UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021
or
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 001-35219
Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 45-2598330 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9002 San Marco Court | Orlando | FL | 32819 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code (407) 206-6000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |||||||||||||||
| Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value | VAC | New York Stock Exchange | |||||||||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | |||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ☐ | |||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of shares of common stock held by non-affiliates at June 30, 2021, was $6,667,644,233. There were 42,104,128 shares of common stock outstanding as of February 22, 2022.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement prepared for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”), we refer to Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, as “Marriott Vacations Worldwide,” “MVW,” “we,” “us,” or “the Company.”
In order to make this Annual Report easier to read, we refer throughout to (i) our Consolidated Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income as our “Income Statements,” (iii) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheets” and (iv) our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as our “Cash Flows.” References throughout to numbered “Footnotes” refer to the numbered Notes to our Financial Statements that we include in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report. When discussing our properties or markets, we refer to the United States, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean as “North America.”
Additionally, throughout this Annual Report, we refer to brands that we own, as well as those brands that we license, as our brands. All brand names, trademarks, service marks and trade names cited in this report are the property of their respective owners, including those of other companies and organizations. Solely for convenience, trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this Annual Report may appear without the ® or TM symbols, however such references are not intended to indicate in any way that MVW or the owner, as applicable, will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, all rights to such trademarks, trade names and service marks.
Brand names, trademarks, service marks and trade names that we own or license from Marriott International, Inc. or its affiliates (“Marriott International”) include Marriott Vacation Club®, Marriott Vacation Club DestinationsTM, Marriott Vacation Club PulseSM, Marriott Grand Residence Club®, Grand Residences by Marriott®, The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club®, Westin®, Sheraton®, and (to a limited extent) St. Regis® and The Luxury Collection®. Marriott International’s affiliates include Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. (“Starwood”) and The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C. (“The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company”). We also refer to Marriott International’s Marriott Bonvoy® customer loyalty program as “Marriott Bonvoy.” “Hyatt Vacation Ownership” business refers to our group of businesses using the Hyatt® brand in the vacation ownership business pursuant to an exclusive, global master license agreement with a subsidiary of Hyatt Hotels Corporation (“Hyatt”). We also refer to Hyatt’s World of Hyatt® customer loyalty program as “World of Hyatt.”
In early 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic (“COVID-19,” “the COVID-19 pandemic,” “the pandemic,” or “the virus”). The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in international and U.S. economies and markets, and has also had an unprecedented impact on the travel and hospitality industries, as well as the Company. We discuss the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential future implications throughout this report; however, the COVID-19 pandemic, and any recovery therefrom, continues to evolve and further potential impacts on our business in the future remain uncertain.
On April 1, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Welk Hospitality Group, Inc. (“Welk”) through a series of transactions (the “Welk Acquisition”), after which Welk became our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary. The Financial Statements in this report for fiscal year 2021 include Welk’s results of operations for the last three quarters of 2021, and reflect the financial position of our combined company at December 31, 2021. We refer to the business and brands that we acquired from Welk as “Legacy-Welk.” In addition, as part of the Welk Acquisition, we acquired a short-term license to use the Welk brand in connection with the continued operations of the Welk business. We intend to rebrand all Welk resorts as Hyatt-branded resorts once all necessary approvals are obtained.
In 2018, we completed the acquisition of ILG, LLC, formerly known as ILG, Inc. (“ILG”), through a series of transactions (the “ILG Acquisition”), after which ILG became our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary. We refer to our business associated with brands that existed prior to the ILG Acquisition as “Legacy-MVW” and to ILG’s business and brands that we acquired as “Legacy-ILG.” The businesses acquired from ILG that we currently operate as part of our Vacation Ownership business include Vistana Signature Experiences (“Vistana”), which includes vacation ownership products branded as Sheraton or Westin, and Hyatt Vacation Ownership. The businesses acquired from ILG that we currently operate as part of our Exchange & Third-Party Management business include Aqua-Aston Hospitality (“Aqua-Aston”), Interval International, Trading Places International (“TPI”), and Vacation Resorts International (“VRI”).
By referring to our corporate website, www.marriottvacationsworldwide.com, or any other website, we do not incorporate any such website or its contents in this Annual Report.
1
SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We make forward-looking statements throughout this Annual Report, including in, among others, the sections entitled “Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, the information concerning our: possible or assumed future results of operations; business strategies, such as our plans to continue to increase our focus on sales of vacation ownership products to first-time buyers; financing plans; competitive position; potential growth opportunities; potential operating performance improvements, including the expectations that contract sales and rental occupancies will continue to improve in 2022 and that interest income will begin to increase in 2022; the effects of competition; and the ongoing effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions we or others may take in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as the words “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “could” or the negative of these terms or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to numerous and evolving risks and uncertainties that we may not be able to predict or assess, such as: the continuing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including variations in demand for vacation ownership and exchange products and services, volatility in the international and national economy and credit markets, worker absenteeism, quarantines or other government-imposed travel or health-related restrictions; the length and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its short and longer-term impact on the demand for travel and on consumer confidence; the impact of the availability and distribution of effective vaccines on the demand for travel and consumer confidence; the effectiveness of available vaccines against variants of the virus, including the Delta and Omicron variants; the pace of recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic or as effective treatments or vaccines become widely available; the availability of capital to finance growth; the effects of steps we have taken and may continue to take to reduce operating costs and/or enhance health and cleanliness protocols at our resorts due to the COVID-19 pandemic; political or social strife, and other matters referred to under the heading “Risk Factors” contained herein. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements in this Annual Report. We do not have any intention or obligation to update forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report, except as required by law.
The risk factors discussed in “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements in this Annual Report. There may be other risks and uncertainties that we cannot predict at this time or that we currently do not expect will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Any such risks could cause our results to differ materially from those we express in forward-looking statements.
PART I
Item 1. Business
Overview
We are a leading global vacation company that offers vacation ownership, exchange, rental and resort and property management, along with related businesses, products and services. As the first hospitality-branded vacation ownership company, Marriott Vacations Worldwide helped establish the industry and was the first major pure-play independent, public company in the field. Today we are more than a vacation ownership company; we are about vacation experiences. We are a global leader in vacation ownership with some of the most iconic brands in the industry. We are the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, seller and manager of vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club, Grand Residences by Marriott, Sheraton Vacation Club, Westin Vacation Club, and Hyatt Residence Club brands, as well as under Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, an extension of the Marriott Vacation Club brand. We are also the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer and seller of vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club brand, and have the non-exclusive right to develop, market and sell whole ownership residential products under The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand. We have a license to use the St. Regis brand for specified fractional ownership products. In addition, as part of our acquisition of Welk Resorts, we intend to rebrand all Welk resorts as Hyatt-branded resorts once all necessary approvals are obtained. In the exchange arena, Interval International is our high-quality membership brand that serves as the gateway to unparalleled vacation experiences around the world, including access to its affiliated resorts.
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Our business operates in two reportable segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management. We have been an independent public company since our November 2011 spin-off from Marriott International (the “Marriott Spin-Off”).
| 2021 | ||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Segment Revenue | % of Segment Revenue | ||||||||||||
| Vacation Ownership | $ | 3,539 | 92% | |||||||||||
| Exchange & Third-Party Management | 320 | 8% | ||||||||||||
| Total Segment Revenue | $ | 3,859 | 100% | |||||||||||
COVID-19 Pandemic Update
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in international and U.S. economies and markets. Our results of operations from 2021 and 2020 reflect significantly adverse impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. At this time, our businesses continue to recover, and nearly all of our sales centers, resorts, and other properties have reopened. While financial results for certain areas of our business remain below pre-pandemic levels, we continued to experience significant sequential improvement during each quarter of 2021, with certain fourth quarter 2021 results exceeding pre-pandemic levels. We expect improvement to continue across our businesses during 2022 as urban markets continue to recover, international travel restrictions subside, and we continue to strengthen our digital infrastructure, grow online tour packages, and enhance customer experiences. Because demand for our products and services has increased and we expect it to continue to increase, in mid-year 2021, we ceased our workforce reduction plans and instead implemented workforce recalls, attraction and retention plans. We discuss the COVID-19 pandemic and its current and potential future implications in this report; however, the COVID-19 pandemic, and any recovery therefrom, continues to evolve and its further potential impacts on our business in the future remain uncertain. We continue to closely monitor and seek to manage the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations, and to adapt our operations.
The Vacation Ownership Industry
The vacation ownership industry (also known as the timeshare industry) enables customers to share ownership and use of fully-furnished vacation accommodations. Typically, a purchaser acquires an interest (known as a “vacation ownership interest” or a “VOI”) that is either a real estate ownership interest (known as a “timeshare estate”) or a contractual right-to-use interest (known as a “timeshare license”) in a single resort or a collection of resort properties. In the United States, most vacation ownership products are sold as timeshare estates, which can be structured in a variety of ways, including a deeded real estate interest in a specified accommodation unit, an undivided interest in a building or an entire resort, or a beneficial interest in a trust that owns one or more resort properties. By purchasing a vacation ownership interest, owners make a commitment to vacation. For many purchasers, vacation ownership provides an attractive alternative to traditional lodging accommodations (such as hotels, resorts and condominium rentals). In addition to avoiding the volatility in room rates to which traditional lodging customers are subject, vacation ownership purchasers enjoy accommodations that are, on average, more than twice the size of traditional hotel rooms and typically have more features, such as kitchens and separate living areas. Purchasers who might otherwise buy a second home find vacation ownership a preferable alternative because it is more affordable and reduces maintenance and upkeep concerns, and because they are interested in buying a lifetime of vacations.
Typically, developers sell vacation ownership interests for a fixed purchase price that is paid in full at closing or financed with a loan. Many vacation ownership companies provide financing or facilitate access to third-party bank financing for customers. Vacation ownership resorts are often operated by a nonprofit owners’ association of which owners of vacation ownership interests are members. Most owners’ associations are governed by a board of directors that includes owners and which may include representatives of the developer. Some vacation ownership resorts are held through a trust structure in which a trustee holds title and manages the property. The board of the owners’ association, or trustee, as applicable, typically delegates much of the responsibility for managing the resort to a management company, which is often affiliated with the developer.
After the initial purchase, most vacation ownership programs require the owner of the vacation ownership interest to pay an annual maintenance fee. This fee represents the owner’s allocable share of the costs and expenses of operating and maintaining the vacation ownership property and providing program services. This fee typically covers expenses such as housekeeping, landscaping, taxes, insurance, and resort labor, a property management fee payable to the management company for providing management services, and an assessment to fund a capital asset reserve account used to renovate, refurbish and replace furnishings, common areas and other assets (such as parking lots or roofs) as needed over time. Owners typically reserve their usage of vacation accommodations in advance through a reservation system (often provided by the management company or an affiliated entity), unless a vacation ownership interest specifies fixed usage dates and a particular unit every year.
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The vacation ownership industry has grown through expansion of established vacation ownership developers as well as entrance into the market of well-known lodging and entertainment brands, including Marriott, Sheraton, Hilton, Hyatt, Westin and Disney. The industry’s growth can also be attributed to increased market acceptance of vacation ownership products, stronger consumer protection laws and the evolution of vacation ownership interests from a fixed- or floating-week product, which provides the right to use the same property every year, to membership in multi-resort vacation networks, which offer a more flexible vacation experience. These vacation networks often issue their members an annual allotment of points that can be redeemed for stays at affiliated vacation ownership resorts or for alternative vacation experiences available through the program.
To enhance the flexibility and appeal of their products, many vacation ownership developers affiliate their projects with vacation ownership exchange service providers so that owners may exchange their rights to use the developer’s resorts in which they have purchased an interest for accommodation at other resorts in the exchange service provider’s broader network of properties. The two leading exchange service providers are our subsidiary Interval International, and RCI, LLC, a subsidiary of Travel + Leisure Co. (“RCI”). Interval International’s network includes nearly 3,200 affiliated resorts, and RCI’s network includes over 7,000 affiliated resorts, as identified on RCI’s website.
According to the American Resort Development Association (“ARDA”), a trade association representing the vacation ownership and resort development industries, as of December 31, 2020, the U.S. vacation ownership community was comprised of over 1,500 resorts, representing more than 200,000 units. According to ARDA, sales in the U.S. market were approximately $4.9 billion in 2020. We believe there is considerable potential for further growth in the industry both in the U.S. and globally.
License Agreements and Intellectual Property
Our long-term license agreements include a License, Services, and Development Agreement (the “Marriott License Agreement”) with Marriott International and a License, Services, and Development Agreement (the “Ritz-Carlton License Agreement”) with The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, a subsidiary of Marriott International. Under these long-term license agreements, we are granted the exclusive right, for the terms of the license agreements, to use certain Marriott and Ritz-Carlton marks and intellectual property in our vacation ownership business, the exclusive right to use the Grand Residences by Marriott marks and intellectual property in our residential real estate business, and the non-exclusive right to use certain Ritz-Carlton marks and intellectual property in our residential real estate business.
We are also the exclusive licensee for the Sheraton and Westin brands in vacation ownership. Our license agreements for these brands grant us the exclusive right, for the terms of the license agreements, to use certain Sheraton and Westin marks and intellectual property in our vacation ownership business, and the right to use the St. Regis brand for specified fractional ownership products. In addition, we assumed a license agreement with Hyatt that grants us the exclusive global use of the Hyatt brand in connection with the Hyatt Vacation Ownership business.
As part of the Welk Acquisition, we acquired a short-term license to use the Welk brand in connection with the continued operations of the Welk business. We intend to rebrand all Welk resorts as Hyatt-branded resorts once all necessary approvals are obtained.
We operate in a highly competitive industry and our brand names, trademarks, service marks, trade names and logos are very important to the marketing and sales of our products and services. We believe that our licensed brand names and other intellectual property represent high standards of quality, caring, service and value to our customers and the traveling public. We register and protect our intellectual property where we deem appropriate and otherwise seek to protect against its unauthorized use.
Licensor Customer Loyalty Programs
Under our affiliation agreements with Marriott International and its affiliates, our owners who are Marriott Bonvoy members generally have the ability to redeem their vacation ownership usage rights to access participating Marriott-, Sheraton-, and Westin-branded properties or other products and services offered through the program.
Through our relationship with Hyatt, our owners who are members of the World of Hyatt customer loyalty program generally have the ability to redeem their vacation ownership usage rights to access participating Hyatt-branded properties or other products and services offered through the program.
4
Business Strategy
Our strategic goal is to further strengthen our leadership position in the vacation ownership industry. To achieve this goal, we are pursuing the following initiatives, as we continue to focus in the years ahead on further enhancing the vacation experience to help our members and owners live their lives to the fullest:
Drive profitable revenue growth
We intend to continue to generate growth in vacation ownership sales by leveraging our powerful mix of trusted hospitality brands and membership programs and targeting high-quality inventory that allows us to add desirable new destinations to our systems with new on-site sales locations. We expect to continue to generate growth through our integrated platform that provides exclusive access to the world-class loyalty programs of Marriott International and Hyatt. We will also continue to focus on our approximately 700,000 owner families around the world. We are concentrating on growing our tour flow cost effectively as we seek to grow first-time buyer tours through our strategy that emphasizes new sales locations and new marketing channels, including digital and social media marketing. As the vacation ownership business continues to grow sales and we add new resorts, our vacation ownership revenue streams from consumer financing, management fees, rentals and ancillary services are expected to grow.
We also plan to grow our recurring revenues which tend to be less capital intensive than sales of vacation ownership. Our recurring revenues include management of resorts and owners’ associations, financing revenues, and membership, club and other revenues in both our Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management segments. These revenues generally are more predictable due to the relatively fixed nature of resort operating expenses and, in the case of management and exchange revenues, contractual agreements that typically span many years and are often automatically renewable. Financing revenues are relatively stable as the majority of these revenues generated in any given year come from prior year note originations.
Additionally, we plan to drive revenue growth by focusing on younger customers and by accessing a wider array of vacationers through new membership programs in our exchange businesses.
Maximize cash flow and optimize our capital structure, including by selectively pursuing capital efficient vacation ownership deal structures
Through the use of our points-based products, we are able to more closely match inventory investment with sales pace, thereby generating strong cash flows over time. Limiting the amount of completed inventory on hand and pursuing capital efficient vacation ownership inventory arrangements enable us to reduce the maintenance fees that we pay on unsold inventory and improve returns on invested capital and liquidity. In addition, we reacquire previously sold vacation ownership interests at lower costs than would be required to develop new inventory which increases margins on our sales of vacation ownership interests.
Our business model is characterized by steady, consistent cash flow, which is driven in part by our “asset-light” capital efficient framework. We expect to maintain an attractive leverage profile. We intend to meet our ongoing liquidity needs through cash on hand, operating cash flow, our $600 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Corporate Credit Facility”), our $350 million non-recourse warehouse credit facility (the “Warehouse Credit Facility”), and continued access to the asset-backed securities (“ABS”) term financing market. We believe this will enable us to maintain a level of liquidity that provides financial flexibility, giving us the ability to pursue strategic growth opportunities, withstand potential future economic downturns, optimize our cost of capital, and pursue strategies for returning excess capital to shareholders.
Enhance digital capabilities
A key area of focus for us is the expansion of digital tools to drive more efficient digital marketing and enhance user experience for our owners and members of our exchange and other membership programs. We believe there is much more innovation and growth to come, and we intend to build efficiencies in our cost of delivery of marketing and to facilitate access to our portfolio of brands with new digital tools.
Focus on the satisfaction of our owners, members, and guests as well as the engagement of our associates
We provide high-quality vacation experiences to our owners, members, and guests around the world and we believe that maintaining a high level of engagement across all of our customer groups is key to our success. We intend to maintain and improve their satisfaction with our products and services, which drives incremental sales as customers choose to spend more time at our resorts. Because our owners, members, and guests are our most cost-effective vacation ownership sales channels, we intend to continue to leverage our strong customer satisfaction to drive higher margin sales volumes.
5
From our earliest days, we have sought to create a culture that emphasizes warm and welcoming customer service and authentic care for our associates. At Marriott Vacations Worldwide, these characteristics are two sides of the same coin. They give meaning to our vision of helping our customers and associates live their lives to the fullest. Our caring culture unites our associates across a wide range of backgrounds, geographies and experiences. It is this very diversity that make us “Better Together” and that has allowed us to grow and prosper over the years.
Transform our business in connection with the integration of the ILG and Welk Acquisitions
Perhaps no aspect of our business has changed more over the years than the range of diverse vacation experiences we provide. The dramatic shift was made possible by the ILG Acquisition in 2018 and enhanced by the Welk Acquisition in 2021. Interval International has been our valued exchange partner since 1988 and became part of the Marriott Vacations Worldwide family as a result of the ILG Acquisition. As we continue to further integrate the ILG and Welk businesses, we are simultaneously working to develop new growth channels and streamline our business processes through technology. We are focused on integrating functions, leveraging strengths across our businesses, and pursuing transformational opportunities that can further differentiate us from our competitors. We intend to continue advancing our company analytics to encourage greater points utilization and usage of our exchange and travel products, provide enhanced resort experiences, and create more relevant and high value targeted leads for tour offers and vacation options. This is a multi-year process that is designed to achieve cost savings and increase revenue opportunities that we expect will continue into 2022.
Selectively pursue compelling new business opportunities
We are positioned to explore new business opportunities, such as the continued enhancement of our exchange programs, new management affiliations, acquisitions of existing vacation ownership and related businesses, and the creation of new innovative travel-related products that are outside of our core vacation ownership and exchange company offerings. We intend to selectively pursue these types of opportunities, focusing on those opportunities that drive recurring revenue and profit streams. Prior to entering into any new business opportunity, we will evaluate its strategic fit and assess whether it is complementary to our current business, has strong expected financial returns and complements our existing culture and competencies.
Competitive Strengths
A leading global vacation ownership and exchange company
We are one of the world’s largest vacation ownership companies, based on number of owners, members, number of resorts and revenues. Since becoming a standalone public company 10 years ago, our vacation ownership business has nearly doubled in size, from 64 vacation ownership resorts and approximately 420,000 owners to over 120 vacation ownership resorts and approximately 700,000 owner families as of the end of 2021. Our exchange networks and membership programs are comprised of nearly 3,200 affiliated resorts and almost 1.4 million members, and we also provide management services to over 150 other resorts and lodging properties, as of the end of 2021. We believe our scale and global reach, coupled with our renowned brands and development, marketing, sales, exchange and management expertise, help us achieve operational efficiencies and support future growth opportunities. Our size allows us to provide owners, members, and guests with the flexibility of a wide variety of experiences within our high-quality resort portfolio, coupled with the ease and certainty of working with a single trusted provider. We also believe our size helps us obtain better financing terms from lenders, achieve operational cost savings from our increased scale, and attract talented management and associates. In the exchange arena, Interval International is the high-quality membership brand that serves as the gateway to unparalleled vacation experiences. Our Interval International network includes members and resorts from our Marriott, Westin, Sheraton and Hyatt clubs, as well as other high quality branded and independent resorts, that can attract developers and owners’ associations to affiliate with the network and provide exchange opportunities for their owners.
The breadth and depth of our operations enables us to offer a variety of products and to continue to adapt those products to the ever changing needs and preferences of our existing and future customers. For example, the tapestry of vacation experiences we offer includes not only traditional resort experiences but also urban experiences at our Marriott Vacation Club Pulse locations, which are unique properties that embrace the spirit and culture of their urban locations.
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Premier global brands with access to expansive customer bases
Each of our owned or licensed brands - from Marriott Vacation Club to Hyatt Residence Club, from Interval International to Aqua-Aston, from Sheraton Vacation Club to Westin Vacation Club - is a highly respected and widely trusted leader in the travel and hospitality industry. We are creating distinct lanes for our brands to grow within. This careful segmentation is designed to allow each of our brands to reach its full potential, while also giving us diverse paths to growth. Each brand has a unique history and heritage that has enriched our company immeasurably and that we are building upon to better serve our owners, members, guests, and associates. Through the brands we license from Marriott International for use in vacation ownership, we benefit from exclusive long-term access to members in the Marriott Bonvoy loyalty program, which includes over 160 million members as of December 31, 2021. Similarly, through our relationship with Hyatt Corporation, we benefit from access to members of Hyatt’s award-winning guest loyalty program, the World of Hyatt, which includes approximately 30 million members as of December 31, 2021. We believe our access to guests with an affinity for our brands aids our marketing efforts and significantly enhances our ability to drive future sales, as we predominantly generate vacation ownership interest sales through brand loyalty-affiliated sales channels. We expect to continue to leverage our exclusive call transfer arrangements, on-site marketing at Marriott and Hyatt branded hotels, and use of certain exclusive marketing rights to increase sales across all of our Marriott-affiliated and Hyatt-affiliated vacation ownership properties, respectively.
Loyal, highly satisfied customers
We have a large, highly satisfied customer base. Owner and member satisfaction is evidenced both by positive historical survey responses, high levels of engagement that we see in the many customer and associate care stories shared on social media sites, and higher than industry average historical resort occupancy for our Vacation Ownership segment. We believe that strong customer satisfaction and brand loyalty result in more frequent use of our products, increase in member retention, and encourage owners to purchase additional products and to recommend our products to friends and family, which in turn generates higher revenues.
Capital efficient business model providing strong free cash flow and financial flexibility
We believe that our scale, recurring revenue fee streams and enhanced margin profile will enable us to maintain flexibility for continued organic growth, strategic acquisitions, debt repayment, and return of capital to shareholders. Our total revenue excluding cost reimbursements derived from sources other than the sale of vacation ownership interests has increased and continues to increase. Our Exchange & Third-Party Management businesses also create ample opportunities to realize recurring higher-margin, fee-based revenue streams with modest required capital expenditures, enhancing our margins and free cash flow generation over time.
We were also among the first of the major hospitality brands to move from a fixed-week, fixed-unit operating model to a points-based system. This critical transition responded directly to consumer demand for greater flexibility and allowed us to tap into the broader membership opportunity afforded by the industry’s exchange businesses. Our points-based vacation ownership products allow us to utilize capital efficient structures and maintain long-term sales locations without the need to construct additional units at each location. We are able to better manage our inventory needs, while achieving top line growth without a need to significantly increase inventory investments. Our disciplined inventory approach and use of capital efficient vacation ownership deal structures, including working with third parties that develop new inventory or convert previously built units that are sold to us close to when such inventory is needed to support sales, is expected to support strong free cash flow generation.
Long-standing track record, experienced management and engaged associates
We have been a pioneer in the vacation ownership industry since 1984, when Marriott International became the first company to introduce a lodging-branded vacation ownership product. The story of Marriott Vacations Worldwide is one of growth driven by innovation and exceptional vitality. Since our early days, we have sought to create a culture that emphasizes authentic care for associates. Our seasoned management team is led by Stephen P. Weisz, our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Weisz has served as our Chief Executive Officer since 2011, and as our President from 1996 through December 2020. Mr. Weisz has almost 50 years of combined experience at Marriott International and Marriott Vacations Worldwide. William J. Shaw, the Chairman of our Board of Directors, is the former Vice Chairman, President and Chief Operating Officer of Marriott International and spent nearly 37 years with Marriott International. Our eleven executive officers have an average of nearly 29 years of total combined experience at Marriott Vacations Worldwide, our subsidiary companies, and Marriott International. We believe our management team’s extensive public company and vacation ownership industry experience has enabled us to achieve solid operating results and will enable us to continue to respond quickly and effectively to changing market conditions and consumer trends. Our management’s experience in the highly regulated vacation ownership industry also provides us with a competitive advantage in expanding existing product forms and developing new ones that include more non-perpetual products.
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Engaged associates delivering high levels of customer service driving repeat customers
We believe that our associates provide superior customer service and this dedication to serving the customer enhances our competitive position. A significant portion of our vacation ownership contract sales are historically to existing owners, which enables them to enjoy longer stays and have greater flexibility in their vacation choices. Sales to existing owners typically have significantly lower sales and marketing costs than sales to new owners. We leverage outstanding associate engagement and strong corporate culture to deliver positive customer experiences in sales, marketing, exchange, management and resort operations.
We survey our associates regularly through an external survey provider to understand their satisfaction and engagement, defined as how passionate employees are about the company’s mission and their willingness to “go the extra mile” to see it succeed. We have historically ranked highly compared to other companies participating in such surveys. Our caring culture contributes to the long tenure of associates at both leadership and operational levels. We use the results of our annual engagement surveys to improve the experience of our associates and to help chart their career progression. To this end, we provide a learning-rich environment with many training and career advancement opportunities.
VACATION OWNERSHIP SEGMENT
Our Vacation Ownership segment develops, markets, sells, finances, rents, and manages vacation ownership and related products under our licensed brands. Our vacation ownership resorts typically combine many of the comforts of home, such as spacious accommodations with one, two and three bedroom options, living and dining areas, in-unit kitchens and laundry facilities, with resort amenities such as large feature swimming pools, restaurants and bars, convenience stores, fitness facilities and spas, as well as sports and recreation facilities appropriate for each resort’s unique location.
As of December 31, 2021, our Vacation Ownership segment had over 120 resorts and approximately 700,000 owner families. The Vacation Ownership segment represented 91% of our consolidated revenue for 2021.
| ($ in millions) | 2021 Vacation Ownership Segment Revenues | ||||
| Sale of vacation ownership products | $ | 1,153 | |||
| Resort management and other services | 470 | ||||
| Rental | 446 | ||||
| Financing | 268 | ||||
| Cost reimbursements | 1,202 | ||||
| TOTAL REVENUES | $ | 3,539 | |||
Brands
Built upon a single hospitality brand at the time of our founding, Marriott Vacations Worldwide has grown into a multi-branded organization with a broad, diverse portfolio of immersive vacation and leisure destinations. Our portfolio includes a rich tapestry of some of the world’s most iconic, widely recognized and respected hospitality and travel brands. We design, build, manage and maintain properties at upper upscale and luxury levels primarily under the following brands:
Marriott Vacation Club is a collection of upper upscale vacation ownership resorts featuring timeshare villas and other accommodations throughout the U.S., Caribbean, Europe, Asia, and Australia. It’s about vacations with a sense of place and belonging, providing owners and their families with the flexibility to enjoy a wide variety of vacation experiences that are characterized by the consistent high quality and warm hospitality for which the Marriott name is known. Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, a brand extension of Marriott Vacation Club, offers properties in the heart of vibrant cities, including San Francisco and New York City, among others. Because of their urban locations, Marriott Vacation Club Pulse properties typically offer limited on-site amenities and may include smaller guest rooms without separate living areas and kitchens.
Sheraton Vacation Club provides enriching and unexpected vacation experiences in fun family destinations like Florida, South Carolina and Colorado, with activities that emphasize building and strengthening relationships. This collection of vacation ownership resorts builds on an iconic legacy of trusted hospitality, and brings to life a warm, energetic haven for families to gather and nurture their most precious relationships by allowing owners and guests to relax, play and experience what the world has to offer. Sheraton Vacation Club upper upscale vacation ownership resorts are part of the Vistana Signature Network.
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Westin Vacation Club is a collection of vacation ownership resorts located in some of the most sought-after destinations and designed with living well in mind. From the world-renowned Heavenly Bed to an energizing WestinWORKOUT and revitalizing experiences, every element of a vacation stay is created to leave owners and guests feeling better than when they arrived. Westin Vacation Club upper upscale vacation ownership resorts are part of the Vistana Signature Network.
Grand Residences by Marriott provides vacation ownership through fractional real estate and whole ownership offerings. Grand Residences by Marriott is dedicated to providing carefree property ownership. The accommodations for this brand are similar to those we offer under the Marriott Vacation Club brand, but the duration of the vacation ownership interest is longer, ranging between three and thirteen weeks.
The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club is a collection of vacation ownership resorts that provide luxurious vacation experiences for members and their families commensurate with the legacy of The Ritz-Carlton brand. The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club resorts include luxury villas and resort amenities that offer inspirational vacation lifestyles tailored to every member’s needs and expectations. The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club resorts typically feature two, three and four bedroom units that usually include marble foyers, walk-in closets, custom kitchen cabinetry and luxury resort amenities such as large feature swimming pools and access to full service restaurants and bars. On-site management and services, which usually include daily housekeeping service, valet, in-residence dining, and access to fitness facilities as well as spa and sports facilities as appropriate for each destination, are provided by The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company.
The Ritz-Carlton Residences is a luxury tier whole ownership residence brand. The Ritz-Carlton Residences includes whole ownership luxury residential condominiums co-located with The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club resorts. Owners can typically purchase condominiums that vary in size from one bedroom apartments to spacious penthouses. Owners of The Ritz-Carlton Residences can avail themselves of the services and facilities that are associated with the co-located The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club resort on an a la carte basis. On-site management and services are provided by The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company.
St. Regis Residence Club and The Luxury Collection offer fractional interests in luxury real estate and distinctive privileges to members who embrace the art of living in unforgettable destinations. For connoisseurs who desire the finest in luxury living, magnificent residences exude the timeless grandeur and glamour synonymous with the illustrious past of the St. Regis brand.
Hyatt Residence Club is a collection of vacation ownership resorts with a diverse portfolio of boutique upper upscale residential-style retreats. Set in unique destinations from Maui, Carmel and Aspen to Sedona, San Antonio and Key West, Hyatt Residence Club resorts deliver genuine Hyatt care. In addition, as part of the Welk Acquisition, we intend to rebrand all Welk resorts as Hyatt-branded resorts once all necessary approvals have been obtained.
Products
Points-Based Vacation Ownership Products
We sell the majority of our products through points-based ownership programs, including Marriott Vacation Club Destinations, Sheraton Flex, Westin Flex, Westin Aventuras, and the Hyatt Residence Club Portfolio Program. Our points-based systems and exchange networks enable owners and members to access virtually any kind of vacation experience they want. While the structural characteristics of each of our points-based programs differ, in each program, owners receive an annual allotment of points representing owners’ usage rights, and owners can use these points to access vacation ownership units across multiple destinations within their program’s portfolio of resort locations. Each program permits shorter or longer stays than a traditional weeks-based vacation ownership product and provides for flexibility with respect to check-in days and size of accommodations. In addition to traditional resort stays, the programs enable our owners to exchange their points for a wide variety of innovative vacation experiences, which may include cruises, airline travel, guided tours, safaris and other unique vacation alternatives. Owners who are members of our points-based programs typically pay annual fees in exchange for the ability to participate in the program. In addition to points-based ownership programs that allow owners to access multiple destinations within a single program, we offer points programs at certain resorts, such as in St. John and Hawaii, that allow owners to access that particular single site using points in a similar use fashion to the other points-based products.
Our points programs allow owners to bank and borrow their annual point allotments, access other locations through the applicable internal exchange programs that we operate, and access Interval International’s network of nearly 3,200 affiliated resorts. Owners can trade their vacation ownership usage rights for Marriott Bonvoy points or World of Hyatt points, as applicable, which can be used to access participating hotels or redeemed for airline miles or other merchandise offered through such customer loyalty program. Through our points systems and exchange networks, owners can also use points toward vacation experiences such as a bicycle tour, a culinary journey, an adventure cruise or a once-in-a-lifetime trip to a major sporting event. Our points-based products offer usage in perpetuity or for a term of years and may consist of real estate interests or a contractual right-to-use.
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Weeks-Based Vacation Ownership Products
We continue to sell Marriott Vacation Club, Westin, Sheraton and Hyatt branded weeks-based vacation ownership products in select markets, including in countries where legal and tax constraints currently limit our ability to include those locations in one of our existing points-based programs. Our products include multi-week vacation ownership interests in specific Grand Residences by Marriott, St. Regis Residence Club, The Luxury Collection Residence Club, and The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club resorts. Our weeks-based vacation ownership products in the United States and select Caribbean locations are typically sold as fee simple deeded real estate interests at a specific resort representing an ownership interest in perpetuity, except where restricted by leasehold or other structural limitations. We sell vacation ownership interests as a contractual right-to-use product subject to a finite term in Asia Pacific and Europe.
Global Exchange Opportunities
Most of our vacation ownership products, including our Marriott-, Sheraton-, Westin-, and Hyatt-branded products, are affiliated with the Interval International network, the high-quality membership brand that serves as the gateway to unparalleled vacation experiences.
We offer our existing Marriott Vacation Club owners who hold weeks-based products the opportunity to participate, on a voluntary basis, in Marriott Vacation Club Destinations (“MVCD”), an exchange program through which many of MVCD’s vacation experiences are offered. All existing owners, whether or not they elect to participate in the MVCD exchange program, retain their existing rights and privileges of vacation ownership. Owners who elect to participate in the exchange program receive the ability to trade their weeks-based interval usage for vacation club points usage each year, typically subject to payment of an initial enrollment fee and annual club dues. As of the end of 2021, approximately 177,000 weeks-based owners have enrolled approximately 279,000 weeks in MVCD’s exchange program, with more than 239,000 total owners able to use points.
The Vistana Signature Network (“VSN”) provides Westin Vacation Club and Sheraton Vacation Club owners access to its affiliated resorts as well as the opportunity to exchange their points through the Marriott Bonvoy program to Marriott resorts, through the Interval International network, or for a cruise. Based on the point value of the home resort interest owned, customers can choose other VSN affiliated resorts, the type of villa, the date of travel and the length of stay. VSN members have a priority period in which they have exclusive reservation rights for the related resort or points program without competition from other network members. During this home resort period, they can reserve occupancy based on the season and unit type purchased. As of December 31, 2021, VSN included more than 182,000 members.
Hyatt Residence Club provides its owners internal exchange rights among Hyatt Residence Club resorts as well as the opportunity to trade their club points for World of Hyatt points which may be redeemed at participating Hyatt branded properties and exchanged through the Interval International network. Owners will receive Hyatt Residence Club points if they have not reserved at their home resort or through its points program during their allotted preference period or if they elect to convert to points earlier. As of December 31, 2021, this points-based membership exchange system served more than 30,000 owners.
Sources of Revenue
We generate most of our revenues from four primary sources: selling vacation ownership products; managing vacation ownership resorts, clubs, and owners’ associations; financing consumer purchases of vacation ownership products; and renting vacation ownership inventory.
Sale of Vacation Ownership Products
Our principal source of revenue is the sale of vacation ownership interests.
Resort Management and Other Services
We generate revenue from fees we earn for managing each of our resorts. In addition, we earn revenue for providing ancillary offerings, including food and beverage, retail, and golf and spa offerings at our resorts. We also receive annual fees, club dues, and certain transaction-based fees from owners and other third parties, including external exchange service providers with which we are associated.
Financing
We earn interest income on loans that we provide to purchasers of our vacation ownership interests, as well as loan servicing and other fees.
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Rental
We generate revenue from rentals of inventory that we hold for sale as interests in our vacation ownership programs or as residences, or inventory that we control because our owners have elected alternative usage options permitted under our vacation ownership programs. By using Marriott.com and other direct booking channels to rent available inventory, we are able to reach potential new members who may already have an affinity for and loyalty to the Marriott, Sheraton, Westin and Ritz-Carlton brands and introduce them to our products. Similarly, by using Hyatt.com and other direct booking channels to rent available inventory, we are able to reach potential new members who may already have an affinity for and loyalty to the Hyatt brand and introduce them to our products.
Marketing and Sales Activities
We sell our upper upscale tier vacation ownership products under our brands primarily through our worldwide network of resort-based sales centers and certain off-site sales locations. Our vacation ownership interests are currently marketed for sale throughout the United States and in over 30 countries around the world, targeting customers who vacation regularly with a focus on family, relaxation and recreational activities. In 2021, over 90% of our vacation ownership contract sales originated at sales centers that are co-located with one of our resorts. We maintain a range of different off-site sales centers, including our central telesales organization based in Orlando and our network of third-party brokers in Latin America and Europe. We have more than 90 global sales locations focused on the sale of vacation ownership interests. We utilize a number of marketing channels to attract qualified customers to our sales locations, including digital and social media marketing.
We solicit our existing owners primarily while they are staying in our resorts, but also offer our owners the opportunity to make additional purchases through direct phone sales, owner events and inquiries from our central customer service centers located in Salt Lake City, Utah, Orlando, Florida, and Palm Springs, California. In 2021, approximately 70% of our vacation ownership contract sales were to our existing owners. In addition, we are concentrating on growing our tour flow cost effectively as we seek to generate more first-time buyer tours through our strategy that emphasizes adding new sales locations and new marketing channels.
We also market to existing Marriott and Hyatt customer loyalty program members and travelers who are staying in locations where we have like-branded resorts. We market extensively to guests in Marriott International or Hyatt hotels that are located near one of our sales locations. We also market through call transfer arrangements with Marriott International pursuant to which callers to certain of its reservation centers are asked if they would like to be transferred to one of our representatives who can tell them about our products. In addition, we operate other local marketing venues in various high-traffic areas. A significant part of our direct marketing activities is focused on prospects in the Marriott and Hyatt customer loyalty program databases and our in-house databases of qualified prospects. We offer guests who do not buy a vacation ownership interest during their initial tour the opportunity to purchase a return package for a future stay at our resorts. These return guests are nearly twice as likely to purchase as a first-time visitor.
One of our key areas of focus is expanding our use of social media and digital marketing channels. We are focused on building stronger brand reputation associations via social media audience growth and data driven content marketing.
Our sales tours are designed to provide our guests with an overview of our company and our products, as well as a customized presentation to explain how our products and services can meet their vacationing needs. From a single week at a fixed location to today’s abundance of getaway options, our vacation experience has undergone a remarkable metamorphosis. The vacation experience we provide today isn’t just about a visit to a resort. It can be a bicycle tour, a culinary journey, an adventure cruise, or a once-in-a-lifetime trip to a major sporting event. That’s why our sales force is highly trained in a consultative sales approach designed to ensure that we meet customers’ needs on an individual basis. We hire our sales executives based on stringent selection criteria. After they are hired, they spend a minimum of four weeks in product and sales training before interacting with any customers. We manage our sales executives’ consistency of presentation and professionalism using a variety of sales tools and technology and through a post-presentation survey of our guests that measures many aspects of each guest’s interaction with us.
We believe consumers place a great deal of trust in the Marriott, Westin, Sheraton, Ritz-Carlton and Hyatt brands and the strength of these brands is important to our ability to attract qualified prospects in the marketplace. We maintain a prominent presence on the www.marriott.com, www.ritzcarlton.com and www.hyatt.com websites. Our proprietary sites include www.marriottvacationsworldwide.com, www.marriottvacationclub.com, www.ritzcarltonclub.com, www.vistana.com, www.theresidenceclub.com, and www.hyattresidenceclub.com.
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Inventory and Development Activities
We secure inventory by building additional phases at our existing resorts, reacquiring previously sold inventory in the secondary market, reacquiring inventory as a result of owner loan or maintenance fee defaults, or developing or acquiring inventory at resorts in strategic markets. We proactively buy back previously sold vacation ownership interests under our repurchase programs at lower costs than would be required to develop new inventory. Efficient use of our capital is also achieved through our points-based business model, which allows us to supply many sales locations with new inventory sourced from a small number of resort locations.
We intend to continue to selectively pursue growth opportunities primarily in North America by targeting high-quality inventory that allows us to add desirable new destinations to our system with new on-site sales locations in ways that optimize the timing of our capital investments. These capital efficient vacation ownership deal structures may include working with third parties to develop new inventory or to convert previously built units to be sold to us close to when we need such inventory.
Approximately 20% of our Vacation Ownership segment resorts are co-located with same-branded hotel properties. Co-location of our resorts with same-branded hotels can provide several advantages from development, operations, customer experience and marketing perspectives, including sharing amenities, infrastructure and staff, integration of services, and other cost efficiencies. The larger campus of an integrated vacation ownership and hotel resort often can afford our owners more varied and elaborate amenities than those that would generally be available at a stand-alone resort. Shared infrastructure can also reduce our overall development costs for our resorts on a per unit basis. Integration of services and sharing staff and other expenses can lower overhead and operating costs for our resorts. Our on-site access to hotel customers, including customer loyalty program members, who are visiting co-located hotels also provides us with a cost-effective marketing channel for our vacation ownership products.
Co-located resorts require cooperation and coordination among all parties and are subject to cost sharing and integration agreements among us, the applicable owners’ association and managers and owners of the co-located hotel. Our license agreements with Marriott International and Hyatt allow for the development of co-located properties in the future, and we intend to opportunistically pursue co-located projects with them.
Owners generally can offer their vacation ownership interests for resale on the secondary market, which can create pricing pressure on the sale of developer inventory. However, owners who purchase vacation ownership interests on the secondary market typically do not receive all of the benefits that owners who purchase products directly from us receive. When an owner purchases a vacation ownership interest directly from us or a resale on the secondary market, the owner receives certain entitlements that are tied to the underlying vacation ownership interest, such as the right to reserve a resort unit that underlies their vacation ownership interest in order to occupy that unit or exchange its use for use of a unit at another resort through an external exchange service provider, as well as benefits that are incidental to the purchase of the vacation ownership interest. However, the purchaser on the secondary market may not be entitled to receive certain incidental benefits such as full access to our internal exchange programs or the right to trade their usage rights for customer loyalty program points. Additionally, many of our vacation ownership interests provide us with a right of first refusal on secondary market sales. We monitor sales that occur in the secondary market and exercise our right of first refusal when it is advantageous for us to do so, whether due to pricing, desire for the particular inventory, or other factors. All owners, whether they purchase directly from us or on the secondary market, are responsible for the annual maintenance fees, property taxes and any assessments that are levied by the relevant owners’ association, as well as any exchange service membership dues or service fees.
Management Activities
We enter into a management agreement with the owners’ association or other governing body at our resorts and, when a trust holds interests in resorts, with the trust’s governing body. In exchange for a management fee, we typically provide owner account management (reservations and usage selection), housekeeping, check-in, maintenance and billing and collections services. The management fee is typically based on either a percentage of the budgeted costs to operate such resorts or a fixed fee arrangement. We earn these fees regardless of usage or occupancy. We also receive revenues that represent reimbursement for certain costs we incur under our management agreements, which are principally payroll-related costs at the locations where we employ the associates providing on-site services.
The terms of our management agreements generally range from three to ten years and are generally subject to periodic renewal for one to five year terms. Many of these agreements renew automatically unless either party provides advance notice of termination before the expiration of the term. When our management agreement for a branded resort is not renewed or is terminated, the resort loses the ability to use the brand and trademarks. The owners at such resorts also lose their ability to trade their vacation ownership usage rights for customer loyalty points and to access other resorts through one of our internal exchange systems.
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The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company manages the on-site operations for The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club and The Ritz-Carlton Residences properties in our portfolio under separate management agreements with us. We provide owners’ association governance and vacation ownership program management services for The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club and co-located The Ritz-Carlton Residences properties, including preparing association budgets, facilitating association meetings, billing and collecting maintenance fees, and supporting reservations, vacation experience planning and other off-site member services. We and The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company typically split the management fees equally for these resorts. If a management agreement for a resort expires or is terminated, the resort loses the ability to use the Ritz-Carlton brand and trademarks. The owners at such resorts also lose their ability to access other usage benefits, such as the ability to exchange occupancy for customer loyalty points, access to accommodations at other The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club resorts, preferential access to Ritz-Carlton hotels worldwide and access to our internal exchange and vacation travel options.
Each management agreement requires the owners’ association, trust association or other governing body to provide sufficient funds to pay for the vacation ownership program and operating costs. To satisfy this requirement, owners of vacation ownership interests pay an annual maintenance fee. This fee represents the owner’s allocable share of the costs of operating and maintaining the resorts or interests in the timeshare plan in which they hold a vacation ownership interest, including management fees and expenses, taxes (in some locations), insurance, and other related costs, and the costs of providing program services (such as reservation services). This fee includes a management fee payable to us for providing management services as well as an assessment for funds to be deposited into a capital asset reserve fund and used to renovate, refurbish and replace furnishings, common areas and other resort assets (such as parking lots or roofs) as needed over time. As the owner of completed but unsold vacation ownership inventory, we also pay maintenance fees in accordance with the legal requirements of the jurisdictions applicable to such resorts and programs. In addition, in early phases of development of a resort, we sometimes enter into subsidy agreements with the owners’ associations under which we agree to pay costs that otherwise would be covered by annual maintenance fees associated with vacation ownership interests or units that have not yet been built or committed to a timeshare plan. These subsidy arrangements help keep maintenance fees at a reasonable level for owners who purchase, especially in the early stages of development.
If an owner defaults in payment of maintenance fees or other assessments, the owners’ association typically has the right to foreclose on or revoke the defaulting owner’s vacation ownership interest. We have arrangements with several owners’ associations to assist in reselling foreclosed or revoked vacation ownership interests in exchange for a fee, or to reacquire such foreclosed or revoked vacation ownership interests from the owners’ associations.
Consumer Financing
We offer purchase money financing for purchasers of our vacation ownership products who meet our underwriting guidelines. By offering or eliminating financing incentives and modifying underwriting standards, we have been able to increase or decrease the volume of our financing activities depending on market conditions. We are not providing financing to buyers of our residential products. We generally do not face competition in our consumer financing business to finance sales of vacation ownership products.
In 2021, our financing propensity was 53% and the average loan originated by us for vacation ownership products totaled approximately $27,800, which represented 71% of the average purchase price. For financing on the majority of our brands, we require a minimum down payment of 10% of the purchase price, although down payments and interest rates are typically higher for applicants with credit scores below certain levels and for purchasers who do not have credit scores, such as non-U.S. purchasers. The average interest rate for originated loans in 2021 was 12.9% and the average term was 12 years. Interest rates are fixed and a loan fully amortizes over the life of the loan. The average monthly mortgage payment for an owner who received a loan in 2021 was $408. We do not impose any prepayment penalties.
In our vacation ownership business, in many of our markets, we perform a credit investigation or other review or inquiry to determine the purchaser’s credit history before originating a loan. The interest rates on the loans we provide are based primarily upon the purchaser’s credit score, the size of the purchase, and the term of the loan. We base our financing terms largely on a purchaser’s FICO score, which is a branded version of a consumer credit score widely used in the United States by banks and lending institutions. FICO scores range from 300 to 850 and are calculated based on information obtained from one or more of the three major U.S. credit reporting agencies that compile and report on a consumer’s credit history. In 2021, the average FICO score of our customers who were U.S. citizens or residents who financed a vacation ownership purchase was 732; 69% had a credit score of over 700, 87% had a credit score of over 650 and 96% had a credit score of over 600.
We use other information to determine minimum down payments and interest rates applicable to loans made to purchasers who do not have a credit score or who do not reside within the United States, such as regional historical default rates and currency fluctuation risk.
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In the event of a default, we generally have the right to foreclose on or revoke the defaulting owner’s vacation ownership interest. We typically resell interests that we reacquire through foreclosure or revocation or place such interests into one of our points-based programs.
We securitize the majority of the consumer loans we originate in support of our vacation ownership business. Historically, we have sold these loans to institutional investors in the ABS market on a non-recourse basis. These vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations provide funding for us at interest rates similar to those available to companies with investment grade credit ratings, and transfer the economic risks and substantially all the benefits of the consumer loans we originate to third parties. In a vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, various classes of debt securities issued by a special purpose entity are generally collateralized by a single tranche of transferred assets, which consist of vacation ownership notes receivable. During 2021, we completed two securitization transactions, which are discussed in detail in Footnote 15 “Securitized Debt” to our Financial Statements. On an ongoing basis, we have the ability to use our Warehouse Credit Facility to securitize eligible consumer loans derived from certain branded vacation ownership sales. Those loans may later be transferred to term securitization transactions in the ABS market, which we intend to continue to complete at least once per year. Since 2000, we have issued almost $7.5 billion of debt securities in securitization transactions in the ABS market, excluding amounts securitized through warehouse credit facilities or private bank transactions. We retain the servicing and collection responsibilities for the loans we securitize, for which we receive a servicing fee.
Our Resorts
As of December 31, 2021, our vacation ownership portfolio consisted of over 120 properties with over 22,000 vacation ownership villas, also referred to as units, and over 31,000 keys in the following locations. A “key” is the lowest increment for reporting occupancy statistics based upon the mix of non-lock-off and lock-off villas. Lock-off villas represent two keys and non-lock-off villas represent one key.
Vacation Ownership
Mainland U.S. and Hawaii
| # of Resorts | # of Keys | # of Resorts | # of Keys | # of Resorts | # of Keys | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arizona | 5 | 1,189 | Missouri | 2 | 479 | Texas | 1 | 195 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| California | 20 | 6,264 | Nevada | 2 | 1,172 | Utah | 2 | 634 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Colorado | 14 | 1,036 | New Jersey | 1 | 180 | Virginia | 1 | 276 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Florida | 23 | 7,989 | New Mexico | 1 | 16 | Washington, D.C. | 1 | 71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hawaii | 12 | 4,768 | New York | 2 | 228 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | 1 | 84 | South Carolina | 10 | 1,864 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Caribbean and Mexico
| # of Resorts | # of Keys | # of Resorts | # of Keys | # of Resorts | # of Keys | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aruba | 2 | 1,211 | Puerto Rico | 1 | 164 | Mexico | 4 | 1,561 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bahamas | 1 | 392 | U.S. Virgin Islands | 3 | 512 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costa Rica | 1 | 48 | West Indies | 1 | 88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Europe and Asia Pacific
| # of Resorts | # of Keys | # of Resorts | # of Keys | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| France | 1 | 202 | Indonesia | 1 | 73 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain | 3 | 715 | Thailand | 3 | 332 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 1 | 49 | Australia | 1 | 88 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Brands
| # of Resorts | # of Keys | |||||||||||||
| Marriott Vacation Club | 62 | 18,825 | ||||||||||||
| Sheraton Vacation Club | 9 | 4,375 | ||||||||||||
| Westin Vacation Club | 12 | 4,584 | ||||||||||||
| Grand Residences by Marriott | 2 | 381 | ||||||||||||
| The Ritz-Carlton Club | 5 | 259 | ||||||||||||
| St. Regis Residence Club and The Luxury Collection | 3 | 82 | ||||||||||||
| Hyatt Residence Club | 15 | 1,399 | ||||||||||||
| Other, including Welk | 13 | 1,975 | ||||||||||||
| 121 | 31,880 | |||||||||||||
Hotels
| Location | ||||||||
| Sheraton Kauai Resort | Kauai, HI | |||||||
| The Westin Resort & Spa, Cancun | Cancun, Mexico | |||||||
| The Westin Resort & Spa, Puerto Vallarta | Puerto Vallarta, Mexico | |||||||
| Hyatt Highlands Inn | Carmel, CA | |||||||
| Welk Resorts Branson Hotel | Branson, MO | |||||||
EXCHANGE & THIRD-PARTY MANAGEMENT SEGMENT
Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment includes exchange networks and membership programs comprised of nearly 3,200 affiliated resorts in over 90 nations and nearly 1.4 million members, as well as provision of management services to over 150 other resorts and lodging properties. We provide these services through a variety of brands including Interval International, Trading Places International, Vacation Resorts International and Aqua-Aston. The segment revenue generally is fee-based and derived from membership, exchange and rental transactions, owners’ association management, and other related products and services. The Exchange & Third-Party Management segment represented 8% of our consolidated revenue for 2021.
| ($ in millions) | 2021 Exchange & Third-Party Management Segment Revenues | ||||
| Management and exchange | $ | 233 | |||
| Rental | 40 | ||||
| Financing | — | ||||
| Cost reimbursements | 47 | ||||
| TOTAL REVENUES | $ | 320 | |||
Exchange Networks and Membership Programs
Interval International
Our primary exchange offering is Interval International’s network, a membership-based exchange program which also provides a comprehensive package of value-added products and services to members and developers. Generally, individuals are enrolled by resort developers in connection with their purchase of vacation ownership interests from such resort developers, with initial membership fees being paid on behalf of members by the resort developers. Members may also enroll directly, for instance, when they purchase a vacation ownership interest through resale or an owners’ association at a resort that participates in the Interval International network. Interval International has established multi-year relationships with resort developers, including leading independent developers and our branded vacation ownership programs, under exclusive affiliation agreements, which typically provide for continued resort participation following the agreement’s term.
Our traditional Interval International network members have the option, after their initial membership period ends, to renew their memberships for terms ranging from one to five years and by paying membership fees directly to us. Alternatively, some resort developers incorporate the Interval International network membership fee into certain annual fees they charge to
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owners of vacation ownership interests at their resorts or vacation ownership clubs. As a result, membership in the Interval International network and, where applicable, the Interval Gold, Club Interval, or Interval Platinum program (as described below), for these corporate members is automatically renewed through the period of their resort’s or club’s participation in the Interval International network. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 60% of total Interval International network members were traditional members and approximately 40% were corporate members.
Interval International recognizes certain of its eligible Interval International network resorts as either a “Select Resort,” a “Select Boutique Resort,” a “Premier Resort,” a “Premier Boutique Resort,” an “Elite Resort” or an “Elite Boutique Resort” based upon the satisfaction of qualifying criteria, inspection, member feedback, and other resort-specific factors. Over 40% of Interval International network resorts were recognized as a Select, Select Boutique, Premier, Premier Boutique, Elite or Elite Boutique Resort as of December 31, 2021.
Products and Services
Exchange
Members are offered the ability to exchange usage rights in their vacation ownership interest for accommodations which are generally of comparable trading value to those relinquished, based on factors including location, quality, seasonality, unit attributes and time of relinquishment prior to occupancy.
Getaways
We also offer additional vacation rental opportunities to members of the Interval International network and certain other membership or affinity programs at attractive rates through Getaways. Getaways allow members to rent resort accommodations for a fee, plus applicable taxes. Resort accommodations available as Getaways consist of seasonal oversupply of vacation ownership accommodations within the applicable exchange network, as well as resort accommodations we source specifically for use in Getaways.
Interval Gold and Interval Platinum
Interval International network members may take advantage of one of our two enhanced membership tiers, Interval Gold or Interval Platinum, each of which provides value-added benefits and services for an additional fee. These benefits and services vary by country of residence, but generally consist of discounts on Getaways, a concierge service, a hotel discount program and Interval Options, a service that allows members to relinquish annual occupancy rights in their vacation ownership interests towards the purchase of various travel products, including hotel, cruise, golf and spa vacations. Members are enrolled in these programs either by resort developers in connection with the initial purchase of their vacation ownership interests or by upgrading their membership directly.
Club Interval
This product gives owners of fixed or floating week vacation ownership interests the opportunity to use their resort week as points within the Interval International network. Club Interval members also receive all of the benefits of Interval Gold and can upgrade to Interval Platinum.
Non-Exchange Products
Interval International’s subsidiary, Worldwide Vacation & Travel, offers two programs, Leisure Time Passport and Dream Vacation Week. Leisure Time Passport is a travel membership program which provides members with a variety of travel and leisure benefits, including savings on resort accommodations, hotel stays, cruise vacations and more. The Leisure Time Passport membership program is used by resort developers as a trial membership program for potential purchasers of vacation ownership products as well as by non-developer clients, as an addition to their own product(s), which provides ongoing value and customer engagement. Dream Vacation Week is a certificate program which provides the recipient with access to book discounted resort accommodations and is used as a marketing premium, sales incentive, or enhancement to an existing program.
Sales and Marketing Support for Interval International network resorts
Resort developers promote membership in our exchange programs and related value-added services as an important benefit of owning a vacation ownership interest. We offer developers a selection of sales and marketing materials. These materials, many of which are available in multiple languages, include brochures, publications, sales-office displays, resort directories and Interval HD, an online video channel featuring resort and destination overviews.
Operational Support for Interval International network resorts
Interval International also makes available a comprehensive array of back-office servicing solutions to resort developers and resorts. For example, for an additional fee, we provide reservation services and billing and collection of maintenance fees and other amounts due to developers or owners’ associations. In addition, through consulting arrangements, we assist resort developers in the design of tailored vacation programs for owners of vacation ownership interests.
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Trading Places International
Trading Places International provides exchange services to owners at certain of our managed timeshare properties as well as other direct-to-consumer exchanges that do not require a membership fee. For an annual fee, vacation interest owners may choose to join the upgraded Trading Places Prime program with additional benefits. Exchanges in these Trading Places programs are based on like value and upgrades are available upon payment of additional fees.
Business Development
Our exchange businesses maintain corporate and consumer business development departments that are responsible for signing up new resorts, resort developers, and other businesses and implementing marketing strategies. We also develop materials to promote membership participation, exchange opportunities and other value-added services to existing members, as well as for the Interval International business to secure new relationships with resort developers, owners’ associations and resorts, to obtain and retain members, and with other affinity partners, to provide value added travel benefits to their customers.
Our consumer marketing efforts revolve around the deepening of new and existing customer relationships and increasing engagement and loyalty of members through a number of channels including digital distribution utilizing social media channels to inspire vacations, share stories and promote the vacation ownership lifestyle, as well as direct mail and telemarketing.
Interval International also markets products and services to resort developers and other parties in the vacation ownership industry through a series of business development initiatives. Our sales and services personnel proactively seek to establish strong relationships with developers and owners’ associations, providing input on consumer preferences and industry trends based upon years of experience. We believe that we have established a strong reputation within the vacation ownership industry as being highly responsive to the needs of resort developers, owners’ associations, management companies and owners of vacation ownership interests. In addition, we sponsor, participate in and attend numerous industry conferences around the world to provide potential and existing industry participants opportunities to network and learn more about vacation ownership.
Third-Party Management
We provide resort management services for vacation ownership resorts and other third-party vacation property owners through Vacation Resorts International, Trading Places International and Aqua-Aston. Our services may include day-to-day operations of the resorts, maintenance of the resorts, preparation of reports, budgets, owners’ association administration, quality assurance and employee training. As of December 31, 2021, we provided third-party management services to over 150 resorts and lodging properties.
Vacation Resorts International and Trading Places International provide management services to vacation ownership resorts pursuant to agreements with terms generally ranging from one to ten years, many of which are automatically renewable. Generally, our management fees are paid by the owners’ association and funded from the annual maintenance fees paid by the individual vacation ownership interest owners to the association. These maintenance fees represent each owner’s allocable share of the costs of operating and maintaining the resorts, which generally includes personnel, property taxes, insurance, a capital asset reserve to fund refurbishment and other related costs. The management fees we earn are highly predictable due to the relatively fixed nature of resort operating expenses. We are reimbursed for the costs incurred to perform our services, principally related to personnel providing on-site services. We also offer vacation rental services to these owners’ associations. These rentals are made online directly to consumers through our websites and through third-party online travel agencies, and through Interval International’s Getaways program.
Aqua-Aston provides management and rental services for condominium owners, hotel owners, and owners’ associations. The condominium rental properties are generally investment properties, and, to a lesser extent, second homes, owned by individuals who contract with Aqua‑Aston directly to manage, market and rent their properties, generally pursuant to short‑term agreements. We also offer such owners a comprehensive package of marketing, management and rental services designed to enhance rental income and profitability. Generally, owners’ association management services, including administrative, fiscal and quality assurance services, are provided pursuant to exclusive agreements with terms typically ranging from one to ten years or more, many of which are automatically renewable. Revenue is derived principally from fees for management of the hotel, condominium resort, or owners’ association as well as related rental services. Management fees consist of a base management fee and, in some instances for hotels or condominium resorts, an incentive management fee which is generally a percentage of operating profits or improvement in operating profits. Service fee revenue is based on the services provided internally or through third-party providers to owners including reservation services, sales and marketing, property accounting and information technology services.
The success and continued growth of the Aqua-Aston business, which is concentrated in Hawaii, depends largely on our ability to source vacationers interested in booking vacation properties made available through our rental services. Our in market sales and marketing team utilizes a variety of sales, marketing, revenue management and digital marketing initiatives to attract consumers and additional properties to Aqua‑Aston. We utilize many channels of distribution including traditional
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wholesale through tour operators and travel partners, online travel agencies and global distribution systems. In addition, Aqua‑Aston focuses on driving direct business through brand websites and our central reservations office. The sales team covers several market segments from corporate and government/military to travel agents and groups. We offer a variety of leisure accommodations to visitors from around the world through various consumer websites including, www.aquaaston.com, www.aquaresorts.com, www.mauicondo.com, and others.
CORPORATE AND OTHER
Corporate and Other consists of results that are not allocable to our segments, including company-wide general and administrative costs, corporate interest expense, transaction and integration costs, and (provision for) benefit from income taxes. In addition, Corporate and Other includes the revenues and expenses relating to owners’ associations consolidated under the relevant accounting guidance (“Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations”), which are not included in operating segment resource allocation decision-making.
Seasonality
Our revenue is influenced by the seasonal nature of travel. Within our Vacation Ownership segment, our sale of vacation ownership business experiences a modest impact from seasonality, with higher sales volumes during the traditional vacation periods. COVID-19 has impacted, and may continue to impact, our typical seasonal patterns. In addition, business at properties in some locations may experience a greater impact from seasonality than those in other locations.
Within our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, we recognize exchange and Getaways revenue based on confirmation of the vacation; revenue is generally higher in the first quarter and lower in the fourth quarter. Remaining rental revenue is recognized based on occupancy.
Competition
Competition in the vacation ownership industry is driven primarily by the quality, number and location of vacation ownership resorts, the quality and capability of the related property management program, trust in the brand, pricing of product offerings, cost of ownership (i.e., ongoing maintenance and other fees) and the availability of program benefits, such as exchange programs and access to affiliated hotel networks. We believe that our focus on offering distinctive vacation experiences, combined with our financial strength, well-established and diverse market presence, strong brands, expertise and well-managed and maintained properties, will enable us to remain competitive. Vacation ownership is a vacation option that is positioned and sold as an attractive alternative to vacation rentals (such as hotels, resorts and condominium rentals) and second home ownership. The various segments within the vacation ownership industry can be differentiated by the quality level of the accommodations, range of services and ancillary offerings, and price. Our brands operate in the upper upscale and luxury tiers of the vacation ownership segment of the industry and the upper upscale and luxury tiers of the whole ownership segment (also referred to as the residential segment) of the industry.
Our competitors in the vacation ownership industry range from small vacation ownership companies to large branded hospitality companies that operate or license vacation ownership businesses. In North America, we typically compete with companies that sell upper upscale tier vacation ownership products under a lodging or entertainment brand umbrella, such as Hilton Grand Vacations Club and Disney Vacation Club, as well as numerous regional vacation ownership operators. Our luxury vacation ownership products compete with vacation ownership products offered by Four Seasons, Exclusive Resorts, Timbers Resorts and several other smaller independent companies. In addition, the vacation ownership industry competes generally with other vacation rental options (such as hotels, resorts and condominium rentals) offered by the lodging industry as well as alternative lodging marketplaces such as Airbnb, VRBO, and HomeAway, which offer rentals of homes and condominiums. Innovations that impact the industry may also lead to new products and services that could disrupt our business model and create new and stronger competitors.
Outside North America, we operate vacation ownership resorts in two primary regions, Asia Pacific and Europe. In both regions, we are one of the largest lodging-branded vacation ownership companies operating in the upper upscale tier, with regional operators dominating the competitive landscape. Where possible, our vacation ownership properties in these regions are co-located with Marriott International branded hotels. In Asia Pacific, our owner base is derived primarily from the Asia Pacific region and secondarily from the Europe and North America regions. In Europe, our owner base is derived primarily from the North America, Europe and Middle East regions.
Recent and potential future consolidation in the highly fragmented vacation ownership industry may increase competition. Consolidation may create competitors that enjoy significant advantages resulting from, among other things, a lower cost of, and greater access to, capital and enhanced operating efficiencies.
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Our Interval International exchange business principally competes for developer and consumer market share with Travel + Leisure Co.’s subsidiary, RCI. Our subsidiary, Trading Places International, and several third parties operate in this industry with a significantly more limited scope of available accommodations. This business also faces increasing competition from points‑based vacation clubs and large resort developers, which operate their own internal exchange systems to facilitate exchanges for owners of vacation ownership interests at their resorts as they increase in size and scope. Increased consolidation in the industry enhances this competition. In addition, vacation clubs and resort developers may have direct exchange relationships with other developers.
We believe that developers and owners’ associations generally choose to affiliate with an exchange network based on the quality of resorts participating in the network; the level of service provided to members; the range and level of support services; the flexibility of the exchange program; the demographics of the membership base; the costs for annual membership and exchanges; and the continuity of management and its strategic relationships within the industry.
Regulation
Our business is heavily regulated and compliance with regulations has a significant impact on our results of operations. We are subject to a wide variety of complex international, national, federal, state and local laws, regulations and policies in jurisdictions around the world. We have proactively worked with ARDA to encourage the enactment of responsible consumer-protection legislation and state regulation that enhances the reputation and respectability of the overall vacation ownership industry. We believe that, over time, our vacation ownership products and services helped improve the public perception of the vacation ownership industry.
Some laws, regulations and policies may impact multiple areas of our business, such as securities, anti-discrimination, anti-fraud, data protection and security and anti-corruption and bribery laws and regulations or government economic sanctions, including applicable regulations of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”), the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”). The FCPA and similar anti-corruption and bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or generating business. The collection, use and protection of personal data of our customers, as well as the sharing of our customer data with affiliates and third parties, are governed by privacy laws and regulations enacted in the United States and other jurisdictions around the world. Other laws, regulations and policies primarily affect one of four areas of our business: real estate development activities; marketing and sales activities; lending activities; resort management activities, and exchange and travel activities.
Real Estate Development Regulation
Our real estate development activities are regulated under a number of different timeshare, condominium and land sales disclosure statutes in many jurisdictions. We are generally subject to laws and regulations typically applicable to real estate development, subdivision, and construction activities, such as laws relating to zoning, land use restrictions, environmental regulation, accessibility, title transfers, title insurance, and taxation. In the United States, these include, with respect to some of our products, the Fair Housing Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. In addition, we are subject to laws in some jurisdictions that impose liability on property developers for construction defects discovered or repairs made by future owners of property developed by the developer.
Marketing and Sales Regulation
Our marketing and sales activities are closely regulated pursuant to laws and regulations enacted specifically for the vacation ownership and land sales industries, as well as a wide variety of laws and regulations that govern our marketing and sales activities in the jurisdictions in which we carry out such activities. These laws and regulations include the USA PATRIOT Act, Foreign Investment In Real Property Tax Act, the Federal Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act and fair housing statutes, U.S. Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) and state “Little FTC Acts” and other laws and regulations governing unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices including unfair or deceptive trade practices and unfair competition, state attorney general regulations, anti-fraud laws, prize, gift and sweepstakes laws, real estate, title agency or insurance, travel insurance and other licensing or registration laws and regulations, anti-money laundering, consumer information privacy and security, breach notification, information sharing and telemarketing laws, home solicitation sales laws, tour operator laws, lodging certificate and seller of travel laws, securities laws, and other consumer protection laws.
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Many jurisdictions, including many jurisdictions in the United States, Asia Pacific and Europe, require that we file detailed registration or offering statements with regulatory authorities disclosing certain information regarding the vacation ownership interests and other real estate interests we market and sell, such as information concerning the interests being offered, any projects, resorts or programs to which the interests relate, applicable condominium or vacation ownership plans, evidence of title, details regarding our business, the purchaser’s rights and obligations with respect to such interests, and a description of the manner in which we intend to offer and advertise such interests. Regulation outside the United States includes jurisdictions in which our clubs and resorts operate, such as the European Union, Singapore and Mexico, among others. Among other things, the European and Singaporean regulations: (1) require delivery of specified disclosure (some of which must be provided in a specific format or language) to purchasers; (2) require a specified “cooling off” rescission period after a purchase contract is signed; and (3) prohibit any advance payments during the “cooling off” rescission period.
We must obtain the approval of numerous governmental authorities for our marketing and sales activities. Changes in circumstances or applicable law may necessitate the application for or modification of existing approvals. Currently, we are permitted to market and sell vacation ownership products in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in the United States and numerous countries in North and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Our Marriott Vacation Club Destinations, Australia points-based program is subject to regulation as a “managed investment scheme” by the Australian Securities & Investments Commission. In some countries our vacation ownership products are marketed by third-party brokers.
Laws in many jurisdictions in which we sell vacation ownership interests grant the purchaser of a vacation ownership interest the right to cancel a purchase contract during a specified rescission period following the later of the date the contract was signed or the date the purchaser received the last of the documents required to be provided by us.
Regulators in many jurisdictions have increased regulations and enforcement actions related to telemarketing operations, including requiring adherence to the federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the “TCPA”) and similar “do not call” legislation. These measures have significantly increased the costs and reduced the efficiencies associated with telemarketing. While we continue to be subject to telemarketing risks and potential liability, we believe that our exposure to adverse effects from telemarketing legislation and enforcement is mitigated in some instances by the use of permission-based marketing, under which we obtain the permission of prospective purchasers to contact them in the future. We participate in various programs and follow certain procedures that we believe help reduce the possibility that we contact individuals who have requested to be placed on federal or state “do not call” lists, including subscribing to the federal and certain state “do not call” lists, and maintaining an internal “do not call” list.
Lending Regulation
Our lending activities are subject to a number of laws and regulations including those of applicable supervisory, regulatory and enforcement agencies such as, in the United States, the CFPB, the FTC, and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. These laws and regulations, some of which contain exceptions applicable to the timeshare industry or may not apply to some of our products, may include, among others, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and Regulation X, the Truth In Lending Act and Regulation Z, the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Fair Housing Act and implementing regulations, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E, unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices regulations and the Consumer Protection Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, the Right to Financial Privacy Act, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act and the Bank Secrecy Act. Our lending activities are also subject to the laws and regulations of other jurisdictions, including, among others, laws and regulations related to consumer loans, retail installment contracts, mortgage lending, usury, fair debt collection practices, consumer debt collection practices, mortgage disclosure, lender or mortgage loan originator licensing and registration and anti-money laundering.
Resort Management Regulation
Our resort management activities are subject to laws and regulations regarding community association management, public lodging, food and beverage services, labor, employment, health care, health and safety, accessibility, discrimination, immigration, gaming, and the environment (including climate change). In addition, many jurisdictions in which we manage our resorts have statutory provisions that limit the duration of the initial and renewal terms of our management agreements for owners’ associations and/or permit the owners’ association for a resort to terminate our management agreement under certain circumstances (for example, upon a super-majority vote of the owners), even if we are not in default under the agreement.
Exchange and Travel Regulations
Many jurisdictions regulate businesses engaged in timeshare exchange activity, typically requiring annual filing of prescribed disclosures with regulatory agencies. Such disclosure must be provided to persons enrolling in a timeshare exchange program prior to completion of enrollment. The disclosure generally provides information on the terms and conditions of membership as well as audited key operating statistics of the exchange program.
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In connection with our exchange businesses, we also offer other travel-related products and services that are subject to regulation in certain jurisdictions, including requirements that we register as a “seller of travel” and comply with applicable bonding and disclosure requirements. Additionally, operation of our travel membership programs can trigger requirements that we register as a discount buying organization. Other products and services we offer (e.g., travel insurance) are subject to regulations imposed on our suppliers, and as a result we are subject to travel reseller requirements and licensing in certain jurisdictions.
Environmental Compliance and Awareness
The properties we manage or develop are subject to national, state and local laws and regulations that govern the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relate to protecting the environment. These laws and regulations include requirements that address health and safety; the use, management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes; and emission or discharge of wastes or other materials. We believe that our management and development of properties comply, in all material respects, with environmental laws and regulations. Our compliance with such provisions also has not had a material impact on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position, nor do we anticipate that such compliance will have a material impact in the future.
We take our commitment to protecting the environment seriously. We have collaborated with Audubon International to further the “greening” of our Marriott Vacation Club resorts in the U.S. through the Audubon Green Leaf Eco-Rating Program for Hotels. The Audubon partnership is just one of several programs incorporated into our green initiatives. We have more than 20 years of energy conservation experience that we have put to use in implementing our environmental strategy across each of our segments. This strategy includes further reducing energy and water consumption, expanding our portfolio of green resorts, including LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) certification, educating and inspiring associates and guests to support the environment, and embracing innovation.
Human Capital
We recognize that our industry leadership depends in critical part on our continued ability to recruit, motivate, and retain the talented associates that make up our global workforce. We maintain a set of programs and initiatives, rooted in our Core Values (Caring Culture, Integrity First, Excellence Always, Customer Obsessed, and Better Together), designed to attract, develop, retain and engage our associates that is focused on:
•competitive, fair, and transparent compensation and benefits offerings;
•supporting the overall well-being of our associates from a physical, mental, and social perspective;
•creating opportunities for associate growth, development, recognition, training, and education; and
•promoting an inclusive and diverse workplace, where all individuals are respected regardless of their age, race, notional origin, gender, religion, disability, or sexual orientation.
As of December 31, 2021, we had a global workforce consisting of approximately 20,300 associates, of which approximately 16,800 were based in the United States and approximately 3,500 were based in international locations.
Inclusion and Diversity
As a leisure-focused company, we are in the business of bringing people together. Like our customers, our associates come from diverse backgrounds, offering invaluably distinct perspectives. Women comprise 54% of our worldwide workforce and men comprise 46%. Within the United States, people of color comprise 41% of our management level positions and women comprise 46% of our management level positions. We are implementing recruiting efforts focused on placing women and people of color in management roles.
In 2021, we launched an Executive Inclusion Council, which is comprised of approximately 20 senior leaders dedicated to enabling and championing Inclusion and Diversity initiatives throughout the organization. Top priorities include providing guidance regarding our Inclusion and Diversity strategy, increasing leaders’ ability to discuss and be held accountable for driving Inclusion and Diversity outcomes, and increasing awareness and impact of initiatives. With the support of the Executive Inclusion Council, we completed an internal review of our Inclusion and Diversity practices and programs as well as external benchmarking to refine our Inclusion and Diversity strategic framework and ongoing areas of focus. This work led us to establish a framework rooted in our core values and supported by a newly developed Inclusion and Diversity Commitment Statement (included below).
MVW is committed to advancing and cultivating inclusion and diversity in all aspects of our business. We provide treasured vacation experiences to our customers around the world, and foster an inclusive, diverse, and caring work environment for our associates. We support a life fulfilled for all individuals and embrace that we are better together.
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Associate Development
We seek to cultivate a learning-rich environment where associates are prepared to succeed, are encouraged to grow their careers, and are motivated to serve our owners, members, and guests. Our Global Talent Management team develops and deploys programs and resources for all our associates. Our learning programs are designed to help ensure our company is a desirable place to start and cultivate a fulfilling career, with increased opportunities for growth. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, a key training focus in 2021 was to provide courses on returning to work safely and supporting our associates’ overall health and well-being.
Our Global Talent Management team is also committed to providing our leaders with the opportunity to develop their leadership skills and equip leaders with the skills they need to create a positive work environment for all associates. With a curriculum of approximately 15 distinct courses, the Leadership Development Program provides associates the tools, resources, and practices we believe are important to becoming successful leaders and strengthening our diverse talent pipeline. In 2021, we continued to deliver virtual learning courses to support leadership development training in a socially distant manner. We also adapted in-classroom practices to accommodate live, instructor-lead training for select courses. Our efforts helped us continue to support leaders in building leadership skills for the future.
Collective Bargaining Agreements
We are party to collective bargaining agreements in the United States, Spain, and Mexico primarily with regard to employees working in food service, laundry, and hospitality and tourism.
Human Rights
We maintain a Human Rights Policy that aligns with government, business, and public concerns about issues such as human trafficking and the exploitation of children. We do not recruit child labor, and we support programs and partnerships that help at-risk young people and their families prepare for and find meaningful employment. Our Human Rights Policy is available on our website at (www.marriottvacationsworldwide.com) under the “Investor Relations” tab.
Available Information
Our investor relations website address is www.ir.mvwc.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and any and all amendments thereto are available free of charge through our investor relations website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These materials are also accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Information About Our Executive Officers
Set forth below is certain information with respect to our executive officers. The information set forth below is as of February 21, 2022, except where indicated.
| Name and Title | Age | Business Experience | ||||||||||||
| Stephen P. Weisz Chief Executive Officer | 71 | Stephen P. Weisz has served as our Chief Executive Officer since 2011, and as our President from 1996 through December 2020. Mr. Weisz has also been a member of our Board of Directors since 2011. Mr. Weisz joined Marriott International in 1972. Over his 39-year career with Marriott International, he held a number of leadership positions in the Lodging division, including Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing and Executive Vice President-Lodging Brands. Mr. Weisz is a past Chairman of the Board of Directors of the American Resort Development Association and also a past Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Children’s Miracle Network. | ||||||||||||
| John E. Geller, Jr. President | 54 | John E. Geller, Jr. has served as our President since October 2021. From January 2021 to October 2021, he served as our President and Chief Financial Officer. From January 2018 to January 2021, he served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial and Administrative Officer. From 2009 to December 2017, he served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Geller joined Marriott International in 2005 as Senior Vice President and Chief Audit Executive and Information Security Officer. | ||||||||||||
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| Name and Title | Age | Business Experience | ||||||||||||
| R. Lee Cunningham Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer - Vacation Ownership | 62 | R. Lee Cunningham has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer - Vacation Ownership since September 2018. From December 2012 to August 2018, he served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. From 2007 to December 2012, he served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer – North America and Caribbean. Mr. Cunningham joined our company in 1997 as Vice President of Revenue Management and Owner Service Operations. Mr. Cunningham joined Marriott International in 1982. As reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 12, 2022, Mr. Cunningham announced his decision to retire as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer - Vacation Ownership in April 2022; Mr. Cunningham subsequently announced that he would instead retire in May 2022. | ||||||||||||
| Anthony E. Terry Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | 54 | Anthony E. Terry has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since October 2021. From July 2005 to September 2021, he served as our Senior Vice President, Global Operational Finance. From October 2001 to June 2005, he served as our Vice President of Product Supply Management. Mr. Terry began his career with the Company in 1996. | ||||||||||||
| Lori Gustafson Executive Vice President and Chief Brand and Digital Strategy Officer | 38 | Lori Gustafson joined our company in November 2020 and serves as our Executive Vice President and Chief Brand and Digital Strategy Officer. From May 2019 to November 2020, she served as Senior Vice President, Global Brands & Digital for Wyndham Destinations, where she was responsible for brand management and digital marketing. From January 2018 to May 2019, she served as Vice President, Brand Marketing, where she was responsible for brand management, campaign development and advertising. From July 2017 to January 2018, she served as Corporate Vice President of Digital, eCommerce, and Media at SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, where she led the U.S. team that oversaw the development of eCommerce, digital marketing, social media, business intelligence and digital content. From 2015 until July 2017, she served as Senior Director, Digital Marketing at SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, where she was the executive leader for digital transformation initiatives, including websites, mobile and digital commerce improvements and the implementation of a data and analytics program related to customer experience. | ||||||||||||
| James H Hunter, IV Executive Vice President and General Counsel | 59 | James H Hunter, IV has served as our Executive Vice President and General Counsel since November 2011. Prior to that time, he had served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel since 2006. Mr. Hunter joined Marriott International in 1994. | ||||||||||||
| Lizabeth Kane-Hanan Executive Vice President and Chief Development and Product Officer | 55 | Lizabeth Kane-Hanan has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Development and Product Officer since September 2018. From November 2011 to August 2018, she served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Growth and Inventory Officer. Prior to that time, she had served as our Senior Vice President, Resort Development and Planning, Inventory and Revenue Management and Product Innovation since 2009. Ms. Kane-Hanan joined our company in 2000. | ||||||||||||
| Jeanette E. Marbert President, Exchange and Third-Party Management | 65 | Jeanette Marbert has served as our President, Exchange and Third-Party Management since October 2018. She served as President and Chief Executive Officer for the Exchange and Rental Segment of ILG, Inc. from November 2017 until September 2018, and as Executive Vice President from June 2009 until November 2017. She was Chief Operating Officer of ILG, Inc. from August 2008 to November 2017, and served as a Director of ILG, Inc. from February 2015 to May 2016. Ms. Marbert joined Interval in 1984. | ||||||||||||
| Brian E. Miller President, Vacation Ownership | 58 | Brian E. Miller has served as our President, Vacation Ownership since October 2020. From October 2018 to September 2020, he served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing, Sales and Service Officer. From November 2011 to September 2018, he served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Sales and Marketing Officer. Prior to that time, he had served as our Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing and Service Operations since 2007. Mr. Miller joined our company in 1991. | ||||||||||||
| Dwight D. Smith Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer | 61 | Dwight D. Smith has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer since December 2011. Prior to that time, he served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer since 2006. Mr. Smith joined Marriott International in 1988. | ||||||||||||
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| Name and Title | Age | Business Experience | ||||||||||||
| Michael E. Yonker Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer | 63 | Michael E. Yonker has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer since December 2011. Prior to that time, he served as our Chief Human Resources Officer since 2010. Mr. Yonker joined Marriott International in 1983. | ||||||||||||
Item 1A. Risk Factors
This section describes circumstances or events that could have a negative effect on our financial results or operations or that could change, for the worse, existing trends in our businesses. The occurrence of one or more of the circumstances or events described below could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and/or on the trading prices of our common stock. The risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Report are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties that currently are not known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial also may adversely affect our businesses and operations.
Risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and may continue to have, serious adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations for an unknown period of time.
As the outbreak of the coronavirus continues, both in the U.S. and globally, there has been significant volatility in global economies and financial markets. The severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic is uncertain, rapidly changing and hard to predict. Uncertainties related to the pandemic include, but are not limited to, the continued disruptive effect of the pandemic on the global economy, our supply chain partners, our workforce, traveler sentiment, resort occupancy and periodic mandates from governmental authorities to stay home, avoid non-essential contact and gatherings, and self-quarantine.
In 2020, we saw marked declines in occupancy, rentals, and contract sales because of the temporary closure of nearly all of our sales centers, the temporary closure of many of our resorts, the temporary closure of our branded North America vacation ownership resorts for rental stays, and the reduction in operations and amenities at all of our resorts based on government mandates and advisories. Protocols adopted to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, such as canceling, or implementing alternatives or modifications to, in-person sales tours and customized presentations, and reductions in amenities at our resorts, have resulted, and could continue to result in, lesser effectiveness of customer-associate interaction and diminished customer satisfaction, which could adversely impact our financial condition. As of December 31, 2021, nearly all of our resorts and sales centers have reopened; however, extended or further closures may be required nationally, regionally, or in specific locations in the event of a resurgence or variant of the virus.
The success of our business and our profitability depend, in substantial part, upon the health of the travel industry, which has been materially adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. As new variants of the virus make headlines every few months, consumer fear about contracting COVID-19 and recommendations or mandates from governmental authorities to avoid large gatherings of people or self-quarantine may increase. These recommendations and mandates have already affected and may continue to affect resort occupancies. A substantial amount of our sales activity occurs at our resorts, and the number of prospective and current owners who visit our resorts impacts sales volume. Our rental revenue is also substantially impacted by the desire and ability of vacationers to travel. Fear of exposure to the COVID-19 virus, government restrictions on travel, including quarantine requirements, low vaccination rates in some parts of the world and variants that may be resistant to available vaccines have caused travelers to cancel or delay travel plans to our resorts. These changes in vacation and travel patterns have adversely affected our cash flows, revenues, and profits, and are expected to continue to do so. Moreover, when travel advisories and restrictions have been lifted, there has been a resurgence of the virus, and as a result, travel demand is unpredictable and could remain so for a significant period. Adverse changes in the perceived or actual economic climate, including higher unemployment rates, declines in income levels, inflation, and loss of personal wealth resulting from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect travel demand for a prolonged period.
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in payment delinquencies for our vacation ownership notes receivable. The number of delinquencies may increase again as the duration of the pandemic or its effect on economic conditions and the ability to travel continues and could lead to defaults on financing that we provide to purchasers of our products in excess of our estimates. Purchaser defaults may cause us to foreclose on vacation ownership notes receivable and reclaim ownership of the financed interests and could impact our ability to secure ABS or warehouse credit facility financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. In addition, the transactions in which we have securitized vacation ownership notes receivable contain certain portfolio performance requirements related to default and delinquency rates, which, if not met, would result in loss or disruption of cash flow until portfolio performance sufficiently improves to satisfy the requirements.
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The duration and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and financial results will largely depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, the extent and severity of any resurgences of the pandemic in the future, the response by all levels of government in their efforts to contain the pandemic and to mitigate the economic disruptions, the related impact on consumer confidence and spending, and how quickly economies and demand for our products and services recover after the pandemic subsides, all of which are highly uncertain, rapidly changing and cannot be predicted. Such impacts are expected to adversely affect our profitability, cash flows, financial results, and capital resources for a significant period. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic may also adversely affect our operating and financial results in a manner that is not presently known to us or that we currently do not consider to present significant risks to our operations.
The economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected our ability to generate cash to support our continuing operations and debt service, implement our growth plans and make other payments.
We depend upon our operations to generate strong cash flows to support our operating activities, supply capital to finance our operations and growth, make capital expenditures and acquisitions, service our debt and return value to our shareholders through dividends and stock repurchases. In 2020, the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected our ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to support these activities and the continuing pandemic may do so in the future.
Steps taken to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency and further changes we may make in the future to reduce costs have negatively impacted, and may in the future impact, owner and guest satisfaction. Reductions in or deferrals of planned corporate capital expenditures may negatively impact owner satisfaction and make our products less attractive to prospective purchasers.
If we cannot make scheduled payments on, or refinance, our debt, we would be in default, and the lenders under our Corporate Credit Facility could terminate their commitments to loan money. Creditors could foreclose on the assets securing our secured debt and apply the amounts realized from such foreclosures to repay amounts owed to them. Any of these actions would likely trigger cross-default or cross-acceleration provisions in our other debt instruments, which would allow the creditors under such instruments to exercise similar rights. If any of these actions were taken, we could be forced into restructuring, bankruptcy or liquidation.
Risks related to our business and industry.
Our business may be adversely affected by factors that disrupt or deter travel.
Our success and profitability depend, in substantial part, upon the health of the worldwide vacation ownership, vacation rental and travel industries, and may be adversely affected by a number of factors that can disrupt or deter travel. A substantial amount of our sales activity occurs at our resorts, and sales volume is affected by the number of visitors at our resorts. Fear of exposure to contagious illnesses, such as COVID-19 or other diseases, or natural or man-made disasters, and the physical effects of climate change, such as more frequent or severe storms, droughts, hurricanes and flooding, have caused and may continue to cause travelers to delay or cancel travel plans, including tours at our resorts, with greater frequency. Other factors such as weakened consumer confidence, limited availability of consumer credit and damage to infrastructure caused by natural or man-made disasters or other causes that impede travel have caused, and may in the future cause, travelers to delay or cancel plans to tour or visit our resorts. For example, hurricanes have caused a number of Interval International exchange network resorts and our managed vacation ownership resorts to close for prolonged periods. Actual or threatened war, civil unrest and terrorist activity, as well as heightened travel security measures instituted in response to the same, could also interrupt or deter travel plans. In addition, demand for our products and services may decrease if the cost of travel, including the cost of transportation and fuel, increases, airlift to vacation destinations decreases, or if general economic conditions decline.
Our ability to process exchanges for members and to find purchasers and renters for accommodations we market or manage, as well as the need for the vacation rental and property management services we provide, largely depends on the continued desirability of the key vacation destinations in which our branded, managed or exchange properties are concentrated. Changes in the desirability of the destinations where these resorts are located and changes in vacation and travel patterns may adversely affect our cash flows, revenue and profits.
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Our results of operations can be adversely affected by labor shortages, turnover and labor cost increases.
A number of factors may adversely affect the labor force available or increase labor costs from time to time, such as high employment levels, federal unemployment subsidies, including unemployment benefits offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and other government regulations. In 2021, we observed an overall tightening and increasingly competitive labor market. A sustained labor shortage or increased turnover rates within our employee base, whether due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or as a result of general macroeconomic factors, could lead to increased costs, such as increased overtime to meet demand and increased wage rates to attract and retain employees, and could negatively affect our ability to efficiently operate our business. If we are unable to hire and retain employees capable of performing at a high level, our business could be adversely affected.
Significant inflation, higher interest rates or deflation could adversely affect our business and financial results.
Inflation can adversely affect us by increasing the costs of development or other corporate capital expenditures, materials and labor, and interest rates. All of these factors can have a negative impact on the affordability of our products and services. In a high inflationary environment, we may be unable to raise the price of our products and services in a proportional manner, which could reduce our profit margins. In addition, our cost of capital, labor and materials can increase, which could have an adverse impact on our business or financial results.
Alternatively, deflation could cause an overall decrease in spending and borrowing capacity, which could lead to a deterioration of economic conditions and employment levels. Deflation could also cause the value of our products and services to decline. These, or other factors that increase the risk of significant deflation, could have a negative impact on our business or financial results.
Our business is extensively regulated, and any failure to comply with applicable laws could materially adversely affect our business.
We are subject to a wide variety of highly complex international, national, federal, state, and local laws, regulations and policies. The vacation ownership industry is subject to extensive regulation around the world. Each jurisdiction where we operate generally requires resort developers to follow a set of specific procedures to develop, sell and market vacation interests. Our real estate development activities, marketing and sales activities, lending activities and resort management activities are also heavily regulated. In addition, myriad laws, regulations and policies impact multiple areas of our business, such as those regulating the sale and offer of securities, anti-discrimination, anti-fraud, data protection, anti-corruption and bribery or implementing government economic sanctions.
Complying with the intricate and multifaceted regulatory structures applicable to our businesses across the globe is complicated, constantly evolving, time-consuming and costly. We may not be able to successfully comply with all laws, regulations and policies to which we are subject. These laws, regulations and policies may change or be subject to different interpretation in the future, including in ways that could decrease demand for our services, increase costs, and subject us to additional liabilities. Failure to comply could have a material adverse effect on our business. For example, failure to comply with applicable law could result in the loss of licenses or registrations we must have in order to operate our business, render sales contracts for our products void or voidable, subject us to fines or other sanctions, and increase our exposure to litigation. Adverse action by governmental authorities or others alleging our failure to comply with applicable laws could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and reputation.
Changes in privacy laws could adversely affect our ability to market our products effectively.
We rely on a variety of direct marketing techniques, including telemarketing, email marketing and postal mailings. Adoption of new laws, or changes in existing laws, in any of the jurisdictions in which we operate regulating marketing and solicitation or data protection could adversely affect the effectiveness of our marketing strategies. If we are not able to develop adequate alternative marketing strategies, our sales may be adversely affected. We also obtain access to potential customers from travel service providers and other companies with whom we have relationships. If our access to these third-party customer lists was prohibited or restricted, our ability to develop new customers and introduce our products to them could be impaired.
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Failure to maintain the integrity of internal or customer data or to protect our systems from cyber-attacks could disrupt our business, damage our reputation, and subject us to costs, fines or lawsuits.
We collect large volumes of data, including social security numbers and other personally identifiable information of our customers and employees, and retain it in our information systems and those of our service providers. It is critical that we maintain the integrity of and protect this data, which we rely on to make business decisions and which our customers and employees expect that we will protect. The regulatory environment in the jurisdictions where we operate and the requirements imposed on us by the payment card industry regarding information, security and privacy is increasingly demanding. Many of the laws applicable to us in different jurisdictions vary from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts. Our efforts to comply with these requirements may require significant additional resources and time and may not be successful.
We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to enhance the security of our data. Our information systems and records, including those we maintain with our service providers or licensors, may be subject to security breaches, cyber-attack or cyber-intrusion, system failures, viruses, operator error or inadvertent releases of data. Data breaches have increased in recent years as the number, intensity and sophistication of attacks have increased. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time. Neither we nor our service providers may be able to prevent, detect and contain unauthorized activity and misuse or human errors compromising the efficacy of security measures. A breach in the security of our information systems or those of our service providers or licensors could lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems, resulting in operational inefficiencies and a loss of profits. A significant cyber-attack or theft, loss, or fraudulent use of our customer, employee or company data could adversely impact our reputation and result in remedial and other expenses, fines or litigation.
We and the companies we work with have experienced cyber security threats to our data and systems, including ransomware and other forms of malware and computer virus attacks, unauthorized access, systems failures and temporary disruptions. We have experienced cyber incidents in the past, and have previously disclosed those with material operational or financial implications to the Company or our stakeholders. Routinely, we partner with and use third-party service providers and products that host, manage, or control sensitive data. The failure of any such service providers or products to comply with our privacy policies or privacy laws and regulations, or any unauthorized release of personally identifiable information or other user data, could damage our reputation, discourage potential users from trying our products and services, breach certain agreements under which we have obligations with respect to network security, and/or result in fines and/or proceedings against us by governmental agencies, service providers and/or consumers. Any of the foregoing could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our international operations expose us to risks that could lower our profits or disrupt our business.
Our international operations expose us to a number of additional risks, any of which could reduce our profits or disrupt our business, such as: compliance with laws of non-U.S. jurisdictions, including foreign ownership restrictions, import and export controls, and trade restrictions, and U.S. laws affecting our activities outside of the U.S.; anti-American sentiment; political or civil unrest and terrorism; difficulties of managing operations in many different countries; local economic risks; foreign currency exchange risks; and uncertainty as to the enforceability of contract and intellectual property rights under local laws.
Inadequate or failed technologies could lead to interruptions in our operations and materially adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Our operations and competitive position depend on our ability to maintain existing systems and implement new technologies. Our information technology systems and our databases are potentially susceptible to manmade and natural disasters, as well as power losses, computer and telecommunications failures, technological breakdowns, cyber-attacks, acts of war or terrorism and other events. System interruption, delays, obsolescence, loss of critical data and lack of integration and redundancy in our information technology systems and infrastructure may adversely affect our ability to provide services, operate websites, process and fulfill transactions, respond to customer inquiries and generally maintain cost-efficient operations. Our backup systems only relate to certain aspects of our operations; these systems are not fully redundant and disaster recovery planning is not sufficient for all eventualities. Projects to upgrade or replace our technologies may be extremely complex and require significant resources and time. We may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a major interruption. If our information technology systems fail to adequately support our strategic, operational or compliance needs, our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows may be adversely affected, as well as our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting.
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Spanish court rulings voiding certain timeshare contracts have increased our exposure to litigation that may materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.
A series of Spanish court rulings that, since 2015, have voided certain timeshare contracts has increased our exposure to litigation that may materially adversely affect our business and financial condition. These rulings voided certain timeshare contracts entered into after January 1999 related to certain resorts in Spain if a resort’s timeshare structure did not meet requirements prescribed by Spanish timeshare laws enacted in 1998, even if the structure was lawful prior to 1998 and adapted pursuant to mechanisms specified in the 1998 laws. These rulings have led to an increase in lawsuits by owners seeking to void timeshare contracts in Spain, including certain contracts at certain of our resorts in Spain. If additional owners at our resorts in Spain file similar lawsuits, this may: void certain of those owners’ timeshare contracts; cause us to incur material litigation and other costs, including judgment or settlement payments; and materially adversely affect the results of operation of our Vacation Ownership segment, as well as our business and financial condition. The increased ability for owners of Spanish timeshares to void their contracts is negatively impacting other developers with resorts in Spain, which may lead to a significant decrease in the number of resorts located in Spain in the Interval International network and the loss of members who own VOIs at those resorts.
The industries in which our businesses operate are competitive, which may impact our ability to compete successfully.
Our businesses will be adversely impacted if they cannot compete effectively in their respective industries, each of which is highly competitive. A number of highly competitive companies participate in the vacation ownership industry. Our brands compete with the vacation ownership brands of major hotel chains in national and international venues, as well as with the vacation rental options (such as hotels, resorts and condominium rentals) offered by the lodging industry. Our competitors may have greater access to capital resources and broader marketing, sales and distribution capabilities than we do. Competitive pressures may cause us to reduce our fee structure or potentially modify our business models, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our principal exchange network administered by Interval International included nearly 3,200 resorts located in over 90 nations as of December 31, 2021. Interval International’s primary competitor, RCI, has a greater number of affiliated resorts than we have. Through the resources of its corporate affiliates, particularly, Travel + Leisure Co., engaged in vacation ownership sales, RCI may have greater access to a significant segment of new vacation ownership purchasers and a broader platform for participating in industry consolidation. In addition, Interval International competes with developers that create, operate and expand internal exchange and vacation club systems, which decreases their reliance on external vacation ownership exchange programs, including those we offer, and adversely impacts the supply of resort accommodations available through our external exchange networks. The effects of such competition on our exchange business are more pronounced as the proportion of vacation club corporate members in the Interval International network increases.
Our businesses also compete for leisure travelers with other leisure lodging operators, including both independent and branded properties, as well as with alternative lodging marketplaces, which operate websites that market furnished, privately-owned residential properties throughout the world which can be rented on a nightly, weekly or monthly basis.
Negative public perception regarding our industry could have an adverse effect on our operations.
Negative public perception regarding our industry resulting from, among other things, consumer complaints regarding sales and marketing practices, consumer financing arrangements, and restrictions on exit related to our products, as well as negative comments on social media, could result in increased regulatory scrutiny, which could result in reputational damage, more onerous laws, regulations, guidelines and enforcement interpretations in jurisdictions in which we operate. These actions may lead to operational delays or restrictions, as well as increased operating costs, regulatory burdens and risk of litigation.
Changes in tax regulations or their interpretation could reduce our profits or increase our costs.
Changes in tax and other revenue raising laws, regulations and policies in the jurisdictions where we do business could impose new restrictions, costs or prohibitions on our practices and reduce our profits. In addition, interpretation of tax regulations requires us to exercise our judgment and taxing authorities or our independent registered public accounting firm may reach conclusions about the application of such regulations that differ from our conclusions. Our effective tax rate reflects the fact that income earned and reinvested outside the U.S. is generally taxed at local rates that can be lower than U.S. tax rates or based on a different tax base than U.S. jurisdictions, as well as our ability to carry forward losses in certain jurisdictions from prior years to offset future profits. Changes to U.S. or international tax laws, regulations or interpretations could impact the tax treatment of our earnings and adversely affect our profitability. For example, if such changes significantly increase the tax rates on non-U.S. income, our effective tax rate could increase, our profits could be reduced, and if such increases were a result of our status as a U.S. corporation, we could be placed at a disadvantage to our non-U.S. competitors that are subject to lower local tax rates.
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We are subject to audit in various jurisdictions, and these jurisdictions may assess additional taxes against us. Developments in an audit, litigation, or laws, regulations, administrative practices, principles, and interpretations could have a material effect on our operating results or cash flows. The final outcome of tax audits, investigations, and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical tax provisions and accruals.
Concentration of some of our resorts, sales centers and exchange destinations in particular geographic areas exposes our business to the effects of severe weather and other regional events in these areas.
Our business is susceptible to the effects of natural or man-made disasters, including earthquakes, windstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, drought, fires, oil spills and nuclear incidents, in the areas where some of our resorts, sales centers and exchange destinations are concentrated, such as Florida, California, South Carolina and Hawaii. For example, properties in these markets have had to close in the past in order to repair damage caused by disasters. Depending on the severity of future disasters, the resulting damage could require closure of all or substantially all of our properties in one or more of these markets while we complete renovations. Our insurance may not cover all damages caused by any such event, including the loss of sales of VOIs at sales centers that are not fully operational. In addition, insurance costs may increase and coverage levels may decrease for properties in these areas as a result of the number and magnitude of recent natural disasters in these areas.
Our business is also susceptible to the effects of adverse economic developments in these areas, such as regional economic downturns, significant increases in the number of our competitors’ products in these markets and potentially higher labor, real estate, tax or other costs in these geographic markets. Because of this geographic concentration of properties, we face a greater risk of a negative effect on our revenues and profits if these areas are affected by severe weather, man-made disasters or adverse economic and competitive conditions.
If we are not able to successfully identify, finance, integrate and/or manage costs related to acquisitions, our business operations and financial position could be adversely affected.
We have expanded in part through acquisitions of other businesses and may continue to do so in the future. Our acquisition strategy depends on our ability to identify, and the availability of, suitable acquisition candidates. We may incur costs in connection with proposed acquisitions, but may ultimately be unable or unwilling to consummate any particular proposed transaction for various reasons. In addition, acquisitions involve numerous risks, including risks that we will not be able to: successfully integrate acquired businesses in an efficient and cost-effective manner; achieve anticipated benefits of an acquisition, including expected synergies; control potential increases in operating costs; manage geographically remote operations; successfully expand our system of internal controls or our technological infrastructure to include an acquired business; avoid potential disruptions in ongoing operations during an acquisition process or integration efforts; successfully enter markets in which we have limited or no direct experience, including foreign markets whose practices or laws may pose increased risk; and retain key employees, clients, vendors and business partners of the acquired companies. Failure to achieve the anticipated benefits of any acquisition may adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and prospects. Acquisitions may also significantly increase our debt or result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, write-offs of goodwill or substantial amortization expenses associated with other intangible assets.
Our use of different estimates and assumptions in the application of our accounting policies could result in material changes to our reported financial condition and results of operations, and changes in accounting standards or their interpretation could significantly impact our reported results of operations.
Our accounting policies are critical to the manner in which we present our results of operations and financial condition. Many of these policies, including policies relating to the recognition of revenue and determination of cost of sales, are highly complex and involve many assumptions, estimates and judgments. We are required to review these assumptions, estimates and judgments regularly and revise them when necessary. Our actual results of operations vary from period to period based on revisions to these estimates. For example, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we increased our sales reserve due to higher default expectations and revised our estimates of the fair value of our reporting units, resulting in the impairment of goodwill. In addition, the regulatory bodies that establish accounting and reporting standards, including the SEC and the Financial Accounting Standards Board, periodically revise or issue new financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Changes to these standards or their interpretation could significantly impact our reported results in future periods. See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for more information regarding changes in accounting standards that we recently adopted or expect to adopt in the future.
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The growth of our business and execution of our business strategies depend on the services of our senior management and our associates.
Our business is based on successfully attracting and retaining talented associates. The market for highly skilled associates and leaders in our industry is extremely competitive. If we are less successful in our recruiting efforts, or if we are unable to retain management and other key associates, our ability to develop and deliver successful products and services may be adversely affected. Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success. The departure of a key executive or associate and/or the failure to ensure an effective transfer of knowledge and a smooth transition upon such departure may be disruptive to the business and could hinder our strategic planning and execution.
Increasing scrutiny and evolving expectations from customers, regulators, investors, and other stakeholders with respect to our environmental, social and governance practices may impose additional costs on us or expose us to new or additional risks.
Companies are facing increasing scrutiny from customers, regulators, investors and other stakeholders related to their environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) practices and disclosure. Investor advocacy groups, investment funds and influential investors are also increasingly focused on these practices, especially as they relate to the environment, health and safety, board and workforce diversity, labor conditions and human rights. Increased ESG-related compliance costs could result in increases to our overall operational costs. Failure to adapt to or comply with regulatory requirements or investor or stakeholder expectations and standards could negatively impact our reputation, ability to do business with certain partners, and stock price. New government regulations could also result in new or more stringent forms of ESG oversight and expanding mandatory and voluntary reporting, diligence, and disclosure.
Risks related to our vacation ownership business.
The termination of our license agreements with Marriott International or Hyatt, or our rights to use their trademarks at our existing or future properties, could materially harm our business.
Our success depends, in part, on our relationships with Marriott International and Hyatt. These relationships are governed by various agreements, including long-term license agreements that expire between 2090 and 2095, subject to renewal. However, if we breach our obligations under a license agreement, the applicable licensor may be entitled to terminate the license agreement and our rights to use its brands in connection with our businesses. In addition, if any of our properties does not meet applicable brand standards, the applicable licensor can terminate our right to use its trademarks at the subject properties.
The termination of our license agreements with Marriott International or its affiliates would materially harm our business and results of operations and materially impair our ability to market and sell our products and maintain our competitive position, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Our inability to rely on the strength of the Marriott, Sheraton and/or Westin brands to attract qualified prospects in the marketplace would likely cause our revenue and profits to decline and our marketing and sales expenses to increase. Our inability to market to guests in hotels affiliated with our licensors that are located near one of our sales locations or maintain our marketing partnerships with North American Marriott International reservation centers would cause our sales to decline, which could adversely affect our financial condition and result of operations. In addition, we would not be able to use the brand websites as channels through which to rent available inventory, which would cause our rental revenue to decline materially.
Our license agreements also allow us to offer points to members of the loyalty programs associated with the Marriott, Sheraton, Westin and Hyatt brands, which provides us with the opportunity to market directly to these members. The termination of the license agreements with Marriott International or Hyatt would eliminate this valuable marketing channel.
We must also obtain the applicable licensor’s consent to use its trademarks in connection with properties we acquire or develop in the future. If our licensors do not consent to such use, our ability to expand our business and remain competitive may be materially adversely affected.
Deterioration in the quality or reputation of the brands associated with our portfolio could adversely affect our market share, reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
We offer vacation ownership products and services under the Marriott, Sheraton, Westin, The Ritz-Carlton, and Hyatt brands. Our success depends in part on the continued success of Marriott International and Hyatt and their respective brands. If market recognition or the positive perception of Marriott International and/or Hyatt is reduced or compromised, the goodwill associated with these brands may be adversely affected, which may adversely affect our market share, reputation, business, financial condition or results of operations. The positioning and offerings of any of these brands and/or their related customer loyalty programs could change in a manner that adversely affects our business.
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Marriott International could compete with our vacation ownership business in the future.
Under the license agreement with Marriott International, if other international hotel operators offer new products and services as part of their respective hotel businesses that may directly compete with our vacation ownership products and services, then Marriott International may also offer such new products and services, and use its trademarks in connection with such offers. If Marriott International offers new vacation ownership products and services under its trademarks, it may compete directly with our vacation ownership products and services, and we may not be able to distinguish our vacation ownership products and services from those offered by Marriott International. Our ability to remain competitive and to attract and retain owners depends on our success in distinguishing the quality and value of our products and services from those offered by others. If we cannot compete successfully in these areas, this could limit our operating margins, diminish our market share and reduce our earnings.
If a branded hotel property co-located with one of our resorts ceases to be affiliated with the same brand as our resort or a related brand, our business could be harmed.
Approximately 20% of our Vacation Ownership segment resorts are co-located with same-branded hotel properties. If a branded hotel property with which one of our resorts is co-located ceases to be operated by or affiliated with the same brand as our resort, which has happened in the past, we could lose benefits such as sharing amenities, infrastructure and staff, integration of services, and other cost efficiencies. Our owners could lose access to the more varied and elaborate amenities that are generally available at the larger campus of an integrated vacation ownership and hotel resort. We expect our overhead and operating costs for such resorts would increase. We could also lose our on-site access to hotel customers, including brand customer loyalty program members, at such resorts, which is a cost-effective marketing channel for our vacation ownership products, and our sales may decline.
We may not have inventory available for sale when needed or we may have excess inventory.
We may enter into capital-efficient transactions to source inventory in which third parties agree to deliver completed units to us at pre-agreed prices in the future. These transactions expose us to additional risk as we will not control development activities or timing of development completion. If our counterparties default on their obligations, or exercise their right to sell inventory to a different buyer, we may not acquire the inventory we expect on time or at all, or it may not be within agreed upon specifications. If we cannot obtain inventory from alternative sources on a timely basis, we may not be able to achieve sales forecasts. Conversely, if we procure or commit to procure inventory based on an expected sales plan and fail to achieve that plan, we could have excess inventory, potentially negatively impacting our profit margins.
The sale of vacation ownership interests in the secondary market by existing owners could cause our sales revenues and profits to decline.
Sales of VOIs by existing owners, which are typically at lower prices than the prices at which we would sell interests, can create pricing pressure on our sale of vacation ownership products and cause our sales revenues and profits to decline. In addition, unlawful or deceptive third-party VOI resale schemes involving interests in our resorts could damage our reputation and brand value and adversely impact our sales revenues. Development of a more robust secondary market may also cause the volume of lower-cost VOI inventory that we are able to repurchase to supplement our inventory needs to decline, which could adversely impact our development margin.
Purchaser defaults on the vacation ownership notes receivable our business generates could reduce our revenues, cash flows and profits.
In connection with our vacation ownership business, we provide loans to purchasers to finance their purchase of VOIs. Accordingly, we are subject to the risk that purchasers of our VOIs may default on the financing that we provide. The risk of purchaser defaults may increase due to man-made or natural disasters, which cause financial hardship for purchasers. The risk of purchaser defaults may also increase if we do not evaluate accurately the creditworthiness of the customers to whom we extend financing or due to the influence of timeshare relief firms. Purchaser defaults have caused, and may continue to cause, us to foreclose on vacation ownership notes receivable and reclaim ownership of the financed interests, both for loans that we have not securitized and in our role as servicer for the vacation ownership notes receivable we have securitized through the ABS market or the Warehouse Credit Facility. If default rates for our borrowers increase, we have been required, and may in the future be required, to increase our reserve on vacation ownership notes receivable.
If default rates increase beyond current projections and result in higher than expected foreclosure activity, our results of operations could be adversely affected. Purchaser defaults could impact our ability to secure ABS or warehouse credit facility financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. In addition, the transactions in which we have securitized vacation ownership notes receivable contain certain portfolio performance requirements related to default and delinquency rates, which, if not met, would result in loss or disruption of cash flow until portfolio performance sufficiently improves to satisfy the requirements. Also, if a purchaser of a VOI defaults on the related loan during the early part of the amortization period, we may not have recovered the marketing, selling and general and administrative costs associated with the sale of that VOI. If we are
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unable to recover any of the principal amount of the loan from a defaulting purchaser, or if the allowances for losses from such defaults are inadequate, the revenues and profits that we derive from the vacation ownership business could be reduced.
Our points-based product forms expose us to an increased risk of temporary inventory depletion.
Selling VOIs in a system of resorts under a points-based business model increases the risk of temporary inventory depletion. Currently, our VOI sales are made primarily through a limited number of trust entities that issue VOIs. This structure can lead to a temporary depletion of inventory available for sale caused by: (1) delayed delivery of inventory under construction by us or third parties; (2) delayed receipt of required governmental registrations of inventory for sale; and (3) significant unanticipated increases in sales pace. If the inventory available for sale for a particular trust were to be depleted before new inventory is added and available for sale, we would be required to temporarily suspend sales until inventory is replenished or shift to selling an alternative product which may increase marketing and sales costs and lower VPG. Our efforts to avoid the risk of temporary inventory depletion by maintaining a surplus supply of completed inventory based on our forecasted sales pace, and by employing other mitigation strategies such as accelerating completion of resorts under construction, acquiring VOIs on the secondary market, or reducing sales pace by adjusting prices or sales incentives, may not be successful. A depletion of VOI inventory could decrease our financing revenues generated from purchasers of VOIs and fee revenues generated by providing club, management, exchange, sales, and marketing services. In addition, any temporary suspension of sales due to lack of inventory could reduce our cash flow and have a negative impact on our results of operations.
Our development activities expose us to project cost and completion risks.
Our project development activities entail risks that may cause project delays or increased project costs and therefore may adversely impact our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, including:
•construction delays or cost overruns;
•shortages of skilled labor;
•claims for construction defects, including claims by purchasers and owners’ associations;
•the discovery of hazardous or toxic substances, or other environmental, culturally-sensitive, or related issues;
•an inability to timely obtain required governmental permits and authorizations;
•compliance with zoning, building codes and other local regulations;
•performance by third parties involved in the financing and development of our projects;
•the cost or availability of raw materials; and
•interference of weather-related, geological or other events, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, fires, and volcanic eruptions.
Our resort management business may be adversely affected by the loss of management contracts, failure of resorts to comply with brand standards, increased maintenance fees and disagreements with owners.
Owners of our VOIs are required to pay maintenance fees to maintain and refurbish the vacation ownership properties and keep them in compliance with brand standards. If a resort fails to comply with applicable brand standards, the applicable licensor could terminate our rights to use its trademarks at the resort, which would result in the loss of management fees, decreased customer satisfaction, and impairment of our ability to market and sell our products at the non-compliant locations. Increases in maintenance fees to keep pace with maintenance and other costs may make our products less desirable, which could negatively impact sales and cause an increase in defaults on our vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio. If the owners’ associations that we manage are unable to collect sufficient maintenance fees to cover operating and maintenance costs, the related resorts may have to close or file for bankruptcy, which may result in termination of our management agreements. We may also lose resort management contracts if they are not renewed when they expire, or the contract terms may be renegotiated in a manner adverse to us. The loss or renegotiation of a significant number of our management contracts may adversely affect our cash flows, revenues and profits.
From time to time, disagreements arise between us and the owners of VOIs and owners’ associations. For example, owners of our VOIs have disagreed, and may in the future disagree, with changes we make to our products or programs. Sometimes, disagreements with VOI owners and owners’ associations result in litigation and/or the loss of management contracts. If any such litigation results in a significant adverse judgment or settlement, we could suffer significant losses, our profits could be reduced, our reputation could be harmed and our future ability to operate our business could be constrained.
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Damage to, or other potential losses involving, properties that we own or manage may not be covered by insurance.
Market forces beyond our control may limit the scope of the insurance coverage we can obtain or our ability to obtain coverage at reasonable rates. Certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, or terrorist acts, may be uninsurable or the price of coverage for such losses may be too expensive to justify obtaining insurance. The effects of climate change, such as increased storm intensity and rising sea levels over time, may also increase the cost of property insurance and decrease our coverage levels. In addition, in the event of a substantial loss, the insurance coverage we carry may not be sufficient to pay the full market value or replacement cost of our lost investment or that of owners of VOIs or in some cases may not provide a recovery for any part of a loss due to deductible limits, policy limits, coverage limits or other factors. As a result, we could lose some or all of the capital we have invested in a property, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the property, and we could remain obligated under guarantees or other financial obligations related to the property. In addition, we could lose the management contract for the property and, to the extent such property operates under a licensed brand, the property may lose operating rights under the associated brand.
Risks related to our exchange and third-party management business.
Our Exchange & Third-Party Management business depends on relationships with developers, members and others, and any adverse changes in these relationships could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our Interval International business depends on vacation ownership developers for new members and on members and participants to renew their existing memberships and otherwise engage in transactions. Developers and members also supply resort accommodations for use in exchanges and Getaways. Our vacation rental business depends on vacation property and hotel owners for vacation properties to rent to vacationers.
If we are unable to negotiate new affiliation agreements with resort developers or secure renewals with existing members or developers in our Interval International network, as has occurred in the past, the number of new and/or existing members, the supply of resort accommodations available through our exchange networks and related revenue will decrease. The failure to secure the renewal of affiliation agreements with developers with corporate member relationships, where the developer renews Interval International membership fees for all of its active owners, has a greater adverse effect. The loss or renegotiation on less favorable terms of several of our largest affiliation agreements could materially impact our financial condition and results of operations. Our ability to maintain affiliation agreements with resort developers is also impacted by consolidation in the vacation ownership industry.
In addition, we depend on third parties to make certain benefits available to members of the Interval International exchange network. The loss of such benefits could result in a decrease in the number of Interval International members, which could have a materially adversely effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Similarly, the failure of our third-party management businesses to maintain existing or negotiate new management agreements with hotel and owners’ associations, as a result of the sale of property to third parties, contract disputes or otherwise, or the failure of vacationers to book vacation rentals through these businesses would result in a decrease in related revenue, which would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Insufficient availability of exchange inventory may adversely affect our profits.
Our exchange networks’ transaction levels depend on the supply of inventory in the system and demand for the available inventory. Exchange inventory is deposited in the system by members, or by developers on behalf of members, to support current or anticipated exchanges. Inventory supply and demand for specific regions and on a broader scope is influenced by a variety of factors, such as: economic conditions; health and safety concerns, including concerns and travel restrictions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic; the occurrence or threat of natural disasters and severe weather; and owner decisions to travel to their home resort/vacation club system or otherwise not deposit exchange inventory. The factors that affect demand for specific destinations could significantly reduce the number of accommodations available in such areas for exchanges. The level of inventory in our system also depends on the number of developers whose resorts are in our exchange networks, and the numbers of members of such resorts. The number of developers affiliated with our exchange networks may decrease for a variety of reasons, such as consolidation and contraction in the industry and competition. If inventory supply and demand do not keep pace, transactions may decrease or we may purchase additional inventory to fulfill the demand, both of which could negatively affect our profits.
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Risks related to our indebtedness.
Our indebtedness may restrict our operations.
As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $2.8 billion of total corporate indebtedness outstanding and could borrow an additional $598 million under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility. The credit agreement that governs the Corporate Credit Facility and the indentures that govern the various senior notes impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us, which among other things limit our ability and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to incur debt, pay dividends and make other restricted payments, make loans and investments, incur liens, sell assets, enter into affiliate transactions, enter into agreements restricting certain subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends and consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of their assets. All of these covenants and restrictions limit how we conduct our business. The Corporate Credit Facility also requires us to maintain a specified leverage ratio. These restrictions could restrict our flexibility to react to changes in our businesses, industries and economic conditions and increase borrowing costs.
We must dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to debt servicing and repayment of debt, which reduces funds available for strategic initiatives and opportunities, dividends, share repurchases, working capital, and other general corporate needs. It also increases our vulnerability to the impact of adverse economic and industry conditions.
If we are unable to comply with our debt agreements, or to raise additional capital when needed, our business, cash flow, liquidity, and results of operations could be harmed.
Our ability to make scheduled cash payments on and to refinance our indebtedness depends on our ability to generate significant operating cash flow in the future, which, to a significant extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a sufficient level of cash flow from operating activities to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.
In addition, our credit ratings will impact the cost and availability of future borrowings and, accordingly, our cost of capital. Downgrades in our ratings could adversely affect our businesses, cash flows, financial condition, operating results and share and debt prices, as well as our obligations with respect to our capital efficient inventory acquisitions.
Failure to make scheduled cash payments on our existing debt, or to comply with the restrictive covenants and other requirements in our debt agreements, could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could result in acceleration of our debt obligations. We may not have sufficient cash to repay any accelerated debt obligations, which would immediately and materially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may be required to raise additional capital to refinance our existing debt, or to expand or support our operations. Our access to and cost of financing will depend on, among other things, global economic conditions, conditions in the global financing markets, the availability of sufficient amounts of financing, our prospects and our credit ratings, and the outlook for our industry as a whole. The terms of future debt agreements could include more restrictive covenants or require incremental collateral, which may further restrict our business operations or adversely affect our ability to obtain additional financing. There is no guarantee that debt or equity financings will be available in the future on terms favorable to us or at all. If we are unable to access additional funds on acceptable terms, we may have to adjust our business operations, and our ability to acquire additional vacation ownership inventory, repurchase VOIs, or make other investments in our business could be impaired, any of which may adversely affect our cash flows, revenues and profits.
We may incur substantially more debt, which could exacerbate further the risks associated with our leverage.
We and our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, including secured indebtedness, as well as obligations that do not constitute indebtedness as defined in our debt agreements. To the extent that we and our subsidiaries incur additional indebtedness or such other obligations, the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness described above will increase.
If the default rates or other credit metrics underlying our vacation ownership notes receivable deteriorate, our vacation ownership notes receivable securitization program and VOI financing program could be adversely affected.
Our vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio performance and securitization program could be adversely affected if any vacation ownership notes receivable pool fails to meet certain ratios, which could occur if the default rates or other credit metrics of the underlying vacation ownership notes receivable deteriorate. Default rates may deteriorate due to many different reasons, including those beyond our control, such as financial hardship of purchasers. In addition, if we offer loans to our customers with terms longer than those generally offered in the industry, our ability to securitize those loans may be adversely impacted. Instability in the credit markets may impact the timing and volume of the vacation ownership notes receivable that we are able to securitize, as well as the financial terms of such securitizations. If ABS issued in our securitization programs are downgraded by credit agencies in the future, our ability to complete securitization transactions on acceptable terms or at all could be jeopardized, and we could be forced to rely on other potentially more expensive and less attractive funding sources, to the extent available.
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We are subject to risks relating to our convertible notes.
Holders of our convertible notes may convert the convertible notes after the occurrence of certain dates or events. See Footnote 16 “Debt,” to our Financial Statements for additional information. If any holders elect to convert their convertible notes, we may elect to settle all or a portion of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity.
The way we account for our convertible notes may impact our reported or future financial results and the market price of our common stock. For example, the application of current accounting standards results in our reporting lower net income (or greater net loss) in our financial results because interest must include both the current period’s amortization of the debt discount and the instrument’s coupon interest. See Footnote 16 “Debt” and Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding current and pending methods of accounting for our convertible notes, respectively.
We are subject to risks relating to the convertible note hedges and warrants.
In connection with the convertible notes, we entered into privately negotiated convertible note hedges to reduce potential dilution to our common stock and/or offset cash payments we must make in excess of the principal amount, in each case, upon any conversion of convertible notes. We also issued warrants to the hedge counterparties. The warrants could have a dilutive effect on our shares of common stock to the extent that the market price per share exceeds the applicable strike price of the warrants on one or more of the applicable expiration dates.
In connection with establishing their initial hedges of the convertible note hedges and the warrants, the hedge counterparties and/or their respective affiliates advised us that they expected to purchase shares of our common stock in secondary market transactions and/or enter into various derivative transactions with respect to our common stock. These parties may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or buying or selling our common stock in the secondary market. Any of these activities could cause or prevent an increase or a decline in the market price of our common stock.
We are subject to the risk that one or more of the hedge counterparties may default under the convertible note hedges. If any of the hedge counterparties become subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under our transactions with such counterparties. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, the increase in our exposure will be correlated to the increase in the market price and in the volatility of our common stock. In addition, upon a default by a hedge counterparty, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and more dilution than we currently anticipate with respect to our common stock.
We may be adversely affected by changes in LIBOR reporting practices.
As of December 31, 2021, approximately $784 million of our gross aggregate consolidated indebtedness was indexed to the USD London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and we were party to $550 million of derivative instruments indexed to LIBOR. In addition, funding costs related to our $600 million Revolving Corporate Credit Facility and $350 million Warehouse Credit Facility, which were both undrawn at December 31, 2021 except for $2 million in letters of credit outstanding, are generally indexed to LIBOR. The U.K. authority that regulates LIBOR announced that it will no longer permit new LIBOR contracts after December 31, 2021, and will not compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after June 2023. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the publication of such rates beyond June 2023. A committee convened by the U.S. Federal Reserve to oversee the transition process for LIBOR rates quoted in U.S. dollars recommended the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as the alternative to LIBOR rates quoted in U.S. dollars. Other authorities have recommended alternatives to LIBOR rates quoted in other currencies. The full impact of any transition away from LIBOR remains unclear and these changes may have a material adverse impact on the availability of financing, including LIBOR-based loans, and on our financing costs. To the extent our interest rates increase, our interest expense will increase, which could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Risks related to ownership of our common stock.
Our share repurchase program may not enhance long-term shareholder value and could increase the volatility of the market price of our common stock and diminish our cash.
Our share repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any shares of our common stock. The timing and amount of any repurchases depend upon several factors, including market conditions, business conditions, statutory and contractual restrictions, the trading price of our common stock and the nature of other investment opportunities available to us. In addition, repurchases of our common stock could affect our stock price and increase its volatility. The existence of a share repurchase program could cause our stock price to be higher than it would be absent the program and could reduce market liquidity for our stock. Use of our funds to repurchase shares could diminish our cash reserves, which may impact our ability to finance growth, pursue strategic opportunities, and discharge liabilities. Our share repurchases may not enhance shareholder
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value because the market price of our common stock may decline below the prices at which we repurchased shares and short-term stock price fluctuations could reduce the program’s effectiveness.
Our ability to pay dividends on our stock is limited.
We may not declare or pay dividends in the future at any particular rate or at all. Our Board of Directors makes all decisions regarding our payment of dividends, subject to an evaluation of our financial condition, results of operations and capital requirements, as well as applicable law, regulatory and contractual constraints, industry practice and other business considerations that our Board of Directors considers relevant. Certain of the agreements governing our indebtedness restrict our ability and/or the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends, and the terms of agreements governing debt that we may incur in the future may also limit or prohibit dividend payments. The payment of certain cash dividends may also result in an adjustment to the conversion rate of the Convertible Notes in a manner adverse to us. We may not have sufficient surplus under Delaware law to be able to pay any dividends, which may result from extraordinary cash expenses, actual expenses exceeding contemplated costs, funding of capital expenditures or increases in reserves.
Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents, Delaware law and in certain of our agreements could delay or prevent a change in control.
Provisions of our Charter and Bylaws, as well as provisions in the agreements with our licensors, may delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that a shareholder may consider favorable. For example, our Charter and Bylaws provide for a classified board, require advance notice for shareholder proposals and nominations, place limits on convening shareholder meetings and authorize our Board of Directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock. Delaware law also restricts some business combinations between any holder of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock and us. The fact that these provisions and statutory restrictions may discourage acquisition proposals or delay or prevent a change in control could harm our stock price. Delaware law also restricts some business combinations between any holder of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock and us.
Further, a change in control could result in an acceleration of our obligations under the Corporate Credit Facility or the indentures that govern our senior notes. The threat of our debt being accelerated in connection with a change in control could make it more difficult for us to attract potential buyers or to consummate a change in control transaction that would otherwise be beneficial to our stockholders.
Risks related to the Vistana Spin-Off.
The ILG Acquisition could result in material liability if it causes the Vistana Spin-Off to be taxable.
In connection with Vistana’s spin-off from Starwood and acquisition by ILG (the “Vistana Spin-Off”), ILG and Vistana entered into a Tax Matters Agreement that restricts them from actions or omissions that would cause the Vistana Spin-Off to become taxable. Failure to adhere to these restrictions, including in certain circumstances that may be outside of our control, could result in tax being imposed on Starwood or its shareholders for which we may be obligated to indemnify Starwood. Even if we are not responsible for such tax liabilities under the Tax Matters Agreement, we may be liable under applicable tax law for such liabilities if Starwood fails to pay such taxes. For two years after the Vistana Spin-Off, the Tax Matters Agreement prohibited Vistana and ILG from taking certain actions involving their stock or Vistana’s assets because the Vistana Spin-Off would be taxable to Starwood (but not to Starwood shareholders) pursuant to Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code if there was a direct or indirect 50% or greater change in Vistana’s ownership as part of a plan or series of related transactions including the Vistana Spin-Off. The Vistana acquisition was not expected to violate this rule because Starwood shareholders held over 50% by vote and value of ILG stock (and, thus, indirectly, of Vistana) immediately after the Vistana acquisition. However, the ILG Acquisition diluted the indirect ownership of Vistana by its former shareholders below 50%. We received an opinion from KPMG LLP that entering into the ILG Acquisition would not affect the tax-free status of the Vistana Spin-Off; however, this opinion does not bind the IRS or any court. If the IRS asserts that the ILG Acquisition is part of a plan or series of related transactions including the Vistana Spin-Off and the Vistana acquisition, and this assertion is sustained, the Vistana Spin-Off would be subject to the application of Section 355(e) of the Code, and we would be liable to indemnify Starwood (or Marriott International) for any resulting tax liability pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
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Item 2. Properties
As of December 31, 2021, our vacation ownership portfolio consisted of over 120 properties in the United States and thirteen other countries and territories. These properties are described in Part I, Item 1, “Business,” of this Annual Report. Except as indicated in Part I, Item 1, “Business,” we own all unsold inventory at these properties. We also own, manage or lease golf courses, fitness, spa and sports facilities, undeveloped and partially developed land and other common area assets at some of our resorts in our Vacation Ownership segment, including resort lobbies and food and beverage outlets.
In addition, we own or lease our regional offices and sales centers, both in the United States and internationally. The leases for our current corporate headquarters in Orlando, Florida are set to expire in 2027. In the first quarter of 2020, we entered into a lease agreement, that was amended during 2021, for our new global headquarters in Orlando, Florida, which is currently expected to be completed in 2023. See Footnote 14 “Leases” for additional information.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Currently, and from time to time, we are subject to claims in legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including, among others, the legal actions discussed under “Loss Contingencies” in Footnote 13 “Contingencies and Commitments” to our Financial Statements. While management presently believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not materially harm our financial position, cash flows, or overall trends in results of operations, legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and unfavorable rulings could, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Market Information and Dividends
Our common stock currently is traded on the New York Stock Exchange, or the “NYSE,” under the symbol “VAC.” We currently expect to pay quarterly cash dividends in the future, but any future dividend payments will be subject to Board approval, which will depend on our financial condition, results of operations and capital requirements, as well as applicable law, regulatory constraints, industry practice and other business considerations that our Board of Directors considers relevant. In addition, our Corporate Credit Facility and the indentures governing our senior notes contain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, and the terms of agreements governing any debt that we may incur in the future may also limit or prohibit the payment of dividends. The payment of certain cash dividends may also result in an adjustment to the conversion rate of our convertible notes in a manner adverse to us. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future at any particular rate or at all.
Holders of Record
On February 22, 2022, there were 24,618 holders of record of our common stock.
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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1) | Maximum Dollar Amount of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1) | |||||||||||||||||||
| October 1, 2021 – October 31, 2021 | 119,711 | $ | 157.78 | 119,711 | $ | 226,615,634 | |||||||||||||||||
| November 1, 2021 – November 30, 2021 | 100,047 | $ | 161.57 | 100,047 | $ | 210,451,495 | |||||||||||||||||
| December 1, 2021 – December 31, 2021 | 243,717 | $ | 156.56 | 243,717 | $ | 172,295,787 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 463,475 | $ | 157.96 | 463,475 | $ | 172,295,787 | |||||||||||||||||
(1)On September 10, 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which we may purchase shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price not to exceed $250 million, prior to December 31, 2022. Subsequent to the end of 2021, on February 18, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $300 million of our common stock, as well as the extension of the duration of our existing share repurchase program to March 31, 2023.
Performance Graph
The above graph compares the relative performance of our common stock, the S&P MidCap 400 Index (which has included our common stock since the acquisition of ILG), and the S&P Composite 1500 Hotels, Resorts & Cruise Lines Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested in our common stock and each index on December 30, 2016. The stock price performance reflected above is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. The foregoing performance graph is being furnished as part of this Annual Report solely in accordance with the requirement under Rule 14a-3(b)(9) to furnish our shareholders with such information, and therefore, shall not be deemed to be filed or incorporated by reference into any filings by the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
Item 6. Reserved
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
You should read the following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition together with our audited historical consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes that we have included elsewhere in this Annual Report, as well as the discussion in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Business.” This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on our current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those we discuss in the sections of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements.”
Our consolidated financial statements, which we discuss below, reflect our historical financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The financial information discussed below and included in this Annual Report may not, however, necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future.
Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2020 is included herein. Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2020 to fiscal year 2019 has been omitted from this Form 10-K and can be found in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2021.
Business Overview
We are a leading global vacation company that offers vacation ownership, exchange, rental, and resort and property management, along with related businesses, products and services. Our business operates in two reportable segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management.
Corporate and other represents that portion of our results that are not allocable to our segments, including those relating to Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.
COVID-19 Pandemic Update
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in international and U.S. economies and markets, and has also had an unprecedented impact on the travel industry and the Company. For further information about COVID-19’s impact on our business, see Part I, Item 1, “Business.”
Significant Accounting Policies Used in Describing Results of Operations
Sale of Vacation Ownership Products
We recognize revenues from the sale of VOIs when control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer and the transaction price is deemed collectible. Based upon the different terms of the contracts with the customer and business practices, control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer at closing for Marriott- and Welk-branded transactions and upon expiration of the statutory rescission period for Sheraton-, Westin- and Hyatt-branded transactions. Sales of vacation ownership products may be made for cash or we may provide financing. In addition, we recognize settlement fees associated with the transfer of vacation ownership products and commission revenues from sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third parties, which we refer to as “resales revenue.”
We also provide sales incentives to certain purchasers. These sales incentives typically include Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points or an alternative sales incentive that we refer to as “plus points.” These plus points are redeemable for stays at our resorts or for use in other third-party offerings, generally up to two years from the date of issuance. Typically, sales incentives are only awarded if the sale is closed.
Finally, as more fully described in “Financing” below, we record the difference between the vacation ownership note receivable and the consideration to which we expect to be entitled (also known as a vacation ownership notes receivable reserve or a sales reserve) as a reduction of revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products at the time we recognize revenues from a sale.
We report, on a supplemental basis, contract sales for our Vacation Ownership segment. Contract sales consist of the total amount of vacation ownership product sales under contract signed during the period where we have generally received a down payment of at least ten percent of the contract price, reduced by actual rescissions during the period, inclusive of contracts associated with sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third-parties, which we refer to as “resales contract sales.” In circumstances where a customer applies any or all of their existing ownership interests as part of the purchase price for additional interests, we include only the incremental value purchased as contract sales. Contract sales differ from revenues from
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the sale of vacation ownership products that we report on our income statements due to the requirements for revenue recognition described above. We consider contract sales to be an important operating measure because it reflects the pace of sales in our business.
Cost of vacation ownership products includes costs to develop and construct our projects (also known as real estate inventory costs), other non-capitalizable costs associated with the overall project development process and settlement expenses associated with the closing process. For each project, we expense real estate inventory costs in the same proportion as the revenue recognized. Consistent with the applicable accounting guidance, to the extent there is a change in the estimated sales revenues or inventory costs for the project in a period, a non-cash adjustment is recorded on our income statements to true-up costs in that period to those that would have been recorded historically if the revised estimates had been used. These true-ups, which we refer to as product cost true-up activity, can have a positive or negative impact on our income statements.
We refer to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products less the cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales costs as Development profit. Development profit margin is calculated by dividing Development profit by revenues from the Sale of vacation ownership products. We previously used the term Development margin to refer to revenues from the Sale of vacation ownership products less the Cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales costs. In the first quarter of 2021, we began to refer to this financial measure as Development profit. While the calculation remains unchanged, we believe the revised term better depicts the financial results being presented.
Management and Exchange
Our management and exchange revenues include revenues generated from fees we earn for managing each of our vacation ownership resorts, providing property management, owners’ association management and related services to third-party vacation ownership resorts and fees we earn for providing rental services and related hotel, condominium resort, and owners’ association management services to vacation property owners.
In addition, we earn revenue from ancillary offerings, including food and beverage outlets, golf courses and other retail and service outlets located at our Vacation Ownership resorts. We also receive annual membership fees, club dues and certain transaction-based fees from members, owners and other third parties.
Management and exchange expenses include costs to operate the food and beverage outlets and other ancillary operations and to provide overall customer support services, including reservations, and certain transaction-based expenses relating to external exchange service providers.
In our Vacation Ownership segment and Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, we refer to these activities as “Resort Management and Other Services.”
Financing
We offer financing to qualified customers for the purchase of most types of our vacation ownership products. The average FICO score of customers who were U.S. citizens or residents who financed a vacation ownership purchase was as follows:
| Fiscal Years | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Average FICO score | 732 | 730 | 736 | |||||||||||||||||
The typical financing agreement provides for monthly payments of principal and interest with the principal balance of the loan fully amortizing over the term of the related vacation ownership note receivable, which is generally ten to fifteen years. Included within our vacation ownership notes receivable are originated vacation ownership notes receivable and vacation ownership notes receivable acquired in connection with the ILG Acquisition and the Welk Acquisition.
The interest income earned from our vacation ownership financing arrangements is earned on an accrual basis on the principal balance outstanding over the contractual life of the arrangement and is recorded as Financing revenues on our Income Statements. Financing revenues also include fees earned from servicing the existing vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio. The amount of interest income earned in a period depends on the amount of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, which is impacted positively by the origination of new vacation ownership notes receivable and negatively by principal collections. We calculate financing propensity as contract sales volume of financed contracts originated in the period divided by contract sales volume of all contracts originated in the period. We do not include resales contract sales in the financing propensity calculation. Financing propensity was 53% in 2021 and 51% in 2020. We expect to continue offering financing incentive programs in 2022. We also plan to shift back to our pre-pandemic increased focus on sales to first-time buyers, who are more likely to finance their purchases, which should further increase propensity and increase interest income as new originations of vacation ownership notes receivable outpace the decline in principal of existing vacation ownership notes receivable.
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Acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are accounted for using the purchased credit deteriorated assets provision of the current expected credit loss model. The estimates of the reserve for credit losses on the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are based on default rates that are an output of our static pool analyses. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information regarding the accounting for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable.
In the event of a default, we generally have the right to foreclose on or revoke the underlying VOI. We return VOIs that we reacquire through foreclosure or revocation back to inventory. As discussed above, for originated vacation ownership notes receivable, we record a reserve at the time of sale and classify the reserve as a reduction to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products on our Income Statements. Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenues. In contrast, for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, we record changes to the reserve as an adjustment to Financing expenses on our Income Statements.
Historical default rates, which represent defaults as a percentage of each year’s beginning gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance, were as follows:
| Fiscal Years | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Historical default rates | 4.3% | 6.3% | 4.5% | |||||||||||||||||
The increased default rates in 2020 were predominantly due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of our notes receivable portfolio. The decrease in default rates in 2021 reflects the performance of our notes receivable portfolio back to pre-pandemic levels.
Financing expenses include consumer financing interest expense, which represents interest expense associated with the securitization of our vacation ownership notes receivable, costs to support the financing, servicing and securitization processes and changes in expected credit losses related to acquired vacation ownership notes receivable. We distinguish consumer financing interest expense from all other interest expense because the debt associated with the consumer financing interest expense is secured by vacation ownership notes receivable that have been sold to bankruptcy remote special purpose entities and is generally non-recourse to us.
Rental
In our Vacation Ownership segment, we operate a rental business to provide owner flexibility and to help mitigate carrying costs associated with our inventory. We generate revenue from rentals of inventory that we hold for sale as interests in our vacation ownership programs, inventory that we control because our owners have elected alternative usage options permitted under our vacation ownership programs and rentals of owned hotel properties. We also recognize rental revenue from the utilization of plus points under our points-based products when the points are redeemed for rental stays at one of our resorts or other third-party offerings. We obtain rental inventory from unsold inventory and inventory we control because owners have elected alternative usage options offered through our vacation ownership programs. For rental revenues associated with vacation ownership products which we own and which are registered and held for sale, to the extent that the revenues from rental are less than costs, revenues are reported net in accordance with ASC Topic 978, “Real Estate - Time-Sharing Activities” (“ASC 978”). The rental activity associated with discounted vacation packages requiring a tour (“preview stays”) is not included in transient rental metrics, and because the majority of these preview stays are sourced directly or indirectly from unsold inventory, the associated revenues and expenses are reported net in Marketing and sales expense.
In our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, we offer vacation rental opportunities at managed properties through VRI, TPI, and Aqua-Aston. We also offer vacation rental offers known as Getaways to members of the Interval International network and certain other membership programs. The offering of Getaways allows us to monetize excess availability of resort accommodations within the applicable exchange network, as well as provide additional vacation opportunities to members. Resort accommodations available as Getaways typically result from seasonal oversupply or underutilized space in the applicable exchange program, as well as resort accommodations specifically sourced for the Getaways program.
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Rental expenses include:
•Maintenance and other fees on unsold inventory;
•Costs to provide alternative usage options, including Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points, and offerings available as part of third-party offerings, for owners who elect to exchange their inventory;
•Marketing costs and direct operating and related expenses in connection with the rental business (such as housekeeping, labor costs, credit card expenses and reservation services); and
•Costs to secure resort accommodations for use in Getaways.
Rental metrics, including the average daily transient rate or the number of transient keys rented, may not be comparable between periods given fluctuation in available occupancy by location, unit size (such as two bedroom, one bedroom or studio unit), owner use and exchange behavior. In addition, rental metrics may not correlate with rental revenues due to the requirement to report certain rental revenues net of rental expenses in accordance with ASC 978 (as discussed above). Further, as our ability to rent certain luxury and other inventory is often limited on a site-by-site basis, rental operations may not generate adequate rental revenues to cover associated costs. Our Vacation Ownership segment units are either “full villas” or “lock-off” villas. Lock-off villas are units that can be separated into a master unit and a guest room. Full villas are “non-lock-off” villas because they cannot be separated. A “key” is the lowest increment for reporting occupancy statistics based upon the mix of non-lock-off and lock-off villas. Lock-off villas represent two keys and non-lock-off villas represent one key. The “transient keys” metric represents the blended mix of inventory available for rent and includes all of the combined inventory configurations available in our resort system.
Cost Reimbursements
Cost reimbursements include direct and indirect costs that are reimbursed to us by customers under management contracts. All costs reimbursed to us by customers, with the exception of taxes assessed by a governmental authority, are reported on a gross basis. We recognize cost reimbursements when we incur the related reimbursable costs. Cost reimbursements consist of actual expenses with no added margin.
Interest Expense
Interest expense consists of all interest expense other than consumer financing interest expense, which is included within Financing expense.
Transaction and Integration Costs
Transaction and integration costs represent costs related to the ILG and Welk Acquisitions, primarily for financial advisory, legal, and other professional service fees, as well as certain tax related accruals. Transaction and integration costs also include charges for employee retention, severance and other termination related benefits, fees paid to change management consultants and technology-related costs related to the integration of ILG and Welk.
Other Items
We measure operating performance using the following key metrics:
•Contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products;
•Total contract sales include contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products including joint ventures, and
•Consolidated contract sales exclude contracts sales from the sale of vacation ownership products for non-consolidated joint ventures
•Development profit margin;
•Volume per guest (“VPG”), which we calculate by dividing consolidated vacation ownership contract sales, excluding fractional sales, telesales, resales, joint venture sales and other sales that are not attributed to a tour at a sales location, by the number of tours at sales locations in a given period (which we refer to as “tour flow”). We believe that this operating metric is valuable in evaluating the effectiveness of the sales process as it combines the impact of average contract price with the number of touring guests who make a purchase;
•Total active members, which is the number of Interval International network active members at the end of the applicable period;
•Average revenue per member, which we calculate by dividing membership fee revenue, transaction revenue and other member revenue for the Interval International network by the monthly weighted average number of Interval International network active members during the applicable period; and
•NM = Not meaningful.
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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
| Fiscal Years | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||
| Sale of vacation ownership products | $ | 1,153 | $ | 546 | $ | 1,354 | |||||||||||
| Management and exchange | 855 | 755 | 949 | ||||||||||||||
| Rental | 486 | 276 | 573 | ||||||||||||||
| Financing | 268 | 267 | 275 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | 1,128 | 1,042 | 1,108 | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL REVENUES | 3,890 | 2,886 | 4,259 | ||||||||||||||
| EXPENSES | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of vacation ownership products | 250 | 150 | 349 | ||||||||||||||
| Marketing and sales | 617 | 386 | 748 | ||||||||||||||
| Management and exchange | 521 | 475 | 547 | ||||||||||||||
| Rental | 344 | 321 | 357 | ||||||||||||||
| Financing | 88 | 107 | 91 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 227 | 154 | 248 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 146 | 123 | 141 | ||||||||||||||
| Litigation charges | 10 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | — | 25 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Royalty fee | 106 | 95 | 106 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment | 3 | 100 | 99 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | 1,128 | 1,042 | 1,108 | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL EXPENSES | 3,440 | 2,984 | 3,801 | ||||||||||||||
| (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net | (51) | (26) | 16 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (164) | (150) | (132) | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction and integration costs | (110) | (66) | (118) | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 2 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | 127 | (340) | 225 | ||||||||||||||
| (Provision for) benefit from income taxes | (74) | 84 | (83) | ||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) | 53 | (256) | 142 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4) | (19) | (4) | ||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | $ | 49 | $ | (275) | $ | 138 | |||||||||||
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Operating Statistics
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Contract sales $ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vacation Ownership | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total contract sales | $ | 1,411 | $ | 669 | $ | 1,569 | $ | 742 | 111% | $ | (900) | (57%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated contract sales | $ | 1,374 | $ | 654 | $ | 1,524 | $ | 720 | 110% | $ | (870) | (57%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange & Third-Party Management | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total active members at end of period (000's)(1) | 1,296 | 1,518 | 1,670 | (222) | (15%) | (152) | (9%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average revenue per member(1) | $ | 179.48 | $ | 144.97 | $ | 168.73 | $ | 34.51 | 24% | $ | (23.76) | (14%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_______________
(1)Only includes members of the Interval International exchange network.
Revenues
The following table presents our revenues for 2021, 2020, and 2019.
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vacation Ownership | $ | 3,539 | $ | 2,530 | $ | 3,761 | $ | 1,009 | 40% | $ | (1,231) | (33%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange & Third-Party Management | 320 | 309 | 454 | 11 | 4% | (145) | (32%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Segment Revenues | 3,859 | 2,839 | 4,215 | 1,020 | 36% | (1,376) | (33%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Property Owners' Associations | 31 | 47 | 44 | (16) | (35%) | 3 | 10% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | $ | 3,890 | $ | 2,886 | $ | 4,259 | $ | 1,004 | 35% | $ | (1,373) | (32%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) and Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA, a financial measure that is not prescribed by GAAP, is defined as earnings, or net income or loss attributable to common shareholders, before interest expense (excluding consumer financing interest expense associated with term loan securitization transactions), income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA reflects additional adjustments for certain items described below, and excludes share-based compensation expense to address considerable variability among companies in recording compensation expense because companies use share-based payment awards differently, both in the type and quantity of awards granted. For purposes of our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculations, we do not adjust for consumer financing interest expense associated with term loan securitization transactions because we consider it to be an operating expense of our business. We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be an indicator of operating performance, which we use to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures and expand our business. We also use Adjusted EBITDA, as do analysts, lenders, investors and others, because this measure excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provision for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA also exclude depreciation and amortization because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful as an indicator of operating performance because it allows for period-over-period comparisons of our on-going core operations before the impact of the excluded items. Adjusted EBITDA also facilitates comparison by us, analysts, investors, and others, of results from our on-going core operations before the impact of these items with results from other vacation companies.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do or may not calculate them at all, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. The table below shows our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculation and reconciles these measures with Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.
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| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | 49 | $ | (275) | $ | 138 | $ | 324 | NM | $ | (413) | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 164 | 150 | 132 | 14 | 9% | 18 | 14% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax provision (benefit) | 74 | (84) | 83 | 158 | NM | (167) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 146 | 123 | 141 | 23 | 19% | (18) | (13%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | 433 | (86) | 494 | 519 | NM | (580) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 51 | 37 | 37 | 14 | 39% | — | (1%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certain items | 173 | 284 | 227 | (111) | NM | 57 | 25% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 657 | $ | 235 | $ | 758 | $ | 422 | 179% | $ | (523) | (69%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | 24% | 13% | 24% | 11 pts | (11 pts) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain items for 2021 consisted of $110 million of transaction and integration costs (including $93 million of ILG Acquisition and integration related costs, $16 million of Welk Acquisition related costs, and $1 million of other transaction costs), $51 million of losses and other expense (including $55 million related to the early redemption of our 2026 Notes (as defined below) and a portion of our 2025 Notes (as defined below), and $3 million of miscellaneous other losses and other expenses, partially offset by $7 million related to a true-up to a Marriott International indemnification receivable upon settlement (the true-up to the offsetting accrual is included in the (Provision for) benefit from income taxes line)), $10 million of litigation charges, $10 million of purchase accounting adjustments, and $3 million of impairment charges, partially offset by $8 million to eliminate the impact of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, $2 million of activity related to the accrual for health and welfare costs for furloughed associates, and $1 million of miscellaneous other adjustments.
Certain items for 2020 consisted of $100 million of impairment charges, $62 million of ILG Acquisition-related costs, $57 million of other charges (including $50 million related to the net sales reserve adjustment, $2 million related to an accrual for the health and welfare costs for furloughed associates, $4 million related to the charge for VAT penalties and interest (see offset included in indemnification below) and $1 million of other miscellaneous charges), $26 million of losses and other expense, $25 million of restructuring costs, $4 million of purchase accounting adjustments, $6 million of litigation charges, and $4 million of transaction costs related to our capital efficient inventory arrangements.
The $26 million of losses and other expense included $32 million related to a true-up to a Marriott International indemnification receivable upon settlement (the true-up to the offsetting accrual is included in the Benefit (provision) for income taxes line), $11 million related to foreign currency translation losses, and a $5 million loss related to the disposition of a formerly consolidated subsidiary, partially offset by $6 million of gains and other income related to the disposition of excess land parcels in Orlando, Florida and Steamboat Springs, Colorado, a $6 million receivable related to indemnification from Marriott International for certain VAT charges, $4 million related to net insurance proceeds from the final settlement of Legacy-MVW business interruption insurance claims arising from a prior year hurricane, $3 million related to other insurance proceeds, and $3 million of miscellaneous gains and other income.
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Segment Adjusted EBITDA
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vacation Ownership | $ | 699 | $ | 229 | $ | 794 | $ | 470 | 204% | $ | (565) | (71%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange & Third-Party Management | 144 | 119 | 183 | 25 | 23% | (64) | (36%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Adjusted EBITDA | 843 | 348 | 977 | 495 | 143% | (629) | (64%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | (186) | (118) | (222) | (68) | (58%) | 104 | 47% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Property Owners' Associations | — | 5 | 3 | (5) | (100%) | 2 | 130% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 657 | $ | 235 | $ | 758 | $ | 422 | 179% | $ | (523) | (69%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following tables present Adjusted EBITDA for our reportable segments reconciled to segment financial results.
Vacation Ownership
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 699 | $ | 229 | $ | 794 | $ | 470 | 204% | $ | (565) | (71%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | (89) | (79) | (68) | (10) | (13%) | (11) | (15%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | (6) | (6) | (8) | — | 3% | 2 | 29% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certain items | (19) | (73) | (95) | 54 | 73% | 22 | 22% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment financial results | $ | 585 | $ | 71 | $ | 623 | $ | 514 | NM | $ | (552) | (89%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain items in the Vacation Ownership segment for the 2021 consisted primarily of $10 million of purchase accounting adjustments and $9 million of litigation charges.
Certain items in the Vacation Ownership segment for 2020 consisted of $50 million related to the net sales reserve adjustment, $15 million of restructuring costs, $8 million of asset impairment charges, $6 million of litigation charges, $3 million of unfavorable purchase accounting adjustments, and $3 million of transaction costs associated with capital efficient inventory arrangements, partially offset by $12 million of gains and other income.
Exchange & Third-Party Management
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 144 | $ | 119 | $ | 183 | $ | 25 | 23% | $ | (64) | (36%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | (48) | (32) | (47) | (16) | (51%) | 15 | 32% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | (2) | (2) | (3) | — | 3% | 1 | 33% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certain items | (1) | (99) | (4) | 98 | 99% | (95) | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment financial results | $ | 93 | $ | (14) | $ | 129 | $ | 107 | NM | $ | (143) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain items in the Exchange & Third-Party Management segment for 2020 consisted of $92 million of asset impairment charges, $4 million of restructuring costs, $2 million of miscellaneous losses and other expense, and $1 million of unfavorable purchase accounting adjustments.
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BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Our business is grouped into two reportable business segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management. See Footnote 20 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information on our segments.
VACATION OWNERSHIP
| Fiscal Years | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||
| Sale of vacation ownership products | $ | 1,153 | $ | 546 | $ | 1,354 | |||||||||||
| Resort management and other services | 470 | 356 | 488 | ||||||||||||||
| Rental | 446 | 239 | 512 | ||||||||||||||
| Financing | 268 | 265 | 271 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | 1,202 | 1,124 | 1,136 | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL REVENUES | 3,539 | 2,530 | 3,761 | ||||||||||||||
| EXPENSES | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of vacation ownership products | 250 | 150 | 349 | ||||||||||||||
| Marketing and sales | 617 | 386 | 695 | ||||||||||||||
| Resort management and other services | 200 | 136 | 229 | ||||||||||||||
| Rental | 394 | 363 | 390 | ||||||||||||||
| Financing | 88 | 106 | 89 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 89 | 79 | 68 | ||||||||||||||
| Litigation charges | 9 | 6 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | — | 15 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Royalty fee | 106 | 95 | 106 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment | — | 8 | 99 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | 1,202 | 1,124 | 1,136 | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL EXPENSES | 2,955 | 2,468 | 3,167 | ||||||||||||||
| Gains and other income, net | 1 | 12 | 28 | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction and integration costs | (2) | (3) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 2 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | $ | 585 | $ | 71 | $ | 623 | |||||||||||
Contract Sales
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated contract sales | 1,374 | 654 | 1,524 | 720 | 110% | (870) | (57%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joint venture contract sales | 37 | 15 | 45 | 22 | 155% | (30) | (68%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total contract sales | $ | 1,411 | $ | 669 | $ | 1,569 | $ | 742 | 111% | $ | (900) | (57%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sale of Vacation Ownership Products
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total contract sales | $ | 1,411 | $ | 669 | $ | 1,569 | $ | 742 | 111% | $ | (900) | (57%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less resales contract sales | (26) | (12) | (30) | (14) | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less joint venture contract sales | (37) | (15) | (45) | (22) | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated contract sales, net of resales | 1,348 | 642 | 1,494 | 706 | (852) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plus: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement revenue | 28 | 14 | 24 | 14 | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resales revenue | 12 | 7 | 14 | 5 | (7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue recognition adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportability | (44) | 58 | (8) | (102) | 66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales reserve | (101) | (129) | (112) | 28 | (17) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other(1) | (90) | (46) | (58) | (44) | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of vacation ownership products | $ | 1,153 | $ | 546 | $ | 1,354 | $ | 607 | 111% | $ | (808) | (60%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_______________
(1)Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.
2021 Compared to 2020
Sale of vacation ownership products increased $607 million due primarily to $706 million of higher consolidated contract sales volumes, net of resales, $28 million of lower sales reserve activity, $14 million of higher settlement revenue, and $5 million of higher resales activity, partially offset by a $102 million unfavorable change in revenue reportability and $44 million of higher sales incentives issued (higher settlement revenue and higher sales incentives issued were driven by the higher contract sales volumes year-over-year).
The higher contract sales performance reflects the continued ramp-up of the business following the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which commenced late in the prior year first quarter and resulted in the closure of all of our sales centers, as well as the inclusion of the Welk business beginning in the second quarter of 2021. As a result of reopening our sales centers throughout 2020 and 2021, as well as the Welk Acquisition, our contract sales volumes have improved on a sequential basis each quarter and we expect that sequential improvement to continue in 2022.
The lower sales reserve reflects the prior year increase to the sales reserve to take into account higher expected default activity as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Revenue reportability was significantly negative in 2021. While we benefited from contract sales in the fourth quarter of 2020 that we recognized as revenue in 2021, given the increasing contract sales volumes throughout 2021 due to the reopening of our sales centers and continued ramp-up of our business, we saw a higher shift of contract sales in the fourth quarter of 2021 into 2022 for revenue recognition. In contrast, revenue reportability was significantly positive in 2020 due to contract sales from late in the fourth quarter of 2019 that were recognized as revenue in 2020. However, 2020 was not impacted by a corresponding shift of revenues into 2021, given the low contract sales volumes in 2020 resulting from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
48
Development Profit
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of vacation ownership products | $ | 1,153 | $ | 546 | $ | 1,354 | $ | 607 | 111% | $ | (808) | (60%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of vacation ownership products | (250) | (150) | (349) | (100) | (66%) | 199 | 57% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing and sales | (617) | (386) | (695) | (231) | (60%) | 309 | 45% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development profit | $ | 286 | $ | 10 | $ | 310 | $ | 276 | NM | $ | (300) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development profit margin | 24.8% | 1.8% | 22.9% | 23.0 pts | (21.1 pts) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
Development profit increased $276 million year-over-year. The change reflected $268 million from the benefit of higher contract sales volumes and lower marketing and sales spending as a percentage of revenue, $74 million related to lower sales reserve activity, and $5 million of favorable product cost, due mainly to the sale of lower cost inventory and, to a lesser extent, favorable product cost true-up activity, partially offset by $71 million of unfavorable revenue reportability year-over-year.
Resort Management and Other Services Revenues, Expenses and Profit
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management fee revenues | $ | 158 | $ | 149 | $ | 144 | $ | 9 | 6% | $ | 5 | 4% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ancillary revenues | 188 | 89 | 224 | 99 | 111% | (135) | (60%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other management and exchange revenue | 124 | 118 | 120 | 6 | 5% | (2) | (3%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resort management and other services revenues | 470 | 356 | 488 | 114 | 32% | (132) | (27%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resort management and other services expenses | (200) | (136) | (229) | (64) | (47%) | 93 | 41% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resort management and other services profit | $ | 270 | $ | 220 | $ | 259 | $ | 50 | 23% | $ | (39) | (15%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resort management and other services profit margin | 57.5% | 61.8% | 53.0% | (4.3 pts) | 8.8 pts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
Resort management and other services revenues reflected higher ancillary revenues, including revenues from food and beverage and golf offerings, as a result of the continued ramp-up of the business following the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic starting late in the prior year first quarter, as well as higher management fees and nearly $25 million of revenues contributed by the Welk business. Resort occupancies continued to increase throughout 2021 as resorts that were closed at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic reopened.
The increase in resort management and other services profit reflected the increase in resort management and other services revenues, partially offset by higher ancillary expenses as a result of the higher ancillary revenues mentioned above and the impact from the write-off of $7 million of outstanding management fee receivables deemed uncollectible related to a capital efficient inventory arrangement.
While revenues from certain ancillary businesses continue to be adversely affected by government imposed capacity limits, we have continued to remain agile by adjusting product and service offerings and operating hours such that Resort management and other services profit remains strong. We expect that once we revert to our high-touch service model in the latter half of 2022, commensurate with the quality expected of our iconic brands, we will have a slightly lower margin associated with our ancillary businesses.
49
Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental revenues | $ | 446 | $ | 239 | $ | 512 | $ | 207 | 86% | $ | (273) | (53%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental expenses | (394) | (363) | (390) | (31) | (9%) | 27 | 7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental profit | $ | 52 | $ | (124) | $ | 122 | $ | 176 | NM | $ | (246) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental profit margin | 11.7% | NM | 23.7% | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (transient keys in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transient keys rented(1) | 1.9 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 70% | (1.3) | (53%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average transient key rate | $ | 245.79 | $ | 219.82 | $ | 228.38 | $ | 25.97 | 12% | $ | (8.56) | (4%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resort occupancy | 81.6% | 57.2% | 88.1% | 24.4 pts | (30.9 pts) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_________________________
(1)Transient keys rented exclude those obtained through the use of plus points and preview stays.
2021 Compared to 2020
The improvement in rental profit resulted from an increase in transient keys rented and a higher average transient rate due to the continued ramp-up of the business following the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic starting late in the prior year first quarter as well as from higher plus point revenue as COVID-19-related restrictions continued to ease. These increases were partially offset by higher inventory carrying costs (due to low sales volumes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the acquisition of new inventory in 2021, and higher utilization of third-party vacation offerings for owners who elect to exchange their inventory).
As the majority of the governmental restrictions in response to the pandemic that caused rental activity to decline, such as travel restrictions and quarantine requirements, have been lifted, we expect rental occupancies and revenues to continue to increase in 2022.
Financing Revenues, Expenses and Margin
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financing revenues | $ | 268 | $ | 265 | $ | 271 | $ | 3 | 1% | $ | (6) | (2%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financing expenses | (38) | (48) | (34) | 10 | 21% | (14) | (45%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer financing interest expense | (50) | (58) | (55) | 8 | 14% | (3) | (5%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financing profit | $ | 180 | $ | 159 | $ | 182 | $ | 21 | 13% | $ | (23) | (13%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financing profit margin | 67.1% | 59.8% | 67.3% | 7.3 pts | (7.5 pts) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financing propensity | 53% | 51% | 63% | 2 pts | (12 pts) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
The Welk business increased our revenues by nearly $31 million in 2021. Excluding the impact of the Welk business, financing revenues decreased due to a $245 million decrease in the average net vacation ownership notes receivable balance. This balance decreased as a result of the continued pay-down of the existing vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio without a corresponding increase from new loan originations. As contract sales volumes and new loan originations continue to grow in 2022, we expect that this growth should begin to more than offset the normal decline as a result of loan payment activity, which would cause interest income to increase. Financing expenses decreased due to $14 million of higher credit losses associated with acquired vacation ownership notes receivable in the prior year, offset partially by $2 million of costs associated with the Welk business as well as $2 million of higher credit card fees. Lower consumer financing interest expense resulted from the continued pay-down of securitized debt balances, offset partially by $2 million of costs from the Welk business.
50
Depreciation and Amortization
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 89 | $ | 79 | $ | 68 | $ | 10 | 13% | $ | 11 | 15% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
2021 included $8 million of depreciation and amortization expenses associated with assets acquired in the Welk Acquisition.
Litigation Charges
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Litigation charges | $ | 9 | $ | 6 | $ | 6 | $ | 3 | 69% | $ | — | (7%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
In 2021, we incurred $9 million of litigation charges related primarily to projects in Europe. In 2020, we incurred $6 million of litigation charges, including approximately $4 million related to projects in Europe and approximately $1 million related to projects in California.
Restructuring
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | $ | — | $ | 15 | $ | — | $ | (15) | NM | $ | 15 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
No restructuring costs were recorded in 2021. During 2020, we incurred $15 million in restructuring costs primarily related to a workforce reduction plan that we adopted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Royalty Fee
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Royalty fee | $ | 106 | $ | 95 | $ | 106 | $ | 11 | 11% | $ | (11) | (10%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
Royalty fee expense increased in 2021 as a result of higher contract closings compared to the prior year.
Impairment
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment | $ | — | $ | 8 | $ | 99 | $ | (8) | (98%) | $ | (91) | (91%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
No asset impairment charges were recorded in 2021. During 2020, we recorded $8 million of non-cash impairment charges, including $6 million related to our Asia Pacific inventory as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and $2 million of impairment charges for property and equipment.
Cost Reimbursements
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | $ | 1,202 | $ | 1,124 | $ | 1,136 | $ | 78 | 7% | $ | (12) | (1%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
51
Gains and Other Income
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains and other income, net | $ | 1 | $ | 12 | $ | 28 | $ | (11) | (96%) | $ | (16) | (56%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020
We recorded $12 million of gains and other income, including $6 million of net gains related to the disposition of excess land parcels in Orlando, Florida and Steamboat Springs, Colorado, $4 million of net insurance proceeds related to the settlement of Legacy-MVW business interruption insurance claims arising from a prior year hurricane, $1 million related to foreign currency translation and $1 million related to a miscellaneous insurance refund.
Other
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | $ | 2 | $ | — | $ | 1 | $ | 2 | NM | $ | (1) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
In 2021, we incurred $2 million of transaction costs associated with our capital efficient inventory arrangements.
EXCHANGE & THIRD-PARTY MANAGEMENT
Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment offers access to vacation accommodations and other travel-related transactions and services to leisure travelers by providing vacation exchange and management services, including vacation rentals and other services. We provide these services through a variety of brands including Interval International, Trading Places International, Vacation Resorts International, and Aqua-Aston.
| Fiscal Years | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||
| Management and exchange | $ | 233 | $ | 211 | $ | 298 | |||||||||||
| Rental | 40 | 37 | 61 | ||||||||||||||
| Financing | — | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | 47 | 59 | 91 | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL REVENUES | 320 | 309 | 454 | ||||||||||||||
| EXPENSES | |||||||||||||||||
| Marketing and sales | — | — | 53 | ||||||||||||||
| Management and exchange | 131 | 122 | 101 | ||||||||||||||
| Rental | — | 11 | 28 | ||||||||||||||
| Financing | — | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 48 | 32 | 47 | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | 1 | 4 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment | — | 92 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | 47 | 59 | 91 | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL EXPENSES | 227 | 321 | 322 | ||||||||||||||
| Losses and other expense, net | — | (2) | (3) | ||||||||||||||
| SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | $ | 93 | $ | (14) | $ | 129 | |||||||||||
52
Management and Exchange Profit
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management and exchange revenue | $ | 233 | $ | 211 | $ | 298 | $ | 22 | 11% | $ | (87) | (29%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management and exchange expense | (131) | (122) | (101) | (9) | (7%) | (21) | (21%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management and exchange profit | $ | 102 | $ | 89 | $ | 197 | $ | 13 | 17% | $ | (108) | (55%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management and exchange profit margin | 43.8% | 41.6% | 65.9% | 2.2 pts | (24.3 pts) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
The increase in management and exchange revenue and profit reflected higher management fees and exchange revenue due to the continued ramp-up of the business following the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which commenced late in the prior year first quarter. These increases were partially offset by lower membership revenue as a result of lower renewal activity, driven by a 15% decline in active members in 2021. The decline in active members was primarily due to the non-renewal of one of Interval International’s corporate customers which the Company announced in February 2021. Average exchange fee increased nearly 4% over 2020. On January 1, 2022, we added affiliations with Disney Vacation Club, Welk Resorts, and El Cid to our Interval International exchange network, which resulted in over 300,000 new members.
Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental revenues | $ | 40 | $ | 37 | $ | 61 | $ | 3 | 10% | $ | (24) | (40%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental expenses | — | (11) | (28) | 11 | 100% | 17 | 62% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental profit | $ | 40 | $ | 26 | $ | 33 | $ | 14 | 54% | $ | (7) | (22%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental profit margin | 100.0% | 71.3% | 54.6% | 28.7 pts | 16.7 pts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
The increase in rental profit reflected a 39% increase in Getaway program transactions and a 9% increase in average fee, reflecting customers’ desire to travel and pent up-demand due to COVID-19-related restrictions. Late in the first quarter of 2021, we introduced Getaway rentals of less than seven nights, providing members more opportunities to use their membership in ways that better fit their lifestyles.
Depreciation and Amortization
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 48 | $ | 32 | $ | 47 | $ | 16 | 50% | $ | (15) | 51% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
The increase in depreciation and amortization expense in 2021 relates to a true-up made to accelerate depreciation on a technology asset.
Restructuring
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | $ | 1 | $ | 4 | $ | — | $ | (3) | NM | $ | 4 | —% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
During 2020, we incurred $4 million in restructuring costs primarily related to a workforce reduction plan that we adopted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. During 2021, we incurred $1 million of additional restructuring costs related to this plan. Given the continued ramp-up in the business, we do not currently expect any further workforce reductions.
53
Impairment
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment | $ | — | $ | 92 | $ | — | $ | (92) | NM | $ | 92 | —% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
No asset impairment charges were recorded in 2021. In 2020, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $92 million primarily related to a decrease in the fair value of goodwill and certain trademarks resulting from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Losses and Other Expense
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Losses and other expense, net | $ | — | $ | (2) | $ | (3) | $ | 2 | 93% | $ | 1 | 11% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
No losses and other expense were recorded for 2021. We recorded $2 million of net losses and other expense in 2020, including a $5 million loss related to the disposition of a previously consolidated subsidiary, partially offset by $3 million of gains and other income from other insurance proceeds.
CORPORATE AND OTHER
Corporate and Other consists of results that are not allocable to our segments, including company-wide general and administrative costs, corporate interest expense, transaction and integration costs, and income taxes. In addition, Corporate and Other includes the revenues and expenses from the Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.
| Fiscal Years | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||
| Resort management and other services | $ | 152 | $ | 188 | $ | 163 | |||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | (121) | (141) | (119) | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL REVENUES | 31 | 47 | 44 | ||||||||||||||
| EXPENSES | |||||||||||||||||
| Resort management and other services | 190 | 217 | 217 | ||||||||||||||
| Rental | (50) | (53) | (61) | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 227 | 154 | 248 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 9 | 12 | 26 | ||||||||||||||
| Litigation charges | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | (1) | 6 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment | 3 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | (121) | (141) | (119) | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL EXPENSES | 258 | 195 | 312 | ||||||||||||||
| Losses and other expense, net | (52) | (36) | (9) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (164) | (150) | (132) | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction and integration costs | (108) | (63) | (118) | ||||||||||||||
| FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | (551) | (397) | (527) | ||||||||||||||
| (Provision for) benefit from income taxes | (74) | 84 | (83) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4) | (19) | (4) | ||||||||||||||
| FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | $ | (629) | $ | (332) | $ | (614) | |||||||||||
54
Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations
The following table illustrates the impact of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations under the relevant accounting guidance, which represents the portion related to third-party VOI owners.
| Fiscal Years | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||
| Resort management and other services | $ | 152 | $ | 188 | $ | 163 | |||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | (121) | (141) | (119) | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL REVENUES | 31 | 47 | 44 | ||||||||||||||
| EXPENSES | |||||||||||||||||
| Resort management and other services | 190 | 217 | 217 | ||||||||||||||
| Rental | (50) | (53) | (61) | ||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | (121) | (141) | (119) | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL EXPENSES | 19 | 23 | 37 | ||||||||||||||
| Gains and other income, net | (4) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | 8 | 24 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | (1) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4) | (19) | (4) | ||||||||||||||
| FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | $ | 3 | $ | 5 | $ | 3 | |||||||||||
Pursuant to a change in control of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, we recorded a non-cash loss of $1 million in (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net on our Income Statement for 2021, resulting from the deconsolidation of 13 owners’ associations. We continue to act as manager for these owners’ associations pursuant to existing management contracts and retain membership interests via our ownership of vacation ownership interests.
General and Administrative
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 227 | $ | 154 | $ | 248 | $ | 73 | 48% | $ | (94) | (38%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
General and administrative expenses increased $73 million due to $27 million of higher salary and wages costs as the prior year benefited from savings related to the furlough, reduced work week and workforce reduction programs implemented in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, $41 million related to higher bonus expense, and $11 million decrease in credits related to incentives under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) for companies who continued paying associates' benefit costs while they were not working as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These increases were partially offset by $4 million of lower costs as the prior year period included an accrual for health and welfare costs for furloughed associates and $2 million of lower net overall spending across the business, including technology, travel, rent, training, and other expenses.
Depreciation and Amortization
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 9 | $ | 12 | $ | 26 | $ | (3) | (29%) | $ | (14) | (53%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | $ | (1) | $ | 6 | $ | — | $ | (7) | NM | $ | 6 | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2021 Compared to 2020
During 2020, we incurred $6 million of restructuring costs related to a work-force reduction plan that we adopted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. During 2021, we trued up this restructuring accrual based upon changes to the initial plan. Given the continued ramp-up in the business, we do not currently expect any further workforce reductions.
Impairment
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment | $ | 3 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3 | NM | $ | — | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
During 2021, we recorded a net $3 million non-cash impairment charge related to an equity method investment. No impairment charges were recorded for 2020.
Losses and Other Expense
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Losses and other expense, net | $ | (52) | $ | (36) | $ | (9) | $ | (16) | (43%) | $ | (27) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021
We recorded $52 million of net losses and other expense, including $55 million related to the early redemption of our 2026 Notes (as defined below) and a portion of our 2025 Notes (as defined below), offset partially by $7 million related to a true-up of a Marriott International indemnification receivable upon settlement (the true-up to the offsetting accrual is included in the (Provision for) benefit from income taxes line).
2020
We recorded $36 million of net losses and other expense, including $32 million for the true-up to an indemnification receivable from Marriott International as a result of a settlement of an indemnified liability with a taxing authority (the true-up to the offsetting accrual is included in the (Provision for) benefit from income taxes line), and $12 million related to foreign currency translation, partially offset by $6 million of other income related to an indemnification from Marriott International for VAT penalties and interest and $2 million of miscellaneous net gains and other income.
Interest Expense
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | (164) | $ | (150) | $ | (132) | $ | (14) | (9%) | $ | (18) | (14%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
Interest expense increased $14 million, including $24 million of higher interest expense associated with the convertible notes issued in the first quarter of 2021, $12 million of higher interest expense associated with the senior notes issued in the second quarter of 2021, and $8 million of higher expense associated with the senior notes issued in the second quarter of 2020. These increases were partially offset by a $21 million decline associated with the payoff of senior notes in the third quarter of 2021, $5 million associated with less drawn on the Warehouse Credit Facility and Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, and a $4 million decline associated with the Term Loan due to a partial pay-down in 2021.
Transaction and Integration Costs
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction and integration costs | $ | (108) | $ | (63) | $ | (118) | $ | (45) | (72%) | $ | 55 | 47% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
We incurred $108 million of Transaction and integration costs for 2021, including $93 million of ILG Acquisition and integration related costs and $16 million of Welk Acquisition related costs. All of the $63 million of Transaction and integration costs incurred during 2020 related to the ILG acquisition.
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Income Tax
| Fiscal Years | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Provision for) benefit from income taxes | $ | (74) | $ | 84 | $ | (83) | $ | (158) | (188%) | $ | 167 | 201% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
The change in the (Provision for) benefit from income taxes is predominately attributable to an increase in pre-tax income and an increase in the reserve for unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal year 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Typically, our capital needs are supported by cash on hand ($342 million at the end of 2021), cash generated from operations, our ability to raise capital through securitizations in the ABS market, our ability to issue new, and refinance existing, debt, and, to the extent necessary, funds available under the Warehouse Credit Facility and the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility. We believe these sources of capital will be adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements, finance our long-term growth plans, satisfy debt service requirements, fulfill other cash requirements and return capital to shareholders.
During 2021, we received proceeds from debt of $1,111 million, and redeemed or repaid $1,339 million of debt, which is discussed further in the “Cash from Financing Activities” section below, and also in Footnote 16 “Debt” to our Financial Statements. At December 31, 2021, we had $4.7 billion of total gross debt outstanding, which included $1.9 billion of non-recourse debt associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, $1.1 billion of senior notes, $0.8 billion of convertible notes, $0.8 billion of debt under our Corporate Credit Facility, and $83 million related to finance lease obligations.
On April 1, 2021, we completed the Welk Acquisition for consideration of $405 million, including the issuance of approximately 1.4 million shares of our common stock. See Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Welk Acquisition.
At the end of 2021, we had $710 million of completed real estate inventory on hand. In addition, we had $460 million of completed vacation ownership units that have been classified as a component of Property and equipment until the time at which they are legally registered and available for sale as vacation ownership products.
Our vacation ownership product offerings allow us to utilize our real estate inventory efficiently. The majority of our sales are of points-based products, which permits us to sell vacation ownership products at most of our sales locations, including those where little or no site specific inventory remains available for sale. Because we no longer need specific resort-based inventory at each sales location, we need to have only a few resorts under development at any given time and can leverage successful sales locations at completed resorts. This allows us to maintain long-term sales locations and reduces the need to develop and staff on-site sales locations at smaller projects in the future. We believe our points-based programs enable us to closely align the timing of our real estate inventory acquisitions with the pace of sales of vacation ownership products.
We are selectively pursuing growth opportunities in North America and Asia Pacific by targeting high-quality inventory that allows us to add desirable new destinations to our system with new on-site sales locations through transactions that limit our up-front capital investment and allow us to purchase finished inventory closer to the time it is needed for sale. These capital efficient vacation ownership deal structures may consist of the development of new inventory, or the conversion of previously built units by third parties, just prior to sale.
Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment includes exchange networks, membership programs and third-party property management services that were acquired as part of the ILG Acquisition. These networks, programs and services generate revenue that is generally fee-based and derived from membership, exchange and rental transactions, property and association management, and other related products and services. This segment is expected to be less capital intensive than our Vacation Ownership segment and is expected to be funded with cash generated from segment operations.
Our material cash requirements from known contractual or other obligations were $6 billion as of December 31, 2021, of which we expect $850 million to be payable within the next twelve months. These obligations primarily relate to our debt. Please see “Material Cash Requirements” below for additional information.
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The following table summarizes the changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
| Fiscal Years | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by (used in): | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 343 | $ | 299 | $ | 382 | |||||||||||
| Investing activities | (213) | (32) | 37 | ||||||||||||||
| Financing activities | (317) | 23 | (331) | ||||||||||||||
| Effect of change in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (2) | 1 | (1) | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | (189) | $ | 291 | $ | 87 | |||||||||||
Cash from Operating Activities
Our primary sources of funds from operations are (1) cash sales and down payments on financed sales, (2) cash from our financing operations, including principal and interest payments received on outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, (3) cash from fee-based membership, exchange and rental transactions and (4) net cash generated from our rental and resort management and other services operations. Outflows include spending for the development of new phases of existing resorts, the acquisition of additional inventory, enhancement of our inventory exchange network of resorts and related technology infrastructure and funding our working capital needs.
We minimize our working capital needs through cash management, strict credit-granting policies and disciplined collection efforts. Our working capital needs fluctuate throughout the year given the timing of annual maintenance fees on unsold inventory we pay to owners’ associations and certain annual compensation-related outflows. In addition, our cash from operations varies due to the timing of our owners’ repayment of vacation ownership notes receivable, the closing or recording of sales contracts for vacation ownership products, financing propensity and cash outlays for inventory acquisition and development.
In 2021, we generated $343 million of cash flows from operating activities compared to $299 million in 2020. Excluding the impact of changes in net income and adjustments for non-cash items, the change in cash flows from operations increased as a result of higher operational expense accruals, higher sales and rentals deposits due to the continued ramp-up of the business, and higher collections of vacation ownership notes receivable, partially offset by higher inventory spending and severance and benefit payments.
In addition to net income (loss) and adjustments for non-cash items, the following operating activities are key drivers of our cash flow from operating activities:
Inventory Spending (In Excess of) Less Than Cost of Sales
| Fiscal Years | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Inventory spending | $ | (153) | $ | (98) | $ | (228) | |||||||||||
| Purchase of vacation ownership units for future transfer to inventory | (98) | (61) | (20) | ||||||||||||||
| Inventory costs | 212 | 117 | 292 | ||||||||||||||
| Inventory spending (in excess of) less than cost of sales | $ | (39) | $ | (42) | $ | 44 | |||||||||||
We measure our real estate inventory capital efficiency by comparing the cash outflow for real estate inventory spending (a cash item) to the amount of real estate inventory costs charged to expense on our Income Statements related to sale of vacation ownership products (a non-cash item). Given the significant level of completed real estate inventory on hand, as well as the capital efficiency resulting from our points programs and capital efficient transactions, our spending for real estate inventory was below the amount of real estate inventory costs in 2019. In 2020 and 2021, however, while our spending for real estate inventory remained lower than pre-pandemic levels, given the slowdown in sales pace as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, inventory spending exceeded inventory costs for both years due to commitments under capital efficient inventory acquisition arrangements that were entered into prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. See Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding the acquisitions of inventory.
Through our existing vacation ownership interest repurchase program, we proactively buy back previously sold vacation ownership interests at lower costs than would be required to develop new inventory. By repurchasing inventory, we expect to be able to stabilize the future cost of vacation ownership products.
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Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Collections (Less Than) In Excess of Originations
| Fiscal Years | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — non-securitized | $ | 129 | $ | 217 | $ | 61 | |||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — securitized | 557 | 403 | 432 | ||||||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable originations | (750) | (377) | (817) | ||||||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable collections (less than) in excess of originations | $ | (64) | $ | 243 | $ | (324) | |||||||||||
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections include principal from non-securitized and securitized vacation ownership notes receivable. Vacation ownership notes receivable collections increased in 2021 compared to 2020 due to payment deferral programs offered in 2020 to assist owners experiencing financial hardship as a result of the the COVID-19 pandemic. Vacation ownership notes receivable originations increased due to higher sales and a moderate increase in financing propensity to 53% in 2021 from 51% in 2020.
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections increased in 2020 compared to 2019 due to a higher portfolio of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable at the beginning of 2020. Vacation ownership notes receivable originations in 2020 decreased due to lower sales due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a lower financing propensity. Financing propensity declined to 51% in 2020 from 63% in 2019 as a result of the various sales programs that we offered to incentivize cash purchases over financed purchases during 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cash from Investing Activities
| Fiscal Years | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of a business, net of cash and restricted cash acquired | $ | (157) | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from collection of notes receivable | — | — | 38 | ||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures for property and equipment (excluding inventory) | (47) | (41) | (46) | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase of company owned life insurance | (14) | (6) | (6) | ||||||||||||||
| Dispositions, net | 3 | 15 | 51 | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | 2 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (213) | $ | (32) | $ | 37 | |||||||||||
Acquisition of a Business, Net of Cash and Restricted Cash Acquired
Net cash outflows of $157 million in 2021 were due to the Welk Acquisition. See Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for additional information.
Proceeds from Collection of Notes Receivable
During 2019, we collected $23 million of notes receivable related to the disposition of our interest in VRI Europe during the fourth quarter of 2018. In addition, we also collected a $15 million note receivable acquired in the ILG Acquisition.
Capital Expenditures for Property and Equipment
Capital expenditures for property and equipment relate to spending for technology development, buildings and equipment used at sales locations and ancillary offerings, such as food and beverage offerings, at locations where such offerings are provided. Additionally, it includes spending related to maintenance of buildings and equipment used in common areas at some of our resorts.
Purchase of Company Owned Life Insurance
To support our ability to meet a portion of our obligations under the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”), we acquired company owned insurance policies on the lives of certain participants in the Deferred Compensation Plan, the proceeds of which are intended to be aligned with the investment alternatives elected by plan participants as discussed in Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements.
Dispositions, net
Dispositions of $3 million during 2021 included dispositions of excess land parcels in the Bahamas and St. Thomas, USVI. Dispositions of $15 million during 2020 related to the disposition of excess land parcels in Orlando, Florida and
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Steamboat Springs, Colorado as part of our strategic decision to reduce holdings in markets where we have excess supply. Dispositions of $51 million during 2019 related to our dispositions of excess land parcels in Cancun, Mexico and Avon, Colorado as part of our strategic decision to reduce holdings in markets where we have excess supply. See additional information on these dispositions in Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for additional information.
Cash from Financing Activities
| Fiscal Years | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Borrowings from securitization transactions | $ | 957 | $ | 690 | $ | 1,026 | |||||||||||
| Repayment of debt related to securitization transactions | (868) | (960) | (880) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from debt | 1,111 | 1,166 | 935 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of debt | (1,339) | (705) | (820) | ||||||||||||||
| Finance lease payment | (5) | (11) | (12) | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase of convertible note hedges | (100) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of warrants | 70 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of debt issuance costs | (22) | (14) | (20) | ||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | (78) | (82) | (465) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of dividends | (23) | (45) | (81) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of withholding taxes on vesting of restricted stock units | (20) | (16) | (15) | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | — | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (used in) provided by financing activities | $ | (317) | $ | 23 | $ | (331) | |||||||||||
Borrowings from / Repayment of Debt Related to Securitization Transactions
We reflect proceeds from securitizations of vacation ownership notes receivable, including draw downs on the Warehouse Credit Facility, as “Borrowings from securitization transactions.” We reflect repayments of bonds associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations and repayments on the Warehouse Credit Facility (including vacation ownership notes receivable repurchases) as “Repayment of debt related to securitization transactions.”
We account for our securitizations of vacation ownership notes receivable as secured borrowings and therefore do not recognize a gain or loss as a result of the transaction. The results of operations for the securitization entities are consolidated within our results of operations as these entities are variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary.
During the second quarter of 2021, we completed the securitization of a pool of $434 million of vacation ownership notes receivable. In connection with the securitization, investors purchased in a private placement $425 million in vacation ownership loan backed notes from MVW 2021-1W LLC (the “2021-1W LLC”). Of the $425 million in proceeds from the transaction, $8 million was used to pay transaction expenses and fund required reserves, and the remainder is being used for general corporate purposes. In connection with the 2021-1W securitization, we redeemed certain remaining vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations from 2014 and 2015, as well as certain vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations acquired as part of the Welk Acquisition.
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed the securitization of a pool of $434 million of vacation ownership notes receivable. Approximately $376 million of the vacation ownership notes receivable were purchased by the MVW 2021-2 LLC (the “2021-2 LLC”) during the fourth quarter of 2021, and as of December 31, 2021, the 2021-2 LLC held $57 million of the proceeds, which was released as the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable were purchased subsequent to December 31, 2021. In connection with the securitization during the fourth quarter of 2021, investors purchased in a private placement $425 million in vacation ownership loan backed notes from the 2021-2 LLC. Of the $425 million in proceeds from the transaction, approximately $107 million was used to repay all outstanding amounts previously drawn under our Warehouse Credit Facility, approximately $8 million was used to pay transaction expenses and fund required reserves, and the remainder is being used for general corporate purposes.
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we securitized vacation ownership notes receivable under our Warehouse Credit Facility. The carrying amount of the vacation ownership notes receivable securitized was $126 million. The average advance rate was 85%, which resulted in total gross proceeds of $107 million. Total net proceeds were $106 million due to the funding of reserve accounts of $1 million.
As of December 31, 2021, $113 million of gross vacation ownership notes receivable were eligible for securitization.
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Proceeds from / Repayments of Debt
Borrowings from / Repayment of Corporate Credit Facility
During 2021, we repaid $100 million of the amount outstanding under the Term Loan, which is part of our Corporate Credit Facility. Additionally, during 2021, we borrowed $50 million and repaid $50 million under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, which is also part of our Corporate Credit Facility, and had no amounts outstanding under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility as of December 31, 2021.
During 2020, we borrowed $666 million under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, which is part of our Corporate Credit Facility, to facilitate the funding of our short-term working capital needs and to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of the impact on global markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. During 2020, we repaid $696 million under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility and no amounts were outstanding as of December 31, 2020. Additionally, during 2020, we repaid $9 million of the amount outstanding under the Term Loan.
During 2019, we borrowed $585 million under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility to facilitate the funding of our short-term working capital needs, of which $554 million was repaid during 2019. Also during 2019, we repaid $7 million of the amount outstanding under the Term Loan.
See Footnote 16 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding our Corporate Credit Facility.
Proceeds from / Repayments of Senior Notes
The following activity related to our senior notes occurred during 2021, as further discussed in Footnote 16 “Debt” to our Financial Statements.
•We issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.500% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) and used the proceeds to redeem a portion of the 2026 Notes and pay transaction expenses and fees in connection with the transaction.
•We redeemed, prior to maturity, all of the $750 million aggregate principal amount of 6.500% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2026 issued in the third quarter of 2018 (the “2026 Notes”) pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the 2026 Notes. In connection with the redemption of the 2026 Notes, we incurred charges of $36 million, including a redemption premium and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs, which was recorded in (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net line on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021.
•We redeemed, prior to maturity, $250 million of the $500 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 issued in the second quarter of 2020 (the “2025 Notes”) pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the 2025 Notes. In connection with this redemption, we incurred charges of $19 million, including a redemption premium and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs, which was recorded in (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net line on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021.
During the second quarter of 2020, we issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes. After deducting offering expenses and the underwriting discount, we received net proceeds of approximately $493 million from the offering of the 2025 Notes, which we used to repay all amounts outstanding at that time on our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility.
During 2019, we issued $350 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.750% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2028 (“the 2028 Notes”). The net proceeds from the 2028 Notes were used (i) to redeem all of the outstanding 5.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2023 assumed in connection with the ILG Acquisition (the “IAC Notes”), (ii) to redeem all of the outstanding 5.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2023 offered in exchange for the IAC Notes during the third quarter of 2018 (the “Exchange Notes”), (iii) to repay a portion of the then outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, (iv) to pay transaction expenses and fees in connection with each of the foregoing and (v) for general corporate purposes.
Repayments of Non-interest Bearing Note Payable
During 2019, we paid the last installment of $31 million on a non-interest bearing note payable related to the acquisition of 112 completed vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii in 2017.
Debt Issuance Costs
In 2021, we incurred $22 million of debt issuance costs, which included $11 million associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, $7 million associated with the issuance of senior notes, $2 million associated with an amendment of the Warehouse Credit Facility, $1 million associated with the issuance of convertible senior notes, and $1
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million associated with the amendment of a waiver (“the Waiver”) to the agreement that governs our Corporate Credit Facility, which, among other things, suspended the requirement to comply with the leverage covenant in the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020.
In 2020, we incurred $14 million of debt issuance costs, which included $7 million associated with the issuance of senior notes, $5 million associated with a vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, $1 million associated with an amendment and extension of the Warehouse Credit Facility, and $1 million related to the Waiver.
In 2019, we incurred $20 million of debt issuance costs, which included $12 million associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, $5 million associated with the issuance of senior notes, $2 million associated with an amendment and extension of the Warehouse Credit Facility, and $1 million related to the Waiver.
Repurchase of Common Stock
The following table summarizes share repurchase activity under our current share repurchase program:
| ($ in millions, except per share amounts) | Number of Shares Repurchased | Cost of Shares Repurchased | Average Price Paid per Share | ||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | 17,188,885 | $ | 1,340 | $ | 77.95 | ||||||||||||
| For the year ended December 31, 2021 | 492,510 | 78 | 157.77 | ||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | 17,681,395 | $ | 1,418 | $ | 80.17 | ||||||||||||
See Footnote 17 “Shareholders' Equity” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our share repurchase program, including the additional share repurchase authorization approved by our Board of Directors subsequent to the end of 2021.
Payment of Dividends to Common Shareholders
We distributed cash dividends to holders of common stock for the year ended December 31, 2021 as follows:
| Declaration Date | Shareholder Record Date | Distribution Date | Dividend per Share | |||||||||||||||||
| September 10, 2021 | September 23, 2021 | October 7, 2021 | $0.54 | |||||||||||||||||
On December 9, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.54 per share that was paid subsequent to the end of 2021, on January 6, 2022, to shareholders of record as of December 23, 2021. On February 18, 2022 subsequent to the end of 2021, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.62 per share to be paid on March 17, 2022 to shareholders of record as of March 3, 2022.
We currently expect to pay quarterly dividends in the future, but any future dividend payments will be subject to Board approval, which will depend on our financial condition, results of operations and capital requirements, as well as applicable law, regulatory constraints, industry practice and other business considerations that our Board of Directors considers relevant. In addition, our Corporate Credit Facility and the indentures governing our senior notes contain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, and the terms of agreements governing debt that we may incur in the future may also limit or prohibit the payment of dividends. The payment of certain cash dividends may also result in an adjustment to the conversion rate of our convertible notes in a manner adverse to us. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future at any particular rate or at all.
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Material Cash Requirements
The following table summarizes our future material cash requirements from known contractual or other obligations as of December 31, 2021:
| Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Total | Less Than 1 Year | 1 - 3 Years | 3 - 5 Years | More Than 5 Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt(1) | $ | 3,082 | $ | 311 | $ | 139 | $ | 1,704 | $ | 928 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt(1) (2) | 2,094 | 233 | 461 | 444 | 956 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations(3) | 379 | 250 | 92 | 37 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations | 127 | 25 | 43 | 34 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finance lease obligations(4) | 283 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 259 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other long-term obligations(5) | 34 | 24 | 6 | 3 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 5,999 | $ | 850 | $ | 750 | $ | 2,230 | $ | 2,169 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
_________________________
(1)Includes principal as well as interest payments and excludes unamortized debt discount and issuance costs.
(2)Payments based on estimated timing of cash flow associated with securitized notes receivable.
(3)Arrangements are considered purchase obligations if a contract specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, a pricing structure, and approximate timing of the transaction. Amounts reflected herein represent expected funding under such contracts. Amounts reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts payable and accrued liabilities are excluded from the table above.
(4)Includes interest.
(5)Primarily relates to future guaranteed purchases of rental inventory, operational support services, marketing related benefits, membership fulfillment benefits and other commitments.
In the normal course of our resort management business, we enter into purchase commitments on behalf of owners’ associations to manage the daily operating needs of our resorts. Since we are reimbursed for these commitments from the cash flows of the resorts, these obligations have minimal impact on our net income and cash flow.
Leases That Have Not Yet Commenced
During the first quarter of 2020, we entered into a finance lease arrangement, that was amended in 2021, for a new corporate office building in Orlando, Florida. The new Orlando corporate office building is currently expected to be completed in 2023, at which time the lease term will commence and a right-of-use asset and corresponding liability will be recorded on our balance sheet. The initial lease term is approximately 16 years with total lease payments of $137 million for the aforementioned period. See Footnote 14 “Leases” to our Financial Statements for additional information on this lease, including additional arrangements made as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Supplemental Guarantor Information
The 2028 Notes are guaranteed by MVWC, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. (“MORI”), and certain other subsidiaries whose voting securities are wholly owned directly or indirectly by MORI (such subsidiaries collectively, the “Senior Notes Guarantors”). These guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The guarantees of the Senior Notes Guarantors are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions.
The following tables present consolidating financial information as of December 31, 2021, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, for MVWC and MORI on a stand-alone basis (collectively, the “Issuers”), the Senior Notes Guarantors, the combined non-guarantor subsidiaries of MVW, and MVW on a consolidated basis.
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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
| As of December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuers | Senior Notes Guarantors | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Total Eliminations | MVW Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | MVWC | MORI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | 126 | $ | 77 | $ | 139 | $ | — | $ | 342 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | — | 18 | 94 | 349 | — | 461 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 14 | 49 | 172 | 119 | (75) | 279 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable, net | — | 127 | 203 | 1,715 | — | 2,045 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory | — | 244 | 381 | 94 | — | 719 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | — | 200 | 644 | 292 | — | 1,136 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | — | — | 2,841 | 309 | — | 3,150 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangibles, net | — | — | 840 | 153 | — | 993 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | 3,645 | 4,371 | — | — | (8,016) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 76 | 108 | 211 | 107 | (14) | 488 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 3,735 | $ | 5,243 | $ | 5,463 | $ | 3,277 | $ | (8,105) | $ | 9,613 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 63 | $ | 22 | $ | 121 | $ | 59 | $ | — | $ | 265 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advance deposits | — | 69 | 70 | 21 | — | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | 12 | 151 | 145 | 114 | (77) | 345 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | — | 11 | 151 | 291 | — | 453 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payroll and benefits liability | — | 102 | 72 | 27 | — | 201 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred compensation liability | — | 114 | 25 | 3 | — | 142 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securitized debt, net | — | — | — | 1,877 | (21) | 1,856 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt, net | 684 | 1,870 | 76 | 1 | — | 2,631 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | 19 | 172 | 33 | — | 224 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes | — | 91 | 250 | — | 9 | 350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MVW shareholders' equity | 2,976 | 2,794 | 4,381 | 841 | (8,016) | 2,976 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | 10 | — | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 3,735 | $ | 5,243 | $ | 5,463 | $ | 3,277 | $ | (8,105) | $ | 9,613 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
| 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuers | Senior Notes Guarantors | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Total Eliminations | MVW Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | MVWC | MORI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | — | $ | 673 | $ | 2,435 | $ | 881 | $ | (99) | $ | 3,890 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | (37) | (925) | (2,172) | (728) | 99 | (3,763) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit from (provision for) income taxes | 12 | 70 | (99) | (57) | — | (74) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiaries | 74 | 251 | — | — | (325) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 49 | 69 | 164 | 96 | (325) | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | (4) | — | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | 49 | $ | 69 | $ | 164 | $ | 92 | $ | (325) | $ | 49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for information regarding accounting standards adopted in 2021 and other new accounting standards that were issued but not effective as of December 31, 2021.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) it requires assumptions to be made that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made; and (2) changes in the estimate, or different estimates that could have been selected, could have a material effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly. Additionally, changes in our assumptions, estimates or assessments as a result of unforeseen events or otherwise could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our critical accounting policies and estimates, which are as follows:
•Revenue recognition, including how we recognize revenue under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) for the sale of vacation ownership products, including our estimates of variable consideration. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on the customer class and the results of our static pool analyses, which rely on historical payment data by customer class. Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenue. Revenues were reduced during 2021 by $9 million due to changes in our estimates of variable consideration for performance obligations that were satisfied in prior periods. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information on our assessments of our vacation ownership notes receivable reserve, including factors attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic.
•Purchase price allocations of business combinations, which is also discussed in Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of a business acquisition are generally recorded at their fair value at the date of acquisition. The excess of purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Determining fair value of identifiable assets, particularly intangibles, requires management to make estimates, which are based on all available information and in some cases assumptions with respect to the timing and amount of future revenues and expenses associated with an asset. On April 1, 2021, we acquired Welk (see Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for further information).
•Inventories and cost of vacation ownership products, which requires estimation of future revenues, including incremental revenues from future price increases or from the sale of reacquired inventory resulting from defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable, and development costs to apply a relative sales value method specific to the vacation ownership industry and how we evaluate the fair value of our vacation ownership inventory. For each vacation ownership product, we expense real estate inventory costs in the same proportion as we recognize the revenue. Consistent with the applicable accounting guidance, to the extent there is a change in the estimated sales revenues or inventory costs for the project in a period, a non-cash adjustment is recorded on our income statements to true-up costs in that period to those that would have been recorded historically if the revised estimates had been used. These true-ups, which we refer to as product cost true-up activity, can have a positive or negative impact on our income statements. During 2021, we recorded a change in estimate of $5 million as an increase to development profit.
•Valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, including how we evaluate the fair value of intangible assets and reporting units, and when we record an impairment loss on intangible assets or goodwill. During the 2021 fourth quarter, we conducted our annual goodwill impairment test and no impairment charges were recorded. The estimated fair values of all our reporting units significantly exceeded their carrying values at the date of their most recent estimated fair value determination. During 2021, we evaluated our intangibles for impairment and did not record any impairment charges.
•Accounting for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, where estimates of future cash flows are based largely on the customer class and the results of our static pool analysis. In addition, the valuation of acquired vacation ownership notes receivable includes a material estimate of the fair value of the underlying collateral which would be retained in the event of customer default. See further discussion included in Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements.
•Loss contingencies, including information on how we account for loss contingencies. Accruals for contingent liabilities are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred, or an asset impaired, and the amount
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of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities accrued for legal matters require judgments regarding projected outcomes and range of loss based on historical litigation and settlement experience, recommendations of legal counsel and, if applicable, other experts. We utilize in-house legal experts to develop estimates of our legal obligations. These estimates are supplemented, as needed, by third-party specialists to analyze our most complex contingent liabilities.
•Income taxes, including information on how we determine our current year amounts payable or refundable, as well as our estimate of deferred tax assets and liabilities. We record our global tax provision based on the respective tax rules and regulations for the jurisdictions in which we operate. Where we believe that a tax position is supportable for income tax purposes, the item is included in our income tax returns. The accounting guidance related to uncertain tax positions requires an evaluation process for all tax positions taken that involves a review of probability for sustaining a tax position. Where treatment of a position is uncertain, liabilities are recorded based upon our evaluation of the “more likely than not” outcome considering technical merits of the position based on specific tax regulations and facts of each matter. Changes to recorded liabilities are only made when an identifiable event occurs that changes the likely outcome, such as settlement with the relevant tax authority, the expiration of statutes of limitation for the subject tax year, change in tax laws, or recent court cases that are relevant to the matter.
Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the need for and magnitude of appropriate valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. The realization of these assets is dependent on generating future taxable income, as well as successful implementation of various tax planning strategies.
We provide for income taxes on a quarterly basis based on an estimated annual tax rate. In determining this rate, we make estimates about taxable income for each of our largest locations worldwide, as well as the tax rate that will be in effect for each location. To the extent these estimates change during the year, or actual results differ from these estimates, our estimated annual tax rate may change between quarterly periods and may differ from the actual effective tax rate for the year. While we believe that these judgments and estimates are appropriate and reasonable under the circumstances, actual resolution of these matters may differ from recorded estimated amounts.
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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, and debt prices. We manage our exposure to these risks by monitoring available financing alternatives, through pricing policies that may take into account currency exchange rates, and by entering into derivative arrangements.
We are exposed to interest rate risk through borrowings on our Warehouse Credit Facility and our Corporate Credit Facility, which includes our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility and our Term Loan, as these facilities bear interest at variable rates. All other interest bearing debt, including securitized debt, incurs interest at fixed rates. Changes in interest rates also impact the fair value of our fixed-rate notes receivable and our fixed-rate debt.
The following table sets forth the scheduled maturities and the total fair value as of year-end 2021 for our financial instruments that are impacted by market risks:
We are exposed to currency exchange rate risk through investments in foreign subsidiaries that transact business in a currency other than the U.S. dollar and through the revaluation of assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency.
We use derivative instruments as part of our overall strategy to manage our exposure to market risks associated with fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange rates. As a matter of policy, we only enter into transactions that we believe will be highly effective at offsetting the underlying risk and we do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. However, we cannot assure you that these transactions will be as effective as we anticipate.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The following financial information is included on the pages indicated.
| Page | |||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42) | |||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42) | |||||
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MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON
INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance on the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the Company’s transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance on prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In connection with the preparation of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements, management has undertaken an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the “COSO criteria”).
Based on this assessment, management has concluded that, applying the COSO criteria, as of December 31, 2021, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective to provide reasonable assurance of the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
In the second quarter of 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Welk Hospitality Group, Inc. (“Welk”). The Company is in the process of evaluating Welk’s existing controls and procedures and integrating Welk into its internal control over financial reporting. In accordance with SEC Staff guidance permitting a company to exclude an acquired business from management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting for the year in which the acquisition is completed, the Company has excluded the business acquired from its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. The business that the Company acquired represented 9% of the Company’s total assets as of December 31, 2021, and 4% of the Company’s revenues and 11% of the Company’s income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this report, has issued a report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, a copy of which appears on the next page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.
As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Welk Hospitality Group, Inc. (Welk), which is included in the 2021 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted 9% of total assets, as of December 31, 2021 and 4% and 11% of revenues and income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, respectively, for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Welk.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and our report dated March 1, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Orlando, Florida
March 1, 2022
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 1, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
| Cost of Vacation Ownership Products | |||||
| Description of the Matter | The Company’s cost of vacation ownership products was $250 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for the cost of vacation ownership products utilizing the relative sales value method in accordance with the authoritative guidance for accounting for real estate time-sharing transactions. Changes in estimates used in applying the relative sales value method are recognized in the period that the changes occur. | ||||
Auditing the Company’s application of the relative sales value method was challenging due to the nature and extent of audit effort required as the calculations are complex and contain a significant volume of data. Additionally, the determination of the cost of vacation ownership products was sensitive to certain estimates, such as estimated future revenue from sale of vacation ownership products, which are affected by expectations about future market and economic conditions. | |||||
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| Cost of Vacation Ownership Products | |||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s process to determine the cost of vacation ownership products. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of the calculations, including the inputs and certain estimates, such as estimated future revenue from sale of vacation ownership products. To test the cost of vacation ownership products, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing the methodologies used, evaluating the estimates discussed above and testing the completeness and accuracy of the data used by the Company in the calculations. For example, we agreed inputs to the calculations to historical data and source documentation and evaluated the estimates used in the calculations, such as estimated future revenue from sale of vacation ownership products, utilizing historical operating results and relevant market information available. We involved real estate subject matter resources on our team because the application of the relative sales value method is unique to companies in the real estate time-sharing industry. | ||||
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/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011.
Orlando, Florida
March 1, 2022
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MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Fiscal Years 2021, 2020 and 2019
(In millions, except per share amounts)
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Fiscal Years 2021, 2020 and 2019
(In millions)
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | 53 | $ | (256) | $ | 142 | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | 11 | 6 | (27) | ||||||||||||||
| Derivative instrument adjustment, net of tax | 21 | (18) | (15) | ||||||||||||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX | 32 | (12) | (42) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4) | (19) | (4) | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | (4) | (19) | (4) | ||||||||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | $ | 81 | $ | (287) | $ | 96 | |||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Fiscal Year-End 2021 and 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data)
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 342 | $ | 524 | |||||||
Restricted cash (including $139 and $68 from VIEs, respectively) | 461 | 468 | |||||||||
Accounts receivable, net (including $12 and $11 from VIEs, respectively) | 279 | 276 | |||||||||
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net (including $1,662 and $1,493 from VIEs, respectively) | 2,045 | 1,840 | |||||||||
| Inventory | 719 | 759 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 1,136 | 791 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 3,150 | 2,817 | |||||||||
| Intangibles, net | 993 | 952 | |||||||||
Other (including $76 and $54 from VIEs, respectively) | 488 | 471 | |||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 9,613 | $ | 8,898 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 265 | $ | 209 | |||||||
| Advance deposits | 160 | 147 | |||||||||
Accrued liabilities (including $2 and $1 from VIEs, respectively) | 345 | 349 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 453 | 488 | |||||||||
| Payroll and benefits liability | 201 | 157 | |||||||||
| Deferred compensation liability | 142 | 127 | |||||||||
Securitized debt, net (including $1,877 and $1,604 from VIEs, respectively) | 1,856 | 1,588 | |||||||||
| Debt, net | 2,631 | 2,680 | |||||||||
| Other | 224 | 197 | |||||||||
| Deferred taxes | 350 | 274 | |||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | 6,627 | 6,216 | |||||||||
Contingencies and Commitments (Note 13) | |||||||||||
Preferred stock — $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding | — | — | |||||||||
Common stock — $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 75,519,049 and 75,279,061 shares issued, respectively | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Treasury stock — at cost; 33,235,671 and 34,184,813 shares, respectively | (1,356) | (1,334) | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 4,072 | 3,760 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (16) | (48) | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 275 | 272 | |||||||||
| TOTAL MVW SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | 2,976 | 2,651 | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | 10 | 31 | |||||||||
| TOTAL EQUITY | 2,986 | 2,682 | |||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | $ | 9,613 | $ | 8,898 | |||||||
The abbreviation VIEs above means Variable Interest Entities.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Fiscal Years 2021, 2020 and 2019
(In millions)
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| OPERATING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 53 | $ | (256) | $ | 142 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization of intangibles | 146 | 123 | 141 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | 56 | 22 | 19 | ||||||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable reserve | 101 | 150 | 112 | ||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 51 | 36 | 33 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment charges | 3 | 100 | 99 | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on disposal of property and equipment, net | — | (4) | (18) | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 34 | (38) | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisition: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | — | 21 | 69 | ||||||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable originations | (750) | (377) | (817) | ||||||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable collections | 686 | 620 | 493 | ||||||||||||||
| Inventory | 61 | 18 | 65 | ||||||||||||||
| Other assets | (46) | 44 | 37 | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, advance deposits and accrued liabilities | 42 | (146) | 17 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 88 | 59 | 10 | ||||||||||||||
| Payroll and benefit liabilities | 35 | (29) | (25) | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred compensation liability | 22 | 17 | 18 | ||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 27 | — | 23 | ||||||||||||||
| Deconsolidation of certain Consolidated Property Owners' Associations | (168) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase of vacation ownership units for future transfer to inventory | (98) | (61) | (20) | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | — | — | (21) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by operating activities | 343 | 299 | 382 | ||||||||||||||
| INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of a business, net of cash and restricted cash acquired | (157) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from collection of notes receivable | — | — | 38 | ||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures for property and equipment (excluding inventory) | (47) | (41) | (46) | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase of company owned life insurance | (14) | (6) | (6) | ||||||||||||||
| Dispositions, net | 3 | 15 | 51 | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | 2 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (213) | (32) | 37 | ||||||||||||||
Continued
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
Fiscal Years 2021, 2020 and 2019
(In millions)
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings from securitization transactions | 957 | 690 | 1,026 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayment of debt related to securitization transactions | (868) | (960) | (880) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from debt | 1,111 | 1,166 | 935 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of debt | (1,339) | (705) | (820) | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase of convertible note hedges | (100) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of warrants | 70 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of debt issuance costs | (22) | (14) | (20) | ||||||||||||||
| Finance lease payment | (5) | (11) | (12) | ||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | (78) | (82) | (465) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of dividends | (23) | (45) | (81) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of withholding taxes on vesting of restricted stock units | (20) | (16) | (15) | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | — | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (317) | 23 | (331) | ||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (2) | 1 | (1) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (189) | 291 | 87 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year | 992 | 701 | 614 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year | $ | 803 | $ | 992 | $ | 701 | |||||||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES | |||||||||||||||||
| Dividends payable | $ | 23 | $ | — | $ | 23 | |||||||||||
| Non-cash issuance of treasury stock in connection with Welk Acquisition | 248 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Non-cash transfer from inventory to property and equipment | 105 | 74 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Non-cash transfer from property and equipment to inventory | 2 | — | 71 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-cash transfer from other assets to property and equipment | 22 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Non-cash issuance of treasury stock for employee stock purchase plan | 3 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | 184 | 176 | 167 | ||||||||||||||
| Income taxes paid, net of refunds | (13) | (32) | 53 | ||||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Fiscal Years 2021, 2020 and 2019
(In millions)
| Common Stock Issued | Common Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings | Total MVW Shareholders' Equity | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 57.6 | BALANCE AT YEAR-END 2018 | $ | 1 | $ | (790) | $ | 3,721 | $ | 6 | $ | 523 | $ | 3,461 | $ | 5 | $ | 3,466 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Impact of adoption of | — | — | — | — | (8) | (8) | — | (8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 57.6 | OPENING BALANCE 2019 | $ | 1 | $ | (790) | $ | 3,721 | $ | 6 | $ | 515 | $ | 3,453 | $ | 5 | $ | 3,458 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Net income | — | — | — | — | 138 | 138 | 4 | 142 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ILG Acquisition purchase accounting adjustment | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | (27) | — | (27) | — | (27) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Derivative instrument adjustment | — | — | — | (15) | — | (15) | — | (15) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0.3 | Amounts related to share-based compensation | — | — | 16 | — | — | 16 | — | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Repurchase of common stock | — | (465) | — | — | — | (465) | — | (465) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Dividends | — | — | — | — | (84) | (84) | — | (84) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17.1 | Tax restructuring transaction | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Employee stock plan issuance | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75.0 | BALANCE AT YEAR-END 2019 | $ | 1 | $ | (1,253) | $ | 3,738 | $ | (36) | $ | 569 | $ | 3,019 | $ | 12 | $ | 3,031 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Net (loss) income | — | — | — | — | (275) | (275) | 19 | (256) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | 6 | — | 6 | — | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Derivative instrument adjustment | — | — | — | (18) | — | (18) | — | (18) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0.3 | Amounts related to share-based compensation | — | — | 21 | — | — | 21 | — | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Repurchase of common stock | — | (82) | — | — | — | (82) | — | (82) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Dividends | — | — | — | — | (22) | (22) | — | (22) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Employee stock plan issuance | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75.3 | BALANCE AT YEAR-END 2020 | $ | 1 | $ | (1,334) | $ | 3,760 | $ | (48) | $ | 272 | $ | 2,651 | $ | 31 | $ | 2,682 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Net income | — | — | — | — | 49 | 49 | 4 | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Welk Acquisition | — | 55 | 193 | — | — | 248 | — | 248 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | 11 | — | 11 | — | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Derivative instrument adjustment | — | — | — | 21 | — | 21 | — | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0.2 | Amounts related to share-based compensation | — | 1 | 29 | — | — | 30 | — | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Equity component of convertible notes, net of issuance costs | — | — | 117 | — | — | 117 | — | 117 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Purchase of convertible note hedges | — | — | (100) | — | — | (100) | — | (100) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Issuance of warrants | — | — | 70 | — | — | 70 | — | 70 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Repurchase of common stock | — | (78) | — | — | — | (78) | — | (78) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Dividends | — | — | — | — | (46) | (46) | — | (46) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Employee stock plan issuance | — | — | 3 | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Deconsolidation of certain Consolidated Property Owners' Associations | — | — | — | — | — | — | (25) | (25) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75.5 | BALANCE AT YEAR-END 2021 | $ | 1 | $ | (1,356) | $ | 4,072 | $ | (16) | $ | 275 | $ | 2,976 | $ | 10 | $ | 2,986 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The consolidated financial statements present the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation (referred to in this report as (i) “we,” “us,” “Marriott Vacations Worldwide,” “MVW,” or “the Company,” which includes our consolidated subsidiaries except where the context of the reference is to a single corporate entity, or (ii) “MVWC,” which shall refer only to Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, without its consolidated subsidiaries). In order to make this report easier to read, we refer throughout to (i) our Consolidated Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income as our “Income Statements,” (iii) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheets,” and (iv) our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as our “Cash Flows.” References throughout to numbered “Footnotes” refer to the numbered Notes in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, unless otherwise noted. We also refer to Marriott International, Inc. as “Marriott International” and Marriott International’s Marriott Bonvoy customer loyalty program as “Marriott Bonvoy.” We use certain other terms that are defined within these Financial Statements.
The Financial Statements presented herein and discussed below include 100% of the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and cash flows of Marriott Vacations Worldwide, all entities in which Marriott Vacations Worldwide has a controlling voting interest (“subsidiaries”), and those variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which Marriott Vacations Worldwide is the primary beneficiary in accordance with consolidation accounting guidance. References in these Financial Statements to net income or loss attributable to common shareholders and MVW shareholders’ equity do not include noncontrolling interests, which represent the outside ownership of our consolidated non-wholly owned entities and are reported separately. Intercompany accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in consolidation.
Pursuant to a change in control of certain consolidated owners’ associations, we recorded a non-cash loss of $1 million in (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021, and deconsolidated $179 million of assets, inclusive of $168 million of restricted cash, and $155 million of liabilities, for a decrease in Noncontrolling interests of $25 million during 2021. See our Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for further information. We continue to act as manager for these owners’ associations pursuant to existing management contracts and retain membership interests via our ownership of vacation ownership interests.
These Financial Statements reflect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows as prepared in conformity with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, allocations of the purchase price paid in business combinations, cost of vacation ownership products, inventory valuation, goodwill and intangibles valuation, accounting for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, vacation ownership notes receivable reserves, income taxes, and loss contingencies. The uncertainty created by the continuing COVID-19 pandemic (as defined below), and efforts to mitigate it, has made it more challenging to make these estimates. Accordingly, ultimate results could differ from these estimated amounts, and such differences may be material.
We have reclassified certain prior year amounts to conform with our current year presentation.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Restructuring Update
In early 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic (“COVID-19,” “the COVID-19 pandemic,” “the pandemic,” or “the virus”). The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in international and U.S. economies and markets, and has had an unprecedented impact on the travel and hospitality industries, as well as the Company. Our results of operations for fiscal year 2021 and 2020 reflect significantly adverse impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. At this time, our businesses continue to recover, and nearly all of our sales centers, resorts, and other properties have reopened, however the COVID-19 pandemic, and any recovery therefrom, continues to evolve and its further potential impacts on our business is the future remain uncertain. We continue to closely monitor and seek to actively manage the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations, and to adapt our operations. We recorded $25 million in Restructuring charges on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2020, related to a workforce reduction plan that was adopted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The balance in our restructuring reserve as of December 31, 2020 was $17 million and related solely to employee termination costs. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a true up of less than $1 million in Restructuring charges on our Income Statement, and our restructuring reserve balance was less than $1 million as of December 31, 2021.
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Acquisition of Welk
On April 1, 2021 (the “Welk Acquisition Date”), we completed the acquisition of Welk Hospitality Group, Inc. (“Welk”) through a series of transactions (the “Welk Acquisition”), after which Welk became our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary. The Financial Statements in this report for fiscal year 2021 include Welk’s results of operations for the last three quarters of 2021, and reflect the financial position of our combined company at December 31, 2021. We refer to the business and brands that we acquired in the Welk Acquisition as “Legacy-Welk.” See Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” for more information on the Welk Acquisition.
Acquisition of ILG
On September 1, 2018 (the “ILG Acquisition Date”), we completed the acquisition of ILG, LLC, formerly known as ILG, Inc. (“ILG”), through a series of transactions (the “ILG Acquisition”), after which ILG became our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary. We refer to our business associated with brands that existed prior to the ILG Acquisition as “Legacy-MVW” and to ILG’s business and brands that we acquired as “Legacy-ILG.”
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Revenue Recognition
We account for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”).
Sale of Vacation Ownership Products
We market and sell vacation ownership products in our Vacation Ownership segment. Vacation ownership products include deeded vacation ownership products, deeded beneficial interests, rights to use real estate and other interests in trusts that solely hold real estate (collectively “vacation ownership products” or “VOIs”). Vacation ownership products may be sold for cash or we may provide financing.
In connection with the sale of vacation ownership products, we provide sales incentives to certain purchasers and, in certain cases, membership in a brand affiliated club. Non-cash incentives typically include Marriott Bonvoy points, Hyatt’s customer loyalty program points (“World of Hyatt” points), or an alternative sales incentive that we refer to as “plus points.” Plus points are redeemable for stays at our resorts or for use in an exclusive selection of travel packages provided by affiliate tour operators (the “Explorer Collection”), generally up to two years from the date of issuance. Typically, sales incentives are only awarded if the sale is closed.
Upon execution of a legal sales agreement, we typically receive an upfront deposit from our customer with the remainder of the purchase price for the vacation ownership product to either be collected at closing (“cash contract”) or financed by the customer through our financing programs (“financed contract”). Refer to “Financing Revenues” below for further information regarding financing terms. Customer deposits received for contracts are recorded as Advance deposits on our Balance Sheets until the point in time at which control of the vacation ownership product has transferred to the customer.
Our assessment of collectability of the transaction price for sales of vacation ownership products is aligned with our credit granting policies for financed contracts. In determining the consideration to which we expect to be entitled for financed contracts, we include estimated variable consideration in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on the customer class and the results of our static pool analyses, which rely on historical payment data by customer class as described in “Loan Loss Reserves” below. Variable consideration which has not been included within the transaction price is presented as a reserve on vacation ownership notes receivable. Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenue. Revenues were reduced during 2021 by $9 million due to changes in our estimates of variable consideration for performance obligations that were satisfied in prior periods. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” for information on increases to our vacation ownership notes receivable reserve attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we account for cash incentives provided to customers as a reduction of the transaction price. Refer to “Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations” below for a description of our methods of allocating transaction price to each performance obligation.
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We evaluated our business practices, and the underlying risks and rewards associated with vacation ownership products and the respective timing that such risks and rewards are transferred to the customer in determining the point in time at which control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer. Based upon the different terms of the contracts with the customer and business practices, we transfer control of the vacation ownership product at different times for our different businesses. We recognize revenue on the sale of Legacy-MVW and Legacy-Welk vacation ownership products at closing. We recognize revenue on the sale of Legacy-ILG vacation ownership products upon expiration of the rescission period.
Revenue for non-cash incentives, such as plus points, is recorded as Deferred revenue on our Balance Sheets at closing and is recognized as rental revenue upon transfer of control to the customer, which typically occurs upon delivery of the incentive, or at the point in time when the incentive is redeemed. For non-cash incentives provided by third parties (i.e. Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points or third-party Explorer Collection offerings), we evaluated whether we control the underlying good or service prior to delivery to the customer. We concluded that we are an agent for those non-cash incentives which we do not control prior to delivery and as such record the related revenue net of the related cost upon recognition.
Management and Exchange Revenues and Cost Reimbursements Revenues
Ancillary Revenues
Ancillary revenues consist of goods and services that are sold or provided by us at food and beverage outlets, golf courses and other retail and service outlets located at our resorts. Payments for such goods and services are generally received at the point of sale in the form of cash or credit card charges. For goods and services sold, we evaluate whether we control the underlying goods or services prior to delivery to the customer. For transactions where we do not control the goods or services prior to delivery, the related revenue is recorded net of the related cost upon recognition. We recognize ancillary revenue at the point in time when goods have been provided and/or services have been rendered.
Management Fee Revenues and Cost Reimbursements Revenues
We provide day-to-day-management services, including housekeeping services, operation of reservation systems, maintenance and certain accounting and administrative services for owners’ associations, condominium owners and hotels.
We generate revenue from fees we earn for managing vacation ownership resorts, clubs, owners’ associations, condominiums and hotels. In our Vacation Ownership segment, these fees are earned regardless of usage or occupancy and are typically based on either a percentage of the budgeted costs to operate the resorts or a fixed fee arrangement (“VO management fee revenues”). In our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, we earn base management fees which are typically either (i) fixed amounts, (ii) amounts based on a percentage of adjusted gross lodging revenue, or (iii) various revenue sharing agreements based on stated formulas (“Base management fee revenues”) and incentive management fees, which are generally a percentage of either operating profits or improvement in operating profits (“Incentive management fees”). In addition, we receive reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of our customers, which consist of actual expenses with no added margin (“cost reimbursements”). Vacation Ownership segment cost reimbursements revenues exclude amounts that we have paid to the owners’ associations related to maintenance fees for unsold vacation ownership products, as we have concluded that such payments are consideration payable to a customer.
Management fees are collected over time or upfront depending upon the specific management contract. Cost reimbursements are received over time and considered variable consideration. We have determined that a significant financing component does not exist as a substantial amount of the consideration promised by the customer is paid when the associated variable consideration is determined.
We evaluated the nature of the management services provided and concluded that the management services constitute a series of distinct services to be accounted for as a single performance obligation transferred over time. We use an input method, the number of days that management services are provided, to recognize VO management fee revenues and Base management fee revenues, which is consistent with the pattern of transfer to the customers who receive and consume the benefits as services are provided each day. We recognize Incentive management fees as earned throughout the incentive period based on actual results, which is subject to estimation of the transaction price.
Any consideration we receive in advance of services being rendered is recorded as Deferred revenue on our Balance Sheets and is recognized ratably across the service period to which it relates. We recognize variable consideration for Cost reimbursements revenues when the reimbursable costs are incurred.
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Other Services Revenues
Other services revenues includes revenues from membership fees, club dues and additional fees for services we provide to customers. Membership fees and club dues are received in advance of providing access to the exchange services, are recorded as Deferred revenue on our Balance Sheets and are earned regardless of whether exchange services are provided. Generally, Interval International memberships are cancellable and refundable on a pro-rata basis, with the exception of the Interval International network’s Platinum tier which is non-refundable. Transaction-based fees are typically collected at a point in time.
We have determined that exchange services constitute a stand-ready obligation for us to provide unlimited access to exchange services over a defined period of time, when and if a customer (or customer of a customer) requests. We have determined that customers benefit from the stand-ready obligation evenly throughout the period in which the customer has access to exchange services and as such, recognize membership fees and club dues on a straight-line basis over the related period of time.
Transaction-based fees are recognized as revenue at the point in time at which the relevant goods or services are transferred to the customer. For transaction-based fees, we evaluate whether we control the underlying goods or services prior to delivery to the customer. Transaction-based fees from exchanges and other transactions in our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment are generally recognized when confirmation of the transaction is provided and services have been rendered. For transactions where we do not control the goods or services prior to delivery, the related revenue is recorded net of the related cost upon recognition.
Financing Revenues
We offer consumer financing as an option to qualifying customers purchasing vacation ownership products, which is collateralized by the underlying vacation ownership products. We recognize interest income on an accrual basis. The contractual terms of the financing agreements require that the contractual level of annual principal payments be sufficient to amortize the loan over a customary period for the vacation ownership product being financed, which is generally to years. Generally, payments commence under the financing contracts 30 to 60 days after closing. We record the difference between the vacation ownership note receivable and the variable consideration included in the transaction price for the sale of the related vacation ownership product as a reserve on our vacation ownership notes receivable. We earn interest income from the financing arrangements on the principal balance outstanding over the life of the arrangement and record that interest income in Financing revenues on our Income Statements. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” for additional information related to the accounting for our acquired vacation ownership notes receivable.
Financing revenues include transaction-based fees we charge to owners and other third parties for services. We recognize fee revenues when services have been rendered.
Rental Revenues
In our Vacation Ownership segment, we generate revenue from rentals of inventory that we hold for sale as interests in our vacation ownership programs, inventory that we control because our owners have elected alternative usage options permitted under our vacation ownership programs and rentals of owned-hotel properties. In our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, we offer vacation rental opportunities for managed properties and to members of the Interval International network and certain other membership programs from seasonal oversupply or underutilized space, as well as sourced resort accommodations.
We receive payments for rentals primarily through credit card charges. We generally recognize rental revenues when occupancy has occurred, which is consistent with the period in which the customer benefits from such service. For certain rental revenues associated with our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, revenue is recognized when confirmation of the transaction is provided as we concluded we are an agent for these transactions. We recognize rental revenue from the utilization of plus points issued in connection with the sale of vacation ownership products, as described in “Sale of Vacation Ownership Products” above, when occupancy has occurred.
We also generate revenues from vacation packages sold to our customers. The packages have an expiration period of to months, and payments for such packages are non-refundable and generally paid by the customer in advance. Payments received in advance are recorded as Advance deposits on our Balance Sheets, until the revenue is recognized, when occupancy has occurred. For rental revenues associated with vacation ownership products which we own and which are registered and held for sale, to the extent that the proceeds are less than costs, revenues are reported net in accordance with ASC Topic 978, “Real Estate – Time-Sharing Activities.”
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Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations
Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. In cases where the standalone selling price is not readily available, we generally determine the standalone selling prices utilizing the adjusted market approach, using prices from similar contracts, our historical pricing on similar contracts, our internal marketing and selling data and other internal and external inputs we deem to be appropriate. Significant judgment is required in determining the standalone selling price under the adjusted market approach.
Receivables, Contract Assets & Contract Liabilities
As discussed above, the payment terms and conditions in our customer contracts vary. In some cases, customers prepay for their goods and services; in other cases, after appropriate credit evaluations, payment is due in arrears. When the timing of our delivery of goods and services is different from the timing of the payments made by customers, we recognize either a contract asset (performance precedes contractual due date) or a contract liability (customer payment precedes performance or when we have a right to consideration that is unconditional before the transfer of goods or services to a customer). Receivables are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract. See Footnote 4 “Revenue and Receivables” for additional information related to our receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities.
Costs Incurred to Sell Vacation Ownership Products
We charge marketing and sales costs we incur to sell vacation ownership products to expense when incurred.
Earnings or Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Shareholders
Basic earnings or loss per share attributable to common shareholders is calculated by dividing the earnings or loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings or loss per share attributable to common shareholders is calculated to give effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the reporting period. The dilutive effect of outstanding equity-based compensation awards is reflected in diluted earnings per share attributable to common shareholders by application of the treasury stock method. Any potentially dilutive equity-based compensation awards are excluded from the calculation for periods when there is a net loss attributable to common shareholders to avoid anti-dilutive effects.
Business Combinations
We allocate the purchase price of an acquisition to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. We recognize as goodwill the amount by which the purchase price of an acquired entity exceeds the net of the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we use various recognized valuation methods including the income, cost and market approaches. Further, we make assumptions within certain valuation techniques, including discount rates, royalty rates, and the amount and timing of future cash flows. We record the net assets and results of operations of an acquired entity in our Financial Statements from the acquisition date. We initially perform these valuations based upon preliminary estimates and assumptions by management or independent valuation specialists under our supervision, where appropriate, and make revisions as estimates and assumptions are finalized. We expense acquisition-related costs as we incur them.
As part of our accounting for business combinations we are required to determine the useful lives of identifiable intangible assets recognized separately from goodwill. The useful life of an intangible asset is the period over which the asset is expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the acquired business. An intangible asset with a finite useful life shall be amortized; an intangible asset with an indefinite useful life shall not be amortized. We base the estimate of the useful life of an intangible asset on an analysis of all pertinent factors, in particular, all of the following factors with no one factor being more presumptive than the other:
•The expected use of the asset.
•The expected useful life of another asset or a group of assets to which the useful life of the intangible asset may relate.
•Any legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions that may limit the useful life.
•Our own historical experience in renewing or extending similar arrangements, consistent with our intended use of the asset, regardless of whether those arrangements have explicit renewal or extension provisions.
•The effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factors.
•The level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset.
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If no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors limit the useful life of an intangible asset to the reporting entity, the useful life of the asset shall be considered to be indefinite. The term indefinite does not mean the same as infinite or indeterminate. The useful life of an intangible asset is indefinite if that life extends beyond the foreseeable horizon; that is, there is no foreseeable limit on the period of time over which it is expected to contribute to the cash flows of the acquired business.
Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired entity and are inherently uncertain. Examples of critical estimates in accounting for acquisitions include but are not limited to future expected cash flows from sales of products and services and related contracts and agreements and discount and long-term growth rates. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur which could affect the accuracy or validity of our assumptions, estimates or actual results.
Variable Interest Entities
We consolidate entities under our control, including VIEs where we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. In accordance with the applicable accounting guidance for the consolidation of VIEs, we analyze our variable interests, including loans, guarantees and equity investments, to determine if an entity in which we have a variable interest is a VIE. Our analysis includes both quantitative and qualitative reviews. We base our quantitative analysis on the forecasted cash flows of the entity, and our qualitative analysis on our review of the design of the entity, its organizational structure including decision-making ability, and relevant financial agreements. We also use our qualitative analyses to determine if we must consolidate a VIE because we are its primary beneficiary.
Fair Value Measurements
We have several financial instruments that we must measure at fair value on a recurring basis. See Footnote 7 “Financial Instruments” for further information. We also apply the provisions of fair value measurement to various non-recurring measurements for our financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.
The applicable accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received upon selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). We measure fair value of our assets and liabilities using inputs from the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy:
•Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.
•Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.), and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).
•Level 3 includes unobservable inputs that reflect our assumptions about what factors market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. We develop these inputs based on the best information available, including our own data.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments with an initial purchase maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily consists of cash restricted for use by consolidated owners’ associations which is designated for resort operations and other specific uses, such as reserves, cash held in a reserve account related to vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, cash collected for maintenance fees to be remitted to owners’ associations, and deposits received and held in escrow, primarily associated with the sale of vacation ownership products.
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Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are stated at amounts due from customers, principally resort developers, members and managed properties, net of a reserve for credit losses. Accounts receivable outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. We determine our credit loss reserve for accounts receivable by considering a number of factors, including previous loss history, our judgment as to the specific customer’s current ability to pay its obligation and the condition of the general economy. We write off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible once we have exhausted all means of collection. Accounts receivable is presented net of a reserve for credit losses of $14 million and $15 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Accounts receivable also includes interest receivable on vacation ownership notes receivable. Write-offs of interest receivable are recorded as a reversal of previously recorded interest income.
Acquired Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Reserve for Credit Losses
As part of the ILG Acquisition, we acquired existing portfolios of vacation ownership notes receivable. At acquisition, we recorded these vacation ownership notes receivable at fair value. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 (as defined below) on January 1, 2020, we account for these acquired vacation ownership notes receivable using the purchased credit deteriorated assets provision of the current expected credit loss model, whereby we established a reserve for credit losses and a corresponding increase in the book value of the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, resulting in no impact to the recorded balance. The estimates of the reserve for credit losses on the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are based on default rates that are an output of our static pool analyses. Any changes in the reserve for credit losses are recorded as Financing expenses on our Income Statements. In addition, we established a noncredit discount of $2 million, which represented the difference between the amortized cost basis and the par value of our acquired vacation ownership notes receivable at January 1, 2020. The noncredit discount will be amortized to interest expense over the contractual life of the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable and is recorded as Financing expenses on our Income Statements.
The vacation ownership notes receivable acquired as part of the Welk Acquisition were recorded at fair value using the purchased credit deteriorated assets provision of the current expected credit loss model, consistent with the principles outlined above.
Originated Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Reserve
We record the difference between the vacation ownership note receivable and the variable consideration included in the transaction price for the sale of the related vacation ownership product as a reserve on our originated vacation ownership notes receivable. See “Financing Revenues” above for further information.
Past Due and Defaulted
Although we consider loans to owners to be past due if we do not receive payment within 30 days of the due date, we suspend accrual of interest only on those loans that are over 90 days past due. For Legacy-MVW vacation ownership notes receivable, we consider loans over 150 days past due to be in default and fully reserve such amounts. For Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk vacation ownership notes receivable, we consider loans over 120 days past due to be in default and fully reserve such amounts. We apply payments we receive for vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status first to interest, then to principal and any remainder to fees. We resume accruing interest when vacation ownership notes receivable are less than 90 days past due. We do not accept payments for vacation ownership notes receivable during the foreclosure process unless the amount is sufficient to pay all past due principal, interest, fees and penalties owed and fully reinstate the note. We write off vacation ownership notes receivable against the reserve once we receive title to the vacation ownership products through the foreclosure or deed-in-lieu process or, in certain circumstances, when revocation is complete.
Inventory
Our inventory consists primarily of completed vacation ownership products. We carry our inventory at the lower of (1) cost, including costs of improvements and amenities incurred subsequent to acquisition, capitalized interest and real estate taxes plus other costs incurred during construction, or (2) estimated fair value, less costs to sell, which can result in impairment charges and/or recoveries of previous impairments.
We account for vacation ownership inventory and cost of vacation ownership products in accordance with the authoritative guidance for accounting for real estate time-sharing transactions, which defines a specific application of the relative sales value method for reducing vacation ownership inventory and recording cost of sales as described in our policy for revenue recognition for vacation ownership products. Also, pursuant to the guidance for accounting for real estate time-sharing transactions, we do not reduce inventory for cost of vacation ownership products related to variable consideration which has not been included within the transaction price (accordingly, no adjustment is made when inventory is reacquired upon default of the related receivable). These standards provide for changes in estimates within the relative sales value calculations to be accounted for as real estate inventory true-ups, which we refer to as product cost true-up activity, and are recorded in Cost of vacation ownership product expenses on the Income Statements to retrospectively adjust the margin previously recorded subject to those
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estimates. For 2021, 2020 and 2019, product cost true-up activity relating to vacation ownership products increased carrying values of inventory by $10 million, $6 million and $8 million, respectively.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment includes our sales centers, golf courses, information technology, including internally developed capitalized software, and other assets used in the normal course of business, as well as land held for future vacation ownership product development and undeveloped, and partially developed land parcels that are not part of an approved development plan and do not meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale. In addition, fully developed vacation ownership interests are classified as property and equipment until they are registered and available for sale. We record property and equipment at cost, including interest and real estate taxes incurred during active development. We capitalize the cost of improvements that extend the useful life of property and equipment when incurred. We expense all repair and maintenance costs as incurred. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ( to forty years), and we amortize leasehold improvements over the shorter of the asset life or lease term.
We also capitalize certain qualified costs incurred in connection with the development of internal use software. Capitalization of internal use software costs begins when the preliminary project stage is completed, management with the relevant authority authorizes and commits to the funding of the software project, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended.
Leases
We account for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”). We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. Operating leases include lease arrangements for various land, corporate facilities, real estate and equipment. Corporate facilities leases are for office space, including our current corporate headquarters in Orlando, Florida. Other operating leases are primarily for office, off-site sales centers and retail space, as well as various equipment supporting our operations, with varying terms and renewal option periods.
Finance leases include lease arrangements for ancillary and operations space. We also have a long-term finance lease for land underlying an operating hotel. In addition, we also lease various equipment supporting our operations and classify these leases as finance leases in accordance with ASC 842. The depreciable life of these assets is limited to the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise.
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Short-term leases, which have an initial term of a year or less, are not recorded on the balance sheet. For purposes of calculating lease liabilities, lease terms may be deemed to include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Macro-economic conditions are the primary factor used to estimate whether an option to extend a lease term will be exercised or not. Because the rate implicit in our leases is not readily determinable, we use our incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate, which approximates the interest rate at which we could borrow on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments and in similar economic environments. Right-of-use assets exclude the unamortized portion of lease incentives received. Certain of our lease agreements include variable rental payments that are based on a percentage of retail sales over contractual levels and others include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. Additionally, with respect to our real estate leases, we do not separate lease and non-lease components.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Other Intangible Assets
We assess long-lived assets, including property and equipment, leases, and definite-lived intangible assets, for recoverability when changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable, for example, when there are material adverse changes in projected revenues or expenses, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected operating results, or significant negative industry or economic trends. We evaluate recoverability of an asset group by comparing its carrying value to the future net undiscounted cash flows that we expect will be generated by the asset group. If the comparison indicates that the carrying value of an asset group is not recoverable, we recognize an impairment loss for the excess of carrying value over the estimated fair value. When we recognize an impairment loss for assets to be held and used, we depreciate the adjusted carrying amount of those assets over their remaining useful life.
We assess indefinite-lived intangible assets for potential impairment and continued indefinite use annually, or more frequently if an event or other circumstance indicates that we may not be able to recover the carrying amount of the asset. We may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible is less than its carrying amount. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value, we recognize an impairment loss in the amount of that excess.
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Goodwill
We perform an annual review for the potential impairment of the carrying value of goodwill in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a possible impairment. For purposes of evaluating goodwill for impairment, we have two reporting units, which are also our reportable operating segments. In evaluating goodwill for impairment, we may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we bypass the qualitative assessment, or if we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then we perform a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount.
Qualitative factors that we consider include, for example, macroeconomic and industry conditions, overall financial performance, and other relevant entity-specific events. If the qualitative assessment is not conclusive, then a quantitative impairment analysis for goodwill is performed at the reporting unit level. We may also choose to perform this quantitative impairment analysis instead of the qualitative analysis. The quantitative impairment analysis compares the fair value of the reporting unit, determined using the income and/or market approach, to its recorded amount. If the recorded amount exceeds the fair value, then a goodwill impairment charge is recorded for the difference up to the recorded amount of goodwill.
We calculate the estimated fair value of a reporting unit using a weighting of the income and market approaches. For the income approach, we use internally developed discounted cash flow models that include the following assumptions, among others: projections of revenues, expenses, and related cash flows based on assumed long-term growth rates and demand trends; expected future investments to grow new units; and estimated discount rates. For the market approach, we use internal analyses based primarily on market comparables. We base these assumptions on our historical data and experience, third-party appraisals, industry projections, micro and macro general economic condition projections, and our expectations.
See Footnote 11 “Goodwill” for additional information on our goodwill.
Convertible Senior Notes
In accounting for the 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Convertible Notes”) and the 0.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Convertible Notes”), referred to collectively as our “convertible notes,” we bifurcated the liability and equity components. The carrying amount of each liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of each equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the convertible notes. The excess of the principal amount of the liability over its carrying amount is amortized to interest expense over the term of the convertible notes using the effective interest method. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the issuance costs related to the convertible notes, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are amortized to interest expense over the term of the convertible notes, and issuance costs attributable to the equity component are included along with the equity component in additional paid-in capital within shareholders’ equity. See Footnote 16 “Debt” for more information on our convertible notes and also see Future Adoption of Accounting Standards below for information on the adoption of future accounting standards that will impact the accounting for our convertible notes.
Derivative Instruments
We record derivatives at fair value. The designation of a derivative instrument as a hedge and its ability to meet the hedge accounting criteria determine how we reflect the change in fair value of the derivative instrument in our Financial Statements. A derivative qualifies for hedge accounting if we expect it to be highly effective in offsetting the underlying hedged exposure and we fulfill the hedge documentation requirements. We may designate a hedge as a cash flow hedge, fair value hedge, or a net investment in non-U.S. operations hedge based on the exposure we are hedging. If a qualifying hedge is deemed effective, we record changes in fair value in other comprehensive income.
We assess the effectiveness of our hedging instruments quarterly, recognize current period hedge ineffectiveness immediately in earnings, and discontinue hedge accounting for any hedge that we no longer consider to be highly effective. We recognize changes in fair value for derivatives not designated as hedges or those not qualifying for hedge accounting in current period earnings.
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates and debt prices. We manage our exposure to these risks by monitoring available financing alternatives, through pricing policies that may take into account currency exchange rates, and by entering into derivative arrangements. As a matter of policy, we only enter into transactions that we believe will be highly effective at offsetting the underlying risk, and we do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.
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Loss Contingencies
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims in the normal course of business, the outcomes of which are subject to significant uncertainty. We record an accrual for loss contingencies when we determine that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In making such determinations we evaluate, among other things, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and, when it is probable that a liability has been incurred, our ability to make a reasonable estimate of the loss. We review these accruals each reporting period and make revisions based on changes in facts and circumstances.
Defined Contribution Plan
We administer and maintain a defined contribution plan for the benefit of all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements who elect to participate in the plan. Contributions are determined based on a specified percentage of salary deferrals by participating employees. We recognized compensation expense (net of cost reimbursements from owners’ associations) for our participating employees totaling $19 million in 2021, $12 million in 2020 and $19 million in 2019.
Deferred Compensation Plan
Certain members of our senior management have the opportunity to participate in the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”), which we maintain and administer. Under both the Deferred Compensation Plan and the Marriott International EDC (as defined below) participating employees are able to defer payment and income taxation of a portion of their salary and bonus. It also provides participants with the opportunity for long-term capital appreciation by crediting their accounts with notional earnings.
Prior to the spin-off of MVW from Marriott International (the “Marriott Spin-Off”), certain members of our senior management had the opportunity to participate in the Marriott International, Inc. Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Marriott International EDC”), which Marriott International maintains and administers. Subsequent to the Marriott Spin-Off, we remain liable to reimburse Marriott International for distributions to participants that were employees of Marriott Vacations Worldwide at the time of the Marriott Spin-Off including earnings thereon.
To support our ability to meet a portion of our obligations under the Deferred Compensation Plan, we acquired company owned insurance policies (the “COLI policies”) on the lives of certain participants in the Deferred Compensation Plan, the proceeds of which are intended to be aligned with the investment alternatives elected by plan participants and are payable to a rabbi trust with the Company as grantor. For both 2021 and 2020, participants were able to select a rate of return based on market-based investment alternatives for up to 100% of their contributions and existing balances, with one of those options being a fixed rate of return of 3.5%.
We consolidate the liabilities of the Deferred Compensation Plan and the related assets, which consist of the COLI policies held in the rabbi trust. The rabbi trust is considered a VIE. We are considered the primary beneficiary of the rabbi trust because we direct the activities of the trust and are the beneficiary of the trust. At December 31, 2021, the value of the assets held in the rabbi trust was $76 million, which is included in the Other line within assets on our Balance Sheets.
Share-Based Compensation Costs
During the second quarter of 2020, our shareholders approved the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “MVW Equity Plan”), which supersedes both the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Stock and Cash Incentive Plan and the Interval Leisure Group, Inc. 2013 Stock and Incentive Plan (collectively, the “Prior Plans”). No new awards will be granted under the Prior Plans and all awards that were granted under the Prior Plans will remain outstanding and continue to be governed by the Prior Plans.
The MVW Equity Plan was established in order to compensate our employees and directors by granting them equity awards such as restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and stock options.
We follow the provisions of ASC Topic 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation,” which requires that a company measure the expense of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Generally, share-based awards granted to our employees, other than RSUs with performance vesting conditions, vest ratably over a four-year period. For share-based awards with service-only vesting conditions, we record compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For RSUs with performance vesting conditions, the number of RSUs earned, if any, is determined following the end of a performance period (typically three years) based upon the cumulative achievement over that period of specific quantitative operating financial measures and we recognize compensation expense once it is probable that the corresponding performance condition will be achieved.
SARs awarded under the MVW Equity Plan are granted at exercise prices or strike prices equal to the market price of our common stock on the date of grant (this price is referred to as the “base value”). SARs generally expire ten years after the date of grant and both vest and become exercisable in cumulative installments of one quarter of the grant at the end of each of
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the first four years following the date of grant. Upon exercise of SARs, our employees and non-employee directors receive a number of shares of our common stock equal to the number of SARs being exercised, multiplied by the quotient of (a) the market price of the common stock on the date of exercise (this price is referred to as the “final value”) minus the base value, divided by (b) the final value.
We recognize the expense associated with these awards on our Income Statements based on the fair value of the awards as of the date that the share-based awards are granted and adjust that expense to the estimated number of awards that we expect will vest or be earned. The fair value of RSUs represents the number of awards granted multiplied by the average of the high and low market price of our common stock on the date the awards are granted reduced by the present value of the dividends expected to be paid on the shares during the vesting period, discounted at a risk-free interest rate. We generally determine the fair value of SARs using the Black-Scholes option valuation model which incorporates assumptions about expected volatility, risk free interest rate, dividend yield and expected term. We will issue shares from authorized shares upon the exercise of SARs or stock options held by our employees and directors.
For share-based awards granted to non-employee directors, we recognize compensation expense on the grant date based on the fair value of the awards as of that date. See Footnote 18 “Share-Based Compensation” for more information on the MVW Equity Plan.
Non-U.S. Operations
The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of our consolidated entities operating in the United States. The functional currency for our consolidated entities operating outside of the United States is generally the currency of the economic environment in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. For consolidated entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, we translate their financial statements into U.S. dollars. We translate assets and liabilities at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date and translate Income Statement accounts using the weighted average exchange rate for the period. We include translation adjustments from currency exchange and the effect of exchange rate changes on intercompany transactions of a long-term investment nature as a separate component of equity. We report gains and losses from currency exchange rate changes related to intercompany receivables and payables that are not of a long-term investment nature, as well as gains and losses from non-U.S. currency transactions, in the (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net line on our Income Statements.
Income Taxes
We file income tax returns, including with respect to our subsidiaries, in various jurisdictions around the world. We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Changes in existing tax laws and rates, their related interpretations, and the uncertainty generated by the current economic environment may affect the amounts of deferred tax liabilities or the valuations of deferred tax assets over time. Our accounting for deferred tax consequences represents management’s best estimate of future events that can be appropriately reflected in the accounting estimates.
We record a valuation allowance on deferred taxes if we determine it is more likely than not that we will not fully realize the future benefit of deferred tax assets. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In the event we determine that we would be able to realize our deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which impacts the provision for income taxes.
We file tax returns after the close of our fiscal year end and adjust our estimated tax receivable or liability to the actual tax receivable or due per the filed tax returns. Historically, we have not experienced significant differences between our estimates of provision for income tax and actual amounts incurred, excluding one-time tax method changes approved by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) after our financial statements were filed.
For purposes of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, we have elected to use the period cost method and therefore have not recorded deferred taxes for basis differences expected to reverse in future periods.
For tax positions we have taken, or expect to take, in a tax return we apply a more likely than not threshold, under which we must conclude a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained, assuming that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information, in order to continue to recognize the benefit.
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In determining our provision for income taxes, we use judgment, reflecting our estimates and assumptions, in applying the more likely than not threshold. Based on our evaluations of tax positions, we believe that potential tax exposures have been recorded appropriately. Additionally, we recognize accrued interest and penalties related to our unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax expense.
New Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Update 2019-12 – “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” (“ASU 2019-12”)
In the first quarter of 2021, we adopted accounting standards update (“ASU”) 2019-12, which amended and simplified existing guidance in an effort to reduce the complexity of accounting for income taxes while maintaining or enhancing the helpfulness of information provided to financial statement users. Our adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on our Financial Statements or disclosures.
Future Adoption of Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Update 2020-04 – “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”)
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, as amended, which provides optional expedients and exceptions to existing guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting in an effort to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This update can be adopted no later than December 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted. As of December 31, 2021, borrowings under our existing Corporate Credit Facility (as defined in Footnote 16 “Debt”) and Warehouse Credit Facility (as defined in Footnote 15 “Securitized Debt”) generally reference LIBOR, as do certain interest rate swaps and collars. The instruments have not yet discontinued the use of LIBOR. To the extent these instruments are amended to reference a different benchmark interest rate, we may elect to utilize the relief available in ASU 2020-04. When we renew or amend our existing debt instruments, we will determine a replacement rate for LIBOR. We expect to adopt ASU 2020-04 in fiscal year 2022 and continue to evaluate the impact that adoption of this update will have on our financial statements and disclosures.
Accounting Standards Update 2020-06 – “Debt — Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” (“ASU 2020-06”)
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, which amends and simplifies existing guidance in an effort to reduce the complexity of accounting for convertible instruments and to provide financial statement users with more meaningful information. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods therein. This update may be applied retrospectively or on a modified retrospective basis with the cumulative effect recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on the date of adoption. We will adopt ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective method. The impacts of the adoption will be recorded as a cumulative effect in the opening balance of retained earnings and the conversion feature related to our convertible notes will be reclassified from equity to liabilities. In addition, we will eliminate the related equity adjustment associated with the deferred tax liability. Commencing in the first quarter of 2022, we will be required to calculate the impact of the convertible notes on diluted earnings per share under the “if-converted” method. Under the “if-converted” method, diluted earnings per share would generally be calculated assuming that all of our convertible notes were converted solely into shares of common stock at the beginning of the reporting period, unless the result would be anti-dilutive. The application of the “if-converted” method is expected to reduce our reported diluted earnings per share. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022 will result in an increase in debt of $107 million, a decrease in additional paid-in capital of $111 million, and a decrease in deferred taxes of $27 million, as well as a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings of $31 million.
Accounting Standards Update 2021-08 – “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2021-08”)
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, which amends ASC 805 to require entities to apply ASC 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers in a business combination. ASU 2021-08 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods therein, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-08 shall be applied on a prospective basis to business combinations that occur on or after the adoption date. We expect to early adopt ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2022 and we anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will not impact our financial statements and disclosure. In the event that we complete business combinations in the future, the application of ASU 2021-08 could result in higher acquired deferred revenue.
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3. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
Acquisitions
Welk Acquisition
We completed the Welk Acquisition on April 1, 2021, for consideration of $405 million, including approximately 1.4 million shares of our common stock. Welk was one of the largest independent vacation ownership companies in North America. The following table presents the fair value of each type of consideration transferred in the Welk Acquisition at December 31, 2021.
| (in millions, except per share amounts) | |||||
| Equivalent shares of Marriott Vacations Worldwide common stock issued | 1.4 | ||||
| Marriott Vacations Worldwide common stock price per share as of Welk Acquisition Date | $ | 174.18 | |||
| Fair value of Marriott Vacations Worldwide common stock issued | 248 | ||||
Cash consideration to Welk, net of cash and restricted cash acquired of $48 million | 157 | ||||
| Total consideration transferred, net of cash and restricted cash acquired | $ | 405 | |||
Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed
We accounted for the Welk Acquisition as a business combination, which requires us to record the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value as of the Welk Acquisition Date. The values attributed to Vacation ownership notes receivable, Inventory, Property and equipment, Intangible assets, Deferred taxes and Securitized debt from VIEs are based on valuations prepared using Level 3 inputs and assumptions in accordance with ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements” (“ASC 820”). The value attributed to Debt is based on Level 2 inputs in accordance with ASC 820. We have finalized our valuations related to the acquired assets and liabilities of Welk, except for the valuation of certain property and equipment and our evaluation of Welk’s historical tax positions. Accordingly, these estimates are subject to change during the measurement period, which is up to one year from the Welk Acquisition Date, as permitted under GAAP. Any potential adjustments could be material in relation to the values presented in the table below.
The following table presents our current estimates of the fair value of the assets that we acquired and the liabilities that we assumed in connection with the business combination as previously reported at the end of the third quarter of 2021 and as adjusted at December 31, 2021. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we refined our valuation models related to certain acquired assets and liabilities as follows:
| ($ in millions) | April 1, 2021 (as previously reported) | Adjustments | April 1, 2021 (as adjusted) | ||||||||||||||
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net(1) | $ | 254 | $ | 1 | $ | 255 | |||||||||||
Inventory(2) | 136 | (25) | 111 | ||||||||||||||
| Property and equipment | 111 | (28) | 83 | ||||||||||||||
Intangible assets(3) | 100 | 2 | 102 | ||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 19 | — | 19 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes | (45) | 13 | (32) | ||||||||||||||
| Debt | (189) | — | (189) | ||||||||||||||
| Securitized debt | (184) | — | (184) | ||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | (66) | (27) | (93) | ||||||||||||||
| Net assets acquired | 136 | (64) | 72 | ||||||||||||||
Goodwill(4) | 269 | 64 | 333 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 405 | $ | — | $ | 405 | ||||||||||||
_________________________
(1)Vacation ownership notes receivable, net has been determined to constitute purchased credit deteriorated assets under the provisions of ASC Topic 326, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Welk business and the vacation ownership industry as a whole, and has been accounted for as such. We valued the vacation ownership notes receivable using an income approach, which includes the following significant Level 3 assumptions: default rates, prepayment rates, discount rate and fair value of collateral retained upon customer default.
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| ($ in millions) | |||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable | $ | 287 | |||
| Allowance for credit losses | (32) | ||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable, net | $ | 255 | |||
(2)Inventory consists of completed unsold VOIs. We valued inventory using an income approach, which includes significant Level 3 assumptions, such as estimates of future income growth, marketing and sales costs and discount rates.
(3)Intangible assets consist of management contracts with an estimated 20 year useful life. We valued management contracts using the multi-period excess earnings method, which is a variation of the income approach. This method estimates an intangible asset’s value based on the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows attributable to the intangible asset. This valuation approach utilizes the following Level 3 inputs: future income growth, future cost estimates and discount rate.
(4)Goodwill is calculated as total consideration transferred, net of cash acquired, less identified net assets acquired. It represents the value that we expect to obtain from growth opportunities from our combined operations and is not deductible for tax purposes.
Pro Forma Results of Operations
The following unaudited pro forma information presents the combined results of operations of Marriott Vacations Worldwide and Welk as if we had completed the Welk Acquisition on December 31, 2019, the last day of our 2019 fiscal year, but using the estimates of the fair values of assets and liabilities as of the Welk Acquisition Date set forth above. As required by GAAP, these unaudited pro forma results do not reflect any synergies from operating efficiencies. Accordingly, these unaudited pro forma results are presented for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations of the combined company would have been if the Welk Acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the period presented, nor are they indicative of future results of operations.
There were no Welk acquisition-related costs included in the unaudited pro forma results below for 2021, and $19 million included for 2020.
| ($ in millions, except per share data) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 3,894 | $ | 3,011 | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 67 | $ | (272) | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | 66 | $ | (291) | ||||||||||
| EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | ||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.56 | $ | (7.04) | ||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 1.53 | $ | (7.04) | ||||||||||
Welk Results of Operations
The following table presents the results of Welk operations included in our Income Statement for 2021.
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | |||||||
| Revenue | $ | 146 | ||||||
| Net income | $ | 17 | ||||||
Costa Rica
During the first quarter of 2021, we acquired 24 completed vacation ownership units and an operations building located at our Marriott Vacation Club at Los Suenos resort in Costa Rica for $14 million. We accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition with the purchase price allocated to Inventory ($13 million) and Property and equipment ($1 million).
New York, New York
During 2021, we acquired the remaining 120 completed vacation ownership units located at our Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, New York City property for $98 million. We accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition with the purchase price allocated to Property and equipment.
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During 2020, we acquired 57 completed vacation ownership units, as well as office and ancillary space, located at our Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, New York City property for $89 million, of which $22 million was a prepayment for future tranches of completed vacation ownership units and $20 million was paid in 2019. We accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition with the purchase price allocated to Property and equipment ($67 million) and Other assets ($22 million).
San Francisco, California
During the first quarter of 2021, we acquired 44 completed vacation ownership units at our Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, San Francisco property for $34 million. We accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition with the purchase price allocated to Inventory ($29 million) and Other assets ($5 million).
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed the purchase of the remaining inventory at our Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, San Francisco property and wrote off the outstanding management fee receivables deemed uncollectible of $7 million, which was recorded in the Management and exchange expense line on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021. As part of the purchase, we acquired the remaining 78 completed vacation ownership units, as well as an onsite garage, for $59 million. We accounted for the purchase as an asset acquisition with the purchase price allocated to Inventory ($41 million) and Property and equipment ($18 million). Further, we reclassified $10 million of previous deposits associated with the project from Other assets to Inventory.
During 2020, we acquired 34 completed vacation ownership units located at our Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, San Francisco property for $26 million, of which $5 million was a prepayment for future tranches of completed vacation ownership units. We accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition with the purchase price allocated to Inventory ($18 million), Other assets ($5 million), and Property and equipment ($3 million).
During 2019, we acquired 78 completed vacation ownership units and a sales gallery located at our Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, San Francisco property for $58 million. We accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition with the purchase price allocated to Inventory ($48 million) and Property and equipment ($10 million).
Dispositions
We made no significant dispositions in 2021.
During 2020, we recorded a loss of $5 million in the (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net line on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2020 relating to the redemption of our interest in a joint venture in our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment which was consolidated under the voting interest model. We received nominal cash proceeds and a note receivable which we measured at a fair value of $1 million using Level 3 inputs.
Additionally, during 2020, we disposed of excess Vacation Ownership segment land parcels in Orlando, Florida and Steamboat Springs, Colorado for combined proceeds of $15 million, as part of our strategic decision to reduce holdings in markets where we have excess supply, as discussed further below. We recorded a combined net gain of $6 million in the (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net line on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2020 relating to these transactions.
During 2019, we disposed of excess land parcels in Cancun, Mexico and Avon, Colorado for proceeds of $62 million, of which $8 million is deferred until certain conditions associated with the sale have been met. We recorded a combined net gain of $19 million in the (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net line on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2019.
2019 Strategy Change
As a result of the ILG Acquisition, we performed a comprehensive review to evaluate the strategic fit of the land holdings and operating hotels in our Vacation Ownership segment. As a result of the change in our development strategy, in 2019, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $72 million, of which $61 million related to land and land improvements associated with future phases of three existing resorts, $9 million related to a land parcel held for future development and $2 million related to an ancillary business.
We used a combination of the market and income approaches to estimate the fair value of these assets. Under the market approach, a Level 2 input, fair value is measured through an analysis of sales and offerings of comparable property which are adjusted to reflect differences between the asset being valued and the comparable assets, such as location, time and terms of sales, utility and physical characteristics. Under the income approach, a Level 3 input, fair value is measured through a discounted cash flow. Under the income approach, we contemplated alternative uses to comply with the highest and best use provisions of ASC 820.
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4. REVENUE AND RECEIVABLES
Sources of Revenue by Segment
The following tables detail the sources of revenue by segment for each of the last three fiscal years.
| 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Vacation Ownership | Exchange & Third-Party Management | Corporate and Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of vacation ownership products | $ | 1,153 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,153 | |||||||||||||||
| Ancillary revenues | 188 | 3 | — | 191 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Management fee revenues | 158 | 32 | (19) | 171 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange and other services revenues | 124 | 198 | 171 | 493 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Management and exchange | 470 | 233 | 152 | 855 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | 446 | 40 | — | 486 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | 1,202 | 47 | (121) | 1,128 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from contracts with customers | 3,271 | 320 | 31 | 3,622 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Financing | 268 | — | — | 268 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | $ | 3,539 | $ | 320 | $ | 31 | $ | 3,890 | |||||||||||||||
| 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Vacation Ownership | Exchange & Third-Party Management | Corporate and Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of vacation ownership products | $ | 546 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 546 | |||||||||||||||
| Ancillary revenues | 89 | 1 | — | 90 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Management fee revenues | 149 | 17 | (22) | 144 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange and other services revenues | 118 | 193 | 210 | 521 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Management and exchange | 356 | 211 | 188 | 755 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | 239 | 37 | — | 276 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | 1,124 | 59 | (141) | 1,042 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from contracts with customers | 2,265 | 307 | 47 | 2,619 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Financing | 265 | 2 | — | 267 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | $ | 2,530 | $ | 309 | $ | 47 | $ | 2,886 | |||||||||||||||
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| 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Vacation Ownership | Exchange & Third-Party Management | Corporate and Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of vacation ownership products | $ | 1,354 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,354 | |||||||||||||||
| Ancillary revenues | 224 | 4 | — | 228 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Management fee revenues | 144 | 46 | (13) | 177 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange and other services revenues | 120 | 248 | 176 | 544 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Management and exchange | 488 | 298 | 163 | 949 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | 512 | 61 | — | 573 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursements | 1,136 | 91 | (119) | 1,108 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from contracts with customers | 3,490 | 450 | 44 | 3,984 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Financing | 271 | 4 | — | 275 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | $ | 3,761 | $ | 454 | $ | 44 | $ | 4,259 | |||||||||||||||
Timing of Revenue from Contracts with Customers by Segment
The following tables detail the timing of revenue from contracts with customers by segment for each of the last three fiscal years.
| 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Vacation Ownership | Exchange & Third-Party Management | Corporate and Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Services transferred over time | $ | 1,915 | $ | 154 | $ | 31 | $ | 2,100 | |||||||||||||||
| Goods or services transferred at a point in time | 1,356 | 166 | — | 1,522 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from contracts with customers | $ | 3,271 | $ | 320 | $ | 31 | $ | 3,622 | |||||||||||||||
| 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Vacation Ownership | Exchange & Third-Party Management | Corporate and Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Services transferred over time | $ | 1,616 | $ | 156 | $ | 47 | $ | 1,819 | |||||||||||||||
| Goods or services transferred at a point in time | 649 | 151 | — | 800 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from contracts with customers | $ | 2,265 | $ | 307 | $ | 47 | $ | 2,619 | |||||||||||||||
| 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Vacation Ownership | Exchange & Third-Party Management | Corporate and Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Services transferred over time | $ | 1,896 | $ | 194 | $ | 44 | $ | 2,134 | |||||||||||||||
| Goods or services transferred at a point in time | 1,594 | 256 | — | 1,850 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from contracts with customers | $ | 3,490 | $ | 450 | $ | 44 | $ | 3,984 | |||||||||||||||
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Receivables from Contracts with Customers, Contract Assets, & Contract Liabilities
The following table shows the composition of our receivables from contracts with customers and contract liabilities. We had no contract assets at either December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
| ($ in millions) | At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | |||||||||
| Receivables | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | 172 | $ | 150 | |||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable, net | 2,045 | 1,840 | |||||||||
| $ | 2,217 | $ | 1,990 | ||||||||
| Contract Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Advance deposits | $ | 160 | $ | 147 | |||||||
| Deferred revenue | 453 | 488 | |||||||||
| $ | 613 | $ | 635 | ||||||||
Revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021 that was included in our contract liabilities balance at December 31, 2020 was $395 million.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Our remaining performance obligations represent the expected transaction price allocated to our contracts that we expect to recognize as revenue in future periods when we perform under the contracts. At December 31, 2021, approximately 87% of this amount is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next two years.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable is comprised of amounts due from customers, primarily owners’ associations, resort developers and members, credit card receivables, interest receivables, amounts due from taxing authorities, indemnification assets, and other miscellaneous receivables. The following table shows the composition of our accounts receivable balances:
| ($ in millions) | At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | |||||||||
| Receivables from contracts with customers | $ | 172 | $ | 150 | |||||||
| Interest receivable | 14 | 13 | |||||||||
| Tax receivable | 48 | 60 | |||||||||
| Indemnification asset | 22 | 15 | |||||||||
| Employee tax credit receivable | 19 | 19 | |||||||||
| Other | 4 | 19 | |||||||||
| $ | 279 | $ | 276 | ||||||||
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5. INCOME TAXES
Income Tax Provision
The following table presents the components of our earnings or losses before income taxes for the last three fiscal years:
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 152 | $ | (255) | $ | 190 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. jurisdictions | (25) | (85) | 35 | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | 127 | $ | (340) | $ | 225 | |||||||||||||||
Our (provision for) or benefit from income taxes for the last three years consisted of:
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | – U.S. Federal | $ | 8 | $ | 31 | $ | (12) | ||||||||||||||||
| – U.S. State | (3) | 1 | (29) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| – Non-U.S. | (50) | 11 | (36) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (45) | 43 | (77) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred | – U.S. Federal | (36) | 26 | (28) | |||||||||||||||||||
| – U.S. State | 3 | 9 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| – Non-U.S. | 4 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (29) | 41 | (6) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | (74) | $ | 84 | $ | (83) | ||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Actual Income Tax Rate
The following table reconciles the U.S. statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax rate:
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. statutory income tax rate | 21.0% | 21.0% | 21.0% | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. state income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation, net of Section 162(m) limitation | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Other permanent differences(1) | (5.5) | (9.1) | 5.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Impact related to the CARES Act of 2020 | — | 6.0 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Tax rate changes | (3.8) | 0.4 | (0.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. income (loss)(2) | 12.9 | 4.2 | 2.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Tax credits | (0.9) | 0.2 | (6.6) | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized tax benefits | 17.9 | 5.2 | 3.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Change in valuation allowance(3) | 10.4 | (7.5) | 7.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other items | 0.2 | (0.5) | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Effective rate | 58.4% | 24.6% | 36.9% | |||||||||||||||||
_________________________
(1)The 2021 impact is primarily due to the deduction of foreign taxes paid in the U.S. The 2020 impact is primarily attributable to non-deductible goodwill impairment recorded due to the impact of COVID-19. The 2019 impact is primarily due to non-deductible meal and entertainment expenses and new foreign tax provisions, under provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
(2)The 2021 impact is primarily due to increases in permanent differences in foreign jurisdictions. The 2020 and 2019 impact is attributable to the difference between U.S. and foreign income tax rates and other foreign adjustments.
(3)The 2021 impact is primarily due to new valuation allowances. The 2020 impact is primarily attributable to the increase of the valuation allowance on certain foreign entities. The 2019 impact is primarily attributable to foreign tax credit carryforwards in the branch and treaty baskets and losses and future deductions in foreign tax credit carryforwards in the branch and treaty baskets.
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For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the provision for income taxes included $4 million, $4 million, and $2 million of excess tax benefits resulting from equity incentive plan activities, respectively.
We conduct business in countries that grant “holidays” from income taxes for to thirty-year periods. These holidays expire through 2034.
Other
We are currently completing the purchase price accounting and have established certain non-income tax reserves for the Welk Acquisition, and the reserve will be finalized in 2022. We finalized our purchase price accounting for the ILG Acquisition during 2019 and established a reserve for non-income tax issues related to Legacy-ILG. As of December 31, 2021, the balance of the reserve for non-income tax issues related to our acquisitions was $66 million. We expect that we will be indemnified for liabilities of $5 million in connection with these non-income tax matters pursuant to a Tax Matters Agreement dated May 11, 2016 by and among Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc., Vistana Signature Experiences, Inc., and Interval Leisure Group, Inc., and consequently have recorded a corresponding indemnification asset.
Deferred Income Taxes
The following table presents the significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities:
| ($ in millions) | At Year-End 2021 | At Year-End 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred Tax Assets | ||||||||||||||
| Inventory | $ | 69 | $ | 83 | ||||||||||
| Reserves | 75 | 98 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 20 | 12 | ||||||||||||
| Property and equipment | 61 | 72 | ||||||||||||
| Net operating loss and capital loss carryforwards | 146 | 98 | ||||||||||||
| Tax credits | 29 | 31 | ||||||||||||
| Right-of-use asset | 24 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Other, net | 74 | 113 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 498 | 509 | ||||||||||||
| Less valuation allowance | (122) | (106) | ||||||||||||
| Net deferred tax assets | 376 | 403 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Long lived intangible assets | (231) | (233) | ||||||||||||
| Deferred sales of vacation ownership interests | (414) | (362) | ||||||||||||
| Right-of-use liability | (24) | (2) | ||||||||||||
| Other, net | (9) | (43) | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | (678) | (640) | ||||||||||||
| Total net deferred tax liabilities | $ | (302) | $ | (237) | ||||||||||
Valuation allowances are provided when it is considered more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized. In 2021 we established an additional valuation allowance of $8 million.
We have $111 million of foreign net operating loss carryforwards, some of which begin expiring in 2022; however, a significant portion of these have indefinite carryforward periods. We have $15 million of federal net operating losses and $18 million of state net operating loss carryforwards, of which less than $1 million will expire within the next five years. We have U.S. federal foreign tax credit carryforwards of $20 million, federal capital loss carryforwards of $2 million, and $9 million of state tax credit carryforwards.
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As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, distribution of profits from non-U.S. subsidiaries is not expected to cause a significant incremental U.S. tax impact in the future. However, distributions may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes if profits are distributed from certain jurisdictions. Our present intention is to indefinitely reinvest residual historic undistributed accumulated earnings associated with certain foreign subsidiaries. We have not provided for deferred taxes on outside basis differences in our investments in these foreign subsidiaries, and such estimates are not practicable to be determined.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) is as follows:
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized tax benefit at beginning of year | $ | 14 | $ | 21 | $ | 2 | |||||||||||
| Increases related to tax positions taken during a prior period | 12 | 6 | 18 | ||||||||||||||
| Increases related to tax positions taken during the current period | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities | — | (14) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Decreases as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations | (1) | (1) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized tax benefit at end of year | $ | 26 | $ | 14 | $ | 21 | |||||||||||
The total unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain income tax positions, which would affect the effective tax rate if recognized, were $26 million at December 31, 2021 and $14 million at December 31, 2020. The total amount of gross interest and penalties accrued were $42 million at December 31, 2021 and $25 million at December 31, 2020. We anticipate $14 million of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, to be indemnified pursuant to a Tax Matters Agreement dated May 11, 2016 by and among Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc., Vistana Signature Experiences, Inc., and Interval Leisure Group, Inc., and consequently have recorded a corresponding indemnification asset. The unrecognized tax benefit, including accrued interest and penalties are included in Other liabilities on our Balance Sheet.
Our income tax returns are subject to examination by relevant tax authorities. Certain of our returns are being audited in various jurisdictions for tax years 2007 through 2019. The amount of the unrecognized tax benefit may increase or decrease within the next twelve months as a result of audits or audit settlements.
U.S. Tax Law Update
We have considered the income tax accounting and disclosure implications of the relief provided by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) enacted in March 2020, and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 enacted in December 2020. As of December 31, 2021, we evaluated the income tax provisions of the above mentioned acts and have determined there to be minimal effect on our December 31, 2021 tax rate or the computation of our estimated effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021. We will continue to evaluate the income tax provisions of the above mentioned acts and monitor the developments in the jurisdictions where we have significant operations for tax law changes that could have additional income tax accounting and disclosure implications.
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6. VACATION OWNERSHIP NOTES RECEIVABLE
The following table shows the composition of our vacation ownership notes receivable balances, net of reserves.
| December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Originated | Acquired | Total | Originated | Acquired | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securitized | $ | 1,308 | $ | 354 | $ | 1,662 | $ | 1,220 | $ | 273 | $ | 1,493 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-securitized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eligible for securitization(1) | 96 | 1 | 97 | 126 | 2 | 128 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not eligible for securitization(1) | 267 | 19 | 286 | 185 | 34 | 219 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 363 | 20 | 383 | 311 | 36 | 347 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,671 | $ | 374 | $ | 2,045 | $ | 1,531 | $ | 309 | $ | 1,840 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
_________________________
(1)Refer to Footnote 7 “Financial Instruments” for discussion of eligibility of our vacation ownership notes receivable for securitization.
We reflect interest income associated with vacation ownership notes receivable in our Income Statements in the Financing revenues caption. The following table summarizes interest income associated with vacation ownership notes receivable.
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income associated with vacation ownership notes receivable — securitized | $ | 219 | $ | 239 | $ | 232 | |||||||||||
| Interest income associated with vacation ownership notes receivable — non-securitized | 40 | 18 | 32 | ||||||||||||||
| Total interest income associated with vacation ownership notes receivable | $ | 259 | $ | 257 | $ | 264 | |||||||||||
COVID-19 Impact on Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Reserves
In 2020, as a result of higher actual and projected default activity related predominantly to the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluated our vacation ownership notes receivable reserve initially using the 2008/2009 financial crisis as a reference point. As a result, we increased our vacation ownership notes receivable reserves by $52 million in the first quarter of 2020. We monitored actual delinquency and default activity throughout the remainder of 2020. Taking into account higher than previously expected default activity experienced, we increased our vacation ownership notes receivable reserve by an additional $17 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. In total, the reserve adjustments made during 2020 were reflected as a $59 million reduction to Sale of vacation ownership products, a $10 million increase in Financing expenses, and a $19 million reduction in Cost of vacation ownership products on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2020. There were no additional adjustments to our vacation ownership notes receivables reserves due to the COVID-19 pandemic during 2021.
Acquired Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable
Acquired vacation ownership notes receivable represent vacation ownership notes receivable acquired as part of the ILG Acquisition and the Welk Acquisition. The following table shows future contractual principal payments, net of reserves, and interest rates for our acquired vacation ownership notes receivable at December 31, 2021.
| Acquired Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | $ | 2 | $ | 50 | $ | 52 | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2 | 51 | 53 | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2 | 50 | 52 | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2 | 47 | 49 | ||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2 | 42 | 44 | ||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | 10 | 114 | 124 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 20 | $ | 354 | $ | 374 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average stated interest rate | 13.7% | 14.1% | 14.1% | ||||||||||||||
| Range of stated interest rates | 0.0% to 21.9% | 0.0% to 21.9% | 0.0% to 21.9% | ||||||||||||||
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The following table summarizes the activity related to our acquired vacation ownership notes receivable reserve.
| Acquired Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Reserve | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019, as reported | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13 | 29 | 26 | 55 | ||||||||||||||
| Opening Balance at January 1, 2020 | 29 | 26 | 55 | ||||||||||||||
| Securitizations | (1) | 1 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Clean-up call | 1 | (1) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Write-offs | (18) | — | (18) | ||||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 9 | — | 9 | ||||||||||||||
Defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable repurchase activity(1) | 17 | (17) | — | ||||||||||||||
Increase in vacation ownership notes receivable reserve(2) | 2 | 12 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | 39 | 21 | 60 | ||||||||||||||
| Securitizations | (9) | 9 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Clean-up call | 3 | (3) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Write-offs | (49) | — | (49) | ||||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 27 | — | 27 | ||||||||||||||
Defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable repurchase activity(1) | 32 | (32) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Initial allowance for credit losses for Legacy-Welk vacation ownership notes receivable | 11 | 21 | 32 | ||||||||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in vacation ownership notes receivable reserve | (7) | 7 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 47 | $ | 23 | $ | 70 | |||||||||||
_________________________
(1)Decrease in securitized vacation ownership notes receivable reserve and increase in non-securitized vacation ownership notes receivable reserve are attributable to the transfer of the reserve when we voluntarily repurchased defaulted securitized vacation ownership notes receivable.
(2)Increase in vacation ownership notes receivable reserve includes $10 million ($8 million non-securitized and $2 million securitized) attributable to the increased reserve as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Originated Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable
Originated vacation ownership notes receivable represent vacation ownership notes receivable originated by Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk subsequent to each respective acquisition date and all Legacy-MVW vacation ownership notes receivable. The following table shows future principal payments, net of reserves, and interest rates for our originated vacation ownership notes receivable at December 31, 2021.
| Originated Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | $ | 48 | $ | 127 | $ | 175 | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 28 | 130 | 158 | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 28 | 132 | 160 | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 28 | 134 | 162 | ||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 29 | 139 | 168 | ||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | 202 | 646 | 848 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 363 | $ | 1,308 | $ | 1,671 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average stated interest rate | 12.9% | 12.9% | 12.9% | ||||||||||||||
| Range of stated interest rates | 0.0% to 20.9% | 0.0% to 19.9% | 0.0% to 20.9% | ||||||||||||||
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For originated vacation ownership notes receivable, we record the difference between the vacation ownership note receivable and the variable consideration included in the transaction price for the sale of the related vacation ownership product as a reserve on our vacation ownership notes receivable. The following table summarizes the activity related to our originated vacation ownership notes receivable reserve.
| Originated Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Reserve | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | 61 | 79 | 140 | ||||||||||||||
| Increase in vacation ownership notes receivable reserve | 94 | 18 | 112 | ||||||||||||||
| Securitizations | (81) | 81 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Clean-up call | 24 | (24) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Write-offs | (48) | — | (48) | ||||||||||||||
Defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable repurchase activity(1) | 40 | (40) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | 90 | 114 | 204 | ||||||||||||||
Increase in vacation ownership notes receivable reserve(2) | 87 | 50 | 137 | ||||||||||||||
| Securitizations | (70) | 70 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Clean-up call | 37 | (37) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Write-offs | (31) | — | (31) | ||||||||||||||
Defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable repurchase activity(1) | 80 | (80) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | 193 | 117 | 310 | ||||||||||||||
| Increase in vacation ownership notes receivable reserve | 78 | 24 | 102 | ||||||||||||||
| Securitizations | (76) | 76 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Clean-up call | 12 | (12) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Write-offs | (79) | — | (79) | ||||||||||||||
Defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable repurchase activity(1) | 65 | (65) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 193 | $ | 140 | $ | 333 | |||||||||||
_________________________
(1)Decrease in securitized vacation ownership notes receivable reserve and increase in non-securitized vacation ownership notes receivable reserve are attributable to the transfer of the reserve when we voluntarily repurchased defaulted securitized vacation ownership notes receivable.
(2)Increase in vacation ownership notes receivable reserve includes $59 million ($32 million non-securitized and $27 million securitized) attributable to the increased reserve as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Credit Quality of Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable
Legacy-MVW Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable
For both Legacy-MVW non-securitized and securitized vacation ownership notes receivable, we estimated average remaining default rate of 6.74% as of both December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. A 0.5 percentage point increase in the estimated default rate would have resulted in an increase in the related vacation ownership notes receivable reserve of $6 million as of both December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
We use the aging of the vacation ownership notes receivable as the primary credit quality indicator for our Legacy-MVW vacation ownership notes receivable, as historical performance indicates that there is a relationship between the default behavior of borrowers and the age of the receivable associated with the vacation ownership interest.
The following table shows our recorded investment in non-accrual Legacy-MVW vacation ownership notes receivable, which are vacation ownership notes receivable that are 90 days or more past due.
| Legacy-MVW Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status at December 31, 2021 | $ | 88 | $ | 8 | $ | 96 | |||||||||||
| Investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status at December 31, 2020 | $ | 100 | $ | 14 | $ | 114 | |||||||||||
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The following table shows the aging of the recorded investment in principal, before reserves, in Legacy-MVW vacation ownership notes receivable as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
| Legacy-MVW Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 – 90 days past due | $ | 6 | $ | 20 | $ | 26 | $ | 8 | $ | 25 | $ | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 91 – 150 days past due | 4 | 8 | 12 | 5 | 14 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 150 days past due | 84 | — | 84 | 95 | — | 95 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total past due | 94 | 28 | 122 | 108 | 39 | 147 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | 180 | 1,027 | 1,207 | 231 | 1,011 | 1,242 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total vacation ownership notes receivable | $ | 274 | $ | 1,055 | $ | 1,329 | $ | 339 | $ | 1,050 | $ | 1,389 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table details the origination year of our Legacy-MVW vacation ownership notes receivable as of December 31, 2021.
| Legacy-MVW Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Year of Origination | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | $ | 129 | $ | 274 | $ | 403 | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 20 | 165 | 185 | ||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 46 | 250 | 296 | ||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 29 | 161 | 190 | ||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 15 | 96 | 111 | ||||||||||||||
| 2016 & Prior | 35 | 109 | 144 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 274 | $ | 1,055 | $ | 1,329 | ||||||||||||
Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable
At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the weighted average FICO score within our consolidated Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk vacation ownership notes receivable was 707 and 708, respectively, based upon the FICO score of the borrower at the time of origination. The average estimated rate for all future defaults for our Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk consolidated outstanding pool of vacation ownership notes receivable was 17.33% as of December 31, 2021 and 14.63% as of December 31, 2020. A 0.5 percentage point increase in the estimated default rate on the Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk vacation ownership notes receivable would have resulted in an increase in the related vacation ownership notes receivable reserve of $4 million as of December 31, 2021, and $3 million as of December 31, 2020.
We use the origination of the vacation ownership notes receivable by brand (Westin, Sheraton, Hyatt, Welk) and the FICO scores of the customer as the primary credit quality indicators for our Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk vacation ownership notes receivable, as historical performance indicates that there is a relationship between the default behavior of borrowers and the brand associated with the vacation ownership interest they have acquired, supplemented by the FICO scores of the customers. Vacation ownership notes receivable with no FICO score in the tables below primarily relate to non-U.S. resident borrowers.
The following table shows our recorded investment in non-accrual Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk vacation ownership notes receivable, which are vacation ownership notes receivable that are 90 days or more past due.
| Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status at December 31, 2021 | $ | 114 | $ | 10 | $ | 124 | |||||||||||
| Investment in vacation ownership notes receivable on non-accrual status at December 31, 2020 | $ | 109 | $ | 12 | $ | 121 | |||||||||||
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The following table shows the aging of the recorded investment in principal, before reserves, in Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk vacation ownership notes receivable as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
| Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | Non-Securitized | Securitized | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 – 90 days past due | $ | 16 | $ | 24 | $ | 40 | $ | 8 | $ | 19 | $ | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 91 – 120 days past due | 4 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 120 days past due | 110 | 4 | 114 | 107 | 5 | 112 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total past due | 130 | 34 | 164 | 117 | 31 | 148 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | 219 | 735 | 954 | 123 | 550 | 673 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total vacation ownership notes receivable | $ | 349 | $ | 769 | $ | 1,118 | $ | 240 | $ | 581 | $ | 821 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The following tables show the Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, before reserves, by brand and FICO score.
| Acquired Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 700 + | 600 - 699 | < 600 | No Score | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Westin | $ | 52 | $ | 32 | $ | 3 | $ | 8 | $ | 95 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sheraton | 54 | 48 | 8 | 23 | 133 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hyatt | 8 | 6 | 1 | — | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Welk | 115 | 79 | 1 | 2 | 197 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 2 | — | — | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 231 | $ | 165 | $ | 13 | $ | 35 | $ | 444 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 700 + | 600 - 699 | < 600 | No Score | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Westin | $ | 81 | $ | 48 | $ | 4 | $ | 11 | $ | 144 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sheraton | 81 | 73 | 13 | 31 | 198 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hyatt | 12 | 9 | 1 | — | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 2 | 1 | — | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 176 | $ | 131 | $ | 18 | $ | 44 | $ | 369 | ||||||||||||||||||||
The following tables detail the origination year of our Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk acquired vacation ownership notes receivable by brand and FICO score as of December 31, 2021.
| Acquired Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable - Westin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 & Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 700 + | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 14 | $ | 38 | $ | 52 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 600 - 699 | — | — | — | 8 | 24 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < 600 | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No Score | — | — | — | 2 | 6 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 26 | $ | 69 | $ | 95 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable - Sheraton | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 & Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 700 + | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 16 | $ | 38 | $ | 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 600 - 699 | — | — | — | 12 | 36 | 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < 600 | — | — | — | 5 | 3 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No Score | — | — | — | 7 | 16 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 40 | $ | 93 | $ | 133 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
105
| Acquired Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable - Hyatt and Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 & Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 700 + | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2 | $ | 8 | $ | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 600 - 699 | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < 600 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No Score | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4 | $ | 15 | $ | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable - Welk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 & Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 700 + | $ | 9 | $ | 24 | $ | 30 | $ | 20 | $ | 32 | $ | 115 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 600 - 699 | 5 | 15 | 21 | 13 | 25 | 79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < 600 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No Score | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 14 | $ | 40 | $ | 52 | $ | 33 | $ | 58 | $ | 197 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following tables show the Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk originated vacation ownership notes receivable, before reserves, by brand and FICO score.
| Originated Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 700 + | 600 - 699 | < 600 | No Score | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Westin | $ | 143 | $ | 66 | $ | 8 | $ | 34 | $ | 251 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sheraton | 136 | 94 | 20 | 46 | 296 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hyatt | 22 | 11 | — | — | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Welk | 65 | 27 | 1 | 1 | 94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 366 | $ | 198 | $ | 29 | $ | 81 | $ | 674 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Originated Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 700 + | 600 - 699 | < 600 | No Score | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Westin | $ | 109 | $ | 52 | $ | 6 | $ | 23 | $ | 190 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sheraton | 106 | 72 | 16 | 43 | 237 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hyatt | 16 | 8 | — | — | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 231 | $ | 132 | $ | 22 | $ | 66 | $ | 451 | ||||||||||||||||||||
The following tables detail the origination year of our Legacy-ILG and Legacy-Welk originated vacation ownership notes receivable by brand and FICO score as of December 31, 2021.
| Originated Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable - Westin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 & Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 700 + | $ | 72 | $ | 22 | $ | 41 | $ | 8 | $ | — | $ | 143 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 600 - 699 | 30 | 10 | 22 | 4 | — | 66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < 600 | 3 | 2 | 3 | — | — | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No Score | 20 | 5 | 8 | 1 | — | 34 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 125 | $ | 39 | $ | 74 | $ | 13 | $ | — | $ | 251 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
106
| Originated Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable - Sheraton | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 & Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 700 + | $ | 65 | $ | 23 | $ | 38 | $ | 10 | $ | — | $ | 136 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 600 - 699 | 43 | 16 | 27 | 8 | — | 94 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < 600 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 1 | — | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No Score | 12 | 9 | 21 | 4 | — | 46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 129 | $ | 52 | $ | 92 | $ | 23 | $ | — | $ | 296 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Originated Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable - Hyatt | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 & Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 700 + | $ | 12 | $ | 3 | $ | 6 | $ | 1 | $ | — | $ | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 600 - 699 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < 600 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No Score | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 17 | $ | 5 | $ | 9 | $ | 2 | $ | — | $ | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Originated Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable - Welk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 & Prior | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 700 + | $ | 65 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 65 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 600 - 699 | $ | 27 | — | — | — | — | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < 600 | $ | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No Score | $ | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 94 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
107
7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table shows the carrying values and the estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities that qualify as financial instruments, determined in accordance with the authoritative guidance for disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The table excludes Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash, Accounts receivable, deposits included in Other assets, Accounts payable, Advance deposits and Accrued liabilities, all of which had fair values approximating their carrying amounts due to the short maturities and liquidity of these instruments.
| At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable | $ | 2,045 | $ | 2,102 | $ | 1,840 | $ | 1,886 | |||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 76 | 76 | 60 | 60 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | 2,121 | $ | 2,178 | $ | 1,900 | $ | 1,946 | |||||||||||||||
| Securitized debt, net | $ | (1,856) | $ | (1,900) | $ | (1,588) | $ | (1,653) | |||||||||||||||
| 2025 Notes, net | (248) | (261) | (494) | (533) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 Notes, net | — | — | (744) | (784) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2028 Notes, net | (346) | (362) | (346) | (359) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2029 Notes, net | (493) | (505) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Term Loan, net | (776) | (784) | (873) | (864) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 Convertible notes, net | (224) | (280) | (215) | (262) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 Convertible notes, net | (461) | (682) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial liabilities | $ | (4,404) | $ | (4,774) | $ | (4,260) | $ | (4,455) | |||||||||||||||
Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable
| At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securitized | $ | 1,662 | $ | 1,712 | $ | 1,493 | $ | 1,530 | |||||||||||||||
| Eligible for securitization | 97 | 104 | 128 | 137 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Not eligible for securitization | 286 | 286 | 219 | 219 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-securitized | 383 | 390 | 347 | 356 | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 2,045 | $ | 2,102 | $ | 1,840 | $ | 1,886 | ||||||||||||||||
We estimate the fair value of our vacation ownership notes receivable that have been securitized using a discounted cash flow model. We believe this is comparable to the model that an independent third party would use in the current market. Our model uses default rates, prepayment rates, coupon rates, and loan terms for our securitized vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio as key drivers of risk and relative value to determine the fair value of the underlying vacation ownership notes receivable. We concluded that this fair value measurement should be categorized within Level 3.
Due to factors that impact the general marketability of our vacation ownership notes receivable that have not been securitized, as well as current market conditions, we bifurcate our non-securitized vacation ownership notes receivable at each balance sheet date into those eligible and not eligible for securitization using criteria applicable to current securitization transactions in the asset-backed securities (“ABS”) market. Generally, vacation ownership notes receivable are considered not eligible for securitization if any of the following attributes are present: (1) payments are greater than 30 days past due; (2) the first payment has not been received; or (3) the collateral is located in Asia or Europe. In some cases, eligibility may also be determined based on the credit score of the borrower, the remaining term of the loans and other similar factors that may reflect investor demand in a securitization transaction or the cost to effectively securitize the vacation ownership notes receivable.
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The table above shows the bifurcation of our vacation ownership notes receivable that have not been securitized into those eligible and not eligible for securitization based upon the aforementioned eligibility criteria. We estimate the fair value of the portion of our vacation ownership notes receivable that have not been securitized that we believe will ultimately be securitized in the same manner as vacation ownership notes receivable that have been securitized. We value the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable that have not been securitized at their carrying value, rather than using our pricing model. We believe that the carrying value of these particular vacation ownership notes receivable approximates fair value because the stated, or otherwise imputed, interest rates of these loans are consistent with current market rates and the reserve for these vacation ownership notes receivable appropriately accounts for risks in default rates, prepayment rates, discount rates, and loan terms. We concluded that this fair value measurement should be categorized within Level 3.
Other Assets
Other assets include $76 million of company owned insurance policies (the “COLI policies”), acquired on the lives of certain participants in the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Deferred Compensation Plan, that are held in a rabbi trust. The carrying value of the COLI policies is equal to their cash surrender value (Level 2 inputs).
Securitized Debt
We generate cash flow estimates by modeling all bond tranches for our active vacation ownership notes receivable securitization transactions, with consideration for the collateral specific to each tranche. The key drivers in our analysis include default rates, prepayment rates, bond interest rates, and other structural factors, which we use to estimate the projected cash flows. In order to estimate market credit spreads by rating, we obtain indicative credit spreads from investment banks that actively issue and facilitate the market for vacation ownership securities and determine an average credit spread by rating level of the different tranches. We then apply those estimated market spreads to swap rates in order to estimate an underlying discount rate for calculating the fair value of the active bonds payable. We concluded that this fair value measurement should be categorized within Level 3.
Senior Notes
We estimate the fair value of our 2025 Notes, 2026 Notes, 2028 Notes, and 2029 Notes (each as defined in Footnote 16 “Debt”) using quoted market prices as of the last trading day for the quarter; however these notes have only a limited trading history and volume, and as such this fair value estimate is not necessarily indicative of the value at which these notes could be retired or transferred. We concluded that this fair value measurement should be categorized within Level 2.
Term Loan
We estimate the fair value of our Term Loan (as defined in Footnote 16 “Debt”) using quotes from securities dealers as of the last trading day for the quarter; however this loan has only a limited trading history and volume, and as such this fair value estimate is not necessarily indicative of the value at which the Term Loan could be retired or transferred. We concluded that this fair value measurement should be categorized within Level 3.
Convertible Notes
We estimate the fair value of our 2022 Convertible Notes and 2026 Convertible Notes (referred to collectively as our “convertible notes”) using quoted market prices as of the last trading day for the quarter; however these notes have only a limited trading history and volume, and as such this fair value estimate is not necessarily indicative of the value at which the convertible notes could be retired or transferred. We concluded that this fair value measurement should be categorized within Level 2. The difference between the carrying value and the fair value is primarily attributed to the underlying conversion feature and the spread between the conversion price and the market value of the shares underlying the convertible notes.
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8. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings or loss per common share attributable to common shareholders is calculated by dividing net income or loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Treasury stock is excluded from the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings or loss per common share attributable to common shareholders is calculated to give effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the reporting period, except in periods when there is a loss because the inclusion of the potential common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect. The dilutive effect of outstanding equity-based compensation awards is reflected in diluted earnings or loss per common share applicable to common shareholders by application of the treasury stock method using average market prices during the period.
Our calculation of diluted earnings or loss per share attributable to common shareholders reflects our intent to settle conversions of our convertible notes through a combination settlement, which contemplates repayment in cash of the principal amount and repayment in shares of our common stock of any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount (the “conversion premium”). Therefore, we include only the shares that may be issued with respect to any conversion premium in total dilutive weighted average shares outstanding, which we calculate using the treasury stock method based upon an average price per share for the period.
As of December 31, 2021, a conversion premium existed for our 2022 Convertible Notes, which had a dilutive impact on our diluted earnings per share as of December 31, 2021. No conversion premium for our 2022 Convertible Notes existed as of December 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019, and there was no dilutive impact on our diluted earnings per share as of December 31, 2020 or 2019. No conversion premium existed for our 2026 Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2021, and there was no dilutive impact on our diluted earnings per share as of December 31, 2021.
The shares issuable on exercise of the warrants sold in connection with the issuance of the our convertible notes will not impact the total dilutive weighted average shares outstanding unless and until the price of our common stock exceeds the respective strike price. If and when the price of our common stock exceeds the respective strike price of either of the warrants, we will include the dilutive effect of the additional shares that may be issued upon exercise of the warrants in total dilutive weighted average shares outstanding, which we calculate using the treasury stock method. The convertible note hedges purchased in connection with each issuance of the convertible notes are considered to be anti-dilutive and do not impact our calculation of diluted earnings per share attributable to common shareholders for any periods presented herein. See Footnote 16 “Debt” for further information on our convertible notes.
The table below illustrates the reconciliation of the earnings or loss and number of shares used in our calculation of basic and diluted earnings or loss per share attributable to common shareholders.
_________________________
(1)The computations of diluted earnings per share attributable to common shareholders exclude approximately 166,000 and 345,000 shares of common stock, the maximum number of shares issuable as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019, respectively, upon the vesting of certain performance-based awards, because the performance conditions required to be met for the shares subject to such awards to vest were not achieved by the end of the reporting period.
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(2)For 2020, the following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the above calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders during the periods presented, as the effects of including these securities would have been anti-dilutive.
In accordance with the applicable accounting guidance for calculating earnings per share, for the year ended December 31, 2021, we excluded from our calculation of diluted earnings per share 126,804 shares underlying SARs that may settle in shares of common stock because the exercise price of $173.88 of such SARs was greater than the average market price for the period. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we excluded from our calculation of diluted earnings per share 56,649 shares underlying SARs that may settle in shares of common stock because the exercise price of $143.38 of such SARs was greater than the average market price for the period.
9. INVENTORY
The following table shows the composition of our inventory balances:
| ($ in millions) | At Year-End 2021 | At Year-End 2020 | ||||||||||||
Real estate inventory(1) | 710 | 749 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 719 | $ | 759 | |||||||||||
_________________________
(1)Represents completed inventory that is available and registered for sale as vacation ownership interests and vacation ownership inventory expected to be acquired pursuant to estimated future foreclosures.
We value vacation ownership interests at the lower of cost or fair market value less costs to sell, in accordance with applicable accounting guidance, and we record operating supplies at the lower of cost (using the first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value.
In addition to the above, at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $460 million and $162 million, respectively, of completed vacation ownership units which are classified as a component of Property and equipment, net until the time at which they are available and legally registered for sale as vacation ownership products. We also have $14 million and $43 million of deposits on future purchases of inventory at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which are included in the Other assets line on our Balance Sheets.
10. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
The following table details the composition of our property and equipment balances:
| ($ in millions) | At Year-End 2021 | At Year-End 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Land and land improvements | $ | 441 | $ | 285 | ||||||||||
| Buildings and leasehold improvements | 697 | 482 | ||||||||||||
| Furniture, fixtures and other equipment | 136 | 95 | ||||||||||||
| Information technology | 413 | 322 | ||||||||||||
| Construction in progress | 37 | 68 | ||||||||||||
| 1,724 | 1,252 | |||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | (588) | (461) | ||||||||||||
| $ | 1,136 | $ | 791 | |||||||||||
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11. GOODWILL
The following table details the carrying amount of our goodwill at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and reflects goodwill attributed to the ILG Acquisition and the Welk Acquisition.
| ($ in millions) | Vacation Ownership Segment | Exchange & Third-Party Management Segment | Total Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 2,445 | $ | 447 | $ | 2,892 | |||||||||||
| Impairment | — | (73) | (73) | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange adjustments | — | (2) | (2) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | 2,445 | 372 | 2,817 | ||||||||||||||
| Welk Acquisition | 299 | — | 299 | ||||||||||||||
| Measurement period adjustments | 34 | — | 34 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December, 2021 | $ | 2,778 | $ | 372 | $ | 3,150 | |||||||||||
2021
During the 2021 fourth quarter, we conducted our annual goodwill impairment test, which was a qualitative evaluation, and no impairment charges were recorded. The estimated fair values of all of our reporting units significantly exceeded their carrying values at the date of their most recent estimated fair value determination.
2020
During 2020, we concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of both of our reporting units was below their respective carrying amounts. The factors that led to this conclusion at that time were related to the COVID-19 pandemic and included: (i) the substantial decline in our stock price and market capitalization; (ii) the temporary closure of substantially all of our Vacation Ownership reporting unit sales centers; (iii) the government stay-at-home orders in place in many of the jurisdictions in which we operate; (iv) our planned furloughs and reduced work schedule arrangements; (v) the impact of travel restrictions on the hospitality industry; and (vi) the macroeconomic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic.
We utilized a combination of the income and market approaches to estimate the fair value of our reporting units (Level 3). We concluded that there was no impairment of the Vacation Ownership reporting unit as declines in expected future operating results were not substantial enough to cause the fair value of the reporting unit to be below its carrying amount. We recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $73 million in the Impairment line on our Income Statement during 2020 related to the Exchange & Third-Party Management reporting unit, which was primarily driven by the change in expected future operating results as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
12. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table details the composition of our intangible asset balances:
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| Definite-lived intangible assets | |||||||||||
| Member relationships | $ | 671 | $ | 671 | |||||||
| Management contracts | 452 | 351 | |||||||||
| 1,123 | 1,022 | ||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization | (194) | (134) | |||||||||
| 929 | 888 | ||||||||||
| Indefinite-lived intangible assets | |||||||||||
| Trade names | 64 | 64 | |||||||||
| $ | 993 | $ | 952 | ||||||||
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
Definite-lived intangible assets, all of which were acquired as part of the ILG and Welk Acquisitions, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 15 to 25 years. We recorded amortization expense of $61 million in 2021, $57 million in 2020, and $59 million in 2019 in the Depreciation and amortization line of our Income Statements. For these assets, we estimate that our aggregate amortization expense will be $62 million for each of the next five fiscal years.
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Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
The following table summarizes the activity related to our indefinite-lived intangible assets, all of which are related to the Exchange & Third-Party Management segment.
| ($ in millions) | Trade Names | |||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 82 | ||||||
| Impairment | (18) | |||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | 64 | |||||||
| Impairment | — | |||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 64 | ||||||
2020
We recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $18 million in the Impairment line on our Income Statement during the first quarter of 2020 related to the indefinite-lived intangible assets in our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, which was primarily attributed to the decline in estimated near-term revenues and related recovery of long-term revenues as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
13. CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS
Commitments and Letters of Credit
As of December 31, 2021, we had the following commitments outstanding:
•We have various contracts for the use of information technology hardware and software that we use in the normal course of business. Our aggregate commitment under these contracts was $99 million, of which we expect $52 million, $28 million, $11 million, $6 million, and $2 million will be paid in 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, and 2026 and thereafter, respectively.
•We have a commitment to acquire real estate for use in our Vacation Ownership segment via our involvement with a VIE. Refer to Footnote 19 “Variable Interest Entities” for additional information and our activities relating to the VIE involved in this transaction.
•We have a remaining commitment to purchase 88 vacation ownership units located in Bali, Indonesia for use in our Vacation Ownership segment, contingent upon completion of construction to agreed-upon standards. We expect to complete the acquisition in 2022 and to make the remaining payments with respect to these units, when specific construction milestones associated with the co-located hotel are completed, as follows: $11 million in 2022, $7 million in 2023, and $4 million in 2024.
•We have commitments to acquire inventory from our managed owners’ associations in 2022 for $66 million.
Surety bonds issued as of December 31, 2021 totaled $118 million, the majority of which were requested by federal, state or local governments in connection with our operations.
As of December 31, 2021, we had $2 million of letters of credit outstanding under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility (as defined in Footnote 16 “Debt”). In addition, as of December 31, 2021, we had $2 million in letters of credit outstanding related to and in lieu of reserves required for several vacation ownership notes receivable securitization transactions outstanding. These letters of credit are not issued pursuant to, nor do they impact our borrowing capacity under, the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility.
Guarantees
Certain of our rental management agreements in our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment provide for owners of properties we manage to receive specified percentages or guaranteed amounts of the rental revenue generated under our management. In these cases, the operating expenses for the rental operations are paid from the revenue generated by the rentals, the owners are then paid their contractual percentages or guaranteed amounts, and our vacation rental business either retains the balance (if any) as its fee or makes up the deficit. At December 31, 2021, our maximum exposure under fixed dollar guarantees was $10 million, of which $3 million, $2 million, $2 million, $1 million, $1 million, and $1 million relate to 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, and thereafter, respectively.
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We have a commitment to an owners’ association that we manage to pay for any shortfall between the actual expenses incurred by the owners’ association and the income received by the owners’ association. The agreement will terminate on the earlier of: 1) sale of 80% of the total ownership interests in the owners’ association; or 2) upon our written notification of termination. At December 31, 2021, our expected commitment for 2022 is $17 million, which will ultimately be recorded as a component of rental expense on our income statement.
Loss Contingencies
In March 2017, RCHFU, L.L.C. and other owners at The Ritz-Carlton Club, Aspen Highlands (“RCC Aspen Highlands”) filed a complaint in an action pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado against us and certain third parties, alleging that their fractional interests were devalued by the affiliation of the RCC Aspen Highlands and other Ritz-Carlton Clubs with our points-based Marriott Vacation Club Destinations (“MVCD”) program. The plaintiffs sought compensatory damages, disgorgement, punitive damages, fees and costs. In September 2021, the District Court granted our motion for summary judgment and dismissed the case. The plaintiffs appealed the ruling and in February 2022 dismissed their appeal with prejudice pursuant to a settlement for a non-material amount.
In May 2016, a purported class-action lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida by Anthony and Beth Lennen against us and certain third parties. The complaint challenged the characterization of the beneficial interests in the MVCD trust that are sold to customers as real estate interests under Florida law, the structure of the trust, and associated operational aspects of the trust. The plaintiffs sought declaratory relief, an unwinding of the MVCD product, and punitive damages. In August 2019, the District Court granted our motion for judgment on the pleadings and dismissed the case. The plaintiffs appealed the ruling, and in December 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the District Court’s judgment in favor of the Company. In February 2022, the plaintiffs agreed to forego further appeal pursuant to a settlement for a non-material amount.
In February 2019, the owners’ association for the St. Regis Residence Club, New York filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court for the State of New York, New York County, Commercial Division against ILG and several of its subsidiaries and certain third parties. The operative complaint alleges that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties related to sale and rental practices, aided and abetted certain breaches of fiduciary duty, engaged in self-dealing as the sponsor and manager of the club, tortiously interfered with the management agreement, was unjustly enriched, and engaged in anticompetitive conduct. The plaintiff is seeking unspecified damages, punitive damages and disgorgement of payments under the management and purchase agreements. In February 2022, the Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss and granted the plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint within 30 days.
In April 2019, a purported class-action lawsuit was filed by Alan and Marjorie Helman and others against us in the Superior Court of the Virgin Islands, Division of St. Thomas alleging that their fractional interests were devalued by the affiliation of The Ritz-Carlton Club, St. Thomas and other Ritz-Carlton Clubs with our MVCD program. The lawsuit was subsequently removed to the U.S. District Court for the District of the Virgin Islands. The plaintiffs are seeking unspecified damages, disgorgement of profits, fees and costs.
In May 2019, the G.A. Resort Condominium Association Inc., the owners’ association for the fractional owners at the Hyatt Residence Club Grand Aspen resort (“HRC Grand Aspen”) filed a lawsuit against us in the District Court for the County of Pitkin, Colorado relating to the transfer of ownership of developer-owned fractional interests at HRC Grand Aspen to the HPC Trust Club for sale and use as a part of the Hyatt Residence Club Portfolio Program. The lawsuit was subsequently removed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado. The plaintiff sought termination of the management agreement with the owners’ association, the annulment of certain amendments to governing documents at HRC Grand Aspen, the removal of fractional interests at HRC Grand Aspen from the HPC Trust Club, unspecified damages, disgorgement of profits, fees and costs. In November 2020, the District Court granted our motion to dismiss and dismissed the case. The plaintiff appealed the ruling and in November 2021 agreed to dismiss its appeal with prejudice pursuant to a settlement for a non-material amount.
We believe we have meritorious defenses to the claims in each of the above pending matters and intend to vigorously defend each matter.
In the ordinary course of our business, various claims and lawsuits have been filed or are pending against us. A number of these lawsuits and claims may exist at any given time. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic may give rise to various claims and lawsuits from owners, members and other parties. We record and accrue for legal contingencies when we determine that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In making such determinations, we evaluate, among other things, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and, when it is probable that a liability has been incurred, our ability to make a reasonable estimate of loss. We review these accruals each reporting period and make revisions based on changes in facts and circumstances.
We have not accrued for any of the pending matters described above and we cannot estimate a range of the potential liability associated with these pending matters, if any, at this time. We have accrued for other claims and lawsuits, but the
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amount accrued is not material individually or in the aggregate. For matters not requiring accrual, we do not believe that the ultimate outcome of such matters, individually or in the aggregate, will materially harm our financial position, cash flows, or overall trends in results of operations based on information currently available. However, legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and while we believe that our accruals are adequate and/or we have valid defenses to the claims asserted, unfavorable rulings could occur that could, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.
14. LEASES
The following table presents the carrying values of our leases and the classification on our Balance Sheet.
| ($ in millions) | Balance Sheet Classification | At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | $ | 96 | $ | 131 | |||||||||||||
| Finance lease assets | 89 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 185 | $ | 139 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | $ | 108 | $ | 138 | |||||||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities | 83 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 191 | $ | 146 | ||||||||||||||
The following table presents the lease costs and the classification on our Income Statements for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
| ($ in millions) | Income Statement Classification | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | Marketing and sales expense General and administrative expense | $ | 35 | $ | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | Depreciation and amortization | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | Financing expense | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable lease cost | Marketing and sales expense | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 43 | $ | 44 | ||||||||||||||||||||
The following table presents the maturity of our operating and financing lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021.
| ($ in millions) | Operating Leases | Finance Leases | Total | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | $ | 25 | $ | 7 | $ | 32 | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 23 | 5 | 28 | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 20 | 4 | 24 | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 18 | 4 | 22 | ||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 16 | 4 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | 25 | 259 | 284 | ||||||||||||||
| Total lease payments | 127 | 283 | 410 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Imputed interest | (19) | (200) | (219) | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 108 | $ | 83 | $ | 191 | ||||||||||||
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Lease Term and Discount Rate
The following table presents additional information about our lease obligations.
| At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term | |||||||||||
| Operating leases | 6.4 years | 19.1 years | |||||||||
| Finance leases | 53.7 years | 3.0 years | |||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | |||||||||||
| Operating leases | 5.8% | 5.8% | |||||||||
| Finance leases | 5.3% | 3.9% | |||||||||
Other Information
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information for 2021 and 2020.
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Operating cash flows for finance leases | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | |||||||
| Operating cash flows for operating leases | $ | 34 | $ | 41 | |||||||
| Financing cash flows for finance leases | $ | 5 | $ | 11 | |||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations | |||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 7 | $ | 27 | |||||||
Finance leases(1) | $ | 86 | $ | 7 | |||||||
_________________________
(1)Includes the reclassification of certain lease components from operating lease to finance lease classification, attributable to the amendment of an existing lease.
Leases That Have Not Yet Commenced
During the first quarter of 2020, we entered into a finance lease arrangement for our new global headquarters being constructed in Orlando, Florida. The initial lease term is approximately 16 years with total lease payments of $137 million for the aforementioned period. During 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and our ongoing evaluation of future space needs, we entered into a standstill arrangement with the developer/lessor, which expired in June 2021. During the second quarter of 2021, we amended our lease agreement with the developer/lessor and expect the new office building to be completed in 2023. Upon commencement of the lease term, a right-of-use asset and corresponding liability will be recorded on our balance sheet.
15. SECURITIZED DEBT
The following table provides detail on our securitized debt, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs.
| ($ in millions) | At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||
Vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, gross(1) | $ | 1,877 | $ | 1,604 | ||||||||||
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | (21) | (16) | ||||||||||||
| $ | 1,856 | $ | 1,588 | |||||||||||
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(1)Interest rates as of December 31, 2021 range from 1.5% to 4.4%, with a weighted average interest rate of 2.3%
All of our securitized debt is non-recourse to us. See Footnote 19 “Variable Interest Entities” for a discussion of the collateral for the non-recourse debt associated with our securitized debt.
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The following table shows scheduled future principal payments for our securitized debt as of December 31, 2021.
| Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations | |||||
| ($ in millions) | |||||
| Payments Year | |||||
| 2022 | $ | 191 | |||
| 2023 | 196 | ||||
| 2024 | 200 | ||||
| 2025 | 199 | ||||
| 2026 | 199 | ||||
| Thereafter | 892 | ||||
| $ | 1,877 | ||||
Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations
Each of the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable transactions contains various triggers relating to the performance of the underlying vacation ownership notes receivable. If a pool of securitized vacation ownership notes receivable fails to perform within the pool’s established parameters (default or delinquency thresholds vary by transaction), transaction provisions effectively redirect the monthly excess spread we would otherwise receive from that pool (attributable to the interests we retained) to accelerate the principal payments to investors (taking into account the subordination of the different tranches to the extent there are multiple tranches) until the performance trigger is cured. During 2021, and as of December 31, 2021, no securitized vacation ownership notes receivable pools were out of compliance with their respective established parameters. As of December 31, 2021, we had 14 securitized vacation ownership notes receivable pools outstanding.
As the contractual terms of the underlying securitized vacation ownership notes receivable determine the maturities of the non-recourse debt associated with them, actual maturities may occur earlier than shown above due to prepayments by the vacation ownership notes receivable obligors.
During the second quarter of 2021, we completed the securitization of a pool of $434 million of vacation ownership notes receivable. In connection with the securitization, investors purchased in a private placement $425 million in vacation ownership loan backed notes from MVW 2021-1W LLC (the “2021-1W LLC”). Four classes of vacation ownership loan backed notes were issued by the 2021-1W LLC: $207 million of Class A Notes, $107 million of Class B Notes, $80 million of Class C Notes, and $31 million of Class D Notes. The Class A Notes have an interest rate of 1.14%, the Class B Notes have an interest rate of 1.44%, the Class C Notes have an interest rate of 1.94%, and the Class D Notes have an interest rate of 3.17%, for an overall weighted average interest rate of 1.52%. Of the $425 million in proceeds from the transaction, $8 million was used to pay transaction expenses and fund required reserves, and the remainder will be used for general corporate purposes. In connection with the 2021-1W securitization, we redeemed certain remaining vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations from 2014 and 2015, as well as certain vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations acquired as part of the Welk Acquisition.
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed the securitization of a pool of $434 million of vacation ownership notes receivable. Approximately $376 million of the vacation ownership notes receivable were purchased by the MVW 2021-2 LLC (the “2021-2 LLC”) during the fourth quarter of 2021, and as of December 31, 2021, the 2021-2 LLC held $57 million of the proceeds, which was released as the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable were purchased subsequent to December 31, 2021.
In connection with the securitization during the fourth quarter of 2021, investors purchased in a private placement $425 million in vacation ownership loan backed notes from the 2021-2 LLC. Three classes of vacation ownership loan backed notes were issued by the 2021-2 LLC: $265 million of Class A Notes, $95 million of Class B Notes, and $65 million of Class C Notes. The Class A Notes have an interest rate of 1.43%, the Class B Notes have an interest rate of 1.83%, and the Class C Notes have an interest rate of 2.23%, for an overall weighted average interest rate of 1.64%. Of the $425 million in proceeds from the transaction, approximately $107 million was used to repay all outstanding amounts previously drawn under our Warehouse Credit Facility (as defined below), approximately $8 million was used to pay transaction expenses and fund required reserves, and the remaining $204 million will be used for general corporate purposes.
Subsequent to end of 2021, the 2021-2 LLC purchased the remaining $58 million of vacation ownership notes receivable and $57 million was released from restricted cash.
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Warehouse Credit Facility
Our warehouse credit facility (the “Warehouse Credit Facility”), which has a borrowing capacity of $350 million, allows for the securitization of vacation ownership notes receivable on a revolving non-recourse basis. The Warehouse Credit Facility terminates on April 21, 2023, and if not renewed prior to termination, any amounts outstanding thereunder would become due and payable 13 months after termination, at which time all principal and interest collected with respect to the vacation ownership notes receivable held in the Warehouse Credit Facility would be redirected to the lenders to pay down the outstanding debt under the facility. The advance rate for vacation ownership notes receivable securitized using the Warehouse Credit Facility varies based on the characteristics of the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable. We also pay unused facility and other fees under the Warehouse Credit Facility. We generally expect to securitize our vacation ownership notes receivable, including any vacation ownership notes receivable held in the Warehouse Credit Facility, in the ABS market at least once per year.
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we securitized vacation ownership notes receivable under our Warehouse Credit Facility. The carrying amount of the vacation ownership notes receivable securitized was $126 million. The average advance rate was 85%, which resulted in gross proceeds of $107 million. Net proceeds were $106 million due to the funding of reserve accounts of $1 million.
As of December 31, 2021, there were no cash borrowings outstanding under our Warehouse Credit Facility, as all outstanding amounts were repaid in connection with the fourth quarter of 2021 vacation ownership notes receivable securitization transaction as discussed above.
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16. DEBT
The following table provides detail on our debt balances, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs:
| ($ in millions) | At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Senior Secured Notes | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 Notes | $ | 250 | $ | 500 | ||||||||||
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | (2) | (6) | ||||||||||||
| 248 | 494 | |||||||||||||
| Senior Unsecured Notes | ||||||||||||||
| 2026 Notes | — | 750 | ||||||||||||
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | — | (6) | ||||||||||||
| — | 744 | |||||||||||||
| 2028 Notes | 350 | 350 | ||||||||||||
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | (4) | (4) | ||||||||||||
| 346 | 346 | |||||||||||||
| 2029 Notes | 500 | — | ||||||||||||
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | (7) | — | ||||||||||||
| 493 | — | |||||||||||||
| Corporate Credit Facility | ||||||||||||||
| Term Loan | 784 | 884 | ||||||||||||
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | (8) | (11) | ||||||||||||
| 776 | 873 | |||||||||||||
| Convertible Notes | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 Convertible Notes | 230 | 230 | ||||||||||||
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | (6) | (15) | ||||||||||||
| 224 | 215 | |||||||||||||
| 2026 Convertible Notes | 575 | — | ||||||||||||
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | (114) | — | ||||||||||||
| 461 | — | |||||||||||||
| Finance Leases | 83 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 2,631 | $ | 2,680 | |||||||||||
The following table shows scheduled future principal payments for our debt, excluding finance leases, as of December 31, 2021.
| ($ in millions) | 2025 Notes | 2028 Notes | 2029 Notes | Term Loan | 2022 Convertible Notes | 2026 Convertible Notes | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 230 | $ | — | $ | 230 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 250 | — | — | 784 | — | — | 1,034 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | — | — | — | — | — | 575 | 575 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | — | 350 | 500 | — | — | — | 850 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 250 | $ | 350 | $ | 500 | $ | 784 | $ | 230 | $ | 575 | $ | 2,689 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Senior Notes
Our Senior Notes, as further discussed below, include the following:
•$500 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 issued in the second quarter of 2020 with a maturity date of September 15, 2025 (the “2025 Notes”).
•$350 million aggregate principal amount of 4.750% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2028 issued in the fourth quarter of 2019 with a maturity date of January 15, 2028 (the “2028 Notes”).
•$500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.500% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 issued in the second quarter of 2021 with a maturity date of June 15, 2029 (the “2029 Notes”).
2025 Notes
The 2025 Notes are pari passu with, and secured by the same collateral as, our Corporate Credit Facility. We pay interest on the 2025 Notes on May 15 and November 15 of each year. We received net proceeds of approximately $493 million from the offering of the 2025 Notes, after deducting offering expenses and the underwriting discount, which were used to repay all amounts outstanding at that time on the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility. We may redeem some or all of the remaining 2025 Notes prior to maturity under the terms provided in the indenture.
During 2021, we redeemed, prior to maturity, $250 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the 2025 Notes. In connection with this redemption, we incurred charges of $19 million, inclusive of a redemption premium and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs, which was recorded in (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net line on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021.
2028 Notes
We issued the 2028 Notes under an indenture dated October 1, 2019 with The Bank of New York Mellon Trust, as trustee. We received net proceeds of $346 million from the offering, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated expenses. The net proceeds from the 2028 Notes were used (i) to redeem all of the outstanding 5.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2023 assumed in connection with the ILG Acquisition (the “IAC Notes”), (ii) to redeem all of the outstanding 5.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2023 offered in exchange for the IAC Notes during the third quarter of 2018 (the “Exchange Notes”), (iii) to repay a portion of the then outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, (iv) to pay transaction expenses and fees in connection with each of the foregoing and (v) for general corporate purposes. We pay interest on the 2028 Notes on March 15 and September 15 of each year. We may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes prior to maturity under the terms provided in the indenture.
2029 Notes
We issued the 2029 Notes under an indenture dated June 21, 2021 with The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. We received net proceeds of $493 million from the offering, after deducting the underwriting fees and transaction expenses. We used these proceeds in July 2021 to redeem, prior to maturity, $500 million of the $750 million aggregate principal amount of 6.500% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2026 issued in the third quarter of 2018 with a maturity date of September 15, 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) and pay transaction expenses and fees in connection with the transaction. We pay interest on the 2029 Notes on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing on December 15, 2021. We may redeem some or all of the 2029 Notes prior to maturity under the terms provided in the indenture.
2026 Notes
As noted above, in July 2021, we redeemed, prior to maturity, $500 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the 2026 Notes. Additionally, in September 2021, we redeemed, prior to maturity, the remaining $250 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the 2026 Notes. In connection with these redemptions, we incurred charges of $36 million, inclusive of a redemption premium and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs, which was recorded in (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net line on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Corporate Credit Facility
Our corporate credit facility (“Corporate Credit Facility”), which provides support for our business, including ongoing liquidity and letters of credit, includes a $900 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan”), which matures on August 31, 2025, and a revolving credit facility with a borrowing capacity of $600 million (the “Revolving Corporate Credit Facility”), including a letter of credit sub-facility of $75 million, that terminates on August 31, 2023.
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The Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.75%. Borrowings under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility generally bear interest at a floating rate plus an applicable margin that varies from 0.50% to 2.75% depending on the type of loan and our credit rating. In addition, we pay a commitment fee on the unused availability under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility at a rate that varies from 20 to 40 basis points per annum, also depending on our credit rating.
Any amounts borrowed under that facility, as well as obligations with respect to letters of credit issued pursuant to that facility, are secured by a perfected first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of the borrower under, and guarantors of, that facility (which include Marriott Vacations Worldwide and each of our direct and indirect, existing and future, domestic subsidiaries, excluding certain bankruptcy remote special purpose subsidiaries), in each case including inventory, subject to certain exceptions.
In 2020, we entered into a waiver (the “Waiver”) to the agreement that governs our Corporate Credit Facility, which, among other things, suspended the requirement to comply with the leverage covenant in the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020. The initial suspension period included in the Waiver was up to four quarters, however, in February 2021, we further amended the agreement governing our Corporate Credit Facility to extend the suspension period included in the Waiver through the end of 2021. The Waiver prohibited us from making certain restricted payments, including share repurchases and dividends. On September 9, 2021, we elected to terminate the Waiver.
Prior to 2020, we entered into $250 million of interest rate swaps under which we pay a fixed rate of 2.9625% and receive a floating interest rate through September 2023 and $200 million of interest rate swaps under which we pay a fixed rate of 2.2480% and receive a floating interest rate through April 2024, in each case to hedge a portion of our interest rate risk on the Term Loan. We also entered into a $100 million interest rate collar with a cap strike rate of 2.5000% and a floor strike rate of 1.8810% through April 2024 to further hedge our interest rate risk on the Term Loan. Both the interest rate swaps and the interest rate collar have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk and recorded in Other liabilities on our Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. We characterize payments we make in connection with these derivative instruments as interest expense and a reclassification of accumulated other comprehensive income for presentation purposes.
The following table reflects the activity in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to our derivative instruments during 2021, 2020 and 2019. There were no reclassifications to the Income Statement for any of the periods below.
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Derivative Instrument Adjustment, Beginning of Year | $ | (39) | $ | (21) | $ | (6) | |||||||||||
| Other comprehensive gain (loss) before reclassifications | 21 | (18) | (15) | ||||||||||||||
| Derivative Instrument Adjustment, End of Year | $ | (18) | $ | (39) | $ | (21) | |||||||||||
Convertible Notes
2022 Convertible Notes
During 2017, we issued $230 million of 2022 Convertible Notes that bear interest at a rate of 1.50%, payable in cash semi-annually. The 2022 Convertible Notes mature on September 15, 2022, unless repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms prior to that date. There are no financial or operating covenants related to the 2022 Convertible Notes.
The conversion rate is subject to adjustment for certain events as described in the indenture governing the notes, and was subject to adjustment as of December 31, 2021 to 6.8282 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2022 Convertible Notes (equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $146.45 per share of our common stock), as a result of the dividends that have been declared since issuance that were greater than the quarterly dividend when the 2022 Convertible Notes were issued. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. It is our intent to settle conversions of the 2022 Convertible Notes through combination settlement, which contemplates repayment in cash of the principal amount and repayment in shares of our common stock of any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount. As of December 31, 2021, the effective interest rate was 4.73% and the remaining discount amortization period was less than one year.
Holders may convert their 2022 Convertible Notes prior to June 15, 2022 only under certain circumstances. We may not redeem the 2022 Convertible Notes prior to their maturity date. If we undergo a fundamental change, as described in the indenture, subject to certain conditions, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2022 Convertible Notes, at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. If certain fundamental changes referred to in the indenture as make-whole fundamental changes occur, the conversion rate applicable to the 2022 Convertible Notes may increase.
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The following table shows the net carrying value of the 2022 Convertible Notes.
| ($ in millions) | At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | |||||||||
| Liability component | |||||||||||
| Principal amount | $ | 230 | $ | 230 | |||||||
| Unamortized debt discount | (5) | (13) | |||||||||
| Unamortized debt issuance costs | (1) | (2) | |||||||||
| Net carrying amount of the liability component | $ | 224 | $ | 215 | |||||||
| Carrying amount of equity component, net of issuance costs | $ | 33 | $ | 33 | |||||||
The following table shows interest expense information related to the 2022 Convertible Notes.
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Contractual interest expense | $ | 3 | $ | 3 | $ | 3 | |||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount | 8 | 7 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 12 | $ | 11 | $ | 11 | ||||||||||||
2022 Convertible Note Hedges and Warrants
In connection with the offering of the 2022 Convertible Notes, we concurrently entered into the following privately-negotiated separate transactions: convertible note hedge transactions with respect to our common stock (“2022 Convertible Note Hedges”), covering a total of approximately 1.5 million shares of our common stock, and warrant transactions (“2022 Warrants”), whereby we sold to the counterparties to the 2022 Convertible Note Hedges warrants to acquire approximately 1.5 million shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2021, the strike prices of the 2022 Convertible Note Hedges and the 2022 Warrants were subject to adjustment to approximately $148.55 and $177.12, respectively, and no 2022 Convertible Note Hedges or 2022 Warrants have been exercised.
2026 Convertible Notes
During 2021, we issued $575 million aggregate principal amount of 2026 Convertible Notes that bear interest at a rate of 0.00%. The 2026 Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture dated February 2, 2021 (the “Indenture”) among the Company, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. and the other guarantors party thereto (the “Guarantors”) and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (the “Trustee”). We received net proceeds from the offering of approximately $530 million after adjusting for debt issuance costs, including the discount to the initial purchasers, the cost of the 2026 Convertible Note Hedges, and proceeds from the 2026 Warrants (both as defined below).
The 2026 Convertible Notes do not bear regular interest and mature on January 15, 2026, unless earlier repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms prior to that date. On or after October 15, 2025, and prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the stated maturity date of the 2026 Convertible Notes, holders may convert their 2026 Convertible Notes at their option. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment for certain events as described in the Indenture, and was subject to adjustment as of December 31, 2021 to 5.8884 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Convertible Notes (equivalent to a conversion price of $169.83 per share of our common stock), as a result of the dividends that have been declared since issuance. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. It is our intent to settle conversions of the 2026 Convertible Notes through combination settlement, which contemplates repayment in cash of the principal amount and repayment in shares of our common stock of any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount.
Holders may convert their 2026 Convertible Notes prior to October 15, 2025 only under the following circumstances:
•during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2021 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;
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•during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or
•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events as described in the Indenture.
We may not redeem the 2026 Convertible Notes prior to their maturity date, and no sinking fund is provided for them. If we undergo a fundamental change, as described in the Indenture, subject to certain conditions, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2026 Convertible Notes. The repurchase price as a result of a fundamental change is equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid special interest, if any, to, but excluding, the repurchase date. If certain fundamental changes referred to in the Indenture as make-whole fundamental changes occur, the conversion rate applicable to the 2026 Convertible Notes may increase.
The 2026 Convertible Notes are unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by the Guarantors on a senior, unsecured basis. The 2026 Convertible Notes are our general senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future senior indebtedness, and senior in right of payment to all of our future subordinated debt. The 2026 Convertible Notes will be effectively subordinated to any of our existing and future secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt, including the guarantees of borrowings outstanding under the Corporate Credit Facility and our 2025 Notes. The 2026 Convertible Notes are structurally subordinated to any existing and future indebtedness and any other liabilities and obligations of any of our subsidiaries that are not guarantors of the 2026 Convertible Notes. The guarantees will be the Guarantors’ general senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of the Guarantors’ existing and future senior indebtedness, and senior in right of payment to all of the Guarantors’ future subordinated debt. The guarantees are effectively subordinated to any of the Guarantors’ existing and future secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt, including any borrowings outstanding under the Corporate Credit Facility and the 2025 Notes. The guarantees are structurally subordinated to any existing and future indebtedness and any other liabilities and obligations of any of our subsidiaries that are not guarantors of the 2026 Convertible Notes.
There are no financial or operating covenants related to the 2026 Convertible Notes. The Indenture contains customary events of default with respect to the 2026 Convertible Notes and provides that upon the occurrence and continuation of certain events of default, the Trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes then outstanding may declare all principal of and accrued and any unpaid interest on the 2026 Convertible Notes then outstanding to be immediately due and payable. In case of certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency involving the Company, all of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the 2026 Convertible Notes will automatically become immediately due and payable.
We separated the 2026 Convertible Notes into liability and equity components and allocated $449 million to the liability component and $126 million to the equity component. The resulting debt discount is amortized as interest expense. As of December 31, 2021, the effective interest rate was 0.00% and the remaining debt discount amortization period was 4 years. We had debt issuance costs, including initial purchasers’ discount to underwriters, of $15 million related to the 2026 Convertible Notes, which were allocated to the liability and equity components based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Convertible Notes, and issuance costs attributable to the equity component are included along with the equity component in shareholders’ equity.
The following table shows the net carrying value of the 2026 Convertible Notes.
| ($ in millions) | At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | |||||||||
| Liability component | |||||||||||
| Principal amount | $ | 575 | $ | — | |||||||
| Unamortized debt discount | (104) | — | |||||||||
| Unamortized debt issuance costs | (10) | — | |||||||||
| Net carrying amount of the liability component | $ | 461 | $ | — | |||||||
| Carrying amount of equity component, net of issuance costs | $ | 117 | $ | — | |||||||
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The following table shows interest expense information related to the 2026 Convertible Notes.
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount | $ | 22 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | 2 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 24 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||
2026 Convertible Note Hedges and Warrants
In connection with the offering of the 2026 Convertible Notes, we entered into privately-negotiated convertible note hedge transactions with respect to our common stock with certain counterparties (the “2026 Convertible Note Hedges”), covering a total of 3.4 million shares of our common stock at a cost of $100 million. The 2026 Convertible Note Hedges are subject to anti-dilution provisions substantially similar to those of the 2026 Convertible Notes, have a strike price that initially corresponded to the initial conversion price of the 2026 Convertible Notes, are exercisable by us upon any conversion under the 2026 Convertible Notes, and expire when the 2026 Convertible Notes mature. The cost of the 2026 Convertible Note Hedges is expected to be tax deductible as an original issue discount over the life of the 2026 Convertible Notes, as the 2026 Convertible Notes and the 2026 Convertible Note Hedges represent an integrated debt instrument for tax purposes. The cost of the 2026 Convertible Note Hedges was recorded as a reduction of Additional paid-in capital on our Balance Sheet.
Concurrently with the entry into the 2026 Convertible Note Hedges, we separately entered into privately-negotiated warrant transactions (the “2026 Warrants”), whereby we sold to the counterparties to the 2026 Convertible Note Hedges warrants to acquire, collectively, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 3.4 million shares of our common stock at an initial strike price of $213.76 per share. We received aggregate proceeds of $70 million from the sale of the 2026 warrants to the counterparties. The proceeds from the issuance of the 2026 Warrants were recorded as an increase to Additional paid-in capital on our Balance Sheet.
Taken together, the 2026 Convertible Note Hedges and the 2026 Warrants are generally expected to reduce the potential dilution to our common stock (or, in the event the conversion of the 2026 Convertible Notes is settled in cash, to reduce our cash payment obligation) in the event that at the time of conversion our stock price exceeds the conversion price under the 2026 Convertible Notes and to effectively increase the overall conversion price to the Company from $171.01 per share to $213.76 per share. The 2026 Warrants will expire in ratable portions on a series of expiration dates commencing on April 15, 2026.
The 2026 Convertible Notes, the 2026 Convertible Note Hedges, and the 2026 Warrants are transactions that are separate from each other. Holders of any such instrument have no rights with respect to the other instruments. As of December 31, 2021, the strike prices of the 2026 Convertible Note Hedges and the 2026 Warrants were subject to adjustment to approximately $169.83 and $212.28, respectively, and no 2026 Convertible Note Hedges or 2026 Warrants have been exercised.
Finance Leases
See Footnote 14 “Leases” for information on our finance leases.
Security and Guarantees
Amounts borrowed under the Corporate Credit Facility and the 2025 Notes, as well as obligations with respect to letters of credit issued pursuant to the Corporate Credit Facility, are secured by a perfected first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of the borrowers under, and guarantors of, that facility (which include MVWC and certain of our direct and indirect, existing and future, domestic subsidiaries, excluding certain bankruptcy remote special purpose subsidiaries), in each case including inventory, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, the Corporate Credit Facility, the 2026 Convertible Notes, the 2025 Notes, the 2028 Notes, and the 2029 Notes are guaranteed by MVWC and certain of our direct and indirect, existing and future, domestic subsidiaries, excluding bankruptcy remote special purpose subsidiaries.
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17. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Marriott Vacations Worldwide has 100,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, par value of $0.01 per share. At December 31, 2021, there were 75,519,049 shares of Marriott Vacations Worldwide common stock issued, of which 42,283,378 shares were outstanding and 33,235,671 shares were held as treasury stock. At December 31, 2020, there were 75,279,061 shares of Marriott Vacations Worldwide common stock issued, of which 41,094,248 shares were outstanding and 34,184,813 shares were held as treasury stock. Marriott Vacations Worldwide has 2,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.01 per share, none of which were issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
Share Repurchase Program
The following table summarizes share repurchase activity under our share repurchase programs:
| ($ in millions, except per share amounts) | Number of Shares Repurchased | Cost of Shares Repurchased | Average Price Paid per Share | |||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | 17,188,885 | $ | 1,340 | $ | 77.95 | |||||||||||||||
| For the year ended December 31, 2021 | 492,510 | 78 | $ | 157.77 | ||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | 17,681,395 | $ | 1,418 | $ | 80.17 | |||||||||||||||
During the third quarter of 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which we may purchase shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price not to exceed $250 million, prior to December 31, 2022. Share repurchases may be made through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block transactions, tender offers, or otherwise. The specific timing, amount and other terms of the repurchases will depend on market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors. Acquired shares of our common stock are held as treasury shares carried at cost in our Financial Statements. In connection with the repurchase program, we are authorized to adopt one of more plans pursuant to the provisions of Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
As of December 31, 2021, $172 million remained available for repurchase under the authorization approved by the Board of Directors. The authorization for the share repurchase program may be suspended, terminated, increased or decreased by our Board of Directors at any time without prior notice.
Subsequent to the end of 2021, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $300 million of our common stock, as well as the extension of the duration of our existing share repurchase program to March 31, 2023.
Dividends
We declared cash dividends to holders of common stock during the year ended December 31, 2021 as follows. Any future dividend payments will be subject to the restrictions imposed under the agreements covering our debt, and Board approval. There can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future.
| Declaration Date | Shareholder Record Date | Distribution Date | Dividend per Share | |||||||||||||||||
| September 10, 2021 | September 23, 2021 | October 7, 2021 | $0.54 | |||||||||||||||||
| December 9, 2021 | December 23, 2021 | January 6, 2022 | $0.54 | |||||||||||||||||
Subsequent to the end of 2021, on February 18, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.62 per share to be paid on March 17, 2022 to shareholders of record as of March 3, 2022.
Noncontrolling Interests
Owners’ Associations
We consolidate certain owners’ associations. Noncontrolling interests represent the portion of the owners’ associations related to third-party vacation ownership interest owners. Noncontrolling interests of $10 million and $31 million, as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, are included on our Balance Sheets as a component of equity.
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18. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
We maintain the MVW Equity Plan for the benefit of our officers, directors and employees. Under the MVW Equity Plan, we are authorized to award: (1) RSUs of our common stock, (2) SARs relating to our common stock, and (3) stock options to purchase our common stock. A total of 1.8 million shares are authorized for issuance pursuant to grants under the MVW Equity Plan. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 1.4 million shares were available for grants under the MVW Equity Plan.
The following table details our share-based compensation expense related to award grants to our officers, directors, and employees:
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Service-based RSUs | $ | 34 | $ | 22 | $ | 17 | |||||||||||
| Performance-based RSUs | 9 | 9 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
| ILG Acquisition Converted RSUs | — | 2 | 10 | ||||||||||||||
| 43 | 33 | 34 | |||||||||||||||
| SARs | 8 | 4 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 51 | $ | 37 | $ | 37 | ||||||||||||
The following table details our deferred compensation costs related to unvested awards:
| ($ in millions) | At Year-End 2021(1) | At Year-End 2020 | |||||||||
| Service-based RSUs | $ | 33 | $ | 27 | |||||||
| Performance-based RSUs | — | 6 | |||||||||
| 33 | 33 | ||||||||||
| SARs | 2 | 1 | |||||||||
| $ | 35 | $ | 34 | ||||||||
_________________________
(1)As of December 31, 2021, the weighted average remaining term for RSU grants outstanding at year-end 2021 was to two years and we expect that deferred compensation expense will be recognized over a weighted average period of to three years.
Restricted Stock Units
We have issued RSUs that vest over time, which we refer to as service-based RSUs, and RSUs that vest based on performance with respect to established criteria, which we refer to as performance-based RSUs.
The following table shows the changes in our outstanding RSUs and the associated weighted average grant-date fair values:
| 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service-based | Performance-based | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of RSUs | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per RSU | Number of RSUs | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per RSU | Number of RSUs | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per RSU | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at year-end 2020 | 783,489 | $ | 88.98 | 550,171 | $ | 99.56 | 1,333,660 | $ | 93.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 260,077 | $ | 161.42 | — | $ | — | 260,077 | $ | 161.42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributed | (264,735) | $ | 97.57 | (35,135) | $ | 138.68 | (299,870) | $ | 102.39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (13,751) | $ | 115.94 | (39,915) | $ | 133.95 | (53,666) | $ | 129.33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at year-end 2021 | 765,080 | $ | 110.14 | 475,121 | $ | 93.77 | 1,240,201 | $ | 103.87 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The weighted average grant-date fair value per RSU granted in 2020 and 2019 was $95.92 and $95.66, respectively. The fair value of the RSUs which vested in 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $46 million, $30 million, and $34 million, respectively, and included $3 million, $6 million, and $15 million, respectively, related to RSUs converted from ILG equity-based RSUs to MVW equity-based RSUs in the ILG Acquisition.
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Stock Appreciation Rights
The following table shows the changes in our outstanding SARs and the associated weighted average exercise prices:
| 2021 | ||||||||||||||
| Number of SARs | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per SAR | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding at year-end 2020 | 622,102 | $ | 84.58 | |||||||||||
| Granted | 127,857 | $ | 173.88 | |||||||||||
| Exercised | (122,031) | $ | 57.78 | |||||||||||
| Forfeited or expired | (1,053) | $ | 173.88 | |||||||||||
Outstanding at year-end 2021(1)(2) | 626,875 | $ | 107.86 | |||||||||||
_________________________
(1)As of December 31, 2021, outstanding SARs had a total intrinsic value of $39 million and a weighted average remaining term of 6 years.
(2)As of December 31, 2021, 356,698 SARs with a weighted average exercise price of $86.61, an aggregate intrinsic value of $29 million and a weighted average remaining contractual term of 5 years were exercisable.
The weighted average grant-date fair value per SAR granted in 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $70.66, $29.63, and $28.89, respectively. The intrinsic value of SARs which vested in 2021, 2020, and 2019, was $5 million, $4 million, and $4 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of SARs which were exercised in 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $14 million, $19 million, and $11 million, respectively.
We use the Black-Scholes model to estimate the fair value of the SARs granted. The expected stock price volatility was calculated based on the average of the historical and implied volatility of our stock price. The average expected life was calculated using the simplified method, as we have insufficient historical information to provide a basis for estimating average expected life. The risk-free interest rate was calculated based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life assumed at the date of grant. The dividend yield assumption listed below is based on the expectation of future payouts.
The following table outlines the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of grants in 2021, 2020, and 2019:
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | 48.35% | 38.81% | 31.10% | ||||||||||||||
| Dividend yield | 1.48% | 2.13% | 1.76% | ||||||||||||||
| Risk-free rate | 0.97% | 0.96% | 2.59% | ||||||||||||||
| Expected term (in years) | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 | ||||||||||||||
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
During 2015, the Board of Directors adopted, and our shareholders subsequently approved, the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which became effective during 2015. A total of 500,000 shares of common stock may be purchased under the ESPP. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of our common stock at a price per share not less than 95% of the fair market value per share of common stock on the purchase date, up to a maximum threshold established by the plan administrator for the offering period.
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19. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
Variable Interest Entities Related to Our Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations
We periodically securitize, without recourse, through bankruptcy remote special purpose entities, notes receivable originated in connection with the sale of vacation ownership products. These vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations provide funding for us and transfer the economic risks and substantially all the benefits of the consumer loans we originate to third parties. In a vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, various classes of debt securities issued by a special purpose entity are generally collateralized by a single tranche of transferred assets, which consist of vacation ownership notes receivable. With each vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, we may retain a portion of the securities, subordinated tranches, interest-only strips, subordinated interests in accrued interest and fees on the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable or, in some cases, overcollateralization and cash reserve accounts.
We created these bankruptcy remote special purpose entities to serve as a mechanism for holding assets and related liabilities, and the entities have no equity investment at risk, making them VIEs. We continue to service the vacation ownership notes receivable, transfer all proceeds collected to these special purpose entities, and retain rights to receive benefits that are potentially significant to the entities. Accordingly, we concluded that we are the entities’ primary beneficiary and, therefore, consolidate them. There is no noncontrolling interest balance related to these entities and the creditors of these entities do not have general recourse to us.
The following table shows consolidated assets, which are collateral for the obligations of these VIEs, and consolidated liabilities included on our Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021:
| ($ in millions) | Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations | Warehouse Credit Facility | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vacation ownership notes receivable, net of reserves | $ | 1,662 | $ | — | $ | 1,662 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest receivable | 12 | — | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | 139 | — | 139 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,813 | $ | — | $ | 1,813 | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest payable | $ | 2 | $ | — | $ | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Securitized debt | 1,877 | — | 1,877 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,879 | $ | — | $ | 1,879 | ||||||||||||||
The following table shows the interest income and expense recognized as a result of our involvement with these VIEs during 2021:
| ($ in millions) | Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations | Warehouse Credit Facility | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 217 | $ | 2 | $ | 219 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense to investors | $ | 43 | $ | 2 | $ | 45 | ||||||||||||||
| Debt issuance cost amortization | $ | 7 | $ | 1 | $ | 8 | ||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | $ | 3 | $ | — | $ | 3 | ||||||||||||||
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The following table shows cash flows between us and the vacation ownership notes receivable securitization VIEs:
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Cash Inflows | ||||||||||||||
| Net proceeds from vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations | $ | 841 | $ | 371 | ||||||||||
| Principal receipts | 585 | 487 | ||||||||||||
| Interest receipts | 228 | 218 | ||||||||||||
| Reserve release | 159 | 16 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 1,813 | 1,092 | ||||||||||||
| Cash Outflows | ||||||||||||||
| Principal to investors | (590) | (509) | ||||||||||||
| Voluntary repurchases of defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable | (99) | (95) | ||||||||||||
| Voluntary clean-up call | (72) | (18) | ||||||||||||
| Interest to investors | (43) | (49) | ||||||||||||
| Funding of restricted cash | (217) | (20) | ||||||||||||
| Total | (1,021) | (691) | ||||||||||||
| Net Cash Flows | $ | 792 | $ | 401 | ||||||||||
Under the terms of our vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, we have the right to substitute loans for, or repurchase, defaulted loans at our option, subject to certain limitations. We made voluntary repurchases of defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable, net of substitutions, of $99 million during 2021, $95 million during 2020 and $54 million during 2019. We also made voluntary repurchases of $200 million, $383 million and $356 million of other non-defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable during 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, to retire previous vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations. Our maximum exposure to potential loss relating to the special purpose entities that purchase, sell, and own these vacation ownership notes receivable is the overcollateralization amount (the difference between the loan collateral balance and the balance on the outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable), plus cash reserves and any residual interest in future cash flows from collateral.
The following table shows cash flows between us and the Warehouse Credit Facility VIE:
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Cash Inflows | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations | $ | 107 | $ | 315 | ||||||||||
| Principal receipts | 2 | 34 | ||||||||||||
| Interest receipts | 2 | 17 | ||||||||||||
| Reserve release | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 112 | 368 | ||||||||||||
| Cash Outflows | ||||||||||||||
| Principal to investors | — | (33) | ||||||||||||
| Voluntary repurchases of defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable | — | (3) | ||||||||||||
| Repayment of Warehouse Credit Facility | (107) | (300) | ||||||||||||
| Interest to investors | (2) | (4) | ||||||||||||
| Funding of restricted cash | (1) | (2) | ||||||||||||
| Total | (110) | (342) | ||||||||||||
| Net Cash Flows | $ | 2 | $ | 26 | ||||||||||
Other Variable Interest Entities
We have a commitment to purchase a property located in Waikiki, Hawaii, which we assigned to a third party during 2020. If we are unable to negotiate a capital efficient inventory arrangement, we are committed to purchase the property, in its then current form, for $104 million in 2022, unless it has been sold to another party. The property is held by a VIE for which we are not the primary beneficiary as we do not control the operations of the VIE. Accordingly, we have not consolidated the VIE. As of December 31, 2021, our Balance Sheet reflected $1 million in Accounts Receivable, including a note receivable of less than $1 million, related to this VIE. We believe that our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with this VIE is approximately $1 million as of December 31, 2021.
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20. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We define our reportable segments based on the way in which the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), currently our chief executive officer, manages the operations of the Company for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. We operate in two operating and reportable business segments:
•Vacation Ownership includes a diverse portfolio of resorts that includes some of the world’s most iconic brands licensed under exclusive, long-term relationships. We are the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, seller, and manager of vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club, Grand Residences by Marriott, Sheraton Vacation Club, Westin Vacation Club, and Hyatt Residence Club brands, as well as under Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, an extension to the Marriott Vacation Club brand. We are also the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, and seller of vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club brand, we have the non-exclusive right to develop, market, and sell whole ownership residential products under The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand and have a license to use the St. Regis brand for specified fractional ownership resorts. In addition, as part of the Welk Acquisition, we acquired the short-term license to use the Welk brand in connection with the continued operations of the Welk business. We intend to rebrand all Welk resorts as Hyatt-branded resorts once all necessary approvals have been obtained.
Our Vacation Ownership segment generates most of its revenues from four primary sources: selling vacation ownership products; managing vacation ownership resorts, clubs, and owners’ associations; financing consumer purchases of vacation ownership products; and renting vacation ownership inventory.
•Exchange & Third-Party Management includes exchange networks and membership programs, as well as provision of management services to other resorts and lodging properties. We provide these services through a variety of brands including Interval International, Trading Places International, Vacation Resorts International, and Aqua-Aston. Exchange & Third-Party Management revenue generally is fee-based and derived from membership, exchange and rental transactions, owners’ association management, and other related products and services.
Our CODM evaluates the performance of our segments based primarily on the results of the segment without allocating corporate expenses or income taxes. We do not allocate corporate interest expense or indirect general and administrative expenses to our segments. We include interest income specific to segment activities within the appropriate segment. We allocate depreciation, other gains and losses, equity in earnings or losses from our joint ventures, and noncontrolling interest to each of our segments as appropriate. Corporate and other represents that portion of our results that are not allocable to our segments, including those relating to consolidated owners’ associations, as our CODM does not use this information to make operating segment resource allocations. Prior year segment information has been reclassified to conform to the current reportable segment presentation.
Our CODM uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate the profitability of our operating segments, and the components of net income or loss attributable to common shareholders excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are not separately evaluated. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income or loss attributable to common shareholders, before interest expense (excluding consumer financing interest expense associated with term loan securitization transactions), income taxes, depreciation and amortization, excluding share-based compensation expense and adjusted for certain items that affect the comparability of our operating performance. Our reconciliation of the aggregate amount of Adjusted EBITDA for our reportable segments to consolidated net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders is presented below.
Revenues
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Vacation Ownership | $ | 3,539 | $ | 2,530 | $ | 3,761 | |||||||||||
| Exchange & Third-Party Management | 320 | 309 | 454 | ||||||||||||||
| Total segment revenues | 3,859 | 2,839 | 4,215 | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | 31 | 47 | 44 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 3,890 | $ | 2,886 | $ | 4,259 | ||||||||||||
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Adjusted EBITDA and Reconciliation to Net Income or Loss Attributable to Common Shareholders
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA Vacation Ownership | $ | 699 | $ | 229 | $ | 794 | |||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA Exchange & Third-Party Management | 144 | 119 | 183 | ||||||||||||||
| Reconciling items: | |||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | (186) | (113) | (219) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (164) | (150) | (132) | ||||||||||||||
| Tax (provision) benefit | (74) | 84 | (83) | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | (146) | (123) | (141) | ||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | (51) | (37) | (37) | ||||||||||||||
| Certain items | (173) | (284) | (227) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | 49 | $ | (275) | $ | 138 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and Amortization
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Vacation Ownership | $ | 89 | $ | 79 | $ | 68 | |||||||||||
| Exchange & Third-Party Management | 48 | 32 | 47 | ||||||||||||||
| Total segment depreciation | 137 | 111 | 115 | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | 9 | 12 | 26 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 146 | $ | 123 | $ | 141 | ||||||||||||
Assets
| ($ in millions) | At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | |||||||||
| Vacation Ownership | $ | 7,897 | $ | 6,859 | |||||||
| Exchange & Third-Party Management | 911 | 951 | |||||||||
| Total segment assets | 8,808 | 7,810 | |||||||||
| Corporate and other | 805 | 1,088 | |||||||||
| $ | 9,613 | $ | 8,898 | ||||||||
Capital Expenditures (including inventory)
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Vacation Ownership | $ | 296 | $ | 191 | $ | 266 | |||||||||||
| Exchange & Third-Party Management | 3 | 7 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| Total segment capital expenditures | 299 | 198 | 280 | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | (2) | 4 | 13 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 297 | $ | 202 | $ | 293 | ||||||||||||
Geographic Information
We conduct business globally, and our operations outside the United States represented approximately 10%, 10%, and 11% of our revenues, excluding cost reimbursements, for 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Revenues (excluding cost reimbursements)
| ($ in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 2,499 | $ | 1,664 | $ | 2,810 | |||||||||||
| All other countries | 263 | 180 | 341 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 2,762 | $ | 1,844 | $ | 3,151 | ||||||||||||
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Fixed Assets
| ($ in millions) | At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | |||||||||
| United States | $ | 988 | $ | 640 | |||||||
| All other countries | 148 | 151 | |||||||||
| $ | 1,136 | $ | 791 | ||||||||
| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | ||||
None.
| Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | ||||
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, we evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act), and management necessarily applied its judgment in assessing the costs and benefits of such controls and procedures, which by their nature, can provide only reasonable assurance about management’s control objectives. Our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. However, you should note that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and we cannot assure you that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. Based upon the foregoing evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of December 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and operating to provide reasonable assurance that we record, process, summarize and report the information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and to provide reasonable assurance that we accumulate and communicate such information to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions about required disclosure.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). We have set forth management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting and the independent registered public accounting firm’s report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, and we incorporate those reports by reference.
During the second quarter of 2021 we completed the Welk Acquisition, which was accounted for as a business combination. In accordance with SEC Staff guidance permitting a company to exclude an acquired business from management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting for the year in which the acquisition is completed, we have excluded the businesses that we acquired in the Welk Acquisition from our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. The businesses that we acquired in the Welk Acquisition represented 9% of our total assets as of December 31, 2021, and 4% of our revenues and 11% of our income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We made no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, other than changes to integrate the Welk business into our internal control over financial reporting.
| Item 9B. | Other Information | ||||
None.
| Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | ||||
Not applicable.
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PART III
As described below, we incorporate by reference in this Annual Report certain information appearing in the Proxy Statement that we will furnish to our shareholders for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”).
| Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | ||||
Our Proxy Statement will be filed with the SEC in connection with our 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Information regarding executive officers is included in Part I of this Form 10-K as permitted by General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K. Information required by Item 10 of Form 10-K relating to directors is incorporated by reference to the material captioned “Report on the Board of Directors and its Committees” in our Proxy Statement.
Code of Conduct
Our Board of Directors has adopted a code of conduct, our Business Conduct Guide, that applies to all of our directors, officers, and associates, including our Chief Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer, and Chief Accounting Officer. Our Business Conduct Guide is available in the Investor Relations section of our website (marriottvacationsworldwide.com) and is accessible by clicking on “Corporate Governance.” Any amendments to our Business Conduct Guide and any grant of a waiver from a provision of our Business Conduct Guide requiring disclosure under applicable SEC rules may be disclosed at the same location as the Business Conduct Guide in the Investor Relations section of our website located at marriottvacationsworldwide.com within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver or on a Current Report on Form 8-K.
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation | ||||
We incorporate this information by reference to the “Executive and Director Compensation” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” sections of our Proxy Statement.
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | ||||
We incorporate this information by reference to the “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” and “Stock Ownership” sections of our Proxy Statement.
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | ||||
We incorporate this information by reference to the “Transactions with Related Persons” and “Director Independence” sections of our Proxy Statement.
| Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | ||||
We incorporate this information by reference to the “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fee Disclosure” and “Pre-Approval of Independent Auditor Fees and Services Policy” sections of our Proxy Statement.
PART IV
| Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | ||||
The following are filed as part of this Annual Report:
(1) Financial Statements
We include this portion of Item 15 under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
We include the financial statement schedules required by the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC in the notes to our consolidated financial statements and incorporate that information in this Item 15 by reference.
(3) Exhibits
A shareholder who wants a copy of any of the following Exhibits may obtain one from us, without charge, upon written request. Written requests to obtain any exhibit should be sent to Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, 9002 San Marco Court, Orlando, Florida 32819, Attention: Corporate Secretary. All documents referenced below are being filed as a part of this Annual Report, unless otherwise noted.
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| Exhibit Number | Description | Filed Herewith | Incorporation By Reference From | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form | Exhibit | Date Filed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Separation and Distribution Agreement, entered into on November 17, 2011, among Marriott International, Inc., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Marriott Resorts Hospitality Corporation, MVCI Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. and MVCO Series LLC | 8-K | 2.1 | 11/22/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 30, 2018, by and among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, ILG, Inc., Ignite Holdco, Inc., Ignite Holdco Subsidiary, Inc., Volt Merger Sub LLC(1) | 8-K | 2.1 | 5/1/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Sommelier Acquisition Corp., Champagne Resorts, Inc., Welk Hospitality Group, Inc. and the Shareholder Representative, dated as of January 26, 2021 | 8-K | 2.1 | 1/26/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation | 8-K | 3.1 | 11/22/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restated Bylaws of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation | 8-K | 3.2 | 11/22/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of certificate representing shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation | 10 | 4.1 | 10/14/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indenture between Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, dated September 25, 2017 | 10-Q | 4.1 | 11/2/2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of 1.50% Convertible Senior Note due 2022 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.2 above) | 10-Q | 4.1 | 11/2/2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joinder Agreement to Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2018, by and among ILG, LLC, the guarantors party thereto and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated as the representative of the initial purchasers | 8-K | 4.8 | 9/5/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indenture, dated as of October 1, 2019, by and among Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, as guarantor, the other guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee | 8-K | 4.1 | 10/1/2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Indenture, dated December 31, 2019, by and among Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., MVW Vacations, LLC and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee | 10-K | 4.12 | 3/2/2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Second Supplemental Indenture, dated February 26, 2020, by and among Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., MVW Services Corporation, and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee | 10-K | 4.13 | 3/2/2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of 4.750% Senior Notes due 2028 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.5 above) | 8-K | 4.2 | 10/1/2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 1, 2019, by and among Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, as guarantor, the other guarantors party thereto and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC | 8-K | 4.3 | 10/1/2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2020, by and among Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, as guarantor, the other guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent | 8-K | 4.1 | 5/15/2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.10 above) | 8-K | 4.1 | 5/15/2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indenture, dated as of February 2, 2021, by and among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. and the other guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee | 8-K | 4.1 | 2/3/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of 0.00% Convertible Senior Note due 2026 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.12 above) | 8-K | 4.1 | 2/3/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Exhibit Number | Description | Filed Herewith | Incorporation By Reference From | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form | Exhibit | Date Filed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indenture, dated as of June 21, 2021, by and among Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, as guarantor, the other guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee | 8-K | 4.1 | 6/22/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of 4.500% Senior Notes due 2029 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.14 above | 8-K | 4.2 | 6/22/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description of Registered Securities | 10-K | 4.16 | 3/2/2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License, Services, and Development Agreement, entered into on November 17, 2011, among Marriott International, Inc., Marriott Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation and the other signatories thereto | 8-K | 10.1 | 11/22/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter Agreement, dated as of February 21, 2013, between Marriott International, Inc. and Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, supplementing the License, Services, and Development Agreement | 10-Q | 10.1 | 4/25/2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Letter Agreement, dated May 9, 2016, among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Worldwide Corporation and Marriott International, Inc. relating to the License, Services, and Development Agreement | 10-Q | 10.3 | 7/21/2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Amendment to License, Services, and Development Agreement, dated as of February 26, 2018, among Marriott International, Inc., Marriott Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation and the other signatories thereto | 10-K | 10.4 | 2/27/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amended and Restated Side Letter Agreement, dated as of February 26, 2018 by among Marriott International, Inc., Marriott Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Rewards, LLC, Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation and Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc.† | 10-K | 10.5 | 2/27/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2022, between Marriott International, Inc., Marriott Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, LLC, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Vistana Signature Experiences, Inc. and ILG, LLC | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License, Services, and Development Agreement, entered into on November 17, 2011, among The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation and the other signatories thereto | 8-K | 10.2 | 11/22/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Amendment to License, Services, and Development Agreement, dated as of February 26, 2018, among The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation and the other signatures thereto | 10-K | 10.7 | 2/27/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee Benefits and Other Employment Matters Allocation Agreement, entered into on November 17, 2011, between Marriott International, Inc. and Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation | 8-K | 10.3 | 11/22/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax Sharing and Indemnification Agreement, entered into on November 17, 2011, between Marriott International, Inc. and Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation | 8-K | 10.4 | 11/22/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment, dated August 2, 2012, between Marriott International, Inc. and Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, to the Tax Sharing and Indemnification Agreement | 10-Q | 10.1 | 10/18/2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marriott Rewards Affiliation Agreement, entered into on November 17, 2011, among Marriott International, Inc., Marriott Rewards, LLC, Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. and the other signatories thereto | 8-K | 10.5 | 11/22/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Amendment to Marriott Rewards Affiliation Agreement, dated as of February 26, 2018, among Marriott International, Inc., Marriott Rewards, LLC, Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation and Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. | 10-K | 10.12 | 2/27/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
135
| Exhibit Number | Description | Filed Herewith | Incorporation By Reference From | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form | Exhibit | Date Filed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marriott Bonvoy Affiliation Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2021, by and among Marriott International, Inc., Marriott Rewards, LLC, Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation and Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Termination of Noncompetition Agreement, dated as of February 26, 2018, between Marriott International, Inc. and Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation | 10-K | 10.14 | 2/27/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Amended and Restated Stock and Cash Incentive Plan* | 10-K | 10.14 | 2/23/2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement – Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Stock and Cash Incentive Plan* | 8-K | 10.1 | 12/9/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Stock Appreciation Right Agreement – Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Stock and Cash Incentive Plan* | 8-K | 10.2 | 12/9/2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement – Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Stock and Cash Incentive Plan* | 8-K | 10.1 | 3/16/2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Non-Employee Director Share Award Confirmation* | 10-K | 10.17 | 2/25/2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement* | 10-K | 10.16 | 3/21/2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Director Stock Unit Agreement* | 10-Q | 10.1 | 4/30/2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Change in Control Severance Plan* | 8-K | 10.2 | 3/16/2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Participation Agreement for Change in Control Severance Plan – Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Change in Control Severance Plan* | 8-K | 10.3 | 3/16/2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan* | 8-K | 10.3 | 6/13/2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Executive Long-Term Disability Plan* | 10-K | 10.21 | 2/26/2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan* | 8-K | 10.1 | 6/11/2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third Amended and Restated Indenture and Servicing Agreement, entered into September 15, 2014 and dated as of September 1, 2014, among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Owner Trust 2011-1, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | 8-K | 10.2 | 9/16/2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indenture Supplement, dated June 24, 2015, among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Owner Trust 2011-1, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, and the Conduits, Alternate Purchasers, Funding Agents and Non-Conduit Committed Purchasers signatory thereto | 10-Q | 10.2 | 7/23/2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Second Amended and Restated Sale Agreement, entered into September 15, 2014 and dated as of September 1, 2014, between MORI SPC Series Corp. and Marriott Vacations Worldwide Owner Trust 2011-1 | 8-K | 10.1 | 9/16/2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Omnibus Amendment No. 3, dated November 23, 2015, relating to, among other agreements, the Third Amended and Restated Indenture and the Second Amended and Restated Sale Agreement, by and among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Owner Trust 2011-1, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, MORI SPC Series Corp., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, the Purchasers signatory thereto, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, Wilmington Trust, National Association, and MVCO Series LLC | 8-K | 10.1 | 11/25/2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
136
| Exhibit Number | Description | Filed Herewith | Incorporation By Reference From | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form | Exhibit | Date Filed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Omnibus Amendment No. 4, dated May 20, 2016, relating to, among other agreements, the Third Amended and Restated Indenture and the Second Amended and Restated Sale Agreement, by and among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Owner Trust 2011-1, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, MORI SPC Series Corp., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, the Purchasers signatory thereto, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, Wilmington Trust, National Association, and MVCO Series LLC | 10-Q | 10.2 | 7/21/2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indenture Supplement, dated June 16, 2016, by and among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Owner Trust 2011-1, as issuer, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, and the Conduits, Alternate Purchasers, Funding Agents and Non-Conduit Committed Purchasers signatory thereto | 10-Q | 10.1 | 7/21/2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Omnibus Amendment No. 5, dated March 8, 2017, relating to, among other agreements, the Third Amended and Restated Indenture, by and among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Owner Trust 2011-1, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, MORI SPC Series Corp., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, the Purchasers signatory thereto, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, Wilmington Trust, National Association, and MVCO Series LLC | 8-K | 10.1 | 3/14/2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Omnibus Amendment No. 6, dated August 17, 2017, relating to, among other agreements, the Third Amended and Restated Indenture and the Second Amended and Restated Sale Agreement, by and among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Owner Trust 2011-1, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, MORI SPC Series Corp., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, the Purchasers signatory thereto, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, Wilmington Trust, National Association, and MVCO Series LLC | 8-K | 10.3 | 8/21/2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Call Option Transaction Confirmation | 10-Q | 10.1 | 11/2/2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Warrant Confirmation | 10-Q | 10.2 | 11/2/2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Amendment Agreement to Warrant Confirmation | 10-K | 10.54 | 3/1/2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2018, among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent | 8-K | 4.9 | 9/5/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of December 3, 2019, among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Interval Acquisition Corp., the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent | 10-K | 10.38 | 3/2/2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joinder Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2018, among Interval Acquisition Corp. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | 8-K | 4.10 | 9/5/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Omnibus Amendment No. 8, dated August 31, 2018, relating to, among other agreements, the Third Amended and Restated Indenture, by and among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Owner Trust 2011-1, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, MORI SPC Series Corp., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, the Purchasers signatory thereto, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, Wilmington Trust, National Association, and MVCO Series LLC. | 10-Q | 10.3 | 11/7/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors* | S-1(2) | 10.12 | 8/1/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interval Leisure Group, Inc. 2013 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended* | S-8(2) | 10.1 | 8/5/2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Terms and Conditions for Annual RSU Awards under the Interval Leisure Group, Inc. 2013 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan* | 10-Q(2) | 10.1 | 5/8/2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
137
| Exhibit Number | Description | Filed Herewith | Incorporation By Reference From | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form | Exhibit | Date Filed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Terms and Conditions for Adjusted EBITDA Performance RSU Awards under the Interval Leisure Group, Inc. 2013 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan* | 10-Q(2) | 10.2 | 5/8/2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Terms and Conditions for TSR-Based Performance RSU Awards under the Interval Leisure Group, Inc. 2013 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan* | 10-Q(2) | 10.3 | 5/8/2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee Matters Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2015 among Interval Leisure Group, Inc., Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and Vistana Signature Experiences, Inc., as amended | 8-K(2) | 10.6 | 5/12/2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License, Services and Development Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2016, among Interval Leisure Group, Inc., Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and Vistana Signature Experiences, Inc. | 8-K(2) | 10.1 | 5/12/2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2016, among Interval Leisure Group, Inc., Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and Vistana Signature Experiences, Inc. | 8-K(2) | 10.3 | 5/12/2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Starwood Preferred Guest Affiliation Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2016, among Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc., Preferred Guest, Inc. and Vistana Signature Experiences, Inc. | 8-K(2) | 10.5 | 5/12/2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Termination of Noncompetition Agreement, effective September 1, 2018, between Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, LLC (formerly Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc.) and Vistana Signatures Experiences, Inc. | 8-K | 10.2 | 9/20/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter of Agreement, effective September 1, 2018, among Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc., Vistana Signatures Experiences, Inc., ILG, LLC, Marriott International, Inc., Marriott Worldwide Corporation, Marriott Rewards, LLC and Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, LLC | 8-K | 10.1 | 9/20/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. 2 to the Interval Leisure Group, Inc. 2013 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, dated February 25, 2018* | 10-Q(2) | 10.2 | 5/4/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between ILG, Inc. and Jeanette E. Marbert, dated as of March 24, 2017* | 10-Q(2) | 10.2 | 5/5/2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment dated March 28, 2018 to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between ILG, Inc. and Jeanette E. Marbert* | 10-Q(2) | 10.1 | 5/4/2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation 2020 Equity Incentive Plan* | DEF 14A | Appendix A | 3/30/2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Call Option Transaction Confirmation | 8-K | 10.1 | 2/3/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form of Warrant Confirmation | 8-K | 10.2 | 2/3/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Significant Subsidiaries of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| List of the Issuer and its Guarantor Subsidiaries | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consent of Ernst & Young LLP | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24.1 | Powers of Attorney (included on the signature pages hereto) | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | Furnished | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | Furnished | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 | The following financial statements from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
138
| Exhibit Number | Description | Filed Herewith | Incorporation By Reference From | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form | Exhibit | Date Filed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. | ||||
| † | Portions of this exhibit were redacted pursuant to a confidential treatment request filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The redacted portions of this exhibit have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. | ||||
(1) | Schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplemental copies to the SEC of any omitted schedule upon request by the SEC. | ||||
(2) | Filing made by ILG, LLC under SEC File No. 001-34062. | ||||
| Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | ||||
None.
139
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION | |||||||||||
Date: March 1, 2022 | By: | /s/ Stephen P. Weisz | |||||||||
| Stephen P. Weisz | |||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW BY ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints jointly and severally, Stephen P. Weisz, Anthony E. Terry, and James H Hunter, IV, and each one of them, his or her attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report has been signed by the following persons on our behalf in the capacities and on the date indicated above.
Principal Executive Officer: | ||||||||
| /s/ Stephen P. Weisz | Chief Executive Officer and Director | |||||||
| Stephen P. Weisz | ||||||||
| Principal Financial Officer: | ||||||||
| /s/ Anthony E. Terry | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | |||||||
| Anthony E. Terry | ||||||||
| Principal Accounting Officer: | ||||||||
| /s/ Laurie A. Sullivan | Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer | |||||||
| Laurie A. Sullivan | ||||||||
Directors:
| /s/ William J. Shaw | /s/ Melquiades R. Martinez | |||||||
| William J. Shaw, Director, Chairman | Melquiades R. Martinez, Director | |||||||
| /s/ C.E. Andrews | /s/ William W. McCarten | |||||||
| C.E. Andrews, Director | William W. McCarten, Director | |||||||
| /s/ Lizanne Galbreath | /s/ Dianna F. Morgan | |||||||
| Lizanne Galbreath, Director | Dianna F. Morgan, Director | |||||||
| /s/ Raymond L. Gellein, Jr. | /s/ Stephen R. Quazzo | |||||||
| Raymond L. Gellein, Jr., Director | Stephen R. Quazzo, Director | |||||||
| /s/ Thomas J. Hutchison III | /s/ Jonice G. Tucker | |||||||
| Thomas J. Hutchison III, Director | Jonice G. Tucker, Director | |||||||
140
