Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

​

Commission File No. 0-14719

SKYWEST, INC.

​

444 South River Road

St. George, Utah 84790

(435) 634-3000

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

​

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ◻ No ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

​

​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates (based upon the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market) on June 30, 2020 was approximately $1,635,572,360.

As of February 16, 2021, there were 50,344,080 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement to be used in connection with the registrant’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report as specified. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

​

​

​

Table of Contents

SKYWEST, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

​

​

​

2

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

150 were Alaska Airlines flights. The number of flights we operated during 2020 was negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. See the section entitled “Competition and Economic Conditions” below for additional information regarding the COVID-19 impact on our operations.

We generally provide regional flying to our major airline partners under long-term, fixed-fee, code-share agreements. Under these fixed-fee agreements (commonly referred to as “capacity purchase agreements”), our major airline partners generally pay us fixed rates for operating the aircraft primarily based on the number of completed flights, flight time and the number of aircraft under contract. The major airline partners either directly pay for or reimburse us for specified direct operating expenses, including fuel expenses. Our operations are conducted principally at airports that support our major airline partners’ route network, including Chicago (O’Hare), Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, San Francisco and Seattle.

SkyWest has been flying since 1972. During our long operating history, we have developed an industry-leading reputation for providing quality regional airline service. As of December 31, 2020, we had 601 total aircraft in our fleet, including 452 aircraft in scheduled service under our code-share agreements, summarized as follows:

*As of December 31, 2020, these aircraft have been removed from service and are in the process of being placed under a leasing arrangement with a third party, are aircraft transitioning between code-share agreements with our major airline partners and being used as supplemental spare aircraft, are available for future code-share agreements or are in the process of being parted out.

​

As of December 31, 2020, our fleet scheduled for service consisted of aircraft manufactured by Bombardier Aerospace (“Bombardier”) and Embraer S.A. (“Embraer”) summarized as follows:

​

Bombardier and Embraer are the primary manufacturers of regional jets operated in the United States and offer many of the amenities of larger commercial jet aircraft, including flight attendant service, a stand-up cabin, overhead and under seat storage, lavatories and in-flight snack and beverage service. The Bombardier CRJ900 and CRJ700 aircraft and the Embraer E175 (“E175”) aircraft we operate are configured with a first-class seating section. The Bombardier CRJ200 aircraft we operate are configured with single-class seating. The speed of Bombardier and Embraer regional jets is comparable to larger aircraft operated by major airlines, and they have a range of approximately 1,600 miles and 2,100 miles, respectively.

We were incorporated in Utah in 1972. Our principal executive offices are located at 444 South River Road, St. George, Utah 84790, and our primary telephone number is (435) 634-3000. We maintain an internet website at inc.skywest.com, which provides links to our annual, quarterly and current reports and any amendments to those reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information on our website does not constitute part of this Report. In addition, we provide electronic or paper copies of our SEC filings free of charge upon request.

4

Table of Contents

We conduct our code-share operations with our major airline partners pursuant to the following agreements:

A summary of the terms for each of our code-share agreements is provided under the heading “Code-Share Agreements” below on page 7.

SkyWest Leasing

SkyWest Leasing is a reportable segment which includes revenue associated with our financing of new aircraft with debt under our capacity purchase agreements, currently consisting of our E175 dual-class regional jet aircraft, and the depreciation and interest expense of our E175 aircraft. The SkyWest Leasing segment additionally includes the revenue and expense from leasing aircraft and engines to third parties. The SkyWest Leasing segment’s total assets and capital expenditures include the acquired E175 aircraft, and aircraft and engines leased to third parties.

As of December 31, 2020, SkyWest Leasing leased two CRJ200 aircraft, 34 CRJ700 aircraft and five CRJ900 aircraft and regional jet aircraft engines to third parties.

ExpressJet

ExpressJet was a reportable segment prior to our sale of ExpressJet in January 2019. ExpressJet’s operations were conducted principally from airports located in Atlanta, Chicago (O’Hare), Houston, Newark and New York.

Competition and Economic Conditions

The airline industry is highly competitive. SkyWest competes principally with other regional airlines. Our operations extend throughout most major geographic markets in the United States. Our competition includes, therefore, nearly every other domestic regional airline. Our primary competitors include Air Wisconsin Airlines Corporation (“Air Wisconsin”); Endeavor Air, Inc. (“Endeavor”) (owned by Delta); Envoy Air Inc. (“Envoy”), PSA Airlines, Inc. (“PSA”) and Piedmont Airlines (“Piedmont”) (Envoy, PSA and Piedmont are owned by American); Horizon Air Industries, Inc. (“Horizon”) (owned by Alaska Air Group, Inc.); GoJet Airlines, LLC, Mesa Air Group, Inc. (“Mesa”); and Republic Airways Holdings Inc. (“Republic”). Major airlines typically award code-share flying arrangements to regional airlines based primarily upon the following criteria: ability to fly contracted schedules, availability of labor resources, including pilots, low operating cost, financial resources, geographical infrastructure, overall customer service levels relating to on-time arrival and flight completion percentages and the overall image of the regional airline. Additionally, each major airline may be limited in the number and type of regional aircraft it may use in its network due to agreements the major airline has with its own labor groups, commonly referred to in the industry as “scope limitations.” Given our major airline partners’ scope limitations, we currently do not operate a regional aircraft configured with more than 76 seats.

The principal competitive factors for regional airline code-share arrangements include labor resources, code-share agreement terms, reliable flight operations, operating cost structure, ability to finance new aircraft, certification to operate certain aircraft types and geographical infrastructure supporting markets and routes served.

Our operations represent the largest regional airline operations in the United States. However, regional carriers owned by major airlines may have access to greater resources than we do through their parent companies.

Generally, the airline industry is sensitive to changes in general economic conditions. Economic downturns, combined with competitive pressures, have contributed to a number of reorganizations, bankruptcies, liquidations and business combinations among major and regional carriers. The effect of economic downturns may be somewhat mitigated by our predominantly contract-based flying arrangements. If, however, any of our major airline partners experience a prolonged decline in the number of passengers or are negatively affected by low ticket prices or high fuel prices, they may seek rate reductions in future code-share agreements, or materially reduce scheduled flights in order to

5

Table of Contents

reduce their costs. In addition, adverse weather conditions can impact our ability to complete scheduled flights and can have a negative impact on our operations and financial condition. Also, major airline scope limitations may restrict growth opportunities for the regional carriers.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

​

COVID-19, which was declared a global health pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, has continued to spread around the world and driven the implementation and continuation of significant, government-imposed measures to prevent or reduce its spread, including travel restrictions, closing of borders, “shelter in place” orders and business closures. Consequently, we and our major airline partners have experienced an unprecedented decline in the demand for air travel, which has materially and adversely affected our revenues, particularly under our prorate arrangements (as defined below). The continued spread of the virus and the ongoing global pandemic has affected nearly all of the domestic and international networks of our major airline partners for whom we conduct flight operations and rely on to set our flight schedules. While the length and severity of the reduction in demand due to COVID-19 is uncertain, we presently expect a continued negative impact on our results of operations in 2021 and possibly thereafter.

​

In response to these developments, we have implemented measures to focus on the personal safety of our passengers and employees, while at the same time seeking to mitigate the impact on our financial position and operations. These measures include, but are not limited to, the following:

​

Focus on the Personal Safety of Passengers and Employees. The safety and well-being of our passengers and employees are our priorities in every decision we make. As the COVID-19 pandemic has developed, we have taken numerous steps to help passengers and employees take appropriate safety measures on the ground and in the air in keeping with current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations, including:

​

​

Capacity Reductions. Beginning in March 2020, we and our major airline partners experienced an unprecedented decrease in demand for air travel and expect this decline from pre-COVID-19 flight levels to continue throughout 2021 and possibly thereafter. We depend on our major airline partners to contract with us to operate scheduled flights. Therefore, in response to this decreased demand, we have significantly reduced our capacity.

​

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, we anticipated operating approximately 2,400 to 2,500 daily departures on average during each quarter of 2020. Due to COVID-19 related scheduled reductions, we operated approximately 2,300, 900, 1,500 and 1,700 average daily departures during the three months ended March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2020, respectively. We anticipate the number of daily scheduled flights we operate may not return to pre-COVID-19 levels by the end of 2021. We continue to work with our major airline partners regarding future schedules and make further demand-driven adjustments to our capacity as needed.

​

During 2020, we removed 55 CRJ200 regional aircraft from the SkyWest Airlines Delta Connection Agreement. These 55 aircraft had scheduled contract expirations in 2020 and were not extended due to decreased demand. We also terminated our American Prorate Agreement on seven CRJ200 aircraft in the second quarter of 2020 and we may have further reductions in the number of CRJ200 aircraft operating under our prorate agreements with our other major airline partners. These 62 CRJ200 aircraft removed from the aforementioned Delta and American agreements were fully depreciated upon removal from service and had no outstanding financing. We may receive requests by our major airline partners to defer deliveries of new or used aircraft that were previously scheduled for delivery in 2021 and 2022.

6

Table of Contents

Cost Reductions. With the reduction in revenue, we have, and may continue to implement, cost saving initiatives, including:

​

​

Although future passenger demand in 2021 and beyond is currently uncertain, given the directional increases in our scheduled flight levels from April 2020 through January 2021, we believe it is an important long-term strategy to retain our pilots, flight attendants and mechanics when reasonably possible, to enhance our ability to respond to increased demand from our major airline partners in 2021. We will continue to evaluate our labor strategy in 2021.

​

Liquidity. At December 31, 2020, we had $1,530.4 million in total available liquidity, consisting of $825.9 million in cash and marketable securities, $39.5 million available under SkyWest Airlines’ line of credit and an additional $665.0 million related to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) under our secured loan and guarantee agreement (the “Treasury Loan Agreement”) with the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”). See Note 2 “Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic,” to the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Treasury Loan Agreement.

Industry Overview

Majors, Low-Cost Carriers and Regional Airlines

The airline industry in the United States has traditionally been comprised of several major airlines, including Alaska, American, Delta and United. The major airlines offer scheduled flights to most major U.S. cities, numerous smaller U.S. cities, and cities throughout the world through a hub and spoke network.

Low-cost carriers, such as Southwest Airlines Co. (“Southwest”) and JetBlue Airways Corporation (“JetBlue”), generally have lower cost structures than major airlines, which permits them to offer flights to and from many of the same markets as the major airlines, but at lower prices. Low-cost carriers typically operate using a point-to-point network strategy, rather than a hub and spoke network.

Regional airlines, including SkyWest, typically operate smaller aircraft on shorter routes than major and low-cost carriers. Several regional airlines, including Endeavor, Envoy, Horizon, Piedmont and PSA, are wholly-owned subsidiaries of major airlines.

Regional airlines generally do not try to establish an independent route system and compete with the major airlines. Rather, regional airlines typically enter into agreements with one or more major airlines, pursuant to which the regional airline agrees to use its smaller, lower-cost aircraft to carry passengers booked and ticketed by the major airline between a hub of the major airline and a smaller outlying city. In exchange for such services, the major airline pays the regional airline either fixed fees to operate the flight, termed “capacity purchase agreement,” “capacity purchase contract,” “contract” or “fixed-fee” flights, or the regional airline receives a percentage of applicable passenger ticket revenues on designated flights operated by the regional airline, termed “prorate” or “revenue-sharing” flights, as described in more detail below.

Code-Share Agreements

Regional airlines generally enter into code-share agreements with major airlines, pursuant to which the regional airline is authorized to use the major airline’s two-letter flight designator codes to identify the regional airline’s flights and fares in the central reservation systems, to paint its aircraft with the colors and/or logos of the major airline and to market and advertise its status as a carrier for the major airline. Code-share agreements also generally obligate the major airline to provide services such as reservations, ticketing, ground support and gate access to the regional airline, and the major airline often coordinates marketing, advertising and other promotional efforts. In exchange, the regional airline provides a designated number of low-capacity (usually between 50 and 76 seats) flights between larger airports served

7

Table of Contents

by the major airline and surrounding cities, usually in lower-volume markets. The financial arrangements between the regional airlines and their code-share partners usually involve either capacity purchase arrangements or prorate arrangements as explained below:

We have code-share agreements with Delta, United, American and Alaska. During the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 87% of our flying agreements revenue related to capacity purchase agreement flights, where Delta, United, American and Alaska controlled scheduling, ticketing, pricing and seat inventories. The remainder of our flying agreements revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to prorate flights for Delta, United or American, where we controlled scheduling, pricing and seat inventories, and shared passenger fares with Delta, United or American according to prorate formulas. We ceased operating under a prorate agreement with American during the 2020 calendar year. The routes placed under our prorate arrangements typically include flight service between one of our partners’ hub cities and a city not served under our capacity purchase arrangements.

Under our capacity purchase arrangements, our major airline partners compensate us for our costs of owning or leasing the aircraft on a monthly basis. The aircraft compensation structure varies by agreement but is intended to cover either our aircraft principal and interest debt service costs, our aircraft depreciation and interest expense or our aircraft lease expense costs while the aircraft is under contract. The number of aircraft under our capacity purchase arrangements and our prorate arrangements as of December 31, 2020 is reflected in the summary below. The following summaries of our code-share agreements with our major airline partners do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the applicable agreement.

8

Table of Contents

In addition to the aircraft operating under the respective arrangements outlined above, SkyWest Airlines has agreed with its major airline partners to place additional aircraft under a capacity purchase arrangement as summarized below. We are coordinating with our major airline partners to optimize the timing of upcoming fleet deliveries in response to COVID-19 and the delivery timing referenced below is subject to change.

​

​

​

​

9

Table of Contents

Delta Connection Agreements

​

We and Delta are parties to a Delta Connection Agreement (the "Delta Connection Agreement"), pursuant to which we provide contract flight services for Delta.

The Delta Connection Agreement has a latest scheduled termination date of 2030. The Delta Connection Agreement is subject to early termination in various circumstances, including:

United Express Agreements

We and United are parties to two United Express agreements: a United Express agreement to operate certain CRJ200 aircraft and CRJ700 aircraft, and a United Express agreement to operate E175 aircraft (collectively, the “United Express Agreements”).

The United Express Agreements have a latest scheduled termination date in 2029. The United Express Agreements are subject to early termination in various circumstances including:

American Agreement

We and American are parties to an agreement (the “American Agreement”) for the operation of CRJ700 aircraft. The American Agreement for CRJ700 aircraft is scheduled to terminate in 2026 and is subject to early termination in various circumstances including:

Alaska Agreement

We and Alaska are parties to a Capacity Purchase Agreement (the “Alaska Agreement”) for the operation of E175 aircraft. Each aircraft placed under the agreement has a 12-year term and the last aircraft placed into service with

10

Table of Contents

Alaska is scheduled to terminate in 2030. The Alaska Agreement is subject to early termination in various circumstances including:

Training and Aircraft Maintenance

SkyWest provides substantially all training to our crew members and maintenance personnel at our training facilities. Our employees perform routine airframe and engine maintenance along with periodic inspections of equipment at our maintenance facilities. We also use third-party vendors for certain airframe and engine maintenance work.

Fuel

Our capacity purchase agreements with Delta, United, American and Alaska require the respective major airline partner to pay for fuel costs, either directly to the fuel vendor or reimburse us for the fuel costs we incur under those agreements, thereby reducing our exposure to fuel price fluctuations. Under our prorate agreements with Delta and United, we are responsible for the costs to operate the flights, including fuel costs, and therefore we are exposed to fuel price fluctuations for flights operated under our prorate agreements. During the year ended December 31, 2020, United, Delta and American purchased the majority of the fuel for our aircraft flying under their respective capacity purchase agreements directly from their fuel vendors. Historically, we have not experienced problems with the availability of fuel and believe we will be able to obtain fuel in quantities sufficient to meet our existing and anticipated future requirements at competitive prices. Standard industry fuel purchase contracts generally do not provide protection against fuel price increases, nor do they ensure availability of supply. We typically purchase fuel from third-party suppliers for our prorate agreements. A substantial increase in the price of jet fuel for flights we operate under our prorate agreements, or the lack of adequate fuel supplies in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Human Capital Resources

Employee Profile

As of December 31, 2020, we employed 12,502 full-time equivalent employees, consisting of 5,090 pilots, 3,834 flight attendants, 961 airport operations personnel, 1,269 mechanics, 777 other maintenance personnel, 162 dispatchers and 409 operational support and administrative personnel. All our employees are employed by SkyWest Airlines. Certain SkyWest Airlines employees also provide administrative support to the SkyWest Leasing segment. Approximately 90.5% of these employees were represented by in-house labor associations that have entered into collective bargaining agreements regarding employee compensation and work rules. None of these employees are currently represented by an outside union. Outside union organizing efforts among our employees do occur from time to time and may continue in the future. If unionization efforts are successful, we may be subjected to increased risks of work interruption or stoppage and/or incur additional expenses associated with a change in labor representation of our employees. SkyWest Airlines has never experienced a work stoppage due to a strike or other labor dispute, and we consider our relationships with our employees to be good.

Our relations with labor are governed by the Railway Labor Act (the “RLA”), the federal law governing labor relations between air carriers and their employees. Under the RLA, a collective bargaining agreement between an airline and a labor representative does not expire, but instead becomes amendable as of a stated date. If either party wishes to modify the terms of any such agreement, it must notify the other party in the manner prescribed by the RLA and/or described in the agreement. After receipt of such notice, the parties must meet for direct negotiations, and if no

11

Table of Contents

agreement is reached, either party may request the National Mediation Board to initiate a process including mediation, arbitration, and a potential “cooling off” period that must be followed before either party may engage in “self-help.” “Self-help” includes, among other things, a strike by the representative or the imposition of proposed changes to the collective bargaining agreement by the airline. The U.S. Congress and the President have the authority to prevent “self-help” by enacting legislation that, among other things, imposes a settlement on the parties. SkyWest Airlines respects all employees’ legal rights, including the rights to free association and collective bargaining. This includes the right to decide whether to be represented by a union. Our employees are covered by the RLA. Under the RLA, employees have the right to decide whether they wish to be represented by a union. They also have the right to reject union representation.

​

Health & Safety

​

Safety is the primary focus and foundation of culture with our first guiding principle being Health and Safety First. We expect our employees to think, plan communicate and act appropriately to prevent injury, illness or harm to themselves, fellow employees, passengers and aircraft. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic SkyWest launched various programs and initiatives to enhance the health and safety for employees, including:

​

​

We have also implemented a Safety Management System (“SMS”) that is designed to identify, track and help mitigate potential safety risks before an incident or accident occurs. Our employees receive required SMS training to stay current with all SMS resources provided by our safety department. Employees are encouraged to participate in our voluntary programs to report potential safety concerns or violations to reduce safety risk, including, but not limited to our Aviation Safety Action Program and Safety Concern Report.

​

​

​

Attracting, Developing and Retaining Talent

​

Recruitment Strategies

We strive to be the employer of choice for aviation professionals pursuing a career in the regional airline industry and we continually update our recruiting strategies to attract quality aviation professionals. We adapt our recruitment efforts based on the supply of eligible aviation professionals and our outlook for anticipated future flight schedules. Our recruiting focus generally targets key aviation technical roles, especially pilots and mechanics. We seek qualified individuals through publishing all positions on both internal and external career websites, supporting

12

Table of Contents

professional development leads, investment in targeted advertising, social media outreach, employee referrals and relationships with community-based organizations and educational institutions.

School Partnerships and Development

We maintain relationships with numerous flight schools and educational institutions across the country that are focused on developing the next generation of aviation professionals. We typically recruit pilots and maintenance technicians that have completed required coursework from an accredited flight or maintenance school, respectively, and have obtained other applicable certifications. We also provide other programs to enhance our recruiting efforts towards individuals who are in process of completing their training, including a Pilot Pathway Program and a Maintenance Apprentice Program.

​

​

On-going Training and Retention

SkyWest invests in retaining its professionals by providing a range of talent development opportunities, including mandatory compliance training, new hire training and general professional development, as well as engaging in the training of leaders through leadership development courses. Our training programs include full-motion flight simulators for pilots and cabin trainers for flight attendants. We also reinforce our guiding principles, including but not limited to, health and safety, excellent service and quality, and respect and teamwork through our training and development programs, as well as through our employee appreciation and recognition programs.

Diversity & Inclusion

Our approach is to hire the best qualified individuals, regardless of race, religion, gender, national origin, disability, sexual orientation or similar classifications. We believe every employee brings unique education, skills and life experiences to SkyWest that supplement our ability to achieve our commitment to excellence to our customers and passengers. As part of SkyWest’s commitment to diversity, we have:

​

​

Total Rewards

SkyWest Airlines operates in a customer-focused, team-based environment and provides opportunities for dedicated individuals develop their career while receiving competitive compensation, benefits, and rewards. Our employees receive several compensation benefits, including but not limited to:

13

Table of Contents

Employee Reporting

Our Code of Conduct contains general guidelines for conducting business in an ethical manner. We are committed to a working environment that is safe and supports open and honest communication. We have established a reporting system for any SkyWest employee to report a violation of company policy including harassment, discrimination, drug and alcohol use, questionable financial practice, or a breach involving safety or security. A general grievance may also be filed even if an employee has already utilized their chain of command or chooses to remain anonymous. Reports can be filed using a toll-free ethics and grievance hotline or by using on online reporting system on SkyWest’s intranet.

​

Government Regulation

All interstate air carriers, including SkyWest, are subject to regulation by the U.S. Department of Transportation (the “DOT”), the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (the “FAA”) and other governmental agencies. Regulations promulgated by the DOT primarily relate to economic aspects of air service. The FAA requires operating, air worthiness and other certificates; approval of personnel who may engage in flight, maintenance or operating activities; record-keeping procedures in accordance with FAA requirements; and FAA approval of flight training and retraining programs. Generally, governmental agencies enforce their regulations through, among other methods, certifications, which are necessary for the continued operations of SkyWest, and proceedings, which can result in civil or criminal penalties or revocation of operating authority. The FAA can also issue maintenance directives and other mandatory orders relating to, among other things, grounding of aircraft, inspection of aircraft, installation of new safety-related items and the mandatory removal and replacement of aircraft parts.

We believe SkyWest is in compliance in all material respects with FAA regulations and holds all operating and airworthiness certificates and licenses which are necessary to conduct our operations. We maintain current certifications and otherwise comply with the laws, rules and regulations to which we are subject. Our flight operations, maintenance programs, recordkeeping and training programs are conducted under FAA approved procedures. All air carriers operating in the United States are required to comply with federal laws and regulations pertaining to noise abatement and engine emissions. All such air carriers are also subject to certain provisions of the Federal Communications Act of 1934, as amended, because of their extensive use of radio and other communication facilities. SkyWest is also subject to certain federal and state laws relating to protection of the environment, labor relations and equal employment opportunity. We believe SkyWest is in compliance in all material respects with these laws and regulations.

Environmental Matters

We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to environmental protection matters. These laws and regulations govern such matters as environmental reporting, storage and disposal of materials and chemicals and aircraft noise. We are, and expect in the future to be, involved in various environmental matters and conditions at, or related to, our properties. We are not currently subject to any environmental cleanup orders or actions imposed by regulatory authorities. We are not aware of any active material environmental investigations related to our assets or properties.

As the largest regional airline in the United States, we remain committed to lowering our environmental footprint while continuing to offer the best service to our customers and the communities we serve. Our board of directors has oversight of our environment-related performance. Through the use of software and training, we heavily monitor and manage our fuel trends and fuel consumption which leads to better fuel conservation and reductions in emissions. When possible, we try to mitigate the use of fuel, including by taxiing with the use of a single engine, taking

14

Table of Contents

steps to improve the efficiency of aircraft routing and using ground power when the plane is parked at the gate. We participate with our major airline partners in recycling programs, and we have implemented recycling initiatives in our facilities to reduce the amount of paper, plastic and other recyclables going to landfills. We have worked aggressively to reduce our reliance on paper manuals and have converted, or are in the process of converting, our manuals and our maintenance logs into electronic form, further eliminating unnecessary waste while increasing efficiencies.

Safety and Security

We are committed to the safety and security of our passengers and employees. We have taken many steps, both voluntarily and as mandated by governmental authorities, to increase the safety and security of our operations. Some of the safety and security measures we have taken with our major airline partners include: aircraft security and surveillance, aircraft cleaning procedures, positive bag matching procedures, enhanced passenger and baggage screening and search procedures, and securing of cockpit doors. We are committed to complying with future safety and security requirements.

Insurance

We maintain insurance policies we believe are of types customary in the industry and in amounts we believe are adequate to protect against material loss. These policies principally provide coverage for public liability, passenger liability, baggage and cargo liability, property damage, including coverage for loss or damage to our flight equipment, and workers’ compensation insurance.

Seasonality

Our results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of those for the entire year, in part because the airline industry is subject to seasonal fluctuations and changes in general economic conditions. Our operations are somewhat favorably affected by pleasure travel on our prorate routes, historically contributing to increased travel in the summer months, and are unfavorably affected by decreased business travel during the months from November through January and by inclement weather which can result in cancelled flights, principally during the winter months. Additionally, a significant portion of our capacity purchase arrangements is based on completing flights and we typically have more scheduled flights during the summer months. We generally experience a significantly higher number of weather cancellations during the winter months, which negatively impacts our revenue during such months.

15

Table of Contents

The COVID-19 outbreak, along with the measures governments and private organizations worldwide have implemented in an attempt to contain the spread of this pandemic, has resulted in a severe decline in demand for air travel, which has adversely affected our and our major airline partners’ business, operations and financial condition to an unprecedented extent. Measures ranging from travel restrictions, “shelter in place” and quarantine orders, limitations on public gatherings to cancellation of public events have resulted in a precipitous decline in demand for both domestic and international business and leisure travel. In response to this material decrease in demand, our major airline partners, upon whom we depend to contract with us and to set our flight schedules, have drastically reduced their capacity in 2020 compared to 2019. We in turn have significantly reduced our capacity. We also anticipate schedule reductions below our 2019 flight levels will likely continue in 2021 and may continue thereafter. We will continue to work with our major airline partners regarding future schedules and make further demand-driven adjustments to our capacity as needed. The duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic remain uncertain, and there can be no assurance that these actions will suffice to sustain our business and operations through this pandemic.

​

During 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on our revenues. Our total revenue decreased from $2,972.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $2,127.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, or 28.4%. Our total block hours on flights we operated decreased from 1.46 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 0.97 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, or 33.5%. Our prorate revenue, which is derived from passenger fares on flights we operate under our prorate agreements, decreased from $521.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $268.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, or 48.4%. The number of aircraft operating under our prorate agreements decreased from 67 aircraft as of December 31, 2019 to 60 aircraft as of December 31, 2020, or 10.4%. The negative impact to our revenues due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated effects on the travel industry is anticipated to continue into 2021 and potentially thereafter. Due to the materially reduced flight activity during 2020 from historical levels and based on anticipated increases in future monthly flight volumes over the remaining capacity purchase agreements term, we determined the fixed monthly cash payments per aircraft we received during 2020 was disproportionately high relative to the number of flights we operated during 2020. Accordingly, we deferred recognizing revenue of $110.7 million of fixed monthly cash payments we received under our capacity purchase agreements during 2020. Our deferred revenue related to the fixed payments will adjust over the remaining contract term for each capacity purchase agreement based on the number of flights we complete each reporting period relative to the number of flights we anticipate completing over the remaining contract term of each capacity purchase agreement. The deferred revenue balance applicable to each contract will be recorded as revenue by the end of each respective contract term. Additionally, the majority of our capacity purchase agreements set forth an expectation of minimum levels of flight operations which our major airline partners are expected to schedule for our operations and we are expected to provide. These minimum flight operating levels are intended to provide a baseline expectation for aircraft utilization, which allows us to plan for labor requirements, maintenance facilities and related flight operations support. Historically, our major airline partners have scheduled our aircraft utilization which meet or exceed the minimum levels set forth in our code-share agreements; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused multiple of our major airline partners to reduce our utilization below the minimum expected levels for portions of 2020. In the event our fleet utilization does not return to pre-COVID levels, we may not be able to maintain operating efficiencies previously obtained, which would negatively impact our operating results and financial condition.

​

On April 23, 2020, SkyWest Airlines entered into a Payroll Support Program Agreement with Treasury that provides certain payroll support relief payments under the CARES Act, under which we received $450.7 million through December 31, 2020. Additionally, on January 15, 2021 SkyWest Airlines entered into a Payroll Support Program Extension Agreement with Treasury under the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “2021 Appropriations Act”) that provides similar payroll support relief payments, under which SkyWest Airlines expects to receive approximately $233.1 million, of which SkyWest Airlines received $116.5 in January 2021 and expects to receive the remaining balance in February 2021. Of the combined $683.8 million expected to be received under the Payroll Support Program Agreement and Payroll Support Program Extension Agreement, approximately $145.1 million was in the form of a ten-year unsecured term loan. The payroll support programs include certain restrictions, including requirements to maintain certain levels of scheduled service, restrictions on the payment of dividends and the repurchase of our common stock through October 1, 2022, and certain limitations on executive compensation. There is no assurance that we will receive additional payroll support from Treasury.

16

Table of Contents

Additionally, during 2020 SkyWest Airlines entered into a secured loan and guarantee agreement with Treasury (the “Treasury Loan Agreement”), which permits us to borrow up to $725 million under a five-year term. We have through May 28, 2021 to increase our borrowings under the Treasury Loan Agreement up to the permissible amount. As of December 31, 2020, we borrowed $60 million under the Treasury Loan Agreement. The Treasury Loan Agreement, includes certain restrictions, including on the payment of dividends, repurchase of our common stock and executive compensation for a twelve-month period following repayment of the loan in full. The Treasury Loan Agreement is secured by certain aircraft and spare aircraft parts and is subject to periodical appraisals and loan-to-value ratios. The substance and duration of these restrictions may have materially negative affect our operations and financial results. We lose our ability to draw additional amounts under the Treasury Loan Agreement after May 28, 2021. In the event we repay the full amount outstanding under the Treasury Loan Agreement, the Treasury Loan Agreement will terminate.

​

We may also take additional actions to improve our financial position, including measures to improve liquidity, such as drawing down on SkyWest Airlines’ line of credit, the issuance of secured debt securities, and/or the entry into other debt facilities. There can be no assurance as to the timing of any such drawdown or issuance, which may be in the near term, or that any such additional financing will be completed on favorable terms, or at all. Any such actions could be conducted in the near term, may be material in nature and could result in significant additional borrowing. Measures to improve liquidity or other strategic actions that we may take in the future in response to COVID-19 may not be effective in offsetting decreased demand, and we will not be permitted to take certain strategic actions as a result of the CARES Act and the Payroll Support Program Extension Agreement, which could result in a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

​

The full extent of the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on our longer-term operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, many of which are outside of our control, including the effectiveness of the mitigation strategies discussed above, the duration and spread of COVID-19 and related travel advisories and restrictions, the impact of COVID-19 on overall long-term demand for air travel, the impact of COVID-19 on our financial health and operations and that of our major airline partners, and future governmental actions, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a material impact, and the continuation of reduced demand could have a material adverse effect, on our business, operating results, financial condition and liquidity.

​

In addition, a further outbreak of COVID-19, an outbreak of another disease or similar public health threat, or fear of such an event, that affects travel demand, travel behavior or travel restrictions could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results and those of our major airline partners. Outbreaks of other diseases could also result in increased government restrictions and regulation, such as those actions described above or otherwise, which could adversely affect our operations.

Various negative economic or industry conditions may result in reductions to our flight schedules, which could materially and adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

Our operations and financial condition are affected by many changing economic and other conditions beyond our control, including, among others:

17

Table of Contents

The effect of any, or some combination, of the foregoing economic and industry conditions on our operations or financial condition is virtually impossible to forecast; however, the occurrence of any or all of such conditions in a significant manner could materially and adversely affect our operations and financial condition and could cause our major airline partners to reduce the utilization levels of our aircraft under our code-share agreements.

Interruptions or disruptions in service at one of our hub airports, due to weather, system malfunctions or for any other reason, could have a material adverse impact on our operations.

We currently operate primarily through hubs supporting our major airline partners’ route network across the United States. Nearly all of our flights either originate from or fly into one of these hubs. Our revenues depend primarily on our completion of flights and secondarily on service factors such as timeliness of departure and arrival. Any interruptions or disruptions could, therefore, severely and adversely affect us. Extreme weather such as hurricanes or tornados can cause flight disruptions, and, during periods of storms or adverse weather, our flights may be canceled or significantly delayed. We operate a significant number of flights to and from airports with particular weather difficulties, including Chicago, Denver, Salt Lake City and San Francisco. A significant interruption or disruption in service at one of our hubs, due to adverse weather, system malfunctions, airport construction, security closures or otherwise, could result in the cancellation or delay of a significant portion of our flights and, as a result, could have a severe adverse impact on our operations and financial performance.

The occurrence of an aviation accident involving our aircraft would negatively impact our operations and financial condition.

An accident or incident involving one of our aircraft could result in significant potential claims of injured passengers and others, as well as repair or replacement of a damaged aircraft and its consequential temporary or permanent loss from service. In the event of an accident, our liability insurance may not be adequate to offset our exposure to potential claims and we may be forced to bear substantial losses from the accident. Substantial claims resulting from an accident in excess of our related insurance coverage would harm our operational and financial results. Moreover, any aircraft accident or incident, even if fully insured, could cause a public perception that our operations are less safe or reliable than other airlines and could affect our relationships with our major airline partners.

We may experience disruption in service with key third-party service providers.

We rely on third party vendors for a variety of services and functions critical to our business, including airframe and engine maintenance, ground handling, fueling, computer reservation system hosting, telecommunication systems and information technology infrastructure and services.

Even though we strive to formalize agreements with these vendors that define expected service levels, our use of outside vendors increases our exposure to several risks. In the event that one or more vendors goes into bankruptcy, ceases operation or fails to perform as promised, replacement services may not be readily available at competitive rates, or at all. If one of our vendors fails to perform adequately, we may experience increased costs, delays, maintenance issues, safety issues or negative public perception of our airline. Vendor bankruptcies, unionization, regulatory compliance issues or significant changes in the competitive marketplace among suppliers could adversely affect vendor services or force us to renegotiate existing agreements on less favorable terms. These events could result in disruptions in our operations or increases in our cost structure.

We are subject to significant governmental regulation and potential regulatory changes.

All interstate air carriers, including SkyWest, are subject to regulation by the DOT, the FAA and other governmental agencies. Regulations promulgated by the DOT primarily relate to economic aspects of air service. The FAA requires operating, air worthiness and other certificates; approval of personnel who may engage in flight,

18

Table of Contents

maintenance or operation activities; recordkeeping procedures in accordance with FAA requirements; and FAA approval of flight training and retraining programs. We cannot predict whether we will be able to comply with all present and future laws, rules, regulations and certification requirements or that the cost of continued compliance will not have a material adverse effect on our operations. We incur substantial costs in maintaining our current certifications and otherwise complying with the laws, rules and regulations to which we are subject. A decision by the FAA to ground, or require time-consuming inspections of or maintenance on, all or any of our aircraft for any reason may have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition to state and federal regulation, airports and municipalities enact rules and regulations that affect our operations. From time to time, various airports throughout the country have considered limiting the use of smaller aircraft, such as our aircraft, at such airports. The imposition of any limits on the use of our aircraft at any airport at which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

We cannot predict the impact, of potential regulatory changes that may affect our business or the airline industry as whole including the potential impact of tariffs on aircraft deliveries. However, it is possible that these changes could adversely affect our business. Our business may be subject to additional costs or loss of government subsidies as a result of potential regulatory changes, which could have an adverse effect on our operations and financial results.

Terrorist activities or warnings have dramatically impacted the airline industry, and will likely continue to do so.

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and their aftermath have negatively impacted the airline industry in general, including our operations. The primary effects experienced by the airline industry include a substantial loss of passenger traffic and revenue. If additional terrorist attacks are launched against the airline industry, there will be lasting consequences of the attacks, which may include loss of life, property damage, increased security and insurance costs, increased concerns about future terrorist attacks, increased government regulation and airport delays due to heightened security. Additional terrorist attacks and the fear of such attacks could negatively impact the airline industry, and result in further decreased passenger traffic and yields, increased flight delays or cancellations associated with new government mandates, as well as increased security, fuel and other costs. We cannot provide any assurance that these events will not harm the airline industry generally or our operations or financial condition in particular.

Risks Related to Our Code-Share Agreements With Our Major Airline Partners

Our business model is dependent on code-share agreements with four major airline partners.

Our business model depends on major airlines electing to contract with us instead of operating their own regional jets. Some regional airlines are owned by a major airline. We have no guarantee that in the future our major airline partners will choose to enter into contracts with us instead of operating their own regional jets or acquiring a regional airline. Our major airline partners are not prohibited from doing so under our code-share agreements. A decision by any of our major airline partners to phase out code-share relationships and instead acquire and operate their own regional jets or regional airline could have a material adverse effect on our financial results. Additionally, our major airline partners may be limited in the number of regional aircraft they can operate in their network due to aircraft scope limitations they have with their labor groups. Scope limitations could limit our ability to increase the number of aircraft operating under our code-share agreements.

As of December 31, 2020, 355 out of our total 452 aircraft in scheduled service were operating under a capacity purchase arrangement or a prorate agreement with either Delta or United. If our code-share relationship with Delta or United were terminated, we would be significantly impacted and likely would not have an immediate source of revenue or earnings to offset such loss. A termination of either of these relationships would likely have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, operating revenues and net income unless we are able to enter into satisfactory substitute arrangements for the utilization of the affected aircraft by other code-share partners, or, alternatively, obtain the airport facilities and gates and make the other arrangements necessary to fly as an independent airline. We may not be able to enter into substitute code-share arrangements, and any such arrangements we might secure may not be as favorable to us as our current agreements. Operating an airline independent from major airline partners would be a significant departure from our business plan and would likely require significant time and resources, and may not be a viable alternative.

19

Table of Contents

Additionally, each of our agreements with our major airline partners is subject to certain early termination provisions, including uncured material performance breaches. We also currently use the systems, facilities and services of our major airline partners to support a significant portion of our operations, including airport and terminal facilities and operations, information technology support, ticketing and reservations, scheduling, dispatching, fuel purchasing and ground handling services. If our major airline partners ceased to maintain any of these systems, close any of these facilities or no longer provide these services to us, due to termination of one of our code-share agreements, a strike or other labor interruption by personnel working for our major airline partners or for any other reason, we may not be able to obtain alternative systems, facilities or services on terms and conditions as favorable as those we currently receive, or at all. Since our revenues and operating profits are dependent on our level of flight operations, we could then be forced to significantly reduce our operations. Furthermore, upon certain terminations of our code-share agreements, our major airline partners could require us to sell or assign to them certain airport related facilities, we use in connection with the code-share services we provide. As a result, in order to offer airline service after termination of any of our code-share agreements, we may have to replace these facilities. We may be unable to arrange such replacements on satisfactory terms, or at all.

Our growth may be limited with our major airline partners' flight systems.

Additional growth opportunities within our major airline partners’ flight systems are limited by various factors, including a limited number of regional aircraft each such major airline partner can operate in its regional network due to its own labor agreements. Except as contemplated by our existing code-share agreements, we cannot be sure that our major airline partners will contract with us to fly any additional aircraft. We may not receive additional growth opportunities, or we may agree to modifications to our code-share agreements that reduce certain benefits to us in order to obtain additional aircraft, or for other reasons. Given the competitive nature of the airline industry, we believe limited growth opportunities may result in competitors accepting reduced margins and less favorable contract terms in order to secure new or additional code-share operations. Even if we are offered growth opportunities by our major airline partners, those opportunities may involve economic terms or financing commitments that are unacceptable to us. Additionally, our major airline partners may reduce the number of regional jets in their system by not renewing or extending existing flying arrangements with regional operators. Any one or more of these factors may reduce or eliminate our ability to expand our flight operations with our existing major airline partners.

There are long-term risks related to supply and demand of regional aircraft associated with our regional airline services strategy.

Various factors could change our major airline partners’ long-term strategy in using regional aircraft to support their network objectives. Such changes could result in a reduction in the number of regional aircraft our major airline partners operate in the future. If our major airline partners’ future strategies include a material reduction in regional aircraft generally or for specific aircraft types, such as 50-seat regional aircraft, the resulting decrease in demand in the aircraft we operate could have a material negative impact on our business and financial condition.

​

Due, in part, to the dynamic nature of the airline industry, major airlines may also make other strategic changes such as changing or consolidating hub locations. If our major airline partners were to make changes such as these in their strategy and operations, our operations and financial results could be adversely impacted.

Our prorate arrangements with our major airline partners are terminable upon notice of 120 days or less.

Our prorate flying agreements with our major airline partners permit the major airline partner to terminate the agreement in its discretion by giving us notice of 120 days or less. If one of our major airline partners elects to terminate a flying agreement with notice of 120 days or less, our ability to use the aircraft under an alternative agreement with similar economics may be limited, which could negatively impact our financial results. Additionally, even if we can subsequently place the aircraft into service with a different major airline partner, of which there can be no assurance, we likely would incur inefficiencies and incremental costs, such as changing the aircraft livery, during the transition period, which would negatively impact our financial results.

20

Table of Contents

Disagreements regarding the interpretation of our code-share agreements with our major airline partners could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Long-term contractual agreements, such as our code-share agreements, are subject to interpretation and disputes may arise under such agreements if the parties to an agreement apply different interpretations to that agreement. Those disputes may divert management time and resources from the core operation of the business, and may result in litigation, arbitration or other forms of dispute resolution.

In recent years we have experienced disagreements with our major airline partners regarding the interpretation of various provisions of our code-share agreements. Some of those disagreements have resulted in litigation, and we may be subject to additional disputes and litigation in the future. To the extent that we experience disagreements regarding the interpretation of our code-share or other agreements, we will likely expend valuable management time and financial resources in our efforts to resolve those disagreements. Those disagreements may result in litigation, arbitration, settlement negotiations or other proceedings. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any or all of those proceedings, if commenced, would be resolved in our favor. An unfavorable result in any such proceeding could have adverse financial consequences or require us to modify our operations. Such disagreements and their consequences could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

The airline industry is highly competitive and has undergone a period of consolidation and transition leaving fewer potential code-share partners.

The airline industry is highly competitive. We compete with other regional airlines on various factors including, but not limited to, labor resources, including pilots and mechanics; low operating costs; financial resources, including the ability to finance aircraft at competitive terms; geographical infrastructure; and overall customer service levels relating to on-time arrival and flight completion percentages. Our major airline partners rely on us to fly passengers from various locations into their hubs under our code-share agreements at competitive terms. We not only compete with other regional airlines, some of which are owned by or operated as code-share partners of major airlines, but we also indirectly face competition from low-cost carriers, such as Southwest, Allegiant, Spirit and JetBlue among others, who compete with our major airline partners on many routes we operate. Certain of our competitors are larger and have significantly greater financial and other resources than we do. Moreover, federal deregulation of the industry allows competitors to rapidly enter our markets and to quickly discount and restructure fares. The inability to remain competitive on the various factors valued by our major airline partners could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

The airline industry has undergone substantial consolidation in recent years, including the mergers between Alaska and Virgin America Inc. in 2016, American and US Airways Group Inc. in 2013, Southwest Airlines Co. and AirTran Holdings, Inc. in 2011, United and Continental Airlines, Inc. in 2010 and Delta and Northwest Airlines, Inc. in 2008. Any additional consolidation or significant alliance activity within the airline industry could limit the number of potential partners with whom we could enter into code-share relationships and could have a material adverse effect on our relationships with our major airline partners.

Risks Related to Our Operating Costs and Personnel

Increases in labor costs, including pilot costs, maintenance costs and overhead costs may result in lower operating margins under our capacity purchase contracts.

Our business is labor intensive, requiring large numbers of pilots, flight attendants, mechanics and other personnel. Labor costs constitute a significant percentage of our total operating costs. Increases in our labor costs could result in a material reduction in our earnings. For example, during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, our salary, wage and benefit costs constituted approximately 40.7% and 40.9% of our total operating costs, respectively. Currently, we believe our labor costs are competitive relative to other regional airlines. However, we cannot provide assurance that our labor costs going forward will remain competitive because of changes in supply and demand for labor in the regional industry. We compete against other airlines and businesses for labor in many highly skilled positions. If we are unable to hire, train and retain qualified employees at a reasonable cost, sustain employee engagement in our strategic vision, or if we are unsuccessful at implementing succession plans for our key staff, we may be unable to grow

21

Table of Contents

or sustain our business. Attrition beyond normal levels could negatively impact our operating results, increase our training and labor costs and our business prospects could be harmed.

​

Additionally, under our capacity purchase contracts with Delta, United, American and Alaska, a portion of our compensation is based upon pre-determined rates typically applied to production statistics (such as departures, block hours, flight hours and number of aircraft in service each month). The primary operating costs intended to be compensated by the pre-determined rates include labor costs, including crew training costs, certain aircraft maintenance expenses, and overhead costs. During the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 89.0% of our code-share operating costs were reimbursable at pre-determined rates and 11.0% of our code-share operating costs were directly reimbursed costs, or often referred to as pass-through costs. Additionally, our aircraft maintenance costs may increase annually as our fleet ages at a higher rate than our pre-determined rates allow. Also, on an individual aircraft basis, various in-depth maintenance procedures are typically scheduled to occur at multi-year intervals, which can result in maintenance expense fluctuations year-to-year. If our operating costs for labor, aircraft maintenance and overhead costs exceed the compensation earned from our pre-determined rates under our capacity purchase arrangements, our financial position and operating results will be negatively affected.

We may experience difficulty recruiting and retaining qualified pilots and maintenance technicians.

Our operations rely on qualified personnel, including pilots, flight attendants and maintenance technicians. Our pilots, flight attendants and maintenance technicians may seek employment at mainline airlines, which generally offer higher salaries and more extensive benefit programs than regional airlines are financially able to offer. Should the turnover of employees, particularly pilots and maintenance technicians, sharply increase, we may not be able to hire sufficient pilots and maintenance technicians to replace those leaving. Additionally, FAA regulations regarding personnel certification and qualifications, and potential future changes in FAA regulations, could limit the number of qualified new entrants that we could hire.  In the event we are unable to hire and retain qualified personnel, including pilots and mechanics, our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.

​

Increased labor costs, labor disputes and unionization of our workforces may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business and reduce our profitability.

Our business is labor intensive, requiring large numbers of pilots, flight attendants, mechanics and other personnel. Any new collective bargaining agreements entered into by other regional carriers with their work forces may also result in higher industry wages and increased pressure on us to increase the wages and benefits of our employees. Future agreements with represented employees may be on terms that are not as attractive as our current agreements or comparable to agreements entered into by our competitors.

SkyWest’s employees are represented by in-house associations; however, organizing efforts to join national unions among those employees occur from time to time. Such efforts will likely continue in the future and may ultimately result in some or all of our employees being represented by one or more national unions. If our employees were to unionize or be deemed to be represented by one or more national unions, negotiations with these unions could divert management attention and disrupt operations, which may result in increased operating expenses and may negatively impact our financial results. Moreover, we cannot predict the outcome of any future negotiations relating to union representation or collective bargaining agreements. Agreements reached in union-involved collective bargaining may increase our operating expenses and negatively impact our financial results.

We may experience an increase in fuel prices in our prorate operations.

Dependence on foreign imports of crude oil, limited refining capacity and the possibility of changes in government policy on jet fuel production, transportation and marketing make it difficult to predict the future availability of jet fuel. If there are additional outbreaks of hostilities or other conflicts in oil-producing areas or elsewhere, or a reduction in refining capacity (due to weather events, for example), or governmental limits on the production or sale of jet fuel, there could be a reduction in the supply of jet fuel and significant increases in the cost of jet fuel. Additionally, our operations may experience disruptions from temporary fuel shortages by our fuel vendors resulting from fuel quality

22

Table of Contents

issues, refueling disruption, or other challenges. Major reductions in the availability of jet fuel or significant increases in its cost, or a continuation of high fuel prices for a significant period of time, would have a material adverse impact on us.

Pursuant to our capacity purchase arrangements, our major airline partners have agreed to bear the economic risk of fuel price fluctuations on our contracted flights. However, we bear the economic risk of fuel price fluctuations on our prorate operations. As of December 31, 2020, we operated 34 CRJ200s under a prorate agreement with United and 26 CRJ200s under a prorate agreement with Delta. Our operating and financial results with respect to these prorate arrangements can be negatively affected by the price of jet fuel in the event we are unable to increase our passenger fares. Additionally, in the event of prolonged low fuel prices, our competitors may lower their passenger ticket prices on routes that compete with our prorate markets, which could negatively impact our passenger load factors.

Risks Related to Operating and Leasing Regional Jet Aircraft and Engines

We are reliant on two aircraft manufacturers and one engine manufacturer.

We operate aircraft manufactured by Bombardier and Embraer. The issuance of FAA or manufacturer directives restricting or prohibiting the use of any Bombardier or Embraer aircraft types we operate could negatively impact our business and financial results. We are also dependent upon General Electric as the sole manufacturer of engines used on the aircraft we operate. Our operations could be materially and adversely affected by the failure or inability of Bombardier, Embraer or General Electric to provide sufficient parts or related maintenance and support services to us on a timely manner. Additionally, timing and availability of new aircraft deliveries could be delayed beyond our control.

We have a significant amount of contractual long-term debt obligations.

As of December 31, 2020, we had a total of approximately $3.2 billion in total long-term debt obligations. Our long-term debt obligations include $3.07 billion related to the acquisition of aircraft, $105.2 million related to borrowings under the Payroll Support Program Agreement with Treasury under the CARES Act and $60.0 million related to borrowings under the Treasury Loan Agreement. Excluding aircraft financed by our major partners that we operate for them under contract, we had 41 aircraft under long-term lease agreements as of December 31, 2020, with remaining terms up to ten years. Future minimum lease payments due under all long-term operating leases were approximately $359.7 million at December 31, 2020. At a 6.1% discount factor, which is the average rate used to approximate the implicit rates within the applicable leases, the present value of these lease obligations was equal to approximately $288.6 million at December 31, 2020. Our high level of fixed obligations could impact our ability to obtain additional financing to support additional expansion plans or divert cash flows from operations and expansion plans to service the fixed obligations.

Under our capacity purchase agreements, our major airline partners compensate us for our costs of owning or leasing the aircraft on a monthly basis. The aircraft compensation structure varies by agreement but is intended to cover either our aircraft principal and interest debt service costs, our aircraft depreciation and interest expense or our aircraft lease expense costs while the aircraft is under contract. In the event any of our major airline partners defaults under a capacity purchase agreement or we are unable to extend the flying contract terms on aircraft with ongoing financial obligations, our financial position and financial results could be materially adversely affected.

In addition, in response to the travel restrictions, decreased demand and other effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had and is expected to have on our business, we may seek material amounts of additional financial liquidity in the short-term, which may include drawing down on SkyWest Airlines’ line of credit, the issuance of secured debt securities and/or the entry into other debt facilities, among other items. There can be no assurance as to the timing of any such drawdown or issuance, which may be in the near term, or that any such additional financing will be completed on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, we have received financial assistance that is available to the airline industry under the CARES Act and the 2021 Appropriations Act, which financial assistance subjects us and our business to certain restrictions, including, but not limited to, restrictions on the payment of dividends and the repurchase of our common stock, and certain limitations on executive compensation for a twelve-month period following the full repayment of borrowings under the Treasury Loan Agreement.

​

23

Table of Contents

If our liquidity is materially diminished, we might not be able to timely pay our leases and debts or comply with certain covenants under SkyWest Airlines’ line of credit, Treasury Loan Agreement or with other material provisions of our contractual obligations.

Our anticipated fleet replacement would require a significant increase in our leverage and the related cash requirements.

We currently have 206 CRJ200s, of which 130 were in-service as of December 31, 2020, with an average life of 18.5 years. Over the next several years, we may continue to replace the CRJ200s with larger regional jets. If we continue to add new aircraft to our fleet, we anticipate using significant amounts of capital to acquire these larger regional jets.

There can be no assurance that our operations will generate sufficient cash flow or liquidity to enable us to obtain the necessary aircraft acquisition financing to replace our current fleet, or to make required debt service payments related to our existing or anticipated future obligations. Even if we meet all required debt, lease and purchase obligations, the size of these long-term obligations could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations in many ways, including:

If we need additional capital and cannot obtain such capital on acceptable terms, or at all, we may be unable to realize our fleet replacement plans or take advantage of unanticipated opportunities.

The residual value of our owned aircraft may be less than estimated in our depreciation policies.

As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $5.4 billion of property and equipment and related assets, net of accumulated depreciation. In accounting for these long-lived assets, we make estimates about the expected useful lives of the assets, the expected residual values of certain of these assets, and the potential for impairment based on the fair value of the assets and the cash flows they generate. Factors indicating potential impairment include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in the market value of the long-lived assets, a significant change in the condition of the long-lived assets and operating cash flow losses associated with the use of the long-lived assets. In the event the estimated residual value of any of our aircraft types is determined to be lower than the residual value assumptions used in our depreciation policies, the applicable aircraft type in our fleet may be impaired and may result in a material reduction in the book value of applicable aircraft types we operate or we may need to prospectively modify our depreciation policies. An impairment on any of our aircraft types we operate or an increased level of depreciation expense resulting from a change to our depreciation policy and assumptions could result in a material negative impact to our financial results.

We have aircraft lease and debt commitments that extend beyond our existing capacity purchase contractual term on certain aircraft.

Under our capacity purchase agreement with one of our major airline partners, we have a total of 18 CRJ700s with flying contract expirations scheduled between 2022 and 2023. Our underlying debt financing obligations associated with each of these aircraft are scheduled to terminate in 2024 and 2025 on an aircraft-by-aircraft basis. We may not be successful in extending the flying contract term on these aircraft with our major airline partner at acceptable economic terms. In the event we are unsuccessful in extending the flying contract terms on these aircraft, we intend to pursue alternative uses for the aircraft over the remaining aircraft financing term including, but not limited to, operating the aircraft with another major carrier under a negotiated code-share agreement or subleasing the aircraft to another operator. Additionally, we may negotiate an early lease return agreement with the aircraft lessor. In the event we are unable to extend the flying contract terms for these aircraft at each respective contract’s expiration, we may incur cash and non-

24

Table of Contents

cash early lease termination costs that would negatively impact our operations and financial condition. Additionally, in the event we are unable to extend a flying contract with an existing major airline partner, but reach an agreement to place the aircraft into service with a different major airline partner, we likely will incur inefficiencies and incremental costs, such as changing the aircraft livery, which would negatively impact our financial results.

We lease aircraft and engines to third parties and the lessee may default under the lease terms, which could negatively affect our financial condition, cash flow and results of operations.

We lease CRJ aircraft and engines used on CRJ aircraft to third parties. In the event a lessee defaults under the terms of the lease agreement, we may incur additional costs, including legal and other expenses necessary to repossess the aircraft or engines, particularly if the lessee is contesting the proceedings or is in bankruptcy. We could also incur substantial maintenance, refurbishment or repair costs if a defaulting lessee fails to pay such costs and where such maintenance, refurbishment or repairs are necessary to put the aircraft or engines in suitable condition for remarketing or sale. We may also incur storage costs associated with any aircraft or engine that we repossess and are unable to place immediately with another lessee. Even if we are able to immediately place a repossessed aircraft or engine into service ourselves, or place the aircraft and engines under another lessee, we may not be able to do so at a similar or favorable lease rate. A lessee default under one of our lease agreements could negatively affect our financial condition, cash flow and results of operations.

We have entered into a strategic engine leasing joint venture that operates under joint control with a third party that involves significant risk.

We have entered into a strategic engine joint venture with a third party to lease engines to other parties. This strategic venture involves significant risks, including:

Although we currently participate in the management of our engine joint venture, our joint venture agreement requires unanimous approval over all significant actions. In addition, if we were unable to resolve a dispute with our joint venture partner that retains material managerial veto rights, we might reach an impasse that could require us to dissolve the joint venture at a time and in a manner that could negatively affect our financial results.

We are subject to various environmental requirements, including laws and regulations related to climate change and emissions. Compliance with new or existing environmental requirements could materially and adversely affect the Company's business plans, strategies, and results of operations.

We are subject to federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those relating to aircraft and ground-based emissions, discharges into water systems, safe drinking water, and the management of hazardous substances and waste materials. Certain legislative bodies and regulatory authorities are increasingly focused on climate change and have taken actions to implement additional laws, regulations, and programs intended to protect the environment. For example, the federal government, as well as several state and local governments, have implemented legislative and regulatory proposals and voluntary measures intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Compliance with laws, regulations, and other programs intended to reduce emissions or otherwise protect the environment may require us to reduce our emissions, secure carbon offset credits or otherwise pay for emissions, or make capital investments to modify certain aspects of our operations to reduce emissions. Future policy, legal, and regulatory developments relating to the protection of the environment could increase our costs and have a material adverse effect on our operations.

25

Table of Contents

Risks Related to Dividends, Share Repurchases and Our Common Stock

We are currently restricted from paying dividends or repurchasing our stock under the CARES Act Treasury Loan Agreement we executed in 2020 and the Payroll Support Program Extension Agreement we executed in January 2021.

Historically, we have paid dividends and repurchased shares of our common stock in varying amounts. During 2020, we entered into two agreements with Treasury under the CARES Act, the Payroll Support Program Agreement and the Treasury Loan Agreement. Additionally, in January 2021 we entered into the Payroll Support Program Extension Agreement with Treasury under the 2021 Appropriations Act. Each of these agreements restrict us from the payment of dividends and the repurchase of our common stock. The dividend and share repurchase restriction term is longer under the Treasury Loan Agreement, which is a twelve-month period following repayment of the loan in full. Although the Treasury Loan Agreement has a five-year term, we may repay the loan in full prior to the termination date without penalty. There is no assurance we will repay the loan in full prior to the loan termination date.

Following the dividend and share repurchase restriction lapse under the Treasury Loan Agreement, there can be no assurance that we will resume our past practice of paying dividends on our common stock or that we will have the financial resources to pay such dividends. Similarly, there also can be no assurance that we will continue our practice of repurchasing shares of common stock or that we will have the financial resources to repurchase shares of common stock in the future. The future payment of dividends and the number of shares of common stock we may repurchase will depend upon our financial condition and results of operations and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.

If we resume paying cash dividends or resume a share repurchase program in the future, such dividends and repurchases could affect our stock price and increase its volatility. The existence of a share repurchase program and any future dividends could cause our stock price to be higher than it would otherwise be and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our stock. Additionally, resuming our share repurchase program and any future dividends may reduce our cash reserves, which may impact our ability to finance future growth and to pursue possible future strategic opportunities and acquisitions.

We issued warrants to purchase shares of our common stock to Treasury for relief we received under the CARES Act and the 2021 Appropriations Act, and we are obligated to issue additional warrants to Treasury if we borrow additional amounts under our Treasury Loan Agreement.

During 2020, we issued warrants to purchase 370,220 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $28.38 per share to Treasury as consideration for payroll support payments we received under the CARES Act payroll support program. Also, during 2020 we issued warrants to purchase 211,416 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $28.38 per share to Treasury as consideration for borrowing $60.0 million under the Treasury Loan Agreement. We are eligible to borrow up to $725.0 million under the Treasury Loan Agreement through May 28, 2021, subject to the terms of the Treasury Loan Agreement. On the date of any subsequent borrowing under the Treasury Loan Agreement, we obligated to issue to Treasury an additional warrant for a number of shares of our common stock equal to 10% of such borrowing amount, divided by the exercise price of $28.38 per share. Additionally, in January 2021, we agreed to issue warrants to purchase up to 98,815 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $40.41 per share to Treasury as consideration for payroll support payments we received under the 2021 Appropriations Act. As of February 22, 2021, we had issued 12,288 of such warrants.

If we increase our borrowings under the Treasury Loan Agreement, our obligation to issue additional warrants to Treasury may be dilutive to existing shareholders. Additionally, if Treasury exercises its option to purchase shares of our common stock under warrants previously issued to Treasury, such exercise will be dilutive to our shareholders.

Provisions of our charter documents and code-share agreements may limit the ability or desire of others to gain control of our company.

Our ability to issue shares of preferred and common stock without shareholder approval may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and may adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of our

26

Table of Contents

common stock, even in circumstances where such a change in control would be viewed as desirable by most investors. The provisions of the Utah Control Shares Acquisitions Act may also discourage the acquisition of a significant interest in or control of our company. Additionally, our code-share agreements contain termination and extension trigger provisions related to change in control type transactions that may have the effect of deterring a change in control of our company.

General Risk Factors

Our business could be harmed if we lose the services of our key personnel.

Our business depends upon the efforts of our chief executive officer, Russell A. Childs, and our other key management and operating personnel. We may have difficulty replacing management or other key personnel who cease to be employed by us and, therefore, the loss of the services of any of these individuals could harm our business. We do not maintain key-person insurance on any of our executive officers.

We may be a party to litigation in the normal course of business or otherwise, which could affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We may become party to or otherwise involved in legal proceedings, claims and government inspections or investigations and other legal matters, arising in the ordinary course of our business or otherwise, including those related to tort, environmental, employment and commercial legal issues. Legal proceedings can be complex and take many months, or even years, to reach resolution, with the final outcome depending on a number of variables, some of which are not within our control. Litigation is subject to significant uncertainty and may be expensive, time-consuming, and disruptive to our operations. Although we will vigorously defend ourselves in such legal proceedings, their ultimate resolution and potential financial and other impacts on us are uncertain. If a legal proceeding is resolved against us, it could result in significant compensatory damages or injunctive relief that could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The adoption of new tax legislation or changes to existing tax laws and regulations could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

The airline industry is one of the most heavily taxed industries in the United States. We are subject to tax laws and regulations of the U.S. federal, state and local governments as well as various non-U.S. jurisdictions. Potential changes in existing tax laws, including future regulatory guidance, may impact our effective tax rate and tax payments. There can be no assurance that changes in tax laws or regulations, both within the United States and the other jurisdictions in which we operate, will not materially and adversely affect our effective tax rate, tax payments, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, changes in tax laws and regulations that impact our major airline partners, customers or the economy generally may also impact our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, tax laws and regulations are complex and subject to varying interpretations, and any significant failure to comply with applicable tax laws and regulations in all relevant jurisdictions could give rise to substantial penalties and liabilities. Any changes in enacted tax laws, rules or regulatory or judicial interpretations; any adverse outcome in connection with tax audits in any jurisdiction; or any change in the pronouncements relating to accounting for income taxes could materially and adversely impact our effective tax rate, tax payments, financial condition and results of operations.

Information technology security breaches, hardware or software failures, or other information technology disruptions may negatively impact our operations or reputation.

The performance and reliability of our technology are critical to our ability to compete effectively. Any internal technological error or failure or large-scale external interruption in the technological infrastructure we depend on, such as U.S. air traffic control systems, power, telecommunications or the internet, may disrupt our internal network. Any individual failure or repeated failure of technology could impact our ability to conduct our business and result in increased costs. Our technological systems and related data may be vulnerable to a variety of sources of interruption due

27

Table of Contents

to events beyond our control, including natural disasters, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, hackers and other security issues.

In addition, cybersecurity threats pose a potential risk to the security of our information technology systems, networks and services, as well as the confidentiality and integrity of our data. Cybersecurity risks may include security breaches, computer viruses, malicious or destructive code, ransomware and other attacks. Unauthorized parties may attempt to gain access to our systems or information through fraud or other means of deception. The methods used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, and may be difficult to anticipate or to detect for long periods of time. We may not be able to prevent all data security breaches or misuse of data. The compromise of our technology systems resulting in the loss, disclosure, misappropriation of, or access to, customers’, employees’ or business partners’ information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability or regulatory penalties under laws protecting the privacy of personal information, disruption to our operations and damage to our reputation, any or all of which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

28

Table of Contents

Ground Facilities

We lease many of the buildings and associated land that we occupy. Most of these leases are for facilities at airports with various government agencies that control the use of the airport. We lease maintenance, training and office facilities in Salt Lake City, Utah, and we lease additional maintenance facilities in Boise, Idaho; Fresno, California; Tucson, Arizona; Chicago, Illinois; Detroit, Michigan; Nashville, Tennessee; South Bend, Indiana; Fort Wayne, Indiana; and San Luis Obispo, California. We also lease ticket counters, passenger hold rooms, operating areas and other terminal space in many of the airports that we serve.

​

We own our corporate headquarters facilities located in St. George, Utah and a maintenance accessory shop facility in Salt Lake City, Utah. We also own maintenance facilities on land leases with airport authorities in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Colorado Springs, Colorado; and Palm Springs, California.

​

29

Table of Contents

Stock Performance Graph

The following Performance Graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock over the five-year period ended December 31, 2020, with the cumulative total return during such period of the Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S. Companies) and the Nasdaq Stock Market Transportation Index. The following graph assumes an initial investment of $100.00 with dividends reinvested. The stock performance shown on the graph below represents historical stock performance and is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

​

​

​

30

Table of Contents

Selected Consolidated Financial Data (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

31

Table of Contents

​

32

Table of Contents

We anticipate our fleet will continue to evolve, as we are scheduled to add 20 new E175 aircraft with American, 25 used CRJ700 aircraft with American and one new CRJ900 aircraft with Delta by the end of 2022. Timing of these anticipated deliveries may be subject to change as we are coordinating with our major airline partners in response to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on demand. Our primary objective in the fleet changes is to improve our profitability by adding new E175 aircraft to capacity purchase agreements, and potentially removing older aircraft from service that typically require more maintenance cost.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 47.1% of our aircraft in scheduled service were operated for United, approximately 31.4% were operated for Delta, approximately 14.4% were operated for American and approximately 7.1% were operated for Alaska.

Historically, multiple contractual relationships with major airlines have enabled us to reduce our reliance on any single major airline code and to enhance and stabilize operating results through a mix of capacity purchase arrangements and our prorate flying arrangements. For the year ended December 31, 2020, contract flying revenue and prorate revenue represented approximately 87.0% and 13.0%, respectively, of our total flying agreements revenue. On contract routes, the major airline partner controls scheduling, ticketing, pricing and seat inventories and we are compensated by the major airline partner at contracted rates based on completed block hours (measured from takeoff to landing, including taxi time), flight departures, the number of aircraft under contract and other operating measures. On prorate routes, we have more control over scheduling, pricing and seat inventories, we share passenger fares with our major airline partners according to prorate formulas and we are responsible for the operating costs of the prorate flights, including fuel and airport costs.

Our financial and operating results for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 contained in this Report, include the financial results and position of ExpressJet through January 22, 2019 for those respective periods.

Financial Highlights

We had total operating revenues of $2.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2020, a 28.4% decrease compared to total operating revenues of $3.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2019. We had a net loss of $8.5 million, or $0.17 loss per share, for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to net income of $340.1 million, or $6.62 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2019. The significant items affecting our revenue and operating expenses during the year ended December 31, 2020 are outlined below:

​

Revenue

The number of aircraft we have in scheduled service and the number of block hours we generate on our flights are primary drivers to our flying agreements revenue under our capacity purchase arrangements. The number of flights we operate and the corresponding number of passengers we carry are the primary drivers to our revenue under our prorate flying agreements. As a result of lower passenger demand from the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of aircraft we operated decreased from 483 as of December 31, 2019 to 452 as of December 31, 2020; the number of block hours decreased from 1.5 million in 2019 to 1.0 in 2020, or by 33.5%; and the number of passengers we carried decreased from 43.7 million in 2019 to 21.3 in 2020, or by 51.3%.

​

As a result of reduced flight schedules and fewer aircraft operating under our capacity purchase agreements in 2020 compared to 2019, our capacity purchase revenue decreased $576.4 million, or 24.3% in 2020. Additionally, we deferred recognizing revenue on $110.7 million of fixed monthly payments received under our capacity purchase agreements during 2020 as a result of significant reductions to our flight schedules as further described in the section of this Report entitled “Results of Operations.” Also, as a result of a reduction in the number of aircraft operating under our prorate agreements and fewer passengers carried on our prorate routes, our prorate revenue decreased by $252.1 million, or 48.4% in 2020. The negative impact to our revenues due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated effects on the travel industry is anticipated to continue in 2021 and may continue into subsequent periods.

​

33

Table of Contents

Operating Expenses

Our total operating expenses decreased $441.4 million, or 17.9% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to a significant reduction in the number of flights we operated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Departures decreased from 842,098 in 2019 to 585,257 in 2020, or by 30.5%. Additionally, during 2020 we recorded $345.5 million in payroll support grants received from Treasury under the CARES Act as an offset to our operating expenses. Additional details regarding the decrease in our operating expenses are described in the section of this Report entitled “Results of Operations.”

​

During 2020, we took delivery of 37 new E175 aircraft and placed the aircraft into service under capacity purchase agreements. We removed four CRJ900 aircraft from service, four (net) CRJ700 aircraft from service and 60 (net) CRJ200 aircraft from service. We are evaluating alternative uses for the four CRJ900 aircraft removed from service and we anticipate placing the four (net) CRJ700 aircraft into service with American in 2021. We returned 19 CRJ200s to the lessor and we anticipate storing the remaining 41 CRJ200s removed from service. We own the 41 CRJ200 aircraft removed from service and the aircraft are fully depreciated with no outstanding financial obligations.

34

Table of Contents

Flying agreements revenue primarily consists of revenue earned on flights we operate under our capacity purchase agreements and prorate agreements with our major airline partners. Lease, airport services and other revenues consist of revenue earned from leasing aircraft and spare engines to third parties separate from our capacity purchase agreements and providing airport counter, gate and ramp services.

​

We disaggregate our flying agreements revenue into the following categories (dollar amounts in thousands):

​

​

The decrease in “Capacity purchase agreements revenue: flight operations” of $593.1 million was due to a reduction in flights we were scheduled to operate by our major airline partners in 2020 as a result of decreased passenger demand in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our completed departures decreased 30.5% and completed block hours decreased 33.5% during 2020 compared to 2019.

​

The increase in “Capacity purchase agreements revenue: aircraft lease and fixed revenue” of $16.7 million was due to the incremental lease revenue generated from six new E175 aircraft that we acquired through debt added to capacity purchase agreements and increases to the fixed monthly rates made to certain existing capacity purchase agreements that were extended since December 31, 2019. For clarity, we added a total of 37 new E175 to our capacity purchase agreements during 2020, however our major airline partners acquired 31 of these E175s and we have no aircraft ownership lease revenue associated with these 31 E175s.

​

The increase in “Capacity purchase agreements revenue: aircraft lease and fixed revenue” in 2020 compared to 2019 was partially offset by deferred revenue we recorded in 2020 attributed to the fixed cash payments per aircraft we received under our capacity purchase agreements compared to 2019. Under our capacity purchase agreements, we are paid a fixed amount per month per aircraft over the contract term. We recognize the fixed amount per aircraft as revenue proportionately to the number of flights we complete, our performance obligation, for each reporting period. We operated a materially lower number of flights during 2020 from previous levels due to a reduction in flight schedules resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. We also anticipate the future number of flights we will complete over the remaining capacity purchase agreements will significantly increase from 2020 levels. Due to the materially reduced flight activity during 2020 from historical levels and based on anticipated increases in future monthly flight volumes over the remaining contract terms, we determined the fixed monthly cash payments per aircraft we received during 2020 was disproportionately high relative to the number of flights we operated during 2020. Accordingly, we deferred recognizing revenue of $110.7 million of fixed monthly cash payments we received under our capacity purchase agreements during 2020. Our deferred revenue related to the fixed payments will adjust over the remaining contract term for each capacity purchase agreement based on the number of flights we complete each reporting period relative to the number of flights we anticipate completing over the remaining contract term of each capacity purchase agreement. The deferred revenue balance applicable to each contract will be recorded as revenue by the end of each respective contract term.

​

35

Table of Contents

​

The decrease in prorate agreements revenue of $252.1 million was due to the impact of COVID-19 and the corresponding decrease in passengers and passenger revenue we received on routes we operated under our prorate agreements during 2020 compared to 2019.

​

The decrease in lease, airport services and other revenues of $16.4 million was primarily due to the decrease in the number of flights operated at locations where we were contracted to provide airport customer service during 2020 compared to 2019.

​

NM = Not Measurable

​

Salaries, wages and benefits. The $175.6 million, or 17.5%, decrease in salaries, wages and benefits was due to a reduction in direct labor costs that resulted from a significantly lower number of flights we operated during 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and reductions in overhead and other labor costs. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we initiated various cost saving measures, including a reduction in various administrative and support positions, temporarily placed a freeze on hiring new employees, temporarily suspended all non-scale pay increases and offered voluntary unpaid leave to our employees.

​

Aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs. The $104.7 million, or 20.4%, increase in aircraft maintenance expense was primarily due to an increase in direct maintenance costs incurred on a portion of SkyWest Airlines’ CRJ200 and CRJ700 fleet intended to extend the operational performance and reliability of these older aircraft, including increased engine maintenance expense during 2020 compared to 2019.

​

Depreciation and amortization. The $106.9 million, or 29.0%, increase in depreciation and amortization expense was primarily due to a shortened estimated useful life of our owned CRJ200 fleet that resulted in approximately $74.5 million of incremental depreciation expense during 2020. During 2020, we removed 55 CRJ200 aircraft from a capacity purchase agreement with Delta, of which we returned 19 leased aircraft to the lessor and we own 36 aircraft. We also removed seven CRJ200 aircraft that we own from a prorate agreement with American. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, we were anticipating the agreement terms for these aircraft would have been extended beyond 2020. As we were unable to extend the flying contracts on these CRJ200s with our major airline partners and given the age of these aircraft, we shortened the estimated useful life on these aircraft to coincide with the agreement termination dates. Our depreciation also increased due to the acquisition of six new E175 aircraft and spare engines since December 31, 2019.

​

36

Table of Contents

Airport-related expenses. Airport-related expenses include airport-related customer service costs such as outsourced airport gate and ramp agent services, airport security fees, passenger interruption costs, deicing, landing fees and station rents. For clarity, our employee airport customer service labor costs are reflected in salaries, wages and benefits and customer service labor costs we outsource to third parties are included in airport-related expenses. The $25.0 million, or 21.0%, decrease in airport-related expenses was primarily due to a decrease in airport service activities as a result of COVID-19 related flight schedule reductions.

​

Aircraft rentals. The $6.7 million, or 9.3%, decrease in aircraft rentals was primarily related to a reduction of our fleet size that was financed through leases from third parties as a result of scheduled lease expirations subsequent to December 31, 2019.

​

Aircraft fuel. The $57.4 million, or 48.2%, decrease in fuel cost was primarily due to a decrease in the number of flights we operated under our prorate agreements and corresponding decrease in gallons of fuel we purchased and a decrease in our average fuel cost per gallon from $2.51 in 2019 to $1.89 in 2020. We purchase and incur expense for all fuel on flights operated under our prorate agreements. All fuel costs incurred under our capacity purchase contracts are either purchased directly by our major airline partner, or if purchased by us, we record the direct reimbursement as a reduction to our fuel expense. The following table summarizes the gallons of fuel we purchased under our prorate agreements, for the periods indicated:

​

​

CARES Act payroll support grant. In April 2020, we entered into an agreement with Treasury and received $450.7 million in emergency relief through the CARES Act payroll support program through 2020, of which $345.5 million was in the form of payroll support grants that are being recognized as a reduction in labor expense over the periods the grants are intended to compensate. We recognized $345.5 million in payroll support grant proceeds we received as a reduction to our operating expenses in 2020. We did not have a comparable payroll support grant in 2019.

​

Special Items. The $21.9 million special items expense for 2019 related to a non-cash write-off of $18.5 million in aircraft manufacturer part credits that we forfeited to settle future lease return obligations with the aircraft manufacturer. The $18.5 million of expense was included in the SkyWest Airlines segment. The special items expense also included $3.4 million of expense associated with a cash payout of certain ExpressJet employees’ stock equity grants as part of the sale of ExpressJet, which was reflected in the ExpressJet segment. We did not incur comparable special items expense in 2020.

​

Other operating expenses. Other operating expenses primarily consist of property taxes, hull and liability insurance, simulator costs, crew per diem, crew hotel costs and credit loss reserves. The $20.9 million, or 8.6%, decrease in other operating expenses was primarily related to a reduction in other operating costs that correspond to the significantly lower number of flights we operated during 2020 compared to 2019, such as crew per diem, crew hotel costs and simulator costs. These reductions were partially offset by an increase to our credit loss reserves of $30.8 million we recorded in 2020 following our adoption of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“Topic 326”) on January 1, 2020. The increase to our credit loss reserves in 2020 was primarily due to a reserve we recorded on a note receivable that originated from our sale of ExpressJet in 2019 that became uncertain during 2020 due to ExpressJet ceasing operations in 2020. Our credit loss reserves also increased due to reductions in credit ratings during 2020 on certain entities for which we have outstanding accounts receivable or notes receivable.

​

Interest Expense. The $4.6 million, or 3.6%, decrease in interest expense related to an overall lower effective interest rate on our outstanding debt from 2019 to 2020. Our average debt balance, for the 2019 calendar year and the 2020 calendar year was $3.1 billion for both periods (using the average of the beginning and ending balances of each year).

​

37

Table of Contents

Total airline expenses. Our total airline expenses, comprising of our total operating expenses and interest expense, decreased $446.0 million, or 17.2%, due to reduction in direct operating costs attributed to the reduced number of completed flights in 2020 compared to 2019 and due to the CARES Act payroll grant benefit we recorded in 2020. As our interest expense is primarily attributed to debt associated with financing aircraft under our capacity purchase agreements and as revenue earned under our capacity purchase agreements is intended to compensate us for our aircraft ownership costs, including interest expense, we believe our total airline expense is meaningful expense measure for management discussion and analysis purposes.

​

Summary of interest income, other income (expense) and provision for income taxes:

Interest income. Interest income decreased $8.3 million, or 58.4%, during 2020, compared to 2019. The decrease in interest income was primarily related to a decrease in average interest rates attributed to our marketable securities from 2019 to 2020.

​

Other income (expense), net. During 2020, we had other income, net of $1.2 million primarily related to income earned from our investment in a joint venture with a third party. During 2019, we had other income, net of $47.7 million primarily related to the gain on sale of ExpressJet.

​

Summary of provision for income taxes:

​

Provision for income taxes. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our income tax provision rates were 16.2% and 23.8%, respectively, which include the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% and other reconciling income tax items, including state income taxes and the impact of non-deductible expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the lower effective tax rate was primarily due to pre-tax loss of $7.3 million and non-deductible expenses which resulted in a $1.2 million provision for income taxes. Our income tax provision rate may fluctuate each reporting period based on various factors including but not limited to, the amount of our non-deductible operating expenses, such as a portion of or crew per diem expenses, relative to our income before income taxes.

​

Net Income. Primarily due to the factors described above, we generated net loss of $8.5 million, or $0.17 loss per share, for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to a net income of $340.1 million, or $6.62 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Our Business Segments 2020 compared to 2019:

Prior to our sale of ExpressJet on January 22, 2019, our reporting segments consisted of the operations of SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet, and the activities of SkyWest Leasing. We concluded the sale of ExpressJet did not meet the criteria for a discontinued operation. Following the sale of ExpressJet, our reporting segments include SkyWest Airlines and SkyWest Leasing.

Our chief operating decision maker analyzes the profitability of operating aircraft under our code-share agreements separately from the profitability of our financing new aircraft acquired through debt and cash placed under our capacity purchase agreements, currently consisting of our E175 fleet, and our return on such aircraft financing. More specifically, the SkyWest Leasing segment includes an allocation of revenue from our capacity purchase agreements attributed to our financing of new aircraft through debt and cash covered under such agreements (aircraft lease revenue), and the respective depreciation and interest expense of such financed aircraft. The SkyWest Leasing segment also includes the activity of acquiring and leasing used regional jet aircraft and regional aircraft engines to other entities. The SkyWest Leasing segment’s total assets and capital expenditures include new E175 aircraft acquired through the issuance of debt and our aircraft and engines leased to other entities.

The SkyWest Airlines segment includes all other revenue and operating expenses attributed to operating aircraft under our capacity purchase agreements and all revenue and operating expenses attributed to our prorate agreements and airport service agreements.

Corporate overhead expenses, primarily consisting of administrative labor costs, were allocated to the operating expenses of SkyWest Airlines, ExpressJet (prior to our sale of ExpressJet) and SkyWest Leasing. Overhead expenses allocated to SkyWest Leasing reflect our estimated labor expense incurred to support SkyWest Leasing activities.

38

Table of Contents

The following table sets forth our segment data for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):