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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-37526

Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

    

26-0389433
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number) 

80 W. Lancaster Avenue, Suite 300
Devon, PA
(Address of principal executive offices)

19333
(Zip Code) 

(484) 581-7505
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:

   

Trading Symbol

   

Name of each exchange on which registered:

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share

ZYNE

The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

    

Accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company  

Non-accelerated filer  

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No

As of May 7, 2021, the registrant had 41,251,537 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

5

Item 1.

Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

5

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (Unaudited)

5

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)

6

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)

7

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)

8

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

9

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

18

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

25

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

26

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

26

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

26

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

27

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

27

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

27

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

28

Item 5.

Other Information

28

Item 6.

Exhibits

29

Signatures

29

2

Table of Contents

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements made in this Quarterly Report that are not statements of historical or current facts, such as those under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements discuss our current expectations and projections relating to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business. These statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “outlook,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “projection,” “seek,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “will,” “should,” “can,” “can have,” “likely,” the negatives thereof and other words and terms of similar meaning.

Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions; they are not guarantees of performance. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. Although we believe that our assumptions made in connection with the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that the assumptions and expectations will prove to be correct.

You should understand that the following important factors could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements:

our expectations, projections and estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements, incentive and other tax credit eligibility, collectability and timing, and availability of and the need for additional financing;
the results, cost and timing of our preclinical studies and clinical trials, including any delays to such clinical trials relating to enrollment or site initiation, as well as the number of required trials for regulatory approval and the criteria for success in such trials;
our dependence on third parties in the conduct of our preclinical studies and clinical trials;
legal and regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries, including any actions or advice that may affect the design, initiation, timing, continuation, progress or outcome of clinical trials or result in the need for additional clinical trials;
that the results of our preclinical studies and earlier clinical trials of our product candidates may not be predictive of future results and we may not have favorable results in our ongoing or planned clinical trials;
the difficulties and expenses associated with obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our product candidates, and the indication and labeling under any such approval;
our plans and ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates;
the successful development of our commercialization capabilities, including sales and marketing capabilities, whether alone or with potential future collaborators;
the size and growth of the potential markets for our product candidates, the rate and degree of market acceptance of our product candidates and our ability to serve those markets;
the coverage and reimbursement status for our product candidates from third-party payors;
the success of competing therapies and products that are or become available;
our ability to limit our exposure under product liability lawsuits, shareholder class action lawsuits or other litigation;
our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our product candidates;
legislative changes and recently proposed changes regarding the healthcare system, including changes and proposed changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act;
our ability to obtain and maintain third-party manufacturing for our product candidates on commercially reasonable terms;
delays, interruptions or failures in the manufacture and supply of our product candidates;
the performance of third parties upon which we depend, including third-party contract research organizations, or CROs, contract manufacturing organizations, or CMOs, contractor laboratories and independent contractors;
our ability to recruit or retain key scientific, commercial or management personnel or to retain our executive officers;
the timing and outcome of current and future legal proceedings;
our ability to maintain proper functionality and security of our internal computer and information systems and prevent or avoid cyberattacks, malicious intrusion, breakdown, destruction, loss of data privacy or other significant disruption;

3

Table of Contents

the timing and outcome of the Australian Taxation Office’s, or ATO, review regarding our eligibility to receive certain tax credits;
the extent to which health epidemics and other outbreaks of communicable diseases, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, could disrupt our operations or materially and adversely affect our business and financial conditions; and
the other risks, uncertainties and factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, or our 2020 Annual Report, under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors”.

In light of these risks and uncertainties, expected results or other anticipated events or circumstances discussed in this Form 10-Q (including the exhibits hereto) might not occur. We undertake no obligation, and specifically decline any obligation, to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, even if experience or future developments make it clear that projected results expressed or implied in such statements will not be realized, except as may be required by law.

4

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)

March 31,

December 31,

 

    

2021

    

2020

 

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

93,130,194

$

59,157,187

Incentive and tax receivables

 

9,009,814

 

9,042,586

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

5,060,547

 

5,166,401

Total current assets

 

107,200,555

 

73,366,174

Property and equipment, net

 

535,003

 

585,403

Incentive and tax receivables

 

338,810

 

Right-of-use assets

 

733,933

 

105,199

Total assets

$

108,808,301

$

74,056,776

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

$

1,678,193

$

2,522,716

Accrued expenses

 

10,680,655

 

11,280,843

Lease liabilities

 

209,325

 

109,689

Total current liabilities

 

12,568,173

 

13,913,248

Lease liabilities, long-term

525,141

Total liabilities

13,093,314

13,913,248

Stockholders' equity:

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding

Common stock, $0.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 41,251,537 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and 29,975,264 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020

 

41,252

 

29,975

Additional paid-in capital

 

305,807,818

 

262,286,008

Accumulated deficit

 

(210,134,083)

 

(202,172,455)

Total stockholders' equity

 

95,714,987

 

60,143,528

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

$

108,808,301

$

74,056,776

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

Table of Contents

ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

Three months ended March 31,

    

2021

    

2020

Operating expenses:

Research and development

$

4,609,010

$

6,882,793

General and administrative

 

3,275,797

 

3,916,569

Total operating expenses

 

7,884,807

 

10,799,362

Loss from operations

 

(7,884,807)

 

(10,799,362)

Other income (expense):

Interest income

 

5,633

 

201,684

Foreign exchange loss

(82,454)

(1,740,151)

Total other expense

(76,821)

(1,538,467)

Net loss

$

(7,961,628)

$

(12,337,829)

Net loss per share basic and diluted

$

(0.20)

$

(0.53)

Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding

 

40,065,715

 

23,399,438

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

Table of Contents

ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

Three months ended March 31, 2021

Total

Common stock

Additional

Accumulated

stockholders'

Shares

    

Amount

    

paid-in capital

    

deficit

    

equity

Balance at December 31, 2020

29,975,264

$

29,975

$

262,286,008

$

(202,172,455)

$

60,143,528

Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs

10,244,326

10,245

42,210,099

42,220,344

Issuance of restricted stock

1,018,822

 

1,019

 

(1,019)

 

 

Exercise of stock options

13,125

13

47,893

47,906

Stock-based compensation expense

1,264,837

1,264,837

Net loss

(7,961,628)

 

(7,961,628)

Balance at March 31, 2021

41,251,537

$

41,252

$

305,807,818

$

(210,134,083)

$

95,714,987

Three months ended March 31, 2020

Total

Common stock

Additional

Accumulated

stockholders'

Shares

    

Amount

    

paid-in capital

    

deficit

    

equity

Balance at December 31, 2019

23,211,391

$

23,211

$

226,409,156

$

(150,835,624)

$

75,596,743

Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs

356,000

356

1,581,694

1,582,050

Issuance of restricted stock

5,000

 

5

 

(5)

 

 

Stock-based compensation expense

1,323,352

1,323,352

Net loss

(12,337,829)

 

(12,337,829)

Balance at March 31, 2020

23,572,391

$

23,572

$

229,314,197

$

(163,173,453)

$

66,164,316

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

7

Table of Contents

ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

Three months ended March 31,

    

2021

    

2020

    

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net loss

$

(7,961,628)

$

(12,337,829)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

Depreciation

 

61,455

 

41,216

Stock-based compensation

1,264,837

1,323,352

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Incentive and tax receivables

 

(306,038)

 

1,135,905

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 

105,854

 

767,903

Right-of-use assets and liabilities

(3,957)

1,954

Accounts payable

 

(859,523)

 

(1,535,807)

Accrued expenses

 

(593,967)

 

(394,859)

Net cash used in operating activities

 

(8,292,967)

 

(10,998,165)

Cash flows from investing activities:

Purchases of property and equipment

 

 

(138,209)

Net cash used in investing activities

 

 

(138,209)

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from the issuance of common stock

 

43,193,660

 

1,816,471

Payment of financing fees and expenses

 

(975,592)

 

(104,486)

Proceeds from the exercise of stock options

 

47,906

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

42,265,974

 

1,711,985

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 

33,973,007

 

(9,424,389)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

 

59,157,187

 

70,063,242

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$

93,130,194

$

60,638,853

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

Financing costs included in accounts payable and accrued expenses at end of period

$

15,000

$

57,526

Property and equipment acquired but unpaid at end of period

$

11,055

$

143,150

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

8

Table of Contents

ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, NC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(1) Nature of Business and Liquidity

Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc., together with its subsidiary, Zynerba Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd (“Zynerba”, the “Company”, “we”), is a clinical stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development of pharmaceutically-produced transdermal cannabinoid therapies for rare and near-rare neuropsychiatric disorders, including Fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and a heterogeneous group of rare and ultra-rare epilepsies known as developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

The Company has incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and has an accumulated deficit of $210.1 million as of March 31, 2021. The Company anticipates incurring additional losses until such time, if ever, that it can generate significant revenue from its product candidates currently in development. The Company's primary source of liquidity has been the issuance of equity securities.

In August 2019, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement (the “2019 Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Canaccord Genuity, LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., as sales agents (the “Agents”), pursuant to which the Company sold $75.0 million of its common stock. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company sold and issued 10,244,326 shares of common stock under the 2019 Sales Agreement in the open market at a weighted average selling price of $4.22 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of $43.2 million. Net proceeds after deducting commissions and offering expenses were $42.2 million. In 2020, the Company sold and issued 6,596,873 shares of common stock in the open market at a weighted-average selling price of $4.81 per share, for gross proceeds of $31.7 million and net proceeds, after deducting commissions and offering expenses, of $30.7 million. The last sale under the 2019 Sales Agreement was made on February 9, 2021. From August 2019 through February 9, 2021, the Company has cumulative gross proceeds of $75.0 million from shares sold in the open market under the 2019 Sales Agreement, which was terminated pursuant to its terms.

Management believes that the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2021 are sufficient to fund operations and capital requirements well into the first half of 2024. Substantial additional financings will be needed by the Company to fund its operations, to complete clinical development of and to commercially develop its product candidates. The Company’s ability to raise sufficient additional financing depends on many factors beyond its control, including the current volatility in the capital markets as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no assurance that such financing will be available when needed or on acceptable terms.

The Company is subject to those risks associated with any clinical stage pharmaceutical company that has substantial expenditures for research and development. There can be no assurance that the Company's research and development projects will be successful, that products developed will obtain necessary regulatory approval, or that any approved product will be commercially viable. In addition, the Company operates in an environment of rapid technological change and is largely dependent on the services of its employees and consultants.

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (“2020 Annual Report”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the consolidated financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company's financial position as of March 31, 2021 its results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. Operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for any future interim period or for the entire year. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the

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ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report.

b. Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from such estimates.

c. Incentive and Tax Receivables

The Company’s subsidiary, Zynerba Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd (the “Subsidiary”), is incorporated in Australia. The Subsidiary is eligible to participate in an Australian research and development tax incentive program. As part of this program, the Subsidiary is eligible to receive a cash refund from the Australian Taxation Office (“ATO”) for a percentage of the research and development costs expended by the Subsidiary in Australia. The cash refund is available to eligible companies with an annual aggregate revenue of less than $20.0 million (Australian dollars) during the reimbursable period. The Company estimates the amount of cash refund it expects to receive related to the Australian research and development tax incentive program and records the incentives when it is probable 1) the Company will comply with relevant conditions of the program and 2) the incentive will be received.

Certain research and development expenses incurred with respect to our lead product candidate, Zygel outside of Australia may also be eligible for the Australian research and development tax incentive program. To receive a cash refund with respect to such expenses incurred outside of Australia, the expenses must have been for eligible research and development activities, as determined by AusIndustry, and the expenditures must have a scientific link to the Australian activities, be unable to be conducted in Australia and be less than the expenditures for activities conducted in Australia, as determined by the ATO. In December 2018, the Company submitted an Advance Overseas Finding (“AOF”) application to AusIndustry for a determination that a portion of the Company’s activities outside of Australia are eligible research and development activities, which was approved by AusIndustry in July 2019.   

 

As a result of this finding, the Company believes it is eligible to receive a cash refund from the ATO for qualifying expenditures related to its research and development activities outside of Australia in 2018, 2019 and 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $8.3 million as an incentive and tax receivable and recorded a corresponding credit to research and development expense for amounts expected to be received through the AOF for the period January 1, 2018 through September 30, 2019. As of March 31, 2021, incentive and tax receivables included $9.0 million related to the AOF. The increase of $0.7 million was due to unrealized foreign currency gains related to the remeasurement of the Subsidiary’s assets and liabilities.

The Company evaluates its eligibility under tax incentive programs as of each balance sheet date based on the most current and relevant data available. If the Company is deemed to be ineligible or unable to receive the Australian research and development tax credit, or the Australian government significantly reduces or eliminates the tax credit, the actual cash refund the Company receives may materially differ from its estimates. In June 2020, the ATO informed the Company that it may not qualify for the AOF program based on their interpretation of certain eligibility requirements. Although the Company continues to believe that it complies with the relevant conditions of the AOF program that were in place when the Company received its original approval from AusIndustry, the Company determined it was no longer probable that the AOF claim would be received. As a result, during the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded a full reserve against the AOF receivable.

In addition, the Subsidiary incurs Goods and Services Tax (“GST”) on services provided by Australian vendors. As an Australian entity, the Subsidiary is entitled to a refund of the GST paid. The Company’s estimate of the amount of cash refund it expects to receive related to GST incurred is included in “Incentive and tax receivables” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2021, incentive and tax receivables included $0.3 million for refundable GST on expenses incurred with Australian vendors during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

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ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Current incentive and tax receivables consisted of the following as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

    

March 31,

    

December 31,

2021

2020

Research and development incentive (non-AOF) for the period 1/1/18 - 12/31/18

$

3,406,123

$

3,425,791

Research and development incentive (non-AOF) for the period 1/1/19 - 12/31/19

3,173,730

3,192,056

Research and development incentive (non-AOF) for the period 1/1/20 - 12/31/20

2,114,794

2,127,005

Research and development incentive (AOF) for the period 1/1/18 - 12/31/19

8,994,123

9,046,058

Goods and services tax

315,167

297,734

Total incentive and tax receivables before reserve for AOF

18,003,937

18,088,644

Reserve for research and development incentive (AOF) for the period 1/1/18 - 12/31/19

(8,994,123)

(9,046,058)

Total incentive and tax receivables - current assets

$

9,009,814

$

9,042,586

As of March 31, 2021, the Company’s estimate of the amount of cash refund it expects to receive in 2021 for 2020, 2019 and 2018 eligible spending as part of this incentive program was $8.7 million and was recorded as a current asset. The Company’s estimate of the amount of cash refund it expects to receive in 2022 for 2021 eligible spending through March 31, 2021 was $0.3 million and was recorded as a non-current asset.

d. Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and are primarily comprised of external research and development expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as contract research organizations, contract manufacturing organizations, consultants and employee-related expenses including salaries and benefits. At the end of each reporting period, the Company compares the payments made to each service provider to the estimated progress towards completion of the related project. Factors that the Company considers in preparing these estimates include the number of patients enrolled in studies, milestones achieved and other criteria related to the efforts of its vendors. These estimates will be subject to change as additional information becomes available. Depending on the timing of payments to vendors and estimated services provided, the Company will record net prepaid or accrued expenses related to these costs. Research and development expenses are recorded net of expected refunds of eligible research and development costs paid pursuant to the Australian research and development tax incentive program and GST incurred on services provided by Australian vendors.

The following table summarizes research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

Three months ended March 31,

2021

2020

Research and development expenses - before R&D incentive

$

4,949,514

$

7,485,858

Research and development incentive (non-AOF)

(340,504)

(603,065)

Total research and development expenses

$

4,609,010

$

6,882,793

e. Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is determined using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as restricted stock and stock options, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. Basic and dilutive computations of net loss per share are the same in periods in which a net loss exists as the dilutive effects of restricted stock and stock options would be anti-dilutive.

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ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and 2020 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as their effects on net loss per share for the periods presented would be anti-dilutive:

March 31,

2021

2020

Stock options

 

5,225,538

 

4,704,196

 

Unvested restricted stock

 

1,185,822

 

11,800

 

 

6,411,360

 

4,715,996

 

f. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company does not expect the adoption of recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a significant impact on its results of operations, financial position or cash flow.

(3) Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with Accounting Standards

Codification 820 (“ASC 820”), Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance in ASC 820 outlines a valuation framework and creates a fair value hierarchy that serves to increase the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and the related disclosures. In determining fair value, the Company maximizes the use of quoted prices and observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:

Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs and quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities.

Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs and models that are supported by little or no market activity.

In accordance with the fair value hierarchy described above, the following table sets forth the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

 

Fair Value Measurement

 

Carrying amount

as of March 31, 2021

 

    

as of March 31, 2021

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

 

Cash equivalents (money market accounts)

$

92,813,924

$

92,813,924

$

$

    

$

92,813,924

    

$

92,813,924

$

$

    

 

Fair Value Measurement

 

Carrying amount

as of December 31, 2020

 

    

as of December 31, 2020

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

 

Cash equivalents (money market accounts)

$

59,010,328

$

59,010,328

$

$

$

59,010,328

$

59,010,328

$

$

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ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(4) Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

    

March 31,

    

December 31,

 

2021

2020

 

Prepaid development expenses

$

830,367

$

866,498

Prepaid insurance

 

963,545

 

1,639,687

Insurance litigation settlement receivable

2,958,894

2,389,250

Other current assets

 

307,741

 

270,966

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets

$

5,060,547

$

5,166,401

(5) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

    

Estimated

    

    

 

useful life

March 31,

December 31,

 

(in years)

2021

2020

 

Equipment

 

2-5

$

740,544

 

$

729,489

Computer equipment

 

3-5

 

30,319

 

 

30,319

Furniture and fixtures

 

3-5

 

311,355

 

 

311,355

Leasehold improvements

 

various

 

68,881

 

 

68,881

Construction in process

 

 

42,827

 

 

42,827

Total cost

 

1,193,926

 

 

1,182,871

Less accumulated depreciation

 

(658,923)

 

 

(597,468)

Property and equipment, net

$

535,003

 

$

585,403

Depreciation expense was $61,455 and $41,216 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(6) Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

    

March 31,

    

December 31,

 

2021

2020

 

Accrued compensation

$

938,564

$

1,928,865

Accrued research and development

 

5,394,527

 

4,999,881

Accrued litigation settlement expenses

 

4,000,000

 

4,000,000

Other

 

347,564

 

352,097

Total accrued expenses

$

10,680,655

$

11,280,843

(7) Common Stock

In August 2019, the Company entered into the 2019 Sales Agreement with the Agents pursuant to which the Company sold $75.0 million of its common stock. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company sold and issued 10,244,326 shares of common stock under the 2019 Sales Agreement in the open market at a weighted average selling price of $4.22 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of $43.2 million. Net proceeds after deducting commissions and offering expenses were $42.2 million. In 2020, the Company sold and issued 6,596,873 shares of common stock in the open market at a weighted-average selling price of $4.81 per share, for gross proceeds of $31.7 million and net proceeds, after deducting commissions and offering expenses, of $30.7 million. The last sale under the 2019 Sales Agreement was made on February 9, 2021. From August 2019 through February 9, 2021, the Company has cumulative gross proceeds of $75.0 million from shares sold in the open market under the 2019 Sales Agreement, which was terminated pursuant to its terms.

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ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(8) Stock-Based Compensation

The Company maintains the Amended and Restated 2014 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended (the “2014 Plan”), which allows for the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, stock units, performance units and other stock-based awards to employees, officers, non-employee directors, consultants, and advisors. In addition, the 2014 Plan provides selected executive employees with the opportunity to receive bonus awards that are considered qualified performance-based compensation. The 2014 Plan is subject to automatic annual increases in the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2014 Plan on the first trading day of January each year equal to the lesser of 1.5 million shares or 10% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding on the last trading day of December of the preceding year. As of January 1, 2021, the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2014 Plan was automatically increased by 1.5 million shares, increasing the total number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2014 Plan to 9,304,869 shares. As of March 31, 2021, 2,332,008 shares were available for future issuance under the 2014 Plan.

Options issued under the 2014 Plan have a contractual life of 10 years and may be exercisable in cash or as otherwise determined by the board of directors. The Company has granted options to employees and non-employee directors. Stock options granted to employees primarily vest 25% upon the first anniversary of the grant date and the balance of unvested options vests in quarterly installments over the remaining three years. Stock options granted annually to non-employee directors vest on the earlier of the one-year anniversary of the grant date, or the date of the Company’s next annual stockholders’ meeting that occurs after the grant date. The Company’s non-employee director compensation policy enables directors to receive stock options in lieu of quarterly cash payments. Any option granted to the directors in lieu of cash compensation vests in full on the grant date. The Company records forfeitures as they occur.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company granted 506,911 time-based restricted stock awards to employees with two-year cliff vesting. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company granted 506,911 performance-based restricted stock awards to employees. Vesting of the performance-based restricted stock awards is dependent on meeting certain performance conditions, which relate to the Company’s research and development progress, which were established by the Company’s board of directors. The Company’s board of directors determines if the performance conditions have been met.

Stock-based compensation expense for these performance-based grants are recorded when management estimates that the vesting of these shares is probable based on the status of the Company’s research and development programs and other relevant factors. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, none of the performance-based metrics were deemed probable of achievement. Any change in these estimates will result in a cumulative adjustment in the period in which the estimate is changed, so that as of the end of a period, the cumulative compensation expense recognized for an award or grant equals the amount that would be recognized on a straight-line basis as if the current estimates had been utilized since the beginning of the service period. As of March 31, 2021, the aggregate estimated grant date fair value of the restricted stock awards for which the satisfaction of the related-performance conditions have not been deemed probable was $1,839,591.

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ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

During the third quarter of 2020, the Company granted 194,000 restricted stock awards that contain both performance-based and service-based conditions. These awards vest on the earlier of: (a) meeting the performance condition or (b) service provided for one-year from the grant date. Awards with both performance and service conditions are being expensed over the service period, with an acceleration of the remaining compensation expense, if the performance-based criteria is met before the end of the service condition.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to its stock option grants and restricted stock awards, as follows:

Stock Option Grants

Restricted stock awards

Total

    

2021

    

2020

    

2021

    

2020

2021

    

2020

Research and development

$

432,930

$

503,235

$

186,461

$

7,241

$

619,391

$

510,476

General and administrative

512,436

 

812,876

 

133,010

 

 

645,446

 

812,876

$

945,366

$

1,316,111

$

319,471

$

7,241

$

1,264,837

$

1,323,352

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2021:

    

    

Weighted-

    

Weighted-

 

Average

Average

Aggregate

Number

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic

of Shares

Price

Life (in Years)

   

Value

Outstanding as of December 31, 2020

 

4,546,484

$

9.76

Granted

756,117

3.62

Exercised

(13,125)

3.65

Forfeited

(63,938)

15.84

Outstanding as of March 31, 2021

 

5,225,538

8.81

 

6.96

$

1,761,731

Exercisable as of March 31, 2021

 

3,291,734

11.00

 

5.83

$

657,465

Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2021

 

5,225,538

$

8.81

The weighted-average grant date fair values of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were $2.79 and $3.60, respectively.

The fair values of stock options granted were calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

Three months ended March 31,

    

2021

    

2020

Weighted-average risk-free interest rate

 

0.36%

1.39%

Expected term of options (in years)

 

6.25

6.26

Expected stock price volatility

 

95.60%

82.00%

Expected dividend yield

 

0%

0%

As of March 31, 2021, there was $6.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.66 years. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company received $47,906 in cash from the exercise of employee stock options.

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ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock award activity under the 2014 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2021:

Weighted

Average

Aggregate

Grant Date

Intrinsic

    

Shares

    

Fair Value

Value

Unvested as of December 31, 2020

173,800

$

3.64

Granted

1,018,822

3.59

Vested

(6,800)

5.16

Unvested as of March 31, 2021

1,185,822

$

3.58

$

5,514,072

Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2021

 

673,911

$

3.58

$

3,133,686

As of March 31, 2021, excluding performance-based restricted stock awards that have not been deemed probable, there was $1.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.61 years. The Company expects that all 673,911 of the unvested, non-performance based, restricted stock awards will vest.

(9) Operating Lease Obligations

The Company adopted ASC 842 prospectively using the modified-retrospective method and elected the package of transition practical expedients that does not require reassessment of: (1) whether any existing or expired contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification and (3) initial direct costs. In addition, the Company has elected other available practical expedients to not separate lease and nonlease components, which consist principally of common area maintenance charges, and to exclude leases with an initial term of 12 months or less.

The Company leases its headquarters where it occupies 10,877 square feet of office space. On March 1, 2021, the Company extended its lease for three additional years until May 31, 2024. The Company’s lease contains variable lease costs that do not depend on a rate or index and consist primarily of common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance charges. As the implicit rate was not readily determinable for the Company’s lease, the Company used an estimated incremental borrowing rate, or discount rate, to determine the initial present value of the lease payments. The discount rate for the lease was calculated using a synthetic credit rating model.

As of March 1 2021, the effective date of the lease modification, the Company remeasured the lease liability for the remaining portion of the lease and adjusted the lease liability to $755,085 and right-of-use assets to $752,391, which was recorded net of a deferred rent liability of $2,694. As of March 31, 2021, the Company’s right-of-use asset, net of amortization, was $733,933.

Other operating lease information as of March 31, 2021:

Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases

3.2

years

Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases

2.76

%

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ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

March 31,

December 31,

Year ended:

2021

2020

December 31, 2021

$

184,847

$

111,506

December 31, 2022

240,421

December 31, 2023

240,421

December 31, 2024

100,175

Total minimum lease payments

765,864

111,506

Less: imputed lease interest

(31,398)

(1,817)

Total lease liabilities

$

734,466

$

109,689

Lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was comprised of the following:

Three months ended March 31,

2021

    

2020

Operating lease expense

$

62,946

$

64,209

Variable lease expense

 

16,841

 

14,674

Total lease expense

$

79,787

$

78,883

Cash payments related to operating leases were $66,903 and $62,254 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(10) Subsequent Events

On May 11, 2021, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement (the “2021 Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Canaccord Genuity, LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., as sales agents (the “Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to $75.0 million of its common stock.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our 2020 Annual Report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and the timing of certain events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, including those set forth under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report and our 2020 Annual Report.

Overview

Company Overview

We are the leader in pharmaceutically-produced transdermal cannabinoid therapies for rare and near-rare neuropsychiatric disorders. We are committed to improving the lives of patients and their families living with severe, chronic health conditions including Fragile X syndrome, or FXS, autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, or 22q, and a heterogeneous group of rare and ultra-rare epilepsies known as developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, or DEE.

Cannabinoids are a class of compounds derived from Cannabis plants. The two primary cannabinoids contained in Cannabis are cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. Clinical and preclinical data suggest that cannabidiol has positive effects on treating behavioral symptoms of FXS, ASD, 22q and seizures in patients with epilepsy.

We are currently developing Zygel, the first and only pharmaceutically-produced cannabidiol formulated as a permeation-enhanced gel for transdermal delivery, which is patent protected through 2030. Five additional patents expiring in 2038 are directed to methods of use relating to Zygel, including methods of treating FXS and ASD.

In preclinical animal studies, Zygel’s permeation enhancer increased delivery of cannabidiol through the layers of the skin and into the circulatory system. These preclinical studies suggest increased bioavailability, consistent plasma levels and the avoidance of first-pass liver metabolism of cannabidiol when delivered transdermally. In addition, an in vitro study published in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research in April 2016 demonstrated that cannabidiol is degraded to THC (the major psychoactive cannabinoid in Cannabis) in an acidic environment such as the stomach. As a result, we believe such degradation may lead to increased psychoactive effects if cannabidiol is delivered orally. These effects may be avoided with the transdermal delivery of Zygel, which maintains cannabidiol in a neutral pH. Zygel is being developed as a clear gel with once- or twice-daily dosing and is targeting treatment of behavioral symptoms of FXS, ASD and 22q and the reduction of seizures in patients with DEE syndromes. We have been granted orphan drug designations from United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, for the use of cannabidiol for the treatment of FXS and for the treatment of 22q. In May 2019, we received Fast Track designation from the FDA for treatment of behavioral symptoms associated with FXS. The FDA’s Fast Track program is designed to facilitate the development of drugs intended to treat serious conditions and fill unmet medical needs and can lead to expedited review by the FDA in order to get new important drugs to the patient earlier.

Our clinical program for Zygel includes clinical trials evaluating Zygel in the treatment of behavioral symptoms of FXS, ASD and 22q and the reduction of seizures and the treatment of associated symptoms in patients with DEE syndromes. As of May 2021, the Zygel safety database across all clinical studies conducted by us includes data from 906 volunteers and patients. Across these clinical studies, Zygel has been well-tolerated and consistent with previously reported data.

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CONNECT-FX Trial (FXS)

In June 2020, we announced results of our pivotal CONNECT-FX clinical trial, a multi-national randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 14-week study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of Zygel in children and adolescents ages three through 17 years who have full mutation of the FMR1 gene. While Zygel did not achieve statistical significance versus placebo in the primary endpoint of improvement in the Social Avoidance subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist – Community FXS (ABC-CFXS), a pre-planned ad hoc analysis of the most severely impacted patients in the trial, as defined by patients having at least 90% methylation (“highly methylated”) of the impacted FMR1 gene, demonstrated that those patients receiving Zygel achieved statistical significance in the primary endpoint of improvement at 12 weeks of treatment in the Social Avoidance subscale of the ABC-CFXS compared to placebo.

RECONNECT Trial (FXS)

In May 2021, following guidance received from the FDA regarding the regulatory path forward for Zygel, we announced that we will be conducting a pivotal, multi-national, confirmatory Phase 3 trial of Zygel in patients with FXS. The trial, which will be called RECONNECT (A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-Center, Efficacy and Safety Study of ZYN002 Administered as a Transdermal Gel to Children and Adolescents with Fragile X Syndrome), is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Zygel in children and adolescents with FXS. We believe that the results, if positive, from RECONNECT will be sufficient to support the submission of a New Drug Application for Zygel in patients with FXS.

The RECONNECT trial will be an 18-week trial which will enroll approximately 200 children and adolescents of which approximately 160 patients will have complete (100%) methylation of their FMR1 gene and approximately 40 patients will have partial methylation of their FMR1 gene. The primary endpoint for the trial will be the change in the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community FXS Specific (ABC-CFXS) Social Avoidance subscale in patients who have complete methylation of their FMR1 gene. All patients, including the cohort of partially methylated patients, will be included in a key secondary endpoint analysis.

We expect to initiate the RECONNECT trial in the third quarter of 2021. All patients will be eligible to enroll in our ongoing open-label extension after completing dosing in this clinical trial.

Phase 2 BRIGHT Trial (ASD)

In May 2020, we reported positive top-line results of the Phase 2 BRIGHT clinical trial, a 14-week, open-label clinical trial designed to assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of Zygel for the treatment of pediatric and adolescent patients with ASD. Patients treated with Zygel demonstrated statistically significant improvement at week 14 compared to baseline for each ABC-C subscale (Irritability, Inappropriate Speech, Stereotypy, Social Withdrawal, and Hyperactivity). The results of the other efficacy assessments were consistent with the results demonstrated in the ABC-C. We expect to discuss a path forward with the FDA in the first half of 2021.

Phase 2 INSPIRE Trial (22q)

In May 2019, we initiated the open-label Phase 2 INSPIRE clinical trial, a 14-week, open-label clinical trial designed to assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of Zygel for treatment of behavioral symptoms of 22q. We expect to enroll approximately 20 male and female patients (ages six through 17 years). Recruitment into the INSPIRE trial has been delayed due to the impact of COVID-19 and resulting significant travel restrictions in Australia. Once enrollment is complete, we will provide a timeframe for disclosing top line results of this trial. In September 2020, we were granted orphan drug designation from the FDA for the use of cannabidiol for the treatment of 22q.

Phase 2 BELIEVE Trial (DEE)

In September 2019, we reported top-line results from the Phase 2 BELIEVE clinical trial, a six-month, open-label, multi-dose clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Zygel in children and adolescents (ages three through 17 years) with DEE. Following discussions with the FDA regarding the clinical pathway for Zygel in DEE, we plan to pursue individual syndromes. We are evaluating potential target indications and expect to finalize target syndrome selection for one or more DEE syndromes in 2021.

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Zygel Clinical Development Timelines

We are closely monitoring the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its potential impact on our clinical development plans and timelines going forward. In response to the impact of COVID-19, for our current clinical development programs, we implemented multiple measures consistent with the FDA’s guidance on the conduct of clinical trials of medical products during the COVID-19 pandemic, including remote site monitoring and patient visits using telemedicine where needed, direct to patient drug shipment from investigator sites, and local study-related clinical laboratory collection. Except with respect to our Phase 2 open-label INSPIRE trial, timelines for delivery of top-line results for our clinical trials were not adversely impacted by COVID-19, and we intend to implement similar measures, as necessary, for our planned clinical trials in 2021.

We have never been profitable and have incurred net losses since inception. Our net losses were $8.0 million and $12.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of March 31, 2021, our accumulated deficit was $210.1 million. We expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect these losses to increase as we continue our development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development, we are unable to predict the timing or amount of increased expenses or when, or if, we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability.

Financial Operations Overview

The following discussion sets forth certain components of our consolidated statements of operations as well as factors that impact those items.

Research and Development Expenses 

Our research and development expenses relating to our product candidates consisted of the following:

expenses associated with preclinical development and clinical trials;

personnel-related expenses, such as salaries, benefits, travel and other related expenses, including stock-based compensation;

payments to third-party CROs or CMOs, contractor laboratories and independent contractors; and

depreciation, maintenance and other facility-related expenses.

We expense all research and development costs as incurred. Clinical development expenses for our product candidates are a significant component of our current research and development expenses. Generally speaking, expenses associated with clinical trials will increase as our clinical trials progress. Product candidates in later stage clinical development generally have higher research and development expenses than those in earlier stages of development, primarily due to increased size and duration of the clinical trials. We track and record information regarding external research and development expenses for each grant, study or trial that we conduct. We use third-party CROs, CMOs, contractor laboratories and independent contractors in preclinical studies and clinical trials. We recognize the expenses associated with third parties performing these services for us in our preclinical studies and clinical trials based on the percentage of each study completed at the end of each reporting period.

Our Australian subsidiary, Zynerba Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, or the Subsidiary, is incorporated in Australia and is eligible to participate in an Australian research and development tax incentive program. As part of this program, the Subsidiary is eligible to receive a cash refund from the Australian Taxation Office, or ATO, for a percentage of the research and development costs expended by the Subsidiary in Australia. The cash refund is available to eligible companies with an annual aggregate revenue of less than $20.0 million (Australian dollars) during the reimbursable period. We estimate the amount of cash refund we expect to receive related to the Australian research and development tax incentive program and record the incentives when it is probable 1) we will comply with relevant conditions of the program and 2) the incentive will be received.

Certain research and development expenses incurred with respect to Zygel outside of Australia may also be eligible for the Australian research and development tax incentive program. To receive a cash refund with respect to such expenses

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incurred outside of Australia, the expenses must have been for eligible research and development activities, as determined by AusIndustry, and the expenditures must have a scientific link to the Australian activities, be unable to be conducted in Australia and be less than the expenditures for activities conducted in Australia, as determined by the ATO. In December 2018, the Subsidiary submitted an AOF application to AusIndustry for a determination that its activities are eligible research and development activities, which was approved by AusIndustry in July 2019.   

 

As a result of this finding, we believe the Subsidiary is eligible to receive a cash refund from the ATO for qualifying expenditures related to its research and development activities outside of Australia in 2018, 2019 and 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded $8.3 million as an incentive and tax receivable and recorded a corresponding credit to research and development expense for amounts expected to be received through the AOF for the period January 1, 2018 through September 30, 2019. As of March 31, 2021, incentive and tax receivables included $9.0 million related to the AOF. The increase of $0.7 million was due to unrealized foreign currency gains related to the remeasurement of the Subsidiary’s assets and liabilities.

We evaluate the Subsidiary’s eligibility under tax incentive programs as of each balance sheet date based on the most current and relevant data available. If the Subsidiary is deemed to be ineligible or unable to receive the Australian research and development tax credit, or the Australian government significantly reduces or eliminates the tax credit, the actual cash refund we receive may materially differ from our estimates. In June 2020, the ATO informed us that we may not qualify for the AOF program based on their interpretation of certain eligibility requirements. Although we continue to believe that we comply with the relevant conditions of the AOF program that were in place when we received our original approval from AusIndustry, we have determined it is no longer probable that the AOF claim will be received. As a result, during the three months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded a full reserve against the AOF receivable.

The following table summarizes research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

Three months ended March 31,

2021

2020

Research and development expenses - before R&D incentive

$

4,949,514

$

7,485,858

Research and development incentive (non-AOF)

(340,504)

(603,065)

Total research and development expenses

$

4,609,010

$

6,882,793

We expect research and development expenses to decrease in 2021 as compared to 2020 as we concluded our pivotal CONNECT-FX clinical trial and our BRIGHT clinical trial during 2020. We expect to initiate the RECONNECT pivotal trial in FXS during the third quarter of 2021. These expenditures are subject to numerous uncertainties regarding timing and cost to completion. Completion of our preclinical development and clinical trials may take several years or more and the length of time generally varies according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of a product candidate. The cost of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project as a result of differences arising during clinical development, including, among others:

the number of sites included in the clinical trials;

the length of time required to enroll suitable patients;

the size of patient populations participating in the clinical trials;

the duration of patient follow-ups;

the development stage of the product candidates; and

the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidates.

Due to the early stages of our research and development, we are unable to determine the duration or completion costs of our development of our product candidates. As a result of the difficulties of forecasting research and development costs of our product candidates as well as the other uncertainties discussed above, we are unable to determine when and to what extent we will generate revenue from the commercialization and sale of an approved product candidate.

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General and Administrative Expenses 

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and other related costs, including stock-based compensation, for personnel serving in our executive, finance, legal, human resource, investor relations and commercial functions. Our general and administrative expenses also include facility and related costs not included in research and development expenses, professional fees for legal services, including patent-related expenses, litigation settlement expenses, consulting, tax and accounting services, insurance, market research and general corporate expenses. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase for the next several years as we increase our headcount with the continued development and potential commercialization of our product candidates.

Interest Income

Interest income primarily consists of interest earned on balances maintained in our money market bank account. 

Foreign Exchange Loss

Foreign exchange loss relates to the effect of exchange rates on transactions incurred by the Subsidiary.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. In accordance with GAAP, we base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We define our critical accounting policies as those that require us to make subjective estimates and judgments about matters that are uncertain and are likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations as well as the specific manner in which we apply those principles. Critical accounting estimates and the accounting policies critical to the process of making significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are discussed in our 2020 Annual Report under Part II, Item 7, “Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates.” During the three months ended March 31, 2021, there have been no material changes to the critical accounting estimates or critical accounting policies discussed in our 2020 Annual Report.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased by $2.3 million, or 33%, to $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $6.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily related to decreased clinical trial and manufacturing costs associated with our Zygel program following the conclusion of our CONNECT-FX and BRIGHT clinical trials; partially offset by a reduction in the non-AOF Australian research and development incentive.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.6 million, or 16%, to $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily related to decreases in pre-commercialization expense for Zygel, decreased employee-related costs and decreased stock-based compensation costs partially offset by an increase in directors and officers liability insurance.

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Other Income (Expense)

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized $5,633 and $0.2 million, respectively, in interest income. The decrease in interest income was primarily related to lower average interest rates earned on our investments. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized foreign currency losses of $0.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Foreign currency gains and losses are due primarily to the remeasurement of the Subsidiary’s assets and liabilities, which are denominated in the local currency to the Subsidiary’s functional currency, which is the U.S. dollar.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our inception in 2007, we have devoted most of our cash resources to research and development and general and administrative activities. We have financed our operations primarily with the proceeds from the sale of equity securities (most notably our initial public offering, our follow-on public offerings and sales under our “at-the-market” offering) and convertible promissory notes, state and federal grants and research services.

To date, we have not generated any revenue from the sale of products, and we do not anticipate generating any revenue from the sales of products for the foreseeable future. We have incurred losses and generated negative cash flows from operations since inception. As of March 31, 2021, our principal sources of liquidity were our cash and cash equivalents of $93.1 million. Our working capital was $94.6 million as of March 31, 2021.

Management believes that cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2021 are sufficient to fund operations and capital requirements well into the first half of 2024. The economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic remain fluid and management will continue to closely monitor the situation to ensure our cash and cash equivalents will help us manage the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and related liquidity needs. Substantial additional financings will be needed to fund our operations and to complete clinical development of and to commercially develop our product candidates. There is no assurance that such financing will be available when needed or on acceptable terms. Our ability to access the capital markets or otherwise raise such capital may be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and the recent disruptions to, and volatility in, financial markets in the United States and worldwide resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Equity Financings

In August 2019, we entered into a Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement, or the 2019 Sales Agreement, with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Canaccord Genuity, LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., as sales agents pursuant to which we sold $75.0 million of our common stock. In the first quarter of 2021, we have sold and issued 10,244,326 shares of our common stock under the 2019 Sales Agreement in the open market at a weighted average selling price of $4.22 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of $43.2 million. Net proceeds after deducting commissions and offering expenses were $42.2 million. In the first quarter of 2020, we sold and issued 356,000 shares of our common stock in the open market at a weighted-average selling price of $5.10 per share, for gross proceeds of $1.8 million and net proceeds, after deducting commissions and offering expenses, of $1.6 million. In 2020, we sold and issued 6,596,873 shares of our common stock in the open market at a weighted-average selling price of $4.81 per share, for gross proceeds of $31.7 million and net proceeds, after deducting commissions and offering expenses, of $30.7 million. The last sale under the 2019 Sales Agreement was made on February 9, 2021. From August 2019 through February 9, 2021, we had cumulative gross proceeds of $75.0 million from shares sold in the open market under the 2019 Sales Agreement, which was terminated pursuant to its terms.

On May 11, 2021, we entered into a Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement, or the 2021 Sales Agreement, with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Canaccord Genuity, LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., as sales agents, or the Agents, pursuant to which we may sell, from time to time, up to $75.0 million of our common stock.

Debt

We had no debt outstanding as of March 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.

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Future Capital Requirements

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, net cash used in operating activities was $8.3 million, and our accumulated deficit as of March 31, 2021 was $210.1 million. Our expectations regarding future cash requirements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments that we may make in the future. To the extent that we enter into any of those types of transactions, we may need to raise substantial additional capital.

We expect to continue to incur substantial additional operating losses for at least the next several years as we continue to develop our product candidates and seek marketing approval and, subject to obtaining such approval, the eventual commercialization of our product candidates. If we obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates, we will incur significant sales, marketing and manufacturing expenses. In addition, we expect to incur additional expenses to add operational, financial and information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our planned product commercialization efforts. We also expect to continue to incur significant costs to comply with corporate governance, internal controls and similar requirements associated with operating as a public reporting company.

Our future use of operating cash and capital requirements will depend on many forward-looking factors, including the following:

the initiation, progress, timing, costs and results of preclinical studies and clinical trials for our product candidates;

the clinical development plans we establish for these product candidates;

the number and characteristics of product candidates that we may develop or in-license;

the terms of any collaboration agreements we may choose to execute;

the outcome, timing and cost of meeting regulatory requirements established by the United States Drug Enforcement Agency, the FDA, the European Medicines Agency or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities;

the cost of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing our patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

the cost of defending intellectual property disputes, including patent infringement actions brought by third parties against us;

costs and timing of the implementation of commercial scale manufacturing activities;

the cost of establishing, or outsourcing, sales, marketing and distribution capabilities for any product candidates for which we may receive regulatory approval in regions where we choose to independently commercialize our products;

the extent to which health epidemics and other outbreaks of communicable diseases, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, could disrupt our operations or materially and adversely affect our business and financial conditions; and

the timing and outcome of the ATO’s review regarding our eligibility to receive tax credits related to the AOF.

To the extent that our capital resources are insufficient to meet our future operating and capital requirements, we will need to finance our cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaboration and licensing arrangements or other financing alternatives. We have no committed external sources of funds. Additional equity or debt financing or collaboration and licensing arrangements may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, including through our 2021 Sales Agreement, our stockholders will experience dilution.

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

Three Months Ended March 31,

 

    

2021

    

2020

 

Statement of Cash Flows Data:

Total net cash (used in) provided by:

Operating activities

$

(8,292,967)

$

(10,998,165)

Investing activities

 

 

(138,209)

Financing activities

 

42,265,974

 

1,711,985

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

$

33,973,007

$

(9,424,389)

Operating Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, cash used in operating activities was $8.3 million compared to $11.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease from the comparable 2020 period was primarily the result of decreased research and development expenses related to clinical trial costs of our Zygel program and decreased general and administrative expenses.

Excluding any cash that may be received from the July 2019 AOF application, we expect cash used in operating activities to decrease in 2021 as compared to 2020, as we concluded our pivotal CONNECT-FX clinical trial and our BRIGHT clinical trial during 2020. We expect to initiate the RECONNECT pivotal trial in FXS during the third quarter of 2021

Investing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 cash used in investing activities represented the cost of expenditures made for manufacturing equipment.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 consisted primarily of $42.2 million in net proceeds from sales of our shares of common stock under the 2019 Sales Agreement. Cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted of $1.7 million in net proceeds from sales of our shares of common stock under the 2019 Sales Agreement.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, except for operating leases, or relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For descriptions of recently issued accounting pronouncements, see “Note 2 –Recent Accounting Pronouncements” of our Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included above in Part I of this report.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to various market risks, which may result in potential losses arising from adverse changes in market rates, such as interest rates and foreign exchange rates. We do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes nor do we engage in any hedging activities. As of March 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $93.1 million, consisting primarily of cash and money market account balances. Because of the short-term maturities of our cash and cash equivalents, we do not believe that an immediate 10% increase in interest rates would have any significant impact on the realized value of our investments. Accordingly, we do not believe we are exposed to material market risk with respect to our cash and cash equivalents.

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We have engaged third parties to manufacture our product candidates in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom and to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Manufacturing and research costs related to these operations are paid for in a combination of U.S. dollars and local currencies, limiting our foreign currency exchange rate risk, however, our financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars and changes in foreign currency exchange rates could significantly affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. If we conduct clinical trials and seek to manufacture a more significant portion of our product candidates outside of the United States in the future, we could incur significant foreign currency exchange rate risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2021. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms, promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2021, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Shareholder Class Action

On October 23, 2019, a putative class action complaint was filed against the Company and certain of its current officers in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, with an amended complaint filed on March 9, 2020. This action was purportedly brought on behalf of a putative class of Zynerba investors who purchased the Company’s publicly traded securities between March 11, 2019 and September 17, 2019 (the “Shareholder Class Action”). The complaint alleges that Defendants made certain material misstatements and omissions relating to product candidate Zygel (“ZYN002”) in alleged violation of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act, Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, and Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. Specifically, plaintiff claims that Defendants made false statements or failed to disclose that: (i) Zygel was proving unsafe and not well-tolerated in the BELIEVE 1 clinical trial; (ii) that the foregoing created a foreseeable, heightened risk that Zynerba would fail to secure the necessary regulatory approvals for commercializing Zygel for the treatment of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in children and adolescents, and (iii) as a result the Company’s public statements and public filings were materially false and misleading to investors. The Company’s motion to dismiss the plaintiffs’ complaint was denied on November 25, 2020. The Company and the individual defendants have reached an agreement in principle to settle this action that is subject to the preliminary approval and final approval of the court.

With respect to the foregoing matter, the Company has previously incurred and expensed fees and expenses in an amount less than its insurance policy deductible of $2.0 million. The Company’s insurers have undertaken to cover the amount of the settlement payment in excess of the remainder of the insurance policy deductible, if the proposed settlement is finally approved by the Court. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has accrued both the amount of the settlement payment under the agreement in principle, and a corresponding insurance receivable from its insurers.

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The Company and the individual defendants have denied, and continue to deny, that they have committed any violations of law or breaches of duty as alleged in the Shareholder Class Action and make no admission of liability or any form of wrongdoing.

Derivative Action

On April 24, 2020, a stockholder derivative complaint, captioned Philip Quartararo v. Armando Anido, et al., was filed against the Company, its current and former directors (Armando Anido, John P. Butler, Warren D. Cooper, William J. Federici, Thomas L. Harrison, Daniel L. Kisner, Kenneth I. Moch, and Pamela Stephenson), and its Chief Financial Officer, James E. Fickenscher. (the “Quartararo Action”)

On December 4, 2020 a stockholder derivative complaint, captioned Dmitry Itkis, derivatively on behalf of Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Armando Anido, et al. was filed against the Company, its current and former directors (Armando Anido, John P. Butler, Warren D. Cooper, William J. Federici, Thomas L. Harrison, Daniel L. Kisner, Kenneth I. Moch, and Pamela Stephenson), and its Chief Financial Officer, James E. Fickenscher. (the ‘Itkis Action”) The complaint generally alleges breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste and violations of Section 14 (a) of the Exchange Act in connection with the Company’s disclosures around the BELIEVE I clinical trial. The Quartararo Action and the Itkis action were consolidated in the shareholder derivative action, captioned In Re Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Derivative Litigation (the “Derivative Action”) pending in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. The consolidated complaint generally alleges breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste and violations of Section 14 (a) of the Exchange Act in connection with the Company’s disclosures around the BELIEVE I clinical trial. The Company and the individual defendants have recently reached an agreement in principle to settle the Derivative Action that is subject to the preliminary approval and final approval of the Court. The Company and the individual defendants have denied, and continue to deny, that they have committed any violations of law or breaches of duty as alleged in the Derivative Action and make no admission of liability or any form of wrongdoing.

Rule 220 Action

On March 15, 2021, stockholder Roland Davies filed a complaint pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 220 (“§220”) in the Court of Chancery in the state of Delaware seeking to inspect and make copies and extracts of certain books and records of the Company based on claims set forth in the Shareholder Class Action and the Derivative Action (the “220 Action”).

The Company and the individual defendants have denied, and continue to deny, that they have committed any violations of law or breaches of duty as alleged in the 220 Action and make no admission of liability or any form of wrongdoing.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

You should carefully consider the risk factors described in our 2020 Annual Report under the caption “Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” There have been no material changes in our risk factors included in our 2020 Annual Report. The risks described in our 2020 Annual Report are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Purchase of Equity Securities

We did not purchase any of our registered equity securities during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

On May 11, 2021, we entered into the 2021 Sales Agreement, with the Agents, pursuant to which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share, in an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million, or the Shares.

Under the terms of the 2021 Sales Agreement, the Agents may sell the Shares at market prices by any method that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The offer and sales of the Shares made pursuant to the 2021 Sales Agreement, if any, will be made under our effective “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-233038), the base prospectus contained therein, dated August 13, 2019, and a prospectus supplement related to the offering of the Shares, dated May 12, 2021.

The information set forth in this Item 5 to Form 10-Q shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of any offer to buy the Shares, nor shall there be an offer, solicitation or sale of the Shares in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of such state.

We are not obligated to, and we cannot provide any assurances that we will, make any sales of the Shares under the 2021 Sales Agreement. The 2021 Sales Agreement may be terminated by the Agents or us at any time upon ten days’ prior written notice to us or the Agents, respectively. We will pay the Agents a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share of any Shares sold through the Agents as sales agents under the 2021 Sales Agreement. We have also provided the Agents with customary indemnification and contribution rights. We have agreed to reimburse the Agents for legal fees and disbursements, not to exceed $50,000 in the aggregate.

The foregoing description of the 2021 Sales Agreement is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of such agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Form 10-Q and is incorporated herein by reference.

The legal opinion of Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP, our counsel, relating to the Shares is filed as Exhibit 5.1 to this Form 10-Q.

28

Table of Contents

Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits are being filed herewith:

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.

    

Exhibit

5.1

Opinion of Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP

10.1

Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement, dated May 11, 2021, by and among the registrant, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Canaccord Genuity LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

10.2

Lease amendment No. 4 dated March 1, 2021, by and between Provco Devon, L.L.C. and the registrant. Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (File No. 001- 37526) filed on March 10, 2021.

23.1

Consent of Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).

32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).

101 INS

Inline XBRL Document (filed herewith).

101 SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema (filed herewith).

101 CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Calculation Linkbase (filed herewith).

101 DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Definition Linkbase (filed herewith).

101 LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Label Linkbase (filed herewith).

101 PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Presentation Linkbase (filed herewith).

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in exhibit 101)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Date: May 12, 2021

By:

/s/ ARMANDO ANIDO

Armando Anido

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal executive officer)

Date: May 12, 2021

By:

/s/ JAMES E. FICKENSCHER

James E. Fickenscher

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal financial and accounting officer)

29

GRAPHIC

Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP

3000 Two Logan Square, Eighteenth and Arch Streets

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2799

troutman.com

GRAPHIC

May 12, 2021

Board of Directors

Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

80 W. Lancaster Avenue, Suite 300

Devon, PA 19333

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are acting as counsel to Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the sale and issuance from time to time of up to $75,000,000 of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Shares”), pursuant to the Company’s effective registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-233038) (the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on August 6, 2019, as declared effective by the Commission on August 13, 2019, a base prospectus dated August 13, 2019 (the “Base Prospectus”), and a prospectus supplement dated May 12, 2021, (together with the Base Prospectus, the “Prospectus”). The Shares are being sold pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreement, dated May [11], 2021 (the “Agreement”), by and among the Company, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Canaccord Genuity LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

For purposes of this opinion letter, we have examined copies of such agreements, instruments and documents as we have deemed an appropriate basis on which to render the opinions hereinafter expressed. In our examination of the aforesaid documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the accuracy and completeness of all documents submitted to us, the authenticity of all original documents, and the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies (including telecopies). As to all matters of fact, we have relied on the representations and statements of fact made in the documents so reviewed, and we have not independently established the facts so relied on. This opinion letter is given, and all statements herein are made, in the context of the foregoing.

This opinion letter is based as to matters of law solely on the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended. We express no opinion herein as to any other statutes, rules or regulations.

Based upon, subject to and limited by the foregoing, we are of the opinion that following (i) issuance of the Shares pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, and (ii) receipt by the Company of the consideration for the Shares specified in the resolutions of the Board of Directors and the Pricing Committee of the Board of Directors, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable.

This opinion letter has been prepared for use in connection with the filing by the Company of a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relating to the offer and sale of the Shares, which Form 10-Q will be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and Prospectus, and speaks as of the date hereof. We assume no obligation to advise you of any changes in the foregoing subsequent to the delivery of this letter.



GRAPHIC

Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Page 2

May 12, 2021

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 5.1 to the above-described Form 10-Q and to the reference to this firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are an “expert” within the meaning of the Act.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP

Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP

#54877394 v5


Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Shares of Common Stock

(par value $0.001 per share)

Controlled Equity OfferingSM

Sales Agreement

May 11, 2021

Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.

499 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10022

Canaccord Genuity LLC

99 High Street, Suite 1200

Boston, Massachusetts 02110

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

430 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10022

Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

277 Park Avenue, 26th Floor

New York, New York 10172

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Canaccord Genuity LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (each, an “Agent,” and collectively, the “Agents”), as follows:

1.Issuance and Sale of Shares.  The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through one or more of the Agents, shares of common stock (the “Placement Shares”) of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”); provided, however, that in no event shall the Company issue or sell through the Agents such number or dollar amount of Placement Shares that would (a) exceed the number or dollar amount of shares of Common Stock registered on the effective Registration Statement (defined below) pursuant to which the offering is being made, (b) exceed the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock (less shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of any outstanding securities of the Company or otherwise reserved from the Company’s authorized capital stock), (c) exceed the number or dollar amount of shares of Common Stock permitted to be sold under Form S-3 (including General Instruction I.B.6 thereof, if applicable) or (d) exceed the number or dollar amount of shares of Common Stock for which the Company has filed a Prospectus Supplement (defined below) (the lesser of (a), (b), (c) and (d), the “Maximum Amount”).  

NY: 1285955-2


Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section 1 on the amount of Placement Shares issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company and that the Agents shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance.  The offer and sale of Placement Shares through the Agents will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined below) filed by the Company and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on August 13, 2019, although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement to issue Common Stock.

The Company has filed, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Securities Act Regulations”), with the Commission a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-233038), including a base prospectus, relating to certain securities, including the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder.  The Company has prepared a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus included as part of the registration statement, which prospectus supplement relates to the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company (the “Prospectus Supplement”).  The Company will furnish to the Agents, for use by the Agents, copies of the prospectus included as part of such registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, relating to the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company.  The Company may file one or more additional registration statements from time to time that will contain a base prospectus and related prospectus or prospectus supplement, if applicable (which shall be a Prospectus Supplement), with respect to the Placement Shares.  Except where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement(s), including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act Regulations, or any subsequent registration statement on Form S-3 filed pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act by the Company to cover any Placement Shares, is herein called the “Registration Statement.”  The base prospectus or base prospectuses, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented, if necessary, by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which such prospectus or prospectuses and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations, together with the then issued Issuer Free Writing Prospectus(es) (as defined below), is herein called the “Prospectus.”  

Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, any Prospectus Supplement, Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (defined below) shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference therein (the “Incorporated Documents”), including, unless the context otherwise requires, the documents, if any, filed as exhibits to such Incorporated Documents. Any reference herein to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, any Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of any document under the Exchange Act on or after the most-recent effective date of the Registration Statement, or the date of the Prospectus Supplement, Prospectus or such

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Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as the case may be, and incorporated therein by reference.  For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include the most recent copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval system, or if applicable, the Interactive Data Electronic Application system when used by the Commission (collectively, “EDGAR”).

2.Placements.  Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a “Placement”), it will notify an Agent (the “Designated Agent”) by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to by the parties) of the number of Placement Shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one Trading Day (as defined below) and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a “Placement Notice”), the form of which is attached hereto as Schedule 1.  The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on Schedule 3, and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from the Designated Agent set forth on Schedule 3, as such Schedule 3 may be amended from time to time.  The Placement Notice shall be effective immediately upon receipt by the Designated Agent unless and until (i) the Designated Agent declines to accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion, (ii) the entire amount of the Placement Shares thereunder have been sold, (iii) the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice for any reason in its sole discretion, (iv) the Company delivers a subsequent Placement Notice with parameters superseding those on the earlier dated Placement Notice or (v) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of Section 12.  The amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to be paid by the Company to the Designated Agent in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in Schedule 2.  It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor the Designated Agent will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to the Designated Agent and the Designated Agent does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein.  In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control.
3.Sale of Placement Shares by the Designated Agent.  Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), the Designated Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the Nasdaq Global Market (the “Exchange”), to sell the Placement Shares up to the amount specified, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice.  The Designated Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the compensation payable by the Company to the Designated Agent pursuant to Section 2 with respect to such sales, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by the Designated Agent (as set forth in Section 5(b)) from the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales.  Subject to the terms of the Placement Notice, the Designated Agent may sell Placement Shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act Regulations, including sales made directly on or through the

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Exchange or any other existing trading market for the Common Stock, in negotiated transactions at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices and/or any other method permitted by law.  “Trading Day” means any day on which Common Stock is traded on the Exchange.
4.Suspension of Sales.  The Company or the Designated Agent may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3), suspend any sale of Placement Shares (a “Suspension”); provided, however, that such Suspension shall not affect or impair any party’s obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice.  While a Suspension is in effect any obligation under Sections 7(l), 7(m), and 7(n) with respect to the delivery of certificates, opinions, or comfort letters to the Agents, shall be waived. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this Section 4 shall be effective against any other party unless it is made to one of the individuals named on Schedule 3 hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, during any period in which the Company is in possession of material non-public information, the Company and the Agents agree that (i) no sale of Placement Shares will take place, (ii) the Company shall not request the sale of any Placement Shares, and (iii) the Agents shall not be obligated to sell or offer to sell any Placement Shares.
5.Sale and Delivery to the Designated Agent; Settlement.
(a)Sale of Placement Shares. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, upon the Designated Agent’s acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Designated Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of, such Placement Notice.  The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that the Designated Agent will be successful in selling Placement Shares, (ii) the Designated Agent will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by the Designated Agent to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares as required under this Agreement and (iii) the Designated Agent shall be under no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed to by the Designated Agent and the Company.
(b)Settlement of Placement Shares. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares will occur on the second (2nd) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a “Settlement Date”).  The Designated Agent shall notify the Company of each sale of Placement Shares no later than the opening of the Trading Day immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder.  

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The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the “Net Proceeds”) will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by the Designated Agent, after deduction for (i) the Designated Agent’s commission, discount or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to Section 2 hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees imposed by any Governmental Authority in respect of such sales.
(c) Delivery of Placement Shares.  On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting the Designated Agent’s or its designee’s account (provided the Designated Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee at least one Trading Day prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form.  On each Settlement Date, the Designated Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Designated Agent will be responsible for providing the instructions for delivery with regard to the issuance of the Placement Shares being sold. The Company agrees that if the Company (other than as a result of failure by the Designated Agent to provide instructions for delivery), or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver Placement Shares on a Settlement Date, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Section 10(a) hereto, it will (i) hold the Designated Agent harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or reasonable and documented expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses of its outside counsel), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable) and (ii) pay to the Designated Agent (without duplication) any commission, discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.
(d)Denominations; Registration.  Certificates for the Placement Shares, if any, shall be in such denominations and registered in such names as the Designated Agent may request in writing at least one full Business Day (as defined below) before the Settlement Date.  The certificates for the Placement Shares, if any, will be made available by the Company for examination and packaging by the Designated Agent in The City of New York not later than noon (New York time) on the Business Day prior to the Settlement Date.
(e)Limitations on Offering Size.  Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares if, after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate gross sales proceeds of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement would exceed the lesser of (A) together with all sales of Placement Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum Amount and (B) the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Designated Agent in writing.  Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than the minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee. Further, under no circumstances shall the Company cause or permit the aggregate offering amount of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement to exceed the Maximum Amount.

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(f)Sales Through Agents. With respect to the offering and sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, the Company agrees that under no circumstances will it issue a Placement Notice to any Designated Agent in which the selling period under such Placement Notice includes any dates in which a Placement Notice issued to any other Designated Agent is in effect and that any offer to sell Placement Shares, any solicitation of an offer to buy Placement Shares, and any sales of Placement Shares shall only be effected by or through the Designated Agent on any single given day.
6.Representations and Warranties of the Company.  The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with each Agent that as of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below):
(a)Registration Statement and Prospectus.  The Company and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply with the applicable conditions set forth in Form S-3 (including General Instructions I.A and I.B) under the Securities Act.  The Registration Statement has been filed with the Commission and has been declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act.  The Prospectus Supplement will name the Agents as the agents in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” The Company has not received, and has no notice of, any order of the Commission preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, or threatening or instituting proceedings for that purpose.  The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Placement Shares as contemplated hereby meet the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said Rule.  Any statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement have been so described or filed.  Copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any such amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to the Agents and their counsel.  The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution of the Placement Shares, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Placement Shares other than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) to which the Agents have consented.  The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and is currently listed on the Exchange under the trading symbol “ZYNE.”  The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, delisting the Common Stock from the Exchange, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or the Exchange is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.  To the Company’s knowledge, it is in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of the Exchange.  
(b)No Misstatement or Omission.  The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, and the Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act.  At each Settlement Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of such date, will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act.  The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, did not, and will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a

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material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.  The Prospectus and any amendment and supplement thereto, on the date thereof and at each Applicable Time (defined below), did not or will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.  The documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein will not, when filed with the Commission, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.  The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by any of the Agents specifically for use in the preparation thereof.
(c)Conformity with Securities Act and Exchange Act.  The Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, and the documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, when such documents were or are filed with the Commission under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.
(d)Financial Information.  The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, together with the related notes and schedules, present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) as of the dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity of the Company for the periods specified and have been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act and in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved, except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto; the other financial and statistical data with respect to the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, are accurately and fairly presented, in all material respects, and prepared on a basis consistent with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma) that are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or the Prospectus that are not included or incorporated by reference as required; since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and the Subsidiaries, considered as one entity, have not incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), outside the ordinary course of business, not described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and all disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus fairly

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presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.
(e)Conformity with EDGAR Filing.  The Prospectus delivered to the Agents for use in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement will be identical to the version of the Prospectus created to be transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.
(f)Organization.  The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have been duly organized and are validly existing as a corporation and in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization.  The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are duly licensed or qualified as a foreign corporation for transaction of business and in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such license or qualification, and have all corporate power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the assets, business, operations, earnings, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, or prevent or materially interfere with consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (a “Material Adverse Effect”).
(g)Subsidiaries.  The subsidiaries set forth on Schedule 4 (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”), are the Company’s only significant subsidiaries (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission).  Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and in the Prospectus, the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the equity interests of the Subsidiaries free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance or adverse claim, and all the equity interests of the Subsidiaries are validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable and free of preemptive and similar rights.
(h)No Violation or Default.  Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is (i) in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority, except, in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violation or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(i)No Material Adverse Change.  Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Free Writing Prospectuses, if any (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein), there has not been (i) any Material Adverse Effect or the occurrence of any development that the Company reasonably expects will result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) any transaction which is material

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to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iii) any obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the Company or any Subsidiary, which is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iv) any material change in the capital stock or outstanding long-term indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (v) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, other than in each case above in the ordinary course of business or as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein).
(j)Capitalization.  The issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and, other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, are not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or similar rights.  The Company has an authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein (other than the grant of additional options under the Company’s existing stock option plans, or changes in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof) and such authorized capital stock conforms to the description thereof set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.  The description of the securities of the Company in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is complete and accurate in all material respects.  Except as disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as of the date referred to therein, the Company does not have outstanding any options to purchase, or any rights or warrants to subscribe for, or any securities or obligations convertible into, or exchangeable for, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, any shares of capital stock or other securities.
(k)Authorization; Enforceability.  The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform the transactions contemplated hereby.  This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles.
(l)Authorization of Placement Shares.  The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable and the issuance and delivery of the Placement Shares is not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase the Placement Shares. Upon their issuance and delivery, the Placement Shares will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act.  The Placement Shares, when issued, will conform to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.
(m)No Consents Required.  No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any Governmental Authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, and the issuance and sale by the Company of the Placement Shares, except for such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as may be required under applicable state securities laws or by the

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by-laws and rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) or the Exchange in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares by the Agents.
(n)No Preferential Rights.  (i) No person, as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a “Person”), has the right, contractual or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, (ii) no Person has any preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal, rights of co-sale, or any other rights (whether pursuant to a “poison pill” provision or otherwise) to purchase any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, (iii)  no Person has the right to act as an underwriter or as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with the offer and sale of the Common Stock, and (iv) no Person has the right, contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other securities in the Registration Statement or the offering contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the sale of the Placement Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise.
(o)Independent Public Accounting Firm.  KPMG LLP (the “Accountant”), whose report on the consolidated financial statements of the Company is filed with the Commission as part of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, is and, during the periods covered by its report, was an independent registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  To the Company’s knowledge, the Accountant is not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) with respect to the Company.
(p)No Litigation.  There are no actions, suits or proceedings by or before any Governmental Authority pending, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any audits or investigations by or before any Governmental Authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect and, to the Company’s knowledge, no such actions, suits, proceedings, audits or investigations are threatened or contemplated by any Governmental Authority or threatened by others; and there are no contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not so filed.
(q)Consents and Permits.  The Company and its Subsidiaries possess such valid and current certificates, authorizations or permits required by state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted and as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (“Permits”), except where the failure to so possess would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect. Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of, or in default under, any of the Permits or has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such certificate, authorization or permit.

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(r)Regulatory Filings.  Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has failed to file with the applicable Governmental Authorities (including, without limitation, the FDA, or any foreign, federal, state, provincial or local Governmental Authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA) any required filing, declaration, listing, registration, report or submission, except for such failures that, individually or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect; except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, all such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions were in compliance with applicable laws when filed and no deficiencies have been asserted by any applicable regulatory authority with respect to any such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions, except for any deficiencies that, individually or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect.  The Company has operated and currently is, in all material respects, in compliance with the United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, all applicable rules and regulations of the FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign Governmental Authorities exercising comparable authority.
(s)Intellectual Property.  The Company and its Subsidiaries own, possess, license or have other rights to use all foreign and domestic patents, patent applications, trade and service marks, trade and service mark registrations, trade names, copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets, technology, Internet domain names, know-how and other intellectual property (collectively, the “Intellectual Property”), necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as now conducted except to the extent that the failure to own, possess, license or otherwise hold adequate rights to use such Intellectual Property would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.  To the Company’s knowledge and except as would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (i) there are no rights of third parties to any such Intellectual Property owned by the Company and its Subsidiaries; (ii) there is no infringement by third parties of any such Intellectual Property.  Except as would not be reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others (A) challenging the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ rights in or to any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which could form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim; (B) challenging the validity or scope of any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts that would form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim; or (C) that the Company and its Subsidiaries infringe or otherwise violate any patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret or other proprietary rights of others, and the Company is unaware of any facts which could form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim. Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries have complied with the terms of each agreement pursuant to which Intellectual Property has been licensed to the Company or such Subsidiary, and all such agreements are in full force and effect.
(t)Clinical Studies.  The preclinical studies and tests and clinical trials described in the Prospectus were, and, if still pending, are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with the experimental protocols, procedures and controls pursuant to, where applicable, accepted professional and scientific standards for products or product candidates comparable to those being developed by the Company; the descriptions of such studies, tests and trials, and the results thereof, contained in the Prospectus are accurate and complete in all material

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respects; the Company is not aware of any tests, studies or trials not described in the Prospectus, the results of which reasonably call into question the results of the tests, studies and trials described in the Prospectus; and the Company has not received any written notice or correspondence from the FDA or any foreign, state or local Governmental Authority exercising comparable authority or any institutional review board or comparable authority requiring the termination, suspension, clinical hold or material modification of any tests, studies or trials.  
(u)Market Capitalization.  At the time the Registration Statement was originally declared effective, and at the time the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K was filed with the Commission, the Company met the then applicable requirements for the use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, including, but not limited to, General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3.
(v)No Material Defaults.  Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect.
(w)Certain Market Activities.  Neither the Company, nor any of the Subsidiaries, nor any of their respective directors, officers or controlling persons has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed, or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares.
(x)Taxes.  The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which have been required to be filed and paid all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in good faith, except where the failure to so file or pay would not reasonably be expected to have a have a Material Adverse Effect.  Except as otherwise disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which has had, or would have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
(y)Title to Real and Personal Property.  The Company and its subsidiaries do not own any real property.  Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all personal property described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being owned by them, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and claims, except those matters that would not (i) be reasonably expected to materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.  Any real or personal property described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being leased by the Company and any of its Subsidiaries is held by them under valid and enforceable leases, with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such real property, improvements, equipment or personal property by the Company or such subsidiary.
(z)Environmental Laws.  Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable

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federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions and orders relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, “Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and (iii) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above, for any such failure to comply or failure to receive required permits, licenses, other approvals or liability as would not be really expected to, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(aa)Disclosure Controls.  The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act), which (i) are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and its principal financial officer by others within those entities, particularly during the periods in which the periodic reports required under the Exchange Act are being prepared; (ii) have been evaluated by management of the Company for effectiveness as of the end of the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter; and (iii) are effective in all material respects to perform the functions for which they were established. Since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there have been no significant deficiencies or material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company is not aware of any change in its internal control over financial reporting that has occurred during its most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
(bb)Sarbanes-Oxley.  There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.  Each of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the Company (or each former principal executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer of the Company as applicable) has made all certifications required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the Commission.  For purposes of the preceding sentence, “principal executive officer” and “principal financial officer” shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
(cc)Finder’s Fees.  Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has incurred any liability for any finder’s fees, brokerage commissions or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist with respect to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement.
(dd)Labor Disputes.  No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened which would result in a Material Adverse Effect.

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(ee)Investment Company Act.  Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries is or, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement Shares, will be an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company,” as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).
(ff)Operations.  The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions to which the Company or its Subsidiaries are subject, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Authority (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Authority involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.
(gg)Underwriter Agreements.  The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction.
(hh)ERISA.  To the knowledge of the Company, each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company or any of its affiliates for employees or former employees of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”); no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred which would result in a material liability to the Company with respect to any such plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; and for each such plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no “accumulated funding deficiency” as defined in Section 412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived, and the fair market value of the assets of each such plan (excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such plan determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions.
(ii)Forward-Looking Statements.  No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.  
(jj)Agent Purchases.  The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Agents have informed the Company that the Agents may, to the extent permitted under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, purchase and sell Common Stock for their own account while this Agreement is in effect, provided, that (i) no such purchase or sales shall take place while a Placement Notice is in effect (except to the extent the Agents may engage in sales of Placement Shares purchased or deemed purchased from the Company as a “riskless principal” or in a similar capacity) and (ii) the Company shall not be deemed to have authorized or consented to any such purchases or sales by the Agents.

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(kk)Insurance.  The Company and each of its Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company and each of its Subsidiaries reasonably believe are adequate for the conduct of their business and as is customary for companies engaged in similar businesses in similar industries.
(ll)No Improper Practices.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or any Subsidiary, has made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state or foreign office in violation of any law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.
(mm)Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has, in the course of its actions for, or on behalf of, the Company or any of its subsidiaries (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any domestic government official, “foreign official” (as defined in the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “FCPA”)) or employee from corporate funds; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the FCPA or any applicable non-U.S. anti-bribery statute or regulation; or (iv) made any unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment to any domestic government official, such foreign official or employee; and the Company and its subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, the Company’s affiliates have conducted their respective businesses in compliance with the FCPA and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith.
(nn)Status Under the Securities Act.  The Company was not and is not an ineligible issuer as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act at the times specified in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Placement Shares.
(oo)No Misstatement or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and as of each Applicable Time (as defined in Section 23 below), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated document deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified.  The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Agents specifically for use therein.
(pp)No Conflicts.  Neither the execution of this Agreement, nor the issuance, offering or sale of the Placement Shares, nor the consummation of any of the other transactions contemplated herein, nor the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions hereof will conflict with, or will result in a breach of, any of the terms and provisions of, or has constituted or will constitute a default under, or has resulted in or will result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other agreement to which the Company may be bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject, except (i) such conflicts, breaches or defaults as may

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have been waived and (ii) such conflicts, breaches and defaults that would not have a Material Adverse Effect; nor will such action result (x) in any violation of the provisions of the organizational or governing documents of the Company, or (y) in any material violation of the provisions of any statute or any order, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or of any Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over the Company.
(qq) Sanctions.  (i) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor to the knowledge of the Company, after due inquiry, any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or representative of any of them, is a government, individual, or entity (in this paragraph (qq), “Person”) that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is:

(A)  the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authorities, including, without limitation, designation on OFAC’s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List or OFAC’s Foreign Sanctions Evaders List (as amended, collectively, “Sanctions”), nor

(B)  located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions that broadly prohibit dealings with that country or territory (including, without limitation, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Syria and the Crimea Region of the Ukraine).

(ii)  The Company and its Subsidiaries will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person or entity for the purpose of financing the activities of or business with any person, or in any country or territory, that currently is the subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC or in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.

(rr)Stock Transfer Taxes.  On each Settlement Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) which are required to be paid in connection with the sale and transfer of the Placement Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided for by the Company and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied with.
(ss)Compliance with Laws.  The Company and its subsidiaries have been and are in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, except where failure to be so in compliance could not be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(tt)Statistical and Market-Related Data.  The statistical, demographic and market-related data included in the Registration Statement and Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate.
(uu)Cyber Security.  (x) To the Company’s knowledge, there has been no material security breach or other material compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s

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information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of them), equipment or technology (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”) and (y) the Company has not been notified of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any material security breach or other material compromise to their IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company is presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, in the case of this clause (ii), individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii) the Company has implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices.
(vv)Compliance with Data Privacy Laws. The Company and its subsidiaries are, and at all prior times were, in material compliance with all applicable state and federal data privacy and security laws and regulations (the “Privacy Laws”). To ensure compliance with the Privacy Laws, the Company has in place, complies in all material respects with, and takes appropriate steps to ensure compliance in all material respects with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and security and the collection, storage, use, processing, disclosure, handling, and analysis of Personal Data and Confidential Data (the “Policies”). Except as would not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company has at all times made all disclosures to users or customers required by applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, and none of such disclosures made or contained in any Policy have been inaccurate or in violation of any applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements in any material respect. The Company further certifies that neither it nor any subsidiary: (i) has received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any of the Privacy Laws, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii) is currently conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation, or other corrective action pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any order, decree, or agreement that imposes any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law.

Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Agents or to counsel for the Agents pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to the Agents as to the matters set forth therein.

7.Covenants of the Company.  The Company covenants and agrees with each Agent that:
(a)Registration Statement Amendments.  After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating to any Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the Agents under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act or similar rule), (i) the Company will notify the Agents promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration

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Statement or Prospectus or for additional information, (ii) the Company will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon the Agents’ reasonable request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in the Agents’ reasonable opinion, with the advice of counsel, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Placement Shares by the Agents (provided, however, that the failure of the Agents to make such request shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents’ right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure to make such filing shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed); (iii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares or a security convertible into the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to the Agents within a reasonable period of time before the filing and the Agents have not objected thereto within two (2) Trading Days (provided, however, that (A) the failure of the Agents to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents’ right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and (B) the Company has no obligation to provide the Agents any advance copy of such filing or to provide the Agents an opportunity to object to such filing if such filing does not name the Agents or does not relate to the Placement Shares or the transactions contemplated hereunder, and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure by the Company to obtain such consent shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to the Agents at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; and (iv) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be incorporated therein by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within the time period prescribed (the determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this Section 7(a), based on the Company’s reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively by the Company).
(b)Notice of Commission Stop Orders.  The Company will advise the Agents, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued.  The Company will advise the Agents promptly after it receives any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional information related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.
(c)Delivery of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes.  During any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the Agents under the Securities Act with respect to the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, (including in

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circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act or similar rule), the Company will comply in all material respects with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act.  If the Company has omitted any information from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act, it will use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with the Commission pursuant to said Rule 430B and to notify the Agents promptly of all such filings.  If during such period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify the Agents to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; provided, however, that the Company may delay any such amendment or supplement if, in the reasonable judgement of the Company, it is in the best interests of the Company to do so.
(d)Listing of Placement Shares.  Prior to the date of the first Placement Notice, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange.
(e)Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus.  The Company will furnish to the Agents and their counsel (at the expense of the Company) a reasonable number of copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered under the Securities Act (including all documents filed with the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities as the Agents may from time to time reasonably request and, at the Agents’ request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to the Agents to the extent such document is available on EDGAR.
(f)Earning Statement.  The Company will make generally available to its security holders, as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 15 months after the end of the Company’s current fiscal quarter, an earning statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act.
(g)Use of Proceeds.  The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.”
(h)Notice of Other Sales.  Without the prior written consent of the Agents, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to

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this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock during the period beginning on the fifth (5th) Trading Day immediately prior to the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered to the Agents hereunder and ending on the fifth (5th) Trading Day immediately following the final Settlement Date with respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Placement Shares covered by a Placement Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); and will not directly or indirectly in any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock prior to the sixtieth (60th) day immediately following termination of this Agreement; provided, however, that such restrictions will not be required in connection with the Company’s issuance or sale of (i) Common Stock, options to purchase Common Stock, other equity awards to acquire Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise or vesting of options or other equity awards, pursuant to any employee or director stock option or benefits plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not Common Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend reinvestment plan) of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented, (ii) Common Stock issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding and the vesting of restricted stock units, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on EDGAR or otherwise in writing to the Agents, and (iii) Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock as consideration for mergers, acquisitions, other business combinations or strategic alliances occurring after the date of this Agreement which are not issued for capital raising purposes.
(i)Change of Circumstances.  The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice advise the Agents promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement.
(j)Due Diligence Cooperation.  The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Agents or their representatives in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company’s principal offices, as the Agents may reasonably request.
(k)Required Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares.  The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require, the Company will (i) file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, which prospectus supplement will set forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Placement Shares sold through the Agents, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation payable by the Company to the Agents with respect to such Placement Shares, and (ii) deliver such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules or regulations of such exchange or market.

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(l)Representation Dates; Certificate.  (1) Prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (2) each time the Company:

(i) files the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares or amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering of securities other than the Placement Shares) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares;

(ii) files an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A containing amended financial information or a material amendment to the previously filed Form 10-K);

(iii) files its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or

(iv) files a current report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than information “furnished” pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to the reclassification of certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) under the Exchange Act (each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) shall be a “Representation Date”);

the Company shall furnish the Agents (but in the case of clause (iv) above only if an Agent reasonably determines that the information contained in such Form 8-K is material) with a certificate dated the Representation Date, in the form and substance satisfactory to the Agents and their counsel, substantially similar to the form previously provided to the Agents and their counsel, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented.  The requirement to provide a certificate under this Section 7(l) shall be waived without an action on the part of the Agents or the Company for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Placement Notice is pending (including, for the purposes of clarity, during which a Suspension is in effect), which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder or instructions for the sale of Placement Shares under a suspended Placement Notice (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Agents with a certificate under this Section 7(l), then before the Company delivers the instructions for the sale of Placement Shares or any of the Agents sell any Placement Shares pursuant to such instructions, the Company shall provide the Agents with a certificate in conformity with this Section 7(l) dated as of the date of the Placement Notice or the date that the instructions for the sale of Placement Shares are issued, as applicable.  

(m)Legal Opinion.  (1) Prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (2) within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable and excluding the date of this Agreement, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents a written opinion of each of Pepper Hamilton LLP (“Company Counsel”), and Womble Bond

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Dickinson (US) LLP (“IP Counsel”) or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Agent, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agents and their counsel, substantially similar to the form previously provided to the Agents and their counsel, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented; provided, however, the Company shall be required to furnish to the Agents no more than one opinion from each of Company Counsel and IP Counsel hereunder per calendar quarter; provided, further, that in lieu of such opinions for subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act, counsel may furnish the Agents with a letter (a “Reliance Letter”) to the effect that the Agents may rely on a prior opinion delivered under this Section 7(m) to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinion shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter).
(n)Comfort Letter.  (1) Prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (2) within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable and excluding the date of this Agreement, the Company shall cause its independent registered public accounting firm to furnish the Agents letters (the “Comfort Letters”), dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, which shall meet the requirements set forth in this Section 7(n); provided, that if requested by an Agent, the Company shall cause a Comfort Letter to be furnished to the Agents within ten (10) Trading Days of the date of occurrence of any material transaction or event requiring the filing of a current report on Form 8-K containing material financial statements, including the restatement of the Company’s financial statements.  The Comfort Letter from the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, (i) confirming that they are an independent registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB, (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the “Initial Comfort Letter”) and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.
(o)Market Activities.  The Company will not, directly or indirectly, without giving effect to the activities of the Agents (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or would reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of Common Stock in violation of the Exchange Act, or the rules and regulations thereunder, or the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Common Stock in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than the Agents.
(p)Investment Company Act.  The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, required to register as an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act.
(q)No Offer to Sell.  Other than an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company and the Agents in their capacity as agents hereunder (such approval by

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the Agents not to be unreasonably conditioned, delayed or withheld), neither the Agents nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Agents in their capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Placement Shares hereunder.
(r)Blue Sky and Other Qualifications. The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts, in cooperation with the Agents, to qualify the Placement Shares for offering and sale, or to obtain an exemption for the Placement Shares to be offered and sold, under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Agents may designate and to maintain such qualifications and exemptions in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares (but in no event for less than one year from the date of this Agreement); provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject.  In each jurisdiction in which the Placement Shares have been so qualified or exempt, the Company will file such statements and reports as may be required by the laws of such jurisdiction to continue such qualification or exemption, as the case may be, in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares (but in no event for less than one year from the date of this Agreement).
(s)Sarbanes-Oxley Act.  The Company and its Subsidiaries will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting their assets and maintain internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and including those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, (iii) that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management’s and the Company’s directors’ authorization, and (iv) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements.  The Company and the Subsidiaries will maintain such controls and other procedures, including, without limitation, those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the applicable regulations thereunder that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to the Company or the Subsidiaries is made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which such periodic reports are being prepared.

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(t)Secretary’s Certificate; Further Documentation.  Prior to the date of the first Placement Notice, the Company shall deliver to the Agents a certificate of the Secretary of the Company and attested to by an executive officer of the Company, dated as of such date, certifying as to (i) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, (ii) the By-laws of the Company, (iii) the resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the issuance of the Placement Shares and (iv) the incumbency of the officers duly authorized to execute this Agreement and the other documents contemplated by this Agreement.  Within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date, the Company shall have furnished to the Agents such further information, certificates and documents as the Agents may reasonably request.
8.Payment of Expenses.  The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i) the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement, including any fees required by the Commission, and the printing or electronic delivery of the Prospectus as originally filed and of each amendment and supplement thereto, in such number as the Agents shall deem necessary, (ii) the printing and delivery to the Agents of this Agreement and such other documents as may be reasonably required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares, (iii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates, if any, for the Placement Shares to the Agents, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any capital duties, stamp duties or other duties or taxes payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares to the Agents, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants and other advisors to the Company, (v) the reasonable fees and expenses of the Agents including but not limited to the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of the counsel to the Agents, payable upon the execution of this Agreement, in an amount not to exceed $50,000 in the aggregate, (vi) the qualification or exemption of the Placement Shares under state securities laws in accordance with the provisions of Section 7(r) hereof, including filing fees, but excluding fees of the Agents’ counsel, (vii) the printing and delivery to the Agents of copies of any Permitted Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto in such number as the Agents shall reasonably deem necessary, (viii) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Agents of copies of the blue sky survey, (ix) the fees and expenses of the transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock, (x) the filing and other fees incident to any review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Placement Shares including the fees of the Agents’ counsel (subject to the cap, set forth in clause (v) above), and (xi) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange.
9.Conditions to the Agents’ Obligations.  The obligations of the Agents hereunder with respect to a Placement will be subject to the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, to the completion by the Agents of a due diligence review satisfactory to them in their reasonable judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by the Agents in their sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:
(a)Registration Statement Effective.  The Registration Statement shall be effective and shall be available for the (i) resale of all Placement Shares issued to the Agents and not yet sold by the Agents and (ii) sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to be issued by any Placement Notice.

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(b)No Material Notices.  None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company of any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state Governmental Authority during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, which amendments or supplements have not, as of the time of such Placement, been made; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state Governmental Authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the occurrence of any event that makes any material statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or such documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(c)No Misstatement or Material Omission.  The Agents shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in the Agents’ reasonable opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in the Agents’ reasonable opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.
(d)Material Changes.  Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company’s reports filed with the Commission, there shall not have been any material adverse change in the authorized capital stock of the Company or any Material Adverse Effect or any development that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or a downgrading in or withdrawal of the rating assigned to any of the Company’s securities (other than asset backed securities) by any credit rating organization or a public announcement by any credit rating organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any of the Company’s securities (other than asset backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a rating organization described above, in the reasonable judgment of the Agents (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise have), is so material as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.
(e)Legal Opinions.  The Agents shall have received the opinions of Company Counsel and IP Counsel required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(m) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinions is required pursuant to Section 7(m).
(f)Comfort Letter.  The Agents shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(n) on or before the date on which such delivery of such Comfort Letter is required pursuant to Section 7(n).

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(g)Representation Certificate.  The Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(l) on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(l).
(h)No Suspension.  Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on the Exchange and the Common Stock shall not have been delisted from the Exchange.
(i)Other Materials.  On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(l), the Company shall have furnished to the Agents such appropriate further information, opinions, certificates, letters and other documents as the Agents may reasonably request.  All such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents will be in compliance with the provisions hereof.
(j)Securities Act Filings Made.  All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424.
(k)Approval for Listing.  The Placement Shares shall either have been (i) approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice of issuance, or (ii) the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice and the Exchange shall have reviewed such application and not provided any objections thereto.
(l)FINRA.  If applicable, FINRA shall have raised no objection to the terms of this offering and the amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Agents as described in the Prospectus.
(m)No Termination Event.  There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Agents to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 12(b).
10.Indemnification and Contribution.
(a)Company Indemnification.  The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each of the Agents, their respective affiliates and their respective partners, members, directors, officers, employees and agents and each person, if any, who controls the applicable Agent or any affiliate within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows:
(i)against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission

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or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
(ii)against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any Governmental Authority, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided that (subject to Section 10(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and
(iii)against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any Governmental Authority, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission (whether or not a party), to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above,

provided, however, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with the Agent Information (as defined below).

(b)Agent Indemnification.  Each Agent agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section 10(a), as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto), the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to such Agent and furnished to the Company in writing by such Agent expressly for use therein.  The Company hereby acknowledges that the only information that the Agents have furnished to the Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) are the statements set forth in the seventh and eighth paragraphs under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus (the “Agent Information”).
(c)Procedure.  Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 10 will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section 10, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 10 and (ii) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provision of this Section 10 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party.  If any such

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action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any other legal expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable and documented costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense.  The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying party, (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (3) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action or counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, in each case, within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action; in each of which cases the reasonable and documented fees, disbursements and other charges of outside counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties.  It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable and documented fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm (plus local counsel) admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties.  All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly after the indemnifying party receives a written invoice relating to the fees, disbursements and other charges in reasonable detail.  An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed).  No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party (which consent shall not be unreasonably conditioned, withheld or delayed), settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 10 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (1) includes an express and unconditional release of each indemnified party, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party, from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (2) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.
(d)Settlement Without Consent if Failure to Reimburse. If an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for reasonable fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of the nature contemplated by Section 10(a)(ii) effected without its written consent if (1) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (2) such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such

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settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into and (3) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.
(e)Contribution.  In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs of this Section 10 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable or insufficient from the Company or an Agent, the Company and such Agent will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted) to which the Company and the Agents may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agents on the other hand.  The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agents on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total compensation received by the Agents from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company.  If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and such Agent, on the other hand, with respect to the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering.  Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or such Agent, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.  The Company and each Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 10(e) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein.  The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 10(e) shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this Section 10(e), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section 10(c) hereof.  Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 10(e), no Agent shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by such Agent under this Agreement and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.  For purposes of this Section 10(e), any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, any affiliates of the Agents and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of the Agents or any of its affiliates, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each director of the Company and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof.  Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this Section 10(e), will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve

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that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section 10(e) except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought.  Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section 10(c) hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to Section 10(c) hereof. The Agents’ respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 10(e) are several in proportion to the respective number of Placement Shares they have sold hereunder, and not joint.
11.Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery.  The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 10 of this Agreement and all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their respective dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Agent, any controlling persons, or the Company (or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement.
12.Termination.
(a)Subject to the provisions of this Section 12, the term of this Agreement shall continue from the date of this Agreement until the earlier to occur of (a) the third anniversary of the date of this Agreement or (b) the date on which the Agents have sold the Maximum Amount pursuant to this Agreement (the “Term”), unless earlier terminated by the parties to this Agreement pursuant to this Section 12.
(b)Each of the Agents may terminate this Agreement prior to the end of the Term, with respect to its rights and obligations under this Agreement, by notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time (1) if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any change, or any development or event involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the business, properties, earnings, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, which individually or in the aggregate, in the sole judgment of such Agent is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (2) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of the Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (3) if trading in the Common Stock has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the Exchange, or if trading generally on the Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange, (4) if any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market shall have occurred and be continuing, (5) if a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance services in the United States shall have occurred and be continuing, or (6) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities.  Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8 (Payment of

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Expenses), Section 10 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 11 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 17 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 18 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.  If any Agent elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this Section 12(b), such Agent shall provide the required notice as specified in Section 13 (Notices). For the avoidance of doubt, the termination by one Agent of its rights and obligations under this Agreement pursuant to this Section 12(b) shall not affect the rights and obligations of the other Agents under this Agreement.
(c)The Company shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement with respect to one or more Agents in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement.  Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other relevant party except that the provisions of Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. For the avoidance of doubt, the termination by the Company of this Agreement with respect to one Agent pursuant to this Section 12(c) shall not affect the rights and obligations of the other Agents under this Agreement.
(d)Each of the Agents shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement.  Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other relevant party except that the provisions of Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. For the avoidance of doubt, the termination by one Agent of its rights and obligations under this Agreement pursuant to this Section 12(d) shall not affect the rights and obligations of the other Agents under this Agreement.
(e)This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect during the Term unless terminated pursuant to Sections 12(b), (c), or (d) above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; provided, however, that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 shall remain in full force and effect.  Upon termination of this Agreement, the Company shall not have any liability to an Agent for any discount, commission or other compensation with respect to any Placement Shares not otherwise sold by an Agent under this Agreement.
(f)Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided, however, that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the Agents or the Company, as the case may be.  If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
13.Notices.  All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to the Agents, shall be delivered to:

Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.

499 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10022

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Attention:Capital Markets

Facsimile:(212) 307-3730

and:

Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.

499 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10022

Attention:General Counsel

Facsimile:(212) 829-4708

and:

Canaccord Genuity LLC

99 High Street, Suite 1200

Boston, Massachusetts 02110

Attention: General Counsel

and:

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

430 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10022

Attention: Head of Investment Banking

and:

Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

277 Park Avenue, 26th Floor

New York, New York 10172

Attention: Head of Investment Banking

with a copy to:

Covington & Burling LLP

New York Times Building

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

Attention:  Donald Murray

Facsimile: (646) 441-9101

and if to the Company, shall be delivered to:

Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
80 W. Lancaster Avenue, Suite 300

Devon, Pennsylvania 19333
Attention: Suzanne M. Hanlon

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with a copy to:

Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP

3000 Two Logan Square

Philadelphia, PA 19103

Attention: Rachael M. Bushey, Esq.; Jennifer Porter, Esq.

Facsimile: (215) 981-4750

Each party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose.  Each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile transmission (with an original to follow) on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight courier and (iii) on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid).  For purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day” shall mean any day on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.  

An electronic communication (“Electronic Notice”) shall be deemed written notice for purposes of this Section 13 if sent to the electronic mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover.  Electronic Notice shall be deemed received at the time the party sending Electronic Notice receives verification of receipt by the receiving party.  Any party receiving Electronic Notice may request and shall be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form (“Nonelectronic Notice”) which shall be sent to the requesting party within ten (10) days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice.

14.Successors and Assigns.  This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and the Agents and their respective successors and the parties referred to in Section 10 hereof.  References to any of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party.  Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement.  Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party; provided, however, that an Agent may assign its rights and obligations hereunder to an affiliate thereof without obtaining the Company’s consent, so long as such affiliate is a registered broker dealer.
15.Adjustments for Stock Splits.  The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any stock split or consolidation, stock dividend or similar event effected with respect to the Placement Shares.
16.Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability; Waiver.  This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof.  Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written

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instrument executed by the Company and each Agent.  In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement. No implied waiver by a party shall arise in the absence of a waiver in writing signed by such party. No failure or delay in exercising any right, power, or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any right, power, or privilege hereunder.
17.GOVERNING LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.  THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.
18.CONSENT TO JURISDICTION. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER.  EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF.  NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.
19.Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.  Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile or electronic transmission.
20.Construction.  The section and exhibit headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. References herein to any law, statute, ordinance, code,

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regulation, rule or other requirement of any Governmental Authority shall be deemed to refer to such law, statute, ordinance, code, regulation, rule or other requirement of any Governmental Authority as amended, reenacted, supplemented or superseded in whole or in part and in effect from time to time and also to all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
21.Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.  The Company represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of each of the Agents, and each of the Agents represents, warrants and agrees that, unless they obtain the prior written consent of the Company and the other Agents, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Placement Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the Commission.  Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Agents or by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.”  The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping.  For the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in Exhibit 21 hereto are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.
22.Absence of Fiduciary Relationship.  The Company acknowledges and agrees that:
(a)each Agent is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with each transaction contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between the Company or any of its affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party, on the one hand, and the Agents, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether or not any Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and no Agent has any obligation to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement;
(b)it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;
(c)neither the Agents nor their respective affiliates have provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;
(d)it is aware that each Agent and its respective affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and such Agent and its respective affiliates have no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and
(e)it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against an Agent or its affiliates for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty in

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connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and agrees that such Agent and its respective affiliates shall not have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of the Company.
23.Definitions.  As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:

Applicable Time” means (i) each Representation Date, (ii) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement and (iii) each Settlement Date.

Governmental Authority means (i) any federal, provincial, state, local, municipal, national or international government or governmental authority, regulatory or administrative agency, governmental commission, department, board, bureau, agency or instrumentality, court, tribunal, arbitrator or arbitral body (public or private); (ii) any self-regulatory organization; or (iii) any political subdivision of any of the foregoing.

Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating to the Placement Shares that (1) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (2) is a “road show” that is a “written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (3) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Placement Shares or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act Regulations.

Rule 172,” “Rule 405,” “Rule 415,” “Rule 424,” “Rule 424(b),” “Rule 430B,” and “Rule 433” refer to such rules under the Securities Act Regulations.

All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is “contained,” “included” or “stated” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be.

All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule 433, are not required to be filed with the Commission) shall be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to “supplements” to the Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, “wrappers” or similar materials prepared in connection with any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Shares by the Agents outside of the United States.

[Signature Page Follows]

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If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and each Agent, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement among the Company and the Agents.

Very truly yours,

ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

By:

/s/Armando Anido

Name:Armando Anido

Title:Chief Executive Officer


ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:

CANTOR FITZGERALD & CO.

By:

/s/ Sage Kelly

Name:Sage Kelly

Title:Global Head of Investment Banking

CANACCORD GENUITY LLC

By:

/s/ Eugene Rozelman

Name:Eugene Rozelman

Title:Managing Director

H.C. WAINWRIGHT & CO., LLC

By:

/s/ Edward D. Silvera

Name:Edward D. Silvera

Title:Chief Operating Officer

LADENBURG THALMANN & CO. INC.

By:

/s/ Vlad Ivanov

Name:Vlad Ivanov

Title:Managing Director


SCHEDULE 1

FORM OF PLACEMENT NOTICE

[Date]

[Designated Agent]

[Address] (the “Designated Agent”)

Attn: []

Reference is made to the Sales Agreement among Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”), Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Canaccord Genuity LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. dated as of May 11, 2021. The Company confirms that all conditions to the delivery of this Placement Notice are satisfied as of the date hereof.

Date of Delivery of Issuance Notice (determined pursuant to Section 3(b)(i)):

Issuance Amount (equal to the total Sales Price for such Placement Shares):

$

Number of Days in Selling Period:

First Date of Selling Period:

Last Date of Selling Period:

Settlement Date(s) if other than standard T+2 settlement:

​ ​

Minimum Price Limitation (in no event less than $1.00 without the prior written consent of the Designated Agent, which consent may be withheld in the Designated Agent’s sole discretion):

$per share

Comments:

Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

By:

Name:

Title:  


SCHEDULE 2

__________________________

Compensation

__________________________

The Company shall pay to the Designated Agent in cash, upon each sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, an amount up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of Placement Shares.


SCHEDULE 3

__________________________

Notice Parties

__________________________

The Company

Armando Anido (aa@zynerba.com)
Terri B. Sebree (SeebreeT@zynerba.com)
Jim Fickenscher (FickenscherJ@zynerba.com)
Suzanne Hanlon (HanlonS@zynerba.com)

The Agents

Sameer Vasudev (svasudev@cantor.com)
CFControlledEquityOffering@cantor.com
ZYNEATM@cgf.com
ATM@hcwco.com
David Strupp (dstrupp@ladenburg.com)
Joseph Giovanniello (jgiovanniello@ladenburg.com)
Ken Brush (kbrush@ladenburg.com)
Eric Novotny (ENovotny@ladenburg.com)


SCHEDULE 4

__________________________

Subsidiaries

__________________________

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 of the Company’s most recently filed Form 10-K.


Form of Representation Date Certificate Pursuant to Section 7(l)

The undersigned, the duly qualified and elected [•], of Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify in such capacity and on behalf of the Company, pursuant to Section 7(l) of the Sales Agreement, dated May 11, 2021 (the “Sales Agreement”), among the Company, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Canaccord Genuity LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., that to the knowledge of the undersigned:

(i) The representations and warranties of the Company in Section 6 of the Sales Agreement are true and correct on and as of the date hereof with the same force and effect as if expressly made on and as of the date hereof, except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date and which were true and correct as of such date; provided, however, that such representations and warranties also shall be qualified by the disclosure included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and Prospectus; and

(ii) The Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied pursuant to the Sales Agreement at or prior to the date hereof.

Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Sales Agreement.

ZYNERBA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

By:

Name:

Title:

Date: [•]


Exhibit 21

Permitted Free Writing Prospectus

None.


Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Armando Anido, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By: /s/ Armando Anido

Name: Armando Anido

Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Dated: May 12, 2021


Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, James E. Fickenscher, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By: /s/ James E. Fickenscher

Name: James E. Fickenscher

Title: Chief Financial Officer

Dated: May 12, 2021


Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Armando Anido, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Armando Anido

Armando Anido

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Dated: May 12, 2021


Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, James E. Fickenscher, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ James E. Fickenscher

James E. Fickenscher

Chief Financial Officer

Dated: May 12, 2021