UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
 
FORM 8-K
 
 
 
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): December 4, 2018
 
 
 
Innovate Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
 
Delaware
 
001-37797
 
27-3948465
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(Commission
File Number)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
8480 Honeycutt Road, Suite 120, Raleigh, NC 27615
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
 
(919) 275-1933
(Registrant’s telephone number, include area code)
 
N/A
(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)
 
 
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
 
¨
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
 
¨
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
 
¨
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
 
¨
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).
 
Emerging growth company x
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. x
 





 
Item 5.02.
Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.
 On December 4, 2018, the stockholders of Innovate Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) approved an amendment to the Innovate Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) to provide for an additional 3,000,000 shares of common stock to be issued pursuant to the Plan and an evergreen provision to automatically increase the number of shares issuable pursuant to the Plan on an annual basis for the period commencing on January 1, 2019 and ending on January 1, 2022. The Board of Directors of the Company previously approved the adoption of the Plan on September 28, 2018, subject to stockholder approval of the amendment to Section 4.01 of the Plan. The Plan will terminate automatically on April 30, 2022.
 
The terms of the Plan are set forth under the caption “Proposal 2-Approval of An Amendment to the Plan” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 16, 2018 (the “Proxy Statement”). Such description is incorporated herein by reference and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Plan, which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
 
Item 5.03.
Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.
 On December 4, 2018, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company approved amendments to the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws to (i) revise the advance notice provisions, including with respect to the information stockholders are required to provide with respect to director nominations and the submission of proposals at annual meetings, (ii) include a forum selection provision requiring stockholder class actions and derivative suits to be filed in the Delaware Chancery Court and requiring certain actions to be filed in the federal district courts of the U.S., (iii) to revise the voting standards applicable to certain matters submitted to a vote of stockholders and (iv) make certain technical changes and conforming changes to reflect certain changes to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation that were approved by the Company’s stockholders at its annual meeting, as more fully described in Item 5.07 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.

The foregoing description of the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Amended and Restated Bylaws, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 5.07.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
 The Company held its Annual Meeting of Stockholders on December 4, 2018. The stockholders considered ten proposals, each of which is described in more detail in the Proxy Statement.

Proposal 1 : To elect seven nominees as described in the Proxy Statement. The votes were cast as follows:
Nominee
For
Withheld
Broker Non-Votes
Lorin K. Johnson, Ph.D.
15,555,113

214,506

2,791,010

Roy Proujansky, M.D.
15,686,957

82,662

2,791,010

Anthony E. Maida, Ph.D.
15,491,901

277,718

2,791,010

Saira Ramasastry, M.S., M. Phil.
15,456,636

312,983

2,791,010

Christopher Prior, Ph.D.
15,579,915

189,704

2,791,010

Jay Madan, M.S.
15,419,657

349,962

2,791,010

Sandeep Laumas, M.D.
15,365,793

403,826

2,791,010


All nominees were elected.






Proposal 2 : To approve an amendment to the Plan to provide for an additional 3,000,000 shares of common stock to be issued pursuant to the Plan and an evergreen provision to automatically increase the number of shares issuable pursuant to the Plan on an annual basis for the period commencing on January 1, 2019 and ending on January 1, 2022. The votes were cast as follows:
For
Against
Abstain
14,443,812
1,280,117
45,690
Broker non-votes: 2,791,010.

Proposal 2 was approved.

Proposal 3 : To approve an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Restated Certificate”) to provide for a classified Board and grant to the Board the exclusive authority to fill vacancies on the Board. The votes were cast as follows:
For
Against
Abstain
14,581,637
1,162,866
25,116
Broker non-votes: 2,791,010.

Proposal 3 was approved.

Proposal 4 : To approve an amendment to the Restated Certificate to require that special meetings of stockholders be called by (i) the Board pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of directors then in office, (ii) the chairperson of the Board, (iii) the chief executive officer or (iv) the president. The votes were cast as follows:
For
Against
Abstain
14,889,385
875,460
4,774
Broker non-votes: 2,791,010.

Proposal 4 was approved.

Proposal 5 : To approve an amendment to the Restated Certificate to permit stockholder action to be taken only at a duly called annual or special meeting and to prohibit stockholder action by written consent or electronic transmission. The votes were cast as follows:
For
Against
Abstain
14,805,480
960,013
4,126
Broker non-votes: 2,791,010.

Proposal 5 was approved.

Proposal 6 : To approve an amendment to the Restated Certificate to prohibit director removal without cause and to allow removal with cause only by the vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the then-outstanding shares of common stock of the Company. The votes were cast as follows:
For
Against
Abstain
14,737,098
1,024,656
7,865
Broker non-votes: 2,791,010.

Proposal 6 was approved.






Proposal 7 : To approve an amendment to the Restated Certificate to grant to the Board the exclusive authority to increase or decrease the size of the Board. The votes were cast as follows:
For
Against
Abstain
14,702,184
1,061,138
6,297
Broker non-votes: 2,791,010.

Proposal 7 was approved.

Proposal 8 : To approve an amendment to the Restated Certificate to require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company to amend certain provisions of the Restated Certificate and to amend the Amended and Restated Bylaws. The votes were cast as follows:
For
Against
Abstain
14,824,057
939,834
5,728
Broker non-votes: 2,791,010.

Proposal 8 was approved.

Proposal 9 : To approve an amendment to the Restated Certificate to conform certain provisions to Delaware law and to make various other clarifying and technical changes. The votes were cast as follows:
For
Against
Abstain
15,616,937
147,965
4,717
Broker non-votes: 2,791,010.

Proposal 9 was approved.

Proposal 10 : To ratify the selection of Mayer Hoffman McCann, P.C. as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2018. The votes were cast as follows:
For
Against
Abstain
18,486,063
62,278
12,288

Proposal 10 was approved.

Item 9.01.
Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits
Exhibit No.
Description
3.1
3.2
10.1








SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
Innovate Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.
 
 
 
Date: December 10, 2018
By:
/s/ Jay P. Madan
 
 
Jay P. Madan
 
 
President and Chief Business Officer




Exhibit 3.1

INNOVATE BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
a Delaware corporation
(the “ Corporation ”)
 
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

(effective as of December 5, 2018)
 
ARTICLE I.
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
 
SECTION 1. Annual Meetings of Stockholders . The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation (the “ annual meeting ”) shall be held on such date as shall be designated by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, and on any subsequent day or days to which such meeting may be adjourned, for the purposes of electing directors and of transacting such other business as may properly come before the meeting. The Board of Directors shall designate the place (if any), within or without the State of Delaware, and time for the holding of such meeting.
(a) At the annual meeting, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the annual meeting. To be properly brought before the annual meeting, business must be (i) brought before the meeting by the Corporation and specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 4 of Article I of these Bylaws, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder of the Corporation who (A) was a stockholder of record of the Corporation (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such business is proposed, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation) both at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 1 of Article I and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (C) has complied with this Section 1 of Article I as to such business. Except for proposals made only pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (as so amended and inclusive of such rules and regulations, the “ Exchange Act ”), and included in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, the foregoing clause (iii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to propose business to be brought before an annual meeting. Stockholders shall not be permitted to propose business to be brought before a special meeting of the stockholders, and the only matters that may be brought before a special meeting are the matters specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person or persons calling the meeting pursuant to Section 2 of this Article I of these Bylaws. Stockholders seeking to nominate persons for election to the Board of Directors must comply with Section 9 of Article I of these Bylaws.
(b) For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must (i) provide Timely Notice (as defined below) thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation, even if the matter is already the subject of any notice to the stockholders or public disclosure (as defined in Section 1(i) of Article I of these Bylaws) from the Board of Directors, and (ii) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 1 of Article I. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided , however , that if the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered, or mailed and received, not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120 th ) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the later of (A) the ninetieth (90 th ) day prior to such annual meeting or (B) the tenth (10 th ) day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was first made (such notice within such time periods, “ Timely Notice ”). In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of Timely Notice as described above.
(c) To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 1 of Article I, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth:
(i) As to each Proposing Person (as defined below), (A) the name and address of such Proposing Person (including, without limitation, if applicable, the name and address that appear on the Corporation’s books and records) and (B) the class or series and number of shares of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially owned (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by such Proposing Person, except that such Proposing Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own any shares of any class or series of the Corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any

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time in the future (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) and (B) are referred to as “ Stockholder Information ”);
(ii) As to each Proposing Person, (A) any derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to give such Proposing Person economic risk similar to ownership of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, including, without limitation, due to the fact that the value of such derivative, swap or other transactions are determined by reference to the price, value or volatility of any shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or which derivative, swap or other transactions provide, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any increase in the price or value of shares of any class or series of the Corporation (“ Synthetic Equity Interests ”), which Synthetic Equity Interests shall be disclosed without regard to whether (x) the derivative, swap or other transactions convey any voting rights in such shares to such Proposing Person, (y) the derivative, swap or other transactions are required to be, or are capable of being, settled through delivery of such shares or (z) such Proposing Person may have entered into other transactions that hedge or mitigate the economic effect of such derivative, swap or other transactions, (B) any proxy (other than a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act by way of a solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A), agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such Proposing Person has or shares a right to vote any shares of any class or series of the Corporation, (C) any agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship, including, without limitation, any repurchase or similar so-called “stock borrowing” agreement or arrangement, engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the economic risk (of ownership or otherwise) of shares of any class or series of the Corporation by, manage the risk of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such Proposing Person with respect to the shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or which provides, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any decrease in the price or value of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation (“ Short Interests ”), (D) any rights to dividends on the shares of any class or series of the Corporation owned beneficially by such Proposing Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (E) any performance related fees (other than an asset based fee) that such Proposing Person is entitled to base on any increase or decrease in the price or value of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests, if any, (F)(x) if such Proposing Person is not a natural person, the identity of the natural person or persons associated with such Proposing Person responsible for the formulation of and decision to propose the business to be brought before the meeting (such person or persons, the “ Responsible Person ”), the manner in which such Responsible Person was selected, any fiduciary duties owed by such Responsible Person to the equity holders or other beneficiaries of such Proposing Person, the qualifications and background of such Responsible Person and any material interests or relationships of such Responsible Person that are not shared generally by any other record or beneficial holder of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation and that reasonably could have influenced the decision of such Proposing Person to propose such business to be brought before the meeting, and (y) if such Proposing Person is a natural person, the qualifications and background of such natural person and any material interests or relationships of such natural person that are not shared generally by any other record or beneficial holder of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation and that reasonably could have influenced the decision of such Proposing Person to propose such business to be brought before the meeting, (G) any significant equity interests or any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests in any principal competitor of the Corporation held by such Proposing Persons, (H) any direct or indirect interest of such Proposing Person in any contract with the Corporation, any affiliate of the Corporation or any principal competitor of the Corporation (including, without limitation, in any such case, any employment agreement, collective bargaining agreement or consulting agreement), (I) any pending or threatened litigation in which such Proposing Person is a party or material participant involving the Corporation or any of its officers or directors, or any affiliate of the Corporation, (J) any material transaction occurring during the prior twelve (12) months between such Proposing Person, on the one hand, and the Corporation, any affiliate of the Corporation or any principal competitor of the Corporation, on the other hand, (K) a summary of any material discussions regarding the business proposed to be brought before the meeting (x) between or among any of the Proposing Persons or (y) between or among any Proposing Person and any other record or beneficial holder of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation (including, without limitation, their names) and (L) any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such Proposing Person in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (L) are referred to as “ Disclosable Interests ”); provided , however , that, for purposes of these Bylaws, Disclosable Interests shall not include any such disclosures with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee that is a

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Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner; and
(iii) As to each item of business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, (A) a reasonably brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting and any material interest (including, without limitation, as defined in Item 5 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange) in such business of (and any anticipated benefit from such business to) each Proposing Person, (B) the text of the proposal or business (including, without limitation, the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment), (C) a reasonably detailed description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between or among any of the Proposing Persons or between or among any Proposing Person and any other person or entity (including, without limitation, their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder, (D) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person at the meeting to propose such business, (E) a representation whether the Proposing Person intends or is part of a group that intends (1) to deliver a proxy or consent solicitation statement and/or form of proxy or consent to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal and/or (2) otherwise to solicit proxies, consents or votes from stockholders in support of such proposal and (F) any other information relating to such item of business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act; provided , however , that the disclosures required by this clause (iii) shall not include any disclosures with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee that is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner.
(d) For purposes of this Section 1 of Article I, the term “ Proposing Person ” shall mean (i) the stockholder providing the notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the business proposed to be brought before the annual meeting is made, (iii) any affiliate or associate (each within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act) of such stockholder or beneficial owner and (iv) any other person or entity with whom such stockholder or beneficial owner (or any of their respective affiliates or associates) is Acting in Concert (as defined below).
(e) A person or entity shall be deemed to be “ Acting in Concert ” with another person or entity for purposes of these Bylaws if such person or entity knowingly acts (whether or not pursuant to an express agreement, arrangement or understanding) in concert with, or towards a common goal relating to the management, governance or control of the Corporation in parallel with, such other person or entity where (i) each person or entity is conscious of the other person or entity’s conduct or intent and this awareness is an element in their decision-making processes and (ii) at least one additional factor suggests that such persons or entities intend to act in concert or in parallel, which such additional factors may include, without limitation, exchanging information (whether publicly or privately), attending meetings, conducting discussions, or making or soliciting invitations to act in concert or in parallel; provided , that a person or entity shall not be deemed to be Acting in Concert with any other person or entity solely as a result of the solicitation or receipt of revocable proxies or consents from such other person or entity in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act by way of a proxy or consent solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A. A person or entity Acting in Concert with another person or entity shall be deemed to be Acting in Concert with any third party who is also Acting in Concert with such other person or entity.
(f) A stockholder providing notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 1 of Article I shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the annual meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the annual meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).
(g) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, and except as otherwise expressly provided pursuant to the Exchange Act, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting except in accordance with this Section 1 of Article I.

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Subject to paragraph (j), the presiding officer of an annual meeting shall have the power and duty (i) to determine that any business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 1 of Article I (including, without limitation, whether the stockholder or beneficial owner (if any) on whose behalf the business proposed to be brought before the annual meeting is made, solicited (or is part of a group that solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies, consents or votes in support of such stockholder’s business in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by clause (c)(iii)(E) of this Section 1 of Article I); and (ii) if any proposed business was not proposed in compliance with this Section 1 of Article I, to declare to the meeting that any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.
(h) The foregoing notice requirements of this Section 1 of Article I shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder with respect to business other than a nomination if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of such stockholder’s intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting only pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and such proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. Nothing in this Section 1 of Article I shall be deemed to affect the rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.
(i) For purposes of these Bylaws, “public disclosure” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by a national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
(j) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1 of Article I, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear in person at the annual meeting to present proposed business, such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 1 of Article I, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized to act for such stockholder as proxy at the annual meeting by a writing executed by such stockholder and delivered by such stockholder to the Corporation prior to the making of such proposal, and such person must produce such writing (or a reliable reproduction or electronic transmission of the writing) at the annual meeting.
(k) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1 of Article I, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 1 of Article I; provided , however , that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act are not intended to and shall not limit any requirements applicable to proposals as to any business to be considered pursuant to this Section 1 of Article I (including, without limitation, paragraph (a)(iii) hereof), and compliance with paragraph (a)(iii) of this Section 1 of Article I shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to submit business (other than, as provided in paragraph (h) of this Section 1 of Article I, business brought properly under and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act, as may be amended from time to time).
 
SECTION 2. Special Meetings of Stockholders . Subject to the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock of the Corporation, special meetings of the stockholders may be called at any time only by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved by an affirmative vote of a majority of the directors of the Corporation then in office, by the Chairperson of the Board of Directors, by the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation or by the President of the Corporation, and may not be called by any other person or persons. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of the stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the person or persons who duly called such special meeting. Upon written request of the person or persons who have duly called a special meeting, it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Corporation to fix the date of the meeting to be held not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days after the receipt of the request and to give due notice thereof in accordance with Section 4 of this Article I. If the Secretary shall neglect or refuse to fix the date of the meeting and give notice thereof, the person or persons calling the meeting may do so.
 
SECTION 3. Place of Special Meeting . Every special meeting of the stockholders shall be held at such place (if any) within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors or person who has duly called a special meeting may designate.
 
SECTION 4. Notice of Meetings . Except as otherwise required by law, written notice of the place (if any), date and time of every meeting of the stockholders and the means of remote communications (if any) by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in the case of all special meetings of stockholders, the purpose or purposes of the meeting, shall be given by the Secretary of the Corporation to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting, by placing such notice in the mail at least ten (10) days, but not more than sixty (60) days, prior to the day named for the meeting, addressed to each stockholder at such stockholder’s address appearing on the books of the Corporation or supplied by such stockholder to the Corporation for the purpose of notice.
 

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SECTION 5. Record Date . In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted and shall be not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days preceding the date of any meeting of the stockholders. The Board of Directors shall not be required to close the books of the Corporation against transfers of shares during the whole or any part of such period. The initial determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of such meeting; provided , that the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
 
SECTION 6. Proxies . Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy authorized by an instrument in writing or by a transmission permitted by law and filed in accordance with the procedure established for the meeting, but no such proxy shall be voted after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. The notice of every meeting of the stockholders may be accompanied by a form of proxy approved by the Board of Directors in favor of such person or persons as the Board of Directors may select.
     
SECTION 7. Quorum and Voting . Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (the “ Certificate of Incorporation ”) or required by law, a majority of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the stockholders, and the stockholders present at any duly convened meeting may continue to do business until adjournment notwithstanding any withdrawal from the meeting of holders of shares counted in determining the existence of a quorum. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in the election by the holders of the voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. For all other matters as to which no other voting requirement is specified by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”), the rules of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the Corporation’s securities are listed or admitted for trading, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the vote required for stockholder action shall be majority of the votes cast affirmatively or negatively (excluding abstentions) by the holders of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon. The stockholders shall not have the right to cumulate their votes for the election of directors of the Corporation.
 
SECTION 8. Adjournment . Any annual or special meeting of the stockholders, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned for any reason from time to time by the presiding officer, without notice other than by announcement at the meeting at which such adjournment is taken, and at any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present any action may be taken that could have been taken at the meeting originally called; provided , that if the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting.
 
SECTION 9. Nominations for Election as a Director . Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws shall be eligible for election as, and to serve as, directors.
(a) Nominations of any person for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting or at a special meeting (but only if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person or persons calling such special meeting) may be made at such meeting only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (ii) by a stockholder who (A) was a stockholder of record of the Corporation (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such nomination is proposed to be made, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation) both at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 9 of Article I and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (C) has complied with this Section 9 of Article I as to such nomination. The foregoing clause (ii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board of Directors to be considered by the stockholders at an annual meeting or special meeting.
 
(b) For a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting, the stockholder must (i) provide Timely Notice (as defined in Section 1(b) of Article I of these Bylaws) thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation and (ii) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 9 of Article I. Notwithstanding anything in this paragraph (b) to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting is increased effective after the time period for which nominations would otherwise be due under this paragraph (b) and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming the nominees for the additional directorships at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this paragraph (b) shall also be

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considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for such additional directorships, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation. With respect to special meetings of the stockholders, if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person or persons calling a special meeting, then for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board of Directors at such special meeting, the stockholder must (i) provide timely notice thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation and (ii) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 9 of Article I. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice for nominations to be made at a special meeting must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120 th ) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the later of (A) the ninetieth (90 th ) day prior to such special meeting or (B) the tenth (10 th ) day following the day on which public disclosure (as defined in Section 1(i) of Article I of these Bylaws) of the date of such special meeting was first made. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.
(c) To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 9 of Article I, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth:
(i) As to each Nominating Person (as defined below), the Stockholder Information (as defined in Section 1(c)(i) of Article I of these Bylaws) except that for purposes of this Section 9 of Article I, the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 1(c)(i) of Article I;
(ii) As to each Nominating Person, any Disclosable Interests (as defined in Section 1(c)(ii) of Article I, except that for purposes of this Section 9 of Article I the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 1(c)(ii) of Article I and the disclosure in clause (L) of Section 1(c)(ii) of Article I shall be made with respect to the election of directors at the meeting); and
 
(iii) As to each person whom a Nominating Person proposes to nominate for election as a director, (A) all information with respect to such proposed nominee that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice pursuant to this Section 9 of Article I if such proposed nominee were a Nominating Person, (B) all information relating to such proposed nominee that is required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents for the election of directors in a contested election (even if an election contest is not involved) pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (including, without limitation, such proposed nominee’s written consent to being named in the proxy or consent solicitation statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected) or that is otherwise required to be disclosed under such section, (C) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three (3) years, and any other material relationships, between or among any Nominating Person, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, his or her affiliates or associates and any other persons with whom such proposed nominee (or any of his or her affiliates or associates) is Acting in Concert (as defined in Section 1(e) of Article I of these Bylaws), on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act if such Nominating Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such item and the proposed nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (C) are referred to as “ Nominee Information ”), (D) a representation that the Nominating Person is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person at the meeting to propose such nomination, (E) a representation whether the Nominating Person intends or is part of a group that intends (1) to deliver a proxy or consent solicitation statement and/or form of proxy or consent to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to elect the nominee and/or (2) otherwise to solicit proxies, consents or votes from stockholders in support of such nomination and (F) a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement as provided in this Section 9(g) of Article I; and
(iv) The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information (A) as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation in accordance with the Corporation’s Corporate Governance Guidelines or (B) that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence or lack of independence of such proposed nominee.
(d) For purposes of this Section 9 of Article I, the term “ Nominating Person ” shall mean (i) the stockholder providing the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting, (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting is made, (iii) any affiliate or

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associate of such stockholder or beneficial owner and (iv) any other person or entity with whom such stockholder or such beneficial owner (or any of their respective affiliates or associates) is Acting in Concert.
(e) A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 9 of Article I shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).
(f) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, and except as otherwise expressly provided pursuant to the Exchange Act, no person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with this Section 9 of Article I. The presiding officer at any meeting of the stockholders shall have the power and duty to (a) determine that a nomination was not properly made in accordance with this Section 9 of Article I (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner (if any) on whose behalf the nomination was made, solicited or is part of a group that solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies or votes in support of such stockholder’s nomination in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by clause (c)(iii)(E) of this Section 9 of Article I); and (b) if any proposed nomination was not made in compliance with this Section 9 of Article I to declare such determination to the meeting that the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
(g) To be eligible to be a nominee for election as a director of the Corporation, the proposed nominee must deliver (within the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under this Section 9 of Article I) to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such proposed nominee (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written representation and agreement (in form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such proposed nominee (i) is not and will not become a party to (A) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “ Voting Commitment ”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (B) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such proposed nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (ii) is not, and will not become a party to, any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director, in each case, that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, and (iii) in such proposed nominee’s individual capacity and on behalf of the stockholder (or the beneficial owner, if different) on whose behalf the nomination is made, as applicable, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation.
(h) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 9 of Article I, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear in person at the meeting to present the proposed nomination, such proposed nomination shall not be considered, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 9 of Article I, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of the stockholders by a writing executed by such stockholder and delivered by such stockholder to the Corporation prior to the making of such proposal, and such person must produce such writing (or a reliable reproduction or electronic transmission of the writing) at the meeting.
(i) In addition to the requirements of this Section 9 of Article I with respect to any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting, each Nominating Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such nominations.

SECTION 10. No Action by Written Consent . Subject to the rights of holders of any series of preferred stock, no action shall be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation except at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders. Stockholders may not act by written consent or by electronic transmission in lieu of a meeting.
 
 

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ARTICLE II.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
SECTION 1. Number of Directors . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. Subject to the rights of holders of any series of preferred stock, the number of directors of the Corporation shall be established from time to time by the Board of Directors; provided the Board of Directors shall consist of at least one (1) member; provided , further that no decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. Each director shall hold office for the full term to which he or she shall have been elected and until his or her successor is duly elected and shall qualify, or until his or her earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. A director need not be a resident of the State of Delaware or a stockholder of the Corporation.
 
SECTION 2. Vacancies . Except as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or any other cause shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, or by the sole remaining director, and shall not be filled by the stockholders. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred, subject to the election and qualification of a successor and to such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.
 
SECTION 3. Removal by Stockholders . Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock of the Corporation, the Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed from office only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at an election of directors.
 
SECTION 4. Regular Meetings . Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held without notice at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware, at such time and on such day as may be determined by the Board; provided , that any director who is absent when such determination is made shall be given notice of the determination. A regular meeting of the Board may be held without notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders.

SECTION 5. Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held, whenever called by the Chairperson of the Board of Directors, by the Chairperson of the Executive Committee (if any), by the Chief Executive Officer, by the President, by two directors or by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware as may be stated in the notice of the meeting delivered pursuant to Section 6 of this Article II.
 
SECTION 6. Notice . Notice of the time and place of, and general nature of the business to be transacted at, all special meetings of the Board of Directors, and written notice of any change in the time or place of holding the regular meetings of the Board of Directors, shall be (a) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone; (b) sent by United States first-class mail, postage prepaid; (c) sent by facsimile; or (d) sent by electronic mail, directed to each director at that director’s address, telephone number, facsimile number or electronic mail address, as the case may be, as shown on the Corporation’s records. If the notice is (a) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone, (b) sent by facsimile or (c) sent by electronic mail, it shall be delivered or sent at least twenty-four (24) hours before the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is sent by United States mail, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days before the time of the holding of the meeting. Any oral notice may be communicated to the director. The notice need not specify the place of the meeting (if the meeting is to be held at the Corporation’s principal executive office) nor the purpose of the meeting; provided , however , that notice of any meeting need not be given to any director if waived by him or her in writing, or if he or she shall be present at such meeting other than for purposes of objecting to the validity of the meeting.
 
SECTION 7. Quorum; Voting . A majority of the directors in office shall constitute a quorum of the Board of Directors for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors; but a lesser number may adjourn from day to day until a quorum is present. Except as otherwise provided by law or in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, all matters shall be decided by the vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present.
 
SECTION 8. Action by Written Consent . Any action which may be taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if consent in writing setting forth the action so taken shall be signed by all of the directors or members of such committee as the case may be and shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation.
 

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SECTION 9. Meetings by Conference Telephone . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 9 of Article II shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
 
SECTION 10. Chairperson or Vice Chairpersons . The Board of Directors may designate one or more of its members to be Chairperson or Vice Chairpersons of the Board of Directors, Chairperson of the Executive Committee (if any), and Chairperson of any other committees of the Board of Directors and to hold such other positions on the Board of Directors as the Board of Directors may designate.
 
SECTION 11. Compensation and Reimbursement of Expenses . The directors shall receive such compensation for their services as shall be determined by the Board of Directors and may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors. No such reimbursement shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like reimbursement for attending committee meetings.
 
ARTICLE III.
COMMITTEES
 
The Board of Directors may designate one or more of its members to constitute (a) an Executive Committee which committee, during intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors, shall have and exercise the authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business of the Corporation to the extent permitted by law; and (b) one or more additional committees such as an Audit Committee to review the Corporation’s financial statements and financial information and to act as liaison with the Corporation’s auditors, a Compensation Committee to review and propose compensation for the officers and executives of the Corporation, to the extent provided in the resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors and permitted by law, shall have and may exercise the power of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation insofar as it pertains to the responsibilities of such committee or committees, and may have power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. Such additional committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be stated in these Bylaws or as may be determined from time to time by resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors.
 
ARTICLE IV.
OFFICERS
 
SECTION 1. Designation and Removal . The officers of the Corporation shall, if and when appointed by the Board of Directors, consist of a Chairperson of the Board of Directors, whether in an executive or non-executive capacity (provided that notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Bylaws, the Chairperson of the Board of Directors shall not be deemed an officer of the Corporation unless so designated by the Board of Directors), a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a Secretary, a Treasurer, one (1) or more Vice Presidents, one or more Vice Chairpersons (provided that notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Bylaws, any Vice Chairperson of the Board of Directors shall not be deemed an officer of the corporation unless so designated by the Board of Directors), one (1) or more Assistant Secretaries, one (1) or more Assistant Treasurers, one (1) or more Assistant Vice Presidents, and such other officers as may be elected or appointed by the Board of Directors. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. All officers shall hold office until their successors are elected or appointed, except that the Board of Directors may remove any officer at any time at its discretion. The Board of Directors may empower the Chairperson of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation or the President of the Corporation to appoint such officers as the business of the Corporation may require, provided that notice of such appointment and its acceptance is deposited with the minutes of the Board of Directors.

Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an affirmative vote of the majority of the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors or, except in the case of an officer chosen by the Board of Directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the Board of Directors. Nothing herein shall affect such rights as an officer may have under such officer’s employment contract.
 
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice. Unless otherwise specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Corporation under any employment contract to which the officer is a party.
 

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SECTION 2. Powers and Duties . The officers of the Corporation shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their offices, except as modified herein or by the Board of Directors, as well as such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board of Directors. The Chairperson of the Board of Directors shall have such duties as may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors and shall preside at meetings of the Board of Directors and at meetings of the stockholders. The Vice Chairpersons shall provide guidance to the Board of Directors and either of the Vice Chairpersons may act as the Chairperson, as designated by a majority of the Board of Directors, if the Chairperson is incapacitated or otherwise unavailable. Unless another officer has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and shall have general supervision over the business, affairs, and property of the Corporation.
 
ARTICLE V.
SEAL
 
The seal of the Corporation shall be in such form as the Board of Directors shall prescribe.
 
ARTICLE VI.
CERTIFICATES OF STOCK
 
Shares of the capital stock of the Corporation may be certificated or uncertificated, as provided under the DGCL. The shares of stock of the Corporation represented by certificates of stock shall be signed by any two authorized officers of the Corporation, and any or all such signatures may be executed in facsimile, engraved or printed. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon any share certificate shall have ceased to be such officer because of death, resignation or otherwise before the certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if the officer had not ceased to be such at the date of its issue. Said certificates of stock shall be in such form as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
 
ARTICLE VII.
INDEMNIFICATION
 
SECTION 1. General . The Corporation shall indemnify, and advance Expenses (as this and all other capitalized words not previously defined are defined in Section 14 of this Article VII to, each Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law in effect on the date of effectiveness of these Bylaws, and to such greater extent as applicable law may thereafter permit. The rights of Indemnitees provided under the preceding sentence shall include, but not be limited to, the right to be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by § 145(b) of the DGCL in Proceedings by or in the right of the Corporation and to the fullest extent permitted by § 145(a) of the DGCL in all other Proceedings.
 
SECTION 2. Expenses Related to Proceedings . If Indemnitee is, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, a witness in any proceeding or is a party to and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding, he or she shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection therewith as a witness or party as the case may be. If Indemnitee is a party to a proceeding and is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to any Matter in such Proceeding, the Corporation shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf relating to each Matter. The termination of any Matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such Matter.
 
SECTION 3. Advancement of Expenses . Each Indemnitee shall be advanced Expenses within ten (10) days after requesting them to the fullest extent permitted by § 145(c) of the DGCL.
 
SECTION 4. Request for Indemnification and/or Advancement of Expenses . To obtain indemnification or advancement of Expenses, Indemnitee shall submit to the Corporation a written request with such information as is reasonably available to Indemnitee. The Secretary of the Corporation shall promptly advise the Board of Directors of such request and in the case of a request for advancement of Expenses, any undertaking required by § 145(e) of the DGCL.
 
SECTION 5. Determination of Entitlement: No Change of Control . If there has been no Change of Control at the time the request for indemnification is sent, Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification shall be determined in accordance with § 145(d) of the DGCL. If entitlement to indemnification is to be determined by Independent Counsel, the Corporation shall furnish notice to Indemnitee within ten (10) days after receipt of the request for indemnification, specifying the identity and address of Independent Counsel. The Indemnitee may, within fourteen (14) days after receipt of such written notice of selection, deliver to the Corporation a written objection to such selection. Such objection may be asserted only on the ground

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that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of Independent Counsel and the objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis of such assertion. If there is an objection to the selection of Independent Counsel, either the Corporation or Indemnitee may petition the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other court of competent jurisdiction for a determination that the objection is without a reasonable basis and/or for the appointment of Independent Counsel selected by the Court.
 
SECTION 6. Determination of Entitlement: Change of Control . If there has been a Change of Control at the time the request for indemnification is sent, Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification shall be determined in a written opinion by Independent Counsel selected jointly by Indemnitee and the Board of Directors. If no Independent Counsel has been agreed to within twenty-one (21) days after either Indemnitee or the Board of Directors has first proposed a candidate for Independent Counsel, then either Indemnitee or the Board of Directors may petition the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other court of competent jurisdiction for appointment as Independent Counsel of a person selected by the Court.
 
SECTION 7. Procedures of Independent Counsel . If a Change of Control shall have occurred before the request for indemnification is sent by Indemnitee, Indemnitee shall be presumed (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article VII) to be entitled to indemnification upon submission of a request for indemnification in accordance with Section 4 of this Article VII, and thereafter the Corporation shall have the burden of proof to overcome the presumption in reaching a determination contrary to the presumption. The presumption shall be used by Independent Counsel as a basis for a determination of entitlement to indemnification unless the Corporation provides information sufficient to overcome such presumption by clear and convincing evidence or the investigation, review and analysis of Independent Counsel convinces him or her by clear and convincing evidence that the presumption should not apply.
 
Except in the event that the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel, if the person or persons empowered under Section 5 or 6 of this Article VII to determine entitlement to indemnification shall not have made and furnished to Indemnitee in writing a determination within sixty (60) days after receipt by the Corporation of the request therefor, the requisite determination of entitlement to indemnification shall be deemed to have been made and Indemnitee shall be entitled to such indemnification unless Indemnitee knowingly misrepresented a material fact in connection with the request for indemnification or such indemnification is prohibited by law. The termination of any Proceeding or of any Matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article VII) of itself adversely affect the right of Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
 
SECTION 8. Independent Counsel Expenses . The Corporation shall pay any and all reasonable fees and expenses of Independent Counsel incurred acting pursuant to this Article VII and in any proceeding to which it is a party or witness in respect of its investigation and written report and shall pay all reasonable fees and expenses incident to the procedures in which such Independent Counsel was selected or appointed. No Independent Counsel may serve if a timely objection has been made to his or her selection until a Court has determined that such objection is without a reasonable basis or such objection is withdrawn.
 
SECTION 9. Adjudication. In the event that (a) a determination is made pursuant to Section 5 or 6 that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Article VII, (b) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 3 of this Article VII, (c) Independent Counsel has not made and delivered a written opinion determining the request for indemnification (i) within ninety (90) days after being appointed by the Court, or (ii) within ninety (90) days after objections to his or her selection have been overruled by the Court, or (iii) within ninety (90) days after the time for the Corporation or Indemnitee to object to his or her selection, or (d) payment of indemnification is not made within five (5) days after a determination of entitlement to indemnification has been made or deemed to have been made pursuant to Section 5, 6 or 7 of this Article VII, Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court of the State of Delaware, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, of his or her entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of Expenses. In the event that a determination shall have been made that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section shall be conducted in all respects as a de novo trial on the merits and Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of that adverse determination. If a Change of Control shall have occurred, in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section, the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses, as the case may be. If a determination shall have been made or deemed to have been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Corporation shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 9, or otherwise, unless Indemnitee knowingly misrepresented a material fact in connection with the request for indemnification, or such indemnification is prohibited by law.

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The Corporation shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 9 of Article VII that the procedures and presumptions of this Article VII are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in any such court that the Corporation is bound by all provisions of this Article VII. In the event that Indemnitee, pursuant to this Section 9 of Article VII, seeks a judicial adjudication to enforce his or her rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Article VII, Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Corporation, and shall be indemnified by the Corporation against, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in such judicial adjudication, but only if he or she prevails therein. If it shall be determined in such judicial adjudication that Indemnitee is entitled to receive part but not all of the indemnification or advancement of Expenses sought, the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such judicial adjudication or arbitration shall be appropriately prorated.
 
SECTION 10. Nonexclusivity of Rights . The rights of indemnification and advancement of Expenses as provided by this Article VII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or a resolution of directors, or otherwise. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Article VII or any provision thereof shall be effective as to any Indemnitee for acts, events and circumstances that occurred, in whole or in part, before such amendment, alteration or repeal. The provisions of this Article VII shall continue as to an Indemnitee whose Corporate Status has ceased and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators.
 
SECTION 11. Insurance and Subrogation . To the extent the Corporation maintains an insurance policy or policies providing liability insurance for directors or officers of the Corporation or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which such person serves at the request of the Corporation, each director or officer shall be covered by such policy or policies in accordance with its or their terms to the maximum extent of coverage available for any such director or officer under such policy or policies.
 
In the event of any payment hereunder, the Corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action a necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Corporation to bring suit to enforce such rights.
 
The Corporation shall not be liable under this Article VII to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder if, and to the extent that, Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.
 
SECTION 12. Severability . If any provision or provisions of this Article VII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and, to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article VII shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
 
SECTION 13. Certain Persons Not Entitled to Indemnification . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article VII, but without limiting Indemnitee’s rights under Section 9, no person shall be entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses under this Article VII with respect to any Proceeding, or any Matter therein brought or made by such person, against the Corporation.
 
SECTION 14. Definitions . For purposes of this Article VII:
 
Change of Control ” means a change in control of the Corporation after the date of adoption of these Bylaws in any one of the following circumstances: (a) there shall have occurred an event required to be reported in response to Item 6(c) of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A (or in response to any similar item on any similar schedule or form) promulgated under the Exchange Act, whether or not the Corporation is then subject to such reporting requirement; (b) any “person” (as such term is used in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) shall have become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Corporation representing 20% or more of the combined voting power of the Corporation’s then outstanding voting securities without prior approval of at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to such person attaining such percentage interest; (c) the Corporation is a party to a merger, consolidation, sale of assets or other reorganization, or a proxy contest, as a consequence of which members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to such transaction or event constitute less than a majority of the Board of Directors thereafter; (d) during any period of two consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors (including for this purpose any new director whose election or nomination for election by the Corporation’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who were directors at the beginning of such period) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board of Directors.

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Corporate Status ” describes the status of a person who is or was a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Corporation or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation.
  
Expenses ” shall include all reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, or being or preparing to be a witness in a Proceeding; provided , that such fees are actually incurred.
 
Indemnitee ” includes any person who is, or is threatened to be made, a witness in or a party to any Proceeding as described in Section 1 or 2 of this Article VII by reason of his or her Corporate Status.
 
Independent Counsel ” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the five years previous to his or her selection or appointment has been, retained to represent: (a) the Corporation or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party or (b) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder.
 
Matter ” is a claim, a material issue, or a substantial request for relief.
 
Proceeding ” includes any action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, administrative hearing or any other proceeding whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except one initiated by an Indemnitee pursuant to Section 9 of this Article VII to enforce his or her rights under this Article VII.
 
SECTION 15. Notices . Any communication required or permitted to the Corporation shall be addressed to the Secretary of the Corporation and any such communication to Indemnitee shall be addressed to his or her home address unless he or she specifies otherwise and shall be personally delivered or delivered by overnight mail delivery.
 
SECTION 16. Contractual Rights . The right to be indemnified or to the advancement or reimbursement of Expenses (a) is a contract right based upon good and valuable consideration, pursuant to which Indemnitee may sue as if these provisions were set forth in a separate written contract between him or her and the Corporation, (b) is and is intended to be retroactive and shall be available as to events occurring prior to the adoption of these provisions, and (c) shall continue after any rescission or restrictive modification of such provisions as to events occurring prior thereto.
 
ARTICLE VIII.
EXCLUSIVE FORUM
Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by, or other wrongdoing by, any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, creditors or other constituents, (c) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, (d) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws or (e) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine; in each case, subject to the Court of Chancery having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein; provided that, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismisses any such action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, such action may be brought in another state or federal court sitting in the State of Delaware. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a) the provisions of this Article VIII will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction, and (b) unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action against the Corporation or any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation and arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article VIII. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of this Article VIII is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”) in the name of any current or former stockholder of the Corporation, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (i) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection

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with any action brought in any such court to enforce this Article VIII and (ii) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such enforcement action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder. If any provision or provisions of this Article VIII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article VIII (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Article VIII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

ARTICLE IX.
AMENDMENTS
Subject to the limitations set forth in Section 10 of Article VII of these Bylaws and the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal these Bylaws. The stockholders also shall have power to adopt, alter, amend or repeal these Bylaws; provided , however , that in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Corporation required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, such action by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.


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Exhibit 3.2


 
INNOVATE BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
a Delaware corporation
(the “ Corporation ”)
 
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

(effective as of December 5, 2018)
 
ARTICLE I.
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
 
SECTION 1. Annual Meetings of Stockholders . The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation (the “annual meeting”) shall be held on such date , within 180 days of the end of each prior fiscal year, as shall be designated by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, and on any subsequent day or days to which such meeting may be adjourned, for the purposes of electing directors and of transacting such other business as may properly come before the meeting. The Board of Directors shall designate the place (if any), within or without the State of Delaware, and time for the holding of such meeting.
 
(a) At the annual meeting of the stockholders , only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the annual meeting. To be properly brought before the annual meeting of stockholders , business must be (i)  brought before the meeting by the Corporation and specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 4 of Article I of these Bylaws , (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors , or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder of the Corporation who is (A) was a stockholder of record of the Corporation (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such business is proposed, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation) both at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 1 of Article I , who shall be and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at such the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section I of Article I. (C) has complied with this Section 1 of Article I as to such business. Except for proposals made only pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (as so amended and inclusive of such rules and regulations, the “Exchange Act”), and included in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, the foregoing clause (iii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to propose business to be brought before an annual meeting. Stockholders shall not be permitted to propose business to be brought before a special meeting of the stockholders, and the only matters that may be brought before a special meeting are the matters specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person or persons calling the meeting pursuant to Section 2 of this Article I of these Bylaws. Stockholders seeking to nominate persons for election to the Board of Directors must comply with Section 9 of Article I of these Bylaws.
(b) For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder , in addition to any other applicable requirements, must have given timely notice must (i) provide Timely Notice (as defined below) thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation , even if the matter is already the subject of any notice to the stockholders or public disclosure (as defined in Section 1(i) of Article I of these Bylaws) from the Board of Directors, and (ii) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 1 of Article I . To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to , or mailed and received at , the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety ( 90 ) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120)  days prior to the first anniversary date of the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation. A stockholders notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting: (a) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (b) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation's books, of the stockholder proposing such business, (c) the class and number of shares of voting stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder, (d) a representation that the meeting to bring the proposed business before the annual meeting, and (e) a description of any material interest of the stockholder in such business. ; provided, however, that if the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered, or mailed and received, not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120 th ) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the later of (A) the ninetieth (90 th ) day prior to such annual meeting or (B) the tenth (10 th ) day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was first made (such notice within such time periods, “Timely Notice”). In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of Timely Notice as described above.
(c) To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 1 of Article I, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth:
(i) As to each Proposing Person (as defined below), (A) the name and address of such Proposing Person (including, without limitation, if applicable, the name and address that appear on the Corporation’s books and records) and (B) the class or series and number of shares of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially owned (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by such Proposing Person, except that such Proposing Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own any shares of any class or series of the Corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) and (B) are referred to as “Stockholder Information”);
(ii) As to each Proposing Person, (A) any derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to give such Proposing Person economic risk similar to ownership of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, including, without limitation, due to the fact that the value of such derivative, swap or other transactions are determined by reference to the price, value or volatility of any shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or which derivative, swap or other transactions provide, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any increase in the price or value of shares of any class or series of the Corporation (“Synthetic Equity Interests”), which Synthetic Equity Interests shall be disclosed without regard to whether (x) the derivative, swap or other transactions convey any voting rights in such shares to such Proposing Person, (y) the derivative, swap or other transactions are required to be, or are capable of being, settled through delivery of such shares or (z) such Proposing Person may have entered into other transactions that hedge or mitigate the economic effect of such derivative, swap or other transactions, (B) any proxy (other than a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act by way of a solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A), agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such Proposing Person has or shares a right to vote any shares of any class or series of the Corporation, (C) any agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship, including, without limitation, any repurchase or similar so-called “stock borrowing” agreement or arrangement, engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the economic risk (of ownership or otherwise) of shares of any class or series of the Corporation by, manage the risk of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such Proposing Person with respect to the shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or which provides, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any decrease in the price or value of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation (“Short Interests”), (D) any rights to dividends on the shares of any class or series of the Corporation owned beneficially by such Proposing Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (E) any performance related fees (other than an asset based fee) that such Proposing Person is entitled to base on any increase or decrease in the price or value of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests, if any, (F)(x) if such Proposing Person is not a natural person, the identity of the natural person or persons associated with such Proposing Person responsible for the formulation of and decision to propose the business to be brought before the meeting (such person or persons, the “Responsible Person”), the manner in which such Responsible Person was selected, any fiduciary duties owed by such Responsible Person to the equity holders or other beneficiaries of such Proposing Person, the qualifications and background of such Responsible Person and any material interests or relationships of such Responsible Person that are not shared generally by any other record or beneficial holder of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation and that reasonably could have influenced the decision of such Proposing Person to propose such business to be brought before the meeting, and (y) if such Proposing Person is a natural person, the qualifications and background of such natural person and any material interests or relationships of such natural person that are not shared generally by any other record or beneficial holder of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation and that reasonably could have influenced the decision of such Proposing Person to propose such business to be brought before the meeting, (G) any significant equity interests or any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests in any principal competitor of the Corporation held by such Proposing Persons, (H) any direct or indirect interest of such Proposing Person in any contract with the Corporation, any affiliate of the Corporation or any principal competitor of the Corporation (including, without limitation, in any such case, any employment agreement, collective bargaining agreement or consulting agreement), (I) any pending or threatened litigation in which such Proposing Person is a party or material participant involving the Corporation or any of its officers or directors, or any affiliate of the Corporation, (J) any material transaction occurring during the prior twelve (12) months between such Proposing Person, on the one hand, and the Corporation, any affiliate of the Corporation or any principal competitor of the Corporation, on the other hand, (K) a summary of any material discussions regarding the business proposed to be brought before the meeting (x) between or among any of the Proposing Persons or (y) between or among any Proposing Person and any other record or beneficial holder of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation (including, without limitation, their names) and (L) any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such Proposing Person in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (L) are referred to as “Disclosable Interests”); provided, however, that, for purposes of these Bylaws, Disclosable Interests shall not include any such disclosures with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee that is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner; and
(iii) As to each item of business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, (A) a reasonably brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting and any material interest (including, without limitation, as defined in Item 5 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange) in such business of (and any anticipated benefit from such business to) each Proposing Person, (B) the text of the proposal or business (including, without limitation, the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment), (C) a reasonably detailed description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between or among any of the Proposing Persons or between or among any Proposing Person and any other person or entity (including, without limitation, their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder, (D) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person at the meeting to propose such business, (E) a representation whether the Proposing Person intends or is part of a group that intends (1) to deliver a proxy or consent solicitation statement and/or form of proxy or consent to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal and/or (2) otherwise to solicit proxies, consents or votes from stockholders in support of such proposal and (F) any other information relating to such item of business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that the disclosures required by this clause (iii) shall not include any disclosures with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee that is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner.
(d) For purposes of this Section 1 of Article I, the term “Proposing Person” shall mean (i) the stockholder providing the notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the business proposed to be brought before the annual meeting is made, (iii) any affiliate or associate (each within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act) of such stockholder or beneficial owner and (iv) any other person or entity with whom such stockholder or beneficial owner (or any of their respective affiliates or associates) is Acting in Concert (as defined below).
(e) A person or entity shall be deemed to be “Acting in Concert” with another person or entity for purposes of these Bylaws if such person or entity knowingly acts (whether or not pursuant to an express agreement, arrangement or understanding) in concert with, or towards a common goal relating to the management, governance or control of the Corporation in parallel with, such other person or entity where (i) each person or entity is conscious of the other person or entity’s conduct or intent and this awareness is an element in their decision-making processes and (ii) at least one additional factor suggests that such persons or entities intend to act in concert or in parallel, which such additional factors may include, without limitation, exchanging information (whether publicly or privately), attending meetings, conducting discussions, or making or soliciting invitations to act in concert or in parallel; provided, that a person or entity shall not be deemed to be Acting in Concert with any other person or entity solely as a result of the solicitation or receipt of revocable proxies or consents from such other person or entity in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act by way of a proxy or consent solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A. A person or entity Acting in Concert with another person or entity shall be deemed to be Acting in Concert with any third party who is also Acting in Concert with such other person or entity.
(f) A stockholder providing notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 1 of Article I shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the annual meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the annual meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).
(g) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, and except as otherwise expressly provided pursuant to the Exchange Act, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1 of Article I. The Subject to paragraph (j), the presiding officer of an annual meeting shall , if the facts warrant, have the power and duty (i) to determine and declare to the meeting that the any business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions this Section 1 of Article I (including, without limitation, whether the stockholder or beneficial owner (if any) on whose behalf the business proposed to be brought before the annual meeting is made, solicited (or is part of a group that solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies, consents or votes in support of such stockholder’s business in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by clause (c)(iii)(E) of this Section 1 of Article I , ); and if he should so determine, he shall so (ii) if any proposed business was not proposed in compliance with this Section 1 of Article I, to declare to the meeting and that any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.
(h) The foregoing notice requirements of this Section 1 of Article I shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder with respect to business other than a nomination if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of such stockholder’s intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting only pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and such proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. Nothing in this Section 1 of Article I shall be deemed to affect the rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.
(i) For purposes of these Bylaws, “public disclosure” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by a national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
(j) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1 of Article I, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear in person at the annual meeting to present proposed business, such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 1 of Article I, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized to act for such stockholder as proxy at the annual meeting by a writing executed by such stockholder and delivered by such stockholder to the Corporation prior to the making of such proposal, and such person must produce such writing (or a reliable reproduction or electronic transmission of the writing) at the annual meeting.
(k) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1 of Article I, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 1 of Article I; provided, however, that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act are not intended to and shall not limit any requirements applicable to proposals as to any business to be considered pursuant to this Section 1 of Article I (including, without limitation, paragraph (a)(iii) hereof), and compliance with paragraph (a)(iii) of this Section 1 of Article I shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to submit business (other than, as provided in paragraph (h) of this Section 1 of Article I, business brought properly under and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act, as may be amended from time to time).
 
For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 1 of Article I.
 
SECTION 2. Special Meetings of Stockholders . Special Subject to the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock of the Corporation, special meetings of the stockholders may be called at any time only by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved by an affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board directors of the Corporation then in office, by the Chairperson of the Board of Directors, by the Chairman Chief Executive Officer of the Board, or Corporation or by the President of the Corporation , and may not be called by any other person or persons. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of the stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the person or persons who duly called such special meeting . Upon written request of the person or persons who have duly called a special meeting, it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Corporation to fix the date of the meeting to be held not less than ten or (10) nor more than sixty (60) days after the receipt of the request and to give due notice thereof in accordance with Section 4 of this Article I . If the Secretary shall neglect or refuse to fix the date of the meeting and give notice thereof, the person or persons calling the meeting may do so.
 
SECTION 3. Place of Special Meeting . Every special meeting of the stockholders shall be held at such place (if any) within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors or person who has duly called a special meeting may designate , or, in the absence of such designation, at the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware .
 
SECTION 4. Notice of Meeting Meetings . Except as otherwise required by law, written notice of the place (if any), date and time of every meeting of the stockholders and the means of remote communications (if any) by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in the case of all special meetings of stockholders, the purpose or purposes of the meeting, shall be given by the Secretary of the Corporation to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting, by placing such notice in the mail at least ten (10) days, but not more than sixty (60) days, prior to the day named for the meeting , addressed to each stockholder at his such stockholder’s address appearing on the books of the Corporation or supplied by him such stockholder to the Corporation for the purpose of notice.
 
SECTION 5. Record Date . The In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted and shall be not less than ten or (10) nor more than sixty (60) days preceding the date of any meeting of the stockholders , as a record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any such meeting . The Board of Directors shall not be required to close the books of the Corporation against transfers of shares during the whole or any part of such period. The initial determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of such meeting; provided , that the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
 
SECTION 6. Proxies . Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy authorized by an instrument in writing or by a transmission permitted by law and filed in accordance with the procedure established for the meeting, but no such proxy shall be voted after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. The notice of every meeting of the stockholders may be accompanied by a form of proxy approved by the Board of Directors in favor of such person or persons as the Board of Directors may select.
     
SECTION 7. Quorum and Voting . A Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) or required by law, a majority of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting , present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the stockholders, and the stockholders present at any duly convened meeting may continue to do business until adjournment notwithstanding any withdrawal from the meeting of holders of shares counted in determining the existence of a quorum. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in the election by the holders of the voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors . For all other matters as to which no other voting requirement is specified by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ General Corporation Law”), the Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) or these By-laws, the affirmative vote required for stockholder action shall be that of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting (as counted for purposes of determining the existence of a quorum at the meeting). If so provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, stockholders may cumulate votes (i.e., cast for any candidate a number of votes greater than the number of votes which such stockholder normally is entitled to cast) at a stockholders' meeting at which directors are to be elected. In the case of a matter submitted for a vote of the stockholders as to which a stockholder approval requirement is applicable under the stockholder approval policy of any DGCL”), the rules of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the capital stock of the Company is quoted or traded, for exemption under the requirements of Rule 16b-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or under any provision of the Internal Revenue Code, in each case for which no higher voting requirement is specified by the General Corporation Law, Corporation’s securities are listed or admitted for trading, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the vote required for approval shall be the requisite vote specified in such stockholder approval policy, Rule 16b-3 or Internal Revenue Code provision, as the case may be (or the highest such requirement if more-than one is applicable). For the approval of the appointment of independent public accountants (if submitted for a vote of the stockholders), the vote required for approval shall be a stockholder action shall be majority of the votes cast on the matter. affirmatively or negatively (excluding abstentions) by the holders of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon. The stockholders shall not have the right to cumulate their votes for the election of directors of the Corporation.
 
SECTION 8. Adjournment . Any annual or special meeting of the stockholders , whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned for any reason from time to time by the presiding officer , without notice other than by announcement at the meeting at which such adjournment is taken, and at any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present any action may be taken that could have been taken at the meeting originally called; provided , that if the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting.
 
SECTION 9. Nominations for Election as a Director . Except with respect to the initial directors elected by the Incorporator, only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws shall be eligible for election as, and to serve as, directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation may be made at a meeting of stockholders (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (b) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 9 of Article I, who shall be entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 9 of Article 1. Such nominations, other than those made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation.
SECTION 9. Nominations for Election as a Director. Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws shall be eligible for election as, and to serve as, directors.
(a) Nominations of any person for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting or at a special meeting (but only if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person or persons calling such special meeting) may be made at such meeting only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (ii) by a stockholder who (A) was a stockholder of record of the Corporation (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such nomination is proposed to be made, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation) both at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 9 of Article I and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (C) has complied with this Section 9 of Article I as to such nomination. The foregoing clause (ii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board of Directors to be considered by the stockholders at an annual meeting or special meeting.
 
To be timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (i) with respect to an election to be held at the annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, not less than 90 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, and (ii) with respect to an election to be held at a special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation for the election of directors, not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which notice of the date of the special meeting was mailed to stockholders of the Corporation as provided in Section 4 of Article I or public disclosure of the date of the special meeting was made, whichever first occurs.
(b) For a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting, the stockholder must (i) provide Timely Notice (as defined in Section 1(b) of Article I of these Bylaws) thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation and (ii) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 9 of Article I. Notwithstanding anything in this paragraph (b) to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting is increased effective after the time period for which nominations would otherwise be due under this paragraph (b) and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming the nominees for the additional directorships at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this paragraph (b) shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for such additional directorships, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation. With respect to special meetings of the stockholders, if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person or persons calling a special meeting, then for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board of Directors at such special meeting, the stockholder must (i) provide timely notice thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation and (ii) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 9 of Article I. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice for nominations to be made at a special meeting must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120 th ) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the later of (A) the ninetieth (90 th ) day prior to such special meeting or (B) the tenth (10 th ) day following the day on which public disclosure (as defined in Section 1(i) of Article I of these Bylaws) of the date of such special meeting was first made. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.
(c) To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 9 of Article I, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth:
(i) As to each Nominating Person (as defined below), the Stockholder Information (as defined in Section 1(c)(i) of Article I of these Bylaws) except that for purposes of this Section 9 of Article I, the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 1(c)(i) of Article I;
(ii) As to each Nominating Person, any Disclosable Interests (as defined in Section 1(c)(ii) of Article I, except that for purposes of this Section 9 of Article I the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 1(c)(ii) of Article I and the disclosure in clause (L) of Section 1(c)(ii) of Article I shall be made with respect to the election of directors at the meeting); and
 
Such stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth (x) as to each person whom the Stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director, all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (including such person's written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected), and (y) as to the stockholder, giving the notice (i) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation's books, of such stockholder and (ii) the class and number of shares of voting stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such stockholder. At the request of the Board of Directors, any person nominated by the Board of Directors for election as a director shall furnish to the Secretary of the Corporation that information required to be set forth in a stockholder's notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee.
(iii) As to each person whom a Nominating Person proposes to nominate for election as a director, (A) all information with respect to such proposed nominee that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice pursuant to this Section 9 of Article I if such proposed nominee were a Nominating Person, (B) all information relating to such proposed nominee that is required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents for the election of directors in a contested election (even if an election contest is not involved) pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (including, without limitation, such proposed nominee’s written consent to being named in the proxy or consent solicitation statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected) or that is otherwise required to be disclosed under such section, (C) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three (3) years, and any other material relationships, between or among any Nominating Person, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, his or her affiliates or associates and any other persons with whom such proposed nominee (or any of his or her affiliates or associates) is Acting in Concert (as defined in Section 1(e) of Article I of these Bylaws), on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act if such Nominating Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such item and the proposed nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (C) are referred to as “Nominee Information”), (D) a representation that the Nominating Person is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person at the meeting to propose such nomination, (E) a representation whether the Nominating Person intends or is part of a group that intends (1) to deliver a proxy or consent solicitation statement and/or form of proxy or consent to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to elect the nominee and/or (2) otherwise to solicit proxies, consents or votes from stockholders in support of such nomination and (F) a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement as provided in this Section 9(g) of Article I; and
(iv) The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information (A) as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation in accordance with the Corporation’s Corporate Governance Guidelines or (B) that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence or lack of independence of such proposed nominee.
(d) For purposes of this Section 9 of Article I, the term “Nominating Person” shall mean (i) the stockholder providing the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting, (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting is made, (iii) any affiliate or associate of such stockholder or beneficial owner and (iv) any other person or entity with whom such stockholder or such beneficial owner (or any of their respective affiliates or associates) is Acting in Concert.
(e) A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 9 of Article I shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).
(f) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, and except as otherwise expressly provided pursuant to the Exchange Act, no person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with this Section 9 of Article I. The presiding officer at any meeting of the stockholders shall have the power and duty to (a) determine that a nomination was not properly made in accordance with this Section 9 of Article I (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner (if any) on whose behalf the nomination was made, solicited or is part of a group that solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies or votes in support of such stockholder’s nomination in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by clause (c)(iii)(E) of this Section 9 of Article I); and (b) if any proposed nomination was not made in compliance with this Section 9 of Article I to declare such determination to the meeting that the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
(g) To be eligible to be a nominee for election as a director of the Corporation, the proposed nominee must deliver (within the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under this Section 9 of Article I) to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such proposed nominee (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written representation and agreement (in form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such proposed nominee (i) is not and will not become a party to (A) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (B) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such proposed nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (ii) is not, and will not become a party to, any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director, in each case, that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, and (iii) in such proposed nominee’s individual capacity and on behalf of the stockholder (or the beneficial owner, if different) on whose behalf the nomination is made, as applicable, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation.
(h) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 9 of Article I, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear in person at the meeting to present the proposed nomination, such proposed nomination shall not be considered, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 9 of Article I, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of the stockholders by a writing executed by such stockholder and delivered by such stockholder to the Corporation prior to the making of such proposal, and such person must produce such writing (or a reliable reproduction or electronic transmission of the writing) at the meeting.
(i) In addition to the requirements of this Section 9 of Article I with respect to any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting, each Nominating Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such nominations.

Other than directors chosen pursuant to the provisions of Section 2 of Article 11, no person shall be eligible to serve as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 9 of Article l. The presiding officer of the meeting of stockholders shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these Bylaws, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
 
For a nomination by a stockholder to be proper, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 9 of Article 1.
 
SECTION 10. No Action by Written Consent . No Subject to the rights of holders of any series of preferred stock, no action shall be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation except at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders. Stockholders may not act by written consent or by electronic transmission in lieu of a meeting.
 
 
ARTICLE II.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
SECTION 1. Number of Directors . The business , and affairs and property of the Corporation shall be managed by a board of not less than three or more than seven directors. The and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. Subject to the rights of holders of any series of preferred stock, the number of directors of the Corporation shall be established from time to time by the Board of Directors; provided the Board of Directors shall consist of at least one (1) member; provided, further that no decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors may be increased or decreased from time to time by resolution by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that no such decrease shall have the effect of shortening shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. Each director shall hold office for the full term to which he or she shall have been elected and until his or her successor is duly elected and shall qualify, or until his or her earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. A director need not be a resident of the State of Delaware or a stockholder of the Corporation.
 
SECTION 2. Vacancies . Except as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation , newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or any other cause shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors , or by the sole remaining director, and shall not be filled by the stockholders . Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office until such director's successor shall have been elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred, subject to the election and qualification of a successor and to such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.
 
SECTION 3. Removal by Stockholders . Any director Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock of the Corporation may be removed, whether or not for cause, from his office as a director by vote or other action of stockholders by the holders of the majority of the shares then , the Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed from office only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at an election of directors.
 
SECTION 4. Regular Meetings . Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held without notice at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware, at such hour time and on such day as may be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors, without further notice of such meetings. The time or place of holding regular meetings of the Board of Director may be changed by the Chairman of the Board or the President by giving written notice thereof as provided in Section 6 of this Article II. determined by the Board; provided, that any director who is absent when such determination is made shall be given notice of the determination. A regular meeting of the Board may be held without notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders.

SECTION 5. Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held, whenever called by the Chairman Chairperson of the Board , the Chairman of of Directors, by the Chairperson of the Executive Committee , the (if any), by the Chief Executive Officer, by the President, by two directors or by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware as may be stated in the notice of the meeting delivered pursuant to Section 6 of this Article II .
 
SECTION 6. Notice . Notice of the time and place of, and general nature of the business to be transacted at, all special meetings of the Board of Directors, and written notice of any change in the time or place of holding the regular meetings of the Board of Directors, shall be (a) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone to each director or ; (b) sent by United States first-class mail, telecopier or telegram, charges postage prepaid , addressed ; (c) sent by facsimile; or (d) sent by electronic mail, directed to each director at that director’s address as it is , telephone number, facsimile number or electronic mail address, as the case may be, as shown on the Corporation’s records of the Corporation . If the notice is mailed (a) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone, (b) sent by facsimile or (c) sent by electronic mail, it shall be delivered or sent at least twenty-four (24) hours before the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is sent by United States mail , it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days before the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is delivered personally or by telephone, telecopier or by telegram, it shall be delivered personally or by telephone or by telecopier or to the telegraph company at least forty-eight (48) hours before the time of the holding of the meeting. Any oral notice given personally or by telephone may be communicated either to the director or to a person at the office of the director who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the director . The notice need not specify the place of the meeting (if the meeting is to be held at the Corporation’s principal executive office) nor the purpose of the meeting; provided , however , that notice of any meeting need not be given to any director if waived by him or her in writing, or if he or she shall be present at such meeting other than for purposes of objecting to the validity of the meeting.
 
SECTION 7. Quorum; Voting . A majority of the directors in office shall constitute a quorum of the Board of Directors for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors ; but a lesser number may adjourn from day to day until a quorum is present. Except as otherwise provided by law or in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, all questions matters shall be decided by the vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present.
 
SECTION 8. Action by Written Consent . Any action which may be taken at a meeting of the directors or members of Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if consent in writing setting forth the action so taken shall be signed by all of the directors or members of such committee as the case may be and shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation.
 
SECTION 9. Meetings by Conference Telephone . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation , or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 9 of Article II shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
 
SECTION 10. Chairman Chairperson or Vice Chairmen Chairpersons . The Board of Directors may designate one or more of its members to be Chairman Chairperson or Vice Chairmen Chairpersons of the Board , Chairman of of Directors, Chairperson of the Executive Committee (if any) , and Chairman Chairperson of any other committees of the Board of Directors and to hold such other positions on the Board of Directors as the Board of Directors may designate.
 
SECTION 11. Compensation and Reimbursement of Expenses . The directors shall receive such compensation for their services as shall be determined by the Board of Directors and may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors. No such reimbursement shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like reimbursement for attending committee meetings.
 
ARTICLE III.
COMMITTEES
 
The Board of Directors may , by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more of its members to constitute ( i a ) an Executive Committee which committee, during intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors , shall have and exercise the authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business of the Corporation to the extent permitted by law; and ( ii b ) one or more additional committees such as an Audit Committee to review the Corporation’s financial statements and financial information and to act as liaison with the Corporation’s auditors, a Compensation Committee to review and propose compensation for the officers and executives of the Corporation, which, to the extent provided in said resolution or the resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors and permitted by law, shall have and may exercise the power of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation insofar as it pertains to the responsibilities of such committee or committees, and may have power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers on which the Corporation desires to place a seal which may require it . Such additional committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be stated in these Bylaws or as may be determined from time to time by resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors.
 
ARTICLE IV.
OFFICERS
 
SECTION 1. Designation and Removal . The officers of the Corporation shall , if and when appointed by the Board of Directors, consist of a Chairman Chairperson of the Board of Directors, whether in an executive or non-executive capacity (provided that notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Bylaws, the Chairperson of the Board of Directors shall not be deemed an officer of the Corporation unless so designated by the Board of Directors) , a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such Executive, Group, Senior or other , one (1) or more Vice Presidents, one or more Vice Chairpersons (provided that notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Bylaws, any Vice Chairperson of the Board of Directors shall not be deemed an officer of the corporation unless so designated by the Board of Directors), one (1) or more Assistant Secretaries, one (1) or more Assistant Treasurers, one (1) or more Assistant Vice Presidents, and such other officers as may be elected or appointed by the Board of Directors. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. All officers shall hold office until their successors are elected or appointed, except that the Board of Directors may remove any officer at anytime any time at its discretion. The Board of Directors may empower the Chairman Chairperson of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation or the President of the Corporation to appoint such officers as the business of the Corporation may require, provided that notice of such appointment and its acceptance is deposited with the minutes of the Board of Directors.

Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an affirmative vote of the majority of the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors or, except in the case of an officer chosen by the Board of Directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the Board of Directors. Nothing herein shall affect such rights as an officer may have under such officer’s employment contract.
 
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice. Unless otherwise specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the right rights, if any, of the Corporation under any employment contract to which the officer is a party.
 
SECTION 2. Powers and Duties . The officers of the Corporation shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their offices, except as modified herein or by the Board of Directors, as well as such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board of Directors. The Chairman Chairperson of the Board of Directors shall have such duties as may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors and shall preside at meetings of the Board of Directors and at meetings of the stockholders. The Vice Chairmen Chairpersons shall provide guidance to the Board of Directors and either of the Vice Chairmen Chairpersons may act as the Chairman Chairperson , as designated by a majority of the Board of Directors, if the Chairman Chairperson is incapacitated or otherwise unavailable. The Unless another officer has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, the President shall be the chief executive officer Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and shall have general supervision over the business, affairs, and property of the Corporation.
 
ARTICLE V.
SEAL
 
The seal of the Corporation shall be in such form as the Board of Directors shall prescribe.
 
ARTICLE VI.
CERTIFICATES OF STOCK
 
Shares of the capital stock of the Corporation may be certificated or uncertificated, as provided under the DGCL. The shares of stock of the Corporation represented by certificates of stock , shall be signed by the President or such Vice President or other officer designated by the Board of Directors, countersigned by the Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary; and such signature of the President, Vice President, or other officer, such countersignature of the Treasurer or Secretary or Assistant Treasurer or Assistant Secretary, or any of them, any two authorized officers of the Corporation, and any or all such signatures may be executed in facsimile, engraved or printed. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon any share certificate shall have ceased to be such officer because of death . , resignation or otherwise before the certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if the officer had not ceased to be such at the date of its issue. Said certificates of stock shall be in such form as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
 
ARTICLE VII.
INDEMNIFICATION
 
SECTION 1. General . The Corporation shall indemnify, and advance Expenses (as this and all other capitalized words not previously defined are defined in Section 14 of this Article ) VII to, each Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law in effect on the date of effectiveness of these Bylaws, and to such greater extent as applicable law may thereafter permit . The rights of Indemnitee Indemnitees provided under the preceding sentence shall include, but not be limited to, the right to be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by § 145(b) of the D.G.C.L. DGCL in Proceedings by or in the right of the Corporation and to the fullest extent permitted by § 145(a) of the D.G.C.L. DGCL in all other Proceedings.
 
SECTION 2. Expenses Related to Proceedings . If Indemnitee is, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, a witness in any proceeding or is a party to and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding, he or she shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection therewith as a witness or party as the case may be. If Indemnitee is a party to a proceeding and is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to any Matter in such Proceeding, the Corporation shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf relating to each Matter. The termination of any Matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such Matter.
 
SECTION 3. Advancement of Expenses . Each Indemnitee shall be advanced Expenses within ten (10) days after requesting them to the fullest extent permitted by § 145(c) of the D.G.C.L DGCL .
 
SECTION 4. Request for Indemnification and/or Advancement of Expenses . To obtain indemnification or advancement of expenses Expenses , Indemnitee shall submit to the Corporation a written request with such information as is reasonably available to Indemnitee. The Secretary of the Corporation shall promptly advise the Board of Directors of such request and in the case of a request for advancement of expenses Expenses , any undertaking required by § 145(e) of the D.G.C.L DGCL .
 
SECTION 5. Determination of Entitlement: No Change of Control . If there has been no Change of Control at the time the request for indemnification is sent, Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification shall be determined in accordance with § 145(d) of the D.G.C.L DGCL . If entitlement to indemnification is to be determined by Independent Counsel, the Corporation shall furnish notice to Indemnitee within ten (10) days after receipt of the request for indemnification, specifying the identity and address of Independent Counsel. The Indemnitee may, within fourteen (14) days after receipt of such written notice of selection, deliver to the Corporation a written objection to such selection. Such objection may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of Independent Counsel and the objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis of such assertion. If there is an objection to the selection of Independent Counsel, either the Corporation or Indemnitee may petition the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other court of competent jurisdiction for a determination that the objection is without a reasonable basis and/or for the appointment of Independent Counsel selected by the Court.
 
SECTION 6. Determination of Entitlement: Change of Control . If there has been a Change of Control at the time the request for indemnification is sent, Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification shall be determined in a written opinion by Independent Counsel selected jointly by Indemnitee and the Board of Directors. If no Independent Counsel has been agreed to within twenty-one ( 21 ) days after either Indemnitee or the Board of Directors has first proposed a candidate for Independent Counsel, then either Indemnitee or the Board of Directors may petition the court Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other Court court of competent jurisdiction for appointment as Independent Counsel of a person selected by the Court.
 
SECTION 7. Procedures of Independent Counsel . If a Change of Control shall have occurred before the request for indemnification is sent by Indemnitee, Indemnitee shall be presumed (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article VII ) to be entitled to indemnification upon submission of a request for indemnification in accordance with Section 4 of this Article VII , and thereafter the Corporation shall have the burden of proof to overcome the presumption in reaching a determination contrary to the presumption. The presumption shall be used by Independent Counsel as a basis for a determination of entitlement to indemnification unless the Corporation provides information sufficient to overcome such presumption by clear and convincing evidence or the investigation, review and analysis of Independent Counsel convinces him or her by clear and convincing evidence that the presumption should not apply.
 
Except in the event that the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel, if the person or persons empowered under Section 5 or 6 of this Article VII to determine entitlement to indemnification shall not have made and furnished to Indemnitee in writing a determination within sixty (60) days after receipt by the Corporation of the request therefor, the requisite determination of entitlement to indemnification shall be deemed to have been made and Indemnitee shall be entitled to such indemnification unless Indemnitee knowingly misrepresented a material fact in connection with the request for indemnification or such indemnification is prohibited by law. The termination of any Proceeding or of any Matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article VII ) of itself adversely affect the fight right of Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
 
SECTION 8. Independent Counsel Expenses . The Corporation shall pay any and all reasonable fees and expenses of Independent Counsel incurred acting pursuant to this Article VII and in any proceeding to which it is a party or witness in respect of its investigation and written report and shall pay all reasonable fees and expenses incident to the procedures in which such Independent Counsel was selected or appointed. No Independent Counsel may serve if a timely objection has been made to his or her selection until a Court has determined that such objection is without a reasonable basis or such objection is withdrawn.
 
SECTION 9. Adjudication. In the event that ( i a ) a determination is made pursuant to Section 5 or 6 that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Article VII , ( ii b ) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 3 of this Article VII , ( iii) c) Independent Counsel has not made and delivered a written opinion determining the request for indemnification ( a i ) within ninety ( 90 ) days after being appointed by the Court, or ( b ii ) within ninety ( 90 ) days after objections to his or her selection have been overruled by the Court, or ( c iii ) within ninety ( 90 ) days after the time for the Corporation or Indemnitee to object to his or her selection, or ( iv d ) payment of indemnification is not made within five ( 5 ) days after a determination of entitlement to indemnification has been made or deemed to have been made pursuant to Section 5, 6 or 7 of this Article VII , Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court of the State of Delaware, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, of his or her entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of Expenses. In the event that a determination shall have been made that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section shall be conducted in all respects as a de novo trial on the merits and Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of that adverse determination. If a Change of Control shall have occurred, in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section, the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses, as the case may be. If a determination shall have been made or deemed to have been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Corporation shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 9, or otherwise, unless Indemnitee knowingly misrepresented a material fact in connection with the request for indemnification, or such indemnification is prohibited by law.
 
The Corporation shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 9 of Article VII that the procedures and presumptions of this Article VII are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in any such court that the Corporation is bound by all provisions of this Article VII . In the event that Indemnitee, pursuant to this Section 9 of Article VII , seeks a judicial adjudication to enforce his or her rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Article VII , Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Corporation, and shall be indemnified by the Corporation against, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in such judicial adjudication, but only if he or she prevails therein. If it shall be determined in such judicial adjudication that Indemnitee is entitled to receive part but not all of the indemnification or advancement of Expenses sought, the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such judicial adjudication or arbitration shall be appropriately prorated.
 
SECTION 10. Nonexclusivity of Rights . The rights of indemnification and advancement of Expenses as provided by this Article VII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or a resolution of directors, or otherwise. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Article VII or any provision thereof shall be effective as to any Indemnitee for acts, events and circumstances that occurred, in whole or in part, before such amendment, alteration or repeal. The provisions of this Article VII shall continue as to an Indemnitee whose Corporate Status has ceased and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators.
 
SECTION 11. Insurance and Subrogation . To the extent the Corporation maintains an insurance policy or policies providing liability insurance for directors or officers of the Corporation or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which such person serves at the request of the Corporation, Indemnitee each director or officer shall be covered by such policy or policies in accordance with its or their terms to the maximum extent of coverage available for any such director or officer under such policy or policies.
 
In the event of any payment hereunder, the Company Corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action a necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company Corporation to bring suit to enforce such rights.
 
The Company Corporation shall not be liable under this Article VII to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder if, and to the extent that, Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.
 
SECTION 12. Severability . If any provision or provisions of this Article VII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and, to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article VII shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
 
SECTION 13. Certain Persons Not Entitled to Indemnification . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article VII, but without limiting Indemnitee’s rights under Section 9 , no person shall be entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses under this Article VII with respect to any Proceeding, or any Matter therein brought or made by such person , against the Corporation.
 
SECTION 14. Definitions . For purposes of this Article VII :
 
Change of Control ” means a change in control of the Corporation after the date of adoption of these Bylaws in any one of the following circumstances: ( i a ) there shall have occurred an event required to be reported in response to Item 6(c) of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A (or in response to any similar item on any similar schedule or form) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Act”) , whether or not the Corporation is then subject to such reporting requirement; ( ii b ) any “person” (as such term is used in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) shall have become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Corporation representing 20% or more of the combined voting power of the Corporation’s then outstanding voting securities without prior approval of at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to such person attaining such percentage interest; ( iii c ) the Corporation is a party to a merger, consolidation, sale of assets or other reorganization, or a proxy contest, as a consequence of which members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to such transaction or event constitute less than a majority of the Board of Directors thereafter; ( iv d ) during any period of two consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors (including for this purpose any new director whose election or nomination for election by the Corporation’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who were directors at the beginning of such period) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board of Directors.
 
Corporate Status ” describes the status of a person who is or was a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Corporation or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation.
  
“D.G.C.L.” means the Delaware General Corporation Law, as currently in effect or as amended from time to time.
 
Expenses ” shall include all reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts . , witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, or being or preparing to be a witness in a Proceeding ,, ; provided , that such fees are actually incurred.
 
Indemnitee ” includes any person who is, or is threatened to be made, a witness in or a party to any Proceeding as described in Section I 1 or 2 of this Article VII by reason of his or her Corporate Status.
 
Independent Counsel ” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the five years previous to his or her selection or appointment has been, retained to represent: ( i a ) the Corporation or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party , or ( ii b ) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder.
 
Matter ” is a claim, a material issue, or a substantial request for relief.
 
Proceeding ” includes any action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, administrative hearing or any other proceeding whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except one initiated by an Indemnitee pursuant to Section 9 of this Article VII to enforce his or her rights under this Article VII .
 
SECTION 15. Notices . Any communication required or permitted to the Corporation shall be addressed to the Secretary of the Corporation and any such communication to Indemnitee shall be addressed to his or her home address unless he or she specifies otherwise and shall be personally delivered or delivered by overnight mail delivery.
 
SECTION 16. Contractual Rights . The right to be indemnified or to the advancement or reimbursement of Expenses ( i a ) is a contract right based upon good and valuable consideration, Pursuant pursuant to which Indemnitee may sue as if these provisions were set forth in a separate written contract between him or her and the Corporation, ( ii b ) is and is intended to be retroactive and shall be available as to events occurring prior to the adoption of these provisions, and ( iii c ) shall continue after any rescission or restrictive modification of such provisions as to events occurring prior thereto.
 
ARTICLE VIII.
EXCLUSIVE FORUM
Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by, or other wrongdoing by, any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, creditors or other constituents, (c) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, (d) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws or (e) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine; in each case, subject to the Court of Chancery having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein; provided that, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismisses any such action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, such action may be brought in another state or federal court sitting in the State of Delaware. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a) the provisions of this Article VIII will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction, and (b) unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action against the Corporation or any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation and arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article VIII. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of this Article VIII is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”) in the name of any current or former stockholder of the Corporation, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (i) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce this Article VIII and (ii) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such enforcement action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder. If any provision or provisions of this Article VIII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article VIII (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Article VIII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

ARTICLE IX.
AMENDMENTS
Subject to the limitations set forth in Section 10 of Article VII of these Bylaws and the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal these Bylaws. The stockholders also shall have power to adopt, alter, amend or repeal these Bylaws; provided, however, that in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Corporation required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, such action by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

These Bylaws may be altered, amended, added to or repealed by the stockholders at any annual or special meeting or by written consent, by the vote or consent of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes which all stockholders are entitled to cast (i.e., by -the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote), and, except as may be otherwise required by law, the power to alter, amend, add to or repeal these Bylaws is also vested in the Board of Directors (subject always to the power of the stockholders to change such action); provided, however, that notice of the general nature of any such action proposed to be taken shall be included in the notice of the meeting of stockholders or of the Board of Directors at which such action is taken.







Exhibit 10.1




INNOVATE BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
2012 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN
 
  (as approved by stockholders on December 4, 2018)
 
 
ARTICLE I
 
PURPOSE AND ADOPTION OF THE PLAN
 
1.01.       Purpose . The purpose of the Innovate Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 2012 Incentive Plan (as amended from time to time, the "Plan") is to assist in attracting and retaining highly competent employees, directors and consultants to act as an incentive in motivating selected employees, directors and consultants of the Company   and its Subsidiaries to achieve long-term corporate objectives and to enable stock-based and cash-based incentive awards to qualify as performance-based compensation for purposes of the tax deduction limitations under Section 162(m) of the Code.
 
1.02.       Adoption and Term . The Plan became effective on April 30, 2012. The Plan shall remain in effect until the tenth anniversary of the effective date, or until terminated by action of the Board, whichever occurs sooner.
  
ARTICLE II
 
DEFINITIONS
 
For the purpose of this Plan, capitalized terms shall have the following meanings:
 
2.01.       Affiliate  means an entity in which, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, the Company has at least a fifty percent (50%) ownership interest or, where permissible under Section 409A of the Code, at least a twenty percent (20%) ownership interest;  provided however , for purposes of any grant of an Incentive Stock Option, “Affiliate” means a corporation which, for purposes of Section 424 of the Code, is a parent or subsidiary of the Company, directly or indirectly.
 
2.02.       Award  means any one or a combination of Non-Qualified Stock Options or Incentive Stock Options described in Article VI, Stock Appreciation Rights described in Article VI, Restricted Shares and Restricted Stock Units described in Article VII, Performance Awards described in Article VIII, other stock-based Awards described in Article IX, short-term cash incentive Awards described in Article X or any other Award made under the terms of the Plan.
 
2.03.       Award Agreement  means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant or a written acknowledgment from the Company to a Participant specifically setting forth the terms and conditions of an Award granted under the Plan.
 
2.04.        Award Period  means, with respect to an Award, the period of time, if any, set forth in the Award Agreement during which specified target performance goals must be achieved or other conditions set forth in the Award Agreement must be satisfied.
 
2.05.        Beneficiary  means an individual, trust or estate who or which, by a written designation of the Participant filed with the Company, or if no such written designation is filed, by operation of law, succeeds to the rights and obligations of the Participant under the Plan and the Award Agreement upon the Participant's death.
 
2.06.        Board  means the Board of Directors of the Company.
 
2.07.        Change in Control  means, and shall be deemed to have occurred upon the occurrence of, any one of the following events:
 

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(a)       The acquisition in one or more transactions, other than from the Company, by any individual, entity or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act), other than the Company, an Affiliate or any employee benefit plan (or related trust) sponsored or maintained by the Company or an Affiliate, of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act) of a number of Company Voting Securities in excess of 25% of the Company Voting Securities unless such acquisition has been approved by the Board;
 
(b)       Any election has occurred of persons to the Board that causes two-thirds of the Board to consist of persons other than (i) persons who were members of the Board on the effective date of the Plan and (ii) persons who were nominated for elections as members of the Board at a time when two-thirds of the Board consisted of persons who were members of the Board on the effective date of the Plan, provided, however, that any person nominated for election by a Board at least two-thirds of whom constituted persons described in clauses (i) and/or (ii) or by persons who were themselves nominated by such Board shall, for this purpose, be deemed to have been nominated by a Board composed of persons described in clause (i);
 
(c)       The consummation ( i.e.  closing) of a reorganization, merger or consolidation involving the Company, unless, following such reorganization, merger or consolidation, all or substantially all of the individuals and entities who were the respective beneficial owners of the Outstanding Common Stock and Company Voting Securities immediately prior to such reorganization, merger or consolidation, following such reorganization, merger or consolidation beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 75% of, respectively, the then outstanding shares of common stock and the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors or trustees, as the case may be, of the entity resulting from such reorganization, merger or consolidation in substantially the same proportion as their ownership of the Outstanding Common Stock and Company Voting Securities immediately prior to such reorganization, merger or consolidation, as the case may be;
 
(d)       The consummation ( i.e.  closing) of a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the Company, unless, following such sale or disposition, all or substantially all of the individuals and entities who were the respective beneficial owners of the Outstanding Common Stock and Company Voting Securities immediately prior to such sale or disposition, following such sale or disposition beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 75% of, respectively, the then outstanding shares of common stock and the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors or trustees, as the case may be, of the entity purchasing such assets in substantially the same proportion as their ownership of the Outstanding Common Stock and Company Voting Securities immediately prior to such sale or disposition, as the case may be; or
 
(e)       a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company.
 
2.08.        Code  means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. References to a section of the Code shall include that section and any comparable section or sections of any future legislation that amends, supplements or supersedes said section.
 
2.09.        Committee  means the Compensation Committee of the Board.
 
2.10.        Common Stock  means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share.
 
2.11.        Company  means Innovate Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its successors.
 
2.12.        Company Voting Securities  means the combined voting power of all outstanding voting securities of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors to the Board.
 
2.13.        Date of Grant  means the date designated by the Committee as the date as of which it grants an Award, which shall not be earlier than the date on which the Committee approves the granting of such Award.
 
2.14.        Dividend Equivalent Account  means a bookkeeping account in accordance with under Section 11.17 and related to an Award that is credited with the amount of any cash dividends or stock distributions that would be payable with respect to the shares of Common Stock subject to such Awards had such shares been outstanding shares of Common Stock.
 
2.15         Exchange Act  means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 

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2.16.        Exercise Price  means, with respect to a Stock Appreciation Right, the amount established by the Committee in the Award Agreement which is to be subtracted from the Fair Market Value on the date of exercise in order to determine the amount of the payment to be made to the Participant, as further described in Section 6.02(b).
  
2.17.       Fair Market Value  means, as of any applicable date: (i) if the Common Stock is listed on a national securities exchange or is authorized for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market System (“NMS”), the closing sales price of the Common Stock on the exchange or NMS, as the case may be, on that date, or, if no sale of the Common Stock occurred on that date, on the next preceding date on which there was a reported sale; or (ii) if none of the above apply, the closing bid price as reported by the Nasdaq SmallCap Market on that date, or if no price was reported for that date, on the next preceding date for which a price was reported; or (iii) if none of the above apply, the last reported bid price published in the “pink sheets” or displayed on the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (“NASD”), Electronic Bulletin Board, as the case may be; or (iv) if none of the above apply, the fair market value of the Common Stock as determined under procedures established by the Committee.
 
2.18.       Incentive Stock Option  means a stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.
 
2.19.       Merger  means any merger, reorganization, consolidation, exchange, transfer of assets or other transaction having similar effect involving the Company.
 
2.20.       Non-Qualified Stock Option  means a stock option which is not an Incentive Stock Option.
 
2.21        Non-Vested Share  means shares of the Company Common Stock issued to a Participant in respect of the non-vested portion of an Option in the event of the early exercise of such Participant’s Options pursuant to such Participant’s Award Agreement, as permitted in Section 6.06 below.
 
2.22.       Options  means all Non-Qualified Stock Options and Incentive Stock Options granted at any time under the Plan.
 
2.23.       Outstanding Common Stock  means, at any time, the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock.
 
2.24.       Participant  means a person designated to receive an Award under the Plan in accordance with Section 5.01.
 
2.25.       Performance Awards  means Awards granted in accordance with Article VIII.
  
2.26.       Performance Goals  means net sales, units sold or growth in units sold, return on stockholders' equity, customer satisfaction or retention, return on investment or working capital, operating income, economic value added (the amount, if any, by which net operating income after tax exceeds a reference cost of capital), EBITDA (as net income (loss) before net interest expense, provision (benefit) for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization), expense targets, net income, earnings per share, share price, reductions in inventory, inventory turns, on-time delivery performance, operating efficiency, productivity ratios, market share or change in market share, any one of which may be measured with respect to the Company or any one or more of its Subsidiaries and divisions and either in absolute terms or as compared to another company or companies, and quantifiable, objective measures of individual performance relevant to the particular individual's job responsibilities.
 
2.27.       Plan  has the meaning given to such term in Section 1.01.
 
2.28.       Purchase Price , with respect to Options, shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.01(b).
 
2.29.       Restricted Shares  means Common Stock subject to restrictions imposed in connection with Awards granted under Article VII.
 
2.30.       Restricted Stock Unit   means a unit representing the right to receive Common Stock or the value thereof in the future subject to restrictions imposed in connection with Awards granted under Article VII.
 
2.31.       Rule 16b-3  means Rule 16b-3 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 16 of the Exchange Act, as the same may be amended from time to time, and any successor rule.
 
2.32.       Stock Appreciation Rights  means awards granted in accordance with Article VI.
 

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2.33       Termination of Service  means the voluntary or involuntary termination of a Participant’s service as an employee, director or consultant with the Company or an Affiliate for any reason, including death, disability, retirement or as the result of the divestiture of the Participant's employer or any similar transaction in which the Participant's employer ceases to be the Company or one of its Subsidiaries. Whether entering military or other government service shall constitute Termination of Service, or whether and when a Termination of Service shall occur as a result of disability, shall be determined in each case by the Committee in its sole discretion.
 
   
ARTICLE III
 
ADMINISTRATION
 
3.01.        Committee .
 
(a)        Duties and Authority . The Plan shall be administered by the Committee and the Committee shall have exclusive and final authority in each determination, interpretation or other action affecting the Plan and its Participants. The Committee shall have the sole discretionary authority to interpret the Plan, to establish and modify administrative rules for the Plan, to impose such conditions and restrictions on Awards as it determines appropriate, and to make all factual determinations with respect to and take such steps in connection with the Plan and Awards granted hereunder as it may deem necessary or advisable. The Committee shall not, however, have or exercise any discretion that would disqualify amounts payable under Article X as performance-based compensation for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code. The Committee may delegate such of its powers and authority under the Plan as it deems appropriate to a subcommittee of the Committee or designated officers or employees of the Company. In addition, the full Board may exercise any of the powers and authority of the Committee under the Plan. In the event of such delegation of authority or exercise of authority by the Board, references in the Plan to the Committee shall be deemed to refer, as appropriate, to the delegate of the Committee or the Board. Actions taken by the Committee or any subcommittee thereof, and any delegation by the Committee to designated officers or employees, under this Section 3.01 shall comply with Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, the performance-based provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code, and the regulations promulgated under each of such statutory provisions, or the respective successors to such statutory provisions or regulations, as in effect from time to time, to the extent applicable.
 

(b)        Indemnification . Each person who is or shall have been a member of the Board or the Committee, or an officer or employee of the Company to whom authority was delegated in accordance with the Plan shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company against and from any loss, cost, liability, or expense that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred by such individual in connection with or resulting from any claim, action, suit, or proceeding to which he or she may be a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action taken or failure to act under the Plan and against and from any and all amounts paid by him or her in settlement thereof, with the Company’s approval, or paid by him or her in satisfaction of any judgment in any such action, suit, or proceeding against him or her, provided he or she shall give the Company an opportunity, at its own expense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf; provided, however, that the foregoing indemnification shall not apply to any loss, cost, liability, or expense that is a result of his or her own willful misconduct. The foregoing right of indemnification shall not be exclusive of any other rights of indemnification to which such persons may be entitled under the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, conferred in a separate agreement with the Company, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.

ARTICLE IV
 
SHARES
 
4.01.       Number of Shares Issuable .

(a)        General Share Reserve . The total number of shares initially authorized to be issued under the Plan was 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock which was subsequently adjusted to 150,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock in order to reflect the 1-for-10 stock split consummated on January 29, 2018. The Plan is hereby amended to increase the maximum number of shares available for issuance to Participants under the Plan to 3,150,000   shares, which number may be increased from time to time beginning January 1, 2019 pursuant to the “evergreen” provision set forth in Section 4.01(b) immediately below. The foregoing share reserve number, as may be increased from time to time pursuant to the evergreen provision of Section 4.01(b) below, shall be subject to further adjustment in accordance with Section 11.07 relating to capitalization adjustments. The aggregate maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued on the exercise of

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Incentive Stock Options shall be 3,150,000 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 11.07. The shares to be offered under the Plan shall be authorized and unissued Common Stock, or issued Common Stock that shall have been reacquired by the Company. For clarity, the share reserve established pursuant to this Section 4.01(a), as may be adjusted from time to time, is a limitation on the number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan and not on the number of Awards that can be granted pursuant to the Plan. As a single share may be subject to grant more than once (e.g.,if a share subject to an Award is forfeited, it may be made subject to grant again as provided in Section 4.02 below), the share reserve does not establish a limit on the number of Awards that may be granted.

b)        Additional Reserves . For the period commencing January 1, 2019 and ending January 1, 2022, the share reserve set forth in Section 4.01(a) shall be automatically increased on January 1 of each year by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) five percent (5%) of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of December 31st of the immediately preceding calendar year or (ii) such lesser number of shares as determined by our Board prior to January 1 of a particular calendar year.
 
4.02.       Shares Subject to Terminated Awards . Common Stock covered by any unexercised portions of terminated or forfeited Options (including canceled Options) granted under Article VI, Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units forfeited as provided in Article VII, other stock-based Awards terminated or forfeited as provided under the Plan, and Common Stock subject to any Awards that are otherwise surrendered by the Participant may again be subject to new Awards under the Plan. Shares of Common Stock surrendered to or withheld by the Company in payment or satisfaction of the Purchase Price of an Option or tax withholding obligation with respect to an Award shall be available for the grant of new Awards under the Plan. In the event of the exercise of Stock Appreciation Rights, whether or not granted in tandem with Options, only the number of shares of Common Stock actually issued in payment of such Stock Appreciation Rights shall be charged against the number of shares of Common Stock available for the grant of Awards hereunder.

ARTICLE V
 
PARTICIPATION
 
5.01.       Eligible Participants . Participants in the Plan shall be such employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its Subsidiaries as the Committee, in its sole discretion, may designate from time to time. The Committee's designation of a Participant in any year shall not require the Committee to designate such person to receive Awards or grants in any other year. The designation of a Participant to receive Awards or grants under one portion of the Plan does not require the Committee to include such Participant under other portions of the Plan. The Committee shall consider such factors as it deems pertinent in selecting Participants and in determining the type and amount of their respective Awards. Subject to adjustment in accordance with Section 11.07, in any calendar year, no Participant shall be granted Awards in respect of more than 1.5 million shares of Common Stock (whether through grants of Options or Stock Appreciation Rights or other Awards of Common Stock or rights with respect thereto) or cash-based Awards for more than $1 million.
 
  ARTICLE VI
 
STOCK OPTIONS AND STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS
 
6.01.        Option Awards .
 
(a)        Grant of Options . The Committee may grant, to such Participants as the Committee may select, Options entitling the Participant to purchase shares of Common Stock from the Company in such number, at such price, and on such terms and subject to such conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of this Plan, as may be established by the Committee. The terms of any Option granted under this Plan shall be set forth in an Award Agreement.
 
(b)        Purchase Price of Options . Subject to the requirements applicable to Incentive Stock Options under Section 6.01(d), the Purchase Price of each share of Common Stock which may be purchased upon exercise of any Option granted under the Plan shall be determined by the Committee.
 
(c)        Designation of Options . The Committee shall designate, at the time of the grant of each Option, the Option as an Incentive Stock Option or a Non-Qualified Stock Option;  provided, however,  that an Option may be designated as an Incentive Stock Option only if the applicable Participant is an employee of the Company on the Date of Grant.
 
(d)        Special Incentive Stock Option Rules . No Participant may be granted Incentive Stock Options under the Incentive Plan (or any other plans of the Company) that would result in Incentive Stock Options to purchase shares of

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Common Stock with an aggregate Fair Market Value (measured on the Date of Grant) of more than $100,000 first becoming exercisable by the Participant in any one calendar year. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Incentive Plan to the contrary, the Exercise Price of each Incentive Stock Option shall be equal to or greater than the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Incentive Stock Option as of the Date of Grant of the Incentive Stock Option;  provided however , that no Incentive Stock Option shall be granted to any person who, at the time the Option is granted, owns stock (including stock owned by application of the constructive ownership rules in Section 424(d) of the Code) possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company, unless at the time the Incentive Stock Option is granted the price of the Option is at least one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Incentive Stock Option and the Incentive Stock Option by its terms is not exercisable for more than five years from the Date of Grant.
 
(e)        Rights As a Stockholder . A Participant or a transferee of an Option pursuant to Section 11.04 shall have no rights as a stockholder with respect to Common Stock covered by an Option until the Participant or transferee shall have become the holder of record of any such shares, and no adjustment shall be made for
dividends in cash or other property or distributions or other rights with respect to any such Common Stock for which the record date is prior to the date on which the Participant or a transferee of the Option shall have become the holder of record of any such shares covered by the Option; provided, however, that Participants are entitled to share adjustments to reflect capital changes under Section 11.07.
  
6.02.        Stock Appreciation Rights .
 
(a)        Stock Appreciation Right Awards . The Committee is authorized to grant to any Participant one or more Stock Appreciation Rights. Such Stock Appreciation Rights may be granted either independent of or in tandem with Options granted to the same Participant. Stock Appreciation Rights granted in tandem with Options may be granted simultaneously with, or, in the case of Non-Qualified Stock Options, subsequent to, the grant to such Participant of the related Option; provided however, that: (i) any Option covering any share of Common Stock shall expire and not be exercisable upon the exercise of any Stock Appreciation Right with respect to the same share, (ii) any Stock Appreciation Right covering any share of Common Stock shall expire and not be exercisable upon the exercise of any related Option with respect to the same share, and (iii) an Option and Stock Appreciation Right covering the same share of Common Stock may not be exercised simultaneously. Upon exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right with respect to a share of Common Stock, the Participant shall be entitled to receive an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (A) the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of exercise over (B) the Exercise Price of such Stock Appreciation Right established in the Award Agreement, which amount shall be payable as provided in Section 6.02(c).
 
(b)        Exercise Price . The Exercise Price established under any Stock Appreciation Right granted under this Plan shall be determined by the Committee, but in the case of Stock Appreciation Rights granted in tandem with Options shall not be less than the Purchase Price of the related Option. Upon exercise of Stock Appreciation Rights granted in tandem with options, the number of shares subject to exercise under any related Option shall automatically be reduced by the number of shares of Common Stock represented by the Option or portion thereof which are surrendered as a result of the exercise of such Stock Appreciation Rights.
 
(c)         Payment of Incremental Value . Any payment which may become due from the Company by reason of a Participant's exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right may be paid to the Participant as determined by the Committee (i) all in cash, (ii) all in Common Stock, or (iii) in any combination of cash and Common Stock. In the event that all or a portion of the payment is made in Common Stock, the number of shares of Common Stock delivered in satisfaction of such payment shall be determined by dividing the amount of such payment or portion thereof by the Fair Market Value on the Exercise Date. No fractional share of Common Stock shall be issued to make any payment in respect of Stock Appreciation Rights; if any fractional share would be issuable, the combination of cash and Common Stock payable to the Participant shall be adjusted as directed by the Committee to avoid the issuance of any fractional share.
 
6.03.        Terms of Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights .
 
(a)        Conditions on Exercise . An Award Agreement with respect to Options or Stock Appreciation Rights may contain such waiting periods, exercise dates and restrictions on exercise (including, but not limited to, periodic installments) as may be determined by the Committee at the time of grant. In the event the Committee grants an Option or Stock Appreciation Right that would be subject to Section 409A of the Code, the Committee may include such additional terms, conditions and restrictions on the exercise of such Option or Stock Appreciation Right as the Committee deems necessary or advisable in order to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.
  

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(b)           Duration of Options and Stock Appreciation Rights . Options and Stock Appreciation Rights shall terminate upon the first to occur of the following events:
 
(i)       Expiration of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right as provided in the Award Agreement; or
 
(ii)      Termination of the Award in the event of a Participant's disability, Retirement, death or other Termination of Service as provided in the Award Agreement; or
 
(iii)        In the case of an Incentive Stock Option, ten years from the Date of Grant (five years in certain cases, as described in Section 6.01(d)); or
 
(iv)      Solely in the case of a Stock Appreciation Right granted in tandem with an Option, upon the expiration of the related Option.
 
(c)         Acceleration or Extension of Exercise Time . The Committee, in its sole discretion, shall have the right (but shall not be obligated), exercisable on or at any time after the Date of Grant, to permit the exercise of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right (i) prior to the time such Option or Stock Appreciation Right would become exercisable under the terms of the Award Agreement, (ii) after the termination of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right under the terms of the Award Agreement, or (iii) after the expiration of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right.
 
6.04.       Exercise Procedures . Each Option and Stock Appreciation Right granted under the Plan shall be exercised under such procedures and by such methods as the Board may establish or approve from time to time. The Purchase Price of shares purchased upon exercise of an Option granted under the Plan shall be paid in full in cash by the Participant pursuant to the Award Agreement; provided, however, that the Committee may (but shall not be required to) permit payment to be made (a) by delivery to the Company of shares of Common Stock held by the Participant, (b) by a “net exercise” method under which the Company reduces the number of shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise by the largest whole number of shares with a Fair Market Value that does not exceed the aggregate Exercise Price, or (c) such other consideration as the Committee deems appropriate and in compliance with applicable law (including payment under an arrangement constituting a brokerage transaction as permitted under the provisions of Regulation T applicable to cashless exercises promulgated by the Federal Reserve Board, unless prohibited by Section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002). In the event that any Common Stock shall be transferred to the Company to satisfy all or any part of the Purchase Price, the part of the Purchase Price deemed to have been satisfied by such transfer of Common Stock shall be equal to the product derived by multiplying the Fair Market Value as of the date of exercise times the number of shares of Common Stock transferred to the Company. The Participant may not transfer to the Company in satisfaction of the Purchase Price any fractional share of Common Stock. Any part of the Purchase Price paid in cash upon the exercise of any Option shall be added to the general funds of the Company and may be used for any proper corporate purpose. Unless the Committee shall otherwise determine, any Common Stock transferred to the Company as payment of all or part of the Purchase Price upon the exercise of any Option shall be held as treasury shares.
  
6.05.       Change in Control . Unless otherwise provided by the Committee in the applicable Award Agreement, in the event of a Change in Control, no accelerated vesting of any Options or Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding on the date of such Change in Control shall occur.
 
6.06       Early Exercise.  An Option may, but need not, include a provision by which the Participant may elect to exercise the Option in whole or in part prior to the date the Option is fully vested. The provision may be included in the Award Agreement at the time of grant of the Option or may be added to the Award Agreement by amendment at a later time. In the event of an early exercise of an Option, any shares of Common Stock received shall be subject to a special repurchase right in favor of the Company with terms established by the Board. The Board shall determine the time and/or the event that causes the repurchase right to terminate and fully vest the Common Stock in the Participant. Alternatively, in the sole discretion of the Board, one or more Participants may be granted stock purchase rights allowing them to purchase shares of Common Stock outright, subject to conditions and restrictions as the Board may determine.
   


ARTICLE VII
 
RESTRICTED SHARES AND RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS
 
7.01.       Award of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units .   The Committee may grant to any Participant an Award of Restricted Shares consisting of a specified number of shares of Common Stock issued to the Participant subject to such

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terms, conditions and forfeiture and transfer restrictions, whether based on performance standards, periods of service, retention by the Participant of ownership of specified shares of Common Stock or other criteria, as the Committee shall establish. The Committee may also grant Restricted Stock Units representing the right to receive shares of Common Stock in the future subject to such terms, conditions and restrictions, whether based on performance standards, periods of service, retention by the Participant of ownership of specified shares of Common Stock or other criteria, as the Committee shall establish. With respect to performance-based Awards of Restricted Shares or Restricted Stock Units intended to qualify as "performance-based" compensation for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code, performance targets will consist of specified levels of one or more of the Performance Goals. The terms of any Restricted Share and Restricted Stock Unit Awards granted under this Plan shall be set forth in an Award Agreement which shall contain provisions determined by the Committee and not inconsistent with this Plan.
 
7.02         Restricted Shares .
 
(a)        Issuance of Restricted Shares . As soon as practicable after the Date of Grant of a Restricted Share Award by the Committee, the Company shall cause to be transferred on the books of the Company, or its agent, Common Stock, registered on behalf of the Participant, evidencing the Restricted Shares covered by the Award, but subject to forfeiture to the Company as of the Date of Grant if an Award Agreement with respect to the Restricted Shares covered by the Award is not duly executed by the Participant and timely returned to the Company. All Common Stock covered by Awards under this Article VII shall be subject to the restrictions, terms and conditions contained in the Plan and the Award Agreement entered into by the Participant. Until the lapse or release of all restrictions applicable to an Award of Restricted Shares, the share certificates representing such Restricted Shares may be held in custody by the Company, its designee, or, if the certificates bear a restrictive legend, by the Participant. Upon the lapse or release of all restrictions with respect to an Award as described in Section 7.02(d), one or more share certificates, registered in the name of the Participant, for an appropriate number of shares as provided in Section 7.02(d), free of any restrictions set forth in the Plan and the Award Agreement shall be delivered to the Participant.
 
(b)        Stockholder Rights . Beginning on the Date of Grant of the Restricted Share Award and subject to execution of the Award Agreement as provided in Section 7.02(a), the Participant shall become a stockholder of the Company with respect to all shares subject to the Award Agreement and shall have all of the rights of a stockholder, including, but not limited to, the right to vote such shares and the right to receive dividends; provided, however, that any Common Stock distributed as a dividend or otherwise with respect to any Restricted Shares as to which the restrictions have not yet lapsed, shall be subject to the same restrictions as such Restricted Shares and held or restricted as provided in Section 7.02(a).
 
(c)        Restriction on Transferability . None of the Restricted Shares may be assigned or transferred (other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, or to an inter vivos trust with respect to which the Participant is treated as the owner under Sections 671 through 677 of the Code, except to the extent that Section 16 of the Exchange Act limits a Participant's right to make such transfers), pledged or sold prior to lapse of the restrictions applicable thereto.
 
(d)        Delivery of Shares Upon Vesting . Upon expiration or earlier termination of the forfeiture period without a forfeiture and the satisfaction of or release from any other conditions prescribed by the Committee, or at such earlier time as provided under the provisions of Section 7.04, the restrictions applicable to the Restricted Shares shall lapse. As promptly as administratively feasible thereafter, subject to the requirements of Section 11.05, the Company shall deliver to the Participant or, in case of the Participant's death, to the Participant's Beneficiary, one or more share certificates for the appropriate number of shares of Common Stock, free of all such restrictions, except for any restrictions that may be imposed by law.
 
(e)        Forfeiture of Restricted Shares . Subject to Sections 7.02(f) and 7.04, all Restricted Shares shall be forfeited and returned to the Company and all rights of the Participant with respect to such Restricted Shares shall terminate unless the Participant continues in the service of the Company or an Affiliate as an employee until the expiration of the forfeiture period for such Restricted Shares and satisfies any and all other conditions set forth in the Award Agreement. The Committee shall determine the forfeiture period (which may, but need not, lapse in installments) and any other terms and conditions applicable with respect to any Restricted Share Award.
 
(f)        Waiver of Forfeiture Period . Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article VII to the contrary, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, waive the forfeiture period and any other conditions set forth in any Award Agreement under appropriate circumstances (including the death, disability or Retirement of the Participant or a material change in circumstances arising after the date of an Award) and subject to such terms and conditions (including forfeiture of a proportionate number of the Restricted Shares) as the Committee shall deem appropriate.
 
7.03.       Restricted Stock Units .

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(a)        Settlement of Restricted Stock Units . Payments shall be made to Participants with respect to their Restricted Stock Units as soon as practicable after the Committee has determined that the terms and conditions applicable to such Award have been satisfied or at a later date if distribution has been deferred. Payments to Participants with respect to Restricted Stock Units shall be made in the form of Common Stock, or cash or a combination of both, as the Committee may determine. The amount of any cash to be paid in lieu of Common Stock shall be determined on the basis of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date any such payment is processed. As to shares of Common Stock which constitute all or any part of such payment, the Committee may impose such restrictions concerning their transferability and/or their forfeiture as may be provided in the applicable Award Agreement or as the Committee may otherwise determine, provided such determination is made on or before the date certificates for such shares are first delivered to the applicable Participant.
 
(b)        Shareholder Rights . Until the lapse or release of all restrictions applicable to an Award of Restricted Stock Units, no shares of Common Stock shall be issued in respect of such Awards and no Participant shall have any rights as a shareholder of the Company with respect to the shares of Common Stock covered by such Award of Restricted Stock Units.
 
(c)        Waiver of Forfeiture Period . Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 7.03 to the contrary, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, waive the forfeiture period and any other conditions set forth in any Award Agreement under appropriate circumstances (including the death, disability or retirement of the Participant or a material change in circumstances arising after the date of an Award) and subject to such terms and conditions (including forfeiture of a proportionate number of shares issuable upon settlement of the Restricted Stock Units constituting an Award) as the Committee shall deem appropriate.
  
(d)        Deferral of Payment . If approved by the Committee and set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, a Participant may elect to defer the amount payable with respect to the Participant’s Restricted Stock Units in accordance with such terms as may be established by the Committee, subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.
 
7.04       Change in Control . Unless otherwise provided by the Committee in the applicable Award Agreement, no acceleration of the termination of any of the restrictions applicable to Restricted Shares and Restricted Stock Unit Awards shall occur in the event of a Change in Control.
   

ARTICLE VIII
 
PERFORMANCE AWARDS
 
8.01.         Performance Awards .
 
(a)        Award Periods and Calculations of Potential Incentive Amounts . The Committee may grant Performance Awards to Participants. A Performance Award shall consist of the right to receive a payment (measured by the Fair Market Value of a specified number of shares of Common Stock, increases in such Fair Market Value during the Award Period and/or a fixed cash amount) contingent upon the extent to which certain predetermined performance targets have been met during an Award Period. The Award Period shall be two or more fiscal or calendar years as determined by the Committee. The Committee, in its discretion and under such terms as it deems appropriate, may permit newly eligible Participants, such as those who are promoted or newly hired, to receive Performance Awards after an Award Period has commenced.
 
(b)        Performance Targets . Subject to Section 11.18, the performance targets applicable to a Performance Award may include such goals related to the performance of the Company or, where relevant, any one or more of its Subsidiaries or divisions and/or the performance of a Participant as may be established by the Committee in its discretion. In the case of Performance Awards to "covered employees" (as defined in Section 162(m) of the Code), the targets will be limited to specified levels of one or more of the Performance Goals. The performance targets established by the Committee may vary for different Award Periods and need not be the same for each Participant receiving a Performance Award in an Award Period.
 
(c)        Earning Performance Awards . The Committee, at or as soon as practicable after the Date of Grant, shall prescribe a formula to determine the percentage of the Performance Award to be earned based upon the degree of attainment of the applicable performance targets.
  
(d)        Payment of Earned Performance Awards . Subject to the requirements of Section 11.05, payments of earned Performance Awards shall be made in cash or Common Stock, or a combination of cash and Common Stock, in the

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discretion of the Committee. The Committee, in its sole discretion, may define, and set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, such terms and conditions with respect to the payment of earned Performance Awards as it may deem desirable.
 
8.02.       Termination of Service . In the event of a Participant’s Termination of Service during an Award Period, the Participant’s Performance Awards shall be forfeited except as may otherwise be provided in the applicable Award Agreement.
 
8.03.       Change in Control . Unless otherwise provided by the Committee in the applicable Award Agreement, in the event of a Change in Control, no accelerated vesting of any Performance Awards outstanding on the date of such Change in Control shall occur.
 


ARTICLE IX
 
OTHER STOCK-BASED AWARDS
 
9.01.       Grant of Other Stock-Based Awards . Other stock-based awards, consisting of stock purchase rights (with or without loans to Participants by the Company containing such terms as the Committee shall determine), Awards of Common Stock, or Awards valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, Common Stock, may be granted either alone or in addition to or in conjunction with other Awards under the Plan. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee shall have sole and complete authority to determine the persons to whom and the time or times at which such Awards shall be made, the number of shares of Common Stock to be granted pursuant to such Awards, and all other conditions of the Awards. Any such Award shall be confirmed by an Award Agreement executed by the Committee and the Participant, which Award Agreement shall contain such provisions as the Committee determines to be necessary or appropriate to carry out the intent of this Plan with respect to such Award.
 
9.02.         Terms of Other Stock-Based Awards . In addition to the terms and conditions specified in the Award Agreement, Awards made pursuant to this Article IX shall be subject to the following:
 
(a)       Any Common Stock subject to Awards made under this Article IX may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise encumbered prior to the date on which the shares are issued, or, if later, the date on which any applicable restriction, performance or deferral period lapses; and
  
(b)       If specified by the Committee in the Award Agreement, the recipient of an Award under this Article IX shall be entitled to receive, currently or on a deferred basis, interest or dividends or dividend equivalents with respect to the Common Stock or other securities covered by the Award; and
 
(c)       The Award Agreement with respect to any Award shall contain provisions dealing with the disposition of such Award in the event of a Termination of Service prior to the exercise, payment or other settlement of such Award, whether such termination occurs because of Retirement, disability, death or other reason, with such provisions to take account of the specific nature and purpose of the Award.
   
ARTICLE X
 
SHORT-TERM CASH INCENTIVE AWARDS
 
10.01.       Eligibility . Executive officers of the Company who are from time to time determined by the Committee to be "covered employees" for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code will be eligible to receive short-term cash incentive awards under this Article X.
 
10.02.       Awards .
 
(a)        Performance Targets . The Committee shall establish objective performance targets based on specified levels of one or more of the Performance Goals. Such performance targets shall be established by the Committee on a timely basis to ensure that the targets are considered "preestablished" for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code.
 
(b)        Amounts of Awards . In conjunction with the establishment of performance targets for a fiscal year or such other short-term performance period established by the Committee, the Committee shall adopt an objective formula (on the basis of percentages of Participants' salaries, shares in a bonus pool or otherwise) for computing the respective amounts

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payable under the Plan to Participants if and to the extent that the performance targets are attained. Such formula shall comply with the requirements applicable to performance-based compensation plans under Section 162(m) of the Code and, to the extent based on percentages of a bonus pool, such percentages shall not exceed 100% in the aggregate.
 
(c)        Payment of Awards . Awards will be payable to Participants in cash each year upon prior written certification by the Committee of attainment of the specified performance targets for the preceding fiscal year or other applicable performance period.
 
(d)        Negative Discretion . Notwithstanding the attainment by the Company of the specified performance targets, the Committee shall have the discretion, which need not be exercised uniformly among the Participants, to reduce or eliminate the award that would be otherwise paid.

(e)        Guidelines . The Committee may adopt from time to time written policies for its implementation of this Article X. Such guidelines shall reflect the intention of the Company that all payments hereunder qualify as performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code.
 
(f)        Non-Exclusive Arrangement . The adoption and operation of this Article X shall not preclude the Board or the Committee from approving other short-term incentive compensation arrangements for the benefit of individuals who are Participants hereunder as the Board or Committee, as the case may be, deems appropriate and in the best of the Company.
  
ARTICLE XI
 
TERMS APPLICABLE GENERALLY TO AWARDS
GRANTED UNDER THE PLAN
 
11.01.       Plan Provisions Control Award Terms . Except as provided in Section 11.16, the terms of the Plan shall govern all Awards granted under the Plan, and in no event shall the Committee have the power to grant any Award under the Plan which is contrary to any of the provisions of the Plan. In the event any provision of any Award granted under the Plan shall conflict with any term in the Plan as constituted on the Date of Grant of such Award, the term in the Plan as constituted on the Date of Grant of such Award shall control. Except as provided in Section 11.03 and Section 11.07, the terms of any Award granted under the Plan may not be changed after the Date of Grant of such Award so as to materially decrease the value of the Award without the express written approval of the holder.
 
11.02.       Award Agreement . No person shall have any rights under any Award granted under the Plan unless and until the Company and the Participant to whom such Award shall have been granted shall have executed and delivered an Award Agreement or received any other Award acknowledgment authorized by the Committee expressly granting the Award to such person and containing provisions setting forth the terms of the Award.
 
11.03.       Modification of Award After Grant . No Award granted under the Plan to a Participant may be modified (unless such modification does not materially decrease the value of the Award) after the Date of Grant except by express written agreement between the Company and the Participant, provided that any such change (a) shall not be inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, and (b) shall be approved by the Committee.
  
11.04.       Limitation on Transfer . Except as provided in Section 7.01(c) in the case of Restricted Shares, a Participant's rights and interest under the Plan may not be assigned or transferred other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and during the lifetime of a Participant, only the Participant personally (or the Participant's personal representative) may exercise rights under the Plan. The Participant's Beneficiary may exercise the Participant's rights to the extent they are exercisable under the Plan following the death of the Participant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent permitted under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act with respect to Participants subject to such Section, the Committee may grant Non-Qualified Stock Options that are transferable, without payment of consideration, to immediate family members of the Participant or to trusts or partnerships for such family members, and the Committee may also amend outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Options to provide for such transferability.
 
11.05.       Taxes . The Company shall be entitled, if the Committee deems it necessary or desirable, to withhold (or secure payment from the Participant in lieu of withholding) the amount of any withholding or other tax required by law to be withheld or paid by the Company with respect to any amount payable and/or shares issuable under such Participant's Award, or with respect to any income recognized upon a disqualifying disposition of shares received pursuant to the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option, and the Company may defer payment or issuance of the cash or shares upon exercise or vesting of an Award unless indemnified to its satisfaction against any liability for any such tax. The amount of such withholding or tax

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payment shall be determined by the Committee and shall be payable by the Participant at such time as the Committee determines in accordance with the following rules:
 
(a)       The Participant shall have the right to elect to meet his or her withholding requirement (i) by having withheld from such Award at the appropriate time that number of shares of Common Stock, rounded down to the nearest whole share, whose Fair Market Value is equal to the amount of withholding taxes due, (ii) by direct payment to the Company in cash of the amount of any taxes required to be withheld with respect to such Award or (iii) by a combination of shares and cash.
 
(b)       In the case of Participants who are subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, the Committee may impose such limitations and restrictions as it deems necessary or appropriate with respect to the delivery or withholding of shares of Common Stock to meet tax withholding obligations.
 
11.06.       Surrender of Awards; Authorization of Repricing . Any Award granted under the Plan may be surrendered to the Company for cancellation on such terms as the Committee and the holder approve. Without requiring shareholder approval, the Committee may substitute a new Award under this Plan in connection with the surrender by the Participant of an equity compensation award previously granted under this Plan or any other plan sponsored by the Company, including the substitution or grant of (i) an Option or Stock Appreciation Right with a lower exercise price than the Option or Stock Appreciation Right being surrendered, (ii) a different type of Award upon the surrender or cancellation of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right with an exercise price above the Fair Market Value of the underlying Common Stock on the date of such substitution or grant, or (iii) any other Award constituting a repricing of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right.
 
11.07.      Adjustments to Reflect Capital Changes .
 
(a)        Recapitalization . In the event of any corporate event or transaction (including, but not limited to, a change in the Common Stock or the capitalization of the Company) such as a merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization, separation, partial or complete liquidation, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, split up, spin-off, or other distribution of stock or property of the Company, a combination or exchange of Common Stock, dividend in kind, or other like change in capital structure, number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, distribution (other than normal cash dividends) to shareholders of the Company, or any similar corporate event or transaction, the Committee, in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of Participants’ rights under this Plan, shall make equitable and appropriate adjustments and substitutions, as applicable, to or of the number and kind of shares subject to outstanding Awards, the Purchase Price or Exercise Price for such shares, the number and kind of shares available for future issuance under the Plan and the maximum number of shares in respect of which Awards can be made to any Participant in any calendar year, and other determinations applicable to outstanding Awards. The Committee shall have the power and sole discretion to determine the amount of the adjustment to be made in each case.
 
(b)        Merger . In the event that the Company is a party to a Merger, outstanding Awards shall be subject to the agreement of merger or reorganization. Such agreement may provide, without limitation, for the continuation of outstanding Awards by the Company (if the Company is a surviving corporation), for their assumption by the surviving corporation or its parent or subsidiary, for the substitution by the surviving corporation or its parent or subsidiary of its own awards for such Awards, for accelerated vesting and accelerated expiration, or for settlement in cash or cash equivalents.
 
(c)        Options to Purchase Shares or Stock of Acquired Companies . After any Merger in which the Company or an Affiliate shall be a surviving corporation, the Committee may grant substituted options under the provisions of the Plan, pursuant to Section 424 of the Code, replacing old options granted under a plan of another party to the Merger whose shares or stock subject to the old options may no longer be issued following the Merger. The foregoing adjustments and manner of application of the foregoing provisions shall be determined by the
Committee in its sole discretion. Any such adjustments may provide for the elimination of any fractional shares which might otherwise become subject to any Options.
 
11.08.       No Right to Continued Service . No person shall have any claim of right to be granted an Award under this Plan. Neither the Plan nor any action taken hereunder shall be construed as giving any Participant any right to be retained in the service of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
 
11.09.       Awards Not Includable for Benefit Purposes . Payments received by a Participant pursuant to the provisions of the Plan shall not be included in the determination of benefits under any pension, group insurance or other benefit plan applicable to the Participant which is maintained by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, except as may be provided under the terms of such plans or determined by the Board.
  

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11.10.      Governing Law . All determinations made and actions taken pursuant to the Plan shall be governed by the laws of Delaware   and construed in accordance therewith.
 
11.11.      No Strict Construction . No rule of strict construction shall be implied against the Company, the Committee, or any other person in the interpretation of any of the terms of the Plan, any Award granted under the Plan or any rule or procedure established by the Committee.
 
11.12.      Compliance with Rule 16b-3 . It is intended that, unless the Committee determines otherwise, Awards under the Plan be eligible for exemption under Rule 16b-3. The Board is authorized to amend the Plan and to make any such modifications to Award Agreements to comply with Rule 16b-3, as it may be amended from time to time, and to make any other such amendments or modifications as it deems necessary or appropriate to better accomplish the purposes of the Plan in light of any amendments made to Rule 16b-3.
 
11.13.      Captions . The captions (i.e., all Section headings) used in the Plan are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of the Plan, and shall not be deemed to limit, characterize or affect in any way any provisions of the Plan, and all provisions of the Plan shall be construed as if no captions have been used in the Plan.
 
11.14.      Severability . Whenever possible, each provision in the Plan and every Award at any time granted under the Plan shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of the Plan or any Award at any time granted under the Plan shall be held to be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, then (a) such provision shall be deemed amended to accomplish the objectives of the provision as originally written to the fullest extent permitted by law and (b) all other provisions of the Plan and every other Award at any time granted under the Plan shall remain in full force and effect.
 
11.15.      Amendment and Termination .
 
(a)        Amendment . The Board shall have complete power and authority to amend the Plan at any time; provided, however, that the Board shall not, without the requisite affirmative approval of stockholders of the Company, make any amendment which requires stockholder approval under the Code or under any other applicable law or rule of any stock exchange which lists Common Stock or Company Voting Securities. No termination or amendment of the Plan may, without the consent of the Participant to whom any Award shall theretofore have been granted under the Plan, adversely affect the right of such individual under such Award.
 
(b)        Termination . The Board shall have the right and the power to terminate the Plan at any time. No Award shall be granted under the Plan after the termination of the Plan, but the termination of the Plan shall not have any other effect and any Award outstanding at the time of the termination of the Plan may be exercised after termination of the Plan at any time prior to the expiration date of such Award to the same extent such Award would have been exercisable had the Plan not terminated.
 
11.16.      Foreign Qualified Awards . Awards under the Plan may be granted to such employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries who are residing in foreign jurisdictions as the Committee in its sole discretion may determine from time to time. The Committee may adopt such supplements to the Plan as may be necessary or
appropriate to comply with the applicable laws of such foreign jurisdictions and to afford Participants favorable treatment under such laws; provided, however, that no Award shall be granted under any such supplement with terms or conditions inconsistent with the provision set forth in the Plan.
 
11.17.      Dividend Equivalents . For any Award granted under the Plan, the Committee shall have the discretion, upon the Date of Grant or thereafter, to establish a Dividend Equivalent Account with respect to the Award, and the applicable Award Agreement or an amendment thereto shall confirm such establishment. If a Dividend Equivalent Account is established, the following terms shall apply:
 
(a)        Terms and Conditions . Dividend Equivalent Accounts shall be subject to such terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine and as shall be set forth in the applicable Award Agreement. Such terms and conditions may include, without limitation, for the Participant’s Account to be credited as of the record date of each cash dividend on the Common Stock with an amount equal to the cash dividends which would be paid with respect to the number of shares of Common Stock then covered by the related Award if such shares of Common Stock had been owned of record by the Participant on such record date.
 

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(b)        Unfunded Obligation . Dividend Equivalent Accounts shall be established and maintained only on the books and records of the Company and no assets or funds of the Company shall be set aside, placed in trust, removed from the claims of the Company's general creditors, or otherwise made available until such amounts are actually payable as provided hereunder.
 
11.18      Adjustment of Performance Goals and Targets.  Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, the Committee shall have the authority to adjust any Performance Goal, performance target or other performance-based criteria established with respect to any Award under the Plan if circumstances occur (including, but not limited to, unusual or nonrecurring events, changes in tax laws or accounting principles or practices or changed business or economic conditions) that cause any such Performance Goal, performance target or performance-based criteria to be inappropriate in the judgment of the Committee; provided, that with respect to any Award that is intended to qualify for the "performance-based compensation" exception under Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations thereunder, any adjustment by the Committee shall be consistent with the requirements of Section 162(m) and the regulations thereunder.
  
11.19       Legality of Issuance.  Notwithstanding any provision of this Plan or any applicable Award Agreement to the contrary, the Committee shall have the sole discretion to impose such conditions, restrictions and limitations (including suspending exercises of Options or Stock Appreciation Rights and the tolling of any applicable exercise period during such suspension) on the issuance of Common Stock with respect to any Award unless and until the Committee determines that such issuance complies with (i) any applicable registration requirements under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Committee has determined that an exemption therefrom is available, (ii) any applicable listing requirement of any stock exchange on which the Common Stock is listed, (iii) any applicable Company policy or administrative rules, and (iv) any other applicable provision of state, federal or foreign law, including foreign securities laws where applicable.
 
11.20       Restrictions on Transfer.  Regardless of whether the offering and sale of Common Stock under the Plan have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 or have been registered or qualified under the securities laws of any state, the Company may impose restrictions upon the sale, pledge, or other transfer of such Common Stock (including the placement of appropriate legends on stock certificates) if, in the judgment of the Company and its counsel, such restrictions are necessary or desirable to achieve compliance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, the securities laws of any state, the United States or any other applicable foreign law.
 
11.21       Further Assurances.  As a condition to receipt of any Award under the Plan, a Participant shall agree, upon demand of the Company, to do all acts and execute, deliver and perform all additional documents, instruments and agreements which may be reasonably required by the Company, to implement the provisions and purposes of the Plan.




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