1


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 8‑K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported): April 21, 2017
Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Cayman Islands
 
000-54627
 
27-5466079
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)
 
(Commission
File Number)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
 
 
 

150 NW Point Boulevard
Elk Grove Village, IL
(Address of principal executive offices)
60007
(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (847) 472-6700

Not applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8‑K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
o  Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
o Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a‑12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a‑12)
o Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d‑2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d‑2(b))
o Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e‑4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e‑4(c))

Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.





Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

On April 21, 2017, Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) as described below, with Sandler O’Neill & Partners, L.P., as representative of the several underwriters listed in Schedule I thereto (collectively, the “Underwriters”), in connection with the public offering (the “Offering”) of $25,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 (the “Notes”) by the Company at a price to the public of 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes. On April 26, 2017, the Company consummated the Offering, which was made pursuant to (i) the Company's shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-195495) (the “Registration Statement”), (ii) a preliminary prospectus supplement relating to the Offering, dated as of April 19, 2017, and (iii) a final prospectus supplement related to the Offering, dated as of April 21, 2017.

The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering, together with cash on hand, for the repayment of $19.4 million in outstanding indebtedness under its secured credit facility (which will then be terminated), repurchases of common stock, supporting organic growth, and potential acquisitions, as well as for general corporate purposes.

Underwriting Agreement

The Underwriting Agreement includes certain customary representations, warranties and covenants by the Company. It also provides that the Company will indemnify the Underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or contribute to payments the Underwriters may be required to make because of any such liabilities. The description of the Underwriting Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Underwriting Agreement filed herewith as Exhibit 1.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated by reference herein.

The terms of the Notes are governed by an indenture, dated as of April 26, 2017 (the “Base Indenture”), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by a First Supplemental Indenture thereto, dated as of April 26, 2017 (the “Supplemental Indenture”), between the Company and the Trustee.

The foregoing descriptions of the Base Indenture, the Supplemental Indenture and the Notes in this Current Report on Form 8-K do not purport to be complete, are qualified in their entirety by reference to Exhibits 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3, respectively, to this Current Report on Form 8-K and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

On April 21, 2017, the Company issued a press release relating to the pricing of the Notes and on April 26, 2017, the Company issued a press release relating to the closing of the Offering. The foregoing descriptions of such press releases are qualified in their entirety by reference to Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2, respectively, to this Current Report on Form 8-K and are incorporated by reference herein.






Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits

Exhibit Number
Description
1.1
Underwriting Agreement, dated April 21, 2017, by and between Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. and Sandler O'Neill & Partners, L.P.
4.1
Indenture, dated as of April 26, 2017, between Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee
4.2
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 26, 2017, between Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee
4.3
Form of Note representing $25,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022
5.1
Opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman
5.2
Opinion of DLA Piper LLP (US)
23.1
Consent of Conyers Dill & Pearman (included in Exhibit 5.1)
23.2
Consent of DLA Piper LLP (US) (included in Exhibit 5.2)
99.1
Press release related to pricing, dated April 21, 2017, issued by Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc.
99.2
Press release relating to closing, dated April 26, 2017, issued by Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc.













SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
 
Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc.


Date: April 27, 2017      By:      /s/ Paul Romano             
Name:      Paul Romano
Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer





Execution Version $25,000,000 Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 Underwriting Agreement April 21, 2017 Sandler O’Neill & Partners, L.P. as Representative of the several Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto, c/o Sandler O’Neill & Partners, L.P. 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 6th Floor, New York, New York 10022 Ladies and Gentlemen: Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc., a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Company”), proposes to issue and sell to the Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the “Underwriters”), for whom Sandler O’Neill & Partners, L.P. is acting as representative (the “Representative” or “you”), $25,000,000 principal amount of its 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 (the “Notes” and each a “Note”). The Notes will be issued pursuant to an Indenture and a supplemental indenture, each to be dated as of April 26, 2017 (together, the “Indenture”), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). 1. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each of the Underwriters that: (i) The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-195495), including each preliminary prospectus or prospectus included therein, which registration statement has been declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and the Indenture has been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “TIA”). Such registration statement covers the registration of the Notes under the Act. Promptly after execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company will prepare a final prospectus supplement and file the final prospectus supplement and the Base Prospectus (as hereinafter defined) in accordance with the provisions of Rule 430B (“Rule 430B”) of the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Act and paragraph (b) of Rule 424 (“Rule 424(b)”) of the rules and regulations under the Act. Any information included in such final prospectus supplement or the Base Prospectus that was omitted from such registration statement at the time it was declared effective but that is deemed to be part of and included in such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B is referred to as “Rule 430B Information.” Each prospectus, together with the related prospectus supplement, used in connection with the offering of the Notes that omitted the Rule 430B Information or that was captioned “Subject to Completion” (or a similar caption) is herein called, together with the documents incorporated and


 
2 deemed to be incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the Act, a “preliminary prospectus,” and all references herein to any “preliminary prospectus” shall be deemed to mean and include, without limitation, the Statutory Prospectus (as hereinafter defined) and each preliminary prospectus included in the registration statement referred to above. Such registration statement, at any given time, including the amendments thereto at such time, the exhibits and any schedules thereto at such time, the documents incorporated and deemed to be incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the Act at such time, and the documents and information (including, without limitation, any Rule 430B Information) otherwise deemed to be a part thereof or included therein by the rules and regulations under the Act at such time, is herein called the “Registration Statement.” The prospectus contained in the Company’s registration statement declared effective by the Commission on May 12, 2014 (the “Base Prospectus”) and the prospectus supplement dated April 21, 2017, relating to the offering of the Notes, in the form first furnished to the Underwriters by the Company for use in connection with the offering of the Notes (whether to meet the requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the rules and regulations under the Act or otherwise), including the documents incorporated and deemed to be incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S- 3 under the Act at such time, are hereinafter called, collectively, the “Prospectus.” For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Statutory Prospectus, the Prospectus, any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus (as hereinafter defined) or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system (“EDGAR”). In the event that the Company shall file a registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Act (a “Rule 462(b) Registration Statement”) in connection with the offering of the Notes, then, from and after the date of such filing, all references herein to the “Registration Statement” shall be deemed to mean and include such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, mutatis mutandis, unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires; (ii) The Registration Statement was declared effective by the Commission on May 12, 2014, and any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement will become effective upon filing thereof with the Commission. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued under the Act and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, are contemplated by the Commission, and any request on the part of the Commission for additional information with respect to the Registration Statement (or any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference pursuant to the 1934 Act (as hereinafter defined)) has been complied with; (iii) At the time the Registration Statement was declared effective, at each “new effective date” with respect to the Underwriters pursuant to Rule 430B(f)(2) of the rules and regulations under the Act, and at the Time of Delivery (as hereinafter defined), the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto complied, comply and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and the TIA, and did not, do not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.


 
3 At the time the Prospectus or any supplement thereto was issued and at the Time of Delivery, neither the Prospectus nor any supplement thereto included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company by such Underwriter directly or through the Representative and used therein, it being understood that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the “Underwriters’ Information” as defined in Section 9(a) hereof. Each preliminary prospectus (including, without limitation, the Statutory Prospectus) filed as part of the Registration Statement, or filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act, complied when so filed (or, in the case of any preliminary prospectus or part thereof that was not filed as part of the Registration Statement or pursuant to Rule 424(b), complied as of its date), and each Prospectus and any supplements thereto filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act complied when so filed (or, in the case of any Prospectus or supplement thereto that was not filed pursuant to Rule 424(b), complied as of its date), in all material respects with the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and each preliminary prospectus (including, without limitation, the Statutory Prospectus) and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offering of the Notes (whether to meet requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the rules and regulations of the Act or otherwise) was identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S- T; (iv) As of the Applicable Time, neither (i) any Issuer-Represented General Use Free Writing Prospectuses issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, the Final Term Sheet and the Statutory Prospectus, all considered together (collectively, the “General Disclosure Package”), nor (ii) any individual Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, included any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company by such Underwriter directly or through the Representative and used therein, it being understood that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the “Underwriters’ Information” as defined in Section 9(a) hereof. As used in this paragraph and elsewhere in this Agreement: “Applicable Time” means 1:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the date of this Agreement. “Final Term Sheet” means the final term sheet set forth on Schedule III hereto, reflecting the final terms of the Notes.


 
4 “Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Act (“Rule 433”), relating to the Notes (including, without limitation, any such issuer free writing prospectus that (i) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (ii) is a “road show that is a written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i), whether or not required to be filed with the Commission or (iii) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Notes or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms), in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g). “Issuer-Represented General Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer- Represented Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors, as evidenced by its being specified in Schedule II to this Agreement. “Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer- Represented Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer-Represented General Use Free Writing Prospectus. “Statutory Prospectus” means, at any time, the Base Prospectus and the preliminary prospectus supplement dated April 19, 2017, relating to the offering of the Notes, in the form first furnished to the Underwriters by the Company for use in connection with the offering of the Notes, including the documents incorporated and deemed to be incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the Act at such time; (v) Each Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the Notes or until any earlier date that the Company notified or notifies the Representative as described in Section 5(b), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by an Underwriter directly or through the Representative expressly for use therein; (vi) From the time of the initial filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the-Waters Communication) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Act (an “Emerging Growth Company”). The Company (A) has not engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communication and (B) has not authorized anyone other than the Representative to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company reconfirms that the Representative has been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed any Written Testing- the-Waters Communications.


 
5 “Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Act. “Written Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Act; (vii) The documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the General Disclosure Package, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and none of such documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the General Disclosure Package, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the 1934 Act and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference in any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus conformed, and any further documents so incorporated will conform, when filed with the Commission, in all material respects to the requirements of the 1934 Act or the Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Company filed the Registration Statement with the Commission before using any free writing prospectus and each free writing prospectus was preceded or accompanied by the most recent preliminary prospectus satisfying the requirements of Section 10 under the Act; (viii) The Company has full right, power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture and to perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder; (ix) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company, and constitutes a valid, legal, and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnity hereunder may be limited by federal or state securities laws and except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally, and subject to general principles of equity. The Company has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture and to authorize, issue and sell the Notes as contemplated by this Agreement; and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization, execution and delivery by it of this Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby has been duly and validly taken; (x) Each approval, consent, order, authorization, designation, declaration or filing by or with any regulatory, administrative or other governmental body necessary in connection with the execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated (except such additional steps as may be required by the Commission, the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq Stock Market”), the


 
6 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) or such additional steps as may be necessary to qualify the Notes for public offering by the Underwriters under state securities or Blue Sky laws) has been obtained or made and is in full force and effect; (xi) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus any material loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and, since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except as set forth or contemplated in the each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (A) there has not been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the general affairs, management, business prospects, financial condition, shareholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole (a “Material Adverse Effect”), (B) there have been no transactions entered into by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, other than those in the ordinary course of business, which are material with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and (C) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company on any class of its capital stock; (xii) No insurance agent appointed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries has ceased selling insurance policies on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries or has indicated an interest in decreasing or ceasing the amount of insurance it sells on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries or otherwise modifying its relationship with the Company or its subsidiaries, other than in the normal and ordinary course of business consistent with past practices; (xiii) All reinsurance treaties and similar arrangements (including placement slips) to which the Company or any subsidiary is a party are in full force and effect and neither the Company nor any subsidiary is in violation of, or in default in the performance, observance or fulfillment of, any material obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained therein; neither the Company nor any subsidiary has received any notice from any of the other parties to such treaties or arrangements that such other party intends not to perform such treaty or arrangement and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the other parties to such treaties or arrangements will be unable to perform such treaty or arrangement except to the extent adequately and properly reserved for in the audited historical financial statements of the Company included in or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; (xiv) Except as disclosed in each of the Registration Statement, General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries have made no material change in their insurance reserving practices since December 31, 2014; (xv) The reserves reflected on the statutory statements of each of American Country Insurance Company, American Service Insurance Company, Inc., Gateway


 
7 Insurance Company and Global Liberty Insurance Company (collectively, the “Insurance Subsidiaries”), as of the dates specified in such statements, (A) were computed in accordance with presently accepted actuarial standards consistently applied and are fairly stated, in accordance with sound actuarial principles; (B) were based on actuarial assumptions that produce reserves at least as great as those called for in any contract provision as to reserve basis and method, and are in accordance with all other contract provisions; (C) met the requirements of the applicable insurance laws, rules and regulations of the State of Illinois or the State of Missouri, as applicable, and are at least as great as the minimum aggregate amounts required by applicable law; and (D) included provision for all actuarial reserves and related statement items which should be established; (xvi) The statutory financial statements of the Insurance Subsidiaries are prepared for each relevant period in conformity with statutory accounting principles or practices required or permitted by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners and by the appropriate insurance department of the jurisdiction of domicile of each Insurance Subsidiary, respectively, and such statutory accounting practices have been applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except as may otherwise be indicated therein or in the notes thereto, and present fairly in all material respects the statutory financial position of each Insurance Subsidiary as of the dates thereof, and the statutory basis results of operations of each Insurance Subsidiary for the periods covered thereby; (xvii) The Company and each of its subsidiaries holds, and is operating in compliance in all material respects with, all franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, including insurance licenses, permits, easements, consents, certificates and orders of any governmental or self-regulatory body (including, without limitation, of the insurance regulatory agencies of the various jurisdictions where it conducts its business) required for the conduct of its business and all such franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, consents, certifications and orders are valid and in full force and effect in all material respects; the Company and each of its subsidiaries is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable federal, state, provincial, local and foreign laws, regulations, orders and decrees; there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or investigation that would reasonably be expected to result in the revocation, termination or suspension of any franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, consents, or certificates that would reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; and no insurance regulatory agency or body has issued, or commenced any proceeding for the issuance of, any order or decree impairing, restricting or prohibiting the payment of dividends by a subsidiary to the Company, other than those restrictions under statutory insurance laws and regulations governing the payment of dividends by the Company’s subsidiaries described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (xviii) The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by them, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them under valid,


 
8 subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries; and the Company and its subsidiaries have valid and marketable rights to lease or otherwise use all items of personal property material to the respective businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries, free and clear of all material liens, encumbrances, claims and defects; (xix) The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a financial services holding company in good standing under the laws of the Cayman Islands, with power and authority (corporate and other) to own its properties and conduct its business as described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and has been duly qualified as a foreign corporation for the transaction of business and is in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, except where the failure to so qualify or be in good standing does not have, and could not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect; (xx) Each subsidiary of the Company has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with power and authority (corporate and other) to own its properties and conduct its business as described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and has been duly qualified as a foreign corporation for the transaction of business and is in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, except where the failure to so qualify or be in good standing does not have, and could not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect; all of the issued shares of capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable and are owned, directly or through other subsidiaries of the Company, by the Company, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, claim or equity, except as described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; the Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Commission on March 13, 2017, as amended by the Company’s Form 10-K/A filed with the Commission on March 22, 2017; (xxi) The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the caption “Capitalization,” and all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and nonassessable, and have been issued in compliance with federal and state securities laws and conform to the description of the capital stock contained in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and no such shares were issued in violation of the preemptive or similar rights of any security holder of the Company; and no person has any preemptive or similar right to purchase any shares of capital stock or equity securities of the Company. The Company does not and, immediately prior to the delivery of the Notes pursuant to this Agreement, will not, have any debt securities or preferred stock that is rated by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” (as that term is defined by the Commission for purposes of Rule 436(g)(2) under the Act);


 
9 (xxii) The Notes have been duly authorized by the Company and, when duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered as provided in the Indenture and paid for in the manner set forth in this Agreement, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar laws relating to the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, and general equitable principles relating to the availability of remedies, will be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture and will conform to the description thereof contained in each of the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. (xxiii) The Indenture has been duly authorized by the Company and is duly qualified under the TIA and, when duly executed and delivered in accordance with its terms by each of the parties thereto, will constitute a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar laws relating to enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, and general equitable principles relating to the availability of remedies. (xxiv) Except as described in the General Disclosure Package, the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture, the issue and sale of the Notes by the Company, the compliance by the Company with all of the provisions of this Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture, and the consummation of the transactions herein and therein contemplated will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, note, lease or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject (collectively, the “Agreements and Instruments”), nor will any such action (A) result in any violation of the provisions of the articles of incorporation or charter (as applicable) or by-laws of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any law, statute or any order, rule or regulation of any federal, state, provincial, local or foreign court, arbitrator, regulatory authority or governmental agency or body (each, a “Governmental Entity”) having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their properties or (B) constitute a Repayment Event (as defined below) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or other encumbrance upon any assets or operations of the Company or any subsidiary pursuant to, any of the Agreements and Instruments; and no consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any such Governmental Entity is required for the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Notes or the Indenture, the issue and sale of the Notes or the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture, except the registration under the Act and the 1934 Act of the Notes, as may be required under the rules and regulations of FINRA and the Nasdaq Stock Market and such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may be required under state securities or Blue Sky laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Notes by the Underwriters. As used herein, a “Repayment Event” means any event or condition which gives the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holder’s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Company or any subsidiary;


 
10 (xxv) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is (A) in violation of its memorandum of association, articles of association or incorporation, as applicable, charter, by-laws or other organizational documents, or (B) except as described in the General Disclosure Package, in material default in the performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any of the Agreements and Instruments; (xxvi) The statements set forth in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the caption “Description of the Notes,” insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the Notes, and under the caption “Underwriting”, insofar as they purport to describe the provisions of the laws and documents referred to therein, are accurate and complete in all material respects; (xxvii) The financial statements included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, together with the supporting schedules, if any, and notes, present fairly the consolidated financial condition of the Company and its subsidiaries at the dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries for the periods specified. Such financial statements and supporting schedules, if any, have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved. The selected financial data and the summary financial information included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus present fairly the information shown therein and have been compiled on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The pro forma financial statements and the related notes thereto, if any, included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus present fairly the information shown therein, have been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines with respect to pro forma financial statements and have been properly compiled on the bases described therein, and the assumptions used in the preparation thereof are reasonable and the adjustments used therein are appropriate to give effect to the transactions and circumstances referred to therein. Except as set forth therein, no pro forma financial statements are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or GAAP; (xxviii) The Company and its subsidiaries maintain systems of “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the 1934 Act) that comply with the requirements of the 1934 Act and have been designed by, or under the supervision of, their respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, including, but not limited to, a system of accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with the management’s general or specific authorization, (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with the management’s general or specific authorization and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any


 
11 differences; except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no material weaknesses in the Company’s internal controls; the Company’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of: (i) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting; (xxix) The Company has established and maintains an effective system of “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the 1934 Act). Such disclosure controls and procedures (A) are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the Company’s chief executive officer and its chief financial officer by others within those entities to allow timely decisions regarding disclosures, (B) have been evaluated for effectiveness as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter and (C) are effective to perform the functions for which they were established. The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of (1) any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial data and (2) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Since the date of the most recent evaluation of such disclosure controls and procedures, there have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; (xxx) Except for restrictions on writing new insurance business in the state of Connecticut or as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is subject or is party to, or has received any notice or advice that any of them may become subject or party to any investigation with respect to, any corrective, suspension or cease-and-desist order, agreement, consent agreement, memorandum of understanding or other regulatory enforcement action, proceeding or order with or by, or is a party to any commitment letter or similar undertaking to, or is subject to any directive by, or has been a recipient of any supervisory letter from, or has adopted any board resolutions at the request of, any Regulatory Agency (as defined below) that currently relates to or restricts in any material respect the conduct of their business or that in any manner relates to their capital adequacy, credit policies or management (each, a “Regulatory Agreement”), nor has the Company or any of its subsidiaries been advised by any Regulatory Agency that it is considering issuing or requesting any such Regulatory Agreement. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries are each in substantial compliance with all Regulatory Agreements, and there is no unresolved violation, criticism or exception by any Regulatory Agency with respect to any report or statement relating to any examinations of the Company or any of its subsidiaries which, in the reasonable judgment of the Company, is expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. As used herein, the term “Regulatory Agency” means any


 
12 Governmental Entity having supervisory or regulatory authority with respect to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, including, but not limited to, any federal or state agency charged with the supervision or regulation of depositary institutions or holding companies of depositary institutions, or engaged in the insurance of depositary institution deposits; (xxxi) Except as disclosed in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries are conducting their respective businesses in compliance with all statutes, laws, rules, regulations, judgments, decisions, directives, orders and decrees of any Governmental Entity applicable to them, except where the failure to so comply would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect; (xxxii) Other than as set forth in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no legal or governmental actions, suits, investigations or proceedings before or by any Governmental Entity, now pending or, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, threatened or contemplated by Governmental Entities or threatened by others, to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or of which any property or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is the subject (A) that are required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement by the Act or by the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and not disclosed therein or (B) which, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and there are no contracts or documents of the Company or any of its subsidiaries that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or to be filed as exhibits thereto by the Act or by the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder which have not been so described and filed; (xxxiii)Each of the Company and its subsidiaries possess such permits, licenses, approvals, consents and other authorizations (collectively, “Governmental Licenses”) issued by the appropriate federal, state, provincial, local or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to conduct the business now operated by the Company or its subsidiaries; the Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms and conditions of all such Governmental Licenses, except where the failure so to comply would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; all of the Governmental Licenses are valid and in full force and effect, except where the invalidity of such Governmental Licenses or the failure of such Governmental Licenses to be in full force and effect would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such Governmental Licenses which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; (xxxiv)The Company and its subsidiaries (a) are, and at all times since December 31, 2012 were, in compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, provincial, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, requirements, decisions, judgments, decrees, orders and the common law relating to pollution or the protection of the environment, natural resources or human health or safety, including those relating to the generation, storage, treatment, use, handling, transportation, Release (as defined below) or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials


 
13 (as defined below) (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), (b) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations or approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses, (c) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any Environmental Laws, including for the investigation or remediation of any Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice, (d) are not conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation or other corrective action pursuant to any Environmental Law at any location, and (e) are not a party to any order, decree or agreement that imposes any obligation or liability under any Environmental Law, and there are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws of or relating to the Company or its subsidiaries, except for any such matter, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (a) there are no proceedings that are pending, or that are known to be contemplated, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any Environmental Laws in which a governmental entity is also a party, other than such proceedings regarding which it is reasonably believed no monetary sanctions of $100,000 or more will be imposed, (b) the Company and its subsidiaries are not aware of any facts or issues regarding compliance with Environmental Laws, or liabilities or other obligations under Environmental Laws, including the Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials, that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and (c) none of the Company and its subsidiaries anticipates material capital expenditures relating to any Environmental Laws; (xxxv) There has been no storage, generation, transportation, use, handling, treatment, Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials by, relating to or caused by the Company or any of its subsidiaries (or, to the knowledge of the Company and its subsidiaries, any other entity (including any predecessor) for whose acts or omissions the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or could reasonably be expected to be liable) at, on, under or from any property or facility now or previously owned, operated or leased by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or at, on, under or from any other property or facility, in violation of any Environmental Laws or in a manner or amount or to a location that could reasonably be expected to result in any liability to the Company under any Environmental Law, except for any violation or liability which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. “Hazardous Materials” means any material, chemical, substance, waste, pollutant, contaminant, compound, mixture, or constituent thereof, in any form or amount, including petroleum (including crude oil or any fraction thereof) and petroleum products, natural gas liquids, asbestos and asbestos containing materials, naturally occurring radioactive materials, brine, and drilling mud, regulated or which can give rise to liability under any Environmental Law. “Release” means any spilling, leaking, seepage, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, disposing, depositing, dispersing, or migrating in, into or through the environment, or in, into, from or through any building or structure; (xxxvi)The statistical and market related data contained in each of the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus and the Registration Statement are based on or derived from sources which the Company believes are reliable and accurate;


 
14 (xxxvii) Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company nor any person acting on their behalf has taken, nor will the Company or any affiliate or any person acting on their behalf take, directly or indirectly, any action which is designed to or which has constituted or which would be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Notes; (xxxviii) The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Notes, and after receipt of payment for the Notes and the application of such proceeds as described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, will not be an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company”, as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder; (xxxix)Neither the Company nor any of its affiliates does business with the government of Cuba or with any person or affiliate located in Cuba within the meaning of Section 517.075, Florida Statutes; (xl) BDO USA, LLP, who has certified the financial statements and supporting schedules of the Company and its subsidiaries, included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Act and the 1934 Act, the rules and regulations of the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board thereunder, and such accountants are not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 with respect to the Company; (xli) No labor problem or dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the Company’s knowledge, is threatened or imminent, and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of its or its subsidiaries’ principal suppliers, contractors or customers, that could have a Material Adverse Effect, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, except as set forth in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (xlii) The Company and each of its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the business in which they are engaged; all policies of insurance insuring the Company or any of its subsidiaries are in full force and effect; the Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of such policies and instruments in all material respects; and there are no claims by the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any such policy or instrument as to which any insurance company is denying liability or defending under a reservation of rights clause; neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; neither the Company not any of its subsidiaries has received notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary to be made to continue such insurance; and neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have a


 
15 Material Adverse Effect, except as set forth or contemplated in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (xliii) The Company has filed all material foreign, federal, state and local tax returns that are required to be filed or is eligible for, and has requested, extensions thereof, except as set forth or contemplated in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and has paid all material taxes required to be paid by it and any other assessment, fine or penalty levied against it, to the extent that any of the foregoing is due and payable, except for any such assessment, fine or penalty that is currently being contested in good faith or except as set forth or contemplated in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (xliv) No subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such subsidiary’s capital stock, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such subsidiary’s property or assets to the Company or any other subsidiary of the Company, except as set forth or contemplated in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (xlv) Each “employee benefit plan” (as defined under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (collectively, “ERISA”)) established or maintained by the Company, any of its subsidiaries or their “ERISA Affiliates” (as defined below) has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including with ERISA and the Code (defined below); “ERISA Affiliate” means, with respect to the Company or any subsidiary, any member of any group of organizations described in Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the “Code”) of which the Company or such subsidiary is a member; no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any “employee benefit plan” excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption that could reasonably be expected to result in a material liability to the Company or its subsidiaries; no “reportable event” (as defined under ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with respect to any “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company, any of its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates; no “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company, any of its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates, if such “employee benefit plan” were terminated, would have any “amount of unfunded benefit liabilities” (as defined under ERISA); none of the Company, its subsidiaries nor any of their ERISA Affiliates has incurred or reasonably expects to incur any liability under (A) Title IV of ERISA with respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any “employee benefit plan” or (B) Sections 412, 4971, 4975 or 4980B of the Code; each “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company, any of its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and nothing has occurred, whether by action or failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification; there is no pending audit or investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, the Department of Labor, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation or any other governmental agency or any foreign regulatory agency with respect to any “employee benefit plan” that could reasonably be expected to result in material liability to the Company or its subsidiaries; none of the following


 
16 events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur: (x) a material increase in the aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all “employee benefit plans” by the Company or its subsidiaries in the current fiscal year of the Company and its subsidiaries compared to the amount of such contributions made in the Company and its subsidiaries’ most recently completed fiscal year; or (y) a material increase in the Company and its subsidiaries’ “accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations” (within the meaning of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 106) compared to the amount of such obligations in the Company and its subsidiaries’ most recently completed fiscal year; (xlvi) The Company and its subsidiaries own, or have valid, binding enforceable and sufficient licenses or other rights to use, the patents and patent applications, copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade names, technology, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary rights) and other intellectual property necessary or used in any material respect to conduct their business in the manner in which it is being conducted and in the manner in which it is contemplated as set forth in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or otherwise necessary or used in connection with the commercialization of the existing products of the Company and its subsidiaries and the products described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus as being under development (collectively, the “Company Intellectual Property”); except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company Intellectual Property is valid, subsisting and enforceable; the Company and its subsidiaries, and to the Company’s knowledge, their licensors, have complied with the duty of candor and disclosure of the Patent and Trademark Office and any similar foreign intellectual property office (collectively, the “Patent Offices”); to the Company’s knowledge, neither the Company nor its subsidiaries have infringed or otherwise violated any intellectual property rights of any third person or have breached any contract in connection with which any Company Intellectual Property is provided to the Company and its subsidiaries; neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is obligated to pay a royalty, grant a license, or provide other consideration to any third party in connection with the Company Intellectual Property other than as disclosed in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; no person has asserted or threatened to assert any claim against, or notified, the Company (or any of its subsidiaries) that (A) the Company or any of its subsidiaries has infringed or otherwise violated any intellectual property rights of any third person, (B) the Company or any of its subsidiaries is in breach or default of any contract under which any Company Intellectual Property is provided, (C) such person will terminate a contract described in clause (B) or adversely alter the scope of the rights provided thereunder or (D) otherwise concerns the ownership, enforceability, validity, scope, registrability, interference, use or the right to use, any Company Intellectual Property (other than a Patent Office review of pending applications in the ordinary course) in each such case as would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; to the knowledge of the Company no third party is infringing or otherwise violating any of the Company Intellectual Property owned by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (xlvii) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has (A) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; (B) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic


 
17 government official or employee; (C) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977; or (D) made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment; (xlviii) To the knowledge of the Company, no director, officer, agent, employee or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries made any payment of funds to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or received or retained funds in violation of any law, rule or regulation, which payment, receipt or retention of funds is of a character required to be disclosed in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, that is not described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus as required; (xlix) The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened; (l) No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, shareholders, customers or suppliers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the other, that is required by the Act to be described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and that is not so described; (li) Except as described in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no material off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations), or any other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, that may have a material current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenues or expenses; (lii) The Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, each of the Company’s directors and officers, in their capacities as such, is in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder applicable to it; and the Company is in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market; (liii) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or the Underwriters for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Notes;


 
18 (liv) The information contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus regarding the Company’s expectations, plans and intentions, and any other information that constitutes “forward-looking” information within the meaning of the Act and the 1934 Act were made by the Company on a reasonable basis and reflect the Company’s good faith belief or estimate of the matters described therein; (lv) Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company and delivered to the Representative or counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the offering of the Notes contemplated hereby shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to each Underwriter and shall be deemed to be a part of this Section 1 and incorporated herein by this reference; (lvi) There are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees of indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company or any of their respective family members, except as disclosed in the Prospectus and the General Disclosure Package; the Company has not directly or indirectly extended or maintained credit, arranged for the extension of credit, or renewed an extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan to or for any director or executive officer of the Company; (lvii) Neither the Company nor any of its affiliates has, prior to the date hereof, made any offer or sale of any securities which could be “integrated” for purposes of the Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with the offer and sale of the Notes pursuant to the Registration Statement; and except as disclosed in the Prospectus and the General Disclosure Package, neither the Company nor any of its affiliates has sold or issued any security during the six-month period preceding the date of the Prospectus, including but not limited to any sales pursuant to Rule 144A or Regulations D or S under the Act, other than Ordinary Shares issued pursuant to employee benefit plans, qualified stock option plans or the employee compensation plans or pursuant to outstanding options, rights or warrants as described in the Prospectus and the General Disclosure Package; (lviii) The Company has, or will have by the Time of Delivery, applied for listing of the Notes on the NASDAQ Global Market (“NASDAQ”); (lix) None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently subject to any sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”); and the Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering of the Notes hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any sanctions administered by OFAC; (lx) At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post- effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Act) of the


 
19 Notes and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer” as defined in Rule 405 under the Act; (lxi) With respect to the stock options (the “Stock Options”) granted pursuant to the stock-based compensation plans of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company Stock Plans”), (i) each Stock Option intended to qualify as an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Code so qualifies, (ii) each grant of a Stock Option was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Stock Option was by its terms to be effective (the “Grant Date”) by all necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the Board of Directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required shareholder approval by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award agreement governing such grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto, (iii) each such grant was made in accordance with the terms of the Company Stock Plans, the 1934 Act and all other applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, including the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market and any other exchange on which Company securities are traded, and (iv) each such grant was properly accounted for in accordance with GAAP in the financial statements (including the related notes) of the Company and, if required, disclosed in the Company's filings with the Commission in accordance with the 1934 Act and all other applicable laws. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no policy or practice of the Company of granting, Stock Options prior to, or otherwise coordinating the grant of Stock Options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its subsidiaries or their results of operations or prospects; and (lxii) The Trustee will, at the Time of Delivery, be the duly appointed trustee with respect to the Notes. 2. Subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell to each of the Underwriters, and each of the Underwriters agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company, the respective principal amount of the Notes set forth opposite such Underwriter’s name on Schedule I hereto at a purchase price equal to 96.85% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest, if any, from April 21, 2017 to the Time of Delivery. It is understood that each Underwriter has authorized the Representative, for such Underwriter’s account, to accept delivery of, receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Notes which such Underwriter has agreed to purchase. Sandler O’Neill & Partners, L.P., individually and not as representative of the Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment of the purchase price for the Notes to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds have not been received by the Representative by the relevant Time of Delivery but such payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from its obligations hereunder. 3. Upon the authorization by you of the release of the Notes, the several Underwriters propose to offer the Notes for sale upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus.


 
20 4. (a) Payment for the Notes shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account(s) specified by the Company to the Representative against delivery to the nominee of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), for the account of each Underwriter, of one or more global notes representing the Notes (collectively, the “Global Notes”), with any transfer or other taxes payable in connection with the sale of the Notes duly paid by the Company. The Company will cause the Global Notes to be made available for checking at least twenty-four hours prior to the Time of Delivery with respect thereto. The time and date of such delivery and payment shall be 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time, on April 26, 2017 or such other time and date as the Representative and the Company may agree upon in writing. Such time and date for delivery of the Notes is herein called the “Time of Delivery.” (b) The documents to be delivered at the Time of Delivery by or on behalf of the parties hereto pursuant to Section 8 hereof, including the cross receipt for the Notes and any additional documents requested by the Underwriters pursuant hereto, will be delivered at the offices of Mayer Brown LLP (the “Closing Location”). A meeting will be held at the Closing Location at 3:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the Business Day next preceding such Time of Delivery, at which meeting the final drafts of the documents to be delivered pursuant to the preceding sentence will be available for review by the parties hereto. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day” shall mean each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in New York and Toronto are generally authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close. 5. The Company agrees with each of the Underwriters: (a) To prepare the Prospectus in a form approved by you and to file the Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act not later than the Commission’s close of business on the second Business Day following the execution and delivery of this Agreement, or, if applicable, such earlier time as may be required by Rule 430A(a)(3) under the Act; to make no further amendment or any supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which shall be disapproved by you promptly after reasonable notice thereof; to advise you, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective or any supplement to the Prospectus or any amended Prospectus has been filed and to furnish you with copies thereof; to advise you, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus, Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus or Prospectus, of the suspension of the qualification of the Notes for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus or Prospectus or for additional information; and, in the event of the issuance of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus, Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus or Prospectus or suspending any such qualification, promptly to use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal of such order; (b) If at any time following issuance of an Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer- Represented Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained


 
21 in the Registration Statement or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company has notified or will notify promptly the Representative so that any use of such Issuer- Represented Free Writing Prospectus may cease until it is amended or supplemented and the Company has promptly amended or will promptly amend or supplement such Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission; provided, however, that this covenant shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by an Underwriter directly or through the Representative expressly for use therein; (c) The Company represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Representative, and each Underwriter represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of each of the Company and the Representative, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Notes that would constitute an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Act, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Act, required to be filed with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Company and the Representative is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents that it has treated or agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. (d) Promptly from time to time to take such action as you may reasonably request to qualify the Notes for offering and sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as you may request and to comply with such laws so as to permit the continuance of sales and dealings therein in such jurisdictions for as long as may be necessary to complete the distribution of the Notes, provided that in connection therewith the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction; (e) Prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the Business Day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and from time to time, to furnish the Underwriters, without charge, copies of the Prospectus in New York City in such quantities as you may from time to time reasonably request, and, if the delivery of a prospectus is required at any time prior to the expiration of the period when a prospectus relating to the Notes is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the Act and if at such time any event shall have occurred as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made when such Prospectus is delivered, not misleading, or, if for any other reason it shall be necessary during such period to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to comply with the Act, to notify you and upon your request to prepare and furnish without charge to each Underwriter and to any dealer in securities as many copies as you may from time to time reasonably request of an amended Prospectus or a supplement to the Prospectus which will correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance, and in case any Underwriter is


 
22 required to deliver a prospectus in connection with sales of any of the Notes at any time nine months or more after the time of issue of the Prospectus, upon your request but at the expense of such Underwriter, to prepare and deliver to such Underwriter as many copies as you may request of an amended or supplemented Prospectus complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Act; (f) To make generally available to its securityholders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than eighteen months after the effective date of the Registration Statement (as defined in Rule 158(c) under the Act), an earning statement of the Company and its subsidiaries (which need not be audited) complying with Section 11(a) of the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder (including, at the option of the Company, Rule 158); (g) During the period beginning from the date hereof and continuing to and including the Business Day following the Time of Delivery, the Company will not, and will not permit any subsidiary to, without the prior written consent of the Representative, offer, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of any debt securities or nonconvertible preferred stock issued or guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (h) To file with the Commission, within the time limits required under the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder (or that would be required, in the event the Company is not required to make such filings), after the end of each fiscal year, an annual report (including a balance sheet and statements of income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries certified by an independent registered public accounting firm) and, as soon as practicable after the end of each of the first three quarters of each fiscal year (beginning with the fiscal quarter ending after the effective date of the Registration Statement), to make available to its shareholders consolidated summary financial information of the Company and its subsidiaries for such quarter in reasonable detail; (i) During a period of three years from the effective date of the Registration Statement, to furnish to you copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to shareholders, and to deliver to you (i) as soon as they are available, copies of any reports and financial statements furnished to or filed with the Commission, or any national or international securities exchange on which any class of securities of the Company is listed; and (ii) such additional information concerning the business and financial condition of the Company as you may from time to time reasonably request (such financial statements to be on a consolidated basis to the extent the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries are consolidated in reports furnished to its shareholders generally or to the Commission); (j) To use the net proceeds received by it from the sale of the Notes pursuant to this Agreement in the manner specified in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the caption “Use of Proceeds”; (k) If the Company elects to rely on Rule 462(b), the Company shall file a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement with the Commission in compliance with Rule 462(b) by 10:00 p.m., Washington, D.C. time, on the date of this Agreement, and the Company shall at the time of filing either pay to the Commission the filing fee for the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or give irrevocable instructions for the payment of such fee pursuant to Rule 111 under the Act;


 
23 (l) To use its best efforts to effect and maintain the listing of the Notes on NASDAQ; (m) To comply with the letter of representation of the Company, and any riders thereto, to DTC relating to the approval of the Notes by DTC for “book-entry” transfer; (n) To comply, and to use its best efforts to cause the Company’s directors and officers, in their capacities as such, to comply, in all material respects, with all effective applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations thereunder; and (o) The Company will promptly notify the Representative if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to completion of the distribution of the Notes within the meaning of the Act. 6. The Company covenants and agrees with the several Underwriters that the Company will pay or cause to be paid the following: (i) the reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Underwriters in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby (regardless of whether the sale of the Notes is consummated), including, without limitation, disbursements, fees and expenses of the Underwriters’ counsel and marketing, syndication and travel expenses not to exceed $125,000 in the aggregate without the Company’s consent; (ii) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and accountants in connection with the registration of the Notes under the Act and all other expenses in connection with the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and amendments and supplements thereto and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriters and dealers; (iii) the cost of printing or producing any agreement among Underwriters, this Agreement, closing documents (including any compilations thereof) and any other documents in connection with the offering, purchase, sale and delivery of the Notes; (iv) all fees and expenses in connection with listing the Notes on NASDAQ; (v) the filing fees incident to, and the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with, securing any required review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Notes in an amount not to exceed $10,000; (vi) the cost and charges of the Trustee (including its counsel); and (vii) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of the Company’s obligations hereunder which are not otherwise specifically provided for in this Section 6. 7. The Company covenants and agrees with the several Underwriters that the Company will pay or cause to be paid the following: (i) any stamp and other duties and stock and other transfer taxes, if any, payable upon the sale of the Notes to the Underwriters and their transfer between the Underwriters pursuant to an agreement between such Underwriters, and (ii) the fees and disbursements of their counsel and other advisors in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. 8. The obligations of the Underwriters hereunder, as to the Notes to be delivered at the Time of Delivery, shall be subject, in their discretion, to the condition that all representations and warranties and other statements of the Company herein are, at and as of such Time of


 
24 Delivery, true and correct, the condition that the Company shall have performed all of its obligations hereunder theretofore to be performed, and the following additional conditions: (a) The Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by the rules and regulations under the Act and in accordance with Section 5(a) hereof (or a post-effective amendment shall have been filed and declared effective in accordance with the requirements of Rule 430A); the Final Term Sheet and any other material required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act shall have been filed with the Commission within the applicable time periods prescribed in such filings by Rule 433; if the Company has elected to rely upon Rule 462(b), the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall have become effective by 10:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the date of this Agreement; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; all requests for additional information on the part of the Commission shall have been complied with to your reasonable satisfaction; and FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements; (b) The Representative shall have received satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company and its subsidiaries in their respective jurisdictions of organization and their good standing as foreign entities in such other jurisdictions as the Representative may reasonably request, in each case in writing or any standard form of telecommunication from the appropriate governmental authorities of such jurisdictions; (c) Mayer Brown LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, shall have furnished to you their written opinion, dated such Time of Delivery, with respect to such matters as the Representative may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such papers and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters; (d) Conyers Dill & Pearman, Cayman counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to you their written opinion, dated such Time of Delivery, in form and substance satisfactory to you, to the effect set forth in Annex I-A hereto and to such further effect as the Representative may reasonably request; (e) DLA Piper LLP (US), United States special securities counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to you their written opinion, dated such Time of Delivery, in form and substance satisfactory to you, to the effect set forth in Annex I-B hereto and to such further effect as the Representative may reasonably request; (f) On the date of the Prospectus, at a time prior to the execution of this Agreement, at 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time, on the effective date of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement filed subsequent to the date of this Agreement and also at the Time of Delivery, BDO USA, LLP shall have furnished to you a letter or letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof, in form and substance satisfactory to you; (g) (i) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall have sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in each of the General


 
25 Disclosure Package and the Prospectus any loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Prospectus, and (ii) since the respective dates as of which information is given in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there shall not have been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in or affecting the general affairs, management, financial condition, shareholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the effect of which, in any such case described in Clause (i) or (ii) above, is in the judgment of the Representative so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the Notes being delivered at such Time of Delivery on the terms and in the manner contemplated in each of the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (h) As of the date hereof, A.M. Best Company has assigned a financial strength rating of American Country Insurance Company, American Service Insurance Company, Inc. and Gateway Insurance Company as “B” with an outlook of “Stable” and a financial strength rating of Global Liberty Insurance Company as “B+” with an outlook of “Negative.” On or after the date hereof (i) no downgrading or other negative development shall have occurred in the rating accorded the Company’s or any of the Insurance Subsidiaries’ financial strength by A.M. Best Company or any other “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as that term is defined by the Commission for purposes of Rule 436(g)(2) under the Act (whether or not such negative development has been publicly announced by A.M. Best Company), and (ii) except as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no such organization shall have publicly announced that it has under surveillance or review, with possible negative implications, its rating of any of the Company’s or any of its Insurance Subsidiaries’ financial strength; (i) On or after the date hereof there shall not have occurred any of the following: (i) a suspension or material limitation in trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange or on the Nasdaq Stock Market; (ii) a suspension or material limitation in trading in the Company’s securities on the NASDAQ; (iii) a general moratorium on commercial banking activities declared by either Federal or New York State authorities; or (iv) the outbreak or escalation of hostilities involving the United States or the declaration by the United States of a national emergency or war or a material adverse change in general economic, political or financial conditions, including without limitation as a result of terrorist activities after the date hereof, or any other calamity or crisis, if the effect of any such event specified in this clause (iv) in the judgment of the Representative makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the Notes being delivered at such Time of Delivery on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus; (j) The Company shall have complied with the provisions of Section 5(e) hereof with respect to the furnishing of prospectuses on the Business Day next succeeding the date of this Agreement;


 
26 (k) The Company shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to you at such Time of Delivery certificates of officers of the Company satisfactory to you certifying that the representations and warranties of the Company herein at and as of such Time of Delivery are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made at the Time of Delivery, that the Company has performed all of its obligations hereunder to be performed at or prior to such Time of Delivery, that each of the conditions set forth in subsections (a), (h) and (j) of this Section has been satisfied, that none of the events or circumstances contemplated by subsection (g) of this Section have occurred, and as to such other matters as you may reasonably request; (l) At the Time of Delivery, the Global Notes shall be eligible for clearance, settlement and trading in book-entry form through the facilities of DTC; (m) On the date of the Prospectus, at a time prior to the execution of this Agreement, at 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time, on the effective date of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement filed subsequent to the date of this Agreement and also at the Time of Delivery, the Company shall have furnished to you a certificate executed by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to you, certifying to the representations set forth therein with respect to the circled financial information and data attached to such certificate; and (n) All proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Notes as herein contemplated shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Representative. 9. (a) (i) The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which they or any of them may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in (A) any preliminary prospectus, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any individual Issuer- Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or (B) any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Notes, including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically), or, in each of cases (A) and (B), arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse each such indemnified party for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in any preliminary prospectus, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any individual Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus or in any written materials provided to investors by the Underwriters in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Notes, including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors


 
27 (whether in person or electronically), when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, or any such amendment or supplement, in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter directly or through the Representative and used therein (provided that the Company and the Underwriters hereby acknowledge and agree that the only information that the Underwriters have furnished to the Company specifically for inclusion in any preliminary prospectus, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any individual Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, or any amendment or supplement thereto, are (i) the names of the Underwriters and the principal amount of the Notes being purchased by each Underwriter hereby, (ii) the concession and reallowance figures appearing in the Prospectus in the section entitled “Underwriting,” (iii) the last sentence of the third paragraph in the section entitled “Underwriting” relating to the fact that the Underwriters may change the offering price, concessions and other selling terms, and (iv) the paragraphs in the section entitled “Underwriting” relating to stabilization transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in which the Underwriters may engage and the effect that these transactions may have on the price of the Notes (collectively, the “Underwriters’ Information”). (b) Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in (A) any preliminary prospectus, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or any individual Issuer- Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or (B) any written materials provided to investors by any Underwriter in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Notes, including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically), which, in each of cases (A) and (B), arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in any preliminary prospectus, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any individual Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus or in any written materials provided to investors by any Underwriter in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Notes, including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically), when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, or any such amendment or supplement, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Underwriter directly or through the Representative and used therein, provided that the Company and the Underwriters hereby acknowledge and agree that the only information that the Underwriters have furnished to the Company specifically for inclusion in any preliminary prospectus, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any individual Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, or any amendment or supplement thereto, are the Underwriters’ Information; and will reimburse the Company for any legal or


 
28 other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred. (c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof; but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under such subsection, except to the extent the indemnifying party is prejudiced in its ability to defend such action as a result of the omission to notify the indemnifying party. In case any such action shall be brought against any indemnified party and it shall notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying party), and, after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to such indemnified party under such subsection for any legal expenses of other counsel or any other expenses, in each case subsequently incurred by such indemnified party, in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation. No indemnifying party shall, without the written consent of the indemnified party, effect the settlement or compromise of, or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened action or claim in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not the indemnified party is an actual or potential party to such action or claim) unless such settlement, compromise or judgment (i) includes an unconditional release of the indemnified party from all liability arising out of such action or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of any indemnified party. (d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 9 is unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other from the offering of the Notes. If, however, the allocation provided by the immediately preceding sentence is not permitted by applicable law or if the indemnified party failed to give the notice required under subsection (c) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to such amount paid or payable by such indemnified party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof), as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts, fees and commissions received by the Underwriters. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other


 
29 things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company on the one hand or the Underwriters on the other and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this subsection (d) were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this subsection (d). The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to above in this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Notes underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters’ obligations in this subsection (d) to contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint. (e) The obligations of the Company under this Section 9 shall be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of the Act) any Underwriter, or any of the respective partners, directors, officers and employees of any Underwriter or any such controlling person; and the obligations of the Underwriters under this Section 9 shall be in addition to any liability which the respective Underwriters may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each director of the Company solely in his or her capacity as a director, each officer of the Company who signs the Registration Statement, solely in his or her capacity as an officer, and to each person, if any, who controls the Company, within the meaning of the Act. 10. (a) If any Underwriter shall default in its obligation to purchase the Notes which it has agreed to purchase hereunder at the Time of Delivery, you may in your discretion arrange for you or another party or other parties to purchase such Notes on the terms contained herein. If within thirty-six hours after such default by any Underwriter you do not arrange for the purchase of such Notes, then the Company shall be entitled to a further period of thirty-six hours within which to procure another party or other parties satisfactory to you to purchase such Notes on such terms. In the event that, within the respective prescribed periods, you notify the Company that you have so arranged for the purchase of such Notes, or the Company notifies you that it has so arranged for the purchase of such Notes, you or the Company shall have the right to postpone such Time of Delivery for a period of not more than seven days in order to effect whatever changes may thereby be made necessary in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any other documents or arrangements, and the Company agrees to file promptly any amendments to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which in your opinion may thereby be made necessary. The term “Underwriter” as used in this Agreement shall include any


 
30 person substituted under this Section 10 with like effect as if such person had originally been a party to this Agreement with respect to such Notes. (b) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the principal amount of the Notes of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by you and the Company as provided in subsection (a) above, the aggregate principal amount of such Notes which remains unpurchased does not exceed one-tenth of the aggregate principal amount of all the Notes to be purchased at such Time of Delivery, then the Company shall have the right to require each non- defaulting Underwriter to purchase the principal amount of Notes which such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder at such Time of Delivery and, in addition, to require each non- defaulting Underwriter to purchase its pro rata share (based on the principal amount of Notes which such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder) of the aggregate principal amount of Notes of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default. (c) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the principal amount of the Notes of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by you and the Company as provided in Section 10(a) hereof, the aggregate principal amount of such Notes which remains unpurchased exceeds one-tenth of the aggregate principal amount of all the Notes to be purchased at such Time of Delivery, or if the Company shall not exercise the right described in Section 10(b) hereof to require non-defaulting Underwriters to purchase Notes of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then this Agreement shall thereupon terminate, without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company, except for the expenses to be borne by the Company as provided in Section 6 hereof and the indemnity and contribution agreements in Section 9 hereof; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default. 11. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company and the several Underwriters, as set forth in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of them, respectively, pursuant to this Agreement, shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation (or any statement as to the results thereof) made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any controlling person of any Underwriter, or the Company, or any officer or director or controlling person of the Company, and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Notes. 12. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 10 hereof, the Company shall not then be under any liability to any Underwriter except as provided in Sections 6 and 9 hereof; but, if for any other reason, any Notes are not delivered by or on behalf of the Company as provided herein, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters through you for all out-of-pocket expenses, including fees and disbursements of counsel, incurred by the Underwriters in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, marketing, syndication and travel expenses incurred by the Underwriters in making preparations for the purchase, sale and delivery of the Notes not so delivered, but the Company shall then be under no further liability to any Underwriter except as provided in Sections 6 and 9 hereof. 13. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:


 
31 (a) in connection with the sale of the Notes, the Underwriters have been retained solely to act as Underwriters of the Notes, and no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between the Company and the Underwriters has been created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (b) the price of the Notes set forth in this Agreement was established following discussions and arms-length negotiations between the Company and the Underwriters, and the Company is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (c) it has been advised that the Underwriters and their respective affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and that the Underwriters have no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship; and (d) it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Underwriters for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty and agrees that the Underwriters shall have no liability (whether direct or indirect) to the Company in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on behalf of or in right of the Company, including shareholders, employees or creditors of the Company. 14. In all dealings hereunder, you shall act on behalf of each of the Underwriters, and the parties hereto shall be entitled to act and rely upon any statement, request, notice or agreement on behalf of any Underwriter made or given by you. All statements, requests, notices and agreements hereunder shall be in writing, and if to the Underwriters shall be delivered or sent by mail or any standard form of telecommunication to the Representative at 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10020, Attention: General Counsel (fax: (212) 466-7796); and if to the Company shall be delivered or sent by mail or any standard form of telecommunication to the address of the Company set forth in the Registration Statement, Attention: Scott Wollney, CEO (fax: 847-228-2580), provided, however, that any notice to an Underwriter pursuant to Section 9(c) hereof shall be delivered to such Underwriter at its address set forth in its Underwriters’ Questionnaire, which address will be supplied to the Company by you upon request. Any such statements, requests, notices or agreements shall take effect upon receipt thereof. 15. This Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure solely to the benefit of, the Underwriters, the Company and, to the extent provided in Sections 9 and 11 hereof, the officers and directors of the Company and each person who controls the Company or any Underwriter, and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, and no other person shall acquire or have any right under or by virtue of this Agreement. No purchaser of any of the Notes from any Underwriter shall be deemed a successor or assign by reason merely of such purchase.


 
32 16. Time shall be of the essence of this Agreement. 17. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. 18. This Agreement may be executed by any one or more of the parties hereto in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.


 
If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and return to us four counterparts hereof, and upon the acceptance hereof by you, on behalf of each of the Underwriters, this letter and such acceptance hereof shall constitute a binding agreement among each of the Underwriters and the Company. It is understood that your acceptance of this letter on behalf of each of the Underwriters is pursuant to the authority set forth in a form of Agreement among Underwriters, the form of which shall be submitted to the Company for examination upon request, but without warranty on your part as to the authority of the signers thereof. Very truly yours, ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. By: /s/ Scott Wollney ______________________ Name: Scott Wollney Title: President and Chief Executive Officer


 
Accepted as of the date hereof: SANDLER O'NEILL & PARTNERS, L.P., as Representative of the several Underwriters By: Sandler O'Neill & Partners Corp., the sole general partner By: /s/ Robert A. Kleinert Name: Robert A. Kleinert Title: An Officer of the Corporation


 
SCHEDULE I Underwriter Principal Amount of the Notes Sandler O’Neill & Partners, L.P. ........ $16,250,000 Boenning & Scattergood, Inc............... $6,250,000 American Capital Partners, LLC ......... $2,500,000 Total ............................................... $25,000,000


 
SCHEDULE II Investor Presentation, filed with the Commission on April 19, 2017 Final Term Sheet


 
SCHEDULE III Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. $25,000,000 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 Issuer: Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. (“Atlas”) Securities Offered: 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2022 (the “Notes”) Principal Amount Offered: $25,000,000 Rating*: Egan Jones: BBB Maturity Date: April 26, 2022, unless previously redeemed Trade Date: April 21, 2017 Settlement Date: April 26, 2017 Yield to Investors: 6.625% Interest Rate: 6.625% per annum, from and including the Settlement Date Interest Payment Dates: Quarterly pay on each January 26, April 26, July 26 and October 26 through the maturity date or early redemption date. The first interest payment will be made on July 26, 2017. Record Dates: Each January 11, April 11, July 11 and October 11. Day Count Convention: 30/360 Price to Public: 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, if any, from the Settlement Date. Denominations: Atlas will issue the Senior Unsecured Notes only in denominations of $25 and integrals of $25 in excess thereof. Use of Proceeds: Atlas intends to use the net proceeds of this offering, together with cash on hand, for the repayment of $19.4 million in outstanding debt drawn from Atlas’ secured credit facilities (which will then be terminated), repurchases of common stock, supporting organic growth, and potential acquisitions, as well as for general corporate purposes.


 
Optional Redemption: Atlas may, at its option, beginning with the interest payment date of April 26, 2020, and on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter, redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to but excluding the date of redemption. The Notes will not be entitled to the benefit of any sinking fund. The Notes will not be subject to repayment at the option of the holder at any time prior to maturity. Subordination; Ranking: The Notes will be obligations of Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc., and will rank senior in right of payment to any of Atlas’ existing and future indebtedness that is by its terms expressly subordinated or junior in right of payment of the Notes. The Notes will rank equally in right of payment to all of Atlas’ existing and future senior indebtedness, but will be effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such secured indebtedness. In addition, the Notes will be structurally subordinated to the indebtedness and other obligations of Atlas’ subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2016, Atlas had $19.4 million in outstanding debt drawn from its secured line of credit. Events of Default; remedies: The Notes will contain events of default, the occurrence of which may result in the acceleration of Atlas’ obligations under the notes in certain circumstances. Certain Covenants: The Notes will be issued under an indenture and supplemental indenture (collectively, the “Indenture”) to be dated as of the issuance date between Atlas and the Trustee. The Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, limit: (i) the ability of Atlas to merge or consolidate, or lease, sell, assign or transfer all or substantially all of its assets; (ii) the ability of Atlas to sell or otherwise dispose of the equity securities of certain of its subsidiaries; (iii) the ability of certain of Atlas’ subsidiaries to issue equity securities; (iv) the ability of Atlas to permit certain of its subsidiaries to merge or consolidate, or lease, sell, assign or transfer all or substantially all of their respective assets; and (v) the ability of Atlas and its subsidiaries to incur debt secured by equity securities of certain of its subsidiaries. Listing: Atlas has applied to list the notes on the Nasdaq Global Market. If the listing is approved, trading of the Notes on the Nasdaq Global Market is expected to commence within 30 days after the initial delivery of the Notes. Currently, there is no public market for the Notes. Further Issuances: Atlas may, from time to time, without notice to or consent of the holders, increase the aggregate principal amount of the Notes


 
outstanding by issuing additional Notes in the future with the same terms as the Notes, except for the issue date and offering price, and such additional Notes shall be consolidated with the Notes issued in this offering and form a single series. Trustee: Wilmington Trust, National Association Governing Law: The Indenture and the Notes will be governed by the laws of New York. The Indenture will be subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. CUSIP/ISIN: 049323 108/US0493231080 Sole Book-Running Manager: Sandler O’Neill + Partners, L.P. Co-Managers: Boenning & Scattergood, Inc. American Capital Partners, LLC * Note: A rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. Ratings may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization. Each rating agency has its own methodology for assigning ratings and, accordingly, each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. The Issuer has filed a registration statement (including a prospectus supplement) on Form S-3 (File No. 333-195495) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for the offering to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the prospectus in the registration statement and the other documents the Issuer has filed with the SEC for more complete information about the Issuer and this offering. You may get these documents for free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC Web site at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, you can request the prospectus by calling Sandler O’Neill at (866) 805-4128.


 
ANNEX I-A Opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman 1. The Company is duly incorporated and existing under the laws of the Cayman Islands and, based on the Certificate of Good Standing, in good standing as at the Certificate Date. Pursuant to the Companies Law (the “Law”), a company is deemed to be in good standing if all fees and penalties under the Law have been paid and the Registrar of Companies has no knowledge that the Company is in default under the Law. 2. The Company has corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under the Underwriting Agreement. 3. The Company has taken all corporate action required to authorise its execution, delivery and performance of the Underwriting Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture. The Underwriting Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture have each been duly executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Company, and constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with the terms thereof. 4. The execution and delivery by the Company of the Underwriting Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture and the consummation of the transactions contemplated in the Underwriting Agreement, the Notes, the Indenture and in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (including the issuance and sale of the Notes and the use of the proceeds from the sale of the Notes as described in the Prospectus under the caption “Use Of Proceeds”) and the performance by the Company with its obligations under the Underwriting Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture will not result in any violation of the provisions of the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company, nor any applicable law, regulation, order or decree in the Cayman Islands.


 
ANNEX I-B Opinion of DLA Piper LLP (US) 1. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any United States court or United States Governmental Entity is required for the delivery of the Underwriting Agreement, the Notes or the Indenture or the issue and sale of the Notes or the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture, except (i) the registration under the Act of the Notes, (ii) as may be required under the rules and regulations of FINRA and (iii) such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, registrations or qualifications as may be required in connection with the listing of securities of the Company on the Nasdaq Global Market. 2. The Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission under the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder; any required filing of the Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) has been made in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) (without reference to Rule 424(b)(8)); and, to the best of our knowledge, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement has been issued under the Act or any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any such purpose have been instituted or are pending or threatened by the Commission or any other Governmental Entity. 3. As of the date hereof, the Company is not, and after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Notes, will not be, an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company”, as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act. 4. The Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any further amendments and supplements thereto made by the Company prior to such Time of Delivery (other than the financial statements and schedules, actuarial analysis and other financial, statistical or actuarial data or statements as to the insurance regulations and compliance therewith included therein, as to which such counsel need express no opinion) comply as to form in all material respects with the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. 5. Each subsidiary of the Company, in each case based solely on good standing certificates of the Secretary of State of the States of Delaware, Illinois, Missouri and New York (which are attached hereto as Annex A), is validly existing as a corporation and is in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its respective organization, with corporate power and authority to own their respective properties and conduct their respective businesses as described in the Prospectus, and based solely on an officer’s certificate of the Company, each has been duly qualified as a foreign corporation for the transaction of business and is in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, or is subject to no material liability or disability by reason of the failure to be so qualified in any such jurisdiction; based solely on an officer’s certificate from the


 
Company, all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company has been duly authorized and validly issued and is fully paid and nonassessable and is owned by the Company, directly or through other subsidiaries of the Company, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, claim or equity (other than pursuant to that certain loan and security agreement, dated as of May 7, 2014, by and between American Insurance Acquisition, Inc. and Fifth Third Bank, as amended). 6. Based solely on an officer’s certificate from the Company, either the Company has been duly qualified as a foreign corporation for the transaction of business and is in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, or is subject to no material liability or disability by reason of the failure to be so qualified in any such jurisdiction, except where such failure to be so qualified would not have a Material Adverse Effect. 7. Except as disclosed in the General Disclosure Package, the execution, delivery and performance of the Underwriting Agreement, the Notes and the Indenture and the consummation of the transactions contemplated in the Underwriting Agreement and in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (including the issuance and sale of the Notes and the use of the proceeds from the sale of the Notes by the Company as described in the Prospectus under the caption “Use Of Proceeds”) and compliance by the Company with its obligations under the Underwriting Agreement do not and will not, whether with or without the giving of notice or lapse of time or both, conflict with or constitute a breach of, or default or Repayment Event under or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any subsidiary pursuant to any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan or credit agreement, note or lease known to us and set forth in the data room established by the Company in connection with the Offering, to which the Company or any subsidiary is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound, or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any subsidiary is subject (except for such conflicts, breaches, defaults or Repayment Events or liens, charges or encumbrances that would not have a Material Adverse Effect); provided however, that we express no opinion with respect to any provision of any contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan or credit agreement, note, lease or any other agreement or instrument relating to insurance regulations or compliance therewith by the Company or any of its or their subsidiaries. 8. To our knowledge, there is no contract or other agreement of a character required to be incorporated by reference into the Prospectus or required to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which is not filed or incorporated by reference or described as required. 9. To our knowledge without independent investigation, the Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all real property owned by them, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in the Prospectus, or such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company


 
and its subsidiaries; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them under valid and enforceable leases. 10. To our knowledge, except as disclosed in the Prospectus, there is no action, suit, investigation or proceeding before or by any Governmental Entity now pending or, to the knowledge of such counsel, threatened or contemplated against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement and not disclosed therein. 11. The statements set forth in the Prospectus under the caption “Description of the Notes”, insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the Notes and under the captions “Underwriting”, insofar as they purport to describe the provisions of the laws and documents referred to therein, are accurate and complete. Because the primary purpose of our professional engagement was not to establish or confirm factual matters or financial, actuarial, accounting or statistical information and because many determinations involved in the preparation of the Registration Statement, Final Term Sheet and the Prospectus are of a wholly or partially non-legal character, we are not passing upon and do not assume any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or fairness of the statements contained in the Registration Statement, the Final Term Sheet and the Prospectus (except as otherwise set forth in this opinion). However, in the course of acting as counsel, we have participated in conferences with officers and other representatives of the Company, representatives of the independent public accountants for the Company and representatives of the Underwriters at which the contents of the Registration Statement, the Final Term Sheet, the Prospectus and related matters were discussed and, although we are not passing upon and do not assume any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or fairness of the statements contained in the Registration Statement, Final Term Sheet and the Prospectus (except as otherwise set forth in this opinion), nothing has come to our attention that would lead us to believe that the Registration Statement (except for financial statements and schedules, actuarial analysis and other financial, statistical or actuarial data included therein, as to which we need make no statement), at the time it became effective, or that the General Disclosure Package as of the Applicable Time, contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or that the Prospectus or any further amendment or supplement thereto made by the Company prior to such Time of Delivery (except for financial statements and schedules, actuarial analysis and other financial, statistical or actuarial data included therein, as to which counsel need make no statement), at the time the Registration Statement became effective and at such Time of Delivery, included or includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or omits to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (it being understood that we express no opinion with respect to (a) the subject matters contained in the Opinions and (b) the financial statements and schedules, actuarial analysis and other financial, statistical or actuarial data included in the Registration Statement, Final Term Sheet or the Prospectus).


 
EXECUTION VERSION ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. TO WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as TRUSTEE INDENTURE Dated as of April 26, 2017


 
CROSS REFERENCE SHEET Between Provisions of Sections 310 through 318(a) inclusive of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and the Indenture dated as of , between Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. and , as trustee. Section of Act Section of Indenture 310(a)(1) and (2) 8.09 310(a)(3) and (4) * 310(b) 8.08 and 8.10 310(c) * 311(a) 8.13 311(b) 8.13 311(c) * 312(a) 6.01 and 6.02(a) 312(b) 6.02(b) 312(c) 6.02(c) 313(a)(1), (2), (3), (4), (6) and (7) 6.04(a) 313(a)(5) * 313(b)(1) * 313(b)(2) 6.04 313(c) 6.04 313(d) 6.04 314(a)(1) 6.03 314(a)(2) 6.03 314(a)(3) 6.03 314(b) * 314(c)(1) 5.05 314(c)(2) 15.05 314(c)(3) * 314(d) * 314(e) 15.05 314(f) * 315(a), (c) and (d) 8.01 315(b) 7.08 315(e) 7.09 316(a)(1) 7.07 316(a)(2) * 316(a) last para. 9.03 316(b) 7.10 317(a) 7.02 317(b) 5.04 318(a) 15.07 * Not Applicable. This cross reference sheet shall not, for any purpose, be considered part of the Indenture.


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page -i- ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS................................................................................................. 2 Section 1.01 Definitions............................................................................................ 2 ARTICLE 2 DEBT SECURITY FORMS............................................................................ 8 Section 2.01 Forms Generally................................................................................... 8 Section 2.02 Forms of Debt Securities ..................................................................... 8 Section 2.03 Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication .................................. 8 Section 2.04 Debt Securities in Global Form ........................................................... 9 ARTICLE 3 THE DEBT SECURITIES............................................................................. 10 Section 3.01 Title and Terms .................................................................................. 11 Section 3.02 Denominations ................................................................................... 13 Section 3.03 Payment of Principal and Interest ...................................................... 13 Section 3.04 Execution of Debt Securities ............................................................. 13 Section 3.05 Temporary Debt Securities ................................................................ 15 Section 3.06 Exchange and Registration of Transfer of Debt Securities................ 15 Section 3.07 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Debt Securities ....................... 16 Section 3.08 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved .................................. 17 Section 3.09 Persons Deemed Owners ................................................................... 18 Section 3.10 Cancellation of Debt Securities Paid ................................................. 18 Section 3.11 Currency and Manner of Payments.................................................... 19 Section 3.12 CUSIP Numbers................................................................................. 20 ARTICLE 4 REDEMPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES; SINKING FUNDS.................... 21 Section 4.01 Applicability of Article ...................................................................... 21 Section 4.02 Notice of Redemption; Selection of Debt Securities ......................... 21 Section 4.03 Payment of Debt Securities Called for Redemption .......................... 22 Section 4.04 Exclusion of Certain Debt Securities from Eligibility for Selection for Redemption .................................................................. 23 Section 4.05 Provisions with Respect to any Sinking Funds.................................. 23 ARTICLE 5 PARTICULAR COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY ................................. 25 Section 5.01 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest ..................................... 25 Section 5.02 Offices for Notices and Payments...................................................... 25


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page -ii- Section 5.03 Appointments to Fill Vacancies in Trustee’s Office.......................... 25 Section 5.04 Provisions as to Paying Agent ........................................................... 26 Section 5.05 Certificate to Trustee.......................................................................... 26 Section 5.06 Waivers of Covenants ........................................................................ 27 ARTICLE 6 HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE ............................................................................................. 27 Section 6.01 Holders’ Lists..................................................................................... 27 Section 6.02 Preservation and Disclosure of Lists.................................................. 27 Section 6.03 Reports by the Company.................................................................... 28 Section 6.04 Reports by the Trustee ....................................................................... 28 ARTICLE 7 REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND HOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT ..................................................................................................... 28 Section 7.01 Events of Default ............................................................................... 28 Section 7.02 Payment of Debt Securities Upon Default; Suit Therefor ................. 31 Section 7.03 Application of Moneys Collected by Trustee .................................... 33 Section 7.04 Proceedings by Holders ..................................................................... 34 Section 7.05 Proceedings by Trustee ...................................................................... 34 Section 7.06 Remedies Cumulative and Continuing .............................................. 34 Section 7.07 Direction of Proceedings and Waiver of Defaults by Majority of Holders........................................................................................... 35 Section 7.08 Notice of Defaults .............................................................................. 35 Section 7.09 Undertaking to Pay Costs................................................................... 36 Section 7.10 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest......................................................................................... 36 ARTICLE 8 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE.................................................................. 36 Section 8.01 Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee .............................................. 36 Section 8.02 Reliance on Documents, Opinions..................................................... 37 Section 8.03 No Responsibility for Recitals ........................................................... 39 Section 8.04 Trustee and Agents May Own Debt Securities.................................. 39 Section 8.05 Moneys to be Held in Trust ............................................................... 39 Section 8.06 Compensation and Expenses of Trustee ............................................ 39


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page -iii- Section 8.07 Officers’ Certificate as Evidence ....................................................... 40 Section 8.08 Conflicting Interest of Trustee ........................................................... 40 Section 8.09 Eligibility of Trustee .......................................................................... 40 Section 8.10 Resignation or Removal of Trustee ................................................... 41 Section 8.11 Acceptance by Successor Trustee ...................................................... 42 Section 8.12 Succession by Merger ........................................................................ 43 Section 8.13 Limitation on Rights of Trustee as a Creditor ................................... 43 Section 8.14 Authenticating Agents ....................................................................... 43 Section 8.15 Trustee’s Application for Instructions from the Company ................ 46 ARTICLE 9 CONCERNING THE HOLDERS ................................................................. 46 Section 9.01 Action by Holders .............................................................................. 46 Section 9.02 Proof of Execution by Holders .......................................................... 47 Section 9.03 Company-Owned Debt Securities Disregarded ................................. 47 Section 9.04 Revocation of Consents; Future Holders Bound ............................... 47 ARTICLE 10 HOLDERS’ MEETINGS............................................................................... 48 Section 10.01 Purposes of Meetings......................................................................... 48 Section 10.02 Call of Meetings by Trustee............................................................... 48 Section 10.03 Call of Meetings by Company or Holders ......................................... 48 Section 10.04 Qualifications for Voting ................................................................... 49 Section 10.05 Regulations ........................................................................................ 49 Section 10.06 Voting ................................................................................................ 50 Section 10.07 No Delay of Rights by Meeting ......................................................... 50 ARTICLE 11 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES .............................................................. 50 Section 11.01 Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders ...................... 50 Section 11.02 Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders ........................... 52 Section 11.03 Effect of Supplemental Indentures..................................................... 53 Section 11.04 Notation on Debt Securities ............................................................... 53 Section 11.05 Evidence of Compliance of Supplemental Indenture to be Furnished Trustee............................................................................... 53 ARTICLE 12 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE AND CONVEYANCE.................. 53


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page -iv- Section 12.01 Company May Consolidate on Certain Terms................................... 53 Section 12.02 Successor Entity to be Substituted..................................................... 54 Section 12.03 Opinion of Counsel to Be Given to the Trustee................................. 54 ARTICLE 13 SATISFACTION, DISCHARGE AND DEFEASANCE OF INDENTURE................................................................................................. 54 Section 13.01 Satisfaction, Discharge and Legal Defeasance of Debt Securities of any Series ...................................................................... 54 Section 13.02 Covenant Defeasance of Debt Securities of any Series ..................... 56 Section 13.03 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification .................................... 57 Section 13.04 Return of Unclaimed Moneys ............................................................ 58 Section 13.05 Reinstatement..................................................................................... 58 ARTICLE 14 IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS.................................................................... 58 Section 14.01 Indenture and Debt Securities Solely Obligations of the Company............................................................................................ 58 ARTICLE 15 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.............................................................. 59 Section 15.01 Provisions Binding on Successors of the Company .......................... 59 Section 15.02 Indenture for Sole Benefit of Parties and Holders of Debt Securities............................................................................................ 59 Section 15.03 Addresses for Notices ........................................................................ 59 Section 15.04 Contract; Waiver of Trial by Jury...................................................... 60 Section 15.05 Evidence of Compliance with Conditions Precedent......................... 60 Section 15.06 Legal Holidays ................................................................................... 61 Section 15.07 Trust Indenture Act of 1939 to Control ............................................. 61 Section 15.08 Table of Contents, Headings.............................................................. 61 Section 15.09 Determination of Principal Amount................................................... 61 Section 15.10 Execution in Counterparts.................................................................. 62


 
2 THIS INDENTURE, dated as of April 26, 2017, between Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc., a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Company”), and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). RECITALS OF THE COMPANY The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issue from time to time of its unsecured debentures, notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness to be issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, up to such principal amount or amounts as may from time to time be authorized in or pursuant to one or more resolutions of the Board of Directors. All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done. NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH: For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase or acceptance of the Debt Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of the respective Holders from time to time of the Debt Securities or of any series thereof as follows: ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS Section 1.01 Definitions. The terms defined in this Section 1.01 (except as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section 1.01. All other terms used in this Indenture which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 or which are by reference therein defined in the Securities Act shall have (except as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and in the Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this Indenture. All accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the term “generally accepted accounting principles” with respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as are generally accepted in the United States for domestic companies at the date of such computation. All references to such terms herein shall be both to the singular or the plural, as the context so requires. Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an “Article” or a “Section” refers to an Article or Section, as the case may be, of this Indenture. The words “herein,” “hereof’ and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision. The words “including,” “includes” and “include” shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” (a) The term “Act” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.01.


 
3 (b) The term “Affiliate”, when used with respect to any specified Person, means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing. (c) The term “Authenticating Agent” means the agent of the Trustee, if any, which at the time shall be appointed and acting pursuant to Section 8.14. (d) The term “Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any authorized committee of such Board designated by the Board of Directors or the Memorandum of Association or the Articles of Association of the Company to act for such Board for purposes of this Indenture. (e) The term “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by a Vice President, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee. (f) The term “Business Day”, when used with respect to any Place of Payment or any other particular location, means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which banking institutions or trust companies in that Place of Payment or other location are authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to close. (g) The term “Commission” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (h) The term “Company” means the party named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor replaces it pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture and, thereafter, shall mean such successor. The foregoing sentence shall likewise apply to any subsequent successor or successors. (i) The terms “Company Request” and “Company Order” mean, respectively, a written request or order signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, Secretary, Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer, and delivered to the Trustee. (j) The term “Conversion Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.11. (k) The term “Corporate Trust Office” means the designated office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be administered, which office at the date hereof is located at 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, DE 19890, Attention: Atlas Financial Holdings Administrator, or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of


 
4 any successor Trustee (or such other address as such successor Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Company). (l) The term “Currency Determination Agent” means the financial institution, if any, from time to time selected by the Company for purposes of Section 3.11. (m) The terms “Debt Security” or “Debt Securities” means any notes, debentures or other indebtedness of any series, as the case may be, issued by the Company from time to time, and authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. (n) The term “Debt Security Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.06. (o) The term “Debt Security Registrar” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.06. (p) The term “Depository” means, unless otherwise specified by the Company pursuant to Section 3.01, with respect to Debt Securities of any series issuable or issued as a Global Debt Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, or any successor thereto registered as a clearing agency pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or other applicable statute or regulation. (q) The term “Dollar” means the coin or currency of the United States of America which as of the time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public and private debts. (r) The term “Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.11. (s) The term “Event of Default” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.01. (t) The term “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. (u) The term “Foreign Currency” means a currency issued by the government of any country other than the United States of America. (v) The term “Global Debt Security” means a Debt Security issued in global form pursuant to Section 2.04 hereof to evidence all or part of a series of Debt Securities. (w) The term “Government Obligations” means securities which are (i) direct obligations of the government that issued the currency in which the Debt Securities of a series are denominated or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the government that issued the currency in which the Debt Securities of such series are denominated, the payment of which obligations is unconditionally guaranteed by such government, and which, in either case, are full faith and credit obligations of such government, are denominated in the currency in which the Debt Securities of such series are denominated and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.


 
5 (x) The term “Holder” means any Person in whose name a Debt Security of any series is registered in the Debt Security Register applicable to Debt Securities of such series. (y) The term “Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed and delivered or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, as so amended or supplemented. (z) The term “Indexed Debt Security” means a Debt Security, the terms of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the principal face amount thereof at original issuance. (aa) The term “interest”, when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Debt Security that by its terms bears interest only after maturity, means interest payable after maturity. (bb) The term “Interest Payment Date”, when used with respect to any series of Debt Securities, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Debt Securities. (cc) The term “Market Exchange Rate” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.11. (dd) The term “Officers’ Certificate”, when used with respect to the Company, means a certificate signed by its Chairman of the Board, Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer or a Vice President and by its Treasurer, Secretary, Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer and delivered to the Trustee. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 15.05 to the extent required by the provisions of such Section. (ee) The term “Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion in writing signed by legal counsel who may be an employee of or counsel to the Company and who shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Sections 3.04, 11.05, 12.03, 13.01, 13.02 and 15.05 to the extent required by the provisions of such Sections. (ff) The term “Original Issue Discount Debt Security” means any Debt Security which provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 7.01. (gg) The term “Outstanding”, when used with respect to Debt Securities or Debt Securities of any series, means, as of the date of determination, all such Debt Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except: (1) such Debt Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; (2) such Debt Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary amount and in the specified currency has been theretofore deposited with the


 
6 Trustee or any paying agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent) for the Holders of such Debt Securities, provided, however, that if such Debt Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; (3) such Debt Securities that have been paid pursuant to Section 3.07 or such Debt Securities in exchange for or in lieu of which other such Debt Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, unless proof satisfactory to the Trustee is presented that any such Debt Securities are held by Persons in whose hands any of such Debt Securities are a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, and such Debt Securities the indebtedness in respect to which has been discharged in accordance with Section 13.01; provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of such Outstanding Debt Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, such Debt Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon such Debt Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor (except in the case in which the Company or such other obligor or Affiliate owns all Debt Securities Outstanding under the Indenture, or all Outstanding Debt Securities of each such series, as the case may be, without regard to this proviso) shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding in the manner set forth in Section 9.03, provided, however, that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, or waiver only such Debt Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. (hh) The term “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, limited liability company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. (ii) The term “Place of Payment”, when used with respect to the Debt Securities of any series, means the place or places where the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on the Debt Securities of that series are payable as specified in accordance with Section 3.01. (jj) The term “Predecessor Debt Security” of any particular Debt Security means every previous Debt Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Debt Security, and for the purposes of this definition, any Debt Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.07 in lieu of a mutilated, lost, destroyed or stolen Debt Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, lost, destroyed or stolen Debt Security. (kk) The term “Redemption Date”, when used with respect to any Debt Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.


 
7 (ll) The term “Redemption Price”, when used with respect to any Debt Security to be redeemed, means the price specified in such Debt Security at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture. (mm) The term “Regular Record Date” for the interest payable on any Debt Security on any Interest Payment Date means the date specified in such Debt Security as the “Regular Record Date” as contemplated by Section 3.01, whether or not a Business Day. (nn) The term “Responsible Officer”, when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer of the Trustee assigned to the corporate trust administration unit (or any successor division or unit) of the Trustee located at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture and, for the purposes of Section 7.07, Section 7.08 and Section 8.01(c)(2), shall also include any other officer of the Trustee to whom any corporate trust matter relating to this Indenture is referred because of such officer’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject. (oo) The term “Responsible Officer”, when used with respect to the Company, means the Chairman of the Board, Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or Secretary, or any Vice President, Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer, in each case, of the Company. (pp) The term “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. (qq) The term “Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest (as defined in Section 3.08) means a date fixed by the Company pursuant to Section 3.08. (rr) The term “Stated Maturity” when used with respect to any Debt Security or any installment of principal thereof or of interest thereon, means the date specified in such Debt Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Debt Security, or such installment of interest, is due and payable. (ss) The term “Subsidiary” means any Person of which the Company, or the Company and one or more Subsidiaries, or any one or more Subsidiaries, directly or indirectly own more than 50% of the Voting Stock. (tt) The term “Trustee” means the party named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor replaces it pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Debt Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of that series. (uu) The term “Trust Indenture Act of 1939” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was executed; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “Trust Indenture Act of 1939” means to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.


 
8 (vv) The term “Voting Stock” means outstanding shares of capital stock or similar equity interests having under ordinary circumstances voting power for the election of directors, managers or the substantial equivalent thereof, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock or similar equity interest has such voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency. ARTICLE 2 DEBT SECURITY FORMS Section 2.01 Forms Generally. The Debt Securities of each series and the certificates of authentication thereon shall have such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture (the provisions of which shall be appropriate to reflect the terms of each series of Debt Securities, including the currency or denomination, which may be Dollars or Foreign Currency), and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon, as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange, or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Debt Securities, as evidenced by their signing of such Debt Securities. Any portion of the text of any Debt Security may be set forth on the reverse thereof, with an appropriate reference thereto on the face of the Debt Security. Section 2.02 Forms of Debt Securities. The Debt Securities of each series shall be in such form or forms (including global form) as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the delivery of a Debt Security of any series in any such form to the Trustee for the Debt Securities of such series for authentication, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee the following: (a) The Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto by or pursuant to which such form of Debt Security has been approved; (b) An Officers’ Certificate dated the date such Certificate is delivered to the Trustee stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the authentication and delivery of Debt Securities in such form have been complied with; and (c) The Opinion of Counsel described in Section 3.04. The definitive Debt Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Debt Securities, as evidenced by their execution thereof. Section 2.03 Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication. The following is the form of the Certificate of Authentication of the Trustee to be endorsed on all Debt Securities substantially as follows: This is one of the Debt Securities of the series designated therein issued under the within- mentioned Indenture.


 
9 as Trustee By: Authorized Signatory Section 2.04 Debt Securities in Global Form. (a) If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 3.01 that the Debt Securities of a particular series are to be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Debt Securities, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee or its agent shall, in accordance with Section 3.04 and the Company Order delivered to the Trustee or its agent thereunder, authenticate and deliver such Global Debt Security or Global Debt Securities, which (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series to be represented by such Global Debt Security or Global Debt Securities, or such portion thereof as the Company shall specify in a Company Order, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depository for such Global Debt Security or Global Debt Securities or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee or its agent to the Depository or pursuant to the Depository’s instruction or held by the Trustee as custodian for the Depository and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: “Unless this certificate is presented by an authorized representative of the Depository to the Company or its agent for registration of transfer, exchange, or payment, and any certificate issued is registered in the name of the nominee of the Depository or in such other name as is requested by an authorized representative of the Depository (and any payment is made to the nominee of the Depository or to such other entity as is requested by an authorized representative of the Depository), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE, OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL inasmuch as the registered owner hereof, the nominee of the Depository, has an interest herein.” (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 2.04 or of Section 3.06, and subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) below, unless the terms of a Global Debt Security expressly permit such Global Debt Security to be exchanged in whole or in part for individual certificates representing Debt Securities, a Global Debt Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided in Section 3.06, only to a nominee of the Depository for such Global Debt Security, or to the Depository, or a successor Depository for such Global Debt Security selected or approved by the Company, or to a nominee of such successor Depository. (c) (1) If at any time the Depository for a Global Debt Security notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depository for such Global Debt Security or if at any time the Depository for the Global Debt Securities for such series shall no longer be eligible or in good standing under the Exchange Act or other applicable statute or regulation, the Company shall appoint a successor Depository with respect to such Global Debt Security. If a successor Depository for such Global Debt Security is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Company will execute, and the Trustee or its agent, upon receipt of a Company Request for the authentication and delivery of certificates representing Debt Securities of such series in exchange


 
10 for such Global Debt Security, will authenticate and deliver, certificates representing Debt Securities of such series of like tenor and terms in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Debt Security in exchange for such Global Debt Security. (2) The Company may at any time and in its sole discretion (subject, however, to the procedures of the Depository) determine that the Debt Securities of any series or portion thereof issued or issuable in the form of one or more Global Debt Securities shall no longer be represented by such Global Debt Security or Global Debt Securities. In such event the Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Request for the authentication and delivery of certificates representing Debt Securities of such series in exchange in whole or in part for such Global Debt Security, will authenticate and deliver certificates representing Debt Securities of such series of like tenor and terms in definitive form in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such Global Debt Security or Global Debt Securities representing such series or portion thereof in exchange for such Global Debt Security or Global Debt Securities. (3) If an Event of Default with respect to Debt Securities issued or issuable in the form of a Global Debt Security has occurred and is continuing, the Depository for such Global Debt Security may surrender such Global Debt Security in exchange in whole or in part for certificates representing Debt Securities of such series of like tenor and terms in definitive form on such terms as are acceptable to the Company and such Depository. Thereupon, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee or its agent shall authenticate and deliver, without a service charge, (A) to each Person specified by the Depository a certificate or certificates representing Debt Securities of the same series of like tenor and terms and of any authorized denomination as requested by such Person in an aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person’s beneficial interest as specified by the Depository in the Global Debt Security; and (B) to such Depository a new Global Debt Security of like tenor and terms and in an authorized denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered Global Debt Security and the aggregate principal amount of certificates representing Debt Securities delivered to Holders thereof. (4) In any exchange provided for in any of the preceding three paragraphs, the Company will execute, and the Trustee or its agent will authenticate and deliver, certificates representing Debt Securities in definitive registered form in authorized denominations for Debt Securities of the same series or any integral multiple thereof. Upon the exchange of the entire principal amount of a Global Debt Security for certificates representing Debt Securities, such Global Debt Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee or its agent. Except as provided in the preceding paragraph, certificates representing Debt Securities issued in exchange for a Global Debt Security pursuant to this Section shall be registered in such names and in such authorized minimum denominations for Debt Securities of that series or any integral multiple thereof, as the Depository shall instruct the Trustee or its agent. The Trustee or the Debt Security Registrar shall deliver at its Corporate Trust Office such certificates representing Debt Securities to the Holders in whose names such Debt Securities are so registered. ARTICLE 3 THE DEBT SECURITIES


 
11 Section 3.01 Title and Terms. The aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Debt Securities may be issued up to the aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. The Debt Securities may be issued in one or more series. All Debt Securities of each series issued under this Indenture shall in all respects be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits hereof with respect to such series without preference, priority or distinction on account of the actual time or times of the authentication and delivery or maturity of the Debt Securities of such series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate to the extent not established in a Board Resolution, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Debt Securities of any series: (a) the title of the Debt Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Debt Securities of the series from all other series of Debt Securities); (b) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Debt Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Debt Securities of that series pursuant to this Article Three, the second paragraph of Section 4.03, or Section 11.04); (c) the date or dates (or the manner of calculation thereof) on which the principal of the Debt Securities of the series is payable; (d) the rate or rates (or the manner of calculation thereof) at which the Debt Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date; (e) the Place of Payment; (f) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the currency or currency units in which, and the terms and conditions upon which Debt Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company; (g) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Debt Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices in the currency at which, the currency or currency units in which, and the terms and conditions upon which Debt Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; (h) the denominations in which the Debt Securities of such series shall be issuable if other than minimum denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof;


 
12 (i) if other than Dollars, the currencies in which payments of interest or principal of (and premium, if any, with respect to) the Debt Securities of the series are to be made; (j) if the interest on or principal of (or premium, if any, with respect to) the Debt Securities of the series are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in a currency other than that in which such Debt Securities are payable, the period or periods within which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made, and the time and manner of determining the exchange rate between the currency in such Debt Securities are denominated or stated to be payable and the currency in which such Debt Securities or any of them are to be so payable; (k) whether the amount of payments of interest on or principal of (or premium, if any, with respect to) the Debt Securities of such series may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which index, formula or method may be based, without limitation, on one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices), and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which and the manner in which such amounts shall be determined and paid or payable; (l) the extent to which any Debt Securities will be issuable in permanent global form, the manner in which any payments on a permanent Global Debt Security will be made, and the appointment of any Depository relating thereto; (m) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or covenants with respect to the Debt Securities of such series, whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with the Events of Default or covenants set forth herein; (n) if any of the Debt Securities of such series are to be issuable upon the exercise of warrants, this shall be so established as well as the time, manner and place for such Debt Securities to be authenticated and delivered; (o) the inapplicability of any of the provisions of Article 13 with respect to any series of Debt Securities; (p) the terms of any right to convert the Debt Securities of such series into, or exchange the Debt Securities for, the Company’s ordinary shares (par value is $0.003) or other securities or property or cash in lieu of the Company’s ordinary shares or other securities or property, or any combination thereof; and any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture). All Debt Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution and set forth in such Officers’ Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental hereto. Notwithstanding Section 3.01(b) and unless otherwise expressly provided with respect to a series of Debt Securities, the aggregate principal amount of a series of Debt Securities may be increased and additional Debt Securities of such series may be issued up to the maximum aggregate principal amount authorized with respect to such series as increased.


 
13 If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate setting forth the terms of the series. Section 3.02 Denominations. The Debt Securities of each series shall be issuable in registered form without coupons in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated in Section 3.01. In the absence of any specification with respect to the Debt Securities of any series, the Debt Securities of such series shall be issuable in minimum denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof, which may be in Dollars or any Foreign Currency. Section 3.03 Payment of Principal and Interest. The principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Debt Securities shall be payable at the office or agency of the Company designated for that purpose in the Place of Payment, as provided in Section 5.02; provided, however, that interest may be payable at the option of the Company by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear on the Debt Security Register on the Regular Record Date for such interest payment. Section 3.04 Execution of Debt Securities. The Debt Securities shall be executed manually or by facsimile in the name and on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board of Directors, its President, one of its Vice Presidents or its Treasurer and by its Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries. Only such Debt Securities as shall bear thereon a certificate of authentication substantially in the form hereinbefore recited, manually executed by the Trustee, shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture or be valid or become obligatory for any purpose. Such certificate by the Trustee upon any Debt Security executed by the Company shall be conclusive evidence that the Debt Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the Holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. In case any officer of the Company who shall have executed any of the Debt Securities shall cease to be such officer before the Debt Securities so executed shall have been authenticated and delivered by the Trustee, or disposed of by the Company, such Debt Securities nevertheless shall be valid and binding and may be authenticated and delivered or disposed of as though the Person who executed such Debt Securities had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any Debt Securities may be executed on behalf of the Company by such Persons as, at the actual date of the execution of such Debt Security, shall be the proper officers of the Company, although at the date of such Debt Security or of the execution of this Indenture any such Person was not such an officer. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Debt Securities of any series, properly created in accordance with Section 3.01 and executed by the Company, to the Trustee for authentication; and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver such Debt Securities upon receipt of a Company Order. In the event that any other Person performs the Trustee’s duties as Authenticating Agent pursuant to a duly executed agreement, the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the issuance of any Debt Securities hereunder, such notice to be delivered in accordance with the provisions of Section 15.03 on the date such Debt Securities are delivered by the Company for authentication to such other Person.


 
14 Prior to any such authentication and delivery, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, in addition to the Officers’ Certificates relating to the issuance of any series of Debt Securities pursuant to Sections 2.02, 3.01 (if required by that Section), and Section 15.05, Opinions of Counsel stating that: (a) all instruments furnished to the Trustee conform to the requirements of this Indenture and constitute sufficient authority hereunder for the Trustee to authenticate and deliver such Debt Securities; (b) all laws and requirements with respect to the form and execution by the Company of the supplemental indenture, if any, have been complied with; the execution and delivery of the supplemental indenture, if any, will not violate the terms of this Indenture; the supplemental indenture has been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939; the Company has corporate or company power to execute and deliver any such supplemental indenture and has taken all necessary corporate action for those purposes; and any such supplemental indenture has been executed and delivered and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms (subject, as to enforcement of remedies, to applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally from time to time in effect) ; (c) the form and terms of such Debt Securities have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and all laws and requirements with respect to the execution and delivery by the Company of such Debt Securities have been complied with; the authentication and delivery of the Debt Securities by the Trustee will not violate the terms of this Indenture; the Company has the corporate or company power to issue such Debt Securities; and such Debt Securities have been duly executed on behalf of the Company and, assuming due authentication and delivery by the Trustee, constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with their terms (subject, as to enforcement of remedies, to applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally from time to time in effect) and are entitled to the benefits of this Indenture, equally and ratably with all other Outstanding Debt Securities, if any, of such series. The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Debt Securities if the issue thereof will adversely affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Debt Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee or such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to existing Holders. Unless otherwise provided in the form of Debt Security for any series, all Debt Securities shall be dated the date of their authentication. No Debt Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Debt Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon any Debt Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Debt Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder.


 
15 Section 3.05 Temporary Debt Securities. Pending the preparation of definitive Debt Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon receipt of the documents required by Sections 2.02, 3.01 and 3.04, together with a Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, such temporary Debt Securities which may be printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denominations, substantially of the tenor of such definitive Debt Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such temporary Debt Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such temporary Debt Securities. If temporary Debt Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Debt Securities of such series to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Debt Securities of any series, the temporary Debt Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Debt Securities of such series, upon surrender of the temporary Debt Securities of such series at any office or agency maintained by the Company for such purposes as provided in Section 5.02, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Debt Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Debt Securities of such series having the same interest rate and Stated Maturity and bearing interest from the same date of any authorized denominations. Until so exchanged the temporary Debt Securities of such series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Debt Securities of such series. Section 3.06 Exchange and Registration of Transfer of Debt Securities. Debt Securities may be exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities of such series that are of other authorized denominations. Debt Securities to be exchanged shall be surrendered at any office or agency to be maintained for such purpose by the Company, as provided in Section 5.02, and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor the Debt Security or Debt Securities of authorized denominations which the Debt Security Holder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive. Each agent of the Company appointed pursuant to Section 5.02 as a person authorized to register and register transfer of Debt Securities is sometimes herein referred to as a “Debt Security Registrar.” The Company shall keep, at an office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose, as provided in Section 5.02, a register for each series of Debt Securities hereunder (the registers of all Debt Security Registrars being herein sometimes collectively referred to as the “Debt Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Debt Securities and shall register the transfer of Debt Securities as provided in this Article Three. For avoidance of doubt, there shall only be one Debt Security Register for each series of Debt Securities. At all reasonable times, such Debt Security Register shall be open for inspection by the Trustee and any Debt Security Registrar other than the Trustee. Upon due presentment for registration of transfer of any Debt Security at any such office or agency, the Company shall execute and cause to be registered and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Debt Security or Debt Securities of the same series of authorized denominations for an equal aggregate principal amount. Registration or registration of transfer of any Debt Security by any Debt Security Registrar in the registry books maintained by such Debt Security Registrar, and delivery of such


 
16 Debt Security, duly authenticated, shall be deemed to complete the registration or registration of transfer of such Debt Security. The Trustee is hereby appointed as Debt Security Registrar for each series of Debt Securities. No Person shall at any time be appointed as or act as a Debt Security Registrar unless such Person is at such time empowered under applicable law to act as such and duly registered to act as such under and to the extent required by applicable law and regulations. All Debt Securities presented to a Debt Security Registrar for registration of transfer shall be duly endorsed by, or be accompanied by a written instrument or instruments of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and such Debt Security Registrar duly executed by the registered Holder or such Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing. No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Debt Securities, but the Company or the Trustee may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection therewith. The Company shall not be required to issue, exchange or register a transfer of (a) any Debt Securities of any series for a period of 15 days next preceding the mailing of a notice of redemption of Debt Securities of such series and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of Debt Securities of such series so selected for redemption, or (b) any Debt Securities selected, called or being called for redemption except, in the case of any Debt Security to be redeemed in part, the portion thereof not so to be redeemed. All Debt Securities issued in exchange for or upon registration of transfer of Debt Securities shall be valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Debt Securities surrendered for such exchange or registration of transfer. None of the Trustee, any agent of the Trustee, any paying agent or the Company will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Global Debt Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests or for any actions taken or not taken by the Depositary. The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Debt Security (including any transfers between or among Depositary participants or beneficial owners of interests in any registered Global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof. Section 3.07 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Debt Securities. In case any temporary or definitive Debt Security shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company in its discretion may execute, and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, a new Debt Security, bearing a number, letter or other distinguishing mark not


 
17 contemporaneously Outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Debt Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Debt Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Debt Security shall furnish to the Company and to the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and to the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft, of such Debt Security and of the ownership thereof. In the absence of notice to the Trustee or the Company that such Debt Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Trustee shall authenticate any such substituted Debt Security and deliver the same upon any Company Request. Upon the issuance of any substituted Debt Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses connected therewith. In case any Debt Security which has matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substituted Debt Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Debt Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Company and to the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence satisfactory to the Company and to the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of such Debt Security and of the ownership thereof. Every substituted Debt Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3.07 by virtue of the fact that any Debt Security is destroyed, lost or stolen shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Security shall be found at any time, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Debt Securities duly issued hereunder. All Debt Securities shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Securities and shall preclude (to the extent permitted by law) any and all other rights or remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender. Section 3.08 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved. Interest which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date, on any Debt Security, shall, unless otherwise provided in such Debt Security, be paid to the Person in whose name the Debt Security (or one or more Predecessor Debt Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest. Unless otherwise stated in the form of Debt Security of a series, interest on the Debt Securities of any series shall be computed on the basis of a 360 day year comprised of twelve 30 day months. Any interest on any Debt Security which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in Clause (a) or (b) below:


 
18 (a) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names any such Debt Securities (or their respective Predecessor Debt Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Debt Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon, the Company shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of such Debt Securities, at such Holder’s address as it appears in the Debt Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Debt Securities (or their respective Predecessor Debt Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause (b). (b) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Debt Securities of that series may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee. Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Debt Security delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Debt Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Debt Security. Section 3.09 Persons Deemed Owners. The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name any Debt Security is registered as the owner of such Debt Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 3.08) interest on, such Debt Security and for all other purposes whatsoever whether or not such Debt Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee, nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary. Section 3.10 Cancellation of Debt Securities Paid. All Debt Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer or delivered in satisfaction in whole or in part of any sinking fund obligation shall, if surrendered to the Company or any agent of the Trustee or the Company under this Indenture, be delivered to the Trustee and promptly cancelled by it, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be promptly


 
19 cancelled by it, and no Debt Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Debt Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Debt Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold, and all Debt Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. The Trustee shall dispose of cancelled Debt Securities in accordance with its customary procedures (subject to the record retention requirements of the Exchange Act). The Company may direct the Trustee in writing to deliver a certificate of such cancellation to the Company. Section 3.11 Currency and Manner of Payments. (a) With respect to Debt Securities denominated in Dollars or a Foreign Currency, the following payment provisions shall apply: (1) Except as provided in subparagraph (a)(2) or in paragraph (c) of this Section 3.11, payment of principal of and premium, if any, on any Debt Securities will be made at the offices established pursuant to Section 5.02 by delivery of a check in the currency in which the Debt Security is denominated on the payment date against surrender of such Debt Security, and any interest on any Debt Security will be paid at such office by mailing a check in the currency in which the Debt Securities were issued to the Person entitled thereto at the address of such Person appearing on the Debt Security Register. (2) Payment of the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on such Debt Security may also, subject to applicable laws and regulations and subject to surrender as aforesaid in the case of principal and premium, if any, be made at such other place or places as may be designated by the Company by any appropriate method. (b) Not later than the fourth Business Day after the Regular Record Date for such Interest Payment Date, the paying agent will deliver to the Company a written notice specifying, in the currency in which each series of the Debt Securities are denominated, the respective aggregate amounts of principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the Debt Securities to be made on such payment date, specifying the amounts so payable in respect of the Debt Securities. The failure of the paying agent to deliver such notice shall not relieve the Company from its obligation to make all payments with respect to any Debt Security when due. (c) If the Foreign Currency in which any of the Debt Securities are denominated ceases to be used both by the government of the country which issued such currency and for the settlement of transactions by public institutions of or within the international banking community, then with respect to each date for the payment of Foreign Currency occurring after the last date on which the Foreign Currency was so used (the “Conversion Date”), the Dollar shall be the currency of payment for use on each such Interest Payment Date. The Dollar amount to be paid by the Company to the Trustee and by the Trustee or any paying agent to the Holder of such Debt Securities with respect to such payment date shall be the Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency as determined by the Currency Determination Agent in the manner provided in paragraph (d) below.


 
20 (d) The “Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency” shall be determined by the Currency Determination Agent by converting the specified Foreign Currency into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate as of the Conversion Date. (e) The “Market Exchange Rate” shall mean, for any currency, the highest firm bid quotation for U.S. dollars received by the Currency Determination Agent at approximately 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the second Business Day preceding the applicable payment date (or, if no such rate is quoted on such date, the last date on which such rate was quoted, or under the circumstances described in the foregoing paragraph (c), on the Conversion Date), from three recognized foreign exchange dealers in New York City selected by the Currency Determination Agent and approved by the Company (one of which may be the Currency Determination Agent) for the purchase by the quoting dealer, for settlement on such payment date, of the aggregate amount of such currency payable on such payment in respect of all Notes denominated in such currency. (f) All decisions and determinations of the Currency Determination Agent regarding the Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency and the Market Exchange Rate shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company and all Holders of the Debt Securities. In the event that the Foreign Currency ceases to be used both by the government of the country which issued such currency and for the settlement of transactions by public institutions of or within the international banking community, the Company, after learning thereof, will promptly give notice thereof to the Trustee and the Holders specifying the Conversion Date. (g) The Trustee shall be fully justified and protected in relying on and acting upon the information so received by it from the Company or the Currency Determination Agent and shall not otherwise have any duty or obligation to determine such information independently. (h) If the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on any Debt Securities is payable in a Foreign Currency and such Foreign Currency is not available for payment due to the imposition of exchange controls or other circumstances beyond the control of the Company, then the Company shall be entitled to satisfy its obligations to Holders under this Indenture by making such payment in Dollars on the basis of the Market Exchange Rate for such Foreign Currency on the latest date for which such rate was established on or before the date on which payment is due. Any payment made pursuant to this Section 3.11 in Dollars where the required payment is in a Foreign Currency shall not constitute a default or Event of Default under this Indenture. Section 3.12 CUSIP Numbers. The Company in issuing the Debt Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Debt Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Debt Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any changes in the “CUSIP” numbers.


 
21 ARTICLE 4 REDEMPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES; SINKING FUNDS Section 4.01 Applicability of Article. The Company may reserve the right to redeem and pay before Stated Maturity all or any part of the Debt Securities of any series, either by optional redemption, sinking fund (mandatory or optional) or otherwise, by provision therefor in the form of Debt Security for such series on such terms as are specified in such form or the Board Resolution or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 3.01 or the indenture supplemental hereto as provided in Section 3.01 with respect to Debt Securities of such series. Redemption of Debt Securities of any series shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Debt Securities and, to the extent that this Article does not conflict with such terms, in accordance with this Article. Section 4.02 Notice of Redemption; Selection of Debt Securities. In case the Company shall desire to exercise the right to redeem all, or, as the case may be, any part of a series of Debt Securities pursuant to Section 4.01, the Company shall fix a date for redemption and the Company, or, at the Company’s request, the Trustee in the name of and at the expense of the Company, shall mail a notice of such redemption at least 30 and not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for redemption to the Holders of Debt Securities so to be redeemed as a whole or in part at their last addresses as the same appear on the Debt Security Register, provided, however, that the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least 45 days prior to the Redemption Date (or such shorter period as may be acceptable to the Trustee), an Officers’ Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the next succeeding paragraph. Such mailing shall be by first class mail; provided, however, that so long as the Debt Securities of such series are represented by one or more Global Debt Securities, such notice shall be given in accordance with the procedures of the Depository therefor. The notice if mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the Holder receives such notice. In any case, failure to give such notice by mail or any defect in the notice to the Holder of any Debt Security designated for redemption as a whole or in part shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Debt Security. Notice of redemption shall be given in the name of the Company and shall specify the date fixed for redemption, the Redemption Price at which Debt Securities of any series are to be redeemed, or if not then ascertainable, the manner of calculation thereof, the place of payment (which shall be at the offices or agencies to be maintained by the Company pursuant to Section 5.02), that payment of the Redemption Price will be made upon presentation and surrender of such Debt Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that on and after said date interest thereon or on the portions thereof to be redeemed will cease to accrue, and the Section of this Indenture or the paragraph or section of the Debt Securities pursuant to which Debt Securities will be redeemed. In case less than all Debt Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the notice of redemption shall also identify the particular Debt Securities to be redeemed as a whole or in part and shall state that the redemption is for the sinking fund, if such is the case. In case any Debt Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed and shall state that on and after the date fixed for redemption, upon surrender of such


 
22 Debt Security, a new Debt Security or Debt Securities of such series in aggregate principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued without charge to the Holder. If Debt Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee notice, at least 45 days (or such shorter period acceptable to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption, as to the aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities to be redeemed and as to the date fixed for redemption. Debt Securities may be redeemed in part in multiples equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Debt Securities of such series or any multiple thereof. Thereupon the Trustee shall select, in such manner as in its sole discretion it shall deem appropriate and fair, the Debt Securities or portions thereof to be redeemed, and shall as promptly as practicable notify the Company of the Debt Securities or portions thereof so selected; provided, however, if the Debt Securities of such series are represented by one or more Global Debt Securities, interests in such Debt Securities shall be selected for redemption by the Depository therefor in accordance with its customary procedures and the Trustee shall have no responsibilities with respect to such selection. For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Debt Securities of any series shall relate, in the case of any Debt Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Debt Security which has been or is to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Debt Securities (a) prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Debt Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, or (b) pursuant to an election of the Company which is subject to a condition specified in the terms of such Debt Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction or condition. On or prior to 11:00 AM New York City time on the date fixed for redemption specified in the notice of redemption given as provided in this Section 4.02, the Company will deposit with the Trustee or with the paying agent an amount of money in the currency in which the Debt Securities of such series are payable sufficient to redeem on the date fixed for redemption all the Debt Securities so called for redemption at the appropriate Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. The Trustee shall not mail any notice of redemption of any series of Debt Securities during the continuation of any default in payment of interest on any series of Debt Securities when due or of any Event of Default, except that where notice of redemption with respect to any series of Debt Securities shall have been mailed prior to the occurrence of such default or Event of Default, the Trustee shall redeem such Debt Securities provided funds are deposited with it for such purpose. Section 4.03 Payment of Debt Securities Called for Redemption. If notice of redemption has been given as herein provided, the Debt Securities or portions of Debt Securities with respect to which such notice has been given shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable Redemption Price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption, and on and after said date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of such Debt Securities or portions thereof at the Redemption Price, together with interest accrued to said date) interest on the Debt Securities or portions of Debt Securities so called for redemption shall cease to accrue, and such Debt Securities and portions of Debt Securities shall be deemed not to be Outstanding hereunder and shall not be entitled to


 
23 any benefit under this Indenture except to receive payment of the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. On presentation and surrender of such Debt Securities at the place of payment in said notice specified, the said Debt Securities or the specified portions thereof shall be paid and redeemed by the Company at the applicable Redemption Price, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption; provided, however, that any installments of interest becoming due on or prior to the date fixed for redemption shall be payable to the Holders of such Debt Securities, or one or more previous Debt Securities evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Debt Securities, registered as such on the relevant record dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.08. Upon presentation and surrender of any Debt Security redeemed in part only, with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or such Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Debt Security or Debt Securities of the same series having the same interest rate and Stated Maturity and bearing interest from the same date, of any authorized denominations as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Debt Security so presented and surrendered. Section 4.04 Exclusion of Certain Debt Securities from Eligibility for Selection for Redemption. Debt Securities shall be excluded from eligibility for selection for redemption if they are identified by registration and certificate number in a written statement signed by a Responsible Officer of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at least 45 days prior to the last date on which notice of redemption may be given as being owned of record and beneficially by, and not pledged or hypothecated by, either (a) the Company or (b) an entity specifically identified in such written statement as directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company. Section 4.05 Provisions with Respect to any Sinking Funds. Unless the form or terms of any series of Debt Securities shall provide otherwise, in lieu of making all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment with respect to such series of Debt Securities in cash, the Company may at its option (a) deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Debt Securities of such series theretofore acquired by the Company, or (b) receive credit for any Debt Securities of such series (not previously so credited) acquired by the Company and theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or redeemed pursuant to provisions for an optional redemption or optional sinking fund redemption, then Debt Securities so delivered or credited shall be credited at the applicable sinking fund Redemption Price with respect to the Debt Securities of such series. On or before the 45th day next preceding each sinking fund Redemption Date, the Company will deliver to the Trustee a certificate signed by the Chief Financial Officer, any Vice President, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer of the Company specifying (i) the portion of the mandatory sinking fund payment to be satisfied by deposit of cash in the currency in which the Debt Securities of such series are payable, by delivery of Debt Securities theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company (which Debt Securities shall accompany such


 
24 certificate) and by credit for Debt Securities acquired by the Company and theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or redeemed by the Company pursuant to provisions for optional redemption or optional sinking fund redemption and stating that the credit to be applied has not theretofore been so applied and the basis for such credit and (ii) whether the Company intends to exercise its right, if any, to make an optional sinking fund payment, and, if so, the amount thereof. Such certificate shall also state that no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing. Such certificate shall be irrevocable, and upon its delivery, the Company shall be obligated to make the payment or payments therein referred to, if any, on or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment date. In case of the failure of the Company on or before the 45th day next preceding each sinking fund Redemption Date to deliver such certificate (or to deliver the Debt Securities specified in this paragraph), the sinking fund payment due on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date shall be paid entirely in cash (in the currency described above) and shall be sufficient to redeem the principal amount of Debt Securities as a mandatory sinking fund payment, without the option to deliver or credit Debt Securities as provided in the first paragraph of this Section 4.05 and without the right to make an optional sinking fund payment as provided herein. If the sinking fund payment or payments (mandatory or optional) with respect to any series of Debt Securities made in cash (in the currency described above) shall exceed the minimum authorized denomination set forth in an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to Section 3.01 or the equivalent in the currency in which the Debt Securities of such series are payable (or a lesser sum if the Company shall so request), unless otherwise provided by the terms of such series of Debt Securities, said cash shall be applied by the Trustee on the sinking fund Redemption Date with respect to Debt Securities of such series at the applicable sinking fund Redemption Price with respect to Debt Securities of such series, together with accrued interest, if any, to the date fixed for redemption, with the effect provided in Section 4.03. The Trustee shall select, in the manner provided in Section 4.02, for redemption on such sinking fund Redemption Date a sufficient principal amount of Debt Securities of such series to utilize said cash and shall thereupon cause notice of redemption of the Debt Securities of such series for the sinking fund to be given in the manner provided in Section 4.02 (and with the effect provided in Section 4.03) for the redemption of Debt Securities in part at the option of the Company. Debt Securities of any series which are identified by registration and certificate number in an Officers’ Certificate at least 45 days prior to the sinking fund Redemption Date as being beneficially owned by, and not pledged or hypothecated by, the Company or an entity directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company shall be excluded from Debt Securities of such series eligible for selection for redemption. Any sinking fund moneys not so applied or allocated by the Trustee to the redemption of Debt Securities of such series shall be added to the next cash sinking fund payment with respect to Debt Securities of such series received by the Trustee and, together with such payment, shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of this Section 4.05. Any and all sinking fund moneys with respect to Debt Securities of any series held by the Trustee at the maturity of Debt Securities of such series, and not held for the payment or redemption of particular Debt Securities of such series, shall be applied by the Trustee, together with other moneys, if necessary, to be deposited sufficient for the purpose, to the payment of the principal of the Debt Securities of such series at maturity.


 
25 The Trustee shall not convert any currency in which the Debt Securities of such series are payable for the purposes of such sinking fund application unless a Company Request is made, and any such conversion agreed to by the Trustee in response to such request shall be for the account and at the expense of the Company and shall not affect the Company’s obligation to pay the Holders in the currency to which such Holder is entitled. On or before each sinking fund Redemption Date provided with respect to Debt Securities of any series, the Company shall pay to the Trustee in cash in the currency described above a sum equal to all accrued interest, if any, to the date fixed for redemption on Debt Securities to be redeemed on such sinking fund Redemption Date pursuant to this Section 4.05. ARTICLE 5 PARTICULAR COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY Section 5.01 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid (in the currency in which the Debt Securities of such series are payable) the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on each of the Debt Securities at the place (subject to Section 3.03), at the respective times and in the manner provided in each series of Debt Securities and in this Indenture. Section 5.02 Offices for Notices and Payments. (a) So long as the Debt Securities of any series remain Outstanding, the Company will maintain at the Place of Payment, an office or agency where the Debt Securities may be presented for payment, an office or agency where the Debt Securities may be presented for registration of transfer and for exchange as provided in this Indenture, and an office or agency where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Debt Securities or of this Indenture may be served and shall give the Trustee written notice thereof and any changes in the location thereof. In case the Company shall at any time fail to maintain any such office or agency, or shall fail to give notice to the Trustee of any change in the location thereof, presentation and demand may be made and notice may be served in respect of the Debt Securities or of this Indenture at said office of the Trustee. The Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent for all of the foregoing purposes with respect to the Debt Securities of each series; provided that the Trustee and the Corporate Trust Office shall not be an office or agency of the Company for the purposes of service of legal process on the Company. (b) In addition to the office or agency maintained by the Company pursuant to Section 5.02(a), the Company may from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Debt Securities may be presented for payment and presented for registration of transfer and for exchange in the manner provided in this Indenture, and the Company may from time to time rescind such designations, as the Company may deem desirable or expedient; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain such office and agency at the Place of Payment, for the purposes abovementioned. The Company will give to the Trustee prompt written notice of (i) any such designation or rescission thereof, and (ii) the location of any such office or agency outside the Place of Payment and of any change of location thereof. Section 5.03 Appointments to Fill Vacancies in Trustee’s Office. The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner


 
26 provided in Section 8.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to each series of Debt Securities hereunder. Section 5.04 Provisions as to Paying Agent. (a) (1) Whenever the Company shall have one or more paying agents for any series of Debt Securities other than the Trustee, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Debt Securities of such series, deposit with a paying agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount becoming due, such sum to be held as provided by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. (2) The Company will cause each paying agent other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such paying agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such paying agent will: (i) comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 applicable to it as a paying agent and (ii) during the continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon any series of Debt Securities) in the making of any payment in respect of the Debt Securities of such series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such paying agent as such. (b) If the Company shall act as its own paying agent, it will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of and premium, if any, or interest on Debt Securities of any series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Holders of such Debt Securities a sum sufficient to pay such principal and premium, if any, or interest so becoming due and will notify the Trustee of any failure to take such action and of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor on such series of Debt Securities) to make any payment of the principal of and premium, if any, or interest on the Debt Securities when the same shall become due and payable. (c) Anything in this Section 5.04 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company may, at any time, for the purpose of obtaining a satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to any or all series of Debt Securities then Outstanding, or for any other reason, pay or cause to be paid to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company, or any paying agent hereunder, as required by this Section 5.04, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the trusts herein contained. (d) Anything in this Section 5.04 to the contrary notwithstanding, the agreement to hold sums in trust provided in this Section 5.04 is subject to Section 13.04. Section 5.05 Certificate to Trustee. So long as the Debt Securities of any series remain Outstanding, the Company will deliver to the Trustee on or before 120 days after the end of each fiscal year an Officers’ Certificate stating that such officer has reviewed the covenants of the Indenture with respect to each outstanding series of Debt Securities and, in the course of the performance by the signers of their duties as officers of the Company, they would normally have knowledge of any default by the Company in the performance or fulfillment or observance of any covenants or agreements contained herein during the preceding fiscal year, stating whether or not they have knowledge of any such default and, if so, specifying each such default of which the signers have knowledge and the nature thereof. The Officers’ Certificate need not comply


 
27 with Section 15.05. One of the signatories to this Officers’ Certificate shall be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer. The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, as soon as possible and in any event within five (5) days after the Company becomes aware of the occurrence of any Event of Default or an event which, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute an Event of Default, an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the details of such Event of Default or default and the action which the Company proposes to take with respect thereto. Section 5.06 Waivers of Covenants. Anything in this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company may fail or omit, in respect of any series of Debt Securities, and in any particular instance, to comply with a covenant, agreement or condition contained in Section 5.05 (unless required to be complied with pursuant to Section 314(a)(4) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939), or with any additional covenant, agreement or condition contained in a Board Resolution or Officers’ Certificate establishing such series of Debt Securities, any indenture supplemental hereto applicable to such series or any Debt Security of such series (unless such Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate, or supplemental indenture provides otherwise) if the Company shall have obtained and filed with the Trustee before or after the time for such compliance the consent in writing of the Holders of more than 50% in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities of the series affected by such waiver at the time Outstanding, either waiving such compliance in such instance or generally waiving compliance with such covenant or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect any obligation not expressly waived nor impair any right consequent thereon and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such covenant or condition shall remain in full force and effect. ARTICLE 6 HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE Section 6.01 Holders’ Lists. The Company covenants and agrees that it will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee, not more than 10 days after each Regular Record Date with respect to the Debt Securities of any series, and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after receipt by the Company of any such request, a list in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such information is furnished; provided, however, that no such list with respect to any particular series of Debt Securities need be furnished at any such time if the Trustee is in possession thereof by reason of its acting as the Debt Security Registrar for such series designated under Section 3.06 or otherwise. Section 6.02 Preservation and Disclosure of Lists. (a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the Holders of Debt Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 6.01 or received by the Trustee in the capacity of the Debt Security Registrar (if so acting) under Section 3.06. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 6.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished. (b) The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Debt Securities of any series or of all Debt


 
28 Securities, and the corresponding rights and duties of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. (c) Every Holder of Debt Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any disclosure of information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. Section 6.03 Reports by the Company. The Company agrees to file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 at the times and in the manner provided pursuant to such Act; provided that any such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is so required to be filed with the Commission; provided further that any such information, documents or reports filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (or EDGAR) system or any successor thereto shall be deemed to be filed with the Trustee. Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates). Section 6.04 Reports by the Trustee. (a) The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto. The interval between transmissions of reports to be transmitted at intervals shall be twelve months or such shorter time required by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. If the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 does not specify the date on which a report is due, such report shall be due on April 15 of each year following the first issuance of Debt Securities and shall be as of a date not more than sixty (60) days prior thereto. (b) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which Debt Securities of any series are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company will notify the Trustee when the Debt Securities of any series are listed on any stock exchange and of any delisting thereof. ARTICLE 7 REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND HOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT Section 7.01 Events of Default. “Event of Default”, with respect to any series of Debt Securities, wherever used herein, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body), unless such event is either inapplicable to such series or it is specifically deleted or modified in the Board Resolution, Officers’


 
29 Certificate or supplemental indenture under which such series of Debt Securities is issued or in the form of Debt Security for such series: (a) default in the payment of any installment of interest upon any Debt Security of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; (b) default in the payment of the principal of and premium, if any, on any Debt Security of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable either at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration of acceleration or otherwise; (c) default in the payment or satisfaction of any sinking fund payment or analogous obligation, if any, with respect to the Debt Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable by the terms of the Debt Securities of such series, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; (d) failure on the part of the Company duly to observe or perform any of the covenants, warranties or agreements on the part of the Company in respect of the Debt Securities of such series in this Indenture (other than a covenant, warranty or agreement a default in whose performance or whose breach is specifically dealt with elsewhere in this Section) continued for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, specifying such failure and requiring the same to be remedied, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series; (e) if any event of default as defined in any mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued, or by which there may be secured or evidenced, any indebtedness of the Company, whether such indebtedness now exists or is hereafter created or incurred, happens and consists of default in the payment of more than $25,000,000 in principal amount of such indebtedness at the maturity thereof, after giving effect to any applicable grace period, or results in such Indebtedness in principal amount in excess of $25,000,000 becoming or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise become due and payable, and such default is not cured or such acceleration is not rescinded or annulled within a period of 30 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, specifying such failure and requiring the same to be remedied, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series; (f) the failure by the Company within 60 days to pay, bond or otherwise discharge any uninsured judgment or court order for the payment of money in excess of $25,000,000, which is not stayed on appeal or is not otherwise being appropriately contested in good faith; (g) a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been entered adjudging the Company bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization of the Company under the Federal bankruptcy laws or any other similar applicable Federal or state law, and such decree or order shall have continued


 
30 undischarged and unstayed for a period of 60 days; or a decree or order of a court having jurisdiction in the premises for the appointment of a receiver or liquidator or trustee or assignee or other similar official in bankruptcy or insolvency of the Company or of all or substantially all of its property, or for the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, shall have been entered, and such decree or order shall have continued undischarged and unstayed for a period of 60 days; (h) the Company shall institute proceedings to be adjudicated voluntarily bankrupt, or shall consent to the filing of a bankruptcy proceeding against it, or shall file a petition or answer or consent seeking an arrangement or a reorganization under the Federal bankruptcy laws or any other similar applicable Federal or state law, or shall consent to the filing of any such petition, or shall consent to the appointment of a receiver or liquidator or trustee or assignee or other similar official in bankruptcy or insolvency of it or of all or substantially all of its property, or shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due; or (i) any other Event of Default provided in the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or the supplemental indenture under which such series of Debt Securities is issued or in the form of Debt Security for such series; then and in each and every such case, so long as such Event of Default with respect to any series of Debt Securities for which there are Debt Securities Outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (g) or (h) of this Section 7.01) and shall not have been remedied or waived to the extent permitted by the terms of this Indenture, unless the principal of all of the Debt Securities of such series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), may declare the principal (or, if the Debt Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Debt Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all the Debt Securities of such series and the interest accrued thereon to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable, anything in this Indenture or in the Debt Securities of such series contained to the contrary notwithstanding. If an Event of Default specified in clause (g) or (h) of this Section 7.01 occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of (or, if the Debt Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Debt Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms thereof as due and payable upon acceleration) and any accrued and unpaid interest on that series shall immediately become due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. This provision, however, is subject to the condition that if, at any time after the principal of the Debt Securities of such series shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the Company shall pay or shall deposit with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay in the currency in which the Debt Securities of such series are payable all matured installments of interest upon all of the Debt Securities and the principal of and premium, if any, on any and all Debt Securities of such series which shall have become due otherwise than by such declaration (with interest on overdue installments of interest to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law and on such principal and premium, if any, at the rate borne by the Debt Securities of such series or as otherwise provided in the form of Debt


 
31 Security for such series, to the date of such payment or deposit) and all amounts due to the Trustee under Section 8.06, or provision deemed by the Trustee to be adequate shall have been made therefor, and any and all defaults under this Indenture, other than the nonpayment of principal of and accrued interest on Debt Securities of such series which shall have become due by such declaration, shall have been cured or shall have been waived in accordance with Section 7.07—then and in every such case the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities of such series then Outstanding, by written notice to the Company and to the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences; but no such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default, or shall impair any right consequent thereon. In case the Trustee or any Holders shall have proceeded to enforce any right under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission and annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored respectively to their several positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been taken. Section 7.02 Payment of Debt Securities Upon Default; Suit Therefor. The Company covenants that (a) in case default shall be made in the payment of any installment of interest upon any Debt Security of any series as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 30 days, or (b) in case default shall be made in the payment of the principal of and premium, if any, on any Debt Security of any series as and when the same shall have become due and payable, whether at maturity of the Debt Security or upon redemption or by declaration or otherwise or (c) in case default shall be made in the making or satisfaction of any sinking fund payment or analogous obligation with respect to the Debt Securities of any series when the same becomes due by the terms of the Debt Securities of any series, and such default shall have continued for a period of 30 days—then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of any such series, the whole amount that then shall have become due and payable on any such Debt Securities for principal and premium, if any, or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal and premium, if any, and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon the overdue installments of interest at the rate borne by the Debt Securities of such series or as otherwise provided in the form of Debt Security of such series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including reasonable compensation to the Trustee, its agents, attorneys and counsel, and any expenses or liabilities incurred and advances made by the Trustee, except compensation or advances arising, or expenses or liabilities incurred, as a result of the Trustee’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. Until such demand is made by the Trustee, the Company may pay the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the Debt Securities of any series to the Persons entitled thereto, whether or not the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the Debt Securities of such series are overdue.


 
32 In case the Company shall fail forthwith to pay such amounts upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any actions or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Company or any other obligor on such Debt Securities and collect, in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor on such Debt Securities wherever situated, the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable. If any Event of Default with respect to any series of Debt Securities occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. In case there shall be pending proceedings for the bankruptcy or for the reorganization of the Company or any other obligor on the Debt Securities of any series under the Federal bankruptcy laws or any other applicable law, or in case a receiver or trustee shall have been appointed for the property of the Company or such other obligor, or in the case of any other similar judicial proceedings relative to the Company or other obligor upon the Debt Securities of any series, or to the creditors or property of the Company or such other obligor, the Trustee, irrespective of whether the principal of the Debt Securities of such series shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand pursuant to the provisions of this Section 7.02, shall be entitled and empowered by intervention in such proceedings or otherwise, (a) to file and prove a claim or claims for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Debt Securities of such series, and, in case of any judicial proceedings, to file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the Holders of the Debt Securities of such series allowed in such judicial proceedings relative to the Company or any other obligor on such Debt Securities, its or their creditors, or its or their property, (b) unless prohibited by applicable law and regulations, to vote on behalf of the Holders of any Debt Securities of any series in any election of a trustee or a standby trustee in arrangement, reorganization, liquidation or other bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings or person performing similar functions in comparable proceedings, and (c) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims, and to distribute the same after the deduction of its charges and expenses; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the Holders of the Debt Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Holders, to pay to the Trustee such amount as shall be sufficient to cover reasonable compensation to the Trustee, its agents, attorneys and counsel, and all other expenses and liabilities incurred and advances made by the Trustee except compensation or advances arising, or expenses or liabilities incurred, as a result of the Trustee’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept, or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan or reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Debt Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder (except, as aforesaid, for the


 
33 election of a trustee in bankruptcy or other Person performing similar functions) in any such proceeding. All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the Debt Securities of any series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Debt Securities, or the production thereof on any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Debt Securities of such series in respect of which such judgment has been recovered. In any proceedings brought by the Trustee (and also any proceedings involving the interpretation of any provision of this Indenture to which the Trustee shall be a party), the Trustee shall be held to represent all the Holders of the Debt Securities in respect to which such action was taken, and it shall not be necessary to make any Holders of such Debt Securities parties to any such proceedings. Section 7.03 Application of Moneys Collected by Trustee. Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to Section 7.02 and any other money or property distributed in respect of the Company’s obligations under this Indenture after an Event of Default shall be applied in the order following, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee for the distribution of such moneys, upon presentation of the Debt Securities of such series, and stamping thereon the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof, if fully paid: FIRST: To the payment of costs and expenses of collection and reasonable compensation to the Trustee, its agents, attorneys and counsel, and of all other expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee except compensation or advances arising, or expenses or liabilities incurred, as a result of its gross negligence or willful misconduct, and any other amounts owing the Trustee under Section 8.06; SECOND: In case the principal of the Debt Securities of such series shall not have become due and be unpaid, to the payment of interest on such Debt Securities, in the order of the maturity of the installments of such interest, with interest (to the extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee) upon the overdue installments of interest at the rate borne by such Debt Securities, such payments to be made ratable to the Persons entitled thereto; THIRD: In case the principal of the Debt Securities of such series shall have become due, by declaration or otherwise, to the payment of the whole amount then owing and unpaid upon such Debt Securities for principal and premium, if any, and interest, with interest on the overdue principal and premium, if any, and (to the extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate borne by such Debt Securities; and in case such moneys shall be insufficient to pay in full the whole amounts so due and unpaid upon such Debt Securities, then, to the payment of such principal and premium, if any, and interest without preference or priority of principal and premium, if any, over interest, or of interest over principal and premium, if any, or of any installment of interest over any other installment of interest, or of any Debt Security of such series over any other such Debt Security, ratably to the aggregate of such principal and premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest;


 
34 FOURTH: To the payment of any surplus then remaining to the Company, its successors or assigns, or to whomsoever may be lawfully entitled to receive the same. Section 7.04 Proceedings by Holders. No Holder of any Debt Security of any series shall have any right by virtue of or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at law or in bankruptcy or otherwise upon, under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless such Holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of default and of the continuance thereof, as hereinbefore provided, and unless also the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder and shall have offered to (and if requested, provided to) the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby, and the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have neglected or refused to institute any such action, suit or proceeding (and no direction inconsistent with such written request shall have been given to the Trustee pursuant to Section 7.07), it being understood and intended, and being expressly covenanted by the taker and Holder of every Debt Security of every series with every other taker and Holder and the Trustee, that no one or more Holders of Debt Securities shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holder of such Debt Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such Holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all Holders of Debt Securities. Section 7.05 Proceedings by Trustee. In case of an Event of Default hereunder the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either by suit in equity or by action at law or by proceeding in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law. Section 7.06 Remedies Cumulative and Continuing. All powers and remedies given by this Article Seven to the Trustee or to the Holders shall, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any thereof or of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the Holders, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture, and no delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder to exercise any right or power accruing upon any default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 7.04, every power and remedy given by this Article Seven or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders.


 
35 Section 7.07 Direction of Proceedings and Waiver of Defaults by Majority of Holders. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series by this Indenture; provided, however, that the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if (a) the Trustee shall determine upon advice of counsel that the action or proceeding so directed may not lawfully be taken or (b) if the Trustee in good faith shall determine that the action or proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability or (c) if the Trustee in good faith shall so determine that the actions or forbearances specified in or pursuant to such direction would be unduly prejudicial to the interests of Holders of the Debt Securities of all series not joining in the giving of said directions, it being understood that the Trustee shall have no duty to ascertain whether or not such actions or forbearances are duly prejudicial to such Holders or (d) if the Holders of Debt Securities have not provided to the Trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense that may be incurred in connection with taking such action or forbearance. The Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee not inconsistent with such direction. Subject to Section 7.01, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Debt Securities of such series waive any past default or Event of Default hereunder and its consequences except a default in the payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on such Debt Securities, or a default in the making of any sinking fund payment with respect to such Debt Securities. Upon any such waiver, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of such Debt Securities shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon. Whenever any default or Event of Default shall have been waived as permitted by this Section 7.07, said default or Event of Default shall for all purposes of the Debt Securities and this Indenture be deemed to have been cured and to be not continuing. This Section 7.07 shall be in lieu of Sections 316(a)(1)(A) and 316(a)(1)(B) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and such Sections 316(a)(1)(A) and 316(a)(1)(B) are hereby expressly excluded from this Indenture, as permitted by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. Section 7.08 Notice of Defaults. Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee hereunder with respect to the Debt Securities of any series, the Trustee shall transmit by first-class by mail, postage prepaid (or in the case of Global Debt Securities, electronically in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary), to all Holders of Debt Securities of such series, as their names and addresses appear in the Debt Security Register, notice of such default hereunder known to the Trustee, unless such default shall have been cured or waived; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Debt Security of such series or in the payment of any sinking fund installment with respect to Debt Securities of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series; and provided, further, that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 7.01(c) with respect to Debt Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 60 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this


 
36 Section, the term “default” means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to Debt Securities of such series. Section 7.09 Undertaking to Pay Costs. In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs against any such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939; provided that neither this Section nor the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to make such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Company or the Trustee, and any provision of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 to such effect is hereby expressly excluded from this Indenture, as permitted by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. Section 7.10 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Debt Security shall have the rights, which are absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 3.08) interest on such Debt Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Debt Security (or in the case of redemption or repayment, on the date for redemption or repayment, as the case may be) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder. ARTICLE 8 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE Section 8.01 Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee. (a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default with respect to a particular series and after the curing or waiving of all Events of Default which may have occurred with respect to such series, (1) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee and (2) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture, but in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein). (b) In case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs.


 
37 (c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that: (1) this Subsection (c) shall not be construed to limit the effect of Subsection (a) of this Section 8.01; (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; (3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of any series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Debt Securities of such series; and no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. (d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section 8.01. Section 8.02 Reliance on Documents, Opinions. Subject to the provisions of Section 8.01, (a) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, debenture, note or other paper document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; (b) any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by Company Request or Company Order (unless otherwise evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed); and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be evidenced to the Trustee by a copy thereof certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company; (c) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and reliance thereon; (d) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders, pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have provided to the Trustee security


 
38 or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction; (e) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture; (f) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, debenture, note, or other paper or document, unless requested in writing to do so by the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of such Debt Securities then Outstanding; provided, however, that the reasonable expenses of every such investigation shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand; and provided, further, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding; (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys, and the Trustee shall not be liable or responsible for any misconduct, bad faith or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder; (h) the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice or be charged with knowledge of any default or Event of Default unless written notice of such default or Event of Default from the Company or any Holder is received by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Debt Securities and this Indenture; (i) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder; (j) the permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated herein shall not be construed as duties; (k) in no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect, punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action; (l) the Trustee may request that the Company deliver an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which Officers’ Certificate may be signed by any person authorized to sign an Officers’ Certificate, including any person specified as so authorized in any such certificate previously delivered and not superseded;


 
39 (m) in no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances; and (n) the Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers and duties hereunder. Section 8.03 No Responsibility for Recitals. The recitals contained herein and in the Debt Securities (except in the Trustee’s certificate of authentication) shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the same. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Debt Securities of any series. The Trustee represents that it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture. Neither the Trustee nor the Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any Debt Securities or the proceeds of any Debt Securities authenticated and delivered by the Trustee hereunder. Section 8.04 Trustee and Agents May Own Debt Securities. The Trustee, any paying agent, or any agent of the Trustee or the Company under this Indenture, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Debt Securities of any series with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee or such agent and, subject to Sections 8.08 and 8.13, if operative, may otherwise deal with the Company and receive, collect, hold, and retain collections from the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not the Trustee or such agent. Section 8.05 Moneys to be Held in Trust. Subject to the provisions of Section 13.04, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. Neither the Trustee nor any paying agent shall be under any liability for interest on, or to invest, any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon. So long as no Event of Default with respect to the Debt Securities of any series shall have occurred and be continuing, all interest allowed on any such moneys shall be paid from time to time upon the receipt of a Company Order. Section 8.06 Compensation and Expenses of Trustee. The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to time, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust), and the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and all persons not regularly in its employ and any amounts paid by the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent pursuant to Section 8.14) except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its gross negligence or willful misconduct. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it


 
40 harmless against, any loss, damage, claim, liability or expense incurred without gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in connection with this Indenture, including the acceptance or administration of this trust, or the performance of its duties hereunder, including the current payment of all costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises. The obligations of the Company under this Section 8.06 to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder. Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the Debt Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the Holders of particular Debt Securities. In addition to, but without prejudice to its other rights under this indenture or available to the Trustee under applicable law, when the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 7.01(g) or Section 7.01(h), the expenses (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law. “Trustee” for purposes of this Section shall include any predecessor Trustee; provided, however, that the negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith of any Trustee hereunder shall not affect the rights of any other Trustee hereunder. The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Indenture, the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and the resignation or removal of the Trustee. Section 8.07 Officers’ Certificate as Evidence. Subject to the provisions of Section 8.01, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or omitting any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officers’ Certificate conforming to the requirements of this Indenture delivered to the Trustee, and such Certificate, in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof. Section 8.08 Conflicting Interest of Trustee. If the Trustee has or shall acquire any conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Trustee shall either eliminate such conflicting interest or resign in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and this Indenture. Section 8.09 Eligibility of Trustee. There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to each series of Debt Securities hereunder which shall be a Person organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia authorized under such laws to exercise trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000, subject to supervision or examination by Federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority and willing to act as Trustee hereunder. If such Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section 8.09, the combined capital and


 
41 surplus of such Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. In case at any time the Trustee with respect to any series of Debt Securities shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 8.09, such Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 8.10. Section 8.10 Resignation or Removal of Trustee. (a) The Trustee may at any time resign with respect to any series of Debt Securities by giving written notice by first class mail of such resignation to the Company and to the Holders of such series of Debt Securities at their addresses as they shall appear on the Debt Security Register. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee with respect to such series shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 45 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation to the Holders, the resigning Trustee may, at the expense of the Company, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee, or any Holder of such series of Debt Securities who has been a bona fide Holder of a Debt Security or Debt Securities of such series for at least six months may, subject to the provisions of Section 7.09, on behalf of such Holder and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to such series. Such court may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint such successor trustee. (b) In case at any time any of the following shall occur: (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 8.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Debt Security or Debt Securities of such series for at least six months, unless the Trustee’s duty to resign is stayed in accordance with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939; (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 8.09 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder of a Debt Security of such series; or (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting with respect to any series of Debt Securities, or shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation; then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to such series and appoint a successor trustee for such series by Company Order, one copy of which Company Order shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or, subject to the provisions of Section 7.09, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Debt Security or Debt Securities of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of such Holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to such series. Such court


 
42 may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove such Trustee and appoint such successor trustee. (c) The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of any series may at any time remove the Trustee with respect to such series by delivering to the Trustee so removed, to the successor trustee so appointed and to the Company the evidence provided for in Section 9.01 of the action in that regard taken by the Holders, and nominate a successor Trustee which shall be deemed appointed as successor Trustee unless within ten days after such nomination the Company objects thereto, in which case the Trustee so removed or any Holder of a Debt Security or Debt Securities of such series, upon the terms and conditions and otherwise as in subsection (a) of this Section 8.10 provided, may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for an appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to such series. (d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee with respect to all or any series of Debt Securities and any appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section 8.10 shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee as provided in Section 8.11. Section 8.11 Acceptance by Successor Trustee. Any successor Trustee appointed as provided in Section 8.10 shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to its predecessor Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the predecessor Trustee shall become effective with respect to all or any series as to which it is resigning as Trustee, and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, duties and obligations of its predecessor hereunder with respect to all or any such series, with like effect as if originally named as Trustee herein with respect to all or any such series; nevertheless, on the written request of the Company or of the successor Trustee, the Trustee ceasing to act shall, upon payment of any amounts then due it pursuant to the provisions of Section 8.06, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights and powers of the Trustee with respect to all or any such series so ceasing to act. Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments in writing for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights and powers. Any Trustee ceasing to act shall, nevertheless, retain a lien upon all property or funds held or collected by such Trustee with respect to all or any series as to which it is ceasing to act as Trustee, to secure any amounts, including indemnities, then due it pursuant to the provisions of Section 8.06. No successor Trustee shall accept appointment as provided in this Section 8.11 unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 8.08 and eligible under the provisions of Section 8.09. Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor Trustee with respect to all or any series of Debt Securities as provided in this Section 8.11, the Company shall mail notice of the succession of such Trustee hereunder to the Holders of Debt Securities of such series at their addresses as they shall appear on the Debt Security Register. If the Company fails to mail such


 
43 notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee, the successor Trustee shall cause such notice to be mailed at the expense of the Company. In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of any applicable series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto which shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of any series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be Trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee. Section 8.12 Succession by Merger. Subject to Sections 8.08 and 8.09, any Person into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case at the time any successor to the Trustee by merger, conversion or consolidation shall succeed to the trusts created by this Indenture any of the Debt Securities shall have been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to the Trustee may adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Trustee, and deliver such Debt Securities so authenticated; and in case at that time any of the Debt Securities shall not have been authenticated, any such successor to the Trustee may authenticate such Debt Securities either in the name of the predecessor Trustee or such successor Trustee; and in all such cases such certificate shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the Debt Securities or in this Indenture provided that the certificate of the Trustee shall have. Section 8.13 Limitation on Rights of Trustee as a Creditor. If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or any other obligor upon the Debt Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 regarding the collection of claims against the Company (or any such other obligor). Section 8.14 Authenticating Agents. There may be an Authenticating Agent or Authenticating Agents appointed by the Trustee from time to time with power to act on its behalf and subject to its direction in the authentication and delivery of any series of Debt Securities issued upon original issuance, exchange, transfer or redemption thereof as fully to all intents and purposes as though such Authenticating Agent (or Authenticating Agents) had been expressly authorized to authenticate and deliver such Debt Securities, and Debt Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as though authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. For all purposes of this Indenture, the authentication and delivery of Debt Securities by any Authenticating Agent pursuant to this


 
44 Section 8.14 shall be deemed to be the authentication and delivery of such Debt Securities “by the Trustee”, and whenever this Indenture provides that “the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver” Debt Securities or that Debt Securities “shall have been authenticated and delivered by the Trustee”, such authentication and delivery by any Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be authentication and delivery by the Trustee. Any such Authenticating Agent shall at all times be a Person organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any state or territory thereof or the District of Columbia, with a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 and authorized under such laws to act as an authenticating agent, duly registered to act as such, if and to the extent required by applicable law and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or state authority. If such Person publishes reports of its condition at least annually pursuant to law or the requirements of such authority, then for the purposes of this Section 8.14 the combined capital and surplus of such Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 8.14, or to be duly registered if and to the extent required by applicable law and regulations, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect herein specified in this Section 8.14. Whenever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Debt Securities of any series by the Trustee or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by its Authenticating Agent appointed with respect to the Debt Securities of such series and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by its Authenticating Agent appointed with respect to the Debt Securities of such series. Any Person into which any Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger, consolidation or conversion to which any Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to the authenticating agency business of any Authenticating Agent, shall be the successor of such Authenticating Agent hereunder, if such successor Person is otherwise eligible under this Section 8.14, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the parties hereto or such Authenticating Agent or such successor Person. In case at the time such successor to any such agency shall succeed to such agency any of the Debt Securities shall have been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to such Authenticating Agent may adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Authenticating Agent and deliver such Debt Securities so authenticated; and in case at that time any of the Debt Securities shall not have been authenticated, any successor to any Authenticating Agent may authenticate such Debt Securities either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or in the name of the successor Authenticating Agent; and in all cases such certificate shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the Debt Securities or in this Indenture provided that the certificate of the predecessor Authenticating Agent shall have such force; provided, however, that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Authenticating Agent or to authenticate Debt Securities in the name of any predecessor Authenticating Agent shall apply only to its successor or successors by merger, conversion or consolidation.


 
45 Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign as Authenticating Agent with respect to any series of Debt Securities by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent with respect to any series of Debt Securities by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible under this Section 8.14, the Trustee may, and shall, upon request of the Company, promptly use its best efforts to appoint a successor Authenticating Agent. Upon the appointment, at any time after the original issuance of any of the Debt Securities, of any successor, additional or new Authenticating Agent, the Trustee shall give written notice of such appointment to the Company and shall at the expense of the Company mail notice of such appointment to all Holders of Debt Securities of such series as the names and addresses of such Holders appear on the Debt Security Register. Any successor Authenticating Agent with respect to any series of Debt Securities upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as though originally named as an Authenticating Agent herein with respect to such series. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section 8.14 and duly registered if and to the extent required under applicable law and regulations. Any Authenticating Agent by the acceptance of its appointment with respect to any series of Debt Securities shall be deemed to have agreed with the Trustee that: (a) it will perform and carry out the duties of an Authenticating Agent as herein set forth with respect to such series, including the duties to authenticate and deliver Debt Securities when presented to it in connection with exchanges, registrations of transfer or redemptions thereof; (b) it will keep and maintain, and furnish to the Trustee from time to time as requested by the Trustee appropriate records of all transactions carried out by it as Authenticating Agent and will furnish the Trustee such other information and reports as the Trustee may reasonably require; (c) it is eligible for appointment as Authenticating Agent under this Section 8.14 and will notify the Trustee promptly if it shall cease to be so qualified; and (d) it will indemnify the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense incurred by the Trustee and will defend any claim asserted against the Trustee by reason of any acts or failures to act of the Authenticating Agent with respect to such series but it shall have no liability for any action taken by it at the specific written direction of the Trustee. The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation and expenses for its services, and the Trustee shall have no liability for such payments. The provisions of Sections 8.02(a), (b), (c), (e) and (f), 8.03, 8.04, 8.06 (insofar as it pertains to indemnification), 3.09, 9.01 and 9.02 shall bind and inure to the benefit of each Authenticating Agent to the same extent that they bind and inure to the benefit of the Trustee.


 
46 If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to this Section 8.14, the Debt Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in the following form: This is one of the Debt Securities of the series designated therein issued under the within- mentioned Indenture. As Trustee By: Authorized Signatory By: Authorized Signatory Section 8.15 Trustee’s Application for Instructions from the Company. Any application by the Trustee for written instructions from the Company may, at the option of the Trustee, set forth in writing any action proposed to be taken or omitted by the Trustee under this Indenture and the date on and/or after which such action shall be taken or such omission shall be effective. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken by, or omission of, the Trustee in accordance with a proposal included in such application on or after the date specified in such application (which date shall not be less than three Business Days after the date any officer of the Company is deemed to receive such application in accordance with Section 15.03 (including the copy of such application required to be sent via e-mail thereunder), unless any such officer shall have consented in writing to any earlier date) unless prior to taking any such action (or the effective date in the case of an omission), the Trustee shall have received written instructions in response to such application specifying the action to be taken or omitted. ARTICLE 9 CONCERNING THE HOLDERS Section 9.01 Action by Holders. Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities of any series may take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action) the fact that at the time of taking any such action the Holders of such specified percentage of such series have joined therein may be evidenced (a) by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by Holders of such series in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing, or (b) by the record of the Holders of such series voting in favor thereof at any meeting of such Holders duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article Ten, or (c) by a combination of such instrument or instruments and any such record of such a meeting of Holders of such series. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are


 
47 herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments or so voting at any such meeting. Section 9.02 Proof of Execution by Holders. Subject to the provisions of Sections 8.01, 8.02 and 10.05, proof of the execution of any instrument by a Holder or such Holder’s agent or proxy shall be sufficient if made in accordance with such reasonable rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Trustee or in such manner as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee. The ownership of Debt Securities shall be provided by the Debt Security Register or by a certificate of the Debt Security Registrar with respect to a series of Debt Securities. The record of any Holders’ meeting shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 10.06. Section 9.03 Company-Owned Debt Securities Disregarded. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities of any series have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, or waiver under this Indenture, Debt Securities of such series which are owned by the Company or any other obligor upon such Debt Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor (except in the case in which the Company or such other obligor or Affiliate owns all Debt Securities Outstanding under the Indenture, or all Outstanding Debt Securities of each such series, as the case may be, without regard to this proviso) shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determinations; provided, however, that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, or waiver only such Debt Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. Debt Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding notwithstanding this Section 9.03 if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the right of the pledgee to act with respect to such Debt Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. Upon request of the Trustee, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee promptly an Officers’ Certificate listing and identifying all Debt Securities of a series, if any, known by the Company to be owned or held by or for the account of the Company or any other obligor on such Debt Securities or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any other obligor on such Debt Securities; and, subject to the provisions of Section 8.01, the Trustee shall be entitled to accept such Officers’ Certificates as conclusive evidence of the facts therein set forth and of the fact that all such Debt Securities not listed therein are Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination. Section 9.04 Revocation of Consents; Future Holders Bound. At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 9.01, of the taking of any action by the Holders of the percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities of any series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any Holder of a Debt Security which is shown by the evidence to be included in the Debt Securities the Holders of which have consented to or are bound by consents to such action, may, by filing written notice with the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 9.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such Debt Security. Except as aforesaid any such action


 
48 taken by the Holder of any Debt Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders and owners of such Debt Security and of any Debt Security issued on registration of transfer thereof or in exchange or substitution therefor, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon any such Debt Security. Any action taken by the Holders of the percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of all of the Debt Securities affected by such action. ARTICLE 10 HOLDERS’ MEETINGS Section 10.01 Purposes of Meetings. A meeting of Holders of the Debt Securities of all or any series may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to the provisions of this Article Ten for any of the following purposes: (a) to give any notice to the Company or to the Trustee with respect to such series, or to give any directions to the Trustee, or to consent to the waiving of any default hereunder and its consequences, or to take any other action authorized to be taken by Holders pursuant to any of the provisions of Article Seven; (b) to remove the Trustee and nominate a successor trustee pursuant to the provisions of Article Eight; (c) to consent to the execution of an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto pursuant to the provisions of Section 11.02; or to take any other action authorized to be taken by or on behalf of the Holders of any specified aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities of all or any series, as the case may be, under any other provision of this Indenture or under applicable law. Section 10.02 Call of Meetings by Trustee. The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of all or any series to take any action specified in Section 10.01, to be held at such time and at such place as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of the Holders of Debt Securities of all or any series, setting forth the time and place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be mailed by the Trustee to Holders of Debt Securities of each series that may be affected by the action proposed to be taken at such meeting at their addresses as they shall appear on the Debt Security Register. Such notice shall be mailed not less than 20 nor more than 90 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting. Section 10.03 Call of Meetings by Company or Holders. In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a resolution by the Board of Directors, or the Holders of at least 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities then Outstanding of each series that may be affected by the action proposed to be taken shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of such Holders, by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have mailed the notice of such meeting within 20 days after receipt of such request, then the Company or such Holders may determine the time and


 
49 place for such meeting and may call such meeting to take any action authorized in Section 10.01, by mailing notice thereof as provided in Section 10.02. Section 10.04 Qualifications for Voting. To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities a person shall (a) be a Holder of one or more Debt Securities of a series affected by the action proposed to be taken or (b) be a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy by a Holder of one or more such Debt Securities. The rights of Holders of Debt Securities to have their votes counted shall be subject to the provision in the definition of “Outstanding” in Section 1.01. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel. Section 10.05 Regulations. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities, in regard to proof of the holding of Debt Securities and of the appointment of proxies, and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall think fit. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulation, the holding of Debt Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 9.02 and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in said Section 9.02 or by having the signature of the Person executing the proxy witnessed or guaranteed by any bank, broker or trust company. The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders of Debt Securities as provided in Section 10.03, in which case the Company or the Holders of Debt Securities calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities represented at the meeting and entitled to vote. Subject to the provisions of Section 9.03, at any meeting each Holder of a Debt Security of a series entitled to vote at such meeting or proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of Debt Securities of such series held or represented by such Holder; provided, however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Debt Security challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote except as a Holder of Debt Securities of such series or proxy therefor. Any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities duly called pursuant to the provisions of Section 10.02 or 10.03 may be adjourned from time to time and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice. At any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities, the presence of Persons holding or representing Debt Securities in an aggregate principal amount sufficient to take action upon the business for the transaction of which such meeting was called shall be necessary to constitute a quorum; but, if less than a quorum be present, the Persons holding or representing a majority of


 
50 the Debt Securities represented at the meeting may adjourn such meeting with the same effect, for all intents and purposes, as though a quorum had been present. Section 10.06 Voting. The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Debt Securities entitled to vote at such meeting or of their representatives by proxy, and the letter or letters, serial number or numbers or other distinguishing marks of the Debt Securities held or represented by each such Holder. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record in duplicate of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Debt Securities shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was mailed as provided in Section 10.02. The record shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one of the duplicates shall be delivered to the Company and the other to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated. Section 10.07 No Delay of Rights by Meeting. Nothing contained in this Article Ten shall be deemed or construed to authorize or permit, by reason of any call of a meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of any or all series or any rights expressly or impliedly conferred hereunder to make such call, any hindrance or delay in the exercise of any right or rights conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders of Debt Securities under any of the provisions of this Indenture or of the Debt Securities. ARTICLE 11 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES Section 11.01 Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders. The Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date of the execution thereof) for one or more of the following purposes: (a) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or successive successions, and the assumption by the successor Person of the covenants, agreements and obligations of the Company pursuant to Articles Five and Twelve hereof; (b) to add to the covenants of the Company such further covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions as the Board of Directors shall consider to be for the protection of the Holders of Debt Securities of any or all series, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any of such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions a default or an Event of Default with respect to such series permitting


 
51 the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in this Indenture as herein set forth; provided, however, that in respect of any such additional covenant, restriction or condition, such supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such default or may limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such default; (c) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture or to make any changes hereto that are required by law; (d) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge any property to or with the Trustee; (e) to make such other provisions in regard to matters or questions arising under this Indenture as shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of the Debt Securities and to make any change that would provide additional rights or benefits to the Holders of Debt Securities of any or all series or that does not adversely affect the legal rights under this Indenture of any such Holder of Debt Securities; (f) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by another Person as a successor Trustee hereunder with respect to one or more series of Debt Securities and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to Section 8.11; (g) to modify, amend or supplement this Indenture in such a manner as to permit the qualification of any indenture supplemental hereto under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as then in effect, except that nothing herein contained shall permit or authorize the inclusion in any indenture supplemental hereto of the provisions referred to in Section 316(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939; (h) to provide for the issuance under this Indenture of Debt Securities in coupon form (including Debt Securities registrable as to principal only) and to provide for exchangeability of such Debt Securities with Debt Securities of the same series issued hereunder in fully registered form and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose; (i) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture, provided, however, that any such change or elimination shall become effective only when there is no Debt Security Outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is entitled to the benefit of such provision; or to establish the form of the Debt Securities of a series and to provide for the issuance of Debt Securities of a series, as permitted by Section 3.01, and to set forth the terms thereof. The Trustee is hereby required to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations which may be therein contained and to accept the conveyance, transfer, assignment, mortgage or pledge of


 
52 any property thereunder, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section 11.01 may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the Holders of any of the Debt Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 11.02. Section 11.02 Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders. With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 9.01) of the Holders of greater than 50% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture (each such series voting as a single and separate class), by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of the Debt Securities of each series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holders of all of the Outstanding Debt Securities of each series affected, (a) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any premium or installment of interest on, any Debt Security of such series or make the principal thereof or interest or premium thereon payable in any coin or currency other than that provided in the Debt Securities of such series; (b) reduce the principal amount of, or the rate, or modify the calculation of such rate, of interest on, or any premium payable upon the redemption of, any Debt Security of such series; (c) reduce the amount of the principal of any Original Issue Discount Debt Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy; (d) change the redemption provisions of any Debt Security in a manner adverse to the rights of the Holders thereof or adversely affect the right of repayment at the option of any Holder of any Debt Security of such series; (e) change the Place of Payment or the coin or currency in which the principal of, any premium or interest on any Debt Security of such series is payable; (f) impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or after the Stated Maturity of any Debt Security of such series or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment at the option of any Holder, on or after the repayment date; (g) make any change that adversely affects the right to convert or exchange any Debt Security into or for ordinary shares or preferred shares or other securities, cash or property in accordance with its terms, (h) amend Sections 5.02, 5.03 and 5.04 in any manner that is materially adverse to the rights of Holders of any series of Debt Securities or (i) reduce the percentage of Debt Securities of such series, the Holders of which are required to: (i) consent to any supplemental indenture, (ii) rescind and annul a declaration that the Debt Securities of such series are due and payable as a result of the occurrence of an Event of Default, (iii) waive any past Event of Default and its consequences, or (iv) waive compliance with the provisions of this Indenture or with any additional covenant, agreement or condition contained in a Board Resolution or Officers’ Certificate establishing such series of Debt Securities, any indenture supplemental hereto applicable to such series or any Debt Security of such series. Upon the Trustee’s receipt of a Company Request, accompanied by a copy of a Board Resolution certified by its Secretary or Assistant Secretary authorizing the execution of any such


 
53 supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Holders of Debt Securities as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such supplemental indenture. A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Debt Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Debt Securities of any other series. It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Debt Securities under this Section 11.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof. Section 11.03 Effect of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article Eleven, this Indenture shall be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitation of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the Holders of Debt Securities shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes. Section 11.04 Notation on Debt Securities. Debt Securities authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article Eleven may bear a notation as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company or the Trustee shall so determine, new Debt Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series. Section 11.05 Evidence of Compliance of Supplemental Indenture to be Furnished Trustee. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Sections 8.01 and 8.02, shall receive, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant hereto complies with the requirements of this Article Eleven and is authorized and permitted by this Indenture. ARTICLE 12 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE AND CONVEYANCE Section 12.01 Company May Consolidate on Certain Terms. Nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Debt Securities shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company), or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall


 
54 be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance or lease of all or substantially all of the property of the Company to any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, and the Company hereby covenants and agrees, that any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance or lease shall be upon the condition that (a) immediately after such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance or lease, the Person (whether the Company or such other Person) formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger, or to which such sale, conveyance or lease shall have been made, shall not be in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Indenture to be kept or performed by the Company; and (b) the due and punctual payment of the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on all of the Debt Securities, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all of the covenants and conditions of this Indenture to be performed or observed by the Company, shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture satisfactory in form to the Trustee, executed and delivered to the Trustee by the Person (if other than the Company) formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the Person which shall have acquired or leased such property. Section 12.02 Successor Entity to be Substituted. In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance or lease and upon the assumption by the successor Person, by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the due and punctual payment of the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on all of the Debt Securities and the due and punctual performance and observance of all of the covenants and conditions of this Indenture to performed or observed by the Company, such successor Person shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company, with the same effect as if it had been named herein as the party of the first part, and (except in the event of a conveyance by way of lease) the predecessor Person shall be relieved of any further obligation under this Indenture and the Debt Securities. In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance or lease such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Debt Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate. Section 12.03 Opinion of Counsel to Be Given to the Trustee. The Trustee, subject to Sections 8.01 and 8.02, shall receive an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale conveyance or lease and any such assumption complies with the provisions of this Article Twelve and that all conditions precedent herein provided relating to such transactions have been complied with. ARTICLE 13 SATISFACTION, DISCHARGE AND DEFEASANCE OF INDENTURE Section 13.01 Satisfaction, Discharge and Legal Defeasance of Debt Securities of any Series. The Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the Debt Securities of a series, the provisions of this Indenture (except as to (x) the rights of Holders of Debt Securities of such series to receive, from the money, in the currency required, and Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 13.02(a) or the interest and principal received by the Trustee in respect of such Government Obligations,


 
55 payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and any installment of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Debt Securities on the Stated Maturities thereof or upon the Redemption Dates for Debt Securities required to be redeemed pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous provisions relating to Debt Securities of that series or pursuant to any call for redemption relating to Debt Securities of that series, (y) the Company’s rights and obligations with respect to such Debt Securities under Sections 3.06, 3.07, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04, 8.06, 8.10, 8.11, 13.03 and 13.04, and (z) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series) as it relates to such Debt Securities shall no longer be in effect, and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, upon Company Request, execute proper instruments acknowledging the same if: (a) (1) all Debt Securities of such series therefor authenticated and delivered (other than (A) Debt Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.07 and (B) Debt Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Sections 13.03 and 13.04) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid in the currency required all other sums payable under this Indenture in respect of the Debt Securities of such series, including all amounts owing to the Trustee under Section 8.06; and (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction of the entire indebtedness of all Debt Securities of any such series and the discharge of the Indenture as it relates to such Debt Securities have been complied with; or (b) (1) all such Debt Securities of such series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (A) have become due and payable, or (B) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or (C) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense of the Company; (2) the condition described in paragraph (a) of Section 13.02 has been satisfied; and the conditions described in paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this Section 13.01 have been satisfied; or (c) (1) the conditions referred to in Section 13.02 and paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 13.01 have been satisfied; and (2) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an opinion of a nationally-recognized independent tax counsel confirming that the Company shall have received from, or there shall have been published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or since the date of this Indenture there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case, to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion of counsel will confirm that, Holders of the Debt Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and the defeasance contemplated by this


 
56 paragraph (c) of this Section 13.01 and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred. Section 13.02 Covenant Defeasance of Debt Securities of any Series. The provisions of this Indenture (except as to (x) the rights of Holders of Debt Securities of any series to receive, from the money, in the currency required, and Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to paragraph (a) below or the interest and principal received by the Trustee in respect of such Government Obligations, payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and any installment of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Debt Securities on the Stated Maturities thereof or upon the Redemption Dates for Debt Securities required to be redeemed pursuant to any mandatory sinking or analogous provisions relating to Debt Securities of that series or pursuant to any call for redemption relating to Debt Securities of that series; (y) the Company’s rights and obligations with respect to such Debt Securities under Sections 3.06, 3.07, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04, 6.01, Article Seven (other than subsection (d) of Section 7.01, to the extent relating to the covenants defeased hereby), Sections 8.06, 8.10, 8.11, 13.03, and 13.04; and (z) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series) as it relates to Debt Securities of any series shall no longer be in effect, and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company shall, upon Company Request, execute proper instruments acknowledging the same if: (a) the Company has irrevocably (subject to Section 13.04) deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust and specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series (1) Dollars or Foreign Currency, as applicable, in an amount, or (2) Government Obligations which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide on or before the due date of any payment in respect of such series of Debt Securities funds in an amount, or (3) a combination thereof, sufficient, after payment of all Federal, state and local taxes in respect thereof payable by the Trustee, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, which opinion need only be provided if Government Obligations shall have been deposited, to pay and discharge the principal of (and premium, if any) and each installment of principal (and premium, if any) and interest on the Outstanding Debt Securities of that series to the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest or to the Redemption Dates for Debt Securities required to be redeemed pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous provisions relating to Debt Securities of that series or pursuant to any call for redemption relating to Debt Securities of that series on each day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and such Debt Securities; (b) no Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time would become an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of the deposit referred to in paragraph (a) of this Section 13.02 or, insofar as an Event of Default described in paragraph (g) or (h) of Section 7.01 are concerned, at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit or, if longer, ending on the day following the expiration date of the longest preference period applicable to the Company in respect of the deposit (and this condition will not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period; provided, however,


 
57 that should this condition fail to be satisfied on or before such 91st day, the Trustee shall promptly, upon satisfactory receipt of evidence of such failure, return such deposit to the Company); (c) the interest of the Holders in such deposit shall have been duly perfected under the applicable provisions of the applicable Uniform Commercial Code; (d) such defeasance shall not (A) cause the Trustee to have a conflicting interest as defined in Section 8.08 or for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 with respect to any securities of the Company or (B) result in the trust arising from such deposit to constitute, unless it is qualified as, a regulated investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; (e) such defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound; (f) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an opinion of counsel of a nationally-recognized independent tax counsel confirming that the Holders of the Debt Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and the defeasance contemplated by this Section 13.02 and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred; and (g) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with. Section 13.03 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification. (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 13.04, all money and Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 13.01 or 13.02, and all money received by the Trustee in respect of Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Debt Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if any) and interest for whose payment such money and Government Obligations have been deposited with or received by the Trustee as contemplated by Sections 13.01 or 13.02. (b) The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 13.01 or 13.02 or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations, other than any such tax, fee or other charge payable by or on behalf of Holders. The Company shall be entitled to prompt notice of an assessment or the commencement of any proceeding for which indemnification may be sought hereunder and, at its election, to contest such assessment or to participate in, assume the defense of, or settle such proceeding. (c) The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections


 
58 13.01 or 13.02 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, which opinion need only be provided if Government Obligations shall have been deposited, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such obligations or money were deposited or received. Section 13.04 Return of Unclaimed Moneys. Any moneys deposited with or paid to the Trustee or any paying agent for payment of the principal of and premium, if any, or interest on Debt Securities and not applied but remaining unclaimed by the Holders of Debt Securities for two years after the date upon which the principal of and premium, if any, or interest on such Debt Securities, as the case may be, shall have become due and payable, shall be repaid to the Company by the Trustee or such paying agent on Company Request; and the Holder of any of the Debt Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter look only to the Company for any payment thereof and all liability of the Trustee or such paying agent with respect to such moneys shall thereupon cease. Section 13.05 Reinstatement. If the Trustee is unable to apply any money or Government Obligations in accordance with Sections 13.01 or 13.02 by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the Company’s obligations under this Indenture and the Debt Securities shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Sections 13.01 or 13.02 until such time as the Trustee is permitted to apply all such money or Government Obligations in accordance with Sections 13.01 or 13.02; provided that, if the Company has made any payment of principal of or interest on the Debt Securities because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Debt Securities to receive such payment from the money or Government Obligations held by the Trustee. ARTICLE 14 IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS Section 14.01 Indenture and Debt Securities Solely Obligations of the Company. No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, any supplemental indenture, or of any Debt Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, organizer, stockholder, member, owner, officer, director, manager or employee, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or any Subsidiary or of any predecessor or successor Person, either directly or through the Company, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely obligations of the Company, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, any incorporator, organizer, stockholder, member, owner, officer, director, manager or employee, as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor Person, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture, or in any of the Debt Securities or implied thereby; and that any and all such personal liability, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or


 
59 statute of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, organizer, stockholder, member, owner, officer, director, manager or employee, as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Debt Securities or implied thereby, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issue of such Debt Securities. ARTICLE 15 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Section 15.01 Provisions Binding on Successors of the Company. All of the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture contained by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns whether so expressed or not. Section 15.02 Indenture for Sole Benefit of Parties and Holders of Debt Securities. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Debt Securities, expressed or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, firm or corporation, other than the parties hereto, any agent of the Trustee or the Company under this Indenture and the Holders of the Debt Securities, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being, subject to the provisions of Articles Twelve and Fourteen, for the sole benefit of the parties hereto, any agent of the Trustee or the Company under this Indenture and the Holders of the Debt Securities. Section 15.03 Addresses for Notices. Any notice or demand which by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or served by the Trustee or by the Holders of Debt Securities on the Company may be given or served by being deposited, registered or certified mail postage prepaid, in a post office letter box in the United States addressed (until another address is filed by the Company with the Trustee) to the Company, Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc., 150 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, Illinois 60007, Telecopier No.: 847-700-8650, Attention: Paul Romano, CFO, with a copy to DLA Piper LLP (US), 444 West Lake Street, Suite 900, Chicago, Illinois 60606-0089, Telecopier No.: 312-251-2188, Attention: Gregory Hayes and, solely with respect to Section 8.15, via e-mail to promano@atlas- fin.com. Any notice, direction, request or demand by any Holder of a Debt Security or the Company to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, addressed to the attention of Atlas Financial Administrator. Any notice, report or other instrument required by any of the provisions of this Indenture to be given by the Trustee to the Holders of Debt Securities of any or all series shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given, for all purposes, when mailed by first class mail, or in the case of Global Debt Securities, delivered electronically to the Depositary. The Trustee agrees to accept and act upon instructions or directions pursuant to this Indenture sent by unsecured e-mail, facsimile transmission or other similar unsecured electronic methods; provided, however, that (a) the party providing such electronic instructions or directions, subsequent to the transmission thereof, shall provide the originally executed instructions or directions to the Trustee in a timely manner and (b) such originally executed


 
60 instructions or directions shall be signed by an authorized representative of the party providing such instructions or directions. The Trustee shall not be liable for any losses, costs or expenses arising directly or indirectly from the Trustee’s reliance upon and compliance with such instructions or directions notwithstanding that such instructions or directions conflict or are inconsistent with a subsequent written instruction or direction or if the subsequent written instruction or direction is never received. The party providing instructions or directions by unsecured e-mail, facsimile transmission or other similar unsecured electronic methods, as aforesaid, agrees to assume all risks arising out of the use of such electronic methods to submit instructions and directions to the Trustee, including without limitation the risk of the Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk of interception and misuse by third parties. Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first- class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Debt Security Register, not later than the latest date (if any), and not earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver. Whenever in this Indenture notice is to be given to Holders of Global Debt Securities, notice shall be sufficiently given if given to the Depositary. Section 15.04 Contract; Waiver of Trial by Jury. This Indenture and the Debt Securities shall for all purposes be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York. EACH OF THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE, AND THE HOLDERS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE DEBT SECURITIES OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. Section 15.05 Evidence of Compliance with Conditions Precedent. Upon any request to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any (including any covenant, compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent) provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such document is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished. Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include (a) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation


 
61 upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable such Person to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with. Section 15.06 Legal Holidays. In any case where the date of maturity of interest on or principal of or premium, if any, on any series of Debt Securities or the date fixed for redemption or repayment of any Debt Security or Debt Securities will be a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions are legally authorized or obligated to close in New York, New York or any other location where a paying agent appointed pursuant to Section 5.02 is located, then payment of such interest on or principal of and premium, if any, on such Debt Securities need not be made by such paying agent on such date but may be made by such paying agent on the next succeeding day that is not a day in such location that is either a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions are legally authorized or obligated to close, with the same force and effect as if made on such date of maturity or the date fixed for redemption or repayment and no interest shall accrue on such payment for the period from and after such prior date. Section 15.07 Trust Indenture Act of 1939 to Control. If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by any of Sections 310 through 317 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, by the operation of Section 318(c) thereof, such imposed duties shall control, except as, and to the extent, expressly excluded from this Indenture, as permitted by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 that may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the case may be. Section 15.08 Table of Contents, Headings. The table of contents and the titles and headings of the articles and sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof. Section 15.09 Determination of Principal Amount. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Debt Securities of any series have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, or whether sufficient funds are available for redemption or for any other purpose, (a) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Debt Security that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 7.01, (b) the principal amount of any Debt Securities denominated in a Foreign Currency that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purposes shall be determined by converting the Foreign Currency into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate as of the date of such determination and (c) the principal amount of any Indexed Debt Security that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal face amount of such Indexed Debt Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture.


 
62 Section 15.10 Execution in Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original and such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Indenture by telecopier, facsimile or other electronic transmission (i.e. a “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof. [Signature pages follow]


 
[Signature Page to Indenture] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. has caused this Indenture to be executed by its , and has caused this Indenture to be executed by one of its officers, as of the day and year first written above. ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC., By: /s/ Scott Wollney Name: Scott Wollney Title: President and Chief Executive Officer


 
[Signature Page to Indenture] WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee By: /s/ W. Thomas Morris II Name: W. Thomas Morris II Title: Vice President


 
FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE between ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC., as Issuer, and WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONALASSOCIATION, as Trustee 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 Dated as of April 26, 2017


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARTICLE I SENIOR NOTES SECTION 1.01 Definitions................................................................................................................................. 1 SECTION 1.02 Establishment............................................................................................................................ 2 SECTION 1.03 Payment of Principal and Interest ............................................................................................ 2 SECTION 1.04 Denominations .......................................................................................................................... 3 SECTION 1.05 Global Securities....................................................................................................................... 3 SECTION 1.06 Transfer..................................................................................................................................... 4 SECTION 1.07 Defeasance................................................................................................................................ 4 SECTION 1.08 Redemption at the Option of the Company ............................................................................... 4 SECTION 1.09 No Sinking Fund ....................................................................................................................... 4 SECTION 1.10 Material Subsidiaries................................................................................................................ 4 ARTICLE II MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS SECTION 2.01 Senior Notes Unaffected by Other Supplemental Indentures .................................................... 5 SECTION 2.02 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals ........................................................................................ 6 SECTION 2.03 Ratification and Incorporation of Original Indenture .............................................................. 6 SECTION 2.04 Governing Law ......................................................................................................................... 6 SECTION 2.05 Separability ............................................................................................................................... 6 SECTION 2.06 Executed in Counterparts. 6 EXHIBIT A Form of 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 A-1


 
1 This FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, dated as of April 26, 2017 (this “First Supplemental Indenture”), between Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), supplementing the Indenture, dated as of April 26, 2017 (the “Original Indenture”), between the Company and the Trustee. RECITALS WHEREAS, the Company executed and delivered the Original Indenture to the Trustee to provide for the future issuance of the Company’s senior debt securities (the “Securities”), to be issued from time to time in one or more series as might be determined by the Company under the Original Indenture; WHEREAS, pursuant to the terms of the Original Indenture and this First Supplemental Indenture (together, the “Indenture”), the Company desires to provide for the establishment of a new series of Securities to be known as the 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 (the “Senior Notes”), the form and substance of such Senior Notes, and the terms, provisions and conditions thereof to be set forth herein as provided in the Indenture; WHEREAS, the Company has requested that the Trustee, in respect to the Senior Notes, execute and deliver this First Supplemental Indenture in such capacity; and WHEREAS, all requirements necessary to make this First Supplemental Indenture a valid instrument in accordance with its terms and to make the Senior Notes, when executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee, the valid obligations of the Company, have been done and performed, and the execution and delivery of this First Supplemental Indenture has been duly authorized in all respects; NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the purchase and acceptance of the Senior Notes by the holders thereof, and for the purpose of setting forth, as provided in the Indenture, the form and substance of the Senior Notes, and the terms, provisions and conditions thereof, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows: ARTICLE I SENIOR NOTES SECTION 1.01 Definitions. Unless the context otherwise requires or unless otherwise set forth herein: (a) a term not defined herein that is defined in the Original Indenture, has the same meaning when used in this First Supplemental Indenture; (b) the definition of any term in this First Supplemental Indenture that is also defined in the Original Indenture, shall for the purposes of this First Supplemental Indenture supersede the definition of such term in the Original Indenture; (c) a term defined anywhere in this First Supplemental Indenture has the same meaning throughout; (d) the definition of a term in this First Supplemental Indenture is not intended to have any effect on the meaning or definition of an identical term that is defined in the Original Indenture insofar as the use or effect of such term in the Original Indenture, as previously defined, is concerned; (e) the singular includes the plural and vice versa; (f) headings are for convenience of reference only and do not affect interpretation; and (g) the following terms have the meanings given to them in this Section 1.01(g):


 
2 “Interest Payment Date” means January 26, April 26, July 26 and October 26 of each year, commencing July 26, 2017. “Loan Agreement” means that certain Loan and Security Agreement, dated March 9, 2015, by and among American Insurance Acquisition, Inc. and Fifth Third Bank. “Material Subsidiary” means a direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company that is an insurance company with statutory surplus of at least $15,000,000 for the most recently completed fiscal quarter. “Original Issue Date” means April 26, 2017. “Redemption Date” means the date fixed for the redemption of the Senior Notes by or pursuant to the Indenture. “Regular Record Date” means, with respect to each Interest Payment Date, the close of business on the preceding January 11, April 11, July 11 and October 11, as the case may be (whether or not a Business Day). “Stated Maturity” means April 26, 2022. SECTION 1.02 Establishment. (a) There is hereby established a new series of Securities to be issued under the Indenture, to be designated as the Company’s 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022. (b) There are to be authenticated and delivered the Senior Notes, initially limited in aggregate principal amount to $25,000,000 (1,000,000 units of $25 each), and no further Senior Notes shall be authenticated and delivered except as provided by Sections 2.04, 3.06, 3.07, 3.10 or 11.04 of the Original Indenture; provided, however, that the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes may be increased in the future with no limit, without the consent of the holders of the Senior Notes, on the same terms and with the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as the Senior Notes, except for the issue price, Original Issue Date and, if applicable, the first Interest Payment Date and the initial interest accrual date, provided that no Event of Default with respect to the Senior Notes shall have occurred and be continuing. The Senior Notes shall be issued in fully registered form. (c) The Senior Notes shall be issued in the form of one or more Global Securities, registered in the name of the Depositary (as defined below) or its nominee. Each Global Security and the Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication thereof, shall be in substantially the form set forth in Exhibit A hereto. The depositary with respect to the Senior Notes shall be The Depository Trust Company (the “Depositary”). (d) Each Senior Note shall be dated the date of authentication thereof and shall bear interest from the Original Issue Date or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for. SECTION 1.03 Payment of Principal and Interest. (a) The principal of the Senior Notes shall be due at Stated Maturity. The unpaid principal amount of the Senior Notes shall bear interest at the rate of 6.625% per year until paid or duly provided for. Interest shall be paid quarterly in arrears on each Interest Payment Date, commencing July 26, 2017, to the Person in whose name the Senior Notes are registered on the Regular Record Date for such Interest Payment Date, provided that interest payable at the Stated Maturity or upon redemption will be paid to the Person to whom principal is payable. Any such interest that is not so punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the holders on such Regular Record Date and may be paid as provided in Section 3.08 of the Original Indenture. (b) Payments of interest on the Senior Notes will include interest accrued from the most recent date to which interest has been paid (or the Original Issue Date if no interest has been paid) to but excluding the respective Interest Payment Dates. Interest payments for the Senior Notes shall be computed and paid on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.


 
3 (c) In the event that any date on which interest is payable on the Senior Notes is not a Business Day (including the Redemption Date), then a payment of the interest payable on such date will be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay), except that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force and effect as if made on the date the payment was originally payable. (d) The Trustee is hereby designated as Paying Agent for the Senior Notes and all payments of the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest due on the Senior Notes at the Stated Maturity or upon redemption will be made upon surrender of the Senior Notes at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee in the United States. (e) The principal of, and premium, if any, and interest due on the Senior Notes shall be paid in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts. Payments of interest (including interest on any Interest Payment Date) will be made, subject to such surrender where applicable and subject, in the case of a Global Security, to the Trustee’s arrangements with the Depositary, at the option of the Company, (i) by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or (ii) by wire transfer at such place and to such account at a banking institution in the United States of America as may be designated in writing to the Trustee at least 15 days prior to the date for payment by the Person entitled thereto. SECTION 1.04 Denominations. The Senior Notes may be issued in minimum denominations of $25, or any integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof or in units, each representing $25. SECTION 1.05 Global Securities. (a) Except under the limited circumstances described below, Senior Notes represented by Global Securities will not be exchangeable for, and will not otherwise be issuable as, Senior Notes in definitive form. The Global Securities described above may not be transferred except by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary or by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or its nominee. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this First Supplemental Indenture, owners of beneficial interests in such Global Securities will not be considered the holders thereof for any purpose under the Indenture, and no Global Security representing a Senior Note shall be exchangeable, except for another Global Security of like denomination and to be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee or to a successor Depositary or its nominee. The rights of holders of such Global Securities shall be exercised only through the Depositary. (c) A Global Security shall be exchangeable in whole or, from time to time, in part for Senior Notes in definitive registered form only as provided in the Indenture. If (i) at any time the Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the Senior Notes or if at any time the Depositary shall no longer be registered or in good standing as a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or other applicable statute or regulation, at such time as the Depositary is required to be so registered and the Depositary so notifies the Company and, in each case, the Company does not appoint a successor Depositary within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, (ii) any Event of Default or Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to the Senior Notes or (iii) subject to the procedures of the Depositary, the Company in its sole discretion determines that the Senior Notes shall be exchangeable for Senior Notes in definitive registered form and executes and, in each case, delivers to the Security Registrar a written order of the Company providing that the Senior Notes shall be so exchangeable, the Senior Notes shall be exchangeable for Senior Notes in definitive registered form, provided that the definitive Senior Notes so issued in exchange for the Senior Notes shall be in minimum denominations of $25, or any integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof (or in units, each unit representing $25), and be of like aggregate principal amount and tenor as the portion of the Senior Notes to be exchanged. Except as provided herein, owners of beneficial interests in the Senior Notes will not be entitled to have Senior Notes registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of Senior Notes in definitive registered form and will not be considered the holders thereof for any purpose under the Indenture. None


 
4 of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent, the Security Registrar or any of their agents shall have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the Senior Notes, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to this Section 1.05(c) shall be exchangeable for Senior Notes registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct. SECTION 1.06 Transfer. The Trustee is hereby designated as Security Registrar for the Senior Notes. No service charge will be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Senior Notes, but payment will be required of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection therewith. SECTION 1.07 Defeasance. The provisions of Sections 13.01 and 13.02 of the Original Indenture will apply to the Senior Notes. SECTION 1.08 Redemption at the Option of the Company. (a) Subject to Article 4 of the Original Indenture, at any time and from time to time on April 26, 2020, or on any Interest Payment Date thereafter, the Senior Notes will be redeemable at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, the Redemption Date. (b) If less than all of the Senior Notes are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Senior Notes or portions of the Senior Notes to be redeemed by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate. The Trustee may select for redemption Senior Notes and portions of Senior Notes in minimum amounts of $25 and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of Senior Notes to be redeemed, in whole or in part; provided that if the Senior Notes are represented by one or more Global Securities, interests in such Global Securities shall be selected for redemption by the Depositary in accordance with its applicable procedures therefor. SECTION 1.09 No Sinking Fund. The Senior Notes shall not be entitled to any sinking fund. SECTION 1.10 Material Subsidiaries. (a) Subject to Section 1.10(c), the Company shall not: (i) directly or indirectly, sell, assign, pledge, transfer or otherwise dispose, and shall not permit any of its subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, sell, pledge, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of, shares of voting capital stock, or securities convertible into voting stock, or options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase voting capital stock of a Material Subsidiary; or (ii) permit a Material Subsidiary to issue, sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of its voting capital stock or securities convertible into its voting capital stock or options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase its voting capital stock, unless the Company will own, directly or indirectly, at least 90% of the issued and outstanding voting stock of the Material Subsidiary after giving effect to such transaction; provided, that this Section 1.10(a)(ii) shall not apply to a transaction subject to the provisions of Article 12 of the Original Indenture). (b) Subject to Section 1.10(c) below, except pursuant to the Loan Agreement (which shall be terminated within two (2) Business Days following the date hereof), the Company shall not permit any Material Subsidiary to:


 
5 (i) merge or consolidate with or into any corporation or other Person, unless such Material Subsidiary is the surviving corporation or Person, or unless the Company will own, directly or indirectly, at least 90% of the surviving corporation’s issued and outstanding voting stock; (ii) lease, sell, assign or transfer all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any corporation or other Person (other than the Company), unless the Company will own, directly or indirectly, at least 90% of the issued and outstanding voting stock of that corporation or other Person; or (iii) pay any dividend in a Material Subsidiary’s voting capital stock or make any other distribution in its voting capital stock, other than to the Company or its other subsidiaries, unless the Material Subsidiary to which the transaction relates, after obtaining any necessary regulatory approvals, unconditionally guarantees payment of the principal and any premium and interest of the Senior Notes. (c) Notwithstanding Section 1.10(a) and (b), the Company may agree to any merger or consolidation or sale, lease, assignment, pledge or transfer of securities, properties or assets of or with respect to a Material Subsidiary if: (i) required by law and such lease, sale, assignment or transfer of securities is made to any Person for the purpose of the qualification of such Person to serve as a director; (ii) such lease, sale, assignment or transfer of securities is made by the Company or any of its subsidiaries acting in a fiduciary capacity for any Person other than the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (iii) made in connection with the consolidation of the Company with or the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to, or merger of the Company with or into, any other Person (which transaction will be subject to the provisions of Article 12 of the Original Indenture); or (iv) it is required as a condition imposed by any law or any rule, regulation or order of any governmental agency or authority to the acquisition by the Company of another entity; provided that in the case of (iv) only, after giving effect to such acquisition, (A) at least 90% of the issued and outstanding voting stock of such entity will be owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company and (B) the Company’s consolidated assets will be at least equal to 70% of its consolidated assets prior to the acquisition; provided, that the foregoing shall not prohibit the Company or a Material Subsidiary from pledging any assets to secure borrowings incurred in the ordinary course of business. (d) The Company shall not, and it shall not permit any of its subsidiaries to, incur debt for borrowed money, commitments for the extension of debt for borrowed money or other obligations in excess of the greater of (I) $10,000,000 and (II) 10% of shareholders’ equity as reported in the most recent consolidated financial statements of the Company filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, in each case in the aggregate, which is secured by any shares of voting stock of a Material Subsidiary (or securities convertible into, or options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase shares of that voting stock) without making effective provision for securing the Senior Notes equally and ratably with that secured debt; provided, however, that this Section 1.10(d) shall not apply to the extent that the Company continues to own, directly or indirectly, at least 90% of the issued and outstanding voting stock of each Material Subsidiary (treating that encumbrance as a transfer of those shares to the secured party); provided, further, that this Section 1.10(d) shall not apply with respect to any (i) pledge, encumbrance or lien to secure the Company’s indebtedness or the indebtedness of a subsidiary as part of the purchase price of such shares of voting stock, or incurred prior to, at the time of or within 120 days after acquisition thereof for the purpose of financing all or any part of the purchase price thereof; (ii) lien for taxes, assessments or other government charges or levies (A) which are not yet due or payable without penalty, (B) which the Company is contesting in good faith by appropriate proceedings so long as the Company has set aside on its books such reserves as shall be required in respect thereof in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, or (C) which secure obligations of less than $500,000 in amount; or (iii) lien of any judgment, if that judgment (X) is discharged, or stayed on appeal or otherwise, within 90 days, (Y) is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings so long as the Company has set aside on its books such reserves as shall be required in respect thereof in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles or (Z) involves claims of less than $500,000. ARTICLE II MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS This First Supplemental Indenture will become effective upon its execution and delivery. SECTION 2.01 Senior Notes Unaffected by Other Supplemental Indentures.


 
6 To the extent the terms of the Original Indenture are amended by any other supplemental indentures, no such amendment shall relate or apply to the Senior Notes. To the extent the terms of the Original Indenture are amended as provided herein, no such amendment shall in any way affect the terms of any such other supplemental indenture or any other series of Securities. This First Supplemental Indenture shall relate and apply solely to the Senior Notes. SECTION 2.02 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals. The recitals herein contained are made by the Company and not by the Trustee, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness thereof. The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or sufficiency of this First Supplemental Indenture or the Senior Notes. SECTION 2.03 Ratification and Incorporation of Original Indenture. As supplemented hereby, the Original Indenture is in all respects ratified and confirmed, and the Original Indenture and this First Supplemental Indenture shall be read, taken and construed as one and the same instrument. SECTION 2.04 Governing Law. This First Supplemental Indenture shall be deemed to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of said State. SECTION 2.05 Separability. In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this First Supplemental Indenture or in the Senior Notes shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this First Supplemental Indenture or of the Senior Notes, but this First Supplemental Indenture and the Senior Notes shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein or therein. SECTION 2.06 Executed in Counterparts. This First Supplemental Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original; and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or electronic format (e.g., “.pdf” or “.tif”) transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or electronic format (e.g., “.pdf” or “.tif”) shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.


 
7 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this First Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the day and year first above written. ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC., as Issuer By: /s/ Scott Wollney Name: Scott Wollney Title: President and Chief Executive Officer WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee By: /s/ W. Thomas Morris II Name: W. Thomas Morris II Title: Vice President


 
A-1 EXHIBIT A (FORM OF 6.625% SENIOR UNSECURED NOTES DUE 2022) THIS SENIOR NOTE IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ORIGINAL INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO. UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY (“DTC”), A NEW YORK CORPORATION, TO ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN SECTION 1.05 OF THE FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, THIS SENIOR NOTE MAY BE TRANSFERRED IN WHOLE, BUT NOT IN PART, ONLY TO DTC, TO ANOTHER NOMINEE OF DTC OR TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR TO A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.


 
A-2 No. [●] CUSIP No.: 049323 108 ISIN No.: US0493231080 ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. Global Certificate initially representing $25,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 Units: 1,000,000 Regular Record Date: With respect to each Interest Payment Date, the close of business on the preceding January 11, April 11, July 11 and October 11, as the case may be (whether or not a Business Day). Original Issue Date: April 26, 2017 Stated Maturity: April 26, 2022 Interest Payment Dates: January 26, April 26, July 26 and October 26 of each year, commencing July 26, 2017 Interest Rate: 6.625% per year Authorized Denomination: $25, or any integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof (each unit representing $25). This Global Certificate is in respect of a duly authorized issue of 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 (the “Senior Notes”) of Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company,” which term includes any successor corporation under the Indenture referred to on the reverse hereof). The Company, for value received, hereby promises to pay to Cede & Co., or registered assigns, the amount of principal of the Senior Notes represented by this Global Certificate on the Stated Maturity shown above, and to pay interest thereon from the Original Issue Date shown above, or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, quarterly in arrears on each Interest Payment Date as specified above, commencing July 26, 2017, and on the Stated Maturity at the Interest Rate per year shown above until the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment and on any overdue principal and on any overdue installment of interest at such rate to the extent permitted by law. The interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (other than an Interest Payment Date that is the Stated Maturity or any Redemption Date) will, as provided in the Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Senior Note is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date as specified above next preceding such Interest Payment Date, provided that any interest payable at Stated Maturity or on any Redemption Date will be paid to the Person to whom principal is payable. Any such interest that is not so punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the holders on such Regular Record Date and may be paid as provided in Section 3.08 of the Original Indenture. Payments of interest on this Senior Note will include interest accrued to but excluding the respective Interest Payment Dates. Interest payments for this Senior Note shall be computed and paid on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. In the event that any date on which interest is payable on this Senior Note is not a Business Day (including the Redemption Date), then payment of the interest payable on such date will be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay), except that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force and effect as if made on the date the payment was originally payable.


 
A-3 Payment of the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest due on this Senior Note at the Stated Maturity or upon redemption will be made upon surrender of this Senior Note at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee in the United States. The principal of, and premium, if any, and interest due on this Senior Note shall be paid in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts. Payment of interest (including interest on any Interest Payment Date) will be made, subject to such surrender where applicable and subject to the Trustee’s arrangements with the Depositary, at the option of the Company, (i) by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or (ii) by wire transfer at such place and to such account at a banking institution in the United States of America as may be designated in writing to the Trustee at least 15 days prior to the date for payment by the Person entitled thereto. The Senior Notes will be unsecured obligations of the Company and will rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The Senior Notes will rank senior to any subordinated indebtedness of the Company. REFERENCE IS HEREBY MADE TO THE FURTHER PROVISIONS OF THIS SENIOR NOTE SET FORTH ON THE REVERSE HEREOF, WHICH FURTHER PROVISIONS SHALL FOR ALL PURPOSES HAVE THE SAME EFFECT AS IF SET FORTH AT THIS PLACE. Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the Trustee by manual signature, this Senior Note shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.


 
A-4 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed. Dated: ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. By: Name: Title:


 
A-5 CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION This is one of the Senior Notes referred to in the within mentioned Indenture. WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee By: Authorized Signatory Dated:


 
A-6 REVERSE OF SENIOR NOTE 1. This Senior Note is one of a duly authorized issue of senior debt securities of the Company (the “Securities”) issued and issuable in one or more series under an Indenture dated as of April 26, 2017 (the “Original Indenture”), as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 26, 2017 (the “First Supplemental Indenture,” and together with the Original Indenture, the “Indenture”), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee,” which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Senior Notes issued thereunder and of the terms upon which said Senior Notes are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. This Senior Note is one of the series designated on the face hereof as the 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022, initially limited in aggregate principal amount of $25,000,000 (1,000,000 units of $25 each); provided, however, that (subject to the provisions of the First Supplemental Indenture) the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes may be increased in the future with no limit, without the consent of the holders of the Senior Notes, on the same terms and with the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as the Senior Notes, except for the issue price, Original Issue Date and, if applicable, the first Interest Payment Date and the initial interest accrual date, provided that no Event of Default with respect to the Senior Notes shall have occurred and be continuing. Capitalized terms used herein for which no definition is provided herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Indenture. 2. This Senior Note is exchangeable in whole or, from time to time, in part for Senior Notes in definitive registered form only as provided herein and in the Indenture. If (i) at any time the Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for this Senior Note or if at any time the Depositary shall no longer be registered or in good standing as a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or other applicable statute or regulation, at such time as the Depositary is required to be so registered and the Depositary so notifies the Company and, in each case, the Company does not appoint a successor Depositary within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, (ii) any Event of Default or Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to the Senior Notes or (iii) subject to the procedures of the Depositary, the Company in its sole discretion determines that this Senior Note shall be exchangeable for Senior Notes in definitive registered form and executes and delivers to the Security Registrar a written order of the Company providing that this Senior Note shall be so exchangeable, this Senior Note shall be exchangeable for Senior Notes in definitive registered form, provided that the definitive Senior Notes so issued in exchange for this Senior Note shall be in minimum denominations of $25 and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof (or units, each unit representing $25) and be of like aggregate principal amount and tenor as the portion of this Senior Note to be exchanged. Except as provided above or in the First Supplemental Indenture, owners of beneficial interests in this Senior Note will not be entitled to have Senior Notes registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of Senior Notes in definitive registered form and will not be considered the holders thereof for any purpose under the Indenture. None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent nor the Security Registrar shall have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in this Senior Note, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. 3. If an Event of Default with respect to the Senior Notes shall occur and be continuing, the principal of the Senior Notes may be declared due and payable in the manner, with the effect and subject to the conditions provided in the Indenture. 4. The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the Company and the rights of the holders of the Securities under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of the holders of greater than 50% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains provisions permitting the holders of specified percentages in principal amount of the Senior Notes at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the holders of all Senior Notes, to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the holder of this Senior Note shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders of this Senior Note and of any Senior Note issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Senior Note.


 
A-7 5. The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at any time of (a) the entire indebtedness of the Company pursuant to this Senior Note and (b) restrictive covenants and the related Events of Default, upon compliance by the Company with certain conditions set forth therein, which provisions apply to this Senior Note. 6. At any time and from time to time on April 26, 2020, or any Interest Payment Date thereafter, this Senior Note will be redeemable at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, such Redemption Date. 7. If less than all of the Senior Notes are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Senior Notes or portions of Senior Notes to be redeemed by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate. The Trustee may select for redemption Senior Notes and portions of Senior Notes in amounts of $25 and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of Senior Notes to be redeemed, in whole or in part; provided that if the Senior Notes are represented by one or more Global Securities, interests in such Global Securities shall be selected for redemption by the Depositary in accordance with its standard procedures therefor. 8. No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Senior Note or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest due on this Senior Note at the time, place and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed. 9. (a) As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the transfer of this Senior Note is registrable in the Security Register, upon surrender of this Senior Note for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company for such purpose, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar and duly executed by, the holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Senior Notes, of authorized denominations and of like tenor and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees. No service charge shall be made for any such exchange or registration of transfer, but the Company will require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith. (b) Prior to due presentment of this Senior Note for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent and the Security Registrar of the Company or the Trustee may deem and treat the Person in whose name this Senior Note is registered as the absolute owner hereof for all purposes (subject to Section 1.03(a) of the First Supplement Indenture), whether or not this Senior Note be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar, and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any Paying Agent nor the Security Registrar shall be affected by notice to the contrary. Except as provided in Section 1.03(a) of the First Supplemental Indenture, all payments of the principal of and premium, if any, and interest due on this Senior Note made to or upon the order of the registered holder hereof shall, to the extent of the amount or amounts so paid, effectually satisfy and discharge liability for moneys payable on this Senior Note. (c) The Senior Notes are issuable only in registered form without coupons in minimum denominations of $25, or any integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof (or units, each unit representing $25). As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, Senior Notes are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the holder surrendering the same upon surrender of the Senior Note or Senior Notes to be exchanged at the office or agency of the Company. 10. No recourse shall be had for payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on this Senior Note, or for any claim based hereon, or otherwise in respect hereof, or based on or in respect of the Indenture, against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future, as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise, all such liability being, by the acceptance hereof and as part of the consideration for the issuance hereof, expressly waived and released. 11. This Senior Note shall be deemed to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with laws of said State.


 
A-8 ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this instrument, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations: TEN COM - as tenants in common UNIF GIFT MIN ACT - Custodian under Uniform Gift to Minors Act (State) TEN ENT - as tenants by the entireties JT TEN - as joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common. Additional abbreviations may also be used though not on the above list. FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sell(s) and transfer(s) unto PLEASE PRINT OR TYPEWRITE NAME AND ADDRESS, INCLUDING POSTAL ZIP CODE OF ASSIGNEE (please insert Social Security or other identifying number of assignee) the within Senior Note and all rights thereunder, hereby irrevocably constituting and appointing agent to transfer said Senior Note on the books of the Company, with full power of substitution in the premises. Dated: NOTICE: The signature to this assignment must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the within instrument in every particular without alteration or enlargement, or any change whatsoever.


 
A-1 THIS SENIOR NOTE IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ORIGINAL INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO. UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY (“DTC”), A NEW YORK CORPORATION, TO ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN SECTION 1.05 OF THE FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, THIS SENIOR NOTE MAY BE TRANSFERRED IN WHOLE, BUT NOT IN PART, ONLY TO DTC, TO ANOTHER NOMINEE OF DTC OR TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR TO A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.


 
A-2 No. [●] CUSIP No.: 049323 108 ISIN No.: US0493231080 ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. Global Certificate initially representing $25,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 Units: 1,000,000 Regular Record Date: With respect to each Interest Payment Date, the close of business on the preceding January 11, April 11, July 11 and October 11, as the case may be (whether or not a Business Day). Original Issue Date: April 26, 2017 Stated Maturity: April 26, 2022 Interest Payment Dates: January 26, April 26, July 26 and October 26 of each year, commencing July 26, 2017 Interest Rate: 6.625% per year Authorized Denomination: $25, or any integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof (each unit representing $25). This Global Certificate is in respect of a duly authorized issue of 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 (the “Senior Notes”) of Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company,” which term includes any successor corporation under the Indenture referred to on the reverse hereof). The Company, for value received, hereby promises to pay to Cede & Co., or registered assigns, the amount of principal of the Senior Notes represented by this Global Certificate on the Stated Maturity shown above, and to pay interest thereon from the Original Issue Date shown above, or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, quarterly in arrears on each Interest Payment Date as specified above, commencing July 26, 2017, and on the Stated Maturity at the Interest Rate per year shown above until the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment and on any overdue principal and on any overdue installment of interest at such rate to the extent permitted by law. The interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (other than an Interest Payment Date that is the Stated Maturity or any Redemption Date) will, as provided in the Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Senior Note is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date as specified above next preceding such Interest Payment Date, provided that any interest payable at Stated Maturity or on any Redemption Date will be paid to the Person to whom principal is payable. Any such interest that is not so punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the holders on such Regular Record Date and may be paid as provided in Section 3.08 of the Original Indenture. Payments of interest on this Senior Note will include interest accrued to but excluding the respective Interest Payment Dates. Interest payments for this Senior Note shall be computed and paid on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. In the event that any date on which interest is payable on this Senior Note is not a Business Day (including the Redemption Date), then payment of the interest payable on such date will be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay), except that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force and effect as if made on the date the payment was originally payable.


 
A-3 Payment of the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest due on this Senior Note at the Stated Maturity or upon redemption will be made upon surrender of this Senior Note at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee in the United States. The principal of, and premium, if any, and interest due on this Senior Note shall be paid in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts. Payment of interest (including interest on any Interest Payment Date) will be made, subject to such surrender where applicable and subject to the Trustee’s arrangements with the Depositary, at the option of the Company, (i) by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or (ii) by wire transfer at such place and to such account at a banking institution in the United States of America as may be designated in writing to the Trustee at least 15 days prior to the date for payment by the Person entitled thereto. The Senior Notes will be unsecured obligations of the Company and will rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The Senior Notes will rank senior to any subordinated indebtedness of the Company. REFERENCE IS HEREBY MADE TO THE FURTHER PROVISIONS OF THIS SENIOR NOTE SET FORTH ON THE REVERSE HEREOF, WHICH FURTHER PROVISIONS SHALL FOR ALL PURPOSES HAVE THE SAME EFFECT AS IF SET FORTH AT THIS PLACE. Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the Trustee by manual signature, this Senior Note shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.


 
A-4 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed. Dated: ATLAS FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. By: Name: Title:


 
A-5 CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION This is one of the Senior Notes referred to in the within mentioned Indenture. WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee By: Authorized Signatory Dated:


 
A-6 REVERSE OF SENIOR NOTE 1. This Senior Note is one of a duly authorized issue of senior debt securities of the Company (the “Securities”) issued and issuable in one or more series under an Indenture dated as of April 26, 2017 (the “Original Indenture”), as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 26, 2017 (the “First Supplemental Indenture,” and together with the Original Indenture, the “Indenture”), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee,” which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Senior Notes issued thereunder and of the terms upon which said Senior Notes are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. This Senior Note is one of the series designated on the face hereof as the 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022, initially limited in aggregate principal amount of $25,000,000 (1,000,000 units of $25 each); provided, however, that (subject to the provisions of the First Supplemental Indenture) the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes may be increased in the future with no limit, without the consent of the holders of the Senior Notes, on the same terms and with the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as the Senior Notes, except for the issue price, Original Issue Date and, if applicable, the first Interest Payment Date and the initial interest accrual date, provided that no Event of Default with respect to the Senior Notes shall have occurred and be continuing. Capitalized terms used herein for which no definition is provided herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Indenture. 2. This Senior Note is exchangeable in whole or, from time to time, in part for Senior Notes in definitive registered form only as provided herein and in the Indenture. If (i) at any time the Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for this Senior Note or if at any time the Depositary shall no longer be registered or in good standing as a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or other applicable statute or regulation, at such time as the Depositary is required to be so registered and the Depositary so notifies the Company and, in each case, the Company does not appoint a successor Depositary within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, (ii) any Event of Default or Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to the Senior Notes or (iii) subject to the procedures of the Depositary, the Company in its sole discretion determines that this Senior Note shall be exchangeable for Senior Notes in definitive registered form and executes and delivers to the Security Registrar a written order of the Company providing that this Senior Note shall be so exchangeable, this Senior Note shall be exchangeable for Senior Notes in definitive registered form, provided that the definitive Senior Notes so issued in exchange for this Senior Note shall be in minimum denominations of $25 and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof (or units, each unit representing $25) and be of like aggregate principal amount and tenor as the portion of this Senior Note to be exchanged. Except as provided above or in the First Supplemental Indenture, owners of beneficial interests in this Senior Note will not be entitled to have Senior Notes registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of Senior Notes in definitive registered form and will not be considered the holders thereof for any purpose under the Indenture. None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent nor the Security Registrar shall have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in this Senior Note, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. 3. If an Event of Default with respect to the Senior Notes shall occur and be continuing, the principal of the Senior Notes may be declared due and payable in the manner, with the effect and subject to the conditions provided in the Indenture. 4. The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the Company and the rights of the holders of the Securities under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of the holders of greater than 50% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains provisions permitting the holders of specified percentages in principal amount of the Senior Notes at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the holders of all Senior Notes, to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the holder of this Senior Note shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders of this Senior Note and of any Senior Note issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Senior Note.


 
A-7 5. The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at any time of (a) the entire indebtedness of the Company pursuant to this Senior Note and (b) restrictive covenants and the related Events of Default, upon compliance by the Company with certain conditions set forth therein, which provisions apply to this Senior Note. 6. At any time and from time to time on April 26, 2020, or any Interest Payment Date thereafter, this Senior Note will be redeemable at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, such Redemption Date. 7. If less than all of the Senior Notes are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Senior Notes or portions of Senior Notes to be redeemed by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate. The Trustee may select for redemption Senior Notes and portions of Senior Notes in amounts of $25 and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of Senior Notes to be redeemed, in whole or in part; provided that if the Senior Notes are represented by one or more Global Securities, interests in such Global Securities shall be selected for redemption by the Depositary in accordance with its standard procedures therefor. 8. No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Senior Note or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest due on this Senior Note at the time, place and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed. 9. (a) As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the transfer of this Senior Note is registrable in the Security Register, upon surrender of this Senior Note for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company for such purpose, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar and duly executed by, the holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Senior Notes, of authorized denominations and of like tenor and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees. No service charge shall be made for any such exchange or registration of transfer, but the Company will require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith. (b) Prior to due presentment of this Senior Note for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent and the Security Registrar of the Company or the Trustee may deem and treat the Person in whose name this Senior Note is registered as the absolute owner hereof for all purposes (subject to Section 1.03(a) of the First Supplement Indenture), whether or not this Senior Note be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar, and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any Paying Agent nor the Security Registrar shall be affected by notice to the contrary. Except as provided in Section 1.03(a) of the First Supplemental Indenture, all payments of the principal of and premium, if any, and interest due on this Senior Note made to or upon the order of the registered holder hereof shall, to the extent of the amount or amounts so paid, effectually satisfy and discharge liability for moneys payable on this Senior Note. (c) The Senior Notes are issuable only in registered form without coupons in minimum denominations of $25, or any integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof (or units, each unit representing $25). As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, Senior Notes are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the holder surrendering the same upon surrender of the Senior Note or Senior Notes to be exchanged at the office or agency of the Company. 10. No recourse shall be had for payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on this Senior Note, or for any claim based hereon, or otherwise in respect hereof, or based on or in respect of the Indenture, against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future, as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise, all such liability being, by the acceptance hereof and as part of the consideration for the issuance hereof, expressly waived and released. 11. This Senior Note shall be deemed to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with laws of said State.


 
A-8 ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this instrument, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations: TEN COM - as tenants in common UNIF GIFT MIN ACT - Custodian under Uniform Gift to Minors Act (State) TEN ENT - as tenants by the entireties JT TEN - as joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common. Additional abbreviations may also be used though not on the above list. FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sell(s) and transfer(s) unto PLEASE PRINT OR TYPEWRITE NAME AND ADDRESS, INCLUDING POSTAL ZIP CODE OF ASSIGNEE (please insert Social Security or other identifying number of assignee) the within Senior Note and all rights thereunder, hereby irrevocably constituting and appointing agent to transfer said Senior Note on the books of the Company, with full power of substitution in the premises. Dated: NOTICE: The signature to this assignment must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the within instrument in every particular without alteration or enlargement, or any change whatsoever.


 
Draft Legal – 8020894.4 Page 1 of 3 26 April 2017 Matter No: 704697Doc Ref: Legal – 12450631.2 Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. 150 Northwest Point Boulevard Elk Grove Village Illinois 60007 U.S.A. +1 345 814 7759 richard.fear@conyersdill.com Dear Sirs Re: Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. US$25m principal amount of 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 We have acted as special Cayman Islands legal counsel to Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) in connection with its proposal to issue and sell pursuant to an underwriting Agreement dated 21 April 2017 between the Company and the underwriters named in the Schedule hereto (the “Underwriting Agreement”) US$25,000,000 principal amount of its 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 (the “Notes”). The Notes will be issued pursuant to an indenture and a supplemental indenture each dated 26 April 2017 (together the (“Indenture”) between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. The Company has filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333- 195495) declared effective by the Commission on 12 May 2014, which registration statement covers the registration of the Notes under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). In this opinion letter such registration statement, including amendments thereto and any documents deemed to be part thereof by the rules and regulations under the 1933 Act, together with the prospectus contained in such registration statement and the prospectus supplement dated 21 April 2017 relating to offering of the Notes (together the “Prospectus“), is referred to as the “Registration Statement”.


 
Legal – 8020894.4 Page 2 of 3 For the purposes of giving this opinion, we have examined electronically transmitted copies of the following documents: (i) The Underwriting Agreement and the Indenture (which terms do not include any other instrument or agreement whether or not specifically referred to therein or attached as an exhibit or schedule thereto); and (ii) the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. We have also reviewed the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company dated 30 December 2010 as amended by special resolution dated 29 May 2014 (the “Constitutional Documents”), written resolutions of the directors of the Company dated 24 April 2017 and 20 May 2104 (the "Resolutions"), a Certificate of Good Standing issued by the Registrar of Companies in relation to the Company on 25 April 2017 (the “Certificate Date”) and such other documents and made such enquiries as to questions of law as we have deemed necessary in order to render the opinions set forth below. We have assumed (a) the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures and the conformity to the originals of all copies (whether or not certified) examined by us and the authenticity and completeness of the originals from which such copies were taken; (b) the capacity, power and authority of each of the parties to the Underwriting Agreement, the Indenture and the Notes, other than the Company, to enter into and perform its respective obligations under such documents, (c) the due execution and delivery of the Underwriting Agreement, the Indenture and the Notes by each of the parties thereto, other than the Company, and the physical delivery thereof by the Company with an intention to be bound thereby, (d) the accuracy and completeness of all factual representations made in the Registration Statement, Prospectus, Underwriting Agreement, Indenture and other documents reviewed by us; (e) that the Resolutions were passed by unanimous resolution, remain in full force and effect and have not been rescinded or amended; (f) that there is no provision of the law of any jurisdiction, other than the Cayman Islands, which would have any implication in relation to the opinions expressed herein; (g) the validity and binding effect of the Underwriting Agreement and Indenture under their governing law; and (h) that the Registration Statement and Prospectus are in compliance with and valid under all applicable laws and regulations of the United States of America and have been or will be duly filed with and declared effective by the Commission. We have made no investigation of and express no opinion in relation to the laws of any jurisdiction other than the Cayman Islands. This opinion is to be governed by and


 
Legal – 8020894.4 Page 3 of 3 construed in accordance with the laws of the Cayman Islands and is limited to and is given on the basis of the current law and practice in the Cayman Islands. This opinion is issued solely for the purposes of the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K by the Company with the Commission on or about the date hereof (the “Form 8-K”) and the offering of the Notes by the Company and is not to be relied upon in respect of any other matter. On the basis of and subject to the foregoing, we are of the opinion that: 1. The Company is duly incorporated and existing under the laws of the Cayman Islands and, based on the Certificate of Good Standing, in good standing as at the Certificate Date. Pursuant to the Companies Law (the “Law”), a company is deemed to be in good standing if all fees and penalties under the Law have been paid and the Registrar of Companies has no knowledge that the Company is in default under the Law. 2. The Company has taken all corporate action required to authorize its execution, delivery and performance of the Underwriting Agreement and Indenture, including the issuance of the Notes. 3. When issued in accordance with the Indenture, and delivered by or on behalf of the Company as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Notes will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company under the laws of the Cayman Islands. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to Form 8-K and to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus. In giving this consent, we do not hereby admit that we are experts within the meaning of Section 11 of the Securities Act or that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder. Yours faithfully, /s/ Conyers Dill & Pearman Conyers Dill & Pearman


 
DLA Piper LLP (US) 1251 Avenue of the America, 27th Floor New York, New York 10020-1104 www.dlapiper.com T 212.335.4500 F 212.335.4501 April 26, 2017 Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. 150 Northwest Point Boulevard Elk Grove Village, Illinois 60007 Re: Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. Ladies and Gentlemen: We have acted as special counsel to Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc., a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Company”), and have been requested to render this opinion in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), pursuant to the shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-195495) prepared and filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on April 25, 2014 (as amended through the date hereof, excluding the documents incorporated by reference therein, the “Registration Statement”), including a base prospectus, dated May 12, 2014, included therein at the time the Registration Statement became effective (the “Base Prospectus”), the preliminary prospectus supplement, dated April 19, 2017 and filed by the Company with the Commission on April 19, 2017 pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (together with the Base Prospectus, the “Preliminary Prospectus”), and the prospectus supplement dated April 21, 2017 and filed by the Company with the Commission on April 25, 2017 pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (the “Prospectus Supplement” and together with the Base Prospectus, the “Prospectus”) relating to the offer, issue and sale by the Company of $25,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 (the “Notes”) in connection with that certain Underwriting Agreement, dated April 21, 2017 (the “Underwriting Agreement”), between the Company and Sandler O’Neil & Partners, L.P., as representative of the several underwriters listed in Schedule I thereto (the “Underwriters”). The Notes are being issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated as of the date hereof (the “Base Indenture”), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as amended by a First Supplemental Indenture (the “Supplemental Indenture”), dated as of the date hereof, between the Company and the Trustee. The Base Indenture, as amended by the Supplemental Indenture, is referred to herein as the “Indenture”. This opinion is being provided at your request pursuant to Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K, 17 C.F.R. §229.601(b)(5), in connection with the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K by the Company with the Commission on the date hereof (the “Form 8-K”) and supplements our opinion, dated April 25, 2014, previously filed as Exhibit 5.2 to the Registration Statement. In rendering the opinions expressed herein, we have reviewed originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the following documents (collectively, the “Documents”): (a) The Registration Statement, including the Base Prospectus contained therein; (b) The Preliminary Prospectus; (c) The Prospectus Supplement;


 
Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. April 26, 2017 Page Two (d) An executed copy of the Underwriting Agreement (as attached to the Officer’s Certificate); (e) An executed copy of the Base Indenture (as attached to the Officer’s Certificate); (f) An executed copy of the Supplemental Indenture (as attached to the Officer’s Certificate); (g) The form of global note evidencing the Notes (the “Global Note”) (as attached to the Officer’s Certificate); (h) The T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of the Trustee (as filed pursuant to Rule 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, amended); (i) A certificate of an officer of the Company, dated as of the date hereof, as to certain factual matters (the “Officer’s Certificate”); and (j) Such other documents as we have considered necessary to the rendering of the opinion expressed below. In examining the Documents, and in rendering the opinion set forth below, we have assumed, without independent investigation, the following: (a) each of the parties to the Documents has duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered each of the Documents to which such party is a signatory and each instrument, agreement and other document executed in connection with the Documents to which such party is a signatory and each such party's (other than the Company’s) obligations set forth in such Documents and each other instrument, agreement and other document executed in connection with such Documents, are its legal, valid and binding obligations, enforceable in accordance with their respective terms; (b) each person executing any Document and any other instrument, agreement and other document executed in connection with the Documents on behalf of any such party is duly authorized to do so; (c) each natural person executing any Document and any other instrument, agreement and other document executed in connection with the Documents is legally competent to do so; (d) there are no oral or written modifications of or amendments or supplements to the Documents (other than such modifications or amendments or supplements identified above and attached to the Officer’s Certificate) and there has been no waiver of any of the provisions of the Documents by actions or conduct of the parties or otherwise; and (e) all Documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity with originals of all documents submitted to us as certified, photostatic or telecopies or portable document file (“.PDF”) copies (and the authenticity of the originals of such copies), the absence of other agreements or understandings among the parties that would modify the terms of the proposed transactions or the respective rights or obligations of the parties thereunder and the accuracy and completeness of all public records reviewed are accurate and complete. As to all factual matters relevant to the opinion set forth below, we have relied upon the representations and warranties made in the Underwriting Agreement and


 
Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. April 26, 2017 Page Three in the Officer’s Certificate as to the factual matters set forth therein, which we assume to be accurate and complete, and on the written statements and representations of officers of the Company and of public officials. Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein, it is our opinion that, when executed, and when the Notes have been authenticated by the Trustee as specified in the Indenture, and have been issued and delivered to, and paid for by, the Underwriters in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the Underwriting Agreement, each as described in the Prospectus, the Notes will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms. The opinion expressed above is subject to the following assumptions, exceptions, qualifications and limitations: (a) The foregoing opinion is rendered as of the date hereof. We assume no obligation to update such opinion to reflect any facts or circumstances that may hereafter come to our attention or changes in the law which may hereafter occur. (b) We have assumed that the Trustee’s certificate of authentication of the Global Note will have been manually signed by one of the Trustee’s authorized officers. We have further assumed that the Notes conform as to form to the specimens of the Global Notes, which we have not verified by inspection of the individual Notes, and that the specimens of the Global Notes are in the form contemplated in the Indenture. (c) We have made no investigation of, and we express no opinion as to, the laws of any jurisdiction other than the laws of the State of New York. This opinion concerns only the effect of the laws (exclusive of the principles of conflict of laws) of the State New York as currently in effect. We have made no inquiry into, and we express no opinion as to, the statutes, regulations, treaties, common law or other law of any nation, state, or jurisdiction. In particular, we express no opinion as to the laws of the Cayman Islands, and have relied upon an opinion of Conyers Dill & Pearman as to such matters. (d) We express no opinion as to compliance with the securities (or “blue sky”) laws of any jurisdiction. (e) The opinion stated herein relating to the validity, binding nature and enforceability of obligations of the Company is subject to (a) the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency (including, without limitation, all laws relating to fraudulent transfers), reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (b) the effect of general principles of equity (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), and (c) public policy considerations, statutes or court decisions that may limit the rights of a party to obtain indemnification or contribution.


 
Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. April 26, 2017 Page Four (f) With respect to our opinion stated herein relating to the validity, binding nature and enforceability of obligations of the Company, we express no opinion concerning the provisions of the Indenture or the Notes which provide for the jurisdiction of the courts of any particular jurisdiction, which may not be binding on the courts in the forums selected or excluded, the waiver of right to a jury trial, or the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief, or other equitable remedies. (g) With respect to our opinion stated herein relating to the validity, binding nature and enforceability of obligations of the Company, we express no opinion with respect to (i) whether acceleration of the Notes may affect the collectability of that portion of the stated principal amount thereof that might be determined to constitute unearned interest thereon, (ii) compliance with laws relating to permissible rates of interest, (iii) the creation, validity, perfection or priority of any security interest, mortgage, or lien, or (iv) any provision to the extent it requires any party to indemnify any other person against loss in obtaining the currency due following a court judgment in another currency. (h) This opinion is limited to the matters set forth herein, and no other opinion should be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. We consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K and to the reference to our firm under the heading “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus Supplement relating to the Notes. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder. Very truly yours, /s/ DLA Piper LLP (US) DLA Piper LLP (US)


 
Atlas Financial Holdings Prices $25.0 Million of Senior Notes Company Release 04/21/17 CHICAGO—(BUSINESS WIRE)—Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: AFH) (“Atlas” or the “Company”), today announced that it has priced an offering of $25.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2022, at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes. After the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, it expects to receive net proceeds of approximately $23.9 million. The offering is expected to close on April 26, 2017. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering, together with cash on hand, for the repayment of $19.4 million in outstanding indebtedness under its secured credit facility (which will then be terminated), repurchases of common stock, supporting organic growth, and potential acquisitions, as well as for general corporate purposes. Sandler O'Neill + Partners, L.P. acted as sole book-running manager for the offering. Boenning & Scattergood, Inc. and American Capital Partners, LLC acted as co-managers. The Notes have been issued pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement (File No. 333-195495) (including a base prospectus), a preliminary prospectus supplement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), and a final prospectus supplement to be filed with the SEC. This news release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy the notes described herein, nor shall there be any sale of the notes in any state or jurisdiction in which such an offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful. The notes offering is being made solely by means of a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus, copies of which may be obtained without charge by visiting EDGAR on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov or by contacting Sandler O'Neill + Partners, L.P., 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 6th Floor, New York, New York 10020, (866) 805-4128. Forward-Looking Statements This release includes forward-looking statements regarding Atlas and its insurance subsidiaries and businesses. Such statements are based on the current expectations of the management of each entity. The words "anticipate", "expect", "believe", "may", "should", "estimate", "project", "outlook", "forecast" or similar words are used to identify such forward looking information. The forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this release may not occur and could differ materially as a result of known and unknown risk factors and uncertainties affecting the Company and its subsidiaries, including risks regarding the insurance industry, economic factors and the equity markets generally and the risk factors discussed in the "Risk Factors" section of the Company's registration statement on Form S-3 and the prospectus supplement. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Except as required by applicable securities laws, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made and Atlas and its subsidiaries undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. ###


 
At the Company: Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. Scott Wollney, CEO Phone: 847-700-8600 swollney@atlas-fin.com www.atlas-fin.com Investor Relations: The Equity Group Inc. Adam Prior, Senior Vice President 212-836-9606 aprior@equityny.com www.theequitygroup.com Source: Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc.


 
Atlas Financial Holdings Announces Closing of $25.0 Million Senior Notes Offering Company Release 04/26/17 CHICAGO—(BUSINESS WIRE)—Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: AFH) (“Atlas” or the “Company”), today announced that it has closed its previously announced public offering of $25.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2022 (the “Notes”). The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering, together with cash on hand, for the repayment of $19.4 million in outstanding indebtedness under its secured credit facility (which will then be terminated), repurchases of common stock, supporting organic growth, and potential acquisitions, as well as for general corporate purposes. Sandler O'Neill + Partners, L.P. acted as sole book-running manager for the offering. Boenning & Scattergood, Inc. and American Capital Partners, LLC acted as co-managers. The Notes have been issued pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement (File No. 333-195495) (including a base prospectus) and a final prospectus supplement that has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The Company has applied for the Notes to be listed on the Nasdaq Global Market and will provide the ticker symbol when it becomes available via the Investor Relations section of its website. This news release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy the notes described herein, nor shall there be any sale of the notes in any state or jurisdiction in which such an offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful. The notes offering is being made solely by means of a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus, copies of which may be obtained without charge by visiting EDGAR on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov or by contacting Sandler O'Neill + Partners, L.P., 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 6th Floor, New York, New York 10020, (866) 805-4128. About Atlas The primary business of Atlas is commercial automobile insurance in the United States, with a niche market orientation and focus on insurance for the "light" commercial automobile sector including taxi cabs, non-emergency paratransit, limousine/livery and business auto. The business of Atlas is carried on through its subsidiaries American Country Insurance Company, American Service Insurance Company, Inc., Gateway Insurance Company, Global Liberty Insurance Company of New York, Anchor Holdings Group, Inc., Anchor Group Management, Inc., and Plainview Premium Finance Company, Inc. Forward-Looking Statements This release includes forward-looking statements regarding Atlas and its insurance subsidiaries and businesses. Such statements are based on the current expectations of the management of each entity. The words "anticipate", "expect", "believe", "may", "should", "estimate", "project", "outlook", "forecast" or similar words are used to identify such forward looking information. The forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this release may not occur and could differ materially as a result of known and unknown risk factors and uncertainties affecting the Company and its subsidiaries, including risks regarding the insurance industry, economic factors and the equity markets generally and the risk factors discussed in the "Risk Factors" section of the Company's registration statement on Form S-3 and the prospectus supplement. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Except as required by


 
applicable securities laws, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made and Atlas and its subsidiaries undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. For more information about Atlas, please visit www.atlas-fin.com. ### At the Company: Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc. Scott Wollney, CEO Phone: 847-700-8600 swollney@atlas-fin.com www.atlas-fin.com Investor Relations: The Equity Group Inc. Adam Prior, Senior Vice President 212-836-9606 aprior@equityny.com www.theequitygroup.com Source: Atlas Financial Holdings, Inc.