volatility in the financial markets remain unknown. In the event of a major disruption caused by the pandemic, we may lose the services of our employees, experience system interruptions or face challenges accessing the capital or credit markets, which could lead to diminishment of our business operations. Any of the foregoing could harm our business and delay the implementation of our business strategy.

Impact of Russian/Ukraine Conflict

Management is currently evaluating the impact of rising interest rates, inflation and the Russia-Ukraine war and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that any of these could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position and results of its operations, the specific impact is not readily determinable as of the date of these unaudited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Note 11. Segment Reporting

The Company has two operating segments—insurance and asset management. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The measure of profit or loss used by the CODM to identify and measure the Company’s reportable segments is income before income tax. Our insurance segment consists of the operations of our Cayman Islands-based reinsurance subsidiary, FGRe, which, as of June 30, 2022, included our six reinsurance agreements, as well as the returns associated with the investments made by our reinsurance operations, which include the Company’s FedNat common stock investment, as well as a portion of our investments in the SPACs which we have sponsored. Our asset management segment includes our investment in the Fund, as well as our investment advisory agreement with FedNat.

The following table presents the financial information for each segment that is specifically identifiable or based on allocations using internal methodology as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. The ‘other’ category in the table below consists largely of corporate general and administrative expenses which have not been allocated to a specific segment. Segment assets for the “other” category primarily consist of unrestricted cash in the amounts of $11.4 million and $9.1 million as of June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.