UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
ý       Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015
 
o          Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the Transition Period from                      to                     
 
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-34948

GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
 
27-2963337
(State or other jurisdiction of
 
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporating or organization)
 
Identification Number)
110 N. Wacker Dr., Chicago, IL
 
60606
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
(312) 960-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   ý Yes   o   No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   ý Yes   o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.
Large accelerated filer x
 
Accelerated filer o
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer o  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   o  Yes  ý No
 
Indicate by checkmark whether the Registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12,13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.   ý Yes   o No

The number of shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value, outstanding on April 28, 2015 was 886,203,025.
 


Table of Contents

GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
INDEX
 
 
PAGE
NUMBER
 
 
 
Part I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


2

Table of Contents

GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
 
March 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Assets:
 
 
 
Investment in real estate:
 

 
 

Land
$
3,639,735

 
$
4,244,607

Buildings and equipment
16,208,711

 
18,028,844

Less accumulated depreciation
(2,140,032
)
 
(2,280,845
)
Construction in progress
331,604

 
703,859

Net property and equipment
18,040,018

 
20,696,465

Investment in and loans to/from Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
3,474,620

 
2,604,762

Net investment in real estate
21,514,638

 
23,301,227

Cash and cash equivalents
173,273

 
372,471

Accounts and notes receivable, net
624,153

 
663,768

Deferred expenses, net
173,909

 
184,491

Prepaid expenses and other assets
846,965

 
813,777

Assets held for disposition
94,730

 

Total assets
$
23,427,668

 
$
25,335,734

 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 

 
 
Mortgages, notes and loans payable
$
13,763,034

 
$
15,998,289

Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
36,108

 
35,598

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
715,313

 
934,897

Dividend payable
157,968

 
154,694

Deferred tax liabilities
8,588

 
21,240

Junior subordinated notes
206,200

 
206,200

Liabilities held for disposition
67,000

 

Total liabilities
14,954,211

 
17,350,918

 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 

 
 

Preferred
168,736

 
164,031

Common
141,679

 
135,265

Total redeemable noncontrolling interests
310,415

 
299,296

 
 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies

 

 
 
 
 
Equity:
 

 
 

Common stock:
 
 
 
11,000,000,000 shares authorized, $0.01 par value, 969,543,198 issued, 886,114,613 outstanding as of March 31, 2015, and 968,340,597 issued, 884,912,012 outstanding as of December 31, 2014
9,421

 
9,409

Preferred Stock:
 
 
 
500,000,000 shares authorized, $.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014
242,042

 
242,042

Additional paid-in capital
11,363,799

 
11,351,625

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
(2,342,725
)
 
(2,822,740
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(69,263
)
 
(51,753
)
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 55,969,390 shares as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014
(1,122,664
)
 
(1,122,664
)
Total stockholders’ equity
8,080,610

 
7,605,919

Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate affiliates
78,695

 
79,601

Noncontrolling interest related to long-term incentive plan common units
3,737

 

Total equity
8,163,042

 
7,685,520

Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity
$
23,427,668

 
$
25,335,734

 


3

Table of Contents

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents

GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenues:
 

 
 

Minimum rents
$
374,112

 
$
389,252

Tenant recoveries
177,482

 
181,466

Overage rents
8,815

 
9,821

Management fees and other corporate revenues
19,086

 
16,687

Other
14,648

 
25,659

Total revenues
594,143

 
622,885

Expenses:
 
 
 
Real estate taxes
55,987

 
56,916

Property maintenance costs
19,881

 
21,424

Marketing
4,708

 
5,804

Other property operating costs
76,296

 
85,666

Provision for doubtful accounts
3,271

 
2,142

Property management and other costs
42,793

 
44,950

General and administrative
12,446

 
11,599

Depreciation and amortization
175,948

 
171,478

Total expenses
391,330

 
399,979

Operating income
202,813

 
222,906

 
 
 
 
Interest and dividend income
8,821

 
6,409

Interest expense
(172,651
)
 
(179,046
)
Gain (loss) on foreign currency
(22,910
)
 
5,182

Gains from changes in control of investment properties
591,245

 

Income before income taxes, equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates, discontinued operations and allocation to noncontrolling interests
607,318

 
55,451

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes
11,159

 
(3,692
)
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
23,273

 
7,157

Income from continuing operations
641,750

 
58,916

Discontinued operations


72,972

Net income
641,750

 
131,888

Allocation to noncontrolling interests
(7,019
)
 
(3,852
)
Net income attributable to General Growth Properties, Inc.
634,731

 
128,036

Preferred Stock dividends
(3,984
)
 
(3,984
)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
630,747

 
$
124,052

 
 
 
 
Basic Earnings Per Share:
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.71

 
$
0.06

Discontinued operations

 
0.08

Total basic earnings per share
$
0.71

 
$
0.14

 
 
 
 
Diluted Earnings Per Share:
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.66

 
$
0.06

Discontinued operations

 
0.07

Total diluted earnings per share
$
0.66

 
$
0.13

Dividends declared per share
$
0.17

 
$
0.15

 
 
 
 
Comprehensive Income, Net:
 

 
 

Net income
$
641,750

 
$
131,888

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation
(17,718
)
 
3,952

Unrealized losses on financial instruments
(21
)
 

Other comprehensive income (loss)
(17,739
)
 
3,952

Comprehensive income
624,011

 
135,840


5

Table of Contents

GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)
Comprehensive income allocated to noncontrolling interests
(6,790
)
 
(3,868
)
Comprehensive income attributable to General Growth Properties, Inc.
617,221

 
131,972

Preferred Stock dividends
(3,984
)
 
(3,984
)
Comprehensive income, net, attributable to common stockholders
$
613,237

 
$
127,988


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6

Table of Contents

GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
 
Common
Stock
 
Preferred
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)
 
Accumulated 
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Common
Stock in
Treasury
 
Noncontrolling
Interests in Consolidated Real Estate Affiliates and Long Term Incentive Plan Common Units
 
Total
Equity
 
(Dollars in thousands, except for share amounts)
Balance at January 1, 2014
$
9,395

 
$
242,042

 
$
11,372,443

 
$
(2,915,723
)
 
$
(38,173
)
 
$
(566,863
)
 
$
82,142

 
$
8,185,263

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income


 


 


 
128,035

 


 


 
955

 
128,990

Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated Real Estate Affiliates


 


 


 


 


 


 
(1,424
)
 
(1,424
)
Restricted stock grants, net (31,112 common shares)
1

 


 
684

 


 


 


 


 
685

Employee stock purchase program (52,180 common shares)
1

 


 
1,041

 


 


 


 


 
1,042

Stock option grants, net of forfeitures (26,652 common shares)


 


 
7,335

 


 


 


 


 
7,335

Treasury stock purchases (27,624,282 common shares)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(555,801
)
 
 
 
(555,801
)
Cash dividends reinvested (DRIP) in stock (6,254 common shares)


 


 
125

 


 


 


 


 
125

Other comprehensive income


 


 


 


 
3,936

 


 


 
3,936

Cash distributions declared ($0.15 per share)


 


 


 
(132,664
)
 


 


 


 
(132,664
)
Cash distributions on Preferred Stock


 


 


 
(3,984
)
 


 


 


 
(3,984
)
Fair value adjustment for noncontrolling interest in Operating Partnership


 


 
(17,079
)
 


 


 


 


 
(17,079
)
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2014
$
9,397

 
$
242,042

 
$
11,364,549

 
$
(2,924,336
)
 
$
(34,237
)
 
$
(1,122,664
)
 
$
81,673

 
$
7,616,424

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2015
$
9,409

 
$
242,042

 
$
11,351,625

 
$
(2,822,740
)
 
$
(51,753
)
 
$
(1,122,664
)
 
$
79,601

 
$
7,685,520

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income


 


 


 
634,731

 


 


 
1,347

 
636,078

Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated Real Estate Affiliates


 


 


 


 


 


 
(1,348
)
 
(1,348
)
Long Term Incentive Plan Common Unit grants, net (1,665,896 LTIP Units)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,832

 
2,832

Restricted stock grants, net (240,943 common shares)
3

 

 
937

 


 


 


 


 
940

Employee stock purchase program (21,427 common shares)

 


 
525

 


 


 


 


 
525


7

Table of Contents

GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
Stock option grants, net of forfeitures (936,082 common shares)
9

 


 
20,324

 


 


 


 


 
20,333

Cash dividends reinvested (DRIP) in stock (4,149 common shares)

 

 
118

 


 


 


 


 
118

Other comprehensive loss


 


 


 


 
(17,510
)
 


 


 
(17,510
)
Cash distributions declared ($0.17 per share)


 


 


 
(150,732
)
 


 


 


 
(150,732
)
Cash distributions on Preferred Stock


 


 


 
(3,984
)
 


 


 


 
(3,984
)
Fair value adjustment for noncontrolling interest in Operating Partnership


 


 
(9,730
)
 


 


 


 


 
(9,730
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2015
$
9,421

 
$
242,042

 
$
11,363,799

 
$
(2,342,725
)
 
$
(69,263
)
 
$
(1,122,664
)
 
$
82,432

 
$
8,163,042


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


8

Table of Contents

GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Cash Flows provided by Operating Activities:
 

 
 

Net income
$
641,750

 
$
131,888

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 

Equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
(23,273
)
 
(7,157
)
Distributions received from Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
7,940

 
6,907

Provision for doubtful accounts
3,271

 
2,178

Depreciation and amortization
175,948

 
174,499

Amortization/write-off of deferred finance costs
3,176

 
2,567

Accretion/write-off of debt market rate adjustments
14,685

 
9,505

Amortization of intangibles other than in-place leases
23,063

 
20,035

Straight-line rent amortization
(6,087
)
 
(11,597
)
Deferred income taxes
(11,665
)
 
41

Gain on dispositions, net

 
(4,693
)
Gains from changes in control of investment properties
(591,245
)
 

Gain on extinguishment of debt

 
(66,680
)
Loss (gain) on foreign currency
22,910

 
(5,182
)
Net changes:
 

 
 

Accounts and notes receivable
14,576

 
(28
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
8,965

 
3,814

Deferred expenses
(14,553
)
 
(7,164
)
Restricted cash
5,619

 
2,613

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
(60,305
)
 
(22,006
)
Other, net
8,429

 
7,587

Net cash provided by operating activities
223,204

 
237,127

 
 
 
 
Cash Flows provided by (used in) Investing Activities:
 

 
 

Acquisition of real estate and property additions
(164,659
)
 

Development of real estate and property improvements
(199,726
)
 
(128,938
)
Contributions to Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
(57,046
)
 
(16,950
)
Proceeds from sales of investment properties
666,242

 

Loans to joint venture partners
(37,500
)
 

Distributions received from Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in excess of income
32,474

 
26,546

Decrease in restricted cash
966

 
34

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
240,751


(119,308
)
 
 
 
 
Cash Flows used in Financing Activities:
 

 
 

Proceeds from refinancing/issuance of mortgages, notes and loans payable
342,440

 
1,235,000

Principal payments on mortgages, notes and loans payable
(874,033
)
 
(836,920
)
Deferred finance costs
(618
)
 
(1,838
)
Treasury stock purchases

 
(555,801
)
Cash distributions paid to common stockholders
(150,393
)
 
(127,567
)
Cash distributions paid to Preferred Stockholders
(3,984
)
 
(3,984
)
Cash redemptions paid to holders of common units
(192
)
 

Other, net
23,627

 
(851
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(663,153
)
 
(291,961
)
 
 
 
 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
(199,198
)
 
(174,142
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
372,471

 
577,271

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
173,273

 
$
403,129


9

Table of Contents

GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
 

 
 

Interest paid
$
166,573

 
$
172,135

Interest capitalized
4,255

 
4,361

Income taxes paid
4,237

 
1,574

Accrued capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued expenses
102,619

 
63,214

Non-Cash Sale of Property
 
 
 
Assets

 
21,426

Liabilities and equity

 
(21,426
)
Non-Cash Sale of Ala Moana (Refer to Note 3)
 
 
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


10

Table of Contents
GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)



NOTE 1                                                  ORGANIZATION
 
Readers of this Quarterly Report should refer to the Company’s (as defined below) audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014 which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 (Commission File No. 1-34948), as certain footnote disclosures which would substantially duplicate those contained in our Annual Report have been omitted from this Quarterly Report. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation (which include only normal recurring adjustments) have been included in this Quarterly Report. Capitalized terms used, but not defined in this Quarterly Report, have the same meanings as in our Annual Report.
 
General
 
General Growth Properties, Inc. (“GGP” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, was organized in July 2010 and is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, referred to as a “REIT”. In these notes, the terms “we,” “us” and “our” refer to GGP and its subsidiaries.
 
GGP, through its subsidiaries and affiliates, is an owner and operator of retail properties. As of March 31, 2015 , we are the owner, either entirely or with joint venture partners, of 129 retail properties.
 
Substantially all of our business is conducted through GGP Operating Partnership, LP (“GGPOP”), GGP Nimbus, LP (“GGPN”) and GGP Limited Partnership (“GGPLP”, and together with GGPN, the “Operating Partnerships"), subsidiaries of GGP. The Operating Partnerships own an interest in the properties that are part of the consolidated financial statements of GGP. As of March 31, 2015 , GGP held approximately a 99% common equity ownership (without giving effect to the potential conversion of the Preferred Units and LTIP Units as defined below) of the Operating Partnerships, while the remaining 1% is held by limited partners and certain previous contributors of properties to the Operating Partnerships or their predecessors.
 
GGPOP is the general partner of, and owns a 1.5% equity interest in, each Operating Partnership. GGPOP has common units of limited partnership (“Common Units”), which are redeemable for cash or, at our option, shares of GGP common stock. It also has preferred units of limited partnership interest (“Preferred Units”), of which, certain Preferred Units can be converted into Common Units and then redeemed for cash or, at our option, shares of GGP common stock (“Convertible Preferred Units”) ( Note 10 ). GGPOP has full value long term incentive plan units and appreciation only long term incentive plan units (collectively “LTIP Units”), which are redeemable for cash or, at our option, Common Units ( Note 12 ).
 
In addition to holding ownership interests in various joint ventures, the Operating Partnerships generally conduct their operations through General Growth Management, Inc. (“GGMI”), General Growth Services, Inc. (“GGSI”), and GGP REIT Services, LLC (“GGPRS”). GGMI and GGSI are taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”s), which provide management, leasing, tenant coordination, business development, marketing, strategic partnership and other services for a majority of our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates (defined below) and for substantially all of our Consolidated Properties, as defined below. GGSI also serves as a contractor to GGMI for these services. GGPRS generally provides financial, accounting, tax, legal, development, and other services to our Consolidated Properties.

We refer to our ownership interests in properties in which we own a majority or controlling interest and are consolidated under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) as the “Consolidated Properties.” We also own interests in certain properties through joint venture entities in which we own a noncontrolling interest (“Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates”) and we refer to those properties as the “Unconsolidated Properties.”
 
NOTE 2                          SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of GGP, our subsidiaries and joint ventures in which we have a controlling interest. For consolidated joint ventures, the noncontrolling partner’s share of the assets, liabilities and operations of the joint ventures (generally computed as the joint venture partner’s ownership percentage) is included in

11

Table of Contents
GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate affiliates as permanent equity of the Company. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

We operate in a single reportable segment which includes the operation, development and management of retail and other rental properties, primarily regional malls. Our portfolio is targeted to a range of market sizes and consumer tastes. Each of our operating properties is considered a separate operating segment, as each property earns revenues and incurs expenses, individual operating results are reviewed and discrete financial information is available. The Company's chief operating decision maker is comprised of a team of several members of executive management who use Company NOI in assessing segment operating performance. We do not distinguish or group our consolidated operations based on geography, size or type. Our operating properties have similar economic characteristics and provide similar products and services to our tenants.There are no individual operating segments that are greater than 10% of combined revenue, Company NOI, or combined assets. Company NOI excludes certain non-cash and non-comparable items such as straight-line rent and intangible asset and liability amortization, which are a result of our emergence, acquisition accounting and other capital contribution or restructuring events. Further, all material operations are within the United States and no customer or tenant comprises more than 10% of consolidated revenues. As a result, the Company’s operating properties are aggregated into a single reportable segment.

Properties

Real estate assets are stated at cost less any provisions for impairments. Expenditures for significant betterments and improvements are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred. Construction and improvement costs incurred in connection with the development of new properties or the redevelopment of existing properties are capitalized. Real estate taxes, interest costs, and internal costs associated with leasing and development overhead incurred during construction periods are capitalized. Capitalization is based on qualified expenditures and interest rates. Capitalized real estate taxes, interest costs, and internal costs associated with leasing and development overhead are amortized over lives which are consistent with the related assets.

Pre-development costs, which generally include legal and professional fees and other third-party costs directly related to the construction assets, are capitalized as part of the property being developed. In the event a development is no longer deemed to be probable of occurring, the capitalized costs are expensed (see also our impairment policies in this note below).

We periodically review the estimated useful lives of our properties, and may adjust them as necessary. The estimated useful lives of our properties range from 20 - 45 years.

Depreciation or amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives:
 
Years
Buildings and improvements
10 - 45
Equipment and fixtures
3 - 20
Tenant improvements
Shorter of useful life or applicable lease term
 
Acquisitions of Operating Properties

Acquisitions of properties are accounted for utilizing the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, the results of operations of acquired properties have been included in the results of operations from the respective dates of acquisition. Estimates of future cash flows and other valuation techniques are used to allocate the purchase price of acquired property between land, buildings and improvements, equipment, assumed debt liabilities and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities such as amounts related to in-place tenant leases, acquired above and below-market tenant and ground leases, and tenant relationships.

Identifiable intangible assets and liabilities are calculated for above-market and below-market tenant and ground leases where we are either the lessor or the lessee. The difference between the contractual rental rates and our estimate of market rental rates is measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the leases, including significantly below-market renewal options for which exercise of the renewal option appears to be reasonably assured. The remaining term of leases with renewal options at terms significantly below market reflect the assumed exercise of such below-market renewal options and assume the amortization period would coincide with the extended lease term.

12

Table of Contents
GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)



The gross asset balances of the in-place value of tenant leases are included in buildings and equipment in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 
Gross Asset
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of March 31, 2015
 

 
 

 
 

Tenant leases:
 

 
 

 
 

In-place value
$
477,416

 
$
(276,637
)
 
$
200,779

 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Tenant leases:
 
 
 
 
 
In-place value
$
608,840

 
$
(362,531
)
 
$
246,309


The above-market tenant leases and below-market ground leases are included in Prepaid expenses and other assets ( Note 14 ). The below-market tenant leases, above-market ground leases and above-market headquarters office lease are included in Accounts payable and accrued expenses ( Note 15 ) in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Amortization/accretion of all intangibles, including the intangibles in Note 14 and Note 15 , had the following effects on our Income (loss) from continuing operations:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2015
 
2014
Amortization/accretion effect on continuing operations
$
(48,880
)
 
$
(52,089
)

Future amortization/accretion of all intangibles, including the intangibles in Note 14 and Note 15 , is estimated to decrease results from continuing operations as follows:
Year
 
Amount
2015 Remaining
 
$
82,945

2016
 
92,563

2017
 
68,829

2018
 
44,178

2019
 
25,792


Revenue Recognition and Related Matters

Minimum rents are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related operating leases, including the effect of any free rent periods. Minimum rents also include lease termination income collected from tenants to allow for the tenant to vacate their space prior to their scheduled termination dates, as well as, accretion related to above and below-market tenant leases on acquired properties and properties that were recorded at fair value at the Effective Date.
Overage rent is paid by a tenant when the tenant's sales exceed an agreed upon minimum amount and is recognized on an accrual basis once tenant sales exceed contractual tenant lease thresholds and is calculated by multiplying the sales in excess of the minimum amount by a percentage defined in the lease.
Tenant recoveries are established in the leases or computed based upon a formula related to real estate taxes, insurance and other property operating expenses and are generally recognized as revenues in the period the related costs are incurred.
Real estate sales are recognized whenever (1) a sale is consummated, (2) the buyer has demonstrated an adequate commitment to pay for the property, (3) the Company’s receivable is not subject to future subordination, and (4) the Company has transferred to the buyer the risks and rewards of ownership and does not have continuing involvement. Unless all conditions are met, recognition of all or a portion of the profit shall be postponed.

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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts against the portion of accounts receivable, including straight-line rents, which is estimated to be uncollectible. Such allowances are reviewed periodically based upon our recovery experience.

Management Fees and Other Corporate Revenues

Management fees and other corporate revenues primarily represent management and leasing fees, development fees, financing fees, and fees for other ancillary services performed for the benefit of certain of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. Management fees are reported at 100% of the revenue earned from the joint venture in Management fees and other corporate revenues on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Our share of the management fee expense incurred by the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates is reported within Equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and in Property management and other costs in the Condensed Combined Statements of Income in Note 6 . The following table summarizes the management fees from affiliates and our share of the management fee expense:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2015
 
2014
Management fees from affiliates
$
19,086

 
$
16,687

Management fee expense
(7,276
)
 
(6,690
)
Net management fees from affiliates
$
11,810

 
$
9,997

 
Impairment

Operating properties
 
We regularly review our consolidated properties for potential impairment indicators whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment indicators are assessed separately for each property and include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in real estate property net operating income, significant decreases in occupancy percentage, debt maturities, management’s intent with respect to the properties and prevailing market conditions.
 
If an indicator of potential impairment exists, the property is tested for recoverability by comparing its carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows. Although the carrying amount may exceed the estimated fair value of certain properties, a real estate asset is only considered to be impaired when its carrying amount cannot be recovered through estimated future undiscounted cash flows. To the extent an impairment provision is determined to be necessary, the excess of the carrying amount of the property over its estimated fair value is expensed to operations. In addition, the impairment provision is allocated proportionately to adjust the carrying amount of the asset group. The adjusted carrying amount, which represents the new cost basis of the property, is depreciated over the remaining useful life of the property.
 
Although we may market a property for sale, there can be no assurance that the transaction will be complete until the sale is finalized. However, GAAP requires us to utilize the Company’s expected holding period of our properties when assessing recoverability. If we cannot recover the carrying value of these properties within the planned holding period, we will estimate the fair values of the assets and record impairment charges for properties when the estimated fair value is less than their carrying value.
 
Impairment indicators for pre-development costs, which are typically costs incurred during the beginning stages of a potential development and construction in progress, are assessed by project and include, but are not limited to, significant changes in the Company’s plans with respect to the project, significant changes in projected completion dates, tenant demand, anticipated revenues or cash flows, development costs, market factors and sustainability of development projects.

Impairment charges are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income when the carrying value of a property is not recoverable and it exceeds the estimated fair value of the property, which can occur in accounting periods preceding disposition and/or in the period of disposition.

No provisions for impairment were recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 .


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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates

A series of operating losses of an investee or other factors may indicate that an other-than-temporary decline in value of our investment in an Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliate has occurred. The investment in each of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates is evaluated for valuation declines below the carrying amount. Accordingly, in addition to the property-specific impairment analysis that we perform for such joint ventures (as part of our operating property impairment process described above), we also considered whether there were other-than-temporary declines with respect to the carrying values of our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. No impairments related to our investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates were recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 .

Fair Value Measurements ( Note 5 )

The accounting principles for fair value measurements establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:
 
Level 1 - defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;
Level 2 - defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and
Level 3 - defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

Note 5 includes a discussion of properties measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs and the fair value of debt, which is estimated on a recurring basis using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs.  Note 10 includes a discussion of certain redeemable noncontrolling interests that are measured at fair value using Level 1 inputs.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2015 the definition of discontinued operations has been revised to limit what qualifies for this classification and presentation to disposals of components of a company that represent strategic shifts that have (or will have) a major effect on the company’s operations and financial results. Required expanded disclosures for disposals or disposal groups that qualify for discontinued operations are intended to provide users of financial statements with enhanced information about the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of such discontinued operations. In addition, in accordance with this pronouncement, companies are required to disclose the pretax profit or loss of an individually significant component that does not qualify for discontinued operations treatment. Pursuant to its terms, we have adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2015. This definition has been applied prospectively and is anticipated to substantially reduce the number of transactions, going forward, that qualify for discontinued operations as compared to historical results. (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

Effective January 1, 2016, companies will be required to present debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability on the balance sheet. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs will not be affected. The adoption of this pronouncement will result in the reclassification of unamortized capitalized loan fees from other assets to a direct reduction of the Company’s indebtedness on the consolidated balance sheets.
Effective January 1, 2017, companies will be required to apply a five-step model in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The core principle of the revenue model is that a company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Lease contracts will be excluded from this revenue recognition criteria; however, the sale of real estate will be required to follow the new model. Expanded quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding revenue recognition will be required for contracts that are subject to this pronouncement. On April 1, 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board voted for a one-year deferral of the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard. If approved, the new standard will become effective for the Company beginning with the first quarter 2018 and can be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this pronouncement on its consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents
GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. For example, estimates and assumptions have been made with respect to fair values of assets and liabilities for purposes of applying the acquisition method of accounting, the useful lives of assets, capitalization of development and leasing costs, provision for income taxes, recoverable amounts of receivables and deferred taxes, initial valuations and related amortization periods of deferred costs and intangibles, particularly with respect to acquisitions, impairment of long-lived assets, litigation related accruals and disclosures, and fair value of debt. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates.

NOTE 3                       ACQUISITIONS AND JOINT VENTURE ACTIVITY

On March 31, 2015, we acquired a 50% interest in a joint venture with Sears Holdings Corporation that owns anchor pads and in-place leases at 12 stores located at our properties for approximately $165.0 million . We recorded the investment in the joint venture for approximately $164.5 million ( $165.0 million net of prorations and acquisition costs) to investment in and loans to/from Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2015. We have also committed to invest $33.3 million in a new REIT formed by Sears Holdings Corporation.

During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we sold a 25% interest in Ala Moana Center in Honolulu, Hawaii for net proceeds of $907.0 million . We received $670.0 million at closing and will receive the remaining proceeds of $237.0 million in late 2016 after substantial completion of the redevelopment. Upon closing, our joint venture partner received a 25% economic interest in the joint venture. Subsequent to quarter end, we sold an additional 12.5% interest in Ala Moana Center under similar terms (Note 18).

In accordance with applicable accounting standards for real estate sales with future development required, we recognized a $584.4 million gain on change in control of investment properties as of the closing date calculated on the percentage of the basis (real estate asset carrying value of Ala Moana Center and development costs incurred to date) as compared to the total estimated costs expected to be incurred through completion of the development. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we recognized an additional $6.8 million gain on change of control of investment properties using the percentage of completion method for the construction completed from the closing date on February 27, 2015 through March 31, 2015. We will recognize an additional $57.4 million in gain on change of control of investment properties through substantial completion of construction. In total, we recorded a gain from change in control of investment properties of $591.2 million on our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2015 as a result of this transaction.

We account for the 75% interest in the joint venture that holds Ala Moana Center under the equity method of accounting (Note 6) because we share control over major decisions with the joint venture partner which results in the partner retaining substantive participating rights. Ala Moana Center was previously wholly owned by GGP and accounted for on a consolidated basis.

The table below summarizes the gain calculation ($ in millions):
Total proceeds (net of transaction costs of $6.8 million)
$
900.2

Joint venture partner share of debt
462.5

Total consideration
1,362.7

Less: JV partner proportionate share of investment in Ala Moana Center and estimated development costs
(714.1
)
Total gain to be recognized from change in control of investment property and development
648.6

Gain attributable to JV partner proportionate share of investment in Ala Moana Center at closing
584.4

Gain attributable to post-sale development activities through March 31, 2015
6.8

Estimated future gain on change in control of investment properties related to completion of development
$
57.4



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Table of Contents
GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


NOTE 4                          DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS AND GAINS ON DISPOSITIONS OF OPERATING PROPERTIES
 
In the first quarter of 2015, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-08, "Reporting Discontinued operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity" issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. ASU No. 2014-08 changes the definition of a discontinued operation to include only those disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results (e.g., a disposal of a major geographical area, a major line of business, a major equity method investment or other major parts of an entity). The Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2014-08 resulted in a change in how the Company would record operating results and gains on sales of real estate. Any future sales would not be reflected within Discontinued Operations in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We have one property approved for sale and classified as held for disposition as of March 31, 2015. The assets and liabilities of this property have been reclassified to assets and liablities held for disposition on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2015.
 
The Company did not have any dispositions during the three months ended March 31, 2015 that qualified for discontinued operations presentation subsequent to its adoption of ASU No. 2014-08. The following table summarizes the operations of the properties included in discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2014.

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2014
 
 
 
Retail and other revenue
 
$
10,051

Retail and other operating expenses
 
6,976

Operating income

3,075

Interest expense, net
 
(1,476
)
Gains on dispositions
 
4,693

Net income from operations
 
6,292

Gain on debt extinguishment
 
66,680

Net income from discontinued operations
 
$
72,972


NOTE 5                          FAIR VALUE
 
Nonrecurring Fair Value of Operating Properties
 
We estimate fair value relating to impairment assessments based upon discounted cash flow and direct capitalization models that include all projected cash inflows and outflows over a specific holding period, or the negotiated sales price, if applicable. Such projected cash flows are comprised of contractual rental revenues and forecasted rental revenues and expenses based upon market conditions and expectations for growth. Capitalization rates and discount rates utilized in these models are based on a reasonable range of current market rates for each property analyzed. Based upon these inputs, we determined that our valuations of properties using a discounted cash flow or a direct capitalization model were classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. For our properties for which the estimated fair value was based on negotiated sales prices, we determined that our valuation was classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Disclosure of Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair values of our financial instruments approximate their carrying amount in our consolidated financial statements except for debt. Management’s estimates of fair value are presented below for our debt as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 .

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Table of Contents
GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


 
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
Carrying Amount (1) (2)
 
Estimated Fair
Value (2)
 
Carrying Amount (1)
 
Estimated Fair
Value
Fixed-rate debt
 
$
11,667,588

 
$
12,387,240

 
$
13,606,936

 
$
14,211,247

Variable-rate debt
 
2,095,446

 
2,104,654

 
2,391,353

 
2,399,547

 
 
$
13,763,034

 
$
14,491,894

 
$
15,998,289

 
$
16,610,794

 
(1) Includes market rate adjustments of $34.5 million and $19.9 million as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , respectively.
(2) Excludes carrying value of $67.0 million of mortgage notes included in liabilities held for disposition. The carrying value approximates the fair value.

The fair value of our Junior Subordinated Notes approximates their carrying amount as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 . We estimated the fair value of mortgages, notes and other loans payable using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs based on recent financing transactions, estimates of the fair value of the property that serves as collateral for such debt, historical risk premiums for loans of comparable quality, current London Interbank Offered Rate (“ LIBOR ”), U.S. treasury obligation interest rates and on the discounted estimated future cash payments to be made on such debt. The discount rates estimated reflect our judgment as to what the approximate current lending rates for loans or groups of loans with similar maturities and assume that the debt is outstanding through maturity. We have utilized market information as available or present value techniques to estimate the amounts required to be disclosed. Since such amounts are estimates that are based on limited available market information for similar transactions and do not acknowledge transfer or other repayment restrictions that may exist in specific loans, it is unlikely that the estimated fair value of any such debt could be realized by immediate settlement of the obligation.


18

Table of Contents
GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


NOTE 6                          UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE AFFILIATES

The following is summarized financial information for all of our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates.
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Condensed Combined Balance Sheets - Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates (1)
 

 
 

Assets:
 

 
 

Land
$
1,736,027

 
$
1,152,485

Buildings and equipment
12,009,777

 
10,009,490

Less accumulated depreciation
(2,863,321
)
 
(2,591,347
)
Construction in progress
679,808

 
125,931

Net property and equipment
11,562,291

 
8,696,559

Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
16,374

 
16,462

Net investment in real estate
11,578,665

 
8,713,021

Cash and cash equivalents
300,923

 
308,621

Accounts and notes receivable, net
216,038

 
203,511

Deferred expenses, net
340,092

 
281,835

Prepaid expenses and other assets
754,461

 
594,257

Total assets
$
13,190,179

 
$
10,101,245

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Owners’ Equity:
\

 
 

Mortgages, notes and loans payable
$
9,594,565

 
$
7,945,828

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
540,513

 
418,995

Cumulative effect of foreign currency translation (“CFCT”)
(50,108
)
 
(35,238
)
Owners’ equity, excluding CFCT
3,105,209

 
1,771,660

Total liabilities and owners’ equity
$
13,190,179

 
$
10,101,245

 
 
 
 
Investment In and Loans To/From Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates, Net:
 

 
 

Owners’ equity
$
3,055,101

 
$
1,736,422

Less: joint venture partners’ equity
(1,284,174
)
 
(861,515
)
Plus: excess investment/basis differences
1,667,585

 
1,694,257

Investment in and loans to/from Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates, net
$
3,438,512

 
$
2,569,164

 
 
 
 
Reconciliation - Investment In and Loans To/From Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates:
 

 
 

Asset - Investment in and loans to/from Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
$
3,474,620

 
$
2,604,762

Liability - Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
(36,108
)
 
(35,598
)
Investment in and loans to/from Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates, net
$
3,438,512

 
$
2,569,164

 
(1) The Condensed Combined Balance Sheets - Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates include Ala Moana Center as of March 31, 2015 as the property was contributed into a joint venture during the first quarter of 2015.


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Table of Contents
GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
Condensed Combined Statements of Income - Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates (1)
 
 

 
 

 
Revenues:
 
 

 
 

 
Minimum rents
 
$
223,959

 
$
185,100

 
Tenant recoveries
 
98,024

 
87,346

 
Overage rents
 
6,152

 
4,855

 
Other
 
12,529

 
11,735

 
Total revenues
 
340,664

 
289,036

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses:
 
 

 
 

 
Real estate taxes
 
26,879

 
27,636

 
Property maintenance costs
 
12,655

 
11,592

 
Marketing
 
3,980

 
3,567

 
Other property operating costs
 
47,569

 
41,897

 
Provision for doubtful accounts
 
3,337

 
815

 
Property management and other costs (2)
 
15,254

 
14,167

 
General and administrative
 
1,115

 
483

 
Depreciation and amortization
 
93,922

 
75,626

 
Total expenses
 
204,711

 
175,783

 
Operating income
 
135,953

 
113,253

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
1,954

 
1,547

 
Interest expense
 
(92,297
)
 
(72,685
)
 
Provision for income taxes
 
(205
)
 
(188
)
 
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures
 
(180
)
 

 
Income from continuing operations
 
45,225

 
41,927

 
Net income from disposed investment
 

 
324

 
Allocation to noncontrolling interests
 
(8
)
 
(4
)
 
Net income attributable to the ventures
 
$
45,217

 
$
42,247

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity In Income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates:
 
 

 
 

 
Net income attributable to the ventures
 
$
45,217

 
$
42,247

 
Joint venture partners’ share of income
 
(22,243
)
 
(24,217
)
 
Amortization of capital or basis differences
 
299

 
(10,873
)
 
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
 
$
23,273

 
$
7,157

 
 
(1) The Condensed Combined Statements of Income - Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates include income from Ala Moana Center subsequent to the formation of the joint venture on February 27, 2015.
(2) Includes management fees charged to the unconsolidated joint ventures by GGMI and GGSI.
 
The Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates represents our investments in real estate joint ventures that are not consolidated. We hold interests in 25 domestic joint ventures, comprising 40 U.S. retail properties and two strip/other retail centers, and one joint venture in Brazil. Generally, we share in the profits and losses, cash flows and other matters relating to our investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in accordance with our respective ownership percentages. We manage most of the properties owned by these joint ventures. As we have joint control of these ventures with our venture partners, we account for these joint ventures under the equity method.

On January 29, 2015, we sold our interest in a joint venture that owns Trails Village, which resulted in our recognition of a gain of $12.0 million . The $12.0 million is recognized within equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The gain is included in amortization of capital or basis differences in the table above.

To the extent that the Company contributes assets to a joint venture accounted for using the equity method, the Company’s investment in the joint venture is recorded at the Company’s cost basis in the assets that were contributed to the joint venture. The Company will recognize gains and losses on the contribution of its real estate to joint ventures, relating solely to the outside partner’s interest,

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Table of Contents
GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


to the extent the buyer is independent of the Company, the collection of the sales price is reasonably assured, and the Company will not be required to support the operations of the property or its related obligations to an extent greater than its proportionate interest.

Unconsolidated Mortgages, Notes and Loans Payable, and Retained Debt

Our proportionate share of the mortgages, notes and loans payable of the unconsolidated joint ventures was $5.2 billion as of March 31, 2015 and $3.9 billion as of December 31, 2014 , including Retained Debt (as defined below). There can be no assurance that the Unconsolidated Properties will be able to refinance or restructure such debt on acceptable terms or otherwise, or that joint venture operations or contributions by us and/or our partners will be sufficient to repay such loans.

We have debt obligations in excess of our pro rata share of the debt for one of our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates (“Retained Debt”). This Retained Debt represents distributed debt proceeds of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in excess of our pro rata share of the non-recourse mortgage indebtedness. The proceeds of the Retained Debt which were distributed to us are included as a reduction in our investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. We had retained debt of $88.9 million at one property as of March 31, 2015 , and $89.3 million as of December 31, 2014 . We are obligated to contribute funds on an ongoing basis, as needed, to our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in amounts sufficient to pay debt service on such Retained Debt. If we do not contribute such funds, our distributions from such Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates, or our interest in, could be reduced to the extent of such deficiencies. As of March 31, 2015 , we do not anticipate an inability to perform on our obligations with respect to Retained Debt.

NOTE 7                          MORTGAGES, NOTES AND LOANS PAYABLE

Mortgages, notes and loans payable and the weighted-average interest rates are summarized as follows:
 
 
March 31, 2015 (1)
 
Weighted-Average
Interest Rate (2)
 
December 31, 2014 (3)
 
Weighted-Average
Interest Rate (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-rate debt:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Collateralized mortgages, notes and loans payable (4)
 
$
11,662,579

 
4.49
%
 
$
13,600,337

 
4.52
%
Corporate and other unsecured loans
 
5,009

 
4.41
%
 
6,599

 
4.41
%
Total fixed-rate debt
 
11,667,588

 
4.49
%
 
13,606,936

 
4.52
%
Variable-rate debt:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Collateralized mortgages, notes and loans payable (4)
 
1,995,446

 
1.99
%
 
2,291,353

 
2.00
%
Revolving credit facility
 
100,000

 
1.75
%
 
100,000

 
1.73
%
Total variable-rate debt
 
2,095,446

 
1.98
%
 
2,391,353

 
1.99
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Mortgages, notes and loans payable
 
$
13,763,034

 
4.11
%
 
$
15,998,289

 
4.14
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Junior Subordinated Notes
 
$
206,200

 
1.70
%
 
$
206,200

 
1.68
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable-rate mortgages held for disposition
 
$
67,000

 
2.67
%
 
$

 
%
 
(1) Includes $34.5 million of market rate adjustments, net.
(2) Represents the weighted-average interest rates on our contractual principal balances.
(3) Includes $19.9 million of market rate adjustments, net.
(4)  $100.4 million of the fixed-rate balance and $1.4 billion of the variable-rate balance is cross-collateralized.
 
Collateralized Mortgages, Notes and Loans Payable

As of March 31, 2015 , $18.1 billion of land, buildings and equipment (before accumulated depreciation) and construction in progress have been pledged as collateral for our mortgages, notes and loans payable. Certain of these consolidated secured loans, representing $1.5 billion of debt, are cross-collateralized with other properties. Although a majority of the $13.7 billion of fixed and variable rate collateralized mortgages, notes and loans payable are non-recourse, $1.7 billion of such mortgages, notes and loans payable are recourse to the Company as guarantees on secured financings. In addition, certain mortgage loans contain other

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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


credit enhancement provisions which have been provided by GGP. Certain mortgages, notes and loans payable may be prepaid but are generally subject to a prepayment penalty equal to a yield-maintenance premium, defeasance or a percentage of the loan balance.

During the three months ended March 31, 2015 , we refinanced a $220.0 million consolidated mortgage note at one property and generated proceeds of $7.1 million . The prior loan had a term-to-maturity of 2.7 years , and an interest rate of 5.6% . The new loan has a term-to-maturity of 10.0 years , and an interest rate of 3.9% . In addition, we paid down $527.2 million of consolidated mortgage notes at four properties. The prior loans had a weighted-average term-to-maturity of 1.6 years , and a weighted-average interest rate of 5.2% .

Corporate and Other Unsecured Loans

We have certain unsecured debt obligations, the terms of which are described below:
 
 
March 31, 2015 (2)
 
Weighted-Average
Interest Rate
 
December 31, 2014 (3)
 
Weighted-Average
Interest Rate
Unsecured debt:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

HHC Note (1)
 
$
5,079

 
4.41
%
 
$
6,735

 
4.41
%
Revolving credit facility
 
100,000

 
1.75
%
 
100,000

 
1.73
%
Total unsecured debt
 
$
105,079

 
1.88
%
 
$
106,735

 
1.90
%
 
(1) Matures in December 2015.
(2) Excludes a market rate discount of $0.1 million that decreases the total amount that appears outstanding in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The market rate discount amortizes as an addition to interest expense over the life of the loan.
(3) Excludes a market rate discount of $0.1 million that decreases the total amount that appears outstanding in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The market rate discount amortizes as an addition to interest expense over the life of the loan.
 
Our revolving credit facility (the “Facility”) as amended on October 23, 2013, provides for revolving loans of up to $1.1 billion . The Facility has an uncommitted accordion feature for a total facility of up to $1.5 billion . The Facility is scheduled to mature in October 2018 and is unsecured. Borrowings under the Facility bear interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus 132.5 to 195 basis points, which is determined by the Company’s leverage level. The Facility contains certain restrictive covenants which limit material changes in the nature of our business conducted, including but not limited to, mergers, dissolutions or liquidations, dispositions of assets, liens, incurrence of additional indebtedness, dividends, transactions with affiliates, prepayment of subordinated debt, negative pledges and changes in fiscal periods. In addition, we are required not to exceed a maximum net debt-to-value ratio, a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum net cash interest coverage ratio; we are not aware of any instances of non-compliance with such covenants as of March 31, 2015 . $100.0 million was outstanding on the Facility, as of March 31, 2015 .

Junior Subordinated Notes

GGP Capital Trust I, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”) and a wholly-owned subsidiary of GGPN, completed a private placement of $200.0 million of trust preferred securities (“TRUPS”) in 2006. The Trust also issued $6.2 million of Common Securities to GGPOP. The Trust used the proceeds from the sale of the TRUPS and Common Securities to purchase $206.2 million of floating rate Junior Subordinated Notes of GGPOP due 2036. Distributions on the TRUPS are equal to LIBOR plus 1.45% . Distributions are cumulative and accrue from the date of original issuance. The TRUPS mature on April 30, 2036, but may be redeemed beginning on April 30, 2011 if the Trust exercises its right to redeem a like amount of Junior Subordinated Notes. The Junior Subordinated Notes bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.45% and are fully recourse to the Company. Though the Trust currently is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GGPN, we are not the primary beneficiary of the Trust and, accordingly, it is not consolidated for accounting purposes. We have recorded the Junior Subordinated Notes as a liability and our common equity interest in the Trust as prepaid expenses and other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 .


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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds

We had outstanding letters of credit and surety bonds of $49.9 million as of March 31, 2015 and $49.1 million as of December 31, 2014 . These letters of credit and bonds were issued primarily in connection with insurance requirements, special real estate assessments and construction obligations.

We are not aware of any instances of non-compliance with our financial covenants related to our mortgages, notes and loans payable as of March 31, 2015 .

NOTE 8                          INCOME TAXES

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. We intend to maintain REIT status. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our taxable ordinary income. In addition, the Company is required to meet certain asset and income tests.

As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to corporate level Federal income tax on taxable income we distribute currently to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to Federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent taxable years. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes on our income or property, and to Federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed taxable income and capital gains. We are currently statutorily open to audit by the Internal Revenue Service for the years ended December 31, 2011 through 2014 and are statutorily open to audit by state taxing authorities for the years ended December 31, 2010 through 2014.

We believe that it is reasonably possible that all of our currently remaining unrecognized tax benefits may be recognized by the end of 2015 upon potential settlement of an audit and the expiration of the statute of limitations.

NOTE 9                          WARRANTS

Brookfield owns 73,930,000 warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase common stock of GGP with an initial weighted average exercise price of $10.70. Each Warrant was fully vested upon issuance, has a term of seven years and expires on November 9, 2017. Below is a summary of Warrants that were originally issued and are still outstanding.

Initial Warrant Holder
 
 Number of Warrants
 
Initial Exercise Price
Brookfield - A
 
57,500,000

 
$
10.75

Brookfield - B
 
16,430,000

 
10.50

 
 
73,930,000

 
 

 
The exercise prices of the Warrants are subject to adjustment for future dividends, stock dividends, distribution of assets, stock splits or reverse splits of our common stock or certain other events. In accordance with the agreement, these calculations adjust both the exercise price and the number of shares issuable for the originally issued 73,930,000 Warrants. During 2014 and 2015 , the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the outstanding Warrants changed as follows:

 
 
 
 
Exercise Price
Record Date
 
Issuable Shares
 
 Brookfield - A
 
Brookfield - B
April 15, 2014
 
85,668,428

 
9.28

 
9.06

July 15, 2014
 
86,215,500

 
9.22

 
9.01

October 15, 2014
 
86,806,928

 
9.16

 
8.94

December 15, 2014
 
87,353,999

 
9.10

 
8.89

 


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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


Brookfield has the option for 57,500,000 Warrants to either full share settle (i.e. deliver cash for the exercise price of the Warrants in the amount of approximately $618 million in exchange for approximately 68,000,000 shares of common stock) or net share settle. The remaining 16,430,000 Warrants owned or managed by Brookfield must be net share settled. As of March 31, 2015 , the Warrants are exercisable into approximately 61 million common shares of the Company, at a weighted-average exercise price of approximately $9.05 per share. Due to their ownership of Warrants, Brookfield’s potential ownership of the Company may change as a result of payments of dividends and changes in our stock price.

NOTE 10                          EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Allocation to Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests consists of the redeemable interests related to GGPOP Common, Preferred, and LTIP Units and the noncontrolling interest in our consolidated joint ventures. The following table reflects the activity included in the allocation to noncontrolling interests.
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
Distributions to preferred GGPOP units
 
$
(2,232
)
 
$
(2,232
)
Net income allocation to noncontrolling interests in GGPOP from continuing operations (common units)
 
(3,440
)
 
(664
)
Net income allocation to noncontrolling interests in GGPOP from continuing operations (LTIP units)
 
(906
)
 

Net income allocated to noncontrolling interest in consolidated real estate affiliates
 
(441
)
 
(956
)
Allocation to noncontrolling interests
 
(7,019
)
 
(3,852
)
Other comprehensive loss (income) allocated to noncontrolling interests
 
229

 
(16
)
Comprehensive income allocated to noncontrolling interests
 
$
(6,790
)
 
$
(3,868
)

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

The noncontrolling interest related to the Common, Preferred, and LTIP Units of GGPOP are presented either as redeemable noncontrolling interests or as noncontrolling interests in our permanent equity on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Classification as redeemable or permanent equity is considered on a tranche-by-tranche basis and is dependent on whether we could be required, under certain events outside of our control, to redeem the securities for cash by the holders of the securities. Those tranches for which we could be required to redeem the security for cash are included in redeemable equity. If we control the decision to redeem the securities for cash, the securities are classified as permanent equity.

The Common and Preferred Units of GGPOP are recorded at the greater of the carrying amount adjusted for the noncontrolling interest’s share of the allocation of income or loss (and its share of other comprehensive income or loss) and dividends or their redemption value (i.e. fair value) as of each measurement date. The excess of the fair value over the carrying amount from period to period is recorded within additional paid-in capital in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Allocation to noncontrolling interests is presented as an adjustment to net income to arrive at Net income (loss) attributable to General Growth Properties, Inc.

The common redeemable noncontrolling interests have been recorded at fair value for all periods presented. One tranche of preferred redeemable noncontrolling interests has been recorded at fair value, while the other tranches of preferred redeemable noncontrolling interests have been recorded at carrying value.

Generally, the holders of the Common Units share in any distributions by GGPOP with our common stockholders. However, the GGPOP operating partnership agreement permits distributions solely to GGP if such distributions were required to allow GGP to comply with the REIT distribution requirements or to avoid the imposition of excise tax. Under certain circumstances, the conversion rate for each Common Unit is required to be adjusted to give effect to stock distributions. If the holders had requested redemption of the Common Units as of March 31, 2015 , the aggregate amount of cash we would have paid would have been $168.7 million .


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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


GGPOP issued Convertible Preferred Units that are convertible into Common Units of GGPOP at the rates below (subject to adjustment). The holder may convert the Convertible Preferred Units into Common Units of GGPOP at any time, subject to certain restrictions. The Common Units are convertible into common stock at approximately a one -to- one ratio at the current stock price.
 
 
Number of Common Units for each Preferred Unit
 
Number of Contractual Convertible Preferred Units Outstanding as of March 31, 2015
 
Converted Basis to Common Units Outstanding as of March 31, 2015
 
Conversion Price
 
Redemption Value
Series B (1)
 
3.00000

 
1,268,957

 
3,958,242

 
$
16.66670

 
116,966

Series D
 
1.50821

 
532,750

 
803,498

 
33.15188

 
26,637

Series E
 
1.29836

 
502,658

 
652,631

 
38.51000

 
25,133

 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
168,736

 
(1) The conversion price of Series B preferred units is lower than the GGP March 31, 2015 closing common stock price of $29.55 ; therefore, the March 31, 2015 common stock price of $29.55 , and an additional conversion rate of 1.0397624 shares is used to calculate the Series B redemption value.

The following table reflects the activity of the redeemable noncontrolling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2015 , and 2014 .
Balance at January 1, 2014
$
228,902

Net income
664

Distributions
(726
)
Other comprehensive income
16

Fair value adjustment for noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership
17,079

Balance at March 31, 2014
$
245,935

 
 
Balance at January 1, 2015
$
299,296

Net income
3,440

Distributions
(1,109
)
Redemption of GGPOP units
(713
)
Other comprehensive loss
(229
)
Fair value adjustment for noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership
9,730

Balance at March 31, 2015
$
310,415


Common Stock Dividend

Our Board of Directors declared common stock dividends during 2015 and 2014 as follows:

Declaration Date
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
 
Dividend Per Share
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
February 19
 
April 15
 
April 30, 2015
 
$
0.17

2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
November 14
 
December 15
 
January 2, 2015
 
$
0.17

August 12
 
October 15
 
October 31, 2014
 
0.16

May 15
 
July 15
 
July 31, 2014
 
0.15

February 26
 
April 15
 
April 30, 2014
 
0.15


Our Dividend Reinvestment Plan (“DRIP”) provides eligible holders of GGP’s common stock with a convenient method of increasing their investment in the Company by reinvesting all or a portion of cash dividends in additional shares of common stock.

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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


Eligible stockholders who enroll in the DRIP on or before the four th business day preceding the record date for a dividend payment will be able to have that dividend reinvested. As a result of the DRIP elections, 4,149 shares were issued during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 6,254 shares were issued during the three months ended March 31, 2014 .

Preferred Stock

On February 13, 2013, we issued, in a public offering, 10,000,000  shares of 6.375% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”) at a price of $25.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of $242.0 million after issuance costs. The Preferred Stock is recorded net of issuance costs within equity on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and accrues a quarterly dividend at an annual rate of 6.375% . The dividend is paid in arrears in preference to dividends on our common stock, and reduces net income available to common stockholders, and therefore, earnings per share.

The Preferred Stock does not have a stated maturity date but we may redeem the Preferred Stock after February 12, 2018, for $25.00 per share plus all accrued and unpaid dividends. We may redeem the Preferred Stock prior to February 12, 2018, in limited circumstances that preserve ownership limits and/or our status as a REIT, as well as during certain circumstances surrounding a change of control. Upon certain circumstances surrounding a change of control, holders of Preferred Stock may elect to convert each share of their Preferred Stock into a number of shares of GGP common stock equivalent to $25.00 plus accrued and unpaid dividends, but not to exceed a cap of 2.4679 common shares (subject to certain adjustments related to GGP common share splits, subdivisions, or combinations).
 
Our Board of Directors declared preferred stock dividends during 2015 and 2014 as follows:
Declaration Date
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
 
Dividend Per Share
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
February 19
 
March 16
 
April 1, 2015
 
$
0.3984

2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
November 14
 
December 15
 
January 2, 2015
 
$
0.3984

August 12
 
September 15
 
October 1, 2014
 
0.3984

May 15
 
June 16
 
July 1, 2014
 
0.3984

February 26
 
March 17
 
April 1, 2014
 
0.3984


NOTE 11                   EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed after adjusting the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation for the effects of all potentially dilutive common shares. The dilutive effect of the Warrants and the dilutive effect of options and their equivalents (including fixed awards and nonvested stock issued under stock-based compensation plans), are computed using the “treasury” method.


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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


Information related to our EPS calculations is summarized as follows:

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
Numerators - Basic and Diluted:
 
 

 
 

Income from continuing operations
 
$
641,750

 
$
58,916

Preferred Stock dividends
 
(3,984
)
 
(3,984
)
Allocation to noncontrolling interests
 
(7,019
)
 
(3,488
)
Income from continuing operations - attributable to common stockholders
 
630,747

 
51,444

 
 
 
 
 
Discontinued operations
 

 
72,972

Allocation to noncontrolling interests
 

 
(364
)
Discontinued operations - net of noncontrolling interests
 

 
72,608

 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
641,750

 
131,888

Preferred Stock dividends
 
(3,984
)
 
(3,984
)
Allocation to noncontrolling interests
 
(7,019
)
 
(3,852
)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
 
$
630,747

 
$
124,052

 
 
 
 
 
Denominators:
 
 

 
 

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic
 
885,462

 
896,257

Effect of dilutive securities
 
68,970

 
51,714

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - diluted
 
954,432

 
947,971

 
 
 
 
 
Anti-dilutive Securities:
 
 

 
 

Effect of Preferred Units
 
5,472

 
5,506

Effect of Common Units
 
4,799

 
4,834

Effect of LTIP Common Units
 
1,256

 

 
 
11,527

 
10,340

 
For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 , dilutive options and dilutive shares related to the Warrants are included in the denominator of EPS.

Outstanding Common Units and LTIP Common Units have been excluded from the diluted EPS calculation for all periods presented because including such Common Units would also require that the share of GGPOP income attributable to such Units be added back to net income therefore resulting in no effect on EPS. Outstanding Preferred Units have been excluded from the diluted EPS calculation for all periods presented because including the Preferred Units would also require that the Preferred Unit dividend be added back to the net income, resulting in them being anti-dilutive.

During the year ended December 31, 2013, GGPOP repurchased 28,345,108 shares of GGP’s common stock for $566.9 million . These shares are presented as Common stock in treasury, at cost, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accordingly, these shares have been excluded from the calculation of EPS. In addition, GGPOP was issued 27,459,195 shares of GGP common stock on March 26, 2013, as a result of GGPOP’s purchase and subsequent exercising of the Fairholme and Blackstone A and B Warrants. These shares are presented as issued, but not outstanding on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accordingly, these shares have been excluded from the calculation of EPS.

On February 10, 2014, GGPOP repurchased 27,624,282 shares of GGP’s common stock for $555.8 million . These shares are presented as Common stock in treasury, at cost, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accordingly, these shares have been excluded from the calculation of EPS.


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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


On May 1, 2014, the shares of GGP common stock owned by GGPOP were contributed to GGPN, and as a result of these transactions, GGPN owns an aggregate of 83,428,585 shares of GGP common stock as of March 31, 2015 , of which 55,969,390 are shown as treasury stock and 27,459,195 are shown as issued, but not outstanding on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

NOTE 12                   STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

The General Growth Properties, Inc. 2010 Equity Plan (the ‘‘Equity Plan’’) reserved for issuance of 4% of outstanding shares on a fully diluted basis. The Equity Plan provides for grants of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, other stock-based awards and performance-based compensation (collectively, the ‘‘Awards’’). Directors, officers and other employees of GGP’s and its subsidiaries and affiliates are eligible for the Awards. The Equity Plan is not subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. No participant may be granted more than 4,000,000 shares, or the equivalent dollar value of such shares, in any year. Options granted under the Equity Plan will be designated as either nonqualified stock options or incentive stock options. An option granted as an incentive stock option will, to the extent it fails to qualify as an incentive stock option, be treated as a nonqualified option. The exercise price of an option may not be less than the fair value of a share of GGP’s common stock on the date of grant. The term of each option will be determined prior to the date of grant, but may not exceed 10 years .

On November 12, 2014, the Company’s Equity Plan was amended to allow for the grant of LTIP Units to certain officers, directors, and employees of the Company as an alternative to the Company’s stock options. LTIP Units are classes of partnership interests that under certain conditions, including vesting, are convertible by the holder into Common Units, which are redeemable by the holder for Common Shares on a one-to-one ratio (subject to adjustment for changes to GGP’s capital structure) or for the cash value of such shares at the option of the Company.

Compensation expense related to stock-based compensation plans for the three months ended March 31, 2015 , and 2014 is summarized in the following table in thousands:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2015
 
2014
Stock options - Property management and other costs
$
1,889

 
$
2,205

Stock options - General and administrative
2,794

 
4,697

Restricted stock - Property management and other costs
773

 
421

Restricted stock - General and administrative
148

 
276

LTIP Units - Property management and other costs
383



LTIP Units - General and administrative
2,466



Total
$
8,453

 
$
7,599


The following tables summarize stock option and LTIP Unit activity for the Equity Plan for GGP for the three months ended March 31, 2015 , and 2014 :
 
2015
 
2014
 
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Exercise
Price
 
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Exercise
Price
Stock options Outstanding at January 1,
19,744,224

 
$
17.36

 
21,565,281

 
$
17.28

Granted
267,253

 
29.15

 
50,000

 
22.41

Exercised
(936,082
)
 
16.75

 
(26,652
)
 
15.79

Forfeited
(124,784
)
 
20.22

 
(107,797
)
 
18.78

Expired
(2,439
)
 
19.24

 
(8,102
)
 
14.39

Stock options Outstanding at March 31,
18,948,172

 
$
17.53

 
21,472,730

 
$
17.29



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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)



2015

2014

Shares

Weighted Average Exercise Price

Shares

Weighted Average Exercise Price
LTIP Units Outstanding at January 1,


$




$

Granted
1,758,396


29.33





Exercised







Forfeited







Expired







LTIP Units Outstanding at March 31,
1,758,396


$
29.33




$


NOTE 13                   ACCOUNTS AND NOTES RECEIVABLE, NET

The following table summarizes the significant components of Accounts and notes receivable, net.
 
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Trade receivables
 
$
93,268

 
$
124,698

Notes receivable
 
326,106

 
320,881

Straight-line rent receivable
 
217,470

 
230,172

Other accounts receivable
 
3,928

 
3,638

Total accounts and notes receivable
 
640,772

 
679,389

Provision for doubtful accounts
 
(16,619
)
 
(15,621
)
Total accounts and notes receivable, net
 
$
624,153

 
$
663,768


Included in notes receivable is a $110.7 million note receivable issued to Rique Empreendimentos e Participacoes Ltda. (“Rique”) in conjunction with our sale of Aliansce Shopping Centers, S.A. (“Aliansce”) to Rique and Canada Pension Plan Investment Board on September 30, 2013. The note receivable is denominated in Brazilian Reais, bears interest at an effective interest rate of approximately 14% , is collateralized by shares of common stock in Aliansce, and requires annual principal and interest payments over the 5 years term. We recognize the impact of changes in the exchange rate on the note receivable as gain or loss on foreign currency in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

NOTE 14                   PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER ASSETS
 
The following table summarizes the significant components of Prepaid expenses and other assets.

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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Gross Asset
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Balance
 
Gross Asset
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Balance
Intangible assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Above-market tenant leases, net
$
708,351

 
$
(405,951
)
 
$
302,400

 
$
870,103

 
$
(498,016
)
 
$
372,087

Below-market ground leases, net
119,545

 
(9,191
)
 
110,354

 
119,866

 
(8,906
)
 
110,960

Real estate tax stabilization agreement, net
111,506

 
(27,724
)
 
83,782

 
111,506

 
(26,146
)
 
85,360

Total intangible assets
$
939,402


$
(442,866
)
 
$
496,536

 
$
1,101,475


$
(533,068
)
 
$
568,407

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Remaining prepaid expenses and other assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Security and escrow deposits
 

 
 

 
77,674

 
 
 
 
 
93,676

Prepaid expenses
 

 
 

 
45,085

 
 
 
 
 
76,306

Other non-tenant receivables (1)
 

 
 

 
189,899

 
 
 
 
 
28,712

Deferred tax, net of valuation allowances
 

 
 

 
3,233

 
 
 
 
 
4,220

Other
 

 
 

 
34,538

 
 
 
 
 
42,456

Total remaining prepaid expenses and other assets
 

 
 

 
350,429

 
 

 
 

 
245,370

Total prepaid expenses and other assets
 

 
 

 
$
846,965

 
 

 
 

 
$
813,777

 
(1) Includes receivable due from our joint venture partner due upon completion of the redevelopment at Ala Moana.

NOTE 15                   ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES

The following table summarizes the significant components of Accounts payable and accrued expenses.
 

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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Gross Liability
 
Accumulated
Accretion
 
Balance
 
Gross Liability
 
Accumulated
Accretion
 
Balance
Intangible liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Below-market tenant leases, net
418,874

 
(211,926
)
 
$
206,948

 
502,919

 
(259,390
)
 
$
243,529

Above-market headquarters office leases, net
15,268

 
(7,302
)
 
$
7,966

 
15,268

 
(6,867
)
 
$
8,401

Above-market ground leases, net
9,127

 
(1,614
)
 
$
7,513

 
9,127

 
(1,522
)
 
$
7,605

Total intangible liabilities
$
443,269


$
(220,842
)
 
$
222,427

 
$
527,314


$
(267,779
)
 
$
259,535

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Remaining Accounts payable and accrued expenses:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Accrued interest
 

 
 

 
46,443

 
 

 
 

 
54,332

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 

 
 

 
66,993

 
 

 
 

 
82,292

Accrued real estate taxes
 

 
 

 
76,124

 
 

 
 

 
85,910

Deferred gains/income
 

 
 

 
95,970

 
 

 
 

 
114,968

Accrued payroll and other employee liabilities
 

 
 

 
29,585

 
 

 
 

 
55,059

Construction payable
 

 
 

 
102,619

 
 

 
 

 
198,471

Tenant and other deposits
 

 
 

 
12,550

 
 

 
 

 
21,423

Insurance reserve liability
 

 
 

 
16,352

 
 

 
 

 
16,509

Capital lease obligations
 

 
 

 
11,898

 
 

 
 

 
12,066

Conditional asset retirement obligation liability
 

 
 

 
9,379

 
 

 
 

 
10,135

Uncertain tax position liability
 

 
 

 
6,663

 
 

 
 

 
6,663

Other
 

 
 

 
18,310

 
 

 
 

 
17,534

Total remaining Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 

 
 

 
492,886

 
 

 
 

 
675,362

Total Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 

 
 

 
$
715,313

 
 

 
 

 
$
934,897


NOTE 16                   LITIGATION

In the normal course of business, from time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings relating to the ownership and operations of our properties. In management’s opinion, the liabilities, if any, that may ultimately result from such legal actions are not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Neither the Company nor any of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates is currently involved in any material pending legal proceedings nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding currently threatened against the Company or any of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates.

NOTE 17                   COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We lease land or buildings at certain properties from third parties. The leases generally provide us with a right of first refusal in the event of a proposed sale of the property by the landlord. Rental payments are expensed as incurred and have, to the extent applicable, been straight-lined over the term of the lease. The following is a summary of our contractual rental expense as presented in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income:

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GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Contractual rent expense, including participation rent
 
$
2,300

 
$
3,258

Contractual rent expense, including participation rent and excluding amortization of above and below-market ground leases and straight-line rent
 
1,697

 
2,102


See Note 16 for our disclosure of additional contingencies.

NOTE 18 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On April 1, 2015, we acquired 85 Fifth Avenue located in New York, New York for net equity of $14.0 million . In connection with the acquisition, we provided a $7.0 million loan to our joint venture partner.

On April 10, 2015, we sold a 12.5% interest in Ala Moana Center for net proceeds of approximately $454 million . We received $335 million at closing and expect to receive the remaining proceeds of $119 million in late 2016 upon completion of the redevelopment and expansion.

On April 17, 2015, GGP acquired the Crown Building located at 730 Fifth Avenue in New York City for approximately $1.775 billion which was funded with $1.25 billion of secured debt. GGP’s share of the equity is $205 million . In connection with the acquisition, we provided $204.3 million in loans to our joint venture partners.

On April 27, 2015, GGP sold the office portion of 200 Lafayette in New York City for a gross purchase price of approximately $125 million .

32


ITEM 2   MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

All references to numbered Notes are to specific footnotes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report and whose descriptions are incorporated into the applicable response by reference. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with such consolidated financial statements and related Notes. Capitalized terms used, but not defined, in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) have the same meanings as in such Notes.

Overview

Our primary business is owning and operating best-in-class retail properties that provide an outstanding environment and experience for our communities, retailers, employees, consumers and shareholders. We are an S&P 500 real estate company with a property portfolio comprised primarily of Class A malls (defined by sales per square foot) and urban retail properties. Our properties are the core centers of retail, dining, and entertainment within their trade areas and, therefore, represent hubs of such activity. predominantly located in the United States. As of March 31, 2015 , we own, either entirely or with joint venture partners, 129 retail properties located throughout the United States comprising approximately 127 million square feet of gross leasable area ("GLA").

We provide management and other services to substantially all of our properties, including properties which we own through joint venture arrangements and which are unconsolidated for GAAP purposes. Our management operating philosophies and strategies are the same whether the properties are consolidated or unconsolidated.

We seek to increase long-term Company NOI and Company EBITDA (as defined below) growth through proactive earnings growth through proactive management and leasing of our properties. We believe that the most significant operating factor affecting incremental cash flow, Company NOI, and Company EBITDA growth is increased rents earned from tenants at our properties. This growth is primarily achieved by:

contractual fixed rental increases;
positive re-leasing spreads on a suite-to-suite basis;
value creation from redevelopment projects;
opportunistic acquisition of high quality retail properties; and
managing operating expenses.

As of March 31, 2015 the level of long-term, or “permanent” occupancy, was 90.2%. Since March, 2014, we have seen an increase in rents between the rent paid on expiring leases and the rent commencing under new leases, on a suite-to-suite basis. On a suite-to-suite basis, the leases commencing occupancy in 2015 exhibited initial rents that were 8.7% higher than the final rents paid on expiring leases.

We may recycle capital by opportunistically investing in high quality retail properties. In addition, controlling operating expenses by leveraging our scale to maximize synergies is a critical component to Company NOI and Company EBITDA growth.

We have identified approximately $2.1 billion of income producing development and redevelopment projects within our portfolio, over 80% of which is being invested into Class A malls. We currently expect to achieve average returns of approximately 9-11% for all projects.

We believe our long-term strategy can provide our shareholders with a competitive risk-adjusted total return comprised of dividends and share price appreciation.

Financial Overview

Our Company NOI (as defined below) increased 3.3% from $528.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 to $546.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 . Our Company FFO (as defined below) increased 5.8% from $292.4 million million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 to $309.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 . Net income attributable to General Growth Properties, Inc. increased from $128.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 to $634.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 .

See Non-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measures below for a discussion of Company NOI and Company FFO, along with a reconciliation to the comparable GAAP measures, Operating income and Net income attributable to General Growth Properties, Inc.

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Table of Contents


Operating Metrics

The following table summarizes selected operating metrics for our portfolio.
 
March 31, 2015 (1)
 
March 31, 2014 (1)
 
% Change
In-Place Rents per square foot (2)
 

 
 

 
 

Consolidated Properties
$
65.05

 
$
64.49

 
0.87
 %
Unconsolidated Properties
88.67

 
86.83

 
2.12
 %
Total
$
72.62

 
$
71.64

 
1.37
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage Leased
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Properties
95.6
%
 
96.0
%
 
(40) bps

Unconsolidated Properties
96.3
%
 
96.8
%
 
(50) bps

Total
95.8
%
 
96.2
%
 
(40) bps

 
 
 
 
 
 
Tenant Sales Volume (All Less Anchors) (3)
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Properties
$
12,040

 
$
12,717

 
(5.32
)%
Unconsolidated Properties
8,313

 
6,958

 
19.47
 %
Total
$
20,353

 
$
19,675

 
3.45
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tenant Sales per square foot (3)
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Properties
$
503

 
$
519

 
(3.08
)%
Unconsolidated Properties
777

 
688

 
12.94
 %
Total
$
590

 
$
565

 
4.42
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Metrics exclude one asset that is being de-leased for redevelopment, assets acquired after January 1, 2014 and other assets.
(2) Rent is presented on a cash basis and consists of base minimum rent and common area costs.
(3) Tenant Sales (All Less Anchors) is presented as total sales volume in millions of dollars and Tenant Sales for tenants occupying less than 10,000 square feet is presented as sales per square foot in dollars on a trailing 12-month basis.
 
Lease Spread Metrics

The following table summarizes new and renewal leases that are scheduled to commence in 2015 and 2016 compared to expiring leases for the same suite for leases where the downtime between new and previous tenant was less than 24 months and the occupied space between the previous tenant and new tenant did not change by more than 10,000 square feet.
 
Number
of Leases
 
Square
Feet
 
Term/Years
 
Initial Rent Per
Square Foot(1)
 
Expiring Rent Per
Square Foot(2)
 
Initial Rent
Spread
 
% Change
Commencement 2015
912

 
2,816,298

 
6.0
 
$
62.64

 
$
57.63

 
$
5.01

 
8.7
%
Commencement 2016
57

 
222,058

 
7.3
 
111.38

 
85.70

 
25.68

 
30.0
%
Total 2015/2016
969

 
3,038,356

 
6.1
 
$
66.20

 
$
59.65

 
$
6.55

 
11.0
%
 
(1) Represents initial annual rent over the lease consisting of base minimum rent and common area maintenance.
(2) Represents expiring rent at end of lease consisting of base minimum rent and common area maintenance.


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Table of Contents

Results of Operations
 
Three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014
 
The following table is a breakout of the components of minimum rents:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Components of Minimum rents:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Base minimum rents
$
380,785

 
$
391,259

 
$
(10,474
)
 
(2.7
)%
Lease termination income
8,535

 
4,199

 
4,336

 
103.3

Straight-line rent
6,087

 
11,293

 
(5,206
)
 
(46.1
)
Above and below-market tenant leases, net
(21,295
)
 
(17,499
)
 
(3,796
)
 
21.7

Total Minimum rents
$
374,112

 
$
389,252

 
$
(15,140
)
 
(3.9
)%

Base minimum rents decreased $10.5 million primarily due to our contribution of Ala Moana Center into a joint venture during the first quarter of 2015 and our contribution of Bayside Marketplace into a joint venture during the fourth quarter of 2014. This resulted in $14.0 million less base minimum rents in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the first quarter of 2014 as the properties are now accounted for as Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates.
 
Tenant recoveries decreased $4.0 million primarily due to our contribution of Ala Moana Center into a joint venture during the first quarter of 2015 and our contribution of Bayside Marketplace into a joint venture during the fourth quarter of 2014. This resulted in $7.5 million less in tenant recoveries in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the first quarter of 2014 as the properties are now accounted for as Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. This decrease was offset by a $3.8 million increase in recoverable real estate taxes.

Overage rents decreased $1.0 million primarily due to our contribution of Ala Moana Center into a joint venture during the first quarter of 2015 and our contribution of Bayside Marketplace into a joint venture during the fourth quarter of 2014. This resulted in $1.5 million less in overage rents in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the first quarter of 2014 as the properties are now accounted for as Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates.

Management fees and other corporate revenues increased $2.4 million primarily due to redevelopment at Baybrook Mall and our contribution of Ala Moana Center and Bayside Marketplace in joint ventures. This resulted in $1.7 million of additional management fees in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the first quarter of 2014.

Other revenue decreased $11.0 million primarily due to non-recurring land condemnation revenues of $10.0 million received in the first quarter of 2014.

Property maintenance costs decreased $1.5 million primarily due to our contribution of Ala Moana Center into a joint venture during the first quarter of 2015 and our contribution of Bayside Marketplace into a joint venture during the fourth quarter of 2014. This resulted in $1.0 million less in property maintenance costs in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the first quarter of 2014 as the properties are now accounted for as Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates.

Other property operating costs decreased $9.4 million primarily due to our contribution of Ala Moana Center into a joint venture during the first quarter of 2015 and our contribution of Bayside Marketplace into a joint venture during the fourth quarter of 2014. This resulted in $5.8 million less in other property operating costs in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the first quarter of 2014 as the properties are now accounted for as Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates.

Interest and dividend income increased $2.4 million primarily due to $3.0 million of interest income from the notes receivable related to the acquisition of properties at 685 and 530 Fifth Avenue in New York City, New York.

Interest expense decreased $6.4 million primarily due to our contribution of Ala Moana Center into a joint venture during the first quarter of 2015 and our contribution of Bayside Marketplace into a joint venture during the fourth quarter of 2014. This resulted in $3.3 million less in interest expense in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the first quarter of 2014 as the properties are now accounted for as Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. In addition, interest expense on a corporate loan secured by fourteen properties decreased by $3.2 million due to a 2014 amendment that reduced the interest rate.
 

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The loss on foreign currency is related to a note receivable denominated in Brazilian Reais, and received in conjunction with the sale of Aliansce in the third quarter of 2013 ( Note 13 ).

The gain from change in control of investment properties of $591.2 million in 2015 is due to our contribution of Ala Moana Center into a joint venture during the first quarter of 2015.

Benefit from income taxes increased $14.9 million primarily due to the deferred Federal income tax benefit related to the foreign currency translation loss on the note receivable recorded in conjunction with the sale of Aliansce in 2013 ( Note 13 ).

Equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates increased $16.1 million primarily due to our recognition of a $12.0 million gain on the sale of our interest in a joint venture in the first quarter of 2015. In addition, the contribution of Ala Moana Center into a joint venture during the first quarter of 2015 resulted in a $4.6 million increase in equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the first quarter of 2014.

Discontinued operations, net for the three months ended March 31, 2014 , is primarily comprised of a $66.7 million gain on the extinguishment of debt related to the sale of one asset in the first quarter of 2014. Due to a change in accounting standards, no dispositions qualified for discontinued operations presentation during the three months ended March 31, 2015 ( Note 4 ).

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our primary source of liquidity is from the ownership and management of our properties. We may generate cash from refinancings or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Our primary uses of cash include payment of operating expenses, debt service, reinvestment in and redevelopment of properties, tenant allowances, and dividends.
 
We anticipate maintaining financial flexibility by managing our future maturities, amortization of debt, and minimizing cross collateralizations and corporate guarantees. We believe that we currently have sufficient liquidity to satisfy all of our commitments in the form of $173.3 million of consolidated unrestricted cash and $1.0 billion of available credit under our credit facility as of March 31, 2015 , as well as anticipated cash provided by operations.
 
Our key financing objectives include:

to obtain property-secured debt with laddered maturities;

to minimize the amount of debt that is cross-collateralized and/or recourse to us; and

to adhere to investment-grade debt levels.

We may also raise capital through public or private issuances of debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, common units of the Operating Partnerships (as defined in Note 1) or other capital raising activities.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2015 , we executed the following refinancing and capital transactions (at our proportionate share):
 
completed a $220.0 million secured financing, lowering the interest rate 170 basis points from 5.6% to 3.9% , lengthening the term-to-maturity from 2.7 years to 10.0 years, and generating net proceeds of $7.1 million ; and

paid down $527.2 million of consolidated mortgage notes with proceeds from the sale of an interest in Ala Moana Center with a weighted-average term-to-maturity of 1.6 years , and a weighted-average interest rate of 5.2% .

As of March 31, 2015 , we had $1.3 billion of debt pre-payable without penalty. We may pursue opportunities to refinance this debt at lower interest rates and longer maturities.
 
As a result of our financing efforts in 2015 , we have reduced the amount of debt due in the next three years from $2.0 billion to $1.2 billion , representing 6.8% of our total debt at maturity. The maximum amount due in any one of the next ten years is no more than $2.6 billion or approximately 15% of our total debt at maturity. In 2022, the $2.6 billion of debt maturing includes $1.1 billion for Ala Moana (at share).
 
As of March 31, 2015 , our proportionate share of total debt aggregated $19.1 billion . Our total debt includes our consolidated debt of $13.9 billion and our share of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates debt of $5.2 billion . Of our proportionate share of total

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Table of Contents

debt, $2.0 billion is recourse to the Company or its subsidiaries (including the Facility) due to guarantees or other security provisions for the benefit of the note holder.
 
The following table illustrates the scheduled payments for our proportionate share of total debt as of March 31, 2015 . The $206.2 million of Junior Subordinated Notes are due in 2036, but we may redeem them any time after April 30, 2011 (Note 7). As we do not expect to redeem the notes prior to maturity, they are included in the consolidated debt maturing subsequent to 2019.
 
Consolidated(1)
 
Unconsolidated(1)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
2015
$
380,871

 
$
132,431

2016
380,314

 
23,218

2017
536,566

 
195,646

2018
1,935,788

 
232,875

2019
1,097,062

 
1,169,057

Subsequent
9,554,877

 
3,428,665

 
$
13,885,478

 
$
5,181,892

 
(1) Excludes $34.5 million of adjustments related to debt market rate adjustment.
 
We believe we will be able to extend the maturity date, repay or refinance the consolidated debt that is scheduled to mature in 2015. We also believe that the joint ventures will be able to refinance the debt of our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates upon maturity; however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance or restructure such debt on acceptable terms or otherwise, or that joint venture operations or contributions by us and/or our partners will be sufficient to repay such loans.

Acquisitions and Joint Venture Activity

From time-to-time we may acquire whole or partial interests in high-quality retail properties and may sell assets.

On February 27, 2015, we formed a partnership to own and operate Ala Moana Center located in Honolulu, Hawaii. Effective with the partnership formation, we closed on the sale of a 25% equity interest in Ala Moana Center to the joint venture partner. The transaction generated approximately $907.0 million of net proceeds, of which we received approximately $670.0 million of net proceeds at closing. The remaining net proceeds of approximately $237.0 million will be paid in late 2016 upon completion of the redevelopment and expansion. Subsequent to quarter end, we sold an additional 12.5% interest in Ala Moana Center under similar terms.

We will account for the 75% interest in the joint venture that holds Ala Moana center under the equity method of accounting because we share control over major decisions with the joint venture partner, which results in the partner retaining substantive participating rights. Ala Moana Center was previously wholly Owned by GGP and accounted for on a consolidated basis.

On March 31, 2015, we acquired a 50% interest in a joint venture with Sears Holdings Corporation. that owns anchor pads and in-place leases at 12 stores located at our properties for approximately $165.0 million. We recorded the investment in the joint venture for approximately $164.5 million ($165.0 million net of prorations and acquisition costs) to investment in and loans to/from Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2015.

Warrants and Brookfield Investor Ownership
 
Brookfield owns or manages on behalf of third parties all of the Company’s outstanding Warrants (Note 9) which are exercisable into approximately 61 million common shares (assuming net share settlement) of the Company at a weighted-average exercise price of $9.05 per share. The exercise price and common shares issuable under the Warrants adjusts for future dividends declared by the Company.

As of February 4, 2015, Brookfield’s potential ownership of the Company (assuming full share settlement of the Warrants) was 39.8%, which is stated in their Form 13D filed on the same date. If Brookfield held or managed this same ownership through the maturity date of the Warrants, assuming: (a) GGP’s common stock price increased $10 per share and (b) the Warrants were adjusted for the impact of regular dividends, we estimate that their ownership would be 38.7% under net share settlement, and 40.0% under full share settlement.


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Table of Contents

Redevelopments
 
We are currently redeveloping several consolidated and unconsolidated properties primarily to improve the productivity and value of the property, convert large-scale anchor boxes into smaller leasable areas and to create new in-line retail space and new restaurant venues.
 
We have identified approximately $2.1 billion of income producing redevelopment projects within our portfolio, over 80% of which is being invested into Class A malls. We plan to fund these redevelopments with available cash flow, construction financing, and proceeds from debt refinancings. We continue to evaluate a number of other redevelopment projects to further enhance the quality of our assets. We currently expect to achieve returns that average 9-11% for all projects (cash on cost, first year stabilized). Expected returns are based on the completion of current and future redevelopment projects, and the success of the leasing and asset management plans in place for each project. Expected returns are subject to a number of variables, risks, and uncertainties including those disclosed within Item 1A of our Annual Report. We also refer the reader to our disclosure related to forward-looking statements, below. The following table illustrates our planned redevelopments:

Property
Description
 
Ownership %
 
GGP’s Total
Projected Share
of Cost
 
GGP’s
Investment to
Date (1)
 
Expected 
Return
on Investment (2)
 
Expected
Project
Opening
Major Development Summary (in millions, at share unless otherwise noted)
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Open
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
Total Open Projects
 
Various
 
$
430.1

 
$
406.9

 
12%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Under Construction
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mayfair Mall 3
Wauwatosa, WI
Nordstrom
 
100%
 
72.3

 
41.0

 
6-8%
 
Q4 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ridgedale Center 3
Minnetonka, MN
Nordstrom, Macy's Expansion, New Inline GLA and renovation
 
100%
 
106.2

 
68.1

 
8-9%
 
Q4 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Southwest Plaza
Littleton, CO
Redevelopment
 
100%
 
72.6

 
29.7

 
9-10%
 
Q4 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ala Moana Center 4
Honolulu, HI
Demolish existing Sears store and expand mall, adding anchor, box and inline tenants, reconfigure center court
 
62.5%
 
358.3

 
273.9

 
9-10%
 
Q4 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Baybrook Mall
Friendswood, TX
Expansion
 
53%
 
90.5

 
31.9

 
9-10%
 
Q4 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Projects
Various Malls
Redevelopment projects at various malls
 
N/A
 
280.5

 
79.4

 
8-9%
 
Various
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Projects Under Construction
 
 
 
$
980.4

 
$
524.0

 
8-10%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Projects in Pipeline
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Staten Island Mall
Staten Island, NY
Expansion
 
100%
 
180.0

 
5.3

 
8-9%
 
TBD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New Mall Development
Norwalk, CT
Ground up mall development
 
100%
 
285.0

 
38.4

 
8-10%
 
TBD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ala Moana Center 4 Honolulu, HI
Nordstrom box repositioning
 
62.5%
 
53.1

 
4.2

 
9-10%
 
TBD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Projects
Various Malls
Redevelopment projects at various malls
 
N/A
 
215.2

 
5.7

 
8-9%
 
TBD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Projects in Pipeline
 
 
 
$
733.3

 
$
53.6

 
8-10%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Development Summary
 
 
 
$
2,143.8

 
$
984.5

 
9-11%
 
 
 
(1) Projected costs and investments to date exclude capitalized interest and internal overhead.
(2) Return on investment represents first year stabilized cash on cost return, based upon budgeted assumptions. Actual costs may vary.
(3) Project ROI includes income related to uplift on existing space.
(4) The Ala Moana estimated project costs are $573 million and $85 million at 100%, consistent with prior quarters. The at share amounts are adjusted to reflect the additional 12.5% interest sold on April 10, 2015.


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Table of Contents

Our investment in these projects for the three months ended March 31, 2015 has increased from December 31, 2014 , in conjunction with the applicable development plan and as projects near completion. The continued progression of the redevelopment projects at Ala Moana Center and Baybrook Mall resulted in increases to GGP’s investment to date.

Capital Expenditures, Capitalized Interest and Overhead (at share)

The following table illustrates our capital expenditures, capitalized interest, and internal costs associated with leasing and development overhead, which primarily relate to ordinary capital projects at our operating properties. In addition, we incurred tenant allowances and capitalized leasing costs for our operating properties as outlined below. Capitalized interest is based upon qualified expenditures and interest rates; capitalized leasing and development costs are based upon time expended on these activities. These costs are amortized over lives which are consistent with the related asset.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Capital expenditures (1)
 
$
34,898

 
$
33,698

Tenant allowances (2)
 
41,772

 
32,079

Capitalized interest and capitalized overhead
 
17,080

 
16,202

Total
 
$
93,750

 
$
81,979

 
 
(1) Reflects only non-tenant operating capital expenditures.
(2) Tenant allowances paid on 0.9 million square feet.

The increase in Capital expenditures is primarily driven by refurbishment projects that improve the quality of our properties.

Common Stock Dividends

Our Board of Directors declared common stock dividends during 2015 and 2014 as follows:
Declaration Date
Record Date
Payment Date
Dividend Per Share
2015
 
 
 
February 19
April 15
April 30, 2015
$
0.17

2014
 
 
 
November 14
December 15
January 2, 2015
$
0.17

August 12
October 15
October 31, 2014
0.16

May 15
July 15
July 31, 2014
0.15

February 26
April 15
April 30, 2014
0.15


Preferred Stock Dividends

On February 13, 2013, we issued, under a public offering, 10,000,000 shares of 6.375% Series A Cumulative Stock at a price of $25.00 per share. Our Board of Directors declared preferred stock dividends during 2015 and 2014 as follows:
Declaration Date
Record Date
Payment Date
Dividend Per Share
2015
 
 
 
February 19
March 16
April 1, 2015
$
0.3984

2014
 
 
 
November 14
December 15
January 2, 2015
$
0.3984

August 12
September 15
October 1, 2014
0.3984

May 15
June 16
July 1, 2014
0.3984

February 26
March 17
April 1, 2014
0.3984


39



Summary of Cash Flows

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $223.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and $237.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 . Significant changes in the components of net cash provided by operating activities include:

in 2015 , an increase in base minimum rents and related collections due to overall increase in permanent occupancy; and
in 2014 , a decrease in interest costs primarily as a result of the of the redemption of unsecured corporate bonds.
 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities was $240.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and ($119.3) million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 . Significant components of net cash used in investing activities include:
 
in 2015 , development of real estate and property improvements, ($199.7) million ;
in 2015 , proceeds from the sale of real estate, $666.2 million ;
in 2015 , acqusition of real estate, ($165) million ;
in 2014 , development of real estate and property improvements, ($128.9) million .
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $663.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and $292.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 . Significant components of net cash used in financing activities include:

in 2015 , proceeds from the refinancing or issuance of mortgages, notes, and loans payable, of $342 million net of principal payments of ($874) million ;
in 2015 , cash distributions paid to common stockholders of ($150.4) million ;
in 2014 , proceeds from the refinancing or issuance of mortgages, notes, and loans payable, net of principal payments of $398.0 million ;
in 2014 , the acquisition of 27.6 million shares of our common stock, ($555.8) million ; and
in 2014 , cash distributions paid to common stockholders of ($127.6) million .

Seasonality

Although we have a year-long temporary leasing program, occupancies for short-term tenants and, therefore, rental income recognized, are higher during fourth quarter of the year. In addition, the majority of our tenants have December or January lease years for purposes of calculating annual overage rent amounts. Accordingly, overage rent thresholds are most commonly achieved in the fourth quarter. As a result, revenue production is generally highest in the fourth quarter of each year.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated interim financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the financial statements and disclosures. Some of these estimates and assumptions require application of difficult, subjective, and/or complex judgment about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and that may change in subsequent periods. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

A disclosure of our critical accounting policies which affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Refer also to the accounting policies discussed in Note 2.


40

Table of Contents

REIT Requirements

In order to remain qualified as a REIT for Federal income tax purposes, we must distribute at least 90% of our taxable ordinary income to stockholders. We are also subject to Federal income tax to the extent we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, including capital gains. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for more detail on our ability to remain qualified as a REIT.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2 for a discussion of the revised definition of discontinued operations and a recently-issued revenue recognition pronouncement. We have elected to adopt the revised definition of discontinued operations prospectively on January 1, 2015, pursuant to the pronouncement’s terms. On April 1, 2015, the FASB voted for a one-year deferral of the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard. If approved, the new standard will become effective beginning with the first quarter 2018. We are currently evaluating its impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Non-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measures and Definitions

Net Operating Income (“NOI”) and Company NOI

The Company defines NOI as income from property operations after operating expenses have been deducted, but prior to deducting financing, administrative and income tax expenses. NOI excludes reductions in ownership as a result of sales or other transactions ("Sold Interests") and has been reflected on a proportionate basis (at the Company’s ownership share). Other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating NOI, and accordingly, the Company’s NOI may not be comparable to other REITs. The Company considers NOI a helpful supplemental measure of its operating performance because it is a direct measure of the actual results of our properties. Because NOI excludes reductions in ownership as a result of sales or other transactions, general and administrative expenses, interest expense, retail investment property impairment or non-recoverable development costs, depreciation and amortization, gains and losses from property dispositions, allocations to noncontrolling interests, provision for income taxes, discontinued operations, preferred stock dividends, and extraordinary items, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the revenues and expenses directly associated with owning and operating commercial real estate properties and the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs.

The Company also considers Company NOI to be a helpful supplemental measure of its operating performance because it excludes from NOI certain non-cash and non-comparable items such as straight-line rent and intangible asset and liability amortization, which are a result of our emergence, acquisition accounting and other capital contribution or restructuring events. However, due to the exclusions noted, Company NOI should only be used as an alternative measure of the Company’s financial performance.  We present Company NOI and Company FFO (as defined below), as we believe certain investors and other users of our financial information use these measures of the Company’s historical operating performance.

Earnings Before Interest Expense, Income Tax, Depreciation, and Amortization ("EBITDA") and Company EBITDA

The Company defines EBITDA as NOI less certain property management and administrative expenses, net of management fees and other operational items. EBITDA is a commonly used measure of performance in many industries, but may not be comparable to measures calculated by other companies. Management believes EBITDA provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations because it helps us and our investors evaluate the ongoing operating performance of our properties after removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense) and our asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization). Management also believes the use of EBITDA facilitates comparisons between us and other equity REITs, retail property owners who are not REITs and other capital-intensive companies. Management uses EBITDA to evaluate property-level results and as one measure in determining the value of acquisitions and dispositions and, like FFO (discussed below), it is widely used by management in the annual budget process and for compensation programs.

The Company also considers Company EBITDA to be a helpful supplemental measure of its operating performance because it excludes from EBITDA certain non-cash and non-comparable items such as straight-line rent and intangible asset and liability amortization, which are a result of our emergence, acquisition accounting and other capital contribution or restructuring events. However, due to the exclusions noted, Company EBITDA should only be used as an alternative measure of the Company's financial performance.


41

Table of Contents

Funds From Operations (“FFO”) and Company FFO

The Company determines FFO based upon the definition set forth by National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), which may not be comparable to measures calculated by other companies who do not use the NAREIT definition of FFO. The Company determines FFO to be our share of consolidated net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization, excluding gains and losses from extraordinary items, excluding cumulative effects of accounting changes, excluding gains and losses from the sales of, or any impairment charges related to, previously depreciated operating properties, plus the allocable portion of FFO of unconsolidated joint ventures based upon our economic ownership interest, and all determined on a consistent basis in accordance with GAAP. As with our presentation of NOI, FFO has been reflected on a proportionate basis.

We consider FFO a helpful supplemental measure of the operating performance for equity REITs and a complement to GAAP measures because it is a recognized measure of performance by the real estate industry. FFO facilitates an understanding of the operating performance of our properties between periods because it does not give effect to real estate depreciation and amortization since these amounts are computed to allocate the cost of a property over its useful life. Since values for well-maintained real estate assets have historically increased or decreased based upon prevailing market conditions, the Company believes that FFO provides investors with a clearer view of the Company’s operating performance.

As with our presentation of Company NOI and Company EBITDA, the Company also considers Company FFO to be a helpful supplemental measure of the operating performance for equity REITs because it excludes from FFO certain items that are non-cash and certain non-comparable items such as our Company NOI adjustments, and FFO items such as mark-to-market adjustments on debt and write-off of mark-to-market adjustments on extinguished of debt, acquisition accounting and other capital contribution or restructuring events.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to GAAP Financial Measures  
The Company presents NOI, EBITDA, and FFO as they are financial measures widely used in the REIT industry. Reconciliations have been provided as follows: Company NOI to GAAP Operating Income, Company EBITDA to GAAP Net Income Attributable to GGP, and Company FFO to GAAP Net Income Attributable to GGP. None of our non-GAAP financial measures represents cash flow from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, none should be considered as an alternative to GAAP net income (loss) attributable to General Growth Properties, Inc. and none are necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. In addition, the Company has presented such financial measures on a consolidated and unconsolidated basis (at the Company's ownership share) as the Company believes that given the significance of the Company's operations that are owned through investments accounted for on the equity method of accounting, the detail of the operations of the Company's unconsolidated properties provides important insights into the income and FFO produced by such investments for the Company as a whole. 

42

Table of Contents

The following table reconciles Company NOI to GAAP Operating Income (dollars in thousands) for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 :
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
Company NOI
$
545,977

 
$
528,419

Adjustments for minimum rents, real estate taxes and other property operating costs
(21,495
)
 
(17,439
)
Proportionate NOI
524,482

 
510,980

NOI of Sold Interests
6,495

 
13,254

Unconsolidated Properties
(120,474
)
 
(93,789
)
Noncontrolling interest in operating income of Consolidated Properties and other
4,411

 
3,801

Consolidated Properties
414,914

 
434,246

Management fees and other corporate revenues
19,086

 
16,687

Property management and other costs
(42,793
)
 
(44,950
)
General and administrative
(12,446
)
 
(11,599
)
Depreciation and amortization
(175,948
)
 
(171,478
)
Operating Income
$
202,813

 
$
222,906



43

Table of Contents

The following table reconciles Company EBITDA to GAAP Net income attributable to GGP for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 :

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
Company EBITDA
 
$
501,928

 
$
481,580

Adjustments for minimum rents, real estate taxes, other property operating costs, and general and administrative
 
(21,495
)
 
(17,439
)
Proportionate EBITDA
 
480,433

 
464,141

Unconsolidated Properties
 
(112,372
)
 
(86,592
)
EBITDA of Sold Interests
 
6,472

 
13,200

Noncontrolling interest in EBITDA of Consolidated Properties
 
4,228

 
3,635

Consolidated Properties
 
378,761

 
394,384

Depreciation and amortization
 
(175,948
)
 
(171,478
)
Interest income
 
8,821

 
6,409

Interest expense
 
(172,651
)
 
(179,046
)
(Loss) gain on foreign currency
 
(22,910
)
 
5,182

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes
 
11,159

 
(3,692
)
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
 
23,273

 
7,157

Discontinued operations
 

 
72,972

Gains from changes in control of investment properties
 
591,245

 

Allocation to noncontrolling interests
 
(7,019
)
 
(3,852
)
Net income attributable to GGP
 
$
634,731

 
$
128,036


The following table reconciles Company FFO to GAAP net income attributable to GGP for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 :
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
Company FFO
 
$
309,338

 
$
292,419

Adjustments for minimum rents, property operating expenses, general and administrative, market rate adjustments, debt extinguishment, income taxes, and FFO from discontinued operations
 
(49,677
)
 
42,763

Proportionate FFO (1)
 
259,661

 
335,182

Depreciation and amortization of capitalized real estate costs
 
(229,869
)
 
(215,317
)
Gain from change in control of investment properties
 
591,245

 

Preferred stock dividends
 
3,984

 
3,984

Gains on sales of investment properties
 
12,021

 
6,299

Noncontrolling interests in depreciation of Consolidated Properties
 
2,035

 
1,662

Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(4,346
)
 
(664
)
Depreciation and amortization of discontinued operations
 

 
(3,110
)
Net income attributable to GGP
 
634,731

 
128,036

 
(1) FFO as defined by the NAREIT


44

Table of Contents

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements made in this section or elsewhere in this report may be deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although the Company believes the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statement are based on reasonable assumption, it can give no assurance that its expectations will be attained, and it is possible that actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the Company’s ability to refinance, extend, restructure or repay near and intermediate term debt, its indebtedness, its ability to raise capital through equity issuances, asset sales or the incurrence of new debt, retail and credit market conditions, impairments, its liquidity demands and economic conditions. The Company discusses these and other risks and uncertainties in its annual and quarterly periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company may update that discussion in its periodic reports, but otherwise takes no duty or obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise.

ITEM 3                            QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
There have been no significant changes in the market risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

ITEM 4                            CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”)).

Based on that evaluation, the CEO and the CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II                   OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1                       LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the normal course of business, from time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings relating to the ownership and operations of our properties. In management’s opinion, the liabilities, if any, that may ultimately result from such legal actions are not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Neither the Company nor any of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates is currently involved in any material pending legal proceedings nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding currently threatened against the Company or any of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates.

ITEM 1A   RISK FACTORS

There are no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report.

ITEM 2   UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None

ITEM 3                  DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4                            MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES


45

Table of Contents

Not applicable.

ITEM 5                  OTHER INFORMATION

None


ITEM 6                  EXHIBITS
10.1

 
Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Ala Moana Holding, LLC, dated April 10, 2015.
 
 
 
31.1

 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
31.2

 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
32.1

 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
32.2

 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
101

 
The following financial information from General Growth Properties, Inc.’s. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, has been filed with the SEC on May 1, 2015, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (1) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (2) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (3) Consolidated Statements of Equity, (4) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (5) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K, the registrant has not filed debt instruments relating to long-term debt that is not registered and for which the total amount of securities authorized thereunder does not exceed 10% of total assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis as of March 31, 2015 . The registrant agrees to furnish a copy of such agreements to the SEC upon request.

46

Table of Contents

SIGNATURE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
GENERAL GROWTH PROPERTIES, INC.
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
Date: May 1, 2015
By:
/s/ Michael Berman
 
 
Michael Berman
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(on behalf of the Registrant)


47


EXHIBIT INDEX
 
10.1
 
Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Ala Moana Holding, LLC, dated April 10, 2015.
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
101
 
The following financial information from General Growth Properties, Inc.’s. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, has been filed with the SEC on May 1, 2015, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (1) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (2) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (3) Consolidated Statements of Equity, (4) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (5) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.




48


SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT

OF


ALA MOANA HOLDING, LLC



 
 
 




SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
OF
ALA MOANA HOLDING, LLC
THIS SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT, dated as of April 10, 2015 (the “ Effective Date ”), is made and entered into by and among GGPLPLLC 2010 Loan Pledgor Holding, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ GGP Holding ”), GGPLP Prime, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ GGP Prime ”), AS Property Pearl REIT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ AS Owner ”), T-C Pearl Investor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ TIAA Owner ”), and any and all other persons and entities that, from time to time, become additional or substituted members of the Company (as defined below) and that subscribe their names on the signature pages hereto as signatories (collectively, the “ Members ”).
WHEREAS, Ala Moana Holding, LLC (the “ Company ”) was formed as a limited liability company by the filing of a Certificate of Formation dated the seventeenth day of April, 2014 (the “ Certificate ”) and the taking of all other necessary actions pursuant to the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (as amended from time to time, the “ Act ”);
WHEREAS, in connection with the formation of the Company, GGP Holding, as the then sole owner of the Company executed an operating agreement of the Company, dated as of May 1, 2014;
WHEREAS, at 12:36AM on May 1, 2014, GGP Holding distributed 50% of its Equity Interest (as defined below) in the Company to GGPLP L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company (“ Contributor ”), and at 12:41AM on May 1, 2014, Contributor contributed such 50% Equity Interest in the Company to GGP Prime;
WHEREAS, AS Owner’s affiliate (AS Property No.2 Pty Ltd, as trustee for AS Property No.2 Trust) and GGP Prime entered into, and GGP Holding agreed to certain aspects of, that certain Ala Moana Holding, LLC Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated January 27, 2015 (the “ AS Purchase Agreement ”), pursuant to which, among other things, AS Owner purchased from GGP Prime an Equity Interest in the Company constituting in the aggregate a twenty-five percent (25.0%) Percentage Interest in the Company;
WHEREAS, in connection with the AS Purchase Agreement, GGP Holding, GGP Prime and AS Owner executed the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Agreement of the Company, dated as of February 27, 2015 (the “ Existing Operating Agreement ”);
WHEREAS, TIAA Owner and GGP Prime entered into, and GGP Holding agreed to certain aspects of, that certain Ala Moana Holding, LLC Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated April 10, 2015 (the “ TIAA Purchase Agreement ”), pursuant to which, among other things, TIAA

 
 
 



Owner purchased from GGP Prime an Equity Interest in the Company constituting in the aggregate a twelve and one half percent (12.5%) Percentage Interest in the Company; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the Members deem it in their best interests to amend and restate the Existing Operating Agreement in its entirety pursuant to the terms hereof.
NOW, THEREFOR, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants of the Members hereinafter set forth, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby amend and restate the Existing Operating Agreement in its entirety and agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1      Formation . The term of the Company commenced upon the filing of the Certificate with the Secretary of State of Delaware (the date of such filing is referred to herein as the date of “ formation ” of the Company) and shall continue until dissolution of the Company in accordance with the provisions of Article 10 . The Managing Member (as defined below) also shall cause to be filed, recorded and published, such statements, notices, certificates and other instruments required by any provision of any applicable law that governs the formation of the Company or the conduct of its business from time to time. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the provisions of this Agreement (as defined below) shall override the provisions of the Act in the event of any inconsistency or contradiction between them.
1.2      Name . The name of the Company shall be “Ala Moana Holding, LLC” or such other name or names as the Members may jointly determine from time to time pursuant to Section 6.2 .
1.3      Admission of TIAA Owner. TIAA Owner is hereby admitted as a Member and shall be shown as such on the books and records of the Company.
1.4      Purpose . Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the purposes of the Company shall be as follows:
(a)      to own, manage, finance, sell, pledge, mortgage or otherwise dispose of or otherwise deal with Equity Interests in the Subsidiaries (as defined below); and
(b)      to own, manage, maintain, operate, finance, lease, improve, develop, redevelop, sell, pledge, mortgage or otherwise dispose of the Property (as defined below) through the Subsidiaries; and
(c)      to engage in such other activities incidental or reasonably necessary to the furtherance of the foregoing purposes.
1.5      Principal Office . The Managing Member shall maintain a principal office for the Company at 110 N. Wacker Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60606, at such other location as shall constitute

2



the principal office of Managing Member in the United States or at such other place or places as may be designated by Managing Member with the other Members’ approval.
1.6      Taxation as Partnership . The Members intend and agree that the Company will be treated as a partnership for United States federal and, as applicable, foreign, state and local income tax purposes.  Each Member agrees that it will not cause or permit the Company to:  (i) be excluded from the provisions of Subchapter K of the Code, under Code Section 761, or otherwise; (ii) file the election under Treasury Regulations Section 301.7701-3 (or any successor provision) which would result in the Company being treated as an entity taxable as a corporation for federal, state or local tax purposes; or (iii) do anything that would result in the Company not being treated as a “partnership” for United States federal and, as applicable, foreign, state and local tax purposes.  Each Member and the Company shall file all tax returns and shall otherwise take all tax and financial reporting positions in a manner consistent with such treatment.  The Managing Member shall use reasonable efforts to cause the Company to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes.
ARTICLE 2     
DEFINITIONS
2.1      Definitions . Capitalized terms used in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth below or as otherwise specified herein:
Act ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
Affiliate ” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person Controlling, Controlled by or under common Control with such Person. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, it is agreed that none of the Members or any of their respective Affiliates shall be treated as Affiliates of the Company or any Subsidiaries.
Affiliate Agreement ” means any agreement (or any amendment thereto) between the Company or the Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and any Member or any Affiliate of any Member, on the other hand.
Affiliated REIT ” means any Entity that directly or indirectly owns an Equity Interest in any GGP Member, AS Owner Member or TIAA Owner Member (as the case may be) and that has elected to maintain its status as a REIT or that informs by delivery of written notice, at any time, to the Managing Member that it intends to elect REIT status.
Agreement ” means this Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Ala Moana Holding, LLC, as amended or modified from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof.
Approved Owner ” means (a) with respect to any GGP Member, (i) GGPI or (ii) any Controlled Affiliate of GGPI, (b) with respect to AS Owner Member, (i) AustralianSuper Pty Ltd or (ii) any Permitted Transferee or Controlled Affiliate of AustralianSuper Pty Ltd, (c) with respect to TIAA Owner Member, (i) TIAA or (ii) any Controlled Affiliate of TIAA and (d) with respect to any other Person, a Controlled Affiliate of such other Person.

3



AS Owner ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
AS Owner Member ” means any Member that is an Affiliate of AustralianSuper Pty Ltd. As of the Effective Date, AS Owner is an AS Owner Member.
AS Purchase Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
Assessment ” or “ Assessments ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(b)(ii) .
Auditors ” means a firm of independent certified public accountants of recognized national standing approved by the Members in accordance with Section 6.2 .
Available Proceeds ” means, with respect to any period of time, all Cash Flow for such period of time, as reduced by increases in Reserves and increased by reductions in Reserves (with the amount of Reserves to be subject to Section 6.2 and the applicable Loan Documents).
Bankruptcy ” means, with respect to any Person, if (a) such Person makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, (b) such Person files a voluntary petition in bankruptcy, (c) such Person is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or has entered against it an order for relief, in any bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding, (d) such Person files a petition or answer seeking for itself any reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation or similar relief under any statute, law or regulation, (e) such Person files an answer or other pleading admitting or failing to contest the material allegations of a petition filed against it in any proceeding of this nature, (f) such Person seeks, consents to or acquiesces in the appointment of a trustee, receiver or liquidator of such Person or of all or any substantial part of its properties, or (g) ninety (90) days after the commencement of any proceeding against such Person seeking reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation or similar relief under any statute, law or regulation, the proceeding has not been dismissed, or within ninety (90) days after the appointment without such Person’s consent or acquiescence of a trustee, receiver or liquidator of such Person or of all or any substantial part of its properties, the appointment is not vacated or stayed, or within ninety (90) days after the expiration of any such stay, the appointment is not vacated.
Bankruptcy Code ” means the United States Bankruptcy Code 11.1 U.S.C. §§ 101, et seq .
Base Rate ” means, on any date, a variable rate per annum equal to the rate of interest most recently published by The Wall Street Journal (or if they no longer publish, a comparable publishing source) as the “prime rate” at large U.S. money center banks.
Base Rent ” means the minimum rent, common area maintenance fees, marketing reimbursements and rent adjustments based on indexes (if any) (but excluding percentage rent), adjusted for any lease concessions or rent abatements (but not adjusted for tenant improvement allowances).
Business Day ” means any day on which commercial banks are open for business in New York, New York, other than Saturday and Sunday. Any event the scheduled occurrence of which

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would fall on a day that is not a Business Day shall be deferred until the immediately succeeding day that is a Business Day.
Capital Account ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.4 .
Capital Call ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(a) .
Capital Contribution ” means, with respect to any Member, the amount of money and the Gross Asset Value of any property contributed by such Member to the Company (net of any liabilities secured by such property or to which such property is otherwise subject at the time of the contribution of such property).
Cash Flow ” means, for any period for which Cash Flow is being calculated, gross cash receipts received by the Company and the Subsidiaries during such period (including proceeds from financings and capital events), net of expenditures paid (or required to be paid) by the Company and the Subsidiaries during such period.
Cause Event ” means any of the following that occurs after the date hereof:
(a) the Managing Member commits a corporate felony or corporate fraud (as distinguished from the felony or fraud of an employee or other individual or individuals not acting in the name or on behalf of the Company or the Managing Member) with respect to the Property, the Company, any Subsidiary or any Member, or any (i) Managing Member Equity Owner or (ii) any Affiliate of the Managing Member which is a guarantor of obligations related to the Company, any Subsidiary or the Property commits a corporate felony or corporate fraud (as distinguished from the felony or fraud of an employee or other individual or individuals not acting in the name or on behalf of the Company or the Managing Member), which, in the case of (i) or (ii), has had or is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company, any Subsidiary or the Property.
(b) the Managing Member or any Affiliate of the Managing Member misapplies any funds derived from the Property (including lease payments, security deposits, insurance proceeds and condemnation awards), or commingles funds derived from the Property with other funds, unless the misapplication or commingling was (i) not intentional (provided, however, this item (i) shall only be operative from and after the third (3rd) such incident to which this clause (b) pertains), (ii) the Managing Member (or its Affiliate) promptly provides restitution thereof and (iii) if such misapplication or commingling was intentional, the responsible employee, agent or representative is terminated to the extent legally permissible;
(c) the Managing Member commits intentional misrepresentation, gross negligence or willful malfeasance with respect to the Company, a Subsidiary or the Property that has a material adverse effect on the Company, a Subsidiary, the Property or any Member and, in the case of gross negligence, the Managing Member does not cease the conduct giving rise to such gross negligence and make financial restitution for the Losses resulting therefrom within thirty (30) days following receipt by the Managing Member of a Cause Notice with respect thereto from any other Member;

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(d) the liquidation, dissolution or Bankruptcy of the Managing Member;
(e) a direct or indirect Transfer of all or part of the Interest of the Managing Member or any Affiliate thereof in violation of Article 8 ;
(f) a Material Breach or a Material Financing Breach has occurred.
Cause Notice ” means a written notice given to the Managing Member by another Member (with a copy of the same being given to each other Member concurrently therewith) that (a) specifies the events that such Member believes have occurred and give rise to a Cause Event and (b) contains the following notice in bold, all upper-case letters:
“THIS IS A CAUSE NOTICE. FAILURE TO ADDRESS THE CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED HEREIN IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT OF ALA MOANA HOLDING, LLC COULD RESULT IN YOUR REMOVAL AS MANAGING MEMBER.”
Certificate ” has the meaning set forth in Preamble.
Closing Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.6(a) .
Code ” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.
Company ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
Company Entity ” or “ Company Entities ” means, individually or collectively, as applicable, the Company and the Subsidiaries.
Company Guaranty Liabilities ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.6(c)(i) .
Company Minimum Gain ” has the meaning of “partnership minimum gain” set forth in U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. § 1.704-2(b)(2), and the amount of Company Minimum Gain, as well as any net increase or decrease in Company Minimum Gain, for a fiscal year or other period shall be determined in accordance with the rules of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. § 1.704-2(d).
Company Plan and Budget ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(a) .
Competitor ” means any Person: (a) if the primary business of such Person or any Affiliate thereof is the operation of, or management of commercial shopping malls similar to the Property or commercial regional shopping malls (for this purpose, a Person that, together with its Affiliates, is primarily an institutional investor but that also has a division or subsidiary that manages properties consisting primarily of properties in which such Person and such Affiliates own interests will not be considered a Competitor); and (b) listed on Exhibit A hereto, their principals and their respective Affiliates.

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Confidential Information ” means (a) all information, materials and data relating to any Company Entity or any Member or any Affiliate thereof that are not generally known to or available for use by the public (including this Agreement, information and materials relating to products or services, pricing structures (including historical or projected pricing, cost, sales and profitability of each product or service offered), accounting and business methods, financial data (including historical performance data, investment returns, valuations, financial statements or other information concerning historical or projected financial condition, results of operations or cash flows), inventions, devices, methods and processes, customers, clients and investors, customer, client and investor lists, copyrightable works and all technology, trade secrets and other proprietary information) and (b) all other information, materials and data, if any, which any Company Entity or any Member or Affiliate thereof is required by law or agreement to keep confidential.
Contributing Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.3(a) .
Contributor ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
Control ” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person (subject to customary consent and approval rights of the other owner or owners with respect to major decisions), whether through the ownership of voting Equity Interests or general partnership interests, by contract or otherwise, and “Controlling” and “Controlled” shall have meanings correlative thereto.
Controlled Affiliate ” means, with respect to any Person (the “ Specified Person ”), any other Person (a) Controlled by such Specified Person and (b) in which such Specified Person owns directly or indirectly at least fifty percent (50%) of the Equity Interests; provided, however, that in determining such ownership, any class of preferred or similar Equity Interests issued in connection with complying with minimum shareholder or owner requirements applicable to REITs shall be ignored.
Corporate Documentation ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.1 .
CPI ” means the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for All Items, 1982-84 = 100, published monthly by the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. If the Bureau of Labor Statistics changes the base period for computing the CPI or otherwise revises the manner in which the CPI is determined, an adjustment shall be made in the revised index which would produce results equivalent, as nearly as possible, to those which would be obtained hereunder if the CPI were not so revised. If the CPI becomes unavailable because publication is discontinued or otherwise, there shall be substituted therefor a comparable index, reasonably acceptable to the Managing Member, based upon changes in the cost of living or the purchasing power of the consumer dollar, published by an agency of the federal government or in the absence thereof, by a nationally recognized financial reporting service.
Deadlock ” means that there is a failure of the Members entitled to vote on Major Decisions to unanimously reach agreement on a Major Decision after the conclusion of the Deadlock Dispute Period and the earlier to occur of (i) a meeting of a senior executive officer of each Member, at which such officers agree to negotiate in good faith to resolve the deadlock or disagreement over

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such Major Decision or (ii) thirty (30) days after delivery of the Deadlock Notice with respect thereto.
Deadlock Dispute Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(a) .
Deadlock Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(a) .
Deemed Approval Notice ” means the following notice, which shall be in bold, all upper-cased letters:
“FAILURE TO RESPOND TO THIS REQUEST FOR CONSENT WITHIN FIVE (5) BUSINESS DAYS WILL CONSTITUTE DEEMED APPROVAL.”
Default Action ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.6(a)
Default Contribution ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.3(a)(iii) .
Depreciation ” means, for each taxable year or other period, an amount equal to the depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deduction allowable with respect to an asset for the year or other period, except that if the Gross Asset Value of an asset differs from its adjusted basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes at the beginning of the year or other period, Depreciation will be an amount which bears the same ratio to the beginning Gross Asset Value as the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deduction for the year or other period bears to the beginning adjusted tax basis, provided that if the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for the year or other period is zero, Depreciation will be determined with reference to the beginning Gross Asset Value using any reasonable method selected by the Managing Member.
Designated Representative ” means, with respect to a Member, the representative designated by such Member from time to time. The Designated Representative of a GGP Member shall be a Person who holds the position of Senior Vice President or higher at GGPI or GGP Real Estate Holding I, Inc., a Delaware corporation. The Designated Representative of AS Owner shall be a Person who holds the position of senior investment manager title or higher at AustralianSuper Pty Ltd. The Designated Representative of TIAA shall be a Person who holds the position of senior director or higher at TIAA. Managing Member hereby designates Shobi Khan as its initial Designated Representative, AS Owner hereby designates Jack McGougan as its initial Designated Representative and TIAA Owner hereby designates John Ragland as its initial Designated Representative.
Dilution Percentage Points ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.3(a)(iii) .
Disclosure Recipient ” means, with respect to any Member, such Person’s Affiliates, and such Person’s and such Affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees, representatives, agents, investors, attorneys or other financial or professional advisors, prospective purchasers or other prospective transferees (directly or indirectly) of all or any portion of such Member’s Interest and

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any prospective lender or other source of debt or equity financing to such Member, or any of such Member’s Affiliates, with respect to the Company.
Effective Date ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
Emergency Situation Response ” means, with respect to the Property, reasonable actions, in light of the circumstances, taken in direct response to unanticipated emergency situations at the Property to mitigate the imminent threat of material property damage, personal injury or death. For avoidance of doubt, restoration, redevelopment and any other actions that are included in an Emergency Situation Response shall only be such actions that are necessary to physically stabilize the Property and any such actions taken after any such emergency situation has been stabilized shall not be included in this definition.
Entity ” means a partnership (general, limited or limited liability), a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization, or a governmental, quasi‑governmental, judicial or regulatory entity or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof.
Equity Interest ” means (a) in the case of a corporation, shares of stock, (b) in the case of a general, limited or limited liability partnership, partnership interests, (c) in the case of a limited liability company, membership units/interests and (d) in the case of any other Entity, the comparable interests therein.
ERISA ” means the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
Existing Guaranty ” means, collectively, those certain Guaranties listed on Exhibit B attached hereto.
Existing Lender ” means, collectively, those certain third-party holder or holders of the Existing Loan, together with their successors and assigns, under the Existing Loan Agreement.
Existing Loan ” means, collectively, those Loans set forth on Exhibit B attached hereto.
Existing Loan Agreement ” means, collectively, those certain Loan Agreements among the Property Owners and the Existing Lender (as the same has been amended, and as the same may be amended or restated from time to time) set forth on Exhibit B attached hereto.
Existing Operating Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
Expansion Project ” means, collectively, those improvements to the Property consisting of (i) an approximately 675,000 square foot expansion of the Ala Moana Mall in Honolulu, Hawaii, which expansion will be commonly known as “Piikoi Wing” and anchored by Bloomingdale’s and Nordstrom, together with all appurtenances, fixtures, and tenant improvements now or hereafter constructed in connection with such expansion, (ii) the Nordstrom box redevelopment and backfill, and (iii) the renovation of the improvements at the Ala Moana Mall that include the reconfiguration of the center court, sun shading in the Nordstrom wing, renovation of the food court and related

9



projects designed to create consistency throughout the Property, all as more fully set forth in the development plans and budget attached hereto as Exhibit C .
Expansion Project Major Decision ” means the approval of any change to (a) the Expansion Project budget set forth on Exhibit C which results in an aggregate decrease of five percent (5%) or more of the hard costs set forth therein, or (b) any material deviation from the plans set forth on Exhibit C or any material deviation from the current positioning of the Property (as a first class shopping mall in the United States) or the opening time table set forth on Exhibit C (including, without limitation, any anchor tenant opening time tables); provided, however, that an amount reallocated from contingency shall not be included in the calculation of any budget decrease pursuant to clause (a) of this definition.
Expert ” means an individual selected to resolve a Deadlock, which individual shall be competent, qualified by training and experience, disinterested and independent, and shall have a minimum of twenty (20) years’ experience in developing, repositioning, financing and/or operating, as may be applicable with respect to the Deadlock presented, of major multi-tenant retail/office building containing no less than 300,000 rentable square feet.
Final Decision ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(b)(i) .
Fiscal Year ” means each fiscal year of the Company, which shall be the calendar year.
Fund ” means a Superannuation Fund, trust, partnership or body corporate or similar vehicle that: (a) is used or promoted to be used for collective investment by pooling the contributions of its members as consideration to acquire rights to benefits produced by the vehicle; (b) the contributing members of which do not have day-to-day control over the vehicle’s operation; and (c) is promoted to be offered to institutional or similar investors, is promoted to hold multiple assets, and is promoted to be open-ended.
Fund Manager ” means the professional manager, custodian, investment manager or trustee of a Fund.
Funding Election ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.3(a)(iii) .
GAAP ” means U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied.
GGP Crisis Management Guidelines ” shall mean the GGP Crisis Management Emergency Response Guidelines, dated January 29, 2013.
GGP Holding ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
GGP Member ” means any Member that is an Affiliate of GGPI. As of the Effective Date, GGP Holding and GGP Prime are GGP Members.
GGP Prime ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
GGPI ” means General Growth Properties, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

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GGPI Code of Ethics ” means the Code of Conduct of GGPI dated December 9, 2013 as the same is in effect from time to time, provided that the GGP Member has first notified the other Members of any changes thereto.
GGPI Policies ” means, individually and collectively, the Environmental Compliance Policy of GGPI (revised 01/01/2000), the GGP Crisis Management Guidelines and the Related Party Transactions Policy of GGPI dated May 15, 2014, as the same may be amended and/or replaced from time to time, provided that the GGP Member has first notified the other Members of any changes thereto.
Governing Documents ” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.16 .
Gross Asset Value ” means, with respect to any asset, the asset’s adjusted basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except as follows:
(a) the initial Gross Asset Value of any asset contributed by a Member to the Company shall be the gross fair market value of such asset, as determined by the Managing Member and such contributing Member;
(b) the Gross Asset Value of all property of the Company shall be adjusted to equal the respective gross fair market values of such property, as determined by the Managing Member in accordance with Treasury Reg. §1.704-1(b)(2)(iv), as of the following times: (i) the acquisition of additional interests in the Company by any new or existing Member in exchange for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution; (ii) the distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of property of the Company as consideration for an interest in the Company; (iii) the liquidation of the Company; and (iv) the exercise of a noncompensatory option within the meaning of Treasury Reg. §1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f)(5); provided, that adjustments pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) above shall be made only if the Managing Member determines that such adjustments are necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic interests of the Members;
(c) the Gross Asset Value of any property of the Company distributed to any Member shall be adjusted to equal the gross fair market value of such property on the date of distribution as determined by the Managing Member; and
(d) the Gross Asset Values of assets of the Company shall be increased (or decreased) to reflect any adjustments to the adjusted basis of such assets pursuant to Code Sections 734(b) or 743(b), but only to the extent that such adjustments are taken into account in determining Capital Accounts pursuant to U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m); provided, that Gross Asset Values shall not be adjusted pursuant to this paragraph (d) to the extent the Managing Member reasonably determines that an adjustment pursuant to paragraph (b) hereof is necessary or appropriate in connection with a transaction that would otherwise result in an adjustment pursuant to this paragraph (d).
If the Gross Asset Value of an asset has been determined or adjusted pursuant to paragraphs (a), (b) or (d) of this definition, such Gross Asset Value shall thereafter be adjusted by the Depreciation taken into account with respect to such asset for purposes of computing profits and losses.

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Indemnified Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.6(a) .
Initiating Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(a) .
Interest ” means, with respect to any Member at any time, the interest of such Member in the Company at such time, including the right of such Member to any and all benefits to which such Member may be entitled as provided in this Agreement, together with the obligations of such Member to comply with all the terms and provisions of this Agreement. Interest includes, without limitation, the “Membership Interests” defined and transferred under the Purchase Agreements.
Investment Company Act ” means the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Leasing Guidelines ” means the leasing guidelines contained in a Company Plan and Budget. The Leasing Guidelines may cover a period of more than one (1) year.
Lender ” means any third-party holder or holders of a Loan from time to time (including, without limitation, the Existing Lender).
Loan ” means a mortgage loan secured in whole or in part by the Property or any portion thereof (including the Existing Loan), or a so-called “mezzanine loan” secured by pledges of all or any portion of the Equity Interests, or the issuance of any preferred equity, in one or more Property Owners or other Subsidiaries.
Loan Documents ” means any loan documents evidencing or securing a Loan or any documents otherwise entered into with respect to any Loan, in each case, as the same may be amended or modified from time to time (including the Existing Loan Agreement).
Loan Election ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.3(a)(ii) .
Losses ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.6(b) .
Major Decision ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.2 .
Major Decision Notice ” means (a) any written notice issued by the Managing Member to the other Members in which the Managing Member proposes that the Company or a Subsidiary make, undertake or approve a Major Decision and (b) any written notice issued by a Member other than the Managing Member to the other Members in which the Member issuing such notice proposes that the Company or a Subsidiary make, undertake or approve a Major Decision specified in Section 6.2(d) , Section 6.2(g) and/or Section 6.2(o) (for clarity, a Member other than the Managing Member may not propose any other Major Decision).
Major Lease ” means a lease for more than fifteen thousand (15,000) square feet of gross leasable area.

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Major Property Agreement ” means any ground lease, master lease or reciprocal easement agreement that encumbers title to the real property included in the Property and that affects its operation.
Managing Member ” means GGP Holding, in its capacity as managing member of the Company, and any successor appointed after the occurrence of removal of the Managing Member in accordance with Section 6.7 .
Managing Member Equity Owner ” means, so long as a GGP Member is the Managing Member, GGPI and its Controlled Affiliates.
Material Breach ” means the Managing Member’s breach of this Agreement (other than breaches described in items (a) through (e) of the definition of “Cause Event” ) that (a) has or could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company, any Subsidiary or the Property and (B) is not cured within thirty (30) days following receipt by the Managing Member of a Cause Notice from any other Member specifying the nature of the breach; provided, however, that (v) if such breach or failure is not capable of being cured within such thirty (30) day period but it is capable of being cured and the Managing Member has commenced action to cure such breach or failure within such thirty (30) day period and thereafter diligently pursues such cure, such period of time shall be extended for up to an additional sixty (60) days (i.e., ninety (90) days total) while the Managing Member is acting diligently to cure such breach, (w) without limiting any other means of cure, such breach shall be deemed cured if the Managing Member makes full and complete financial restitution for any Losses to the Company or the Subsidiary arising from such breach, (x) Material Breach shall not include any breach of Section 3.2 , Section 3.3 , Section 8.5 or Section 8.6 , (y) no failure to provide notice is a breach for purposes of this definition and (z) none of the breaches or failures referred to in clause (x) or (y) of this definition can give rise to a Material Breach.
Material Financing Breach ” shall mean an act or omission of the Managing Member that causes the Company or any Subsidiary to incur indebtedness for borrowed money in breach of Section 6.2(g) that is not cured within thirty (30) days following receipt by the Managing Member of a Cause Notice from any other Member specifying the nature of the breach; provided, however, without limiting any other means of cure, such breach shall be deemed cured if the Managing Member makes full and complete financial restitution for the Losses to the Company or the Subsidiary arising from such breach.
Member Group ” means Members that are Affiliates of one another.
Member Minimum Gain ” has the meaning of “partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain” set forth in U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. § 1.704-2(i)(2), and the amount of Member Minimum Gain, as well as any net increase or decrease in Member Minimum Gain, for a fiscal year or other period shall be determined in accordance with the rules of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. § 1.704-2(i)(3).
Member Nonrecourse Deductions ” has the meaning of “partner nonrecourse deductions” set forth in U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-2(i), and the amount of Member Nonrecourse

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Deductions with respect to a Member Nonrecourse Liability for a fiscal year or other period shall be determined in accordance with the rules of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. § 1.704-2(i)(2).
Member Nonrecourse Liability ” has the meaning of “partner nonrecourse liability” set forth in U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. § 1.704-2(b)(4).
Members ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble. The definition of Members includes the Persons listed on Schedule I as members, in their capacity as members of the Company, and each Person who is admitted to the Company as a substitute Member pursuant to Section 8.1 , in its capacity as member of the Company, in each case (including in the case of a Person listed on Schedule I ) for so long as such Person continues to be a member hereunder.
Non-Contributing Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.3(a) .
Non-Controllable Items ” means the minimum amount of funds needed to (a) pay and perform when due all of the obligations of the Company and the Subsidiaries under any Loans (other than the payment of costs referenced in clause (iv) of the last sentence of Section 6.6(a) that would not have been paid in the absence of the conduct referred to in such clause) and other documents to which the Company or any Subsidiary is or shall be a party or by which it or its assets are bound and which have been entered into prior hereto or in accordance with the terms hereof, (b) pay when due real estate and other taxes, utility charges and insurance premiums for the Company, any Subsidiary or any Company or Subsidiary assets, (c) comply with any legal requirement now or hereafter in force which shall be applicable to all or any part of the Company, any Subsidiary or any Company or Subsidiary assets (including the making of capital expenditures required for such compliance), (d) pay when due the fees and other amounts owing pursuant to the Property Management Agreement, (e) pay the costs and expenses of the Tax Matters Partner in accordance with Section 11.6 , (f) pay amounts to be paid for indemnity pursuant to and subject to the terms of Section 6.6 , including for advancement of expenses, (g) pay the cost of Emergency Situation Responses and (h) pay other costs and expenses which are not within the discretion of the Company or any Subsidiary.
Non-Initiating Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(b)(i) .
Nonrecourse Deductions ” has the meaning set forth in U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §§ 1.704-2(b)(1) and 1.704-2(c).
OFAC ” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.11 .
Payment Default ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.3(a) .
Payment Default Loan ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.3(a)(ii) .
Payment Default Rate ” means twenty percent (20%) per annum; provided, that in no event shall the Payment Default Rate exceed the highest rate permitted by applicable law.

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Percentage Interest ” means, with respect to each Member, the percentage interest set forth opposite the name of such Member on Schedule I , subject to adjustment in accordance with this Agreement, including in accordance with Section 3.3 .
Permitted Cost Variance ” means a Variance to the Company Plan and Budget for any Fiscal Year of no more than (a) ten percent (10%) of any line item and (b) no more than two and one-half percent (2.5%) of the total of all amounts set forth in such Company Plan and Budget (any amount reallocated from contingency to any line item shall be treated as included in such line item and such reallocation shall not be counted in determining whether a Variance has occurred). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in no event shall any fees payable pursuant to a Property Management Agreement or any other Affiliate Agreement be subject to the Permitted Cost Variance.
Permitted Transferee ” means (a) the Trust’s Fund Manager, or any change in the Trust’s Fund Manager, provided that such transfer or change does not result in a change to the direct or indirect beneficial ownership of interests held by the Trust; and/or (b) a transfer of the assets of the Superannuation Fund that is an Affiliate of AS Owner to (i) any successor Superannuation Fund, or (ii) any successor Fund Manager of that Superannuation Fund or its successor Superannuation Fund, in the case of clause (i) or (ii) resulting from an amalgamation, demerger, merger or corporate reconstruction of that Superannuation Fund.
Person ” means an individual or Entity.
Plan Assets ” means “plan assets” as defined in U.S. Department of Labor regulations found at 29 C.F.R. §2510.3-101, as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA.
Property ” means the shopping center in Honolulu, Hawaii collectively known as Ala Moana Center and located on the real property legally described in Exhibit D , together with all other real property hereafter acquired by the Company or any Subsidiary.
Property Management Agreement ” means the property management, development and leasing agreement (as same may be modified in accordance with its terms) by and between the Property Manager and the Company, pursuant to which the Property Manager shall provide certain property management, development and leasing services to the Company, as more particularly described in Section 5.2 .
Property Manager ” means one or more Persons that serves as the “property manager” under a Property Management Agreement, as selected in accordance with this Agreement. The initial Property Manager shall be an Affiliate of GGP Holding.
Property Owners ” means, collectively, Ala Moana Anchor Acquisition, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, GGP Kapiolani Development L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company, GGP Ala Moana L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company, and Kapiolani Retail, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
Purchase Agreements ” means, collectively, the AS Purchase Agreement and the TIAA Purchase Agreement.

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Purchasing Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.6(a) .
Qualified Manager ” means, any Person, that (a) together with its Controlled Affiliates, owns, operates and/or manages at least ten (10) regional shopping malls with at least ten million (10,000,000) square feet of gross leasable area (excluding the Property) and (b) meets the requirements of the applicable Loan Documents.
Qualified Transferee ” means any Person that, together with its Affiliates, (a) has a net worth of at least $1,000,000,000 and owns directly or indirectly interests in, or manages, real estate assets or loans secured by real estate assets of at least $350,000,000, (b) is a qualified and permitted transferee under any Loan Documents, (c) in the case of a Transfer by a Member other than a GGP Member, is not a Competitor and (d) in the case of a Transfer by any other Member, (i) is an Entity that, in a joint venture or similar context, has not been (and whose Affiliates have not been) removed as a managing member (or the functional equivalent) by the other Member (or any Affiliates thereof) “for cause” and (ii) is an Entity that is not (and whose Affiliates are not) then engaged in litigation, arbitration or any other formal adversarial proceeding with the other Member (or any Affiliates thereof).
Reimbursing Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.7(a) .
REIT ” means real estate investment trust pursuant to Sections 856 through and including 860 of the Code.
Related Persons ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.2(i) .
Removal Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.7(a) .
Reserves ” means amounts required for future working capital needs, operating expenses, contingent obligations and other purposes, of the Company and its Subsidiaries as set forth in the Company Plan and Budget or otherwise agreed upon by the Members.
ROFO Below-Target Offer Price ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(d) .
ROFO Electing Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(b) .
ROFO Initiating Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(a) .
ROFO Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(a) .
ROFO Offered Interest ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(a) .
ROFO Purchase Option ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(b) .
ROFO Purchase Price ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(a) .
ROFO Recipient Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(a) .

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ROFO Response Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(b) .
ROFO Sale Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(d) .
ROFO Target Price ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(d) .
Securities Act ” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Selling Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.6(a) .
Specified Person ” has the meaning set forth in the definition of Controlled Affiliate.
Subject Interest ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.6(a) .
Subsidiary ” means, with respect to the Company, any Entity in which the Company (a) directly or indirectly holds at least a majority of the Equity Interests or (b) directly or indirectly holds a Controlling voting interest. As of the Effective Date, the Subsidiaries consist of the Property Owners.
Superannuation Fund ” means any entity which is subject to supervision pursuant to the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (Cth) or any successor legislation.
Termination Trigger ” means the occurrence of any of the following during the period from the date of a ROFO Electing Notice through the applicable Closing Date: a material casualty or condemnation to the Property, the Bankruptcy of the Company or any Subsidiary, a material payment default by a tenant under a Major Lease that remains uncured as of such Closing Date, or the Bankruptcy of a tenant under a Major Lease.
TIAA ” means Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, a New York corporation.
TIAA Owner ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
TIAA Owner Member ” means any Member that is an Affiliate of TIAA. As of the Effective Date, TIAA Owner is a TIAA Owner Member.
TIAA Purchase Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
Transfer ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.1(a) .
Treasury Reg. ” or “ Treasury Regulations ” means the final and temporary income tax regulations promulgated under the Code, as such regulations may be amended from time to time (including corresponding provisions of succeeding regulations).
TRS ” means a taxable REIT subsidiary (as such term is defined in section 856(l) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) of an Affiliated REIT.
Trust ” means AustralianSuper.

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United States ” or “ U.S. ” means the United States of America, its territories and possessions, any State of the United States of America and the District of Columbia.
Variance ” means, with respect a cost or expense item or items, the amount by which such item or items exceeds the amount set forth therefor in the applicable line item or budget, as the case may be.
ARTICLE 3     
CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS;
CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
3.1      Capital Contributions . The initial Capital Accounts of the Members shall be as set forth on Schedule I . The Percentage Interest in the Company set forth on Schedule I shall be adjusted from time to time to the extent necessary to reflect accurately transfers, redemptions, conversions, Capital Contributions, the issuance of additional Equity Interests or similar events having an effect on a Member’s Percentage Interest.
3.2      Additional Capital Contributions .
(d)      Any Member may, at any time or from time to time, request that each Member make additional Capital Contributions to fund (i) amounts required, due to a shortfall in Cash Flow, to fund amounts to be paid by the Company pursuant to Section 6.6(b) and amounts required to be paid by the Company pursuant to Section 6.6(c)(ii) on account of Company Guaranty Liabilities, (ii) amounts required, due to a shortfall in Cash Flow, to fund Non-Controllable Items (other than principal payments with respect to Loans, amounts referred to in clause (h) of the definition of Non-Controllable Items and, except as set forth in clause (i) above, amounts to be paid under Section 6.6 ), (iii) amounts required, due to a shortfall in Cash Flow, to fund expenditures that are consistent with an approved Company Plan and Budget (other than principal payments with respect to Loans), (iv) amounts approved by all Members pursuant to Section 6.2(c) , and (v) amounts required to be called pursuant to a Final Decision on a Deadlock. Any such request shall be made by delivering written notice (each, a “ Capital Call ”) to the other Members that (1) sets forth the amount of such Capital Contribution and (2) provides a reasonably detailed explanation of why such Capital Contribution is required and the anticipated use of such Capital Contribution. Each Member shall, within fifteen (15) Business Days after receipt of a Capital Call, contribute its Percentage Interest of the amount specified in the Capital Call by delivering such amount to a Company or Subsidiary account that has been designated by the Managing Member at least three (3) Business Days prior to the date on which the Capital Call is required to be funded or, in the absence of an account designation by the Managing Member, to a Company or Subsidiary account designated by the Member initiating the Capital Call. Each Capital Contribution shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account designated pursuant to this Section 3.2(a) .
(e)      Other than as set forth in this Section 3.2 , the Members shall not be obligated to make Capital Contributions to the Company.
(f)      The Managing Member shall cause the Company to return to the Members all or any portion of any Capital Contribution that is not used for the purpose for which it was called.

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Amounts to be returned to the Members that are described in the first sentence of this Section 3.2(c) shall be returned to all Members in proportion to the Capital Contribution made by each such Member in the applicable Capital Call.
3.3      Payment Default .
(a)      If any Member (a “ Non-Contributing Member ”) does not make full payment when due (a “ Payment Default ”) of any Capital Contribution that is required pursuant to a Capital Call given in accordance with Section 3.2 and such Payment Default is not cured within five (5) Business Days after written notice to such Member from another Member with respect to such Payment Default, then the Members that are not Non-Contributing Members (each a “ Contributing Member ”), may pursue one or more of the following actions:
(i)      Submit a request to the Managing Member after the expiration of the Non-Contributing Member’s cure period for a refund of all of the Capital Contributions made by the Members pursuant to such Capital Call, in which case the Managing Member may, in its sole discretion, cause the Company to immediately refund such amounts to such Contributing Members. Upon the return of such Capital Contributions pursuant to this Section 3.3(a)(i) , such Capital Call shall be deemed not to have been made; or
(ii)      If the Capital Contributions made by the Contributing Members have not been returned pursuant to Section 3.3(a)(i) , elect, by written notice (the “ Loan Election ”) to the Managing Member, to advance as a loan to the Non-Contributing Member (a “ Payment Default Loan ”) an amount equal to the Payment Default, and such Payment Default Loan shall be made pursuant to this Section 3.3(a)(ii) within five (5) Business Days after the last such Contributing Member’s Loan Election. Each Payment Default Loan (x) shall be a loan by the Contributing Member to the Non-Contributing Member (if there is more than one Person comprising Contributing Member, each such Person shall make such portion of such Payment Default Loan on a pro rata basis in accordance with such Person’s respective Percentage Interest in the Company, or as such Persons shall otherwise agree), (y) shall bear interest at a rate equal to the Payment Default Rate, and (z) to the extent not previously repaid directly by the Non-Contributing Member to the Contributing Member, shall be repaid solely from Available Proceeds (with all costs associated with the Payment Default Loan being the responsibility of the Non-Contributing Member) pursuant to Section 4.2 or upon Transfer of the Non-Contributing Member’s Interest pursuant to Section 8.5 or Section 8.6 . The Capital Account of the Contributing Member shall not be credited with the amount of any Payment Default Loan (unless contributed to capital pursuant to Section 3.3(a)(iii) ). The repayment of a Payment Default Loan and payment or reimbursement of any interest or expenses thereunder shall not constitute a return of Contributing Member’s Capital Contributions and shall not reduce the Contributing Member’s Capital Account. If Contributing Member consists of more than one Person, payments with respect to such Payment Default Loan shall be made to such Persons in proportion to the principal amounts advanced by them and payments with respect to a Payment Default Loan shall be applied first to accrued interest and then to principal. Payment Default Loans shall be secured by the Non-Contributing Member’s Interest. The Non-Contributing Member hereby grants a

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security interest in its Interest to the Contributing Member (and if there is more than one Contributing Member, on a pari passu basis to all such Contributing Members) to secure repayment of all Payment Default Loans and the Non-Contributing Member hereby irrevocably appoints such Contributing Member(s), and any of its respective officers, managers or agents, as its attorney-in-fact coupled with an interest with full power to prepare and execute any documents, instruments and agreements, including such Uniform Commercial Code Financing Statements, continuation statements, and other security instruments as may be appropriate to perfect and continue its security interest in favor of the Contributing Member; and/or
(iii)      If a Payment Default Loan is not repaid in full within one hundred eighty (180) days of the date such Payment Default Loan is advanced, elect, by written notice (the “ Funding Election ”) to the Managing Member, to contribute to the Company as a Capital Contribution by the Contributing Member (a “ Default Contribution ”) the outstanding amount of the Payment Default Loan and accrued interest thereon, and such Default Contribution shall be made pursuant to this Section 3.3(a)(iii) within five (5) Business Days after the Contributing Member’s Funding Election. Upon the making of a Default Contribution, the applicable Payment Default Loan shall no longer be outstanding and the Members’ respective Percentage Interests shall be adjusted pursuant to this Section 3.3(a)(iii) , effective as of the date of the Default Contribution. The Percentage Interest of the Non-Contributing Member immediately prior to such adjustment shall be reduced by a number of percentage points equal to the Dilution Percentage Points, and the Percentage Interest of the Contributing Member shall be increased by a number of percentage points equal to the Dilution Percentage Points (if there is more than one Person comprising Contributing Member, allocated among such Persons in the same proportions as they advanced the applicable Payment Default Loan). The “ Dilution Percentage Points ” means a fraction, expressed as a percentage, the numerator of which is the amount of the applicable Default Contribution multiplied by one and one-half (1.5), and the denominator of which is the total, cumulative Capital Contributions of all Members immediately after giving effect to the Default Contribution. If the aggregate Percentage Interests of the Members in a Member Group is reduced below eighty percent (80%) of their aggregate Percentage Interests on the Effective Date and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, such Members shall cease to have any approval rights with respect to Major Decisions. The foregoing adjustments shall be automatic and without further action by any Member. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each Member agrees to execute such documents and take such additional actions are may be reasonably requested by any other Member to evidence such adjustments.
(b)      Each Member hereby specifically agrees that, in the event such Member becomes a Non-Contributing Member, regardless of the reason therefor, such Member shall not be entitled to claim that the Company or any of the other Members is precluded, on the basis of any fiduciary or other duty arising in respect of such Member’s status as such or other equitable claim or theory, from seeking any of the penalties or other remedies permitted under this Agreement. For avoidance of doubt, the remedies expressly provided in this Section 3.3 shall be the exclusive

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remedies available with respect to a Payment Default, and neither the Members nor the Company may pursue any other remedies at law or in equity with respect to a Payment Default.
3.4      Capital Accounts; Allocations . The Company shall maintain a separate capital account for each Member (each, a “ Capital Account ”) according to the rules of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704‑1(b)(2)(iv). For this purpose, the Company may, upon the occurrence of any of the events specified in U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704‑1(b)(2)(iv)(f) or (d), increase or decrease the Capital Accounts in accordance with the rules of such regulation and U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704‑1(b)(2)(iv)(g) to reflect a revaluation of Company property. Items of Company income, gain, loss, expense or deduction for any fiscal period shall be allocated among the Members in such manner that, as of the end of such fiscal period and to the greatest extent possible, the Capital Account of each Member shall be equal to the sum of (i) the Member’s share of Company Minimum Gain and Member Minimum Gain and (ii) the respective net amount, positive or negative, that would be distributed to such Member from the Company or for which such Member would be liable to the Company under this Agreement, determined as if, on the last day of such fiscal period, the Company were to (a) liquidate the assets of the Company for an amount equal to their book value (determined according to the rules of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704‑1(b)(2)(iv)) and (b) distribute the proceeds in liquidation in accordance with Section 10.2 .
ARTICLE 4     
DISTRIBUTIONS
4.1      Distributions .
(g)      The Managing Member shall cause the Company to make distributions to the Members of all Available Proceeds as soon as practicable, which in any event shall be (i) at least quarterly in the case of Available Proceeds from operations and (ii) no later than ten (10) days after Available Proceeds from capital transactions are received by the Company. Available Proceeds shall be distributed to the Members, pro rata and pari passu, in accordance with the Members’ respective Percentage Interests.
(h)      Any distribution by the Company pursuant to this Agreement to the Person shown on the Company’s records as a Member or as the transferee of such Person’s right to receive such distributions (or to either such Person’s legal representative), shall acquit the Company and the Managing Member of all liability to any other Person that may be interested in such distribution by reason of any Transfer of such Person’s interest in the Company for any reason (including a Transfer of such interest by reason of the death, incompetency, Bankruptcy or liquidation of such Person).
(i)      With respect to each Fiscal Year, the Managing Member shall cause the Company to distribute an amount which would be sufficient to allow the Company to (i) satisfy the distribution requirements set forth in Section 857(a) of the Code, and (ii) avoid, to the extent possible, the imposition of income tax under Section 857(b) of the Code and the imposition of excise tax under Section 4981 of the Code, determined as if the Company were taxed as a REIT.

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(j)      Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, neither the Company nor the Managing Member on behalf of the Company shall be required to make a distribution to any Member on account of its interest in the Company to the extent such distribution would violate the Act or other applicable law.
4.2      Repayment of Payment Default Loans . Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 4.1 to the contrary, to the extent any Payment Default Loans are outstanding at the time that a distribution is to be made pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, then all amounts otherwise distributable to a Non-Contributing Member under Section 4.1 shall be distributed directly to the Contributing Member (or, if there is more than one Contributing Member, to the Contributing Members on a pro rata basis based on the outstanding principal amount of such Payment Default Loans loaned by such Contributing Members) and deemed to constitute distributions to the Non-Contributing Member followed by deemed payments of accrued interest and principal on all outstanding Payment Default Loans by the Non-Contributing Member to the Contributing Member until such time as all Payment Default Loans have been repaid in full. All amounts paid to a Contributing Member in satisfaction of a Payment Default Loan pursuant to the terms of this Section 4.2 shall be deemed to have been distributed to the Non-Contributing Member for all purposes of this Agreement (including the determination of the Non-Contributing Member’s Capital Account balance).
ARTICLE 5     
COMPANY PLAN AND BUDGET; PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
5.1      Company Plan and Budget .
(c)      A plan and budget is to be approved for the Company and the Subsidiaries for each Fiscal Year (the “ Company Plan and Budget ”) in accordance with this Section 5.1 . After approval of a proposed Company Plan and Budget in accordance with this Section 5.1 but subject to limitations contained herein, including in Section 6.2 , the Managing Member shall use commercially reasonable efforts to implement such Company Plan and Budget. The Company Plan and Budget for a Fiscal Year shall identify vendors and proposed vendors to the Company or any Subsidiary that are Affiliates of the Managing Member (other than the Property Manager existing as of the Effective Date and other than with respect to the services to be provided by the Managing Member under this Agreement).
(d)      Attached hereto as Exhibit E is a plan and budget for the period beginning on January 1, 2015 and ending on December 31, 2015 and the Members hereby approve such budget as the Company Plan and Budget for the remainder of 2015.
(e)      No later than November 1 of each calendar year, the Managing Member shall present a draft proposed Company Plan and Budget for the following year to the Members and no later than December 1 of each calendar year, the Managing Member shall present a final proposed Company Plan and Budget for the following year to the other Members for their consideration and approval and such proposed Company Plans and Budgets shall be in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E or another form containing substantially the same information. The other Members shall approve or disapprove the final proposed Company Plan and Budget by delivering written notice

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of such approval or disapproval to the Managing Member (and delivering a copy of the same disapproval notice to each other Member concurrently therewith) no later than thirty (30) days after the date on which the Managing Member delivered such final proposed Company Plan and Budget to the other Members, and the provisions of Section 6.9 shall apply with respect thereto. Upon Managing Member’s timely receipt from a Member of its disapproval regarding the proposed Company Plan and Budget or any component thereof, Managing Member shall diligently undertake to modify the disapproved matters. All Members shall act in good faith in order to agree upon each Company Plan and Budget and provide for the continued orderly operation of the Property. Pending the resolution of any such dispute, the Company Plan and Budget (including the Leasing Guidelines) then in effect shall remain in effect to the extent applicable and with respect to the specific items disapproved by any Member, increased by the greater of the CPI and three percent (3%) and by such amounts as may be necessary to account for Non-Controllable Items.
(f)      The Managing Member shall have the right, from time to time during each Fiscal Year, to submit a proposed amendment to the Company Plan and Budget for such Fiscal Year to the other Members for approval. Following delivery of any proposed amendment to a Company Plan and Budget, the other Members shall be required to approve or disapprove such proposed amendment to the Company Plan and Budget no later than thirty (30) days after the date on which the Managing Member has submitted the proposed amendment to the other Members, and the provisions of Section 6.9 shall apply with respect thereto. If a Member disapproves an amendment to a Company Plan and Budget, the Company Plan and Budget then in effect shall remain in effect without regard to such amendment.
(g)      The Managing Member is not making, and shall not be deemed to have made, any guaranty or warranty of the fiscal estimations set forth in any Company Plan and Budget.
5.2      Property Management Agreement .
(a)      The Property Owners may enter into a Property Management Agreement with the Property Manager that will govern the management, development, leasing and daily operation of the Property as more particularly set forth therein. The Company shall cause the Property Owners to pay the Property Manager under the Property Management Agreement the fees, expenses and other amounts set forth therein, in accordance with the terms thereof.
(b)      The Managing Member shall supervise the Property Manager and use commercially reasonable efforts to cause (or, if the Property Manager is an Affiliate of the Managing Member, cause) the Property Manager to carry out its obligations under the Property Management Agreement. The Managing Member may grant any consent or take any other act under the Property Management Agreement without the consent of any other Member except that the consent of the other Members must be obtained if the granting of such consent or taking of such other action requires such consent under the express terms of this Agreement.
(c)      If the Managing Member determines in good faith that the Property Manager is in default under a Property Management Agreement, the Managing Member shall promptly notify all Members of such default by the Property Manager and promptly cause the applicable Property Owner to enforce its rights, as owner, under such Property Management Agreement. If a Member

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other than the Managing Member believes in good faith that the Property Manager is in default under any Property Management Agreement and notifies the Managing Member thereof, the Managing Member shall, on behalf of the Company, if the Managing Member agrees in good faith that the Property Manager is in default under such Property Management Agreement, notify the Property Manager of such alleged default and promptly cause the applicable Property Owner to enforce its rights, as owner, under such Property Management Agreement. If (i) such other Member shall notify the Managing Member that such other Member believes in good faith that the Property Manager is in default under a Property Management Agreement, (ii) the Managing Member shall fail to cause the applicable Property Owner to enforce its rights, as owner, under such Property Management Agreement with respect to such default and (iii) the Property Manager is an Affiliate of the Managing Member, such other Member shall have the right, on behalf and in the name of the Company, after providing written notice to all other Members, to cause the applicable Property Owner to (x) enforce such Property Owner’s rights, as owner, under such Property Management Agreement (including any termination right, if applicable, and other rights) with respect to such default and (y) if such Property Management Agreement is terminated, execute a commercially reasonable property management agreement with a replacement Property Manager that is a Qualified Manager, not an Affiliate of any Member and that is selected by all the Members excluding the Managing Member.
ARTICLE 6     
MANAGEMENT
6.1      Management Authority .
(d)      Except as expressly otherwise provided herein, the management of the Company shall be vested exclusively in the Managing Member, and the Managing Member shall have the exclusive power and authority to administer the business, assets, conduct and affairs of the Company and the Subsidiaries. Subject to the express rights of the Members to consent to or approve certain matters as set forth in this Agreement, the Managing Member shall have the exclusive power on behalf and in the name of the Company to carry out any and all of the objectives and purposes of the Company and to perform any and all acts and enter into and perform any and all contracts and other activities on behalf of the Company and the Subsidiaries as the Managing Member reasonably deems necessary, appropriate or desirable to carry out the purposes of the Company.
(e)      The Managing Member shall discharge its duties as provided for in this Agreement. Subject to the limitations contained herein, including in Section 6.2 , the Managing Member shall, on behalf of the Company and the Subsidiaries and to the extent Company or Subsidiary funds are available therefor, (1) use commercially reasonable efforts to implement the Major Decisions that have been approved by all Members and the then applicable Company Plan and Budget, including, to the extent applicable, causing the Subsidiaries to take any such necessary actions or make any such necessary decisions to implement such approved Major Decisions and such Company Plan and Budget, (2) conduct the business and affairs of the Company and the Subsidiaries in a commercially reasonable manner, including by causing the Property Owners to enforce and perform obligations under any Loan or other agreement entered into by or binding upon

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the Company or any Subsidiary, (3) procure and maintain all insurance policies and coverages to be obtained and maintained by the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to any Loan or this Agreement (unless the failure to obtain the insurance required pursuant to this clause (3) is the result of the failure, after use of reasonable efforts, to locate such coverage in the marketplace) and promptly obtain any automatic reinstatement (by endorsement or otherwise) for any earthquake and/or flood insurance for the Property required at any time and from time to time to bring such earthquake and/or flood insurance coverage (including sub-limits) up to a minimum of $400,000,000 (or such higher amount as may be required by any Loan or this Agreement or otherwise recommended by the Managing Member) per item of occurrence in the event such insurance is used and a claim is made in connection with other assets other than the Property, (4) pay all obligations of the Company and the Subsidiaries when due, including real estate taxes for the Property, (5) use commercially reasonable efforts to enter into leases in accordance with the applicable Company Plan and Budget and the Property Management Agreement, (6) provide the other Members with copies of all notices of material default (A) to or from any governmental authorities relating to the business or affairs of the Company or its Subsidiaries or (B) pertaining to any Loan, Major Property Agreement, Property Management Agreement or Affiliate Agreement, and (7) provide the other Members with written notice of any other matter of which the Managing Member becomes aware that is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Property. The Managing Member shall devote sufficient time to perform its duties hereunder in accordance with this Agreement. Without the prior written consent of the other Members, the Managing Member shall not delegate any of its rights or powers to manage and control the business and affairs of the Company.
(f)      Without affecting the express rights of the Members herein as between themselves, third parties dealing with the Company may rely conclusively upon the power and authority of the Managing Member and on its acts as having been authorized and the Managing Member’s execution of any agreement or document on behalf of the Company is sufficient to bind the Company for all purposes.
6.2      Major Decisions . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, each matter, action and decision, including the granting of any option or entering into of any agreement to do any such matter, action or decision, listed below (each, a “ Major Decision ”) shall, subject to Section 3.3 , Section 5.2 , Section 6.3 and Section 6.7(c) , require (and the Managing Member shall not cause the Company to effect, take or make any such matters, actions, decisions, options or agreements, or cause the Subsidiaries to do any of such things, without) the approval of each Member which, together with its Affiliates, then owns in the aggregate at least a twenty-four and 99/100 percent (24.99%) Percentage Interest; provided, that notwithstanding the foregoing, the approval of TIAA Owner shall be required for each Major Decision as long as TIAA Owner owns in the aggregate at least a twelve and one-half percent (12.5%) Percentage Interest; and provided, further, that in the event that any one or more GGP Members sell, in the aggregate, at any time either a twelve and one-half percent (12.5%) Percentage Interest or a twelve and 49/100 percent (12.49%) Percentage Interest to any Person and the resulting aggregate Percentage Interest of the GGP Members is less than 62.5%, then upon such Person being admitted as a Member (if applicable), the approval of each Member which, together with its Affiliates, then owns in the aggregate at least a twelve and 49/100 percent (12.49%) Percentage Interest (instead of the aforementioned 24.99% Percentage Interest) will be required instead:

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(a)      approving the Company Plan and Budget for a Fiscal Year (and all amendments and updates thereto), including the amount of Reserves set forth therein (but this clause (a) shall not cover deviations from such Company Plan and Budget, which are addressed in clause (b) below);
(b)      making by the Company and the Subsidiaries of expenditures in a Fiscal Year that exceed the Company Plan and Budget for such Fiscal Year in excess of the Permitted Cost Variance; provided, however, that, none of a Non-Controllable Item, an expenditure authorized pursuant to another clause of this Section 6.2 or another section of this Agreement or a Company distribution shall be limited by this paragraph and the amount by which any such expenditure or distribution exceeds the amount therefor set forth in such Company Plan and Budget shall not be counted in determining whether a variance or deviation has occurred;
(c)      calling any Capital Contributions by the Members other than pursuant to Section 3.2(a)(i) , (ii) , (iii), or (v) ;
(d)      any sale or transfer (other than a condemnation or other involuntary transfer) of the Property (other than personal property) or any portion thereof or interest therein; provided, that this clause (d) shall not cover the leasing of space within the Property and shall exclude the development parcels set forth on Exhibit F , the sale of which for no consideration payable directly or indirectly to the Company or any Subsidiary has been approved hereby;
(e)      except as expressly authorized herein, admitting any new member in the Company, the issuance, redemption, purchase or sale by the Company of any Equity Interest in the Company or the purchase by the Company or any Subsidiary of any real property;
(f)      amending, modifying, supplementing or terminating this Agreement, the Certificate or the organizational or formation documents of any Subsidiary, or agreeing to amend, modify, supplement or terminate this Agreement, the Certificate or the organizational or formation documents of any Subsidiary, except as expressly authorized herein;
(g)      the incurrence by the Company or any Subsidiary of any indebtedness for borrowed money or entering into, amending or modifying by the Company or any Subsidiary of any financing, refinancing or Loan transaction involving indebtedness for borrowed money, or the granting by the Company or any Subsidiary of preferred equity or a security interest in any assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, and in each case approving the terms thereof and any documentation therefor (including all guaranties and indemnities), as well as any related arrangements such as interest rate hedging transactions (provided that, in no event shall such incurrence exceed the greater of (i) the aggregate principal and accrued interest on any then-current Loan, or (ii) the loan to value ratio, calculated as a percentage of the total appraised value of the Property as determined by an independent third-party appraiser in accordance with such Loan transaction, after giving effect to such indebtedness exceeds 50% (for clarity and without limitation, this paragraph (g) shall not cover the incurrence of trade payables, equipment leases and other liabilities in the ordinary course of business, or amounts due under any refinancing of existing indebtedness upon maturity thereof));

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(h)      (i) entering into, or amending, modifying, supplementing or waiving any material provision, or termination, by the Company or any Subsidiary, of a Major Lease or Major Property Agreement; (ii) entering into any other lease with an in-line tenant (i.e., other than a kiosk, cart or storage space lease) where the amount of the first year Base Rent is more than fifteen percent (15%) less than the first year Base Rent for the applicable rentable area specified in the applicable Company Plan and Budget; or (iii) amending, modifying, supplementing or waiving any other lease with an in-line tenant (i.e., other than a kiosk, cart or storage space lease) which results in a greater than fifteen percent (15%) reduction in the contracted-for rent;
(i)      amending, modifying, supplementing or waiving by the Company or any Subsidiary of any provision of, or termination by the Company or any Subsidiary of, a Property Management Agreement or the engagement by the Company or any Subsidiary of any replacement or additional property manager, developer or leasing agent for the Property (but this paragraph shall not cover (A) agreements to pay commissions to a tenant’s leasing agent, (B) the assignment of the rights of Property Manager under the Property Management Agreement to an Affiliate of GGPI or pursuant to Section 8.5 (provided that written notice of such assignment is delivered to all the Members concurrently therewith), or (C) the exercise of a Member’s rights pursuant to Section 5.2(c) );
(j)      entering into, amending, modifying, supplementing or waiving any material provision of or terminating any Affiliate Agreement except as provided in Section 5.2(c) ;
(k)      consolidating or merging the Company or any Subsidiary with or into any other Person or the engaging by the Company or any Subsidiary in any recapitalization, joint venture or other business combination, or the termination or dissolution of the Company or any Subsidiary;
(l)      to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, dissolving or liquidating the Company or any Subsidiary, in whole or in part, making by the Company or any Subsidiary of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, filing or otherwise initiating on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, as debtor, a petition in Bankruptcy, petitioning or applying by the Company or any Subsidiary to any tribunal for the appointment of a custodian, receiver or any trustee for the Company or any Subsidiary or for a substantial part of its property, commencing by the Company or any Subsidiary, as debtor, of any proceeding under any Bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, readjustment of debt, dissolution or liquidation law or statute of any jurisdiction, whether now or hereinafter in effect, admitting by the Company or any Subsidiary of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due or authorizing any of the foregoing to be done or taken on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, or consenting to or acquiescing in by the Company or any Subsidiary of the filing or other initiation of an involuntary petition for relief against the Company or any Subsidiary under any Chapter of the Bankruptcy Code or for the appointment of any trustee, receiver, conservator, assignee, sequestrator, custodian, liquidator (or other similar official) for the Company or any Subsidiary or all or substantially all of its assets;
(m)      initiating, engaging in, abandoning, filing or settling, on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, lawsuits or other proceedings, except for (A) actions to recover rents (including the imposition and execution of liens on tenants’ property) and other amounts payable to any Subsidiary under leases affecting the Property, or to enforce rights for nonmonetary breaches

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or defaults under such leases, provided that the expenditure of amounts in excess of $2,000,000 with respect to any applicable tenant action shall constitute a Major Decision, (B) the defense by insurers of insured claims (subject to any applicable deductible), (C) an action against a vendor, supplier or subcontractor in the ordinary course of business which does not involve an amount in excess of $2,000,000, or (D) settling any suit brought by a tenant or other liability claim which does not involve (i) an amount in excess of $2,000,000 or (ii) claims by such tenant or other party of fraud or criminality against the Company or any Subsidiary (but the expenditure of amounts below the thresholds set forth in this clause (m) is authorized);
(n)      amending, modifying, supplementing or terminating, or consenting to an amendment, modification, supplementation or termination of, any of the organizational documents or governing documents (e.g., certificate of formation, limited liability company agreement and the like) of any Subsidiary, except for such reasonable and customary amendments and modifications as may be required by a Lender to the Company in connection with the securing of financing for the Property by the Company or pursuant to any Loan requirements;
(o)      except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, selling, encumbering or pledging any of the Equity Interests in the Subsidiaries;
(p)      making any distributions in kind by the Company;
(q)      the incorporation or formation of any Subsidiary other than the Property Owners and other than a TRS of an Affiliated REIT;
(r)      approving the Company’s Auditors if other than those set forth on Exhibit G (with those on Exhibit G being hereby approved by all Members);
(s)      changing the fiscal year of the Company or any Subsidiary;
(t)      approving the delegation by the Managing Member of any of its responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities under this Agreement;
(u)      approving a capital project (other than the Expansion Project, which is hereby approved) by the Company or any Subsidiary the cost or expense of which exceeds $250,000; provided the aggregate amount of capital projects of $250,000 or less cannot exceed $500,000 in any fiscal year (unless such projects have been approved hereunder or are included in the approved Company Plan and Budget);
(v)      any Expansion Project Major Decision (with change orders not constituting an Expansion Project Major Decision being hereby approved);
(w)      the determination to deviate from Section 11.6(c)(ii) ;
(x)      the selection of banks for deposit of Company and Subsidiary funds (other than those listed or described on Exhibit H) , and the designation of Persons with signatory authority over withdrawal of such funds (other than individuals listed on such exhibit and their successors);

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(y)      approving or settling by the Company or any Subsidiary of any matters relating to (i) any casualty affecting the Property involving an amount of more than $10,000,000 or (ii) any condemnation or eminent domain proceeding affecting the Property (other than as required under applicable Loan Documents);
(z)      using or referencing in any way the name of, or any affiliation with, AS Owner, TIAA Owner or any of their Affiliates in any business representation or advertising;
(aa)      except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, making any tax decision or tax election (including decisions that could impact an Affiliated REIT’s status as a REIT, accounting method changes, and decisions made in connection with a tax audit) that is reasonably likely to have a material effect on the Company, any Subsidiary, the Property or any Member;
(bb)      making on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary any political contribution;
(cc)      changing the name of the Company;
(dd)      except as required under a Loan Document, making a material change to the type and amount of the insurance coverages maintained by the Company and the Subsidiaries (the Members hereby approve the insurance coverage maintained by the Company and the Subsidiaries on the date hereof provided that AS Owner and TIAA Owner are named as additional insureds to the extent of their interests in the Company);
(ee)      taking by the Company or any Subsidiary of any action inconsistent with the provisions of Section 1.4 hereof;
(ff)      making any changes to the zoning of the Property that prohibits or jeopardizes a then-current use; and
(gg)      any other action which expressly requires the consent of all Members under this Agreement.
6.3      Decision-Making Deadlock .
(a)      In the event the Members entitled to vote on a Major Decision fail to unanimously reach agreement on such Major Decision, a Member may, within five (5) Business Days following such failure to agree, request by written notice to the Managing Member (with a copy of such notice delivered to the other Members concurrently therewith) a meeting of the Designated Representatives. The Designated Representatives of all of the Members shall meet within thirty (30) days (the “ Deadlock Dispute Period ”) of such failure to agree to negotiate in good faith in order to try to resolve the deadlock or disagreement over the Major Decision. Failure of the Designated Representatives to meet shall not preclude a Deadlock from occurring. Upon expiration of the Deadlock Dispute Period, if the Members have not unanimously reached agreement on the Major Decision in dispute, a Member may issue a written notice to the other Members stating that failure to reach agreement on such Major Decision will give rise to a Deadlock (a “ Deadlock

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Notice ”). For purpose of this Section 6.3 , unanimous agreement will be deemed to have been reached if the Deadlock Notice is withdrawn within such thirty (30)-day period by the Member issuing such Deadlock Notice (the “ Initiating Member ”).
(b)      In the event of a Deadlock, the Initiating Member shall submit the Deadlock to dispute resolution in Chicago, Illinois and the following provisions shall apply:
(i)      The Initiating Member shall, within thirty (30) days following delivery of the Deadlock Notice, propose to the other Members (each, a “ Non-Initiating Member ”) the Initiating Member’s Expert. Within ten (10) Business Days following receipt of such proposed Expert, the Non-Initiating Members shall, by delivery of written notice to the Initiating Member, either (A) agree that the Initiating Member’s proposed Expert shall determine the Deadlock, or (B) if one or more Non-Initiating Members reject the Initiating Member’s proposed Expert, propose a second Expert; provided, however, that for purposes of the foregoing clause (B), only those Non-Initiating Members rejecting the Initiating Member’s proposed Expert shall participate in the selection of the second Expert. If a Non-Initiating Member should fail to provide such written notice within such time frame, such Non-Initiating Member shall be deemed to have selected the Initiating Member’s proposed Expert to resolve the Deadlock and render a Final Decision (as hereinafter defined). If the foregoing process results in the choosing of two (2) Experts, those two (2) chosen Experts shall, within ten (10) Business Days, mutually appoint a third Expert and give written notice thereof to the Members. The Expert, or three member panel of Experts, as applicable, appointed pursuant to this Section 6.3(b)(i) shall proceed to make the final determination with respect to the Deadlock as herein set forth (the “ Final Decision ”). The Final Decision with respect to the Deadlock shall be conclusive and binding on the parties.
(ii)      Within ten (10) Business Days following the selection of the Expert(s) pursuant to Section 6.3(b) hereof, the Initiating Member shall provide the Initiating Member’s Assessment (as hereinafter defined) of the Deadlock to the Expert(s) and the Non-Initiating Members, and the Non-Initiating Members shall provide the Non-Initiating Members’ Assessment of the Deadlock to the Expert(s) and to the Initiating Member, in each case together with written statements and supporting materials in support of their respective Assessment of the Deadlock and in opposition to the competing Assessment of the Deadlock. The Initiating Member’s determination of the Deadlock and the Non-Initiating Members’ determination of the Deadlock shall individually and collectively, as the context may require, be referred to as the “ Assessment ” or “ Assessments ”. If either the Initiating Member or the Non-Initiating Members shall fail to submit its Assessment of the Deadlock to the Expert(s) within the ten (10) Business Day period specified above, then the Final Decision of the Expert(s) shall be deemed to be the Assessment of the Deadlock submitted by the other party, and such Final Decision of the Deadlock shall be conclusive and binding on the Company and the Members.
(iii)      Upon receipt of the Assessments by the Expert(s), the Expert(s) shall provide to the Members: (A) a place (which shall be located in Chicago, Illinois) at which the Expert(s) shall hold a hearing in respect of the Deadlock; (B) a choice of three (3)

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Business Days out of the coming fifteen (15) Business Days for the parties to hold such hearing (provided that none of such three (3) Business Days shall be earlier than the fifth (5th) Business Day after such choice is received by the Members); and (C) a copy of the rules (including rules for the submission of additional evidence) for such hearing set by the Expert(s). The Members shall select one (1) of the three (3) available Business Days and hold the hearing in accordance with the rules set by the Expert(s); provided, that the Expert(s) shall have the discretion to determine to extend such hearing to as many as three (3) Business Days. The Expert(s) shall make their decision based on the concurring decision of a majority of the Expert(s) and shall endeavor to render a written opinion reflecting such decision within twenty (20) Business Days after the hearing.
(iv)      With respect to a determination on the Deadlock, the Expert(s) shall be empowered only to select one or the other of the Assessments of such Deadlock submitted by the parties as the Assessment that is most commercially reasonable and in the best interests of the Company under the relevant circumstances (including prevailing market conditions and the terms of the Agreement).
(v)      Each Member shall pay the cost, fees and expense for the services of the Expert such Member selects. The cost, fees and expense for the services of the third Member shall be a Company expense.
(c)      To the extent that there is a Final Decision on a Deadlock that requires the Company to incur costs for which the Company does not have funds available, then such costs may be funded with additional Capital Contributions called pursuant to Section 3.2.(a) hereof. Time shall be of the essence for the parties to perform as to all time periods in this Section 6.3.
(d)      Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, the unanimous consent of all Members shall be required to make any changes to this Agreement that would have the effect of eliminating or diminishing the existing express rights of any Member set forth in this Agreement, and such required unanimous consent shall not be the cause of any Deadlock or be subject to the Deadlock resolution process set forth in this Section 6.3 .
6.4      Financing Strategy . In the event the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of a Loan to the total appraised value of the Property, as determined by the independent third party appraiser selected by the Lender of such Loan, exceeds 40%, the Managing Member, at the time such Loan is incurred by the Company, shall present to the other Members a strategy, utilizing asset and/or revenue growth and/or loan amortization to reduce such loan to value ratio to 40% or less.
6.5      REIT Restrictions; Etc.
(a)      The Company and each of the Members acknowledges that each Affiliated REIT intends to qualify to be taxed as a REIT and that each Affiliated REIT’s ability to qualify and operate as a REIT and to avoid being subject to corporate-level income, and certain excise taxes will depend upon the nature of the Company’s income, assets and operations. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Managing Member and the Company shall at all times conduct the business of the Company in such manner that will enable each Affiliated REIT to qualify as a

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REIT and the Company, assuming it were a REIT, would continue to qualify as a REIT and that it (and each Affiliated REIT) would not be subject to any taxes under Section 857 of the Code. The Managing Member and the Company shall ensure that any property management or sub-management agreement entered into in respect of the Property contains restrictions substantially similar to this Section 6.5 . The Managing Member and the Company shall exercise all rights and powers in such a manner that:
(i)      at least ninety-five percent (95%) of the gross income of the Company for each taxable year (or portion thereof, if applicable) will be derived from the items described in Section 856(c)(2) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder;
(ii)      at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the gross income of the Company for each taxable year (or portion thereof, if applicable) will be derived from the items described in Section 856(c)(3) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder;
(iii)      as of the end of each quarter of each Fiscal Year, except for securities of a TRS, the Company shall not own, directly or indirectly, securities that would cause an Affiliated REIT to be treated, for purposes of Code Section 856(c)(4) and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, as holding securities (x) possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the total voting power of the outstanding securities of any one issuer, (y) having a value of more than ten percent (10%) of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer, or (z) issued by one issuer and having a value of more than five percent (5%) of the gross value of such Affiliated REIT;
(iv)      as of the end of each quarter of each Fiscal Year, the Company shall not hold securities of a TRS such that an Affiliated REIT is treated, for purposes of Code Section 856(c)(4) and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, as having more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the value of its assets represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries (as determined under Section 856(c) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder);
(v)      as of the end of each quarter of each Fiscal Year, at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the value of the Company’s assets shall be represented by the items described in Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder (that is, real estate assets, cash and cash items (including receivables) and government securities (each as defined in Section 856 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder));
(vi)      the Company shall not engage in any prohibited transaction within the meaning of Section 857(b)(6) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder;
(vii)      any services that would otherwise cause any rents from a lease to be excluded from treatment as rents from real property pursuant to Section 856(d)(2)(C) of the

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Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to an Affiliated REIT shall be provided by either (1) an independent contractor (as described in Section 856(d)(3) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) with respect to such Affiliated REIT and from whom neither the Company nor such Affiliated REIT derives or receives any income or (2) a TRS of such Affiliated REIT as described in Section 856(l) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, except as otherwise consented to in writing by such Affiliated REIT; and
(viii)      as of the end of each quarter of each Fiscal Year, except for a lessee or sublessee that is a TRS, the Company shall not own, directly or indirectly or by attribution (in accordance with attribution rules referred to in Section 856(d)(5) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder), in the aggregate more than 10% of the total value of all classes of stock or more than 10% of the total voting power (or, with respect to any such Person which is not a corporation, an interest of 10% or more in the assets or net profits of such Person) of a lessee or sublessee of all or any part of the Property or of any other assets of the Company except in each case with the specific written approval of the Affiliated REIT for whom such ownership would cause a related party rent issue under Section 856(d)(2) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.
(b)      The Members will act reasonably in amending Section 6.5(a) to reflect any material changes in the provisions of Sections 856 through and including Section 860 of the Code that are made after the date hereof. Any Member that has an Affiliated REIT may request from the Managing Member, no more frequently than quarterly per Member, a copy of any and all questionnaires that will be submitted to the Property Manager by the Managing Member and that are relevant to the determination of whether any income generated by the Property or services provided by the Company (or any Subsidiary) would violate the terms of Section 6.5(a) . The Managing Member shall provide the requesting Member with such copies within two (2) Business Days and will comply with reasonable requests for modifications to such questionnaires that are delivered to the Managing Member within three (3) Business Days of its provision of the copies to the requesting Member. The Managing Member shall use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that such questionnaires are completed and returned to such requesting Members within thirty (30) calendar days after the original requests were received by the Managing Member. Subject to the provisions of this Section 6.5(b) , a Member that has an Affiliated REIT may require that the Managing Member submit such questionnaires to the Property Manager.
(c)      The Managing Member shall exercise commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the Company and each Subsidiary from engaging in a transaction that is a “listed transaction” as defined in U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.6011-4(b)(2) on the date such transaction is commenced.
6.6      Exculpation and Indemnification; Existing Guaranty . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or any otherwise applicable provision of law or equity:
(a)      No (i) Member, (ii) Affiliate of such Member or (iii) officer, manager or director of any of the foregoing (each such party, an “ Indemnified Party ”) shall be liable, responsible or accountable in damages or otherwise to the Company or any Member, and the Company and

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each Member does hereby release such Indemnified Party, for any act or omission in connection with the Company or any Subsidiary, except to the extent that such act or omission is or resulted from a Default Action by such Indemnified Party or its Affiliates. For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Default Action ” on the part of a Person is any act or omission of such Person that (A) is a material breach of such Person’s obligations under this Agreement, (B) resulted from such Person’s willful malfeasance, fraud or gross negligence, (C) is a felony, or otherwise constitutes (or, if such Person were the Managing Member, would constitute) a Cause Event, on the part of such Person or (D) directly results in an event of default under any Loan Documents.
(b)      To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company shall indemnify and save harmless each Indemnified Party from any and all damages, liabilities, losses, costs, fees (including reasonable legal fees and costs) and expenses of any nature whatsoever, known or unknown, liquidated or unliquidated (collectively, “ Losses ”) that are suffered or incurred by an Indemnified Party and arise out of third party claims against such Indemnified Party in connection with (x) the affairs or activities of the Company or the Subsidiaries or (y) the performance by such Indemnified Party of any of the responsibilities of the Managing Member hereunder or otherwise in connection with the matters contemplated herein, except to the extent that such Losses resulted from a Default Action by such Indemnified Party or its Affiliates. The Company’s obligation herein to indemnify any Indemnified Party is in addition to any other indemnification to which such Indemnified Party is entitled, and any indemnity under this Section 6.6(b) shall be provided out of and to the extent of Company assets only, and no Member shall have personal liability on account thereof.
(c)      Notwithstanding the foregoing:
(i)      Each Member (other than the GGP Members) shall severally (and not jointly) indemnify and save harmless the GGP Members and their Affiliates (including GGPI) from any and all Losses incurred or amounts paid in connection with the Existing Guaranty (“ Company Guaranty Liabilities ”) to the extent such Company Guaranty Liabilities (A) resulted from a Default Action by such indemnifying Member or its Affiliates and (B) would not otherwise have been paid by the Company or any Subsidiary in the absence of such Default Action; and
(ii)      the Company shall indemnify and save harmless the GGP Members and their Affiliates (including GGPI) from any and all Company Guaranty Liabilities (other than those covered by item (i) of this clause (c)) except to the extent such Company Guaranty Liabilities (A) resulted from a Default Action by any GGP Member or its Affiliates (including GGPI) and (B) would not otherwise have been paid by the Company or any Subsidiary in the absence of such Default Action. The GGP Members shall be entitled to receive a credit for amounts paid by the GGP Members (or its Affiliates) in connection with the Existing Guaranty (other than amounts excluded pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence) against the GGP Members’ funding obligations set forth in a Capital Call delivered pursuant to Section 3.2(a)(i) .
(d)      If any Person becomes involved in any capacity in any action, proceeding or investigation in connection with any matter arising from, related to, or in connection with, this Agreement, the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s business or affairs or the Existing Guaranty, whether

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or not pending or threatened, and such Person believes in good faith that it is entitled to indemnification hereunder, the Company (or other Person that may be obligated to provide indemnification) will periodically advance such Person’s legal and other expenses (including the cost of any investigation and preparation) incurred in connection therewith; provided that such Person shall (i) affirm in writing that it in good faith believes that it is entitled to indemnification hereunder and (ii) agree in writing to promptly repay to the Company (or such other Person that may be obligated to provide indemnification) the amount of any such advanced expenses paid on its behalf to the extent that it shall be ultimately determined that such Person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company (or such other Person) in connection with such action, proceeding or investigation as provided above.
(e)      For all purposes of this Agreement, (i) the Managing Member shall not be in breach of this Agreement solely as the result of an act or failure to act in connection with the management of the Company or any Subsidiary unless such action or failure to act constitutes gross negligence, willful malfeasance or fraud or otherwise constitutes a Cause Event, and (ii) an act shall not constitute willful malfeasance if it was taken in good faith and in the belief that it was in the best interests of the Company or any Subsidiary.
(f)      To the extent that, at law or in equity, an Indemnified Party has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Company, the Subsidiaries, or any Member, such Indemnified Party shall not be liable to the Company, the Subsidiaries, or any Member for its good faith reliance on the provisions of this Agreement or the governing documents of the Subsidiaries. The provisions of this Agreement or the governing documents of the Subsidiaries, to the extent they expressly restrict or eliminate such duties and liabilities of the Indemnified Parties, are agreed by the Members (each on behalf of itself and its related Indemnified Parties) to replace such other duties and liabilities of such Indemnified Party.
(g)      Any repeal or modification of this Section 6.6 shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a Person existing at the time of such repeal or modification.
6.7      Removal of Managing Member . Subject to the terms of the Loan Documents:
(a)      Upon the occurrence of a Cause Event, either Member that is not an Affiliate of the Managing Member may remove the Managing Member as managing member of the Company by delivering a written notice to the Managing Member and the other Member (the “ Removal Notice ”) to such effect.
(b)      No removal of the Managing Member shall be effective unless each of the following conditions are satisfied within one hundred twenty (120) days after the date the Removal Notice is delivered to the removed Managing Member: (i) within ninety (90) days after the Removal Notice, the new managing member of the Company (which shall be a Member that is not an Affiliate of the removed Managing Member thereof, but no new Interests in the Company may be issued thereto) shall have assumed all obligations of the removed Managing Member as managing member under this Agreement arising on or after the date on which such new managing member becomes managing member of the Company (the Members that are not Affiliates of the removed Managing Member agreeing to negotiate in good faith to determine who shall become the new Managing

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Member or “manager” of the Company); and (ii) if required under the Act, an amendment to the Certificate shall have been filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware that reflects (1) the change in managing member, and (2) a change of the name of the Company so that it does not include the word “General Growth Properties” or “GGP” or any variation thereof.
(c)      In the event the Managing Member is removed, the Members that are not an Affiliate of the removed Managing Member may elect to cause the Company to, or to cause each Subsidiary to, terminate the Property Management Agreement and any other Affiliate Agreements with the removed Managing Member or its Affiliates. If any such agreements are terminated pursuant to this Section 6.7(c) , then such agreements shall be terminated after payment to the Property Manager or any other Affiliate of the Managing Member, as applicable, of all accrued and unpaid fees and expenses and other amounts owing prior to the date of such termination. If such Property Management Agreement is terminated, the Members that are not an Affiliate of the removed Managing Member shall cause the Company to execute a commercially reasonable property management agreement with a replacement Property Manager that is a Qualified Manager (and not an Affiliate of any Member).
6.8      Code of Ethics/Policies . The Members hereby adopt the GGPI Code of Ethics and GGPI Policies, and the Managing Member shall cause the Company to comply with the same. Managing Member shall provide written notice to the other Members promptly upon any amendments to and/or replacements of the GGPI Code of Ethics and/or GGPI Policies that are in effect as of the date hereof. Additionally, Managing Member shall promptly notify the other Members of any “Major Crisis Event” at the Property, as such term is defined in the GGP Crisis Management Guidelines.
6.9      Deemed Approval . Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, a Member shall be deemed to have approved a matter set forth in a Major Decision Notice if more than five (5) Business Days elapse following such Member’s receipt of a Deemed Approval Notice; provided, however, no Deemed Approval Notice shall be delivered prior to the expiration of at least twenty-five (25) days following delivery of a Major Decision Notice.
6.10      Additional Insurance Required by TIAA Owner . If, due to a change in policy of TIAA that applies to the Property and all other real property owned by TIAA and its Affiliates, additional insurance is required for the Property, the Managing Member shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such insurance and the cost of such additional insurance shall be paid by TIAA Owner.
ARTICLE 7     
MEMBERS
7.1      Limited Liability . No Member shall be personally liable for any obligations of the Company and no Member shall have any obligation to make Capital Contributions to the Company, except to the extent required by this Agreement or the Act; provided, that a Member shall be required to return any distribution made to it in error. To the extent any Member is required by the Act to return to the Company any distributions made to it and does so, such Member shall have a right of

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contribution from each other Member if necessary so that the Members have borne the obligation to return distributions in accordance with their Percentage Interests.
7.2      Business Opportunities . Notwithstanding anything to contrary contained herein or at law or in equity:
(i)      each Member recognizes that each of the other Members (including the Managing Member) and its members, partners, shareholders, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives and Affiliates (collectively, “ Related Persons ”) have, or may in the future have, other business interests, activities and investments, some of which are or may be in conflict or competition with the business of the Company and/or one or more of its Subsidiaries, and each of the other Members and its Related Persons are entitled to carry on such other business interests, activities and investments without restriction or limitation of any kind;
(ii)      each Member and its Related Persons may engage in or possess an interest in any other business or venture of any kind, independently or with others, including owning, financing, acquiring, leasing, promoting, developing, improving, operating, managing and servicing real property on its own behalf or on behalf of other Entities with which any Member or its Related Persons is affiliated or otherwise, and each Member and its Related Persons may engage in any such activities, whether or not in conflict or competition with the Company and/or one or more of its Subsidiaries without any obligation to offer any interest in such activities (including prior to a sale of such interest to a third party) to the Company, to any Subsidiary or to any Member and without any other restriction or limitation of any kind;
(iii)      none of the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any Member, shall have any right, by virtue of this Agreement or otherwise, in or to such activities, or the income or profits derived therefrom, and the pursuit of such activities, even if in competition with the business of the Company and/or one or more of its Subsidiaries, shall not be deemed wrongful or improper; and
(iv)      each Member acknowledges the conflicts of interest that may exist as the result of ownership and operation by the Managing Member and its Related Persons (including the Property Manager) of competing properties, each Member hereby agrees not to make any objection or bring any claim against the Managing Member or any of its Related Persons (including the Property Manager) on account of such conflict or the allocation of opportunities, including leasing opportunities, between the Property and any other property and each Member waives any and all of such objections or claims.
7.3      Confidential Information .
(a)      Each Member shall keep confidential and shall not disclose, and shall inform each of its Disclosure Recipients not to disclose, any Confidential Information regarding the Company Entities or the other Members’ Confidential Information, except (and then only) to the extent that (i) the disclosure of such information or materials is expressly required by applicable

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law, or (ii) the information or materials were previously known to such Member other than due to disclosure by any Company Entity or such other Member, or (iii) the information or materials become publicly known other than through the actions or inactions of such Member or its Disclosure Recipients, or (iv) the Managing Member reasonably determines that disclosure of the Confidential Information of the Company Entities is necessary or advisable in the operation of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s business or (v) the disclosure of such information and materials by such Member is to its Disclosure Recipients (provided that each such Disclosure Recipient agrees to keep such information and materials confidential to the same extent as if it were a Member of the Company or is otherwise required under applicable law to keep such information confidential). Without limiting the foregoing, in the event that any Member or any of its Disclosure Recipients is required by any applicable law, statute, governmental rule or regulation or judicial or governmental order, judgment or decree to disclose any information, unless otherwise agreed to by the Members, prior to such disclosure such Person shall promptly notify the other Members (to the extent not prohibited by applicable law from giving notice) in writing of such anticipated disclosure, which notification shall include the nature of the legal requirement and the extent of the required disclosure, and such Person shall cooperate with the Managing Member, at the Company’s expense, to preserve the confidentiality of such information consistent with applicable law (including withholding disclosure of such information, to the extent permissible, until such time as it has been finally determined that such disclosure is required under applicable law). No Member may use, and each Member shall inform any Disclosure Recipient to which it directly or indirectly discloses any Confidential Information not to use, such information for any purpose other than monitoring and evaluating such Member’s investment in the Company and, if such Member is the Managing Member and with respect to disclosures contemplated by clause (iv) above, carrying out its duties as such (but the parties acknowledge that the Managing Member and its Affiliates now own and in the future may own other properties, including competing properties, and that the Company Entities’ Confidential Information may be used in connection with such other properties without the same constituting a breach of this Agreement as long as any such Confidential Information relating to a Member or its Affiliates is not shared by the Managing Member or its Affiliates with any of their respective third party joint venture partners and is not shared to the detriment of the Company or its Subsidiaries). Any information provided to a Person at a Member’s direction shall be treated instead as having been provided to such Person by such Member, and such disclosure by the Member shall be subject to the requirements of this Section 7.3 .
(b)      Without limiting the foregoing, each Member agrees that the following items are included within Confidential Information of, and are of independent, proprietary, economic value to, the Company and/or the Subsidiaries and that the disclosure of such information in breach of this Agreement would cause substantial, irreparable harm to the Company and/or the Subsidiaries: (i) all information regarding the historical or projected cash flows, revenues, rental rates, expenses, capital expenditures and profitability of the Property; (ii) all information pertaining to the valuation ascribed to the Property; and (iii) all financial statements or other information concerning the historical or projected financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Property.
(c)      Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement (including the other provisions of this Section 7.3 ), each Member may disclose the tax treatment and tax structure (as such terms are used in Code Section 6011 and the Treasury Reg. promulgated thereunder) of its

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investment in the Company and of any transactions entered into by the Company; provided, that this authorization to disclose such tax treatment and tax structure is not intended to permit disclosure of any other information.
7.4      Negative Balances; Withdrawal of Capital; Interest; No Priority . A Member shall not have any obligation to the Company or to any other Member to restore any negative balance in the Capital Account of such Member. No Member may withdraw capital or receive any distributions except as specifically provided herein. No interest shall be paid by the Company on any Capital Contributions. No Member, in such capacity, shall have priority over any other Member as to return of Capital Contributions or allocations of income, gain, loss, expense, deduction or credits or as to distributions, except to the extent provided herein.
ARTICLE 8     
TRANSFER OF COMPANY INTERESTS
8.1      Transfer .
(e)      Except for a transfer pursuant to Section 8.1(b) , Section 8.5 or Section 8.6 and except for the grant of security interest contained in Section 3.3 and a transfer pursuant thereto, no Member may, sell, assign, transfer, encumber, pledge, mortgage or otherwise dispose of (a “ Transfer ”) any or all of its Interest to any Person unless the other Members have consented to such Transfer in writing (which consent may include such conditions as the Members request in their discretion).
(f)      (i)    A Member may Transfer its entire Interest in the Company to an Approved Owner of such Member without the consent of the other Members as long as (1) the Member assigning its entire Interest shall provide each other Member with prior written notice of such assignment, (2) neither such Member nor any of its Affiliates, if applicable, shall be in material breach of the terms of, or their respective obligations contained in, this Agreement at the time of such Transfer and (3) all of the conditions contained in Section 8.1(c) are satisfied with respect to such Transfer, provided, however, that, the transferor shall remain liable for all liabilities and obligations relating to the transferred Interest.
(ii)    The Transfer of all of the Equity Interests in any Person which directly or indirectly owns 100% of a GGP Member, AS Owner Member, or TIAA Owner Member (as the case may be) to an Approved Owner of the applicable Member shall be permitted without the consent of the other Members as long as (1) the Person Transferring such Equity Interests shall provide each Member that is not an Affiliate of such Person with written notice of such Transfer, (2) no Affiliate of such Person shall be in material breach of the terms of, or its obligations contained in, this Agreement at the time of such Transfer and (3) all of the conditions contained in Section 8.1(c) are satisfied with respect to such Transfer, provided, however, that, the transferor shall remain liable for all liabilities and obligations relating to the transferred Equity Interests.
(g)      Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement:

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(i)      No Transfer shall be permitted if the transferee does not truthfully make the representation and warranty contained in Section 9.1 or if such Transfer would (A) cause the Company to be treated as a publicly traded partnership within the meaning of Code Section 7704 and U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.7704-1, (B) cause the Company to be classified other than as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (C) cause all or any portion of the assets of the Company to constitute Plan Assets, (D) cause the Company to be required to register the interests in the Company under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Securities Act or the securities laws of any non-U.S. jurisdiction, (E) cause any of the Company, the Subsidiaries, the Members or their Affiliates to be subjected to (or materially increase its obligation with respect to) any regulations or reporting requirements that are significant or materially burdensome, (F) create a substantial risk that the limited liability of any Member would be affected adversely, or (G) be a breach or violation of any covenants, restrictions or other agreements contained in any documents entered into by any Subsidiary (or any Affiliate of the GGP Members) in connection with any Loan;
(ii)      As a condition to any Transfer of a Member’s Interest (including a Transfer not requiring the consent of the Members), the transferor and the transferee shall provide such legal opinions, documentation and information (including information necessary to comply with the requirements of Code Section 743, if applicable) as either Member shall reasonably request;
(iii)      The assignment of an Interest in accordance with Section 8.1 of this Agreement shall entitle the transferee only to receive the distributions and allocations with respect to such Interest and not to any other rights of a Member unless such transferee is admitted as a substitute Member pursuant to this Section 8.1(c)(iii) , in which case such admitted assignee shall be entitled to exercise all other rights with respect to such Interest (but an assignee is bound by the provisions of this Agreement, whether or not it becomes a substituted Member). A transferee of an Interest shall become a substitute Member only if the Transfer to such transferee is in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and such transferee executes a copy of this Agreement or an amendment hereto in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the non-transferring Members confirming such transferee’s agreement to be bound by this Agreement. The Managing Member shall modify Schedule I to reflect such admittance of any substitute Members, but the failure to do so shall not constitute a breach of this Agreement or affect such Person’s status as a substitute Member.
(iv)      The transferor and transferee of any Member’s Interest shall be jointly and severally obligated to reimburse the Managing Member and the Company for all reasonable, documented expenses (including any transfer taxes, attorneys’ fees and expenses and any immediate or ongoing accounting costs attributable to the Company’s compliance with the requirements of Code Section 743(b) or (e) with respect to the transferred Interest) of any Transfer or proposed Transfer of a Member’s Interest, whether or not consummated. The transferee of any Interest shall be treated as having made all of the Capital Contributions made by, and received all of the allocations and distributions received by, the transferor of such Interest in respect of such Interest.

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(h)      In addition to the other restrictions set forth in this Section 8.1 , and subject to Section 8.1(b) hereof, each Member shall cause each of its direct and indirect owners not to Transfer any Equity Interest in such Member or any such other direct or indirect owner to any Person; provided, however, that (x) the Transfer of Equity Interests or issuance of new Equity Interests in a GGP Member, AS Owner Member, or TIAA Owner Member or any direct or indirect owner thereof shall not be prohibited or otherwise restricted hereunder if (i) such Transfer of Equity Interests or issuance of new Equity Interests does not result in a change of control of such Member and (ii) following such Transfer of Equity Interests or issuance of new Equity Interests, at least fifty percent (50%) of the Equity Interests in such Member is owned, directly or indirectly, by one or more Approved Owners of such Member, and (y) the Transfer of all of the Equity Interests in any Affiliated REIT which directly or indirectly owns, as its sole asset, 100% of a GGP Member, AS Owner Member, or TIAA Owner Member (as the case may be) to any Person other than an Approved Owner pursuant to Section 8.1(b) shall not be prohibited or otherwise restricted if such Transfer is made in accordance with the provisions of Section 8.5 hereof. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Members agree that the Transfer of direct or indirect interests in an Affiliated REIT of AS Owner, TIAA Owner or GGP Member (but, for avoidance of doubt, not the Transfer of any direct interest of AS Owner Member, TIAA Owner Member or GGP Member, respectively, in the Company) in violation of the Transfer restrictions herein shall not be void and Managing Member shall not be entitled to injunctive relief, specific performance, or any equitable remedies in respect of such Transfer.
(i)      Any Transfer that violates this Section 8.1 shall be void and the purported buyer, assignee, transferee, pledgee, mortgagee or other recipient shall have no interest in or rights to Company assets, profits, losses or distributions and neither the Managing Member nor the Company shall be required to recognize any such interest or rights.
8.2      No Withdrawal or Loans . Except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement, no Member may withdraw as a member of the Company, nor shall any Member be required to withdraw from the Company, nor may a Member borrow or withdraw any portion of its Capital Account from the Company.
8.3      No Termination . Neither the substitution, death, incompetency, dissolution (whether voluntary or involuntary) nor Bankruptcy of a Member shall affect the existence of the Company, and the Company shall continue for the term of this Agreement unless sooner dissolved in accordance with this Agreement or the Act.
8.4      Waiver of Partition . Except as may otherwise be provided by law in connection with the dissolution, liquidation and final winding-up of the Company, each Member hereby irrevocably waives any and all rights that it may have to maintain an action for partition of any of the Company’s property.
8.5      Right of First Offer .
(d)      If any Member (the “ ROFO Initiating Member ”) desires to sell all or any portion of its Interests (the “ ROFO Offered Interest ”) to any Person, other than to an Approved Owner pursuant to Section 8.1(b) , the ROFO Initiating Member shall, at any time, provide written

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notice to the other Members (each, a “ ROFO Recipient Member ”) setting forth its intention to market for sale the ROFO Offered Interest (the “ ROFO Notice ”), which notice shall include (i) the cash purchase price that the ROFO Initiating Member is willing to accept for the ROFO Offered Interest, as determined in the ROFO Initiating Member’s sole discretion (the “ ROFO Purchase Price ”) and (ii) the other proposed material terms of such sale.
(e)      Within thirty (30) days after receipt of a ROFO Notice (such thirty (30) day period, the “ ROFO Response Period ”), a ROFO Recipient Member may deliver written notice (the “ ROFO Electing Notice ”) to the ROFO Initiating Member of such ROFO Recipient Member’s election to purchase the ROFO Offered Interest for the ROFO Purchase Price (the “ ROFO Purchase Option ”). In the event more than one ROFO Recipient Member elects the ROFO Purchase Option, the electing ROFO Recipient Members shall purchase the ROFO Offered Interest (and shall comply with the monetary obligations of this Section 8.5 ) on a pro-rata basis.
(f)      If a ROFO Recipient Member elects the ROFO Purchase Option pursuant to Section 8.5(b) , (i) within five (5) Business Days after such election has been made, the ROFO Recipient Member shall deposit into escrow, with an escrow agent selected by the ROFO Recipient Member (but not an Affiliate of the ROFO Recipient Member) and reasonably acceptable to the ROFO Initiating Member, a Twenty Million Dollar ($20,000,000) earnest money deposit, which deposit shall be applied to the purchase price at closing and (ii) the ROFO Initiating Member shall be obligated to sell, and the ROFO Recipient Member shall be obligated to purchase, the ROFO Offered Interest for the ROFO Purchase Price and upon the other terms contained in the ROFO Notice except as otherwise provided herein, (iii) the closing of such transaction shall occur in accordance with the provisions of Section 8.6 and (iv) the terms of Section 8.6 shall apply thereto (if more than one ROFO Recipient Member elects the ROFO Purchase Option, each ROFO Recipient Member shall purchase its proportionate share (or as the ROFO Recipient Members otherwise agree) of the ROFO Offered Interest in accordance with this clause (c)).
(g)      If a ROFO Recipient Member shall not timely elect to purchase the entire ROFO Offered Interest, the ROFO Initiating Member shall be free to market for sale the ROFO Offered Interest and negotiate with any prospective third party purchasers the terms for the sale of the ROFO Offered Interest and Transfer the ROFO Offered Interest pursuant to the terms hereof for an amount equal to or greater than ninety-eight percent (98%) of the ROFO Purchase Price (the “ ROFO Target Price ”) and on terms no more favorable to the purchasing party than those other terms contained in the ROFO Notice. If the ROFO Initiating Member receives a bona fide third-party offer during the ROFO Sale Period to purchase the ROFO Offered Interest for a purchase price that is less than the ROFO Target Price (a “ ROFO Below-Target Offer Price ”) and the ROFO Initiating Member desires to accept such offer, then the ROFO Initiating Member shall reoffer in writing to the ROFO Recipient Member the ROFO Offered Interest at such lower price and the provisions of this Section 8.5 shall re-commence except that the ROFO Recipient Member shall have only fifteen (15) days from receipt of such written reoffer to notify, in writing, the ROFO Initiating Member that the ROFO Recipient Member agrees to purchase the ROFO Offered Interest at such lower price and the time periods set forth below in this Section 8.5(d) shall continue to be based on the initial ROFO Response Period. The ROFO Initiating Member shall have one hundred (180) days from the end of the ROFO Response Period to consummate a Transfer of the ROFO

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Offered Interest to a third party purchaser in accordance with the terms of this Section 8.5 (the “ ROFO Sale Period ”), and no Transfer may occur pursuant to this Section 8.5 after the ROFO Sale Period unless another ROFO Notice is given and the process set forth in this Section 8.5 is recommenced. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Section 8.5 , without the prior written consent of all Members, (i) the buyer of the ROFO Offered Interest pursuant to this Section 8.5(d) must be a Qualified Transferee, and (ii) the Transfer pursuant to this Section 8.5(d) must comply with the provisions of Section 8.1(c) .
(h)      Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement (but subject to Section 8.6(b) and Section 8.6(e) ), if a Member delivers a ROFO Notice but the ROFO Offered Interest is not sold pursuant to the process commenced by delivery of such ROFO Notice, such Member may not deliver another ROFO Notice for six (6) months after the completion of such process.
(i)      To the extent a ROFO Recipient Member elects to purchase the applicable Equity Interests pursuant to Section 8.1(d)(y), the applicable offered Equity Interests shall be the subject of such purchase (e.g., if an owner of an Affiliated REIT desires to Transfer REIT shares, a ROFO Recipient Member electing to purchase the applicable Equity Interests shall be obligated to purchase such REIT shares hereunder).

8.6      General Provisions and Exceptions Applicable to Transfers .
(a)      The closing of the purchase by any Member or Members (each a “ Purchasing Member ”) of the Interest or Interests of another Member or Members (the “ Selling Member ”) pursuant to Section 8.5 shall be held at the principal place of business of the Company on a mutually acceptable date (the “ Closing Date ”) not later than seventy-five (75) days after the date the ROFO Electing Notice is given. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a Termination Trigger on or before the Closing Date, a Purchasing Member may select, by written notice to the Selling Member no later than fifteen (15) Business Days after the Purchasing Member first has actual knowledge of the occurrence of such Termination Trigger, not to proceed with the closing of the applicable purchase, in which event the earnest money deposit shall be returned to the Purchasing Member. The purchase price to be paid by the Purchasing Member for the Interest or Interests to be purchased pursuant to Section 8.5 (the “ Subject Interest ”) shall be paid by wire transfer of immediately available funds at the closing of such transaction. Additionally, at the closing of such transaction, each Member shall execute and deliver any and all deeds, assignments, agreements and other contracts as may be reasonably necessary to consummate any such transaction, including a representation and warranty by the Selling Member that the Subject Interest is free and clear of all liens, claims and encumbrances. Any transfer or similar taxes and other expenses related to the sale of the Subject Interest shall be an expense of the Purchasing Member unless provided otherwise in an applicable ROFO Notice. So long as any then existing Loan shall remain outstanding, the closing of any such transaction shall also be conditioned upon (x) either (1) such transaction being a permitted transfer under such Loan, or (2) receipt of any required consent (either from the Lender or otherwise), and (y) in the event a GGP Member is the Selling Member, the release of the GGP Members and their Affiliates for matters arising under any Existing Guaranty after the date of such transfer (or,

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if such release is unavailable, an indemnity in substance and scope reasonably acceptable to GGP of such matters from the other Members). In the event that, as of the scheduled Closing Date, the Company has not obtained the Lender’s consent and such release (or indemnity) of the Existing Guaranty, if required, despite the Managing Member’s use of commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such Lender’s consents and releases (which the Managing Member hereby covenants to provide), then, at the Selling Member’s or Purchasing Member’s election, the closing may be extended for up to an additional ninety (90) days to obtain such consent and release. If, after such extension, the parties have not been able to obtain the Lender’s consent and release, if required, then the Purchasing Member’s obligation to purchase, and the Selling Member’s obligation to sell, shall terminate and the deposit shall be returned to the Purchasing Member. Upon the closing and unless the Selling Member and Purchasing Member otherwise agree, the Property Management Agreement, if any, between the Selling Member and its Affiliates, on the one hand, and the Company or any Subsidiary, on the other hand, shall terminate and all amounts then accrued and due thereunder prior to such termination shall be paid in full.
(b)      If a Purchasing Member should default in its obligation to purchase the Subject Interest under Section 8.5 , the Selling Member shall receive the earnest money deposit previously deposited with the escrow agent. The earnest money deposit shall be the full liquidated damages for such default of the Purchasing Member, the Members hereby acknowledging and agreeing that it is impossible to more precisely estimate the damages to be suffered by the Selling Member upon such default and the Members acknowledge and agree that forfeiture of the earnest money deposit is not intended as a penalty. In the event the Purchasing Member fails to make its earnest money deposit as required in Section 8.5 , then the Selling Member shall have the right to recover an award or judgment against the Purchasing Member in the amount of such required earnest money deposit, together with its reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in obtaining such award or judgment. In addition, if the Purchasing Member should default in its obligation to purchase the Subject Interest pursuant to Section 8.5 , the Selling Member may thereafter sell the ROFO Offered Interest for such purchase price and upon such terms (whether the same or different than those contained in the ROFO Notice) as it deems appropriate without complying with the terms of Section 8.1(a) or Section 8.5 except that any such Transfer must comply with the last sentence of Section 8.5(d) .
(c)      If the Selling Member should default in its obligations to sell the Subject Interest pursuant to Section 8.5 , then the Purchasing Member may exercise one of the following alternative remedies with respect to the Selling Member within thirty (30) days after the Selling Member’s default, as the Purchasing Member’s sole and exclusive remedy for such default:
(i)      A Purchasing Member shall be entitled to demand and receive (A) reimbursement from the Selling Member of the actual out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by such Purchasing Member in connection with its preparing to purchase the Subject Interest (including attorneys’ fees and costs) and (B) a return of its earnest money deposit previously deposited with an escrow agent, in which event after return of such deposit, the Selling Member’s default hereunder shall be deemed waived; or

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(ii)      A Purchasing Member shall be entitled to commence an action seeking specific performance of the Selling Member’s obligations under Section 8.5 , the Members expressly agreeing that the remedy at law for breach of the obligations of the Selling Member set forth in Section 8.5 is inadequate in view of (A) the complexities and uncertainties in measuring the actual damage to be sustained by the Purchasing Member on account of the default of the Selling Member; and (B) the uniqueness of the Company business and the Members’ relationships. If the Purchasing Member succeeds in its claim for specific performance, it shall be entitled to also recover from the Selling Member its attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in obtaining such award or judgment.
(d)      From the date of the ROFO Notice until the Closing Date, or, if earlier, the termination of the process pursuant to Section 8.5 , the Company and the Subsidiaries shall continue to be operated in the ordinary course, as if the closing were not going to occur, the Members shall continue to have all power and authority granted in this Agreement (including the power and obligation to make distributions), and the Members shall exercise their power and authority in good faith and without regard to the fact that such closing may occur; provided, that neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall enter into any contracts or agreements, or otherwise agree, to sell or otherwise dispose of the Property, except that the Company and each of its Subsidiaries shall be authorized to consummate any transactions that were the subject of binding contractual obligations entered into prior to the commencement of such period provided that the Members had knowledge of such transactions and their terms prior to making their respective offers and elections hereunder.
(e)      Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, in the event that the Selling Member or Purchasing Member defaults in its obligation to sell or purchase as set forth in this Section 8.6 , such defaulting Person or Persons may not exercise any rights to deliver a ROFO Notice for a period of six (6) months from the date of such default.
(f)      The Managing Member shall, and shall cause its Affiliates (including the Property Manager) to provide or make available to each Member, at such Member’s sole cost and expense, such documents as such Member requests in connection with any decisions and negotiations under Section 8.5 .
(g)      If a Selling Member owes any Payment Default Loans, such Payment Default Loans shall be repaid, together with all unpaid accrued interest thereon, in full at closing. If a Selling Member is owed any Payment Default Loans, the purchaser of such Selling Member’s Interest, whether such purchaser is another Member or a third-party, shall pay to the Selling Member the outstanding principal amount of such Payment Default Loans and accrued and unpaid interest thereon and succeed to the rights of such Selling Member with respect to such Payment Default Loans.
(h)      A Purchasing Member shall have the right to designate another Person to acquire any Subject Interest and to assign its rights to acquire such Subject Interest to such designee, it being understood and agreed that any such assignment shall not relieve the Purchasing Member of any of its obligations arising hereunder with respect to such purchase and sale.

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(i)      Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the GGP Members shall be permitted to Transfer any amount of Interest in the Company (but in any event subject to Section 8.5 above) so long as the GGP Members maintain no less than an aggregate 50.01% Percentage Interest in the Company.

8.7      Withholding Taxes .
(a)      If the Company is obligated to pay any amount to a governmental agency or body because of a Member’s tax status (including non-U.S. taxes, U.S. federal withholding taxes with respect to non‑U.S. members, U.S. state withholding taxes and U.S. state unincorporated business taxes), and such amount is not satisfied out of distributions otherwise payable to such Member, then such Member (the “ Reimbursing Member ”) shall reimburse the Company in full for the entire amount paid (including any interest, penalties and expenses associated with such payment). The amount to be reimbursed shall be treated as a non-interest bearing loan payable by such Member to the Company. Such payment shall occur promptly (within ten (10) Business Days) upon notification of an obligation to reimburse the Company in this regard.
(b)      Except as reimbursed by a Member pursuant to Section 8.7(a) , (i) any amount of taxes paid by the Company, (ii) any taxes withheld by the Company and (iii) any withholding or similar taxes imposed on amounts payable to the Company shall in each case be treated for purposes of this Agreement as an amount actually distributed to the Members pursuant to Article 4 at the time paid or withheld (and the amount of any such tax shall be deemed to have been distributed to such Members). An amount shall be considered paid or withheld by the Company if, and at the time, remitted to a governmental agency without regard to whether the remittance occurs at the same time as the distribution or allocation to which it relates; provided, that an amount actually withheld from a specific distribution or designated by the Managing Member as withheld with respect to a specific allocation shall be treated as if it were distributed at the time such distribution or allocation occurs.
(c)      A Reimbursing Member’s obligation to make reimbursements to the Company under this Section 8.7 shall survive the dissolution, liquidation, winding up and termination of the Company, and for purposes of this Section 8.7 , the Company shall be treated as continuing in existence. The Company or the Managing Member may pursue and enforce all rights and remedies it may have against each Member under this Section 8.7 , including instituting a lawsuit to collect such contribution with interest calculated at an annual compounded rate equal to the Base Rate plus six percentage (6%) points per annum (but not in excess of the highest rate per annum permitted by applicable law).
ARTICLE 9     
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE MEMBERS
As a material inducement to the other Members’ execution and delivery of this Agreement, each Member represents, warrants, covenants and agrees to and with each other Member and the Company as follows:

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9.1      Authorization . Such Member is duly organized, formed or incorporated, as the case may be, and such Member is authorized, empowered and qualified to execute this Agreement, to invest in the Company and to make Capital Contributions as contemplated by this Agreement. The individual signing this Agreement and all agreements contemplated hereby and thereby on such Member’s behalf has been duly authorized to do so.
9.2      Binding Obligation . This Agreement is a valid and binding agreement, enforceable against such Member in accordance with its terms.
9.3      No Conflict . The execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Member, the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and the performance of such Member’s obligations under this Agreement will not conflict with, or result in any violation of or default under, any provision of any governing instrument applicable to such Member, or any agreement or other instrument to which such Member is a party or by which such Member or any of its properties are bound, or any United States or non-United States permit, franchise, judgment, decree, statute, law, order, rule or regulation applicable to such Member or such Member’s business or properties.
9.4      Access to Information . Such Member has performed its own independent investigations and obtained such information as it deemed necessary in order to evaluate the merits and risks of an investment in the Company. Such Member has consulted to the extent deemed appropriate by such Member with such Member’s own advisers as to the financial, tax, legal, accounting, regulatory and related matters concerning an investment in the Company and on that basis understands the financial, tax, legal, accounting, regulatory and related consequences of an investment in the Company, and believes that an investment in the Company is suitable and appropriate for such Member.
9.5      No Registration of Interests . Such Member understands that the interests in the Company have not been, and will not be, registered under the Securities Act or any state or non-United States securities laws. Such Member is acquiring its Interest solely for the account of such Member, for investment purposes only and not with a view to the distribution thereof. Such Member (i) is a sophisticated investor with the knowledge and experience in business and financial matters to enable such Member to evaluate the merits and risks of an investment in the Company, (ii) is able to bear the economic risk and lack of liquidity of an investment in the Company and (iii) is able to bear the risk of loss of its entire investment in the Company.
9.6      Regulation D under the Securities Act . Such Member is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.
9.7      Intentionally Omitted .
9.8      Intentionally Omitted .
9.9      Intentionally Omitted .

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9.10      No Public Solicitation . Such Member confirms that it is not subscribing for any interest in the Company as a result of any form of general solicitation or general advertising (within the meaning of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act).
9.11      Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Boycott Matters . Such Member acknowledges that the Company seeks to comply with all applicable anti-money laundering and anti-boycott laws and regulations. No part of the funds used by such Member to acquire its Interest has been, or shall be, directly or indirectly, derived from any activity that may contravene United States federal laws or regulations, including anti-money laundering laws and regulations, no capital commitment, contribution or payment to the Company by such Member and no distribution to such Member shall cause the Company or the Managing Member to be in violation of any applicable anti-money laundering laws or regulations, including the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 and the United States Department of the Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control (“ OFAC ”) regulations, and all Capital Contributions or payments to the Company by such Member shall be made through an account located in a jurisdiction that does not appear on the list of boycotting countries published by the United States Department of Treasury pursuant to Code Section 999(a)(3), as in effect at the time of such contribution or payment. Such Member acknowledges and agrees that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, to the extent required by anti-money laundering laws or regulations or by OFAC, the Company and the Managing Member may prohibit additional Capital Contributions, restrict distributions or take any other reasonably necessary or advisable action with respect to the interests in the Company, and such Member shall have no claim, and shall not pursue any claim, against the Company, the Managing Member or any other Person in connection therewith.
9.12      No Plan Assets . Such Member does not hold Plan Assets and shall not fund any Capital Contribution with Plan Assets. Without limitation of the foregoing, such Member is not a “foreign person” within the meaning of Section 1445 of the Code; such party is not an “employee benefit plan”, as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA, or a “plan”, as defined in Section 4975(e) of the Code, and the assets of such party have not been deemed “plan assets” or one or more such plans for purposes of Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code; such party is not a “governmental plan” within the meaning of Section 3(32) of ERISA, and no transaction by or with such party is subject to or in violation of any state statutes applicable to regulation of investments of and fiduciary obligations with respect to governmental plans.
ARTICLE 10     
DURATION AND DISSOLUTION
10.1      Duration .
(d)      The Company shall be dissolved upon the earliest to occur of any of the following events:
(iii)      the unanimous written agreement of all of the Members;

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(iv)      the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company; or
(v)      dissolution required under the Act.
(e)      Except as set forth in Section 10.1(a) , dissolution of the Company shall be effective as of the day on which the event occurs giving rise to the dissolution, but the Company shall not terminate until there has been a winding up of the Company’s business and affairs and the assets of the Company have been distributed as provided in Section 10.2 .
10.2      Liquidation of the Company .
(h)      Upon dissolution, the Company and any then remaining Subsidiaries shall be liquidated in an orderly manner in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, the Act, and any other applicable law. The Managing Member shall be the liquidator to wind up the affairs of the Company and its Subsidiaries pursuant to this Agreement or, if the Managing Member is not able to act as the liquidator, a liquidator shall be appointed by, and with approval of, all other Members.
(i)      Following dissolution of the Company (whether pursuant to Section 10.1 or otherwise) and upon liquidation and winding up of the Company and any then remaining Subsidiaries, the Managing Member or other liquidator appointed pursuant to Section 10.2(a) shall make a final allocation of all items of income, gain, loss and expense in accordance with Article 3 and Section 11.5 , and the Company’s liabilities and obligations to its creditors shall, to the extent required by law, be paid or adequately provided for prior to any distributions to the Members. After payment or provision for payment of all liabilities and obligations of the Company, the remaining assets, if any, shall be distributed among the Members pursuant to Article 4 .
(j)      Following completion of the winding up of Company affairs as contemplated by this Article 10 , the Company shall terminate upon the filing of a Certificate of Cancellation of the Certificate in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Act.
ARTICLE 11     
BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS; MEETINGS; CERTAIN TAX MATTERS
11.1      Books . The Company shall maintain complete and accurate books of account of the Company’s affairs at the Managing Member’s principal office, which books shall be open to inspection and copying by any Member (or its authorized representative), at such Member’s expense, for any purpose reasonably related to such Member’s interest in the Company at any time during ordinary business hours upon at least three (3) Business Days’ prior notice to Managing Member, subject in each case to any portion of the books which may otherwise be kept confidential with respect to any Member to the extent expressly provided in this Agreement. With respect to the minutes of meetings, the consents without meeting, the Certificate, the applications to conduct business filed with the authorities in those jurisdictions in which the Company is qualified to conduct its business, all licenses and other similar instruments or documents issued to the Company by such jurisdictions reflecting such qualifications (collectively, the “ Corporate Documentation ”), the

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Managing Member shall create and complete, or cause the creation and completion, of the Corporate Documentation in a timely manner and deliver copies of the completed Corporate Documentation promptly to AS Owner, care of Jack McGougan and Matthew Fidge, and to TIAA Owner, care of John Ragland. Promptly following written request from AS Owner or TIAA Owner and subject to the last paragraph of Section 11.3 , the Company shall electronically deliver to AS Owner or TIAA Owner (as applicable) copies of any of the Company’s books, accounts and records. The Managing Member shall cause the Company to comply with the record retention policy as set forth in the Property Management Agreement.
11.2      Fiscal Year . The Fiscal Year of the Company shall be the calendar year.
11.3      Audit and Reports . The non-tax books and records of the Company and the Subsidiaries shall be reported on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. The Managing Member shall furnish to each other Member (for the benefit of such Member and such Member’s direct and indirect constituent members, partners, shareholders and trustees):
(j)      the reports and information described on Exhibit I attached hereto, within the time periods set forth thereon;
(k)      within sixty (60) days after the end of each Fiscal Year, such Member’s estimated Schedule K‑1 information for such Fiscal Year and within ninety (90) days after the end of each Fiscal Year, such Member’s Schedule K‑1 for such Fiscal Year; and
(l)      as soon as completed, copies of the U.S. federal and applicable state income tax returns of the Company for approval by the other Members, and information regarding reportable transactions, and any IRS Form 8886 (Reportable Transaction Disclosure Statement) filed by the Company, for each taxable year in which the Company participates in a “reportable transaction”. Once approved by the other Members, the Managing Member shall cause the Company to file all applicable returns. The Members (other than the Managing Member) shall approve or disapprove the income tax returns within thirty (30) days after delivery thereof (and a failure to respond within such time shall be subject to a Deemed Approval Notice). The Members shall cooperate in good faith to resolve any disputes relating to the propriety of such income tax returns such that all returns shall be filed in a timely manner. If the Members shall be unable to resolve any such dispute, a Member may elect, by written notice to the other Members, to submit such dispute for resolution by a nationally recognized independent accounting firm acceptable to the Members in the exercise of their reasonable judgment; provided, however, that the accounting firm resolving such dispute shall not be the principal accounting firm of the Member that shall elect to submit such dispute for resolution. The decision of such accounting firm with respect to a dispute shall be binding upon the Members.
Certain financial reports and schedules described in this Section 11.3 may be dependent upon information to be provided to the Managing Member from third parties that are not Affiliates of the Managing Member. Therefore, notwithstanding the foregoing time periods, to the extent the Managing Member derives such information from any such third party, the Managing Member may furnish such reports and schedules to the other Members after the expiration of such time periods,

50



but as soon as reasonably practicable, following receipt of all financial and other information necessary or desirable to prepare such documents.
The Managing Member shall furnish such financial reports, statements, schedules, narrative summaries and other information described in this Section 11.3 to the Members in such a manner as is specified on Exhibit I or as the Members may agree.
Each Member shall, at such Member’s sole cost and expense, have the right to audit the operations, books and records of the Company and its Subsidiaries and the Managing Member shall, and shall cause its Affiliates to, at such Member’s sole cost and expense, cooperate with such Member and its auditors in connection with such audit. The Managing Member, at the cost and expense of the Company, shall provide annual audited financial statements for the Property including, as supplementary schedules, a consolidated balance sheet, cash flow statement and income statement for the Property and a statement of the Capital Account of each Member. If requested, such annual financial statements shall be audited by an Auditor and prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied.
The Managing Member also shall deliver to each Member, as an expense of the Company and in a timely manner, any other information reasonably necessary for such Member to prepare its tax returns or to obtain appraisals of the Property, and the Managing Member shall, and shall cause its Affiliates to, at the Company’s cost and expense, cooperate with such Member and its accountants and appraisers in connection therewith. In addition, upon request of AS Owner or TIAA Owner from time to time and as a Company expense, the Managing Member shall obtain an appraisal of the Property in accordance with requirements reasonably determined by the Member requesting the appraisal (but the Managing Member shall not be required to obtain any such appraisal more than once a year). Without limiting the foregoing, the Managing Member acknowledges that AS Owner or TIAA Owner may, at its own cost and expense, engage an appraiser to conduct appraisals of the Property on a quarterly basis. The Managing Member will assist in providing available information that may be reasonably required by such appraiser, including, without limitation, operating statements, rent rolls, itemized capital expenditures and budgets (to the extent changed from the prior quarter). If so requested, the Managing Member will use commercially reasonable efforts to provide any of the foregoing or other reasonably requested items to the appraiser within ten (10) Business Days after the end of each calendar quarter.
The Managing Member shall deliver to AS Owner and TIAA Owner background information in connection with any item that constitutes a Major Decision under Section 6.2 hereof.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, whenever a Member has the right in this Agreement to require that additional information or reports be delivered to it, that the Managing Member deliver information in a particular manner or that the Managing Member cooperate with it, the Managing Member shall have no obligation to create documents in formats that have not previously been provided to the Members (or generate reports that are not readily available using the Managing Member’s accounting software or deliver information using a means that is not then available to it using its existing hardware, software and systems), such obligation shall apply only to existing documents that are in the Managing Member’s possession and updated reports based on existing models and, in any event, the Managing Member shall not be required to

51



incur material cost or expend any material amount of time in connection therewith unless the other Member pays the costs (including internal costs) incurred by Managing Member to do the same.
11.4      Meetings . From time to time, but not less often than quarterly, the Managing Member shall hold general informational meetings for the Members, to provide Members with the opportunity to review and discuss with the Managing Member the Company’s investment activities and performance. Special meetings of the Members may be called by any Member (including the Managing Member) by delivering at least five (5) Business Days’ prior notice thereof to the other Members to discuss such matters regarding Company business as such Members may decide. Meetings shall be held at the principal office of the Company unless all Members agree. A Member may attend any meeting, telephonically or through the use of other communications equipment by means of which all Persons participating in the meeting can communicate with each other. Nothing contained in this Section 11.4 gives a Member any additional approval or other rights (other than the right to call a meeting).
11.5      Tax Allocations .
(a)      Except as otherwise provided in this Section 11.5 , all income, gains, losses and deductions of the Company shall be allocated, for U.S. federal, state and local income tax purposes, among the Members in accordance with the allocation of such income, gains, losses and deductions among the Members for computing their Capital Accounts, except that if any such allocation for tax purposes is not permitted by the Code or other applicable law, the Company’s subsequent income, gains, losses and deductions shall be allocated among the Members for tax purposes so as to reflect as nearly as possible the allocation set forth herein in computing their Capital Accounts.
(b)      Items of Company taxable income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to any property contributed to the Company by a Member shall be allocated among the Members using the traditional method so as to take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such property to the Company for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its initial Gross Asset Value. If the Gross Asset Value of any Company asset is adjusted pursuant to paragraphs (b) or (d) of the definition of Gross Asset Value, subsequent allocations of items of income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such property shall take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such asset for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its Gross Asset Value in the same manner as under Code Section 704(c), as determined by the Managing Member subject to the written consent of AS Owner and TIAA Owner, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
(c)      If any Member is treated for income tax purposes as realizing ordinary income because of receipt of its Company interest (whether under Code Section 83 or any similar provisions of any law, rule or regulation or any other applicable law, rule, regulation or doctrine) and the Company is entitled to any offsetting deduction, the Company’s deduction shall be allocated among the Members in such manner as to, as nearly as possible, offset such ordinary income realized by such Member.
(d)      Except as otherwise provided in U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-2(f), notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.4 or any other provision of this Section 11.5 , if there

52



is a net decrease in Company Minimum Gain during any Fiscal Year, each Member shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to such Member’s share of the net decrease in Company Minimum Gain as determined under U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-2(g). Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Member pursuant thereto. The items to be allocated shall be determined in accordance with U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §§1.704-2(f)(6) and 1.704-2(j)(2). This Section 11.5(d) is intended to qualify as a “minimum gain chargeback” within the meaning of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-2(f), which shall be controlling in the event of a conflict between such Treasury Reg. and this Section 11.5(d) .
(e)      Except as otherwise provided in U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-2(i)(4), and notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.4 or any other provision of this Section 11.5 (except Section 11.5(d) ), if there is a net decrease in Member Minimum Gain attributable to a Member Nonrecourse Liability during any Fiscal Year, each Member who has a share of the Member Minimum Gain attributable to such Member Nonrecourse Liability, determined in accordance with U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-2(i)(5), shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to such Member’s share of the net decrease in Member Minimum Gain attributable to such Member Nonrecourse Liability as determined in accordance with U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-2(i)(4). Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Member pursuant thereto. The items to be allocated shall be determined in accordance with U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §§1.704-2(i)(4) and 1.704-2(j)(2). This Section 11.5(e) is intended to qualify as a “chargeback of partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain” within the meaning of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-2(i), which shall be controlling in the event of a conflict between such Treasury Reg. and this Section 11.5(e) .
(f)      Any Nonrecourse Deductions for any Fiscal Year shall be specially allocated to the Members in accordance with their respective Percentage Interests. Any Member Nonrecourse Deductions for any Fiscal Year shall be specially allocated to the Member(s) who bear(s) the economic risk of loss with respect to the Member Nonrecourse Liability to which such Member Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-2(i).
(g)      Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if a Member unexpectedly receives an adjustment, allocation or distribution described in U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704‑1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) or (6) that gives rise to a negative Capital Account (or that would give rise to a negative Capital Account when added to expected adjustments, allocations or distributions of the same type) that exceeds the amount such Member is required to restore, or is deemed obligated to restore under the penultimate sentences of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §§ 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5), such Member shall be allocated items of income and gain in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate such deficit balance as quickly as possible; provided, that the Company’s subsequent income, gains, losses and deductions shall be allocated among the Members so as to achieve as nearly as possible the results that would have been achieved if this

53



Section 11.5(g) had not been in this Agreement, except that no such allocation shall be made that would violate the provisions or purposes of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704‑1(b).
(h)      In the event any Member has a deficit Capital Account at the end of any Fiscal Year that is in excess of the sum of (i) the amount (if any) such Member is obligated to restore to the Company and (ii) the amount such Member is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(c) or the penultimate sentences of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §§1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5), each such Member shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain in the amount of such excess as quickly as possible; provided, that an allocation pursuant to this Section 11.5(h) shall be made if and only to the extent that such Member would have a deficit Capital Account in excess of such sum after all other allocations provided in this Agreement have been tentatively made as if this Section 11.5(h) and Section 11.5(g) were not in this Agreement.
(i)      The allocations set forth in Sections 11.5(d) through 11.5(h) are intended to comply with certain regulatory requirements, including the requirements of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2, and shall be interpreted and applied consistently therewith.
(j)      For purposes of determining a Member’s share of the “excess nonrecourse liabilities” of the Company within the meaning of U.S. Department of Treasury Reg. §1.752-3(a)(3), each Member’s interest in Company profits shall be such Member’s Percentage Interest.
11.6      Tax Matters Partner .
(a)      The Managing Member is designated the “Tax Matters Partner” (as defined in Code Section 6231).
(b)      The Managing Member, in its capacity as “tax matters partner” of the Company, and the other Members agree that each such other Member will be a “notice partner” (as defined in Code Section 6231(a)(8)) with respect to the Company. The Managing Member, in its capacity as “tax matters partner” of the Company (or similar capacity under applicable state or local tax law), shall not bind any other Member to a settlement agreement for federal, state or local tax purposes without such Member’s prior written consent. The Managing Member shall promptly provide each other Member with notice of, and with any information such other Member reasonably requests regarding, any income tax audit or other material tax audit or proceeding with respect to the Company or any entity in which the Company owns a direct or indirect interest.
(c)      Notwithstanding anything set forth in this Agreement, the Managing Member shall cause the Company to make the following elections:
(i)      to adopt the calendar year as the Company’s fiscal year (unless otherwise required by codes or regulations);
(ii)      to adopt the accrual method of accounting and to keep the Company’s books and records in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (other than Capital Accounts, which shall be maintained in accordance with Section 3.4 hereof);

54



(iii)      if there is a distribution of Company property as described in Section 734 of the Code or if there is a transfer of a Company interest as described in Section 743 of the Code, upon written request of any Member, to elect, pursuant to Section 754 of the Code, to adjust the basis of Company properties; and
(iv)      to elect to amortize the organizational expenses of the Company as permitted by Section 709(b) of the Code.
No election shall be made by the Company or any Member to (x) exclude the Company from the application of the provisions of subchapter K of chapter 1 of subtitle A of the Code or any similar provisions of applicable state laws, or (y) treat the Company as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes pursuant to Regulations Section 301.7701-3(c).
ARTICLE 12     
MISCELLANEOUS
12.1      Amendments . This Agreement may be amended, modified or waived only by the written consent of all of the Members.
12.2      Successors . Subject to the provisions of Article 8 , this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Members and their legal representatives, heirs, successors and assigns.
12.3      Governing Law; Severability . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflicts of law rules thereof. If it is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that any provision of this Agreement is invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective only in such jurisdiction and only to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of this Agreement.
12.4      Notices . All notices, demands and other communications to be given and delivered under or by reason of provisions under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given on the date when personally delivered, three (3) Business Days after being mailed by first class mail (postage prepaid and return receipt requested) (or five (5) Business Day if sent internationally), when transmitted by email (in the case of email, if sent before 5:00 p.m. Central Time on a Business Day (and otherwise on the next Business Day) and provided that a copy is contemporaneously sent by another method of delivery), or on the first (1 st ) Business Day after being sent by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid) (or the third (3 rd ) Business Day if sent internationally), in each case to the recipient at the address or email address set forth in Schedule I or to such other address or email address or to the attention of such other Person as has been indicated to the Managing Member in accordance with the provisions of this Section 12.4 .
12.5      Entire Agreement . This Agreement contains the entire agreement among the respective parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior arrangements or understandings with respect thereto, provided, however, that nothing herein shall serve to modify or impair the rights of any party under the Purchase Agreements.

55



12.6      Counterparts; Facsimile and Other Electronic Transmission . This Agreement, the agreements referred to herein, and each other agreement or instrument entered into in connection herewith or therewith or contemplated hereby or thereby, and any amendments hereto or thereto may be executed in any number of counterparts, any one of which need not contain the signatures of more than one party, but all of such counterparts together shall constitute one agreement, and to the extent such agreement or instrument is signed and delivered by means of a facsimile machine or other electronic transmission, will be treated in all manner and respects as an original agreement or instrument and will be considered to have the same binding legal effect as if it were the original signed version thereof delivered in person. At the request of any party hereto or to any such agreement or instrument, each party hereto or thereto will re-execute original forms thereof and deliver them to the requesting party. No party hereto or to any such agreement or instrument will raise the use of a facsimile machine or other electronic transmission to deliver a signature or the fact that any signature or agreement or instrument was transmitted or communicated through the use of a facsimile machine or other electronic transmission as a defense to the formation or enforceability of a contract and each such party forever waives any such defense.
12.7      Headings . Descriptive headings are for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any provision of this Agreement.
12.8      Other Matters of Construction . Unless the context otherwise requires: (a) a term has the meaning assigned to it; (b) “or” is not exclusive; (c) words in the singular include the plural, and words in the plural include the singular; (d) provisions apply to successive events and transactions; (e) the words “herein,” “hereof” and other words of similar import refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; (f) all references herein to Articles, Sections, Exhibits, paragraphs, subparagraphs and clauses shall be deemed to be references to Articles, Sections, paragraphs, subparagraphs and clauses of, and Exhibits to, this Agreement unless the context shall otherwise require; (g) any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms; (h) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation”; (i) the word “extent” in the phrase “to the extent” shall mean the degree to which a subject or other thing extends, and such phrase shall not mean simply “if”; (j) references to “$” or “dollars” shall mean United States dollars; (k) unless otherwise expressly provided herein, any agreement, instrument or statute defined or referred to herein or in any agreement, instrument or statute that is referred to herein means such agreement, instrument or statute, together with all attachments thereto and documents incorporated therein, as the same are from time to time amended, modified or supplemented (including (i) in the case of agreements or instruments, by waiver or consent and (ii) in the case of statutes, by succession of comparable successor statutes); (l) all references to any Member shall mean and include such Member and any Person duly admitted as a member in the Company in substitution therefor in accordance with this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires and (m) in the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed to be the product of meaningful individualized negotiations between the Members and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any Member by virtue of the authorship of any of the provisions of this Agreement.

56



12.9      Further Assurances . Each Member hereby covenants and agrees on behalf of itself and its successors and assigns, without further consideration, to prepare, execute, acknowledge, file, record, publish and deliver such other information, instruments, documents, tax forms and statements reasonably requested by the Managing Member.
12.10      Third Party Beneficiaries . Except for the Persons entitled to indemnification under Section 6.6 (who are third party beneficiaries with respect to Section 6.6 ):
(a)      no Person (including creditors of the Company) that is not a party hereto shall have any rights or obligations pursuant to this Agreement;
(b)      the provisions of this Agreement are intended to benefit the Members and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall not be construed as conferring any benefit upon any creditor of the Company or other Person; and
(c)      in no event shall any provision of this Agreement be enforceable for the benefit of any Person other than the Members and their respective successors and assigns.
To the fullest extent permitted by law, no Member (including the Managing Member) shall have any duty or obligation to any creditor of the Company to make any contribution to the Company or issue any Capital Call or recall any distribution (but, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, a Person entitled to indemnification under Section 6.6(c) shall have a direct right to issue a Capital Call under Section 3.2(a)(ii) and to enforce the obligations of the Members to make the applicable Capital Contributions).
12.11      Name Rights; Etc.
(a)      Each of the Company and the Members (other than the GGP Members) acknowledges that it has no ownership interest in the name “GGP” or “General Growth Properties,” and neither the Company nor any Members shall use the name “GGP” or “General Growth Properties” in connection with the Property or otherwise unless the GGP Members consent in writing thereto (which consent may be revoked at any time). The Members acknowledge that, so long as a GGP Member is the Managing Member, the Managing Member may, but shall not be obligated to, use such one or more of such names in connection with the operation of the Property.
(b)      Each of the Company and the Members (other than AS Owner) acknowledges that it has no ownership interest in the name “AustralianSuper” or any derivation thereof, and neither the Company nor any Members shall use such name in connection with the Property or otherwise (including in response to any media inquiry) unless AS Owner consents in writing thereto (which consent may be revoked at any time). Each of the Company and the Members (other than TIAA Owner) acknowledges that it has no ownership interest in the name “TIAA”, “Teachers” or any derivation of either of the foregoing, and neither the Company nor any Members shall use such name in connection with the Property or otherwise (including in response to any media inquiry) unless TIAA Owner consents in writing thereto (which consent may be revoked at any time).

57



(c)      The Managing Member shall provide to the other Members prior notice of any response (other than “no comment”) by the Managing Member to a media inquiry regarding the Property or the Company. Each other Member shall refer all media inquiries to the Managing Member, but the Managing Member will reasonably cooperate with such other Member in a response.
12.12      Waiver of Jury Trial . EACH MEMBER, FOR ITSELF AND ON BEHALF OF ITS AFFILIATES, HEREBY WAIVES ITS RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, LAWSUIT OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO ANY DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION DESCRIBED IN THIS AGREEMENT OR DISPUTE BETWEEN THE PARTIES (INCLUDING DISPUTES WHICH ALSO INVOLVE OTHER PERSONS).
12.13      Exclusive Jurisdiction . Each party hereto hereby irrevocably (a) submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of any Delaware state or federal court, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the relations between the Members and any matter, action or transaction described in this Agreement, whether in contract, tort or otherwise, (b) agrees that such courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction over such actions or proceedings, (c) waives the defense that any such court is an inconvenient forum to the maintenance and continuation of such action or proceeding, (d) consents to the service of any and all process in any such action or proceeding by the mailing of copies (certified mail, return receipt requested and postage prepaid) of such process to them pursuant to Section 12.4 and (e) agrees that a final and non-appealable judgment rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. In the event that an action or proceeding is initiated in one of the courts referenced above and is pending, the parties hereto agree, for the convenience of the parties and subject to any limitations on subject matter jurisdiction of the court, to initiate any counterclaims or related actions in the same proceeding (as opposed to a separate proceeding in any of the other courts specified above).
12.14      Time of Essence . Except as provided herein and unless otherwise agreed by all Members, time is of the essence of this Agreement and all covenants and deadlines hereunder.
12.15      Cumulative Remedies . Except to the extent expressly stated in this Agreement, (a) no remedy conferred upon the Company or any Member pursuant to this Agreement is intended to be exclusive of any other remedy available under this Agreement or applicable law and (b) each remedy shall be cumulative and shall be in addition to every other remedy available under this Agreement or applicable law now or in the future.
12.16      Estoppels . After request by a Member, each of the other Members shall within ten (10) Business Days furnish the requesting Member with a statement, duly acknowledged and certified, setting forth (i) a copy of this Agreement and the governing documents of the Subsidiaries (collectively, the “ Governing Documents ”), and (ii) a statement, to its knowledge, with respect to whether the Governing Documents have been modified or if modified, giving particulars of such modification.

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12.17      Designated Representatives . For all purposes of this Agreement, each Member shall be entitled, without inquiry, to treat any approval given or other act taken by the Designated Representative of the other Member as binding such other Member.
12.18      Advisor for AS Owner . At any time, and from time to time, AS Owner has the right to authorize an advisor to act on AS Owner’s behalf hereunder. AS Owner may select, remove or change such authorized advisor from time to time upon giving written notice of such selection, removal or change to the Managing Member.
12.19      Advisor for TIAA Owner . At any time, and from time to time, TIAA Owner has the right to authorize an advisor to act on TIAA Owner’s behalf hereunder. TIAA Owner may select, remove or change such authorized advisor from time to time upon giving written notice of such selection, removal or change to the Managing Member.


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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been executed and delivered by the Members effective as of the Effective Date.
 
MANAGING MEMBER :
 
GGPLPLLC 2010 Loan Pledgor Holding, LLC , a Delaware limited liability company
By: /s/ Marvin J Levine
Name: Marvin J Levine
Title: Chief Legal Officer

 
                    
[Signatures Continue on Next Page]


( Signature Page to Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Ala Moana Holding, LLC )

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OTHER MEMBERS:

GGPLP Prime, LLC , a Delaware limited liability company

By: /s/ Marvin J Levine
Name: Marvin J Levine
Title: Chief Legal Officer


[Signatures Continue on Next Page]


( Signature Page to Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Ala Moana Holding, LLC )

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AS Property Pearl REIT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (as custodied by JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. (Sydney branch) acting through its nominee J.P. Morgan Nominees Australia Limited)

By: /s/ Khaled Bajhau
Name: Khaled Bajhau
Title: Chairman/Director

[Signatures Continue on Next Page]


( Signature Page to Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Ala Moana Holding, LLC )

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T-C Pearl Investor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
By: /s/ Michael D. Fisk
Name: Michael D. Fisk
Title: Authorized Signatory
    

( Signature Page to Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Ala Moana Holding, LLC )

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SCHEDULE I
Members
Names, Addresses and Facsimile Numbers
Initial Capital Account Balance
Percentage Interest
Managing Member:
 
 
 
 
 
GGPLPLLC 2010 Loan Pledgor Holding, LLC
c/o General Growth Properties, Inc.
110 N. Wacker Drive
Chicago, IL 60606
Attn: Marvin Levine
Attn: Shobi Khan
Email:Marvin.Levine@generalgrowth.com
Email:Shobi.Khan@generalgrowth.com

$2,490,200,000
50%
Other Members:

 
 
GGPLP Prime, LLC
c/o General Growth Properties, Inc.
110 N. Wacker Drive
Chicago, IL 60606
Attn: Marvin Levine
Attn: Shobi Khan
Email:Marvin.Levine@generalgrowth.com
Email:Shobi.Khan@generalgrowth.com

$622,550,000
12.5%
T-C Pearl Investor LLC
c/o Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
8500 Andrew Carnegie Boulevard
Charlotte, NC 28262
Attn: John Ragland
Email:
jragland@tiaa-cref.org

And

c/o Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
4675 MacArthur Court, Suite 1100
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Attn: Gabriel Steffens, Esq.
Email:
gsteffens@tiaa-cref.org  


$622,550,000
12.5%

 
i
 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Page


AS Property Pearl REIT LLC
c/o AustralianSuper Pty Ltd
Level 33, 50 Lonsdale Street
Melbourne, VIC 3000
Australia
Attn: Jack McGougan and Matthew Fidge
Email: JMcGougan@australiansuper.com, mfidge@australiansuper.com and
project.pearl@australiansuper.com

And :
AS Property Pearl REIT LLC
c/o QIC
222 N. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 2350
El Segundo, CA 90245
Attn: Matthew Strotton
Email: m.strotton@qic.com
$1,245,100,000
25.0%


 
ii
 

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Exhibit 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Sandeep Mathrani, certify that:
 
1.                               I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of General Growth Properties, Inc.;
 
2.                               Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.                               Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.                               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a)                      Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b)                      Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c)                       Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d)                      Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
5.                               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
Date: May 1, 2015
/s/ Sandeep Mathrani
 
Sandeep Mathrani
 
Chief Executive Officer





Exhibit 31.2
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Michael Berman, certify that:
 
1.                               I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of General Growth Properties, Inc.;
 
2.                               Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.                               Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.                               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a)                      Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b)                      Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c)                       Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d)                      Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
5.                               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
Date: May 1, 2015
/s/ Michael Berman
 
Michael Berman
 
Chief Financial Officer




Exhibit 32.1
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of General Growth Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Sandeep Mathrani, in my capacity as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)          The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13 (a) or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2)          The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 
/s/ Sandeep Mathrani
 
Sandeep Mathrani
Chief Executive Officer
May 1, 2015





Exhibit 32.2
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of General Growth Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael Berman, in my capacity as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)          The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13 (a) or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2)          The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 
/s/ Michael Berman
 
Michael Berman
Chief Financial Officer
May 1, 2015