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(Mark one)
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☒
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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☐
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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American Homes 4 Rent
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Maryland
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46-1229660
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American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.
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Delaware
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80-0860173
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(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
Title of each class
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Trading symbols
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Name of each exchange on which registered
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Class A common shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value
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AMH
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New York Stock Exchange
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Series D perpetual preferred shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value
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AMH-D
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New York Stock Exchange
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Series E perpetual preferred shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value
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AMH-E
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New York Stock Exchange
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Series F perpetual preferred shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value
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AMH-F
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New York Stock Exchange
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Series G perpetual preferred shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value
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AMH-G
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New York Stock Exchange
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Series H perpetual preferred shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value
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AMH-H
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New York Stock Exchange
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•
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enhances investors’ understanding of the Company and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;
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eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation since a substantial portion of the disclosure applies to both the Company and the Operating Partnership; and
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creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.
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•
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Secure early-mover advantage and position us as a dominant owner/operator of single-family rental properties. Historically, the single-family home rental market has been extremely fragmented, comprised primarily of private and individual property investors in local markets. Until recently, there have been no large-scale, national market owners/operators primarily due to the challenge of efficiently scaling the development/acquisition and management of many individual homes. With opportunities to cost-effectively develop homes and to continue acquiring homes at attractive prices, we intend to continue to leverage our expertise and experience in rapidly building an institutional-quality, professionally-managed business. We believe that being one of the first in our industry to do so on a large scale has provided us the “early-mover” advantage to continue aggregating a large, geographically diversified portfolio of high-quality properties at prices that provide attractive potential yields and capital appreciation.
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•
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Employ a disciplined property acquisition process. We have an established acquisition and renovation platform to source properties through a variety of traditional acquisition channels, including broker sales (primarily multiple listing service (“MLS”)) and bulk portfolio sales. We focus on homes with a number of key property characteristics, including: (i) construction after the year 2000; (ii) three or more bedrooms; (iii) two or more bathrooms; (iv) a range of $200,000 estimated minimum valuation to $450,000 maximum bid price; and (v) estimated renovation costs not in excess of 25% of estimated value. Our target areas have above average median household incomes, well-regarded school districts and access to desirable lifestyle amenities. We believe that homes in these areas will attract tenants with strong credit profiles, produce high occupancy and rental rates and generate long-term property appreciation. Not all of the homes we acquire through traditional channels meet all of these criteria, especially if acquired as part of a bulk purchase. In addition to our traditional MLS acquisition channel, we have increasingly been acquiring newly constructed homes from third-party developers through our National Builder Program.
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•
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Build a one-of-a-kind internal development program. We are increasingly focused on developing “built-for-rental” homes through our internal AMH Development Program, which we believe represents the best investment on a risk-adjusted return basis. Our “built-for-rental” homes will leverage our existing property management platform and are built with the long-term renter in mind, including maintenance resilient features, as well as floor plans, finishes and other features known to be desirable to our residents. Our experienced land acquisition team and our proprietary data analytics enables us to strategically identify ideal land opportunities that are within our existing footprint in our high-growth markets. Our inventory of land holdings and future acquisitions will allow us to sustain our projected stabilized level of development over the next several years.
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•
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Assemble a geographically diversified portfolio. We monitor and manage the diversification of our portfolio in order to reduce the risks associated with adverse developments affecting a particular market. We currently are focusing on developing and acquiring single-family homes in selected sub-markets of MSAs, with an emphasis on achieving critical mass within each target market. We continually evaluate potential new markets where we may invest and establish operations as opportunities emerge. We select our markets based on steady population growth and strong rental demand, providing for attractive potential yields and capital appreciation. In addition, if we are unable to gain desired critical mass within a market to operate efficiently, then we may pursue ways to exit those markets in a manner designed to maximize shareholder value.
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•
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Efficiently manage and operate properties. We believe we have created a leading, comprehensive single-family home property management business and that the key to efficiently managing a large number of relatively low-cost properties is to strike the appropriate balance between centralization and decentralization. We believe that in-house property management enables us to optimize rental revenues, effectively manage expenses, realize significant economies of scale, standardize brand consistency and maintain direct contact with our tenants. Our property management platform has local leasing agents and property managers who provide customer service to our tenants. Corporate-level functions are centralized, including management, accounting, legal, marketing and call centers to handle leasing and maintenance calls. These centralized services allow us to provide all markets with the benefits of these functions without the burden of staffing each function in every market. In addition, by having a national property management operation, we have the
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•
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Establish a nationally recognized brand. We continue to strive toward establishing “American Homes 4 Rent” as a nationally recognized brand because we believe that establishing a brand well-known for quality, value and tenant satisfaction will help attract and retain tenants and qualified personnel, as well as support higher rental rates. We believe that creating brand awareness will facilitate the growth and success of our company. We have established a toll-free number serviced by our call center and a website to provide a direct portal to reach potential tenants and to drive our brand presence. We believe our brand has gained recognition within a number of our markets.
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•
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Optimize capital structure. We may use leverage to increase potential returns to our shareholders, but we will seek to maintain a conservative and flexible balance sheet. We believe that preferred shares provide an attractive source of permanent capital. We have also obtained capital through the use of unsecured credit facilities, the issuance of unsecured senior notes, and through asset-backed securitization transactions completed during 2014 and 2015. We also participate in investment vehicles with third-party investors as an alternative source of equity to grow our business. Our executive officers have substantial experience organizing and managing investment vehicles with third-party investors.
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•
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Property Development. We are increasingly focused on developing “built-for-rental” homes through our internal AMH Development Program and acquiring newly constructed homes from third-party developers through our National Builder Program in target markets in selected sub-markets of MSAs. Rental homes developed through internal construction channels involve substantial up-front costs, time to acquire and develop land, and time to build the rental homes before the homes generate income. This process is dependent upon the availability of suitable land assets, the nature of each lot acquired, and the inventory of newly constructed homes and homes currently under construction.
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•
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Property Acquisition. We have a disciplined acquisition platform that is capable of deploying large amounts of capital across all acquisition channels and in multiple markets simultaneously. Our acquisition process begins with an analysis of housing markets. Target markets are selected based on steady population growth and strong rental demand, providing for attractive potential yields and potential capital appreciation. Our target markets currently include selected sub-markets of MSAs. Within our target markets, our system allows us to screen broadly and rapidly for potential acquisitions and is designed to identify highly targeted sub-markets at the neighborhood and street levels.
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•
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Property Renovation. We have a team of dedicated personnel to oversee the renovation process for homes added through traditional acquisition channels. This team focuses on maximizing the benefit of our investment in property renovation. Once a home is acquired, if it is not occupied, we promptly begin the renovation process, during which each property is thoroughly evaluated. Any resulting work is presented for bid to approved contractors in each of our markets. We have negotiated substantial quantity discounts in each of our markets for products that we regularly use during the renovation process, such as paint, window blinds and flooring. By establishing and enforcing best practices and quality consistency, we believe that we are able to reduce the costs of both materials and labor.
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•
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Property Management. We have developed an extensive in-house property management infrastructure, with modern systems, dedicated personnel and local offices in certain of our markets. In these markets, property managers employed by us execute all property management functions. We directly manage all of our properties without the engagement of a third-party manager.
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•
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Marketing and Leasing. We are responsible for establishing rental rates, marketing and leasing properties (including screening prospective tenants) and collecting and processing rent. We establish rental rates centrally, using data-driven pricing models, supported by analysis from the local property management teams in each market. Factors considered in establishing the rental rates include a competitive analysis of rents, the size and age of the house, and many qualitative factors, such as neighborhood characteristics and access to quality schools, transportation and services. We advertise the available properties through multiple channels, including our website, online marketplaces, MLS, yard signs and local brokers. The majority of our homes are shown using technology-driven “self-guided” showings.
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•
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Tenant Relations and Property Maintenance. We also are responsible for property repairs and maintenance and tenant relations. We offer a 24/7 emergency line to handle after-hours issues, and our tenants can contact us through our local property management office or call center. As part of our ongoing property management, we conduct routine repairs and maintenance as appropriate to maximize long-term rental income and cash flows from our portfolio, and are increasingly performing this work using in-house employees as opposed to third-party vendors. In addition, our local teams are involved in periodic visits to our properties to help foster positive, long-term relationships with our tenants, to monitor the condition and use of our homes and to ensure compliance with HOA rules and regulations.
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•
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Systems and Technology. Effective systems and technology are essential components of our process. We have made significant investments in our lease management, accounting and asset management systems. They are designed to be scalable to accommodate continued growth in our portfolio of homes. Our website is fully integrated into the tenant accounting and leasing system. From the website, which is accessible from mobile devices, prospective tenants can browse homes available for rent, request additional information and apply to rent a specific home. Through the tenant portal existing tenants can set up automatic payments. The system is designed to handle the accounting requirements of residential property accounting, including accounting for security deposits and paying property-level expenses. The system obtains credit information from a major credit bureau, which is used to evaluate prospective tenant rental applications.
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•
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the availability of, and our ability to identify, attractive acquisition and development opportunities consistent with our investment strategy;
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•
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our ability to effectively manage development, renovation, maintenance, marketing and other operating costs for our properties;
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•
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our ability to maintain high occupancy rates and target rent levels;
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•
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our ability to compete with other investors entering the single-family sector;
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•
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costs that are beyond our control, including weather-related damage, title litigation, litigation with tenants or tenant organizations, legal compliance, real estate taxes, HOA fees and insurance;
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•
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judicial and regulatory developments affecting landlord-tenant relations that may affect or delay our ability to dispossess or evict occupants or increase rents;
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•
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judicial and regulatory developments affecting banks’ and other mortgage holders’ ability to foreclose on delinquent borrowers;
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•
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judicial and regulatory developments related to environmental or climate change matters that could limit or increase the cost of our developments and operations;
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•
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reversal of population, employment or homeownership trends in target markets;
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•
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interest rate levels and volatility, such as the accessibility of short-term and long-term financing on desirable terms; and
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•
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economic conditions in our target markets, including changes in employment and household earnings and expenses, as well as the condition of the financial and real estate markets and the economy in general.
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•
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stabilize and manage additional properties and tenant relationships while maintaining a high level of tenant satisfaction and building and enhancing our brand;
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•
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attract, integrate and retain new management and operations personnel as our organization grows in size and complexity;
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•
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continue to improve our operational and financial controls and reporting procedures and systems; and
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•
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scale our technology and other infrastructure platforms to adequately service new properties.
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•
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improvements in the overall economy and job market;
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•
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a resumption of consumer lending activity and greater availability of consumer credit;
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•
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improvements in the pricing and terms of mortgage-backed securities;
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•
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our ability to expand our development operations while controlling increases in the cost of acquiring land and construction costs and delays;
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•
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the emergence of increased competition for single-family assets from private investors and entities with similar investment objectives to ours; and
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tax or other government incentives that encourage homeownership.
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•
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general business conditions;
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financial market conditions;
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•
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the market’s perception of our business prospects and growth potential;
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•
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the market prices of our common and preferred shares;
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•
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our current debt levels; and
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•
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our current and expected earnings, cash flow and distributions.
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•
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our cash flows from operations will be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest;
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•
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our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;
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•
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we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to shareholders and unitholders, funds available for operations and capital expenditures, future business opportunities or other purposes;
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•
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we violate restrictive covenants in the documents that govern our indebtedness, which would entitle our lenders to accelerate our debt obligations;
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•
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refinancing of the debt may not be available on favorable terms or at all; and
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•
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the use of leverage could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to shareholders and unitholders and the market price of our preferred and common shares.
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•
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downturns in international, national, regional and local economic conditions (particularly increases in unemployment);
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•
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the attractiveness of the properties we acquire to potential tenants and competition from other properties;
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•
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increases in the supply of, or decreases in the demand for, similar or competing properties in our target markets;
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•
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increases in the cost of land for development activities and construction costs;
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•
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unemployment, bankruptcies, financial difficulties or lease defaults by our tenants;
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•
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declines in the value of residential real estate;
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•
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changes in interest rates, availability and terms of debt financing;
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•
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increases in property-level maintenance and operating costs and expenses and our ability to control rents;
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•
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changes in, or increased costs of compliance with, governmental laws, rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws, and our potential liability thereunder and the rules and regulations of government or private parties, including HOAs, to discourage or deter the purchase or rental of single-family properties by entities owned or controlled by institutional investors;
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•
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shortages or rising prices of building materials and construction services, including independent contractor or outside supplier capacity constraints, and the impact of governmental tariffs, duties and/or trade restrictions imposed or increased on building materials and manufacturing defects resulting in recalls of materials;
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•
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our ability to provide adequate management and maintenance;
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•
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changes in the cost or availability of insurance, including coverage for mold or asbestos;
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•
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costs resulting from the clean-up of and liability to third parties for damages resulting from environmental problems, such as mold;
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•
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tenant turnover and the inability to lease or re-lease homes on a timely basis, attractive terms or at all;
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•
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costs and time period required to convert acquisitions to rental homes and to prepare homes for re-leasing;
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•
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the short-term nature of most residential leases and the costs and potential delays in re-leasing;
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•
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the failure of tenants to pay rent when due or otherwise perform their lease obligations;
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•
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unanticipated repairs, capital expenditures or other costs;
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•
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the illiquidity of real estate investments generally;
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•
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the geographic mix of our properties;
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•
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residents’ perceptions of the safety, convenience and attractiveness of our properties and the neighborhoods where they are acquired;
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•
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the ongoing need for capital improvements, particularly in older properties;
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•
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the ability or unwillingness of residents to pay rent increases;
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•
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civil unrest, acts of God, including earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters, which may result in uninsured losses, acts of war or terrorism, and outbreaks of pandemic or contagious diseases; and
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•
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rent control or rent stabilization or other housing laws, which could prevent us from raising rents.
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•
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purchasing additional properties;
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•
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repaying debt or buying back shares;
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•
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buying out interests of any co-venturers or other partners in any joint venture in which we are a party;
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•
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creating working capital reserves; or
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•
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making repairs, maintenance or other capital improvements or expenditures to our remaining properties.
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•
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“business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an “interested shareholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting shares or an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding shares) or an affiliate of any interested shareholder for five years after the most recent date on which the shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, and thereafter imposes two super-majority shareholder voting requirements on these combinations, unless, among other conditions, our common shareholders receive a minimum price, as defined in the MGCL, for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for its shares; and
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•
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“control share” provisions that provide that our “control shares” (defined as voting shares that, when aggregated with all other shares controlled by the shareholder, entitle the shareholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing trustees) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding “control shares”) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our shareholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares owned by the acquirer, by our officers or by our employees who are also trustees of our company.
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•
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actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or
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•
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active and deliberate dishonesty by the trustee or officer that was established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action adjudicated.
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•
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we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to our shareholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate tax rate (currently 21%);
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•
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unless we are entitled to relief under certain U.S. federal income tax laws, we could not re-elect REIT status until the fifth calendar year after the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.
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•
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The holders of our common shares and other preferred shares (including preferred shares not subject to the fast-pay stock rules) being treated as collectively having acquired from us financial instruments (which may be treated as debt or equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, depending on the facts) with the same terms as the additional shares of preferred shares being issued, with the result that they will be taxed on payments made on those shares as and when made, even though they will not receive those payments.
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•
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The holders of the additional shares of preferred shares issued instead having acquired, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, financial instruments (as described above) issued directly to them by the holders of our common shares and other preferred shares in exchange for the price paid for those shares, rather than our shares, with the holders of our common shares and other preferred shares making payments to them with respect to those financial instruments as and when the payments with respect to the additional preferred shares are made.
|
Market
|
|
Number of Single-Family Properties (1)
|
|
% of Total Single-Family Properties
|
|
Gross Book Value (millions)
|
|
% of Gross Book Value Total
|
|
Avg. Gross Book Value per Property
|
|
Avg.
Sq. Ft. |
|
Avg. Property Age (years)
|
|
Avg. Year
Purchased |
||||||
Atlanta, GA
|
|
4,779
|
|
9.3
|
%
|
|
$
|
854.9
|
|
|
9.1
|
%
|
|
$
|
178,876
|
|
|
2,161
|
|
17.4
|
|
2015
|
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX
|
|
4,314
|
|
8.4
|
%
|
|
712.1
|
|
|
7.5
|
%
|
|
165,058
|
|
|
2,116
|
|
15.8
|
|
2014
|
||
Charlotte, NC
|
|
3,681
|
|
7.2
|
%
|
|
710.6
|
|
|
7.5
|
%
|
|
193,044
|
|
|
2,095
|
|
15.8
|
|
2015
|
||
Phoenix, AZ
|
|
3,088
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
|
539.6
|
|
|
5.6
|
%
|
|
174,750
|
|
|
1,835
|
|
16.3
|
|
2015
|
||
Houston, TX
|
|
3,053
|
|
5.9
|
%
|
|
501.6
|
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
|
164,294
|
|
|
2,093
|
|
14.0
|
|
2014
|
||
Indianapolis, IN
|
|
2,807
|
|
5.5
|
%
|
|
430.7
|
|
|
4.6
|
%
|
|
153,422
|
|
|
1,930
|
|
17.2
|
|
2013
|
||
Nashville, TN
|
|
2,741
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
|
579.6
|
|
|
6.1
|
%
|
|
211,440
|
|
|
2,113
|
|
15.0
|
|
2015
|
||
Jacksonville, FL
|
|
2,233
|
|
4.3
|
%
|
|
393.1
|
|
|
4.2
|
%
|
|
176,056
|
|
|
1,940
|
|
14.6
|
|
2014
|
||
Tampa, FL
|
|
2,243
|
|
4.4
|
%
|
|
443.3
|
|
|
4.7
|
%
|
|
197,632
|
|
|
1,945
|
|
14.9
|
|
2015
|
||
Raleigh, NC
|
|
2,062
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
379.1
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
183,860
|
|
|
1,875
|
|
14.9
|
|
2014
|
||
Columbus, OH
|
|
2,030
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
349.4
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
172,111
|
|
|
1,870
|
|
18.0
|
|
2015
|
||
Cincinnati, OH
|
|
1,973
|
|
3.8
|
%
|
|
345.2
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
174,984
|
|
|
1,851
|
|
17.5
|
|
2013
|
||
Greater Chicago area, IL and IN
|
|
1,751
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
|
319.4
|
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
|
182,395
|
|
|
1,868
|
|
18.3
|
|
2013
|
||
Orlando, FL
|
|
1,693
|
|
3.3
|
%
|
|
305.5
|
|
|
3.2
|
%
|
|
180,446
|
|
|
1,895
|
|
18.1
|
|
2014
|
||
Salt Lake City, UT
|
|
1,423
|
|
2.8
|
%
|
|
349.3
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
245,443
|
|
|
2,185
|
|
17.7
|
|
2014
|
||
San Antonio, TX
|
|
1,012
|
|
2.0
|
%
|
|
162.7
|
|
|
1.7
|
%
|
|
160,781
|
|
|
2,019
|
|
15.9
|
|
2014
|
||
Las Vegas, NV
|
|
1,041
|
|
2.0
|
%
|
|
186.7
|
|
|
2.0
|
%
|
|
179,359
|
|
|
1,844
|
|
16.6
|
|
2013
|
||
Charleston, SC
|
|
1,129
|
|
2.2
|
%
|
|
223.6
|
|
|
2.4
|
%
|
|
198,070
|
|
|
1,959
|
|
12.0
|
|
2015
|
||
Savannah/Hilton Head, SC
|
|
878
|
|
1.7
|
%
|
|
158.1
|
|
|
1.7
|
%
|
|
180,109
|
|
|
1,859
|
|
12.4
|
|
2015
|
||
Winston Salem, NC
|
|
813
|
|
1.6
|
%
|
|
125.9
|
|
|
1.3
|
%
|
|
154,845
|
|
|
1,748
|
|
15.9
|
|
2014
|
||
All Other (2)
|
|
6,621
|
|
12.9
|
%
|
|
1,378.0
|
|
|
14.6
|
%
|
|
208,122
|
|
|
1,924
|
|
15.6
|
|
2014
|
||
Total/Average
|
|
51,365
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
9,448.4
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
183,946
|
|
|
1,986
|
|
16.0
|
|
2014
|
(1)
|
Excludes 1,187 single-family properties classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2019.
|
(2)
|
Represents 15 markets in 14 states.
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Ordinary income (1)
|
|
Return of capital
|
|
Capital gains (2)
|
|
Total
|
|
Ordinary income (1)
|
|
Return of capital
|
|
Capital gains (2)
|
|
Total
|
||||||||
Common Shares
|
|
59.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
40.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
97.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Participating Preferred Shares:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Series C
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
97.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Perpetual Preferred Shares:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Series D
|
|
59.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
40.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
97.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Series E
|
|
59.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
40.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
97.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Series F
|
|
59.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
40.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
97.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Series G
|
|
59.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
40.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
97.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Series H
|
|
59.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
40.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
97.4
|
%
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
(1)
|
100.0% of the ordinary income dividends for the year are treated as IRS Code Section 199A qualified REIT dividend income.
|
(2)
|
Represents our designation to shareholders of the capital gain dividend amounts for the year pursuant to IRS Section 857(b)(3)(B).
|
Index
|
|
12/31/2014
|
|
12/31/2015
|
|
12/31/2016
|
|
12/31/2017
|
|
12/31/2018
|
|
12/31/2019
|
||||||||||||
American Homes 4 Rent
|
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
|
$
|
98.92
|
|
|
$
|
126.07
|
|
|
$
|
132.43
|
|
|
$
|
121.53
|
|
|
$
|
161.78
|
|
S&P 500
|
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
|
$
|
103.08
|
|
|
$
|
113.51
|
|
|
$
|
138.29
|
|
|
$
|
132.23
|
|
|
$
|
173.86
|
|
MSCI U.S. REIT
|
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
|
$
|
99.85
|
|
|
$
|
102.65
|
|
|
$
|
103.53
|
|
|
$
|
94.59
|
|
|
$
|
114.40
|
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
||||||||||
Operating Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Rents and other single-family property revenues
|
|
$
|
1,132,137
|
|
|
$
|
1,066,675
|
|
|
$
|
954,831
|
|
|
$
|
863,091
|
|
|
$
|
623,911
|
|
Property operating expenses
|
|
433,854
|
|
|
412,905
|
|
|
355,074
|
|
|
317,310
|
|
|
232,976
|
|
|||||
Property management expenses
|
|
86,908
|
|
|
74,573
|
|
|
69,712
|
|
|
70,724
|
|
|
60,343
|
|
|||||
General and administrative expense
|
|
43,206
|
|
|
36,575
|
|
|
34,732
|
|
|
33,068
|
|
|
26,867
|
|
|||||
Interest expense
|
|
127,114
|
|
|
122,900
|
|
|
112,620
|
|
|
130,847
|
|
|
89,413
|
|
|||||
Net income (loss)
|
|
156,260
|
|
|
112,438
|
|
|
76,492
|
|
|
10,446
|
|
|
(47,948
|
)
|
|||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
|
|
85,911
|
|
|
23,472
|
|
|
(22,135
|
)
|
|
(33,542
|
)
|
|
(84,577
|
)
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Basic
|
|
299,415,397
|
|
|
293,640,500
|
|
|
264,254,718
|
|
|
234,010,168
|
|
|
210,600,111
|
|
|||||
Diluted
|
|
299,918,966
|
|
|
294,268,330
|
|
|
264,254,718
|
|
|
234,010,168
|
|
|
210,600,111
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Basic
|
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.40
|
)
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.40
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Distributions declared per common share
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
|
As of December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Single-family properties in operation, net
|
|
$
|
7,986,276
|
|
|
$
|
8,020,597
|
|
|
$
|
8,029,177
|
|
|
$
|
7,460,426
|
|
|
$
|
6,289,938
|
|
Total assets
|
|
9,100,109
|
|
|
9,001,481
|
|
|
8,608,768
|
|
|
8,107,210
|
|
|
6,751,219
|
|
|||||
Revolving credit facilities and term loan facility, net
|
|
—
|
|
|
349,232
|
|
|
338,023
|
|
|
321,735
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
Asset-backed securitizations, net
|
|
1,945,044
|
|
|
1,961,511
|
|
|
1,977,308
|
|
|
2,442,863
|
|
|
2,473,643
|
|
|||||
Unsecured senior notes, net
|
|
888,453
|
|
|
492,800
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
Exchangeable senior notes, net
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
111,697
|
|
|
108,148
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
Secured note payable
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
48,859
|
|
|
49,828
|
|
|
50,752
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities
|
|
3,081,319
|
|
|
3,027,739
|
|
|
2,732,944
|
|
|
3,169,590
|
|
|
2,815,986
|
|
|||||
Total shareholders' equity
|
|
5,335,426
|
|
|
5,251,965
|
|
|
5,149,629
|
|
|
4,192,936
|
|
|
3,259,345
|
|
|||||
Noncontrolling interest
|
|
683,364
|
|
|
721,777
|
|
|
726,195
|
|
|
744,684
|
|
|
675,888
|
|
|||||
Total equity
|
|
6,018,790
|
|
|
5,973,742
|
|
|
5,875,824
|
|
|
4,937,620
|
|
|
3,935,233
|
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||
(Amounts in thousands, except property data)
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
||||||||||
Other Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Cash flows provided by (used for):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Operating activities
|
|
$
|
457,887
|
|
|
$
|
410,882
|
|
|
$
|
385,961
|
|
|
$
|
278,867
|
|
|
$
|
212,307
|
|
Investing activities
|
|
(376,866
|
)
|
|
(674,408
|
)
|
|
(837,479
|
)
|
|
(522,398
|
)
|
|
(861,800
|
)
|
|||||
Financing activities
|
|
(92,116
|
)
|
|
255,917
|
|
|
384,100
|
|
|
324,804
|
|
|
632,476
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Total single-family properties at end of period
|
|
52,552
|
|
|
52,783
|
|
|
51,239
|
|
|
48,422
|
|
|
38,780
|
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||
(Amounts in thousands, except unit and per unit data)
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
||||||||||
Operating Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Rents and other single-family property revenues
|
|
$
|
1,132,137
|
|
|
$
|
1,066,675
|
|
|
$
|
954,831
|
|
|
$
|
863,091
|
|
|
$
|
623,911
|
|
Property operating expenses
|
|
433,854
|
|
|
412,905
|
|
|
355,074
|
|
|
317,310
|
|
|
232,976
|
|
|||||
Property management expenses
|
|
86,908
|
|
|
74,573
|
|
|
69,712
|
|
|
70,724
|
|
|
60,343
|
|
|||||
General and administrative expense
|
|
43,206
|
|
|
36,575
|
|
|
34,732
|
|
|
33,068
|
|
|
26,867
|
|
|||||
Interest expense
|
|
127,114
|
|
|
122,900
|
|
|
112,620
|
|
|
130,847
|
|
|
89,413
|
|
|||||
Net income (loss)
|
|
156,260
|
|
|
112,438
|
|
|
76,492
|
|
|
10,446
|
|
|
(47,948
|
)
|
|||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders
|
|
101,132
|
|
|
27,896
|
|
|
(26,783
|
)
|
|
(39,959
|
)
|
|
(90,279
|
)
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Weighted-average common units outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Basic
|
|
352,460,401
|
|
|
348,990,561
|
|
|
319,753,206
|
|
|
277,912,532
|
|
|
225,040,781
|
|
|||||
Diluted
|
|
352,963,970
|
|
|
349,618,391
|
|
|
319,753,206
|
|
|
277,912,532
|
|
|
225,040,781
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders per unit:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Basic
|
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.40
|
)
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.40
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Distributions declared per common unit
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
|
As of December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Single-family properties in operation, net
|
|
$
|
7,986,276
|
|
|
$
|
8,020,597
|
|
|
$
|
8,029,177
|
|
|
$
|
7,460,426
|
|
|
$
|
6,289,938
|
|
Total assets
|
|
9,100,109
|
|
|
9,001,481
|
|
|
8,608,768
|
|
|
8,107,210
|
|
|
6,751,219
|
|
|||||
Revolving credit facilities and term loan facility, net
|
|
—
|
|
|
349,232
|
|
|
338,023
|
|
|
321,735
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
Asset-backed securitizations, net
|
|
1,945,044
|
|
|
1,961,511
|
|
|
1,977,308
|
|
|
2,442,863
|
|
|
2,473,643
|
|
|||||
Unsecured senior notes, net
|
|
888,453
|
|
|
492,800
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
Exchangeable senior notes, net
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
111,697
|
|
|
108,148
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
Secured note payable
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
48,859
|
|
|
49,828
|
|
|
50,752
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities
|
|
3,081,319
|
|
|
3,027,739
|
|
|
2,732,944
|
|
|
3,169,590
|
|
|
2,815,986
|
|
|||||
Total partners' capital
|
|
6,018,790
|
|
|
5,973,742
|
|
|
5,877,173
|
|
|
4,939,110
|
|
|
3,935,931
|
|
|||||
Noncontrolling interest
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(1,349
|
)
|
|
(1,490
|
)
|
|
(698
|
)
|
|||||
Total capital
|
|
6,018,790
|
|
|
5,973,742
|
|
|
5,875,824
|
|
|
4,937,620
|
|
|
3,935,233
|
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||
(Amounts in thousands, except property data)
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
||||||||||
Other Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Cash flows provided by (used for):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Operating activities
|
|
$
|
457,887
|
|
|
$
|
410,882
|
|
|
$
|
385,961
|
|
|
$
|
278,867
|
|
|
$
|
212,307
|
|
Investing activities
|
|
(376,866
|
)
|
|
(674,408
|
)
|
|
(837,479
|
)
|
|
(522,398
|
)
|
|
(861,800
|
)
|
|||||
Financing activities
|
|
(92,116
|
)
|
|
255,917
|
|
|
384,100
|
|
|
324,804
|
|
|
632,476
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Total single-family properties at end of period
|
|
52,552
|
|
|
52,783
|
|
|
51,239
|
|
|
48,422
|
|
|
38,780
|
|
Market
|
|
Number of Single-Family Properties (1)
|
|
% of Total Single-Family Properties
|
|
Gross Book Value (millions)
|
|
% of Gross Book Value Total
|
|
Avg. Gross Book Value per Property
|
|
Avg.
Sq. Ft. |
|
Avg. Property Age (years)
|
|
Avg. Year
Purchased |
|||||||||
Atlanta, GA
|
|
4,779
|
|
|
9.3
|
%
|
|
$
|
854.9
|
|
|
9.1
|
%
|
|
$
|
178,876
|
|
|
2,161
|
|
|
17.4
|
|
|
2015
|
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX
|
|
4,314
|
|
|
8.4
|
%
|
|
712.1
|
|
|
7.5
|
%
|
|
165,058
|
|
|
2,116
|
|
|
15.8
|
|
|
2014
|
||
Charlotte, NC
|
|
3,681
|
|
|
7.2
|
%
|
|
710.6
|
|
|
7.5
|
%
|
|
193,044
|
|
|
2,095
|
|
|
15.8
|
|
|
2015
|
||
Phoenix, AZ
|
|
3,088
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
|
539.6
|
|
|
5.6
|
%
|
|
174,750
|
|
|
1,835
|
|
|
16.3
|
|
|
2015
|
||
Houston, TX
|
|
3,053
|
|
|
5.9
|
%
|
|
501.6
|
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
|
164,294
|
|
|
2,093
|
|
|
14.0
|
|
|
2014
|
||
Indianapolis, IN
|
|
2,807
|
|
|
5.5
|
%
|
|
430.7
|
|
|
4.6
|
%
|
|
153,422
|
|
|
1,930
|
|
|
17.2
|
|
|
2013
|
||
Nashville, TN
|
|
2,741
|
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
|
579.6
|
|
|
6.1
|
%
|
|
211,440
|
|
|
2,113
|
|
|
15.0
|
|
|
2015
|
||
Jacksonville, FL
|
|
2,233
|
|
|
4.3
|
%
|
|
393.1
|
|
|
4.2
|
%
|
|
176,056
|
|
|
1,940
|
|
|
14.6
|
|
|
2014
|
||
Tampa, FL
|
|
2,243
|
|
|
4.4
|
%
|
|
443.3
|
|
|
4.7
|
%
|
|
197,632
|
|
|
1,945
|
|
|
14.9
|
|
|
2015
|
||
Raleigh, NC
|
|
2,062
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
379.1
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
183,860
|
|
|
1,875
|
|
|
14.9
|
|
|
2014
|
||
Columbus, OH
|
|
2,030
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
349.4
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
172,111
|
|
|
1,870
|
|
|
18.0
|
|
|
2015
|
||
Cincinnati, OH
|
|
1,973
|
|
|
3.8
|
%
|
|
345.2
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
174,984
|
|
|
1,851
|
|
|
17.5
|
|
|
2013
|
||
Greater Chicago area, IL and IN
|
|
1,751
|
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
|
319.4
|
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
|
182,395
|
|
|
1,868
|
|
|
18.3
|
|
|
2013
|
||
Orlando, FL
|
|
1,693
|
|
|
3.3
|
%
|
|
305.5
|
|
|
3.2
|
%
|
|
180,446
|
|
|
1,895
|
|
|
18.1
|
|
|
2014
|
||
Salt Lake City, UT
|
|
1,423
|
|
|
2.8
|
%
|
|
349.3
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
245,443
|
|
|
2,185
|
|
|
17.7
|
|
|
2014
|
||
San Antonio, TX
|
|
1,012
|
|
|
2.0
|
%
|
|
162.7
|
|
|
1.7
|
%
|
|
160,781
|
|
|
2,019
|
|
|
15.9
|
|
|
2014
|
||
Las Vegas, NV
|
|
1,041
|
|
|
2.0
|
%
|
|
186.7
|
|
|
2.0
|
%
|
|
179,359
|
|
|
1,844
|
|
|
16.6
|
|
|
2013
|
||
Charleston, SC
|
|
1,129
|
|
|
2.2
|
%
|
|
223.6
|
|
|
2.4
|
%
|
|
198,070
|
|
|
1,959
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
|
2015
|
||
Savannah/Hilton Head, SC
|
|
878
|
|
|
1.7
|
%
|
|
158.1
|
|
|
1.7
|
%
|
|
180,109
|
|
|
1,859
|
|
|
12.4
|
|
|
2015
|
||
Winston Salem, NC
|
|
813
|
|
|
1.6
|
%
|
|
125.9
|
|
|
1.3
|
%
|
|
154,845
|
|
|
1,748
|
|
|
15.9
|
|
|
2014
|
||
All Other (2)
|
|
6,621
|
|
|
12.9
|
%
|
|
1,378.0
|
|
|
14.6
|
%
|
|
208,122
|
|
|
1,924
|
|
|
15.6
|
|
|
2014
|
||
Total/Average
|
|
51,365
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
9,448.4
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
183,946
|
|
|
1,986
|
|
|
16.0
|
|
|
2014
|
(1)
|
Excludes 1,187 properties held for sale as of December 31, 2019.
|
(2)
|
Represents 15 markets in 14 states.
|
|
|
Total Single-Family Properties (1)
|
||||||||||||
Market
|
|
Avg. Occupied Days Percentage (2)
|
|
Avg. Monthly Realized Rent per property (3)
|
|
Avg. Original Lease Term (months) (4)
|
|
Avg. Remaining Lease Term (months) (4)
|
|
Avg. Blended Change in Rent (5)
|
||||
Atlanta, GA
|
|
95.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,617
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
5.8
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX
|
|
94.9
|
%
|
|
1,772
|
|
|
12.1
|
|
6.1
|
|
3.3
|
%
|
|
Charlotte, NC
|
|
94.8
|
%
|
|
1,607
|
|
|
12.3
|
|
6.2
|
|
3.5
|
%
|
|
Phoenix, AZ
|
|
95.9
|
%
|
|
1,434
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
5.7
|
|
7.9
|
%
|
|
Houston, TX
|
|
94.2
|
%
|
|
1,655
|
|
|
12.4
|
|
6.2
|
|
2.7
|
%
|
|
Indianapolis, IN
|
|
95.1
|
%
|
|
1,437
|
|
|
11.9
|
|
5.7
|
|
3.9
|
%
|
|
Nashville, TN
|
|
94.4
|
%
|
|
1,747
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
5.6
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
|
Jacksonville, FL
|
|
95.3
|
%
|
|
1,592
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
5.8
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
Tampa, FL
|
|
94.9
|
%
|
|
1,734
|
|
|
12.1
|
|
6.1
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
|
Raleigh, NC
|
|
94.6
|
%
|
|
1,544
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
6.2
|
|
3.5
|
%
|
|
Columbus, OH
|
|
96.3
|
%
|
|
1,647
|
|
|
11.9
|
|
6.0
|
|
4.6
|
%
|
|
Cincinnati, OH
|
|
95.4
|
%
|
|
1,617
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
6.2
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
Greater Chicago area, IL and IN
|
|
96.2
|
%
|
|
1,880
|
|
|
12.1
|
|
6.0
|
|
3.2
|
%
|
|
Orlando, FL
|
|
95.7
|
%
|
|
1,693
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
6.2
|
|
4.8
|
%
|
|
Salt Lake City, UT
|
|
96.2
|
%
|
|
1,774
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
5.6
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
|
San Antonio, TX
|
|
94.1
|
%
|
|
1,559
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
5.7
|
|
2.4
|
%
|
|
Las Vegas, NV
|
|
96.1
|
%
|
|
1,576
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
5.9
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
|
Charleston, SC
|
|
94.9
|
%
|
|
1,701
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
6.3
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
Savannah/Hilton Head, SC
|
|
95.3
|
%
|
|
1,565
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
6.0
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
Winston Salem, NC
|
|
95.6
|
%
|
|
1,369
|
|
|
12.1
|
|
5.9
|
|
4.7
|
%
|
|
All Other (6)
|
|
95.2
|
%
|
|
1,701
|
|
|
12.0
|
|
6.2
|
|
4.6
|
%
|
|
Total / Average
|
|
95.2
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,641
|
|
|
12.1
|
|
6.0
|
|
4.2
|
%
|
(1)
|
Leasing information excludes 1,187 properties held for sale as of December 31, 2019.
|
(2)
|
For the year ended December 31, 2019, Average Occupied Days Percentage represents the number of days a property is occupied in the period divided by the total number of days the property is owned during the same period.
|
(3)
|
For the year ended December 31, 2019, Average Monthly Realized Rent is calculated as the lease component of rents and other single-family property revenues (i.e., rents from single-family properties) divided by the product of (a) number of properties and (b) Average Occupied Days Percentage, divided by the number of months. For properties partially owned during the year, this is adjusted to reflect the number of days of ownership.
|
(4)
|
Average Original Lease Term and Average Remaining Lease Term are reflected as of period end.
|
(5)
|
Represents the percentage change in rent on all non-month-to-month lease renewals and re-leases during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the annual rent of the previously expired non-month-to-month lease for each property.
|
(6)
|
Represents 15 markets in 14 states.
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Same-Home
Properties (1) |
|
% of
Core Revenue |
|
Non-Same-Home and Other Properties
|
|
% of
Core Revenue |
|
Total
Properties |
|
% of
Core Revenue |
|||||||||
Rents from single-family properties
|
$
|
750,164
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
217,245
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
967,409
|
|
|
|
|||
Fees from single-family properties
|
10,398
|
|
|
|
|
3,437
|
|
|
|
|
13,835
|
|
|
|
||||||
Bad debt expense
|
(6,761
|
)
|
|
|
|
(2,197
|
)
|
|
|
|
(8,958
|
)
|
|
|
||||||
Core revenues
|
753,801
|
|
|
|
|
218,485
|
|
|
|
|
972,286
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Property tax expense
|
131,812
|
|
|
17.5
|
%
|
|
40,970
|
|
|
18.8
|
%
|
|
172,782
|
|
|
17.8
|
%
|
|||
HOA fees, net (2)
|
15,237
|
|
|
2.0
|
%
|
|
5,231
|
|
|
2.4
|
%
|
|
20,468
|
|
|
2.1
|
%
|
|||
R&M and turnover costs, net (2)
|
59,589
|
|
|
7.9
|
%
|
|
17,505
|
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
|
77,094
|
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
|||
Insurance
|
6,768
|
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
|
2,255
|
|
|
1.0
|
%
|
|
9,023
|
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
|||
Property management expenses, net (3)
|
61,177
|
|
|
8.1
|
%
|
|
19,025
|
|
|
8.7
|
%
|
|
80,202
|
|
|
8.2
|
%
|
|||
Core property operating expenses
|
274,583
|
|
|
36.4
|
%
|
|
84,986
|
|
|
38.9
|
%
|
|
359,569
|
|
|
37.0
|
%
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Core NOI
|
$
|
479,218
|
|
|
63.6
|
%
|
|
$
|
133,499
|
|
|
61.1
|
%
|
|
$
|
612,717
|
|
|
63.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Same-Home
Properties (1) |
|
% of
Core Revenue |
|
Non-Same-Home and Other Properties
|
|
% of
Core Revenue |
|
Total
Properties |
|
% of
Core Revenue |
|||||||||
Rents from single-family properties
|
$
|
722,415
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
186,521
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
908,936
|
|
|
|
|||
Fees from single-family properties
|
8,286
|
|
|
|
|
2,660
|
|
|
|
|
10,946
|
|
|
|
||||||
Bad debt expense
|
(6,856
|
)
|
|
|
|
(1,876
|
)
|
|
|
|
(8,732
|
)
|
|
|
||||||
Core revenues
|
723,845
|
|
|
|
|
187,305
|
|
|
|
|
911,150
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Property tax expense
|
124,165
|
|
|
17.2
|
%
|
|
36,484
|
|
|
19.5
|
%
|
|
160,649
|
|
|
17.6
|
%
|
|||
HOA fees, net (2)
|
15,478
|
|
|
2.1
|
%
|
|
4,595
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
|
20,073
|
|
|
2.2
|
%
|
|||
R&M and turnover costs, net (2)
|
56,004
|
|
|
7.8
|
%
|
|
17,394
|
|
|
9.3
|
%
|
|
73,398
|
|
|
8.1
|
%
|
|||
Insurance
|
6,445
|
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
|
1,923
|
|
|
1.0
|
%
|
|
8,368
|
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
|||
Property management expenses, net (3)
|
59,595
|
|
|
8.2
|
%
|
|
16,496
|
|
|
8.8
|
%
|
|
76,091
|
|
|
8.4
|
%
|
|||
Core property operating expenses
|
261,687
|
|
|
36.2
|
%
|
|
76,892
|
|
|
41.1
|
%
|
|
338,579
|
|
|
37.2
|
%
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Core NOI
|
$
|
462,158
|
|
|
63.8
|
%
|
|
$
|
110,413
|
|
|
58.9
|
%
|
|
$
|
572,571
|
|
|
62.8
|
%
|
(1)
|
Includes 40,355 properties that have been stabilized longer than 90 days prior to January 1, 2018.
|
(2)
|
Presented net of tenant charge-backs.
|
(3)
|
Presented net of tenant charge-backs and excludes noncash share-based compensation expense related to centralized and field property management employees. Property management expenses, net for the 2018 period also includes an adjustment for the portion of leasing costs that were previously capitalized that would be expensed under the new lease Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019.
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
||||
Core revenues and Same-Home core revenues
|
|
|
|
||||
Total revenues
|
$
|
1,143,378
|
|
|
$
|
1,072,855
|
|
Tenant charge-backs
|
(159,851
|
)
|
|
(146,793
|
)
|
||
Other revenues
|
(11,241
|
)
|
|
(6,180
|
)
|
||
Bad debt expense
|
—
|
|
|
(8,732
|
)
|
||
Core revenues
|
972,286
|
|
|
911,150
|
|
||
Less: Non-Same-Home core revenues
|
218,485
|
|
|
187,305
|
|
||
Same-Home core revenues
|
$
|
753,801
|
|
|
$
|
723,845
|
|
Core property operating expenses and Same-Home core property operating expenses
|
|
|
|
||||
Property operating expenses
|
$
|
433,854
|
|
|
$
|
412,905
|
|
Property management expenses
|
86,908
|
|
|
74,573
|
|
||
Noncash share-based compensation - property management
|
(1,342
|
)
|
|
(1,358
|
)
|
||
Expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs
|
(159,851
|
)
|
|
(146,793
|
)
|
||
Bad debt expense
|
—
|
|
|
(8,732
|
)
|
||
Internal leasing costs (1)
|
—
|
|
|
7,984
|
|
||
Core property operating expenses
|
359,569
|
|
|
338,579
|
|
||
Less: Non-Same-Home core property operating expenses
|
84,986
|
|
|
76,892
|
|
||
Same-Home core property operating expenses
|
$
|
274,583
|
|
|
$
|
261,687
|
|
Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI
|
|
|
|
||||
Net income
|
$
|
156,260
|
|
|
$
|
112,438
|
|
Remeasurement of participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
(1,212
|
)
|
||
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
|
659
|
|
|
1,447
|
|
||
Gain on sale of single-family properties and other, net
|
(43,873
|
)
|
|
(17,946
|
)
|
||
Depreciation and amortization
|
329,293
|
|
|
318,685
|
|
||
Acquisition and other transaction costs
|
3,224
|
|
|
5,225
|
|
||
Noncash share-based compensation - property management
|
1,342
|
|
|
1,358
|
|
||
Interest expense
|
127,114
|
|
|
122,900
|
|
||
General and administrative expense
|
43,206
|
|
|
36,575
|
|
||
Other expenses
|
6,733
|
|
|
7,265
|
|
||
Other revenues
|
(11,241
|
)
|
|
(6,180
|
)
|
||
Internal leasing costs (1)
|
—
|
|
|
(7,984
|
)
|
||
Core NOI
|
612,717
|
|
|
572,571
|
|
||
Less: Non-Same-Home Core NOI
|
133,499
|
|
|
110,413
|
|
||
Same-Home Core NOI
|
$
|
479,218
|
|
|
$
|
462,158
|
|
(1)
|
Adjustment amount reflects the portion of leasing costs that were previously capitalized that would be expensed under the new lease accounting standard ASU 2016-02, adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019.
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
Change
|
||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
$
|
457,887
|
|
|
$
|
410,882
|
|
|
$
|
47,005
|
|
Net cash used for investing activities
|
(376,866
|
)
|
|
(674,408
|
)
|
|
297,542
|
|
|||
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities
|
(92,116
|
)
|
|
255,917
|
|
|
(348,033
|
)
|
|||
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
|
$
|
(11,095
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,609
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,486
|
)
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
Change
|
||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
|||||||
Sources of cash from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Net proceeds received from sales of single-family properties and other
|
$
|
221,930
|
|
|
$
|
106,157
|
|
|
$
|
115,773
|
|
Distributions from joint ventures
|
22,561
|
|
|
36,917
|
|
|
(14,356
|
)
|
|||
Proceeds received from hurricane-related insurance claims
|
2,171
|
|
|
4,522
|
|
|
(2,351
|
)
|
|||
|
$
|
246,662
|
|
|
$
|
147,596
|
|
|
$
|
99,066
|
|
Uses of cash for investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Cash paid for development activity
|
$
|
(383,271
|
)
|
|
$
|
(215,797
|
)
|
|
$
|
(167,474
|
)
|
Cash paid for single-family properties
|
(120,487
|
)
|
|
(489,625
|
)
|
|
369,138
|
|
|||
Change in escrow deposits for purchase of single-family properties
|
(7,171
|
)
|
|
1,818
|
|
|
(8,989
|
)
|
|||
Recurring and other capital expenditures for single-family properties
|
(71,481
|
)
|
|
(54,465
|
)
|
|
(17,016
|
)
|
|||
Renovations to single-family properties
|
(21,883
|
)
|
|
(52,379
|
)
|
|
30,496
|
|
|||
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
|
(13,114
|
)
|
|
(8,400
|
)
|
|
(4,714
|
)
|
|||
Other purchases of productive assets
|
(6,121
|
)
|
|
(3,156
|
)
|
|
(2,965
|
)
|
|||
|
$
|
(623,528
|
)
|
|
$
|
(822,004
|
)
|
|
$
|
198,476
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net cash used for investing activities
|
$
|
(376,866
|
)
|
|
$
|
(674,408
|
)
|
|
$
|
297,542
|
|
|
|
|
Payments by Period
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Total
|
|
Less than 1 year
|
|
1-3 years
|
|
3-5 years
|
|
After 5 years
|
||||||||||
Revolving credit facility (1)
|
$
|
5,000
|
|
|
$
|
2,000
|
|
|
$
|
3,000
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Asset-backed securitizations (2)
|
1,970,993
|
|
|
20,714
|
|
|
41,428
|
|
|
976,589
|
|
|
932,262
|
|
|||||
Unsecured senior notes (2)
|
900,000
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
900,000
|
|
|||||
Interest on debt obligations (3)
|
789,399
|
|
|
126,580
|
|
|
250,819
|
|
|
243,921
|
|
|
168,079
|
|
|||||
Operating lease obligations
|
4,110
|
|
|
1,792
|
|
|
1,719
|
|
|
590
|
|
|
9
|
|
|||||
Purchase obligations (4)
|
119,395
|
|
|
119,395
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
Total
|
$
|
3,788,897
|
|
|
$
|
270,481
|
|
|
$
|
296,966
|
|
|
$
|
1,221,100
|
|
|
$
|
2,000,350
|
|
(1)
|
Includes the 0.25% annual commitment fee on the principal amount of the commitments of $800.0 million.
|
(2)
|
Amounts represent principal amounts due and exclude unamortized discounts and deferred financing costs.
|
(3)
|
Represents estimated future interest payments on our debt instruments based on applicable interest rates as of December 31, 2019 and assumes the repayment of the AMH 2015-1 and 2015-2 securitizations on their anticipated repayment dates in 2025. The fully extended maturity dates for the AMH 2015-1 and 2015-2 securitizations are in 2045 and the interest rates increase on the anticipated repayment dates in 2025. If the AMH 2015-1 and 2015-2 securitizations are not repaid on the anticipated repayment dates in 2025, our interest on debt obligations above would increase.
|
(4)
|
Represents commitments to acquire 289 single-family properties for an aggregate purchase price of $75.1 million, as well as $44.3 million in land purchase commitments.
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
||||
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
85,911
|
|
|
$
|
23,472
|
|
Adjustments:
|
|
|
|
||||
Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
|
15,221
|
|
|
4,424
|
|
||
Net (gain) on sale / impairment of single-family properties and other
|
(40,210
|
)
|
|
(12,088
|
)
|
||
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures
|
1,797
|
|
|
—
|
|
||
Depreciation and amortization
|
329,293
|
|
|
318,685
|
|
||
Less: depreciation and amortization of non-real estate assets
|
(7,933
|
)
|
|
(7,352
|
)
|
||
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders
|
$
|
384,079
|
|
|
$
|
327,141
|
|
Adjustments:
|
|
|
|
||||
Internal leasing costs (1)
|
—
|
|
|
(7,984
|
)
|
||
Acquisition and other transaction costs
|
3,224
|
|
|
5,225
|
|
||
Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative
|
3,466
|
|
|
2,075
|
|
||
Noncash share-based compensation - property management
|
1,342
|
|
|
1,358
|
|
||
Noncash interest expense related to acquired debt
|
—
|
|
|
3,303
|
|
||
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
|
659
|
|
|
1,447
|
|
||
Remeasurement of participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
(1,212
|
)
|
||
Redemption of participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
32,215
|
|
||
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders
|
$
|
392,770
|
|
|
$
|
363,568
|
|
Recurring capital expenditures (2)
|
(39,997
|
)
|
|
(35,888
|
)
|
||
Leasing costs
|
(4,095
|
)
|
|
(12,603
|
)
|
||
Internal leasing costs (1)
|
—
|
|
|
7,984
|
|
||
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders
|
$
|
348,678
|
|
|
$
|
323,061
|
|
(1)
|
Adjustment amount reflects the portion of leasing costs that were previously capitalized and treated as a reduction to Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders that would be expensed under the new lease accounting standard ASU 2016-02, adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019.
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
||||
Net income
|
$
|
156,260
|
|
|
$
|
112,438
|
|
Interest expense
|
127,114
|
|
|
122,900
|
|
||
Depreciation and amortization
|
329,293
|
|
|
318,685
|
|
||
EBITDA
|
$
|
612,667
|
|
|
$
|
554,023
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net (gain) on sale / impairment of single-family properties and other
|
(40,210
|
)
|
|
(12,088
|
)
|
||
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures
|
1,797
|
|
|
—
|
|
||
EBITDAre
|
$
|
574,254
|
|
|
$
|
541,935
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative
|
3,466
|
|
|
2,075
|
|
||
Noncash share-based compensation - property management
|
1,342
|
|
|
1,358
|
|
||
Acquisition and other transaction costs
|
3,224
|
|
|
5,225
|
|
||
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
|
659
|
|
|
1,447
|
|
||
Remeasurement of participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
(1,212
|
)
|
||
Adjusted EBITDAre
|
$
|
582,945
|
|
|
$
|
550,828
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Recurring capital expenditures (1)
|
(39,997
|
)
|
|
(35,888
|
)
|
||
Leasing costs
|
(4,095
|
)
|
|
(12,603
|
)
|
||
Adjusted EBITDAre after Capex and Leasing Costs
|
$
|
538,853
|
|
|
$
|
502,337
|
|
(1)
|
As a portion of our homes are recently developed, acquired and/or renovated, we estimate recurring capital expenditures for our entire portfolio by multiplying (a) current period actual recurring capital expenditures per Same-Home Property by (b) our total number of properties, excluding newly acquired non-stabilized properties and properties classified as held for sale.
|
|
Expected Maturity Date
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2020
|
|
2021
|
|
2022
|
|
2023
|
|
2024
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
Total
|
|
Estimated Fair Value
|
||||||||||||||||
Fixed rate debt
|
$
|
20,714
|
|
|
$
|
20,714
|
|
|
$
|
20,714
|
|
|
$
|
20,714
|
|
|
$
|
955,875
|
|
|
$
|
1,832,262
|
|
|
$
|
2,870,993
|
|
|
$
|
2,981,475
|
|
Weighted-average interest rate
|
4.42
|
%
|
|
4.43
|
%
|
|
4.43
|
%
|
|
4.44
|
%
|
|
4.51
|
%
|
|
4.56
|
%
|
|
4.47
|
%
|
|
|
Plan Category
|
|
Number of securities to
be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
|
Weighted-average
exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
|
Number of securities
remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans |
||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
|
|
1,529,800
|
|
|
$
|
17.40
|
|
|
1,772,891
|
|
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
(1)
|
The Company’s equity compensation plan, the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, is described more fully in Note 10. Share-Based Compensation to the consolidated financial statements included as a separate section in Part IV, “Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The 2012 Equity Incentive Plan was approved by the Company’s shareholders.
|
|
Page
|
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
|
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements:
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Capital for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
|
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2019
|
Exhibit
Number
|
|
Exhibit Document
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
Number
|
|
Exhibit Document
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.10
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.11
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.14
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.15
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.16
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.17
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
Number
|
|
Exhibit Document
|
10.18
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.19
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.20
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.21
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.22
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.23
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.24
|
†
|
|
|
|
|
10.25
|
†
|
|
|
|
|
10.26
|
†
|
|
|
|
|
10.27
|
†
|
|
|
|
|
10.28
|
†
|
|
|
|
|
10.29
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.30
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.31
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.32
|
|
|
|
|
|
21.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
23.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
24.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
Number
|
|
Exhibit Document
|
32.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
101.INS
|
|
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
|
|
|
|
101.SCH
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
|
|
|
|
101.CAL
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
|
|
|
|
101.DEF
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
|
|
|
|
101.LAB
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
|
|
|
|
101.PRE
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
|
|
|
|
104
|
|
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
|
|
|
Purchase Price Accounting
|
Description of the Matter
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of 451 single-family properties for a total purchase price of $118.5 million. As explained in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the transactions were accounted for as asset acquisitions, and as such, are recorded at the price to acquire the single-family property, including acquisition costs. The purchase price is allocated to land and building based upon the relative fair values of the acquired land and building which were determined using the Company’s own knowledge obtained from published market data such as county tax assessment records and supplemented by the Company’s historical cost to construct a home.
Auditing the accounting for the Company’s 2019 acquisitions of single-family properties was challenging because the determination of the relative fair values of the acquired land and building involved a higher degree of subjectivity due to the lack of availability of direct comparable land market information.
|
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
|
|
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over management’s accounting for acquired single-family properties, including controls over the review of assumptions underlying the purchase price allocation and accuracy of the underlying data used. For example, we tested controls over the determination of the fair value of the land and building assets and underlying assumptions used to develop those estimates. Management’s review of the allocated values included use of historical data and current internal construction costs to validate the reasonableness of the allocated land values.
For the 2019 single-family property acquisitions described above, our procedures included, among others, an evaluation of the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company and an evaluation of the sensitivity of changes in the significant assumptions on the purchase price allocation. For a sample of acquisitions, we read the purchase and sale agreements and tested the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data supporting the significant assumptions and estimates. For example, on a sub-market basis, we compared the allocated land and building values to the historical results of single-family properties acquired in the prior years. We also performed a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact on the Company’s financial statements resulting from changes in allocated land values. In addition, for certain of these asset acquisitions, our valuation specialists performed corroborative calculations to assess whether the conclusions in the valuation were supported by observable market data. Specifically, our valuation specialists utilized alternative data sources to develop a range of independent estimates of the land and building fair values to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s allocated land and building values.
|
|
December 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
||||
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Single-family properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Land
|
$
|
1,756,504
|
|
|
$
|
1,713,496
|
|
Buildings and improvements
|
7,691,877
|
|
|
7,483,600
|
|
||
Single-family properties in operation
|
9,448,381
|
|
|
9,197,096
|
|
||
Less: accumulated depreciation
|
(1,462,105
|
)
|
|
(1,176,499
|
)
|
||
Single-family properties in operation, net
|
7,986,276
|
|
|
8,020,597
|
|
||
Single-family properties under development and development land
|
355,427
|
|
|
153,651
|
|
||
Single-family properties held for sale, net
|
209,828
|
|
|
318,327
|
|
||
Total real estate assets, net
|
8,551,531
|
|
|
8,492,575
|
|
||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
37,575
|
|
|
30,284
|
|
||
Restricted cash
|
126,544
|
|
|
144,930
|
|
||
Rent and other receivables, net
|
29,618
|
|
|
29,027
|
|
||
Escrow deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets
|
202,056
|
|
|
146,034
|
|
||
Deferred costs and other intangibles, net
|
6,840
|
|
|
12,686
|
|
||
Asset-backed securitization certificates
|
25,666
|
|
|
25,666
|
|
||
Goodwill
|
120,279
|
|
|
120,279
|
|
||
Total assets
|
$
|
9,100,109
|
|
|
$
|
9,001,481
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Revolving credit facility
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
250,000
|
|
Term loan facility, net
|
—
|
|
|
99,232
|
|
||
Asset-backed securitizations, net
|
1,945,044
|
|
|
1,961,511
|
|
||
Unsecured senior notes, net
|
888,453
|
|
|
492,800
|
|
||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
243,193
|
|
|
219,229
|
|
||
Amounts payable to affiliates
|
4,629
|
|
|
4,967
|
|
||
Total liabilities
|
3,081,319
|
|
|
3,027,739
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 14)
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Shareholders' equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Class A common shares ($0.01 par value per share, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 300,107,599
and 296,014,546 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively) |
3,001
|
|
|
2,960
|
|
||
Class B common shares ($0.01 par value per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 635,075 shares
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018) |
6
|
|
|
6
|
|
||
Preferred shares ($0.01 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 35,350,000 shares
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018) |
354
|
|
|
354
|
|
||
Additional paid-in capital
|
5,790,775
|
|
|
5,732,466
|
|
||
Accumulated deficit
|
(465,368
|
)
|
|
(491,214
|
)
|
||
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
6,658
|
|
|
7,393
|
|
||
Total shareholders' equity
|
5,335,426
|
|
|
5,251,965
|
|
||
Noncontrolling interest
|
683,364
|
|
|
721,777
|
|
||
Total equity
|
6,018,790
|
|
|
5,973,742
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Total liabilities and equity
|
$
|
9,100,109
|
|
|
$
|
9,001,481
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Rents and other single-family property revenues
|
$
|
1,132,137
|
|
|
$
|
1,066,675
|
|
|
$
|
954,831
|
|
Other
|
11,241
|
|
|
6,180
|
|
|
5,568
|
|
|||
Total revenues
|
1,143,378
|
|
|
1,072,855
|
|
|
960,399
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Property operating expenses
|
433,854
|
|
|
412,905
|
|
|
355,074
|
|
|||
Property management expenses
|
86,908
|
|
|
74,573
|
|
|
69,712
|
|
|||
General and administrative expense
|
43,206
|
|
|
36,575
|
|
|
34,732
|
|
|||
Interest expense
|
127,114
|
|
|
122,900
|
|
|
112,620
|
|
|||
Acquisition and other transaction costs
|
3,224
|
|
|
5,225
|
|
|
4,623
|
|
|||
Depreciation and amortization
|
329,293
|
|
|
318,685
|
|
|
297,290
|
|
|||
Hurricane-related charges, net
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
7,963
|
|
|||
Other
|
6,733
|
|
|
7,265
|
|
|
5,005
|
|
|||
Total expenses
|
1,030,332
|
|
|
978,128
|
|
|
887,019
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Gain on sale of single-family properties and other, net
|
43,873
|
|
|
17,946
|
|
|
6,826
|
|
|||
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
|
(659
|
)
|
|
(1,447
|
)
|
|
(6,555
|
)
|
|||
Remeasurement of participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
1,212
|
|
|
2,841
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net income
|
156,260
|
|
|
112,438
|
|
|
76,492
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Noncontrolling interest
|
15,221
|
|
|
4,165
|
|
|
(4,507
|
)
|
|||
Dividends on preferred shares
|
55,128
|
|
|
52,586
|
|
|
60,718
|
|
|||
Redemption of participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
32,215
|
|
|
42,416
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
85,911
|
|
|
$
|
23,472
|
|
|
$
|
(22,135
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Basic
|
299,415,397
|
|
|
293,640,500
|
|
|
264,254,718
|
|
|||
Diluted
|
299,918,966
|
|
|
294,268,330
|
|
|
264,254,718
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Basic
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
Diluted
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Net income
|
$
|
156,260
|
|
|
$
|
112,438
|
|
|
$
|
76,492
|
|
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Gain on cash flow hedging instruments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Gain on settlement of cash flow hedging instrument
|
—
|
|
|
9,553
|
|
|
75
|
|
|||
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of interest expense included in net income
|
(963
|
)
|
|
(842
|
)
|
|
(28
|
)
|
|||
Gain on investment in equity securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Reclassification adjustment for realized gain included in net income
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(67
|
)
|
|||
Other comprehensive (loss) income
|
(963
|
)
|
|
8,711
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|||
Comprehensive income
|
155,297
|
|
|
121,149
|
|
|
76,472
|
|
|||
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
15,073
|
|
|
5,547
|
|
|
(4,504
|
)
|
|||
Dividends on preferred shares
|
55,128
|
|
|
52,586
|
|
|
60,718
|
|
|||
Redemption of participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
32,215
|
|
|
42,416
|
|
|||
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
|
$
|
85,096
|
|
|
$
|
30,801
|
|
|
$
|
(22,158
|
)
|
|
Class A common shares
|
|
Class B common shares
|
|
Preferred shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Number
of shares |
|
Amount
|
|
Number
of shares |
|
Amount
|
|
Number
of shares |
|
Amount
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital |
|
Accumulated
deficit |
|
Accumulated other
comprehensive income |
|
Shareholders’
equity |
|
Noncontrolling
interest |
|
Total
equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2016
|
242,740,482
|
|
|
$
|
2,427
|
|
|
635,075
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
37,010,000
|
|
|
$
|
370
|
|
|
$
|
4,568,616
|
|
|
$
|
(378,578
|
)
|
|
$
|
95
|
|
|
$
|
4,192,936
|
|
|
$
|
744,684
|
|
|
$
|
4,937,620
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,212
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,212
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,212
|
|
|||||||||
Common stock issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes
|
101,174
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
800
|
|
|||||||||
Issuance of Class A common shares, net of offering costs of $10,904
|
30,676,080
|
|
|
307
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
683,554
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
683,861
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
683,861
|
|
|||||||||
Issuance of perpetual preferred shares, net of offering costs of $9,355
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
10,800,000
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
260,537
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
260,645
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
260,645
|
|
|||||||||
Redemptions of Class A units
|
198,625
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
2,711
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
2,713
|
|
|
(2,882
|
)
|
|
(169
|
)
|
|||||||||
Redemption of Series A and B participating preferred shares into Class A common shares
|
12,398,276
|
|
|
124
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(9,460,000
|
)
|
|
(94
|
)
|
|
79,827
|
|
|
(42,416
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
37,441
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
37,441
|
|
|||||||||
Distributions to equity holders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred shares (Note 9)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(60,718
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(60,718
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(60,718
|
)
|
|||||||||
Noncontrolling interests
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(11,100
|
)
|
|
(11,100
|
)
|
|||||||||
Common shares ($0.20 per share)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(53,240
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(53,240
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(53,240
|
)
|
|||||||||
Net income
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
80,999
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
80,999
|
|
|
(4,507
|
)
|
|
76,492
|
|
|||||||||
Total other comprehensive loss
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2017
|
286,114,637
|
|
|
$
|
2,861
|
|
|
635,075
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
38,350,000
|
|
|
$
|
384
|
|
|
$
|
5,600,256
|
|
|
$
|
(453,953
|
)
|
|
$
|
75
|
|
|
$
|
5,149,629
|
|
|
$
|
726,195
|
|
|
$
|
5,875,824
|
|
|
Class A common shares
|
|
Class B common shares
|
|
Preferred shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Number
of shares |
|
Amount
|
|
Number
of shares |
|
Amount
|
|
Number
of shares |
|
Amount
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital |
|
Accumulated
deficit |
|
Accumulated other
comprehensive income |
|
Shareholders’
equity |
|
Noncontrolling
interest |
|
Total
equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2017
|
286,114,637
|
|
|
$
|
2,861
|
|
|
635,075
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
38,350,000
|
|
|
$
|
384
|
|
|
$
|
5,600,256
|
|
|
$
|
(453,953
|
)
|
|
$
|
75
|
|
|
$
|
5,149,629
|
|
|
$
|
726,195
|
|
|
$
|
5,875,824
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
3,433
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
3,433
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
3,433
|
|
|||||||||
Common stock issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes
|
821,918
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
11,939
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
11,947
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
11,947
|
|
|||||||||
Issuance of perpetual preferred shares, net of offering costs of $4,022
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,600,000
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
110,932
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
110,978
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
110,978
|
|
|||||||||
Redemption of Class A units
|
33,327
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
(515
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||||||||
Redemption of Series C participating preferred shares into Class A common shares
|
10,848,827
|
|
|
109
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(7,600,000
|
)
|
|
(76
|
)
|
|
60,440
|
|
|
(32,215
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
28,258
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
28,258
|
|
|||||||||
Reacquisition of equity component upon settlement of exchangeable senior notes
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(20,098
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(20,098
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(20,098
|
)
|
|||||||||
Repurchase of Class A common shares
|
(1,804,163
|
)
|
|
(18
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(34,951
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(34,969
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(34,969
|
)
|
|||||||||
Liquidation of consolidated joint venture
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(1,849
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(1,849
|
)
|
|
1,608
|
|
|
(241
|
)
|
|||||||||
Distributions to equity holders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred shares (Note 9)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(52,586
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(52,586
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(52,586
|
)
|
|||||||||
Noncontrolling interests
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(11,069
|
)
|
|
(11,069
|
)
|
|||||||||
Common shares ($0.20 per share)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(58,884
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(58,884
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(58,884
|
)
|
|||||||||
Net income
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
108,273
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
108,273
|
|
|
4,165
|
|
|
112,438
|
|
|||||||||
Total other comprehensive income
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
7,318
|
|
|
7,318
|
|
|
1,393
|
|
|
8,711
|
|
|||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2018
|
296,014,546
|
|
|
$
|
2,960
|
|
|
635,075
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
35,350,000
|
|
|
$
|
354
|
|
|
$
|
5,732,466
|
|
|
$
|
(491,214
|
)
|
|
$
|
7,393
|
|
|
$
|
5,251,965
|
|
|
$
|
721,777
|
|
|
$
|
5,973,742
|
|
|
Class A common shares
|
|
Class B common shares
|
|
Preferred shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Number
of shares |
|
Amount
|
|
Number
of shares |
|
Amount
|
|
Number
of shares |
|
Amount
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital |
|
Accumulated
deficit |
|
Accumulated other
comprehensive income |
|
Shareholders’
equity |
|
Noncontrolling
interest |
|
Total
equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2018
|
296,014,546
|
|
|
$
|
2,960
|
|
|
635,075
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
35,350,000
|
|
|
$
|
354
|
|
|
$
|
5,732,466
|
|
|
$
|
(491,214
|
)
|
|
$
|
7,393
|
|
|
$
|
5,251,965
|
|
|
$
|
721,777
|
|
|
$
|
5,973,742
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,808
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,808
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,808
|
|
|||||||||
Common stock issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes
|
803,207
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
10,682
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
10,690
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
10,690
|
|
|||||||||
Redemption of Class A units
|
3,289,846
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
42,819
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
42,932
|
|
|
(42,932
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||||||||
Distributions to equity holders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred shares (Note 9)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(55,128
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(55,128
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(55,128
|
)
|
|||||||||
Noncontrolling interests
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(10,554
|
)
|
|
(10,554
|
)
|
|||||||||
Common shares ($0.20 per share)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(60,065
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(60,065
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(60,065
|
)
|
|||||||||
Net income
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
141,039
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
141,039
|
|
|
15,221
|
|
|
156,260
|
|
|||||||||
Total other comprehensive loss
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(815
|
)
|
|
(815
|
)
|
|
(148
|
)
|
|
(963
|
)
|
|||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2019
|
300,107,599
|
|
|
$
|
3,001
|
|
|
635,075
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
35,350,000
|
|
|
$
|
354
|
|
|
$
|
5,790,775
|
|
|
$
|
(465,368
|
)
|
|
$
|
6,658
|
|
|
$
|
5,335,426
|
|
|
$
|
683,364
|
|
|
$
|
6,018,790
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Net income
|
$
|
156,260
|
|
|
$
|
112,438
|
|
|
$
|
76,492
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Depreciation and amortization
|
329,293
|
|
|
318,685
|
|
|
297,290
|
|
|||
Noncash amortization of deferred financing costs, debt discounts and cash flow hedging instrument
|
7,457
|
|
|
10,493
|
|
|
11,712
|
|
|||
Noncash share-based compensation
|
4,808
|
|
|
3,433
|
|
|
4,212
|
|
|||
Provision for bad debt
|
—
|
|
|
8,732
|
|
|
7,328
|
|
|||
Hurricane-related charges, net
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
3,718
|
|
|||
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
|
659
|
|
|
1,447
|
|
|
6,555
|
|
|||
Remeasurement of participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
(1,212
|
)
|
|
(2,841
|
)
|
|||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures
|
(509
|
)
|
|
(546
|
)
|
|
(1,642
|
)
|
|||
Net gain on sale of single-family properties and other
|
(43,873
|
)
|
|
(17,946
|
)
|
|
(6,826
|
)
|
|||
Loss on impairment of single-family properties
|
3,663
|
|
|
5,858
|
|
|
4,680
|
|
|||
Net gain on resolutions of mortgage loans
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|||
Other changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Rent and other receivables
|
(2,784
|
)
|
|
(12,172
|
)
|
|
(11,020
|
)
|
|||
Prepaid expenses and other assets
|
(10,170
|
)
|
|
(17,447
|
)
|
|
(11,295
|
)
|
|||
Deferred leasing costs
|
(4,095
|
)
|
|
(12,603
|
)
|
|
(7,390
|
)
|
|||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
17,408
|
|
|
11,772
|
|
|
9,814
|
|
|||
Amounts payable to affiliates
|
(230
|
)
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
5,191
|
|
|||
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
457,887
|
|
|
410,882
|
|
|
385,961
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Cash paid for single-family properties
|
(120,487
|
)
|
|
(489,625
|
)
|
|
(784,666
|
)
|
|||
Change in escrow deposits for purchase of single-family properties
|
(7,171
|
)
|
|
1,818
|
|
|
(8,937
|
)
|
|||
Net proceeds received from sales of single-family properties and other
|
221,930
|
|
|
106,157
|
|
|
87,063
|
|
|||
Proceeds received from hurricane-related insurance claims
|
2,171
|
|
|
4,522
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
|
(13,114
|
)
|
|
(8,400
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Distributions from joint ventures
|
22,561
|
|
|
36,917
|
|
|
9,292
|
|
|||
Collections from mortgage financing receivables
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
268
|
|
|||
Renovations to single-family properties
|
(21,883
|
)
|
|
(52,379
|
)
|
|
(47,911
|
)
|
|||
Recurring and other capital expenditures for single-family properties
|
(71,481
|
)
|
|
(54,465
|
)
|
|
(37,540
|
)
|
|||
Cash paid for development activity
|
(383,271
|
)
|
|
(215,797
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Other purchases of productive assets
|
(6,121
|
)
|
|
(3,156
|
)
|
|
(55,048
|
)
|
|||
Net cash used for investing activities
|
(376,866
|
)
|
|
(674,408
|
)
|
|
(837,479
|
)
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Proceeds from issuance of Class A common shares
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
694,765
|
|
|||
Payments of Class A common share issuance costs
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(10,637
|
)
|
|||
Proceeds from issuance of perpetual preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
115,000
|
|
|
270,000
|
|
|||
Payments of perpetual preferred share issuance costs
|
—
|
|
|
(4,022
|
)
|
|
(9,229
|
)
|
|||
Repurchase of Class A common shares
|
—
|
|
|
(34,969
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
|
11,524
|
|
|
10,707
|
|
|
932
|
|
|||
Payments related to tax withholding for share-based compensation
|
(834
|
)
|
|
(546
|
)
|
|
(384
|
)
|
|||
Redemptions of Class A common units
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(169
|
)
|
|||
Payments on asset-backed securitizations
|
(21,517
|
)
|
|
(20,847
|
)
|
|
(477,879
|
)
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Financing activities (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Proceeds from revolving credit facility
|
—
|
|
|
405,000
|
|
|
202,000
|
|
|||
Payments on revolving credit facility
|
(250,000
|
)
|
|
(295,000
|
)
|
|
(112,000
|
)
|
|||
Proceeds from term loan facility
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|||
Payments on term loan facility
|
(100,000
|
)
|
|
(100,000
|
)
|
|
(100,000
|
)
|
|||
Payments on secured note payable
|
—
|
|
|
(49,427
|
)
|
|
(969
|
)
|
|||
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes, net of discount
|
397,944
|
|
|
497,210
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Settlement of cash flow hedging instrument
|
—
|
|
|
9,628
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Payments on exchangeable senior notes
|
—
|
|
|
(135,093
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
|
(10,701
|
)
|
|
(11,071
|
)
|
|
(8,333
|
)
|
|||
Distributions to common shareholders
|
(59,832
|
)
|
|
(58,370
|
)
|
|
(38,901
|
)
|
|||
Distributions to preferred shareholders
|
(55,128
|
)
|
|
(67,183
|
)
|
|
(46,122
|
)
|
|||
Deferred financing costs paid
|
(3,572
|
)
|
|
(5,100
|
)
|
|
(3,974
|
)
|
|||
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities
|
(92,116
|
)
|
|
255,917
|
|
|
384,100
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
|
(11,095
|
)
|
|
(7,609
|
)
|
|
(67,418
|
)
|
|||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
|
175,214
|
|
|
182,823
|
|
|
250,241
|
|
|||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period (see Note 2)
|
$
|
164,119
|
|
|
$
|
175,214
|
|
|
$
|
182,823
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Supplemental cash flow information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Cash payments for interest, net of amounts capitalized
|
$
|
(112,980
|
)
|
|
$
|
(105,056
|
)
|
|
$
|
(100,908
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Accrued property renovations and development expenditures
|
$
|
18,276
|
|
|
$
|
1,921
|
|
|
$
|
7,964
|
|
Transfer of term loan borrowings to revolving credit facility
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|||
Transfer of deferred financing costs from term loan to revolving credit facility
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
1,524
|
|
|||
Transfers of completed homebuilding deliveries to properties
|
167,652
|
|
|
94,212
|
|
|
4,536
|
|
|||
Property and land contributions to an unconsolidated joint venture
|
(20,448
|
)
|
|
(40,942
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Note receivable related to a bulk sale of properties, net of discount
|
29,474
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
5,710
|
|
|||
Redemption of participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
(28,258
|
)
|
|
(37,499
|
)
|
|||
Accrued distributions to affiliates
|
4,629
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
4,720
|
|
|||
Accrued distributions to non-affiliates
|
13,024
|
|
|
14,173
|
|
|
26,982
|
|
|
December 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
||||
Assets
|
|
|
|
||||
Single-family properties:
|
|
|
|
||||
Land
|
$
|
1,756,504
|
|
|
$
|
1,713,496
|
|
Buildings and improvements
|
7,691,877
|
|
|
7,483,600
|
|
||
Single-family properties in operation
|
9,448,381
|
|
|
9,197,096
|
|
||
Less: accumulated depreciation
|
(1,462,105
|
)
|
|
(1,176,499
|
)
|
||
Single-family properties in operation, net
|
7,986,276
|
|
|
8,020,597
|
|
||
Single-family properties under development and development land
|
355,427
|
|
|
153,651
|
|
||
Single-family properties held for sale, net
|
209,828
|
|
|
318,327
|
|
||
Total real estate assets, net
|
8,551,531
|
|
|
8,492,575
|
|
||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
37,575
|
|
|
30,284
|
|
||
Restricted cash
|
126,544
|
|
|
144,930
|
|
||
Rent and other receivables, net
|
29,618
|
|
|
29,027
|
|
||
Escrow deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets
|
201,776
|
|
|
145,807
|
|
||
Amounts due from affiliates
|
25,946
|
|
|
25,893
|
|
||
Deferred costs and other intangibles, net
|
6,840
|
|
|
12,686
|
|
||
Goodwill
|
120,279
|
|
|
120,279
|
|
||
Total assets
|
$
|
9,100,109
|
|
|
$
|
9,001,481
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
||||
Revolving credit facility
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
250,000
|
|
Term loan facility, net
|
—
|
|
|
99,232
|
|
||
Asset-backed securitizations, net
|
1,945,044
|
|
|
1,961,511
|
|
||
Unsecured senior notes, net
|
888,453
|
|
|
492,800
|
|
||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
243,193
|
|
|
219,229
|
|
||
Amounts payable to affiliates
|
4,629
|
|
|
4,967
|
|
||
Total liabilities
|
3,081,319
|
|
|
3,027,739
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 14)
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
Capital
|
|
|
|
||||
Partners' capital:
|
|
|
|
||||
General partner:
|
|
|
|
||||
Common units (300,742,674 and 296,649,621 units issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)
|
4,474,333
|
|
|
4,390,137
|
|
||
Preferred units (35,350,000 units issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018)
|
854,435
|
|
|
854,435
|
|
||
Limited partner:
|
|
|
|
||||
Common units (52,026,980 and 55,316,826 units issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)
|
682,199
|
|
|
720,384
|
|
||
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
7,823
|
|
|
8,786
|
|
||
Total capital
|
6,018,790
|
|
|
5,973,742
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Total liabilities and capital
|
$
|
9,100,109
|
|
|
$
|
9,001,481
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Rents and other single-family property revenues
|
$
|
1,132,137
|
|
|
$
|
1,066,675
|
|
|
$
|
954,831
|
|
Other
|
11,241
|
|
|
6,180
|
|
|
5,568
|
|
|||
Total revenues
|
1,143,378
|
|
|
1,072,855
|
|
|
960,399
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Property operating expenses
|
433,854
|
|
|
412,905
|
|
|
355,074
|
|
|||
Property management expenses
|
86,908
|
|
|
74,573
|
|
|
69,712
|
|
|||
General and administrative expense
|
43,206
|
|
|
36,575
|
|
|
34,732
|
|
|||
Interest expense
|
127,114
|
|
|
122,900
|
|
|
112,620
|
|
|||
Acquisition and other transaction costs
|
3,224
|
|
|
5,225
|
|
|
4,623
|
|
|||
Depreciation and amortization
|
329,293
|
|
|
318,685
|
|
|
297,290
|
|
|||
Hurricane-related charges, net
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
7,963
|
|
|||
Other
|
6,733
|
|
|
7,265
|
|
|
5,005
|
|
|||
Total expenses
|
1,030,332
|
|
|
978,128
|
|
|
887,019
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Gain on sale of single-family properties and other, net
|
43,873
|
|
|
17,946
|
|
|
6,826
|
|
|||
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
|
(659
|
)
|
|
(1,447
|
)
|
|
(6,555
|
)
|
|||
Remeasurement of participating preferred units
|
—
|
|
|
1,212
|
|
|
2,841
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net income
|
156,260
|
|
|
112,438
|
|
|
76,492
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Noncontrolling interest
|
—
|
|
|
(259
|
)
|
|
141
|
|
|||
Preferred distributions
|
55,128
|
|
|
52,586
|
|
|
60,718
|
|
|||
Redemption of participating preferred units
|
—
|
|
|
32,215
|
|
|
42,416
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders
|
$
|
101,132
|
|
|
$
|
27,896
|
|
|
$
|
(26,783
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Weighted-average common units outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Basic
|
352,460,401
|
|
|
348,990,561
|
|
|
319,753,206
|
|
|||
Diluted
|
352,963,970
|
|
|
349,618,391
|
|
|
319,753,206
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders per unit:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Basic
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
Diluted
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Net income
|
$
|
156,260
|
|
|
$
|
112,438
|
|
|
$
|
76,492
|
|
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Gain on cash flow hedging instruments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Gain on settlement of cash flow hedging instrument
|
—
|
|
|
9,553
|
|
|
75
|
|
|||
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of interest expense included in net income
|
(963
|
)
|
|
(842
|
)
|
|
(28
|
)
|
|||
Gain on investment in equity securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Reclassification adjustment for realized gain included in net income
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(67
|
)
|
|||
Other comprehensive (loss) income
|
(963
|
)
|
|
8,711
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|||
Comprehensive income
|
155,297
|
|
|
121,149
|
|
|
76,472
|
|
|||
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
—
|
|
|
(259
|
)
|
|
141
|
|
|||
Preferred distributions
|
55,128
|
|
|
52,586
|
|
|
60,718
|
|
|||
Redemption of participating preferred units
|
—
|
|
|
32,215
|
|
|
42,416
|
|
|||
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common unitholders
|
$
|
100,169
|
|
|
$
|
36,607
|
|
|
$
|
(26,803
|
)
|
|
General Partner
|
|
Limited Partners
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Common capital
|
|
Preferred capital amount
|
|
Common capital
|
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive income |
|
Total partners' capital
|
|
Noncontrolling
interest |
|
Total capital
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Number
of units |
|
Amount
|
|
|
Number
of units |
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2016
|
243,375,557
|
|
|
$
|
3,357,992
|
|
|
$
|
834,849
|
|
|
55,555,960
|
|
|
$
|
746,174
|
|
|
$
|
95
|
|
|
$
|
4,939,110
|
|
|
$
|
(1,490
|
)
|
|
$
|
4,937,620
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
—
|
|
|
4,212
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,212
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,212
|
|
|||||||
Common units issued under share-based compensation plans, net of units withheld for employee taxes
|
101,174
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
800
|
|
|||||||
Issuance of Class A units, net of offering costs of $10,904
|
30,676,080
|
|
|
683,861
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
683,861
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
683,861
|
|
|||||||
Issuance of perpetual preferred units, net of offering costs of $9,355
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
260,645
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
260,645
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
260,645
|
|
|||||||
Redemptions of Class A units
|
198,625
|
|
|
2,713
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(205,807
|
)
|
|
(2,882
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(169
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(169
|
)
|
|||||||
Redemption of Series A and B participating preferred units into Class A units
|
12,398,276
|
|
|
231,617
|
|
|
(194,176
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
37,441
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
37,441
|
|
|||||||
Distributions to capital holders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Preferred units (Note 9)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(60,718
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(60,718
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(60,718
|
)
|
|||||||
Common units ($0.20 per unit)
|
—
|
|
|
(53,240
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(11,100
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(64,340
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(64,340
|
)
|
|||||||
Net income
|
—
|
|
|
20,281
|
|
|
60,718
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(4,648
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
76,351
|
|
|
141
|
|
|
76,492
|
|
|||||||
Total other comprehensive loss
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|||||||
Balances at December 31, 2017
|
286,749,712
|
|
|
$
|
4,248,236
|
|
|
$
|
901,318
|
|
|
55,350,153
|
|
|
$
|
727,544
|
|
|
$
|
75
|
|
|
$
|
5,877,173
|
|
|
$
|
(1,349
|
)
|
|
$
|
5,875,824
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
—
|
|
|
3,433
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
3,433
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
3,433
|
|
|||||||
Common units issued under share-based compensation plans, net of units withheld for employee taxes
|
821,918
|
|
|
11,947
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
11,947
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
11,947
|
|
|||||||
Issuance of perpetual preferred units, net of offering costs of $4,022
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
110,978
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
110,978
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
110,978
|
|
|||||||
Redemptions of Class A units
|
33,327
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(33,327
|
)
|
|
(515
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||||||
Redemption of Series C participating preferred units into Class A units
|
10,848,827
|
|
|
186,119
|
|
|
(157,861
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
28,258
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
28,258
|
|
|||||||
Reacquisition of equity component upon settlement of exchangeable senior notes
|
—
|
|
|
(20,098
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(20,098
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(20,098
|
)
|
|||||||
Repurchases of Class A units
|
(1,804,163
|
)
|
|
(34,969
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(34,969
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(34,969
|
)
|
|||||||
Liquidation of consolidated joint venture
|
—
|
|
|
(1,849
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(1,849
|
)
|
|
1,608
|
|
|
(241
|
)
|
|||||||
Distributions to capital holders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Preferred units (Note 9)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(52,586
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(52,586
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(52,586
|
)
|
|||||||
Common units ($0.20 per unit)
|
—
|
|
|
(58,884
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(11,069
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(69,953
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(69,953
|
)
|
|||||||
Net income
|
—
|
|
|
55,687
|
|
|
52,586
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,424
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
112,697
|
|
|
(259
|
)
|
|
112,438
|
|
|||||||
Total other comprehensive income
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
8,711
|
|
|
8,711
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
8,711
|
|
|||||||
Balances at December 31, 2018
|
296,649,621
|
|
|
$
|
4,390,137
|
|
|
$
|
854,435
|
|
|
55,316,826
|
|
|
$
|
720,384
|
|
|
$
|
8,786
|
|
|
$
|
5,973,742
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
5,973,742
|
|
|
General Partner
|
|
Limited Partners
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Common capital
|
|
Preferred capital amount
|
|
Common capital
|
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive income |
|
Total capital
|
||||||||||||||||
|
Number
of units |
|
Amount
|
|
|
Number
of units |
|
Amount
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2018
|
296,649,621
|
|
|
$
|
4,390,137
|
|
|
$
|
854,435
|
|
|
55,316,826
|
|
|
$
|
720,384
|
|
|
$
|
8,786
|
|
|
$
|
5,973,742
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
—
|
|
|
4,808
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
4,808
|
|
|||||
Common units issued under share-based compensation plans, net of units withheld for employee taxes
|
803,207
|
|
|
10,690
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
10,690
|
|
|||||
Redemptions of Class A units
|
3,289,846
|
|
|
42,852
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(3,289,846
|
)
|
|
(42,852
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||||
Distributions to capital holders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Preferred units (Note 9)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(55,128
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(55,128
|
)
|
|||||
Common units ($0.20 per unit)
|
—
|
|
|
(60,065
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(10,554
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
(70,619
|
)
|
|||||
Net income
|
—
|
|
|
85,911
|
|
|
55,128
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
15,221
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
156,260
|
|
|||||
Total other comprehensive loss
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(963
|
)
|
|
(963
|
)
|
|||||
Balances at December 31, 2019
|
300,742,674
|
|
|
$
|
4,474,333
|
|
|
$
|
854,435
|
|
|
52,026,980
|
|
|
$
|
682,199
|
|
|
$
|
7,823
|
|
|
$
|
6,018,790
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Net income
|
$
|
156,260
|
|
|
$
|
112,438
|
|
|
$
|
76,492
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Depreciation and amortization
|
329,293
|
|
|
318,685
|
|
|
297,290
|
|
|||
Noncash amortization of deferred financing costs, debt discounts and cash flow hedging instrument
|
7,457
|
|
|
10,493
|
|
|
11,712
|
|
|||
Noncash share-based compensation
|
4,808
|
|
|
3,433
|
|
|
4,212
|
|
|||
Provision for bad debt
|
—
|
|
|
8,732
|
|
|
7,328
|
|
|||
Hurricane-related charges, net
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
3,718
|
|
|||
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
|
659
|
|
|
1,447
|
|
|
6,555
|
|
|||
Remeasurement of participating preferred units
|
—
|
|
|
(1,212
|
)
|
|
(2,841
|
)
|
|||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures
|
(509
|
)
|
|
(546
|
)
|
|
(1,642
|
)
|
|||
Net gain on sale of single-family properties and other
|
(43,873
|
)
|
|
(17,946
|
)
|
|
(6,826
|
)
|
|||
Loss on impairment of single-family properties
|
3,663
|
|
|
5,858
|
|
|
4,680
|
|
|||
Net gain on resolutions of mortgage loans
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|||
Other changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Rent and other receivables
|
(2,784
|
)
|
|
(12,172
|
)
|
|
(11,020
|
)
|
|||
Prepaid expenses and other assets
|
(10,170
|
)
|
|
(17,447
|
)
|
|
(11,295
|
)
|
|||
Deferred leasing costs
|
(4,095
|
)
|
|
(12,603
|
)
|
|
(7,390
|
)
|
|||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
17,408
|
|
|
11,772
|
|
|
9,814
|
|
|||
Amounts payable to affiliates
|
(230
|
)
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
5,191
|
|
|||
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
457,887
|
|
|
410,882
|
|
|
385,961
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Cash paid for single-family properties
|
(120,487
|
)
|
|
(489,625
|
)
|
|
(784,666
|
)
|
|||
Change in escrow deposits for purchase of single-family properties
|
(7,171
|
)
|
|
1,818
|
|
|
(8,937
|
)
|
|||
Net proceeds received from sales of single-family properties and other
|
221,930
|
|
|
106,157
|
|
|
87,063
|
|
|||
Proceeds received from hurricane-related insurance claims
|
2,171
|
|
|
4,522
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
|
(13,114
|
)
|
|
(8,400
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Distributions from joint ventures
|
22,561
|
|
|
36,917
|
|
|
9,292
|
|
|||
Collections from mortgage financing receivables
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
268
|
|
|||
Renovations to single-family properties
|
(21,883
|
)
|
|
(52,379
|
)
|
|
(47,911
|
)
|
|||
Recurring and other capital expenditures for single-family properties
|
(71,481
|
)
|
|
(54,465
|
)
|
|
(37,540
|
)
|
|||
Cash paid for development activity
|
(383,271
|
)
|
|
(215,797
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Other purchases of productive assets
|
(6,121
|
)
|
|
(3,156
|
)
|
|
(55,048
|
)
|
|||
Net cash used for investing activities
|
(376,866
|
)
|
|
(674,408
|
)
|
|
(837,479
|
)
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Proceeds from issuance of Class A common units
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
694,765
|
|
|||
Payments of Class A common unit issuance costs
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(10,637
|
)
|
|||
Proceeds from issuance of perpetual preferred units
|
—
|
|
|
115,000
|
|
|
270,000
|
|
|||
Payments of perpetual preferred unit issuance costs
|
—
|
|
|
(4,022
|
)
|
|
(9,229
|
)
|
|||
Repurchase of Class A common units
|
—
|
|
|
(34,969
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
|
11,524
|
|
|
10,707
|
|
|
932
|
|
|||
Payments related to tax withholding for share-based compensation
|
(834
|
)
|
|
(546
|
)
|
|
(384
|
)
|
|||
Redemptions of Class A common units
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(169
|
)
|
|||
Payments on asset-backed securitizations
|
(21,517
|
)
|
|
(20,847
|
)
|
|
(477,879
|
)
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Financing activities (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Proceeds from revolving credit facility
|
—
|
|
|
405,000
|
|
|
202,000
|
|
|||
Payments on revolving credit facility
|
(250,000
|
)
|
|
(295,000
|
)
|
|
(112,000
|
)
|
|||
Proceeds from term loan facility
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|||
Payments on term loan facility
|
(100,000
|
)
|
|
(100,000
|
)
|
|
(100,000
|
)
|
|||
Payments on secured note payable
|
—
|
|
|
(49,427
|
)
|
|
(969
|
)
|
|||
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes, net of discount
|
397,944
|
|
|
497,210
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Settlement of cash flow hedging instrument
|
—
|
|
|
9,628
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Payments on exchangeable senior notes
|
—
|
|
|
(135,093
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Distributions to common unitholders
|
(70,533
|
)
|
|
(69,441
|
)
|
|
(47,234
|
)
|
|||
Distributions to preferred unitholders
|
(55,128
|
)
|
|
(67,183
|
)
|
|
(46,122
|
)
|
|||
Deferred financing costs paid
|
(3,572
|
)
|
|
(5,100
|
)
|
|
(3,974
|
)
|
|||
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities
|
(92,116
|
)
|
|
255,917
|
|
|
384,100
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
|
(11,095
|
)
|
|
(7,609
|
)
|
|
(67,418
|
)
|
|||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
|
175,214
|
|
|
182,823
|
|
|
250,241
|
|
|||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period (see Note 2)
|
$
|
164,119
|
|
|
$
|
175,214
|
|
|
$
|
182,823
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Supplemental cash flow information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Cash payments for interest, net of amounts capitalized
|
$
|
(112,980
|
)
|
|
$
|
(105,056
|
)
|
|
$
|
(100,908
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Accrued property renovations and development expenditures
|
$
|
18,276
|
|
|
$
|
1,921
|
|
|
$
|
7,964
|
|
Transfer of term loan borrowings to revolving credit facility
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|||
Transfer of deferred financing costs from term loan to revolving credit facility
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
1,524
|
|
|||
Transfers of completed homebuilding deliveries to properties
|
167,652
|
|
|
94,212
|
|
|
4,536
|
|
|||
Property and land contributions to an unconsolidated joint venture
|
(20,448
|
)
|
|
(40,942
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Note receivable related to a bulk sale of properties, net of discount
|
29,474
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
5,710
|
|
|||
Redemption of participating preferred units
|
—
|
|
|
(28,258
|
)
|
|
(37,499
|
)
|
|||
Accrued distributions to affiliates
|
4,629
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
4,720
|
|
|||
Accrued distributions to non-affiliates
|
13,024
|
|
|
14,173
|
|
|
26,982
|
|
|
December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
$
|
37,575
|
|
|
$
|
30,284
|
|
|
$
|
46,156
|
|
Restricted cash
|
126,544
|
|
|
144,930
|
|
|
136,667
|
|
|||
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
|
$
|
164,119
|
|
|
$
|
175,214
|
|
|
$
|
182,823
|
|
•
|
Level 1—Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;
|
•
|
Level 2—Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and
|
•
|
Level 3—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
|
|
December 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
||||
Occupied single-family properties
|
$
|
7,534,627
|
|
|
$
|
7,448,330
|
|
Single-family properties recently acquired
|
88,181
|
|
|
212,870
|
|
||
Single-family properties in turnover process
|
308,008
|
|
|
294,093
|
|
||
Single-family properties leased, not yet occupied
|
55,460
|
|
|
65,304
|
|
||
Single-family properties in operation, net
|
7,986,276
|
|
|
8,020,597
|
|
||
Development land
|
224,041
|
|
|
97,207
|
|
||
Single-family properties under development
|
131,386
|
|
|
56,444
|
|
||
Single-family properties held for sale, net
|
209,828
|
|
|
318,327
|
|
||
Total real estate assets, net
|
$
|
8,551,531
|
|
|
$
|
8,492,575
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Single-family properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Properties sold
|
1,330
|
|
|
691
|
|
|
923
|
|
|||
Net proceeds (1)
|
$
|
248,199
|
|
|
$
|
105,394
|
|
|
$
|
72,611
|
|
Net gain on sale
|
$
|
43,507
|
|
|
$
|
16,313
|
|
|
$
|
3,573
|
|
Land:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net proceeds
|
$
|
3,205
|
|
|
$
|
763
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Net gain on sale
|
$
|
366
|
|
|
$
|
220
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
(1)
|
Total net proceeds for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 included $30.7 million, zero and $7.0 million, respectively, of notes receivable, before $1.2 million, zero and $1.5 million, respectively, of discounts, which are presented in escrow deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets (see Note 5).
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Rents from single-family properties (1)
|
$
|
1,132,137
|
|
|
$
|
908,936
|
|
|
$
|
824,023
|
|
Fees from single-family properties
|
—
|
|
|
10,946
|
|
|
10,727
|
|
|||
Tenant charge-backs
|
—
|
|
|
146,793
|
|
|
120,081
|
|
|||
Rents and other single-family property revenues
|
$
|
1,132,137
|
|
|
$
|
1,066,675
|
|
|
$
|
954,831
|
|
(1)
|
For the year ended December 31, 2019, rents from single-family properties included $159.9 million of variable lease payments for tenant charge-backs, which are primarily related to cost recoveries on utilities, and $13.8 million of variable lease payments for fees from single-family properties.
|
|
December 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
||||
Escrow deposits, prepaid expenses and other
|
$
|
54,545
|
|
|
$
|
38,642
|
|
Investments in joint ventures
|
67,935
|
|
|
56,789
|
|
||
Notes receivable
|
36,834
|
|
|
6,012
|
|
||
Commercial real estate, software, vehicles and FF&E, net
|
42,742
|
|
|
44,591
|
|
||
Total
|
$
|
202,056
|
|
|
$
|
146,034
|
|
|
December 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
||||
Deferred leasing costs
|
$
|
3,738
|
|
|
$
|
11,912
|
|
Deferred financing costs
|
11,244
|
|
|
11,246
|
|
||
Intangible assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Database
|
2,100
|
|
|
2,100
|
|
||
|
17,082
|
|
|
25,258
|
|
||
Less: accumulated amortization
|
(10,242
|
)
|
|
(12,572
|
)
|
||
Total
|
$
|
6,840
|
|
|
$
|
12,686
|
|
|
|
Deferred Leasing Costs
|
|
Deferred Financing Costs
|
|
Database
|
|
Total
|
||||||||
2020
|
|
$
|
1,807
|
|
|
$
|
1,969
|
|
|
$
|
132
|
|
|
$
|
3,908
|
|
2021
|
|
—
|
|
|
1,964
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
1,964
|
|
||||
2022
|
|
—
|
|
|
968
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
968
|
|
||||
Total
|
|
$
|
1,807
|
|
|
$
|
4,901
|
|
|
$
|
132
|
|
|
$
|
6,840
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding Principal Balance
|
|||||||
|
Interest Rate (1)
|
|
Maturity Date
|
|
December 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
|||||
AH4R 2014-SFR2 securitization
|
4.42
|
%
|
|
October 9, 2024
|
|
$
|
485,828
|
|
|
$
|
491,195
|
|
AH4R 2014-SFR3 securitization
|
4.40
|
%
|
|
December 9, 2024
|
|
501,393
|
|
|
506,760
|
|
||
AH4R 2015-SFR1 securitization (2)
|
4.14
|
%
|
|
April 9, 2045
|
|
526,560
|
|
|
532,197
|
|
||
AH4R 2015-SFR2 securitization (3)
|
4.36
|
%
|
|
October 9, 2045
|
|
457,212
|
|
|
462,358
|
|
||
Total asset-backed securitizations
|
|
|
|
|
1,970,993
|
|
|
1,992,510
|
|
|||
2028 unsecured senior notes (4)
|
4.08
|
%
|
|
February 15, 2028
|
|
500,000
|
|
|
500,000
|
|
||
2029 unsecured senior notes
|
4.90
|
%
|
|
February 15, 2029
|
|
400,000
|
|
|
—
|
|
||
Revolving credit facility (5)
|
2.96
|
%
|
|
June 30, 2022
|
|
—
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
||
Term loan facility (6)
|
N/A
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
—
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
||
Total debt
|
|
|
|
|
2,870,993
|
|
|
2,842,510
|
|
|||
Unamortized discount on unsecured senior notes
|
|
|
|
|
(4,143
|
)
|
|
(2,546
|
)
|
|||
Deferred financing costs, net (7)
|
|
|
|
|
(33,353
|
)
|
|
(36,421
|
)
|
|||
Total debt per balance sheet
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,833,497
|
|
|
$
|
2,803,543
|
|
(1)
|
Interest rates are as of December 31, 2019. Unless otherwise stated, interest rates are fixed percentages.
|
(2)
|
The AH4R 2015-SFR1 securitization has an anticipated repayment date of April 9, 2025.
|
(3)
|
The AH4R 2015-SFR2 securitization has an anticipated repayment date of October 9, 2025.
|
(4)
|
The stated interest rate on the 2028 unsecured senior notes is 4.25%, which was effectively hedged to yield an interest rate of 4.08%.
|
(5)
|
The revolving credit facility provides for a borrowing capacity of up to $800.0 million, and the Company had approximately $6.2 million and $1.1 million committed to outstanding letters of credit that reduced our borrowing capacity as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The revolving credit facility bears interest at the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 1.20% as of December 31, 2019. LIBOR is expected to be discontinued after 2021 and the Company expects to replace the contractual reference rate with an appropriate alternative. The Company does not expect this modification to have a material impact on its financial statements.
|
(6)
|
The term loan was fully repaid in June 2019.
|
(7)
|
Deferred financing costs relate to our asset-backed securitizations, term loan facility and unsecured senior notes. Amortization of these deferred financing costs was $5.9 million, $5.8 million and $6.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which is included in gross interest, prior to interest capitalization.
|
|
Debt Maturities
|
|
|
2020
|
$
|
20,714
|
|
2021
|
20,714
|
|
|
2022
|
20,714
|
|
|
2023
|
20,714
|
|
|
2024
|
955,875
|
|
|
Thereafter
|
1,832,262
|
|
|
Total debt
|
$
|
2,870,993
|
|
|
December 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
||||||||||
|
Number of Properties
|
|
Net Book Value
|
|
Number of Properties
|
|
Net Book Value
|
||||||
AH4R 2014-SFR2 securitization
|
4,543
|
|
|
$
|
592,203
|
|
|
4,546
|
|
|
$
|
611,279
|
|
AH4R 2014-SFR3 securitization
|
4,587
|
|
|
642,189
|
|
|
4,588
|
|
|
662,068
|
|
||
AH4R 2015-SFR1 securitization
|
4,696
|
|
|
641,595
|
|
|
4,697
|
|
|
662,202
|
|
||
AH4R 2015-SFR2 securitization
|
4,175
|
|
|
592,900
|
|
|
4,178
|
|
|
612,835
|
|
||
Total encumbered properties
|
18,001
|
|
|
$
|
2,468,887
|
|
|
18,009
|
|
|
$
|
2,548,384
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Gross interest cost
|
$
|
138,211
|
|
|
$
|
129,571
|
|
|
$
|
118,276
|
|
Capitalized interest
|
(11,097
|
)
|
|
(6,671
|
)
|
|
(5,656
|
)
|
|||
Interest expense
|
$
|
127,114
|
|
|
$
|
122,900
|
|
|
$
|
112,620
|
|
|
December 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
||||
Resident security deposits
|
$
|
84,832
|
|
|
$
|
83,406
|
|
Accrued property taxes
|
44,280
|
|
|
40,566
|
|
||
Accrued interest
|
23,090
|
|
|
16,413
|
|
||
Accrued construction and maintenance liabilities
|
20,435
|
|
|
18,371
|
|
||
Prepaid rent
|
19,970
|
|
|
22,506
|
|
||
Accrued distribution payable
|
13,024
|
|
|
12,809
|
|
||
Accounts payable
|
5,037
|
|
|
195
|
|
||
Other accrued liabilities
|
32,525
|
|
|
24,963
|
|
||
Total
|
$
|
243,193
|
|
|
$
|
219,229
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
|||||||||||
Series
|
|
Issuance Date
|
|
Earliest Redemption Date
|
|
Dividend Rate
|
|
Outstanding Shares
|
|
Current Liquidation Value
|
|
Outstanding Shares
|
|
Current Liquidation Value
|
|||||||
Series D perpetual preferred shares
|
|
5/24/2016
|
|
5/24/2021
|
|
6.500
|
%
|
|
10,750,000
|
|
|
$
|
268,750
|
|
|
10,750,000
|
|
|
$
|
268,750
|
|
Series E perpetual preferred shares
|
|
6/29/2016
|
|
6/29/2021
|
|
6.350
|
%
|
|
9,200,000
|
|
|
230,000
|
|
|
9,200,000
|
|
|
230,000
|
|
||
Series F perpetual preferred shares
|
|
4/24/2017
|
|
4/24/2022
|
|
5.875
|
%
|
|
6,200,000
|
|
|
155,000
|
|
|
6,200,000
|
|
|
155,000
|
|
||
Series G perpetual preferred shares
|
|
7/17/2017
|
|
7/17/2022
|
|
5.875
|
%
|
|
4,600,000
|
|
|
115,000
|
|
|
4,600,000
|
|
|
115,000
|
|
||
Series H perpetual preferred shares
|
|
9/19/2018
|
|
9/19/2023
|
|
6.250
|
%
|
|
4,600,000
|
|
|
115,000
|
|
|
4,600,000
|
|
|
115,000
|
|
||
Total preferred shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35,350,000
|
|
|
$
|
883,750
|
|
|
35,350,000
|
|
|
$
|
883,750
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Class A and Class B common shares
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
5.000% Series A participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
0.94
|
|
|||
5.000% Series B participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
0.94
|
|
|||
5.500% Series C participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
0.34
|
|
|
1.38
|
|
|||
6.500% Series D perpetual preferred shares
|
1.63
|
|
|
1.63
|
|
|
1.63
|
|
|||
6.350% Series E perpetual preferred shares
|
1.59
|
|
|
1.59
|
|
|
1.59
|
|
|||
5.875% Series F perpetual preferred shares
|
1.47
|
|
|
1.47
|
|
|
1.01
|
|
|||
5.875% Series G perpetual preferred shares
|
1.47
|
|
|
1.47
|
|
|
0.67
|
|
|||
6.250% Series H perpetual preferred shares
|
1.56
|
|
|
0.44
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Net income (loss) allocated to Class A units
|
$
|
15,221
|
|
|
$
|
4,424
|
|
|
$
|
(4,648
|
)
|
Net (loss) income allocated to noncontrolling interest in a consolidated subsidiary
|
—
|
|
|
(259
|
)
|
|
141
|
|
|||
Total noncontrolling interest
|
$
|
15,221
|
|
|
$
|
4,165
|
|
|
$
|
(4,507
|
)
|
|
Shares
|
|
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
|
|
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
|
|
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) (in thousands)
|
|||||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2016
|
2,826,500
|
|
|
$
|
15.69
|
|
|
7.6
|
|
$
|
14,956
|
|
Granted
|
385,200
|
|
|
23.38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Exercised
|
(74,000
|
)
|
|
15.65
|
|
|
|
|
520
|
|
||
Forfeited
|
(85,250
|
)
|
|
16.24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2017
|
3,052,450
|
|
|
$
|
16.65
|
|
|
6.9
|
|
$
|
16,421
|
|
Granted
|
140,000
|
|
|
19.40
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Exercised
|
(769,875
|
)
|
|
16.07
|
|
|
|
|
4,754
|
|
||
Forfeited
|
(170,300
|
)
|
|
17.93
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2018
|
2,252,275
|
|
|
$
|
16.92
|
|
|
6.1
|
|
$
|
7,713
|
|
Granted
|
20,000
|
|
|
20.48
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Exercised
|
(730,125
|
)
|
|
15.94
|
|
|
|
|
6,088
|
|
||
Forfeited
|
(12,350
|
)
|
|
20.80
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2019
|
1,529,800
|
|
|
$
|
17.40
|
|
|
5.3
|
|
$
|
13,479
|
|
Options exercisable at December 31, 2019
|
1,163,150
|
|
|
$
|
16.76
|
|
|
4.8
|
|
$
|
10,993
|
|
(1)
|
Intrinsic value for activities other than exercises is defined as the difference between the grant price and the market value on the last trading day of the period for those stock options where the market value is greater than the grant price. For exercises, intrinsic value is defined as the difference between the grant price and the market value on the date of exercise.
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Expected term (years)
|
|
7.0
|
|
|
|
7.0
|
|
|
|
7.0
|
|
Dividend yield
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
Volatility
|
|
17.3
|
%
|
|
|
18.9
|
%
|
|
|
21.3
|
%
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
|
|
2.8
|
%
|
|
|
2.2
|
%
|
|
Restricted Stock Units
|
|
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
|
|
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) (in thousands)
|
|||||
Restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2016
|
130,150
|
|
|
$
|
15.09
|
|
|
$
|
2,731
|
|
Awarded
|
174,400
|
|
|
23.38
|
|
|
|
|||
Vested
|
(42,475
|
)
|
|
15.42
|
|
|
990
|
|
||
Forfeited
|
(18,200
|
)
|
|
19.30
|
|
|
|
|||
Restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2017
|
243,875
|
|
|
$
|
20.65
|
|
|
$
|
5,326
|
|
Awarded
|
304,400
|
|
|
19.40
|
|
|
|
|||
Vested
|
(80,125
|
)
|
|
19.51
|
|
|
1,552
|
|
||
Forfeited
|
(95,775
|
)
|
|
20.15
|
|
|
|
|||
Restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2018
|
372,375
|
|
|
$
|
20.00
|
|
|
$
|
7,392
|
|
Awarded
|
350,334
|
|
|
22.90
|
|
|
|
|||
Vested
|
(111,000
|
)
|
|
19.75
|
|
|
2,431
|
|
||
Forfeited
|
(12,600
|
)
|
|
21.34
|
|
|
|
|||
Restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2019
|
599,109
|
|
|
$
|
21.71
|
|
|
$
|
15,703
|
|
(1)
|
Intrinsic value for outstanding restricted stock units is defined as the market value of the underlying Class A common shares on the last trading day of the period. Intrinsic value for vested restricted stock units is defined as the market value of the underlying shares on the day the awards vested.
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
General and administrative expenses
|
$
|
3,466
|
|
|
$
|
2,075
|
|
|
$
|
2,563
|
|
Property management expenses
|
1,342
|
|
|
1,358
|
|
|
1,649
|
|
|||
Total noncash share-based compensation expense
|
$
|
4,808
|
|
|
$
|
3,433
|
|
|
$
|
4,212
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net income
|
$
|
156,260
|
|
|
$
|
112,438
|
|
|
$
|
76,492
|
|
Less:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Noncontrolling interest
|
15,221
|
|
|
4,165
|
|
|
(4,507
|
)
|
|||
Dividends on preferred shares
|
55,128
|
|
|
52,586
|
|
|
60,718
|
|
|||
Redemption of participating preferred shares
|
—
|
|
|
32,215
|
|
|
42,416
|
|
|||
Allocation to participating securities (1)
|
166
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Numerator for income (loss) per common share–basic and diluted
|
$
|
85,745
|
|
|
$
|
23,387
|
|
|
$
|
(22,135
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding–basic
|
299,415,397
|
|
|
293,640,500
|
|
|
264,254,718
|
|
|||
Effect of dilutive securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Share-based compensation plan (2)
|
503,569
|
|
|
627,830
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding–diluted (3)
|
299,918,966
|
|
|
294,268,330
|
|
|
264,254,718
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net income (loss) per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Basic
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
Diluted
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
(1)
|
Unvested restricted stock units that have nonforfeitable rights to participate in dividends declared on common stock are accounted for as participating securities and reflected in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share using the two-class method.
|
(2)
|
Reflects the effect of potentially dilutive securities issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options.
|
(3)
|
The computation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 excludes an aggregate of 182,481, zero and 17,084,135 potentially dilutive securities, respectively, which include a combination of participating preferred shares, exchangeable senior notes and common shares issuable for unvested restricted stock units, because their effect would have been antidilutive to the respective periods. The effect of the potential conversion of OP units is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share, as they are exchangeable for Class A common shares on a one-for-one basis. The income allocable to the OP units is allocated on this same basis and reflected as noncontrolling interest in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As such, the assumed conversion of the OP units would have no net impact on the determination of diluted earnings per share.
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Net income
|
$
|
156,260
|
|
|
$
|
112,438
|
|
|
$
|
76,492
|
|
Less:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Noncontrolling interest
|
—
|
|
|
(259
|
)
|
|
141
|
|
|||
Preferred distributions
|
55,128
|
|
|
52,586
|
|
|
60,718
|
|
|||
Redemption of participating preferred units
|
—
|
|
|
32,215
|
|
|
42,416
|
|
|||
Allocation to participating securities (1)
|
166
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Numerator for income (loss) per common unit–basic and diluted
|
$
|
100,966
|
|
|
$
|
27,811
|
|
|
$
|
(26,783
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Weighted-average common units outstanding–basic
|
352,460,401
|
|
|
348,990,561
|
|
|
319,753,206
|
|
|||
Effect of dilutive securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Share-based compensation plan (2)
|
503,569
|
|
|
627,830
|
|
|
—
|
|
|||
Weighted-average common units outstanding–diluted (3)
|
352,963,970
|
|
|
349,618,391
|
|
|
319,753,206
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net income (loss) per common unit:
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Basic
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
Diluted
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
(1)
|
Unvested restricted stock units that have nonforfeitable rights to participate in dividends declared on common stock are accounted for as participating securities and reflected in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share using the two-class method.
|
(2)
|
Reflects the effect of potentially dilutive securities issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options.
|
(3)
|
The computation of diluted earnings per unit for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 excludes an aggregate of 182,481, zero and 17,084,135 potentially dilutive securities, respectively, which include a combination of participating preferred units, exchangeable senior notes and common units issuable for unvested restricted stock units, because their effect would have been antidilutive to the respective periods.
|
|
December 31, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
||||||||||||
|
Carrying Value
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Carrying Value (1)
|
|
Fair Value
|
||||||||
AH4R 2014-SFR2 securitization
|
$
|
479,706
|
|
|
$
|
491,302
|
|
|
$
|
483,790
|
|
|
$
|
494,820
|
|
AH4R 2014-SFR3 securitization
|
495,029
|
|
|
510,486
|
|
|
499,108
|
|
|
511,450
|
|
||||
AH4R 2015-SFR1 securitization
|
519,576
|
|
|
534,531
|
|
|
523,865
|
|
|
534,666
|
|
||||
AH4R 2015-SFR2 securitization
|
450,733
|
|
|
466,558
|
|
|
454,748
|
|
|
467,303
|
|
||||
Total asset-backed securitizations (1)
|
1,945,044
|
|
|
2,002,877
|
|
|
1,961,511
|
|
|
2,008,239
|
|
||||
2028 unsecured senior notes, net
|
493,589
|
|
|
531,870
|
|
|
492,800
|
|
|
479,730
|
|
||||
2029 unsecured senior notes, net
|
394,864
|
|
|
446,728
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
||||
Total unsecured senior notes, net (1)
|
888,453
|
|
|
978,598
|
|
|
492,800
|
|
|
479,730
|
|
||||
Revolving credit facility (2)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
||||
Term loan facility (1) (2)
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
99,232
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
||||
Total debt
|
$
|
2,833,497
|
|
|
$
|
2,981,475
|
|
|
$
|
2,803,543
|
|
|
$
|
2,837,969
|
|
(1)
|
To conform with current year presentation, the carrying values of the asset-backed securitizations, unsecured senior notes and term loan facility are presented net of unamortized deferred financing costs of $31.0 million, $4.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. The carrying values of the unsecured senior notes, net remain presented net of unamortized discounts.
|
(2)
|
As our revolving credit facility and term loan facility bear interest at a floating rate based on an index plus a spread (see Note 7), management believes that the carrying values (excluding deferred financing costs) of the revolving credit facility and term loan facility reasonably approximate fair value.
|
Description
|
|
January 1, 2018
|
|
Conversions
|
|
Remeasurement Included in Earnings
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
||||||||
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Participating preferred shares derivative liability
|
|
$
|
29,470
|
|
|
$
|
(28,258
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,212
|
)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Description
|
|
January 1, 2017
|
|
Conversions
|
|
Remeasurement Included in Earnings
|
|
December 31, 2017
|
||||||||
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Participating preferred shares derivative liability
|
|
$
|
69,810
|
|
|
$
|
(37,499
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,841
|
)
|
|
$
|
29,470
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Lease costs
|
$
|
2,612
|
|
|
$
|
2,829
|
|
|
$
|
2,614
|
|
Less: income from subleases
|
—
|
|
|
(347
|
)
|
|
(418
|
)
|
|||
Net lease costs
|
$
|
2,612
|
|
|
$
|
2,482
|
|
|
$
|
2,196
|
|
|
|
Operating Lease Obligations
|
||
2020
|
|
$
|
1,792
|
|
2021
|
|
970
|
|
|
2022
|
|
749
|
|
|
2023
|
|
367
|
|
|
2024
|
|
223
|
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
9
|
|
|
Total lease payments
|
|
4,110
|
|
|
Less: imputed interest
|
|
(194
|
)
|
|
Operating lease liability
|
|
$
|
3,916
|
|
|
Quarter
|
||||||||||||||
|
First
|
|
Second
|
|
Third
|
|
Fourth
|
||||||||
2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Rents and other single-family property revenues
|
$
|
277,694
|
|
|
$
|
279,914
|
|
|
$
|
293,064
|
|
|
$
|
281,465
|
|
Net income
|
33,091
|
|
|
40,304
|
|
|
41,401
|
|
|
41,464
|
|
||||
Net income attributable to common shareholders
|
16,283
|
|
|
22,518
|
|
|
23,520
|
|
|
23,590
|
|
||||
Net income attributable to common shareholders per share–basic
|
0.05
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
||||
Net income attributable to common shareholders per share–diluted
|
0.05
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
Quarter
|
||||||||||||||
|
First
|
|
Second (2)
|
|
Third
|
|
Fourth
|
||||||||
2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Rents and other single-family property revenues (1)
|
$
|
256,663
|
|
|
$
|
262,882
|
|
|
$
|
278,187
|
|
|
$
|
268,943
|
|
Net income
|
21,525
|
|
|
25,898
|
|
|
30,281
|
|
|
34,734
|
|
||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
|
5,814
|
|
|
(15,151
|
)
|
|
15,177
|
|
|
17,632
|
|
||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders per share–basic
|
0.02
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
0.05
|
|
|
0.06
|
|
||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders per share–diluted
|
0.02
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
0.05
|
|
|
0.06
|
|
(1)
|
As a result of the adoption of the new lease accounting standard, the Company reclassified previously reported rents from single-family properties, fees from single-family properties and tenant charge-backs to rents and other single-family property revenues within the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the interim periods in 2018. See Note 2 for additional information.
|
(2)
|
During the second quarter of 2018, the Company incurred a net loss attributable to common shareholders primarily due to a $32.2 million allocation of income to the Series C participating preferred shareholders as a result of the redemption of all outstanding participating preferred shares through a conversion of those participating preferred shares into Class A common shares. See Note 9 for additional information.
|
|
Quarter
|
||||||||||||||
|
First
|
|
Second
|
|
Third
|
|
Fourth
|
||||||||
2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Rents and other single-family property revenues
|
$
|
277,694
|
|
|
$
|
279,914
|
|
|
$
|
293,064
|
|
|
$
|
281,465
|
|
Net income
|
33,091
|
|
|
40,304
|
|
|
41,401
|
|
|
41,464
|
|
||||
Net income attributable to common unitholders
|
19,309
|
|
|
26,522
|
|
|
27,619
|
|
|
27,682
|
|
||||
Net income attributable to common unitholders per unit–basic
|
0.05
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
||||
Net income attributable to common unitholders per unit–diluted
|
0.05
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
Quarter
|
||||||||||||||
|
First
|
|
Second (2)
|
|
Third
|
|
Fourth
|
||||||||
2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Rents and other single-family property revenues (1)
|
$
|
256,663
|
|
|
$
|
262,882
|
|
|
$
|
278,187
|
|
|
$
|
268,943
|
|
Net income
|
21,525
|
|
|
25,898
|
|
|
30,281
|
|
|
34,734
|
|
||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders
|
6,939
|
|
|
(18,053
|
)
|
|
18,058
|
|
|
20,952
|
|
||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders per unit–basic
|
0.02
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
0.05
|
|
|
0.06
|
|
||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders per unit–diluted
|
0.02
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
0.05
|
|
|
0.06
|
|
(1)
|
As a result of the adoption of the new lease accounting standard, the Operating Partnership reclassified previously reported rents from single-family properties, fees from single-family properties and tenant charge-backs to rents and other single-family property revenues within the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the interim periods in 2018. See Note 2 for additional information.
|
(2)
|
During the second quarter of 2018, the Operating Partnership incurred a net loss attributable to common unitholders primarily due to a $32.2 million allocation of income to the Series C participating preferred unitholders as a result of the redemption of all outstanding participating preferred units through a conversion of those participating preferred units into Class A common units. See Note 9 for additional information.
|
(1)
|
The unaudited aggregate cost of consolidated real estate in the table above for federal income tax purposes was $9.8 billion as of December 31, 2019.
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
(Amounts in thousands)
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Balance, beginning of period
|
$
|
9,197,096
|
|
|
$
|
8,968,901
|
|
|
$
|
8,127,136
|
|
Acquisitions and building improvements
|
379,466
|
|
|
628,118
|
|
|
870,350
|
|
|||
Dispositions
|
(233,094
|
)
|
|
(59,308
|
)
|
|
(69,311
|
)
|
|||
Write-offs
|
(12,353
|
)
|
|
(9,572
|
)
|
|
(6,773
|
)
|
|||
Impairment
|
(3,663
|
)
|
|
(5,858
|
)
|
|
(4,680
|
)
|
|||
Reclassifications to single-family properties held for sale, net of dispositions
|
120,929
|
|
|
(325,185
|
)
|
|
52,179
|
|
|||
Balance, end of period
|
$
|
9,448,381
|
|
|
$
|
9,197,096
|
|
|
$
|
8,968,901
|
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
(Amounts in thousands)
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
||||||
Balance, beginning of period
|
$
|
(1,176,499
|
)
|
|
$
|
(939,724
|
)
|
|
$
|
(666,710
|
)
|
Depreciation (1)
|
(313,683
|
)
|
|
(300,746
|
)
|
|
(281,195
|
)
|
|||
Dispositions
|
28,154
|
|
|
11,738
|
|
|
1,960
|
|
|||
Write-offs
|
12,353
|
|
|
9,572
|
|
|
6,773
|
|
|||
Reclassifications to single-family properties held for sale, net of dispositions
|
(12,430
|
)
|
|
42,661
|
|
|
(552
|
)
|
|||
Balance, end of period
|
$
|
(1,462,105
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,176,499
|
)
|
|
$
|
(939,724
|
)
|
(1)
|
Depreciation of buildings and improvements is computed on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives ranging from three to thirty years.
|
|
|
AMERICAN HOMES 4 RENT
|
||
|
|
By:
|
|
/s/ DAVID P. SINGELYN
|
|
|
|
|
David P. Singelyn, Chief Executive Officer
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ DAVID P. SINGELYN
|
|
David P. Singelyn
Chief Executive Officer and Trustee
(Principal Executive Officer)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ CHRISTOPHER C. LAU
|
|
Christopher C. Lau
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ JOHN CORRIGAN
|
|
John Corrigan
Chief Investment Officer and Trustee
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ DOUGLAS N. BENHAM
|
|
Douglas N. Benham
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ DAVID GOLDBERG
|
|
David Goldberg
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ TAMARA HUGHES GUSTAVSON
|
|
Tamara Hughes Gustavson
(Trustee) |
|
|
By:
|
/s/ MATTHEW J. HART
|
|
Matthew J. Hart
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ JAMES H. KROPP
|
|
James H. Kropp
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ WINIFRED WEBB
|
|
Winifred Webb
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ JAY WILLOUGHBY
|
|
Jay Willoughby
(Trustee) |
|
|
By:
|
/s/ KENNETH WOOLLEY
|
|
Kenneth Woolley
(Trustee)
|
|
|
AMERICAN HOMES 4 RENT, L.P.
|
||
|
|
By:
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent, its General Partner
|
|
|
By:
|
|
/s/ DAVID P. SINGELYN
|
|
|
|
|
David P. Singelyn, Chief Executive Officer
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ DAVID P. SINGELYN
|
|
David P. Singelyn
Chief Executive Officer and Trustee
(Principal Executive Officer)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ CHRISTOPHER C. LAU
|
|
Christopher C. Lau
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ JOHN CORRIGAN
|
|
John Corrigan
Chief Investment Officer and Trustee
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ DOUGLAS N. BENHAM
|
|
Douglas N. Benham
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ DAVID GOLDBERG
|
|
David Goldberg
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ TAMARA HUGHES GUSTAVSON
|
|
Tamara Hughes Gustavson
(Trustee) |
|
|
By:
|
/s/ MATTHEW J. HART
|
|
Matthew J. Hart
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ JAMES H. KROPP
|
|
James H. Kropp
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ WINIFRED WEBB
|
|
Winifred Webb
(Trustee)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ JAY WILLOUGHBY
|
|
Jay Willoughby
(Trustee) |
|
|
By:
|
/s/ KENNETH WOOLLEY
|
|
Kenneth Woolley
(Trustee)
|
•
|
have the right to receive ratably any distributions from funds legally available therefor, when, as and if authorized by our board of trustees and declared by us; and
|
•
|
are entitled to share ratably in the assets of our company legally available for distribution to the holders of our common shares in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs.
|
•
|
senior to our common shares and to any other class or series of our equity shares expressly designated as ranking junior to the Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares;
|
•
|
on parity with any other preferred or convertible preferred securities, including the Series E, Series F and Series G Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares; and
|
•
|
junior to all equity shares issued by us with terms specifically providing that those equity shares rank senior to the Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares with respect to rights of dividend payments and the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our company, or Liquidation Event, which issuance is subject to the approval of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares and any parity preference shares.
|
•
|
the redemption date;
|
•
|
the special redemption price;
|
•
|
a statement setting forth the calculation of such special redemption price;
|
•
|
the number of Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares to be redeemed;
|
•
|
the place or places where the certificates, if any, representing Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares are to be surrendered for payment of the redemption price;
|
•
|
procedures for surrendering noncertificated Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares for payment of the redemption price;
|
•
|
that dividends on the Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares to be redeemed will cease to accrue on such redemption date unless we fail to pay the redemption price on such date;
|
•
|
that payment of the redemption price and any accrued and unpaid dividends will be made upon presentation and surrender of such Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares;
|
•
|
that the Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares are being redeemed pursuant to our special redemption option right in connection with the occurrence of a Change of Control and a brief description of the transaction or transactions constituting such Change of Control; and
|
•
|
that the holders of the Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares to which the notice relates will not be able to tender such Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares for conversion in connection with the Change of Control and each Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares are tendered for conversion that is selected, prior to the Change of Control Conversion Date, for redemption will be redeemed on the related date of redemption instead of converted on the Change of Control Conversion Date.
|
•
|
the acquisition by any person, including any syndicate or group deemed to be a “person” under Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act, of beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, through a purchase, merger or other acquisition transaction or series of purchases, mergers or other acquisition transactions of securities of the Company entitling that person to exercise more than 50% of the total voting power of all shares of beneficial interest of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of our trustees (except that such person will be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all securities that such person has the right to acquire, whether such right is currently exercisable or is exercisable only upon the occurrence of a subsequent condition); and
|
•
|
following the closing of any transaction referred to in the bullet point above, neither we nor the acquiring or surviving entity has a class of common securities (or American Depositary Receipts representing such securities) listed on the NYSE, the NYSE MKT or the NASDAQ Stock Market, or NASDAQ, or listed or quoted on an exchange or quotation system that is a successor to the NYSE, the NYSE MKT or NASDAQ.
|
•
|
the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the sum of (x) the liquidation preference amount of $25.00 per Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Share, plus (y) any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon (whether or not declared) to, but excluding, the Change of Control Conversion Date (unless the Change of Control Conversion Date is after a record date for a Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares dividend payment for which dividends have been declared and prior to the corresponding Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares dividend payment date, in which case no additional amount for such accrued and unpaid dividend will be included in this sum and such declared dividend will instead be paid, on such dividend payment date, to the holder of record of the Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares to be converted as of 5:00 p.m. New York City time, on such record date) by (ii) the Class A Share Price (as defined below); and
|
•
|
the Share Cap, subject to certain adjustments;
|
•
|
the events constituting the Change of Control;
|
•
|
the date of the Change of Control;
|
•
|
the last date and time by which the holders of Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares may exercise their Change of Control Conversion Right;
|
•
|
the method and period for calculating the Class A Share Price;
|
•
|
the Change of Control Conversion Date;
|
•
|
that if, prior to the Change of Control Conversion Date, we have provided or provide notice of our election to redeem all or any portion of the Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares, holders will not be able to convert Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares designated for redemption and such shares will be redeemed on the related redemption date, even if such shares have already been tendered for conversion pursuant to the Change of Control Conversion Right;
|
•
|
if applicable, the type and amount of Alternative Conversion Consideration entitled to be received per Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Share;
|
•
|
the name and address of the paying agent and the conversion agent; and
|
•
|
the procedures that the holders of Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares must follow to exercise the Change of Control Conversion Right.
|
•
|
the relevant Change of Control Conversion Date;
|
•
|
the number of Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares to be converted; and
|
•
|
that the Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares are to be converted pursuant to the change of control conversion right held by holders of Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Shares.
|
Entity
|
|
State of Incorporation
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent SFR, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
ARPI REIT, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Residential GP, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent, L.P. (American Homes 4 Rent is the general partner of American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.)
|
|
DE
|
Entity
|
|
State of Incorporation
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent Management Holdings, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-AZ, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-CO, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-FL, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-GA, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-ID, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-IL, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-IN, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-KY, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-MS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-NC, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-NM, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-OH, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-OK, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-OR, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-SC, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-TN, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-TX, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-UT, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-WA, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Management-WI, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent Management, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent Properties One, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent Properties Three, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent Properties Five, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent Properties Six, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent Properties Seven, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent Properties Eight, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
Entity
|
|
State of Incorporation
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent Properties Ten, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Maintenance, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent TRS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMIP TRS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMIP Management, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Properties, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R-IL, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R-TN 3, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NC Development TRS, LP
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NC Development TRS LP, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NC Properties Two, LP
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NC Development, LP
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NC Properties, L.P.
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
RJ American Homes 4 Rent One, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
RJ American Homes 4 Rent Two, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2014-1 Borrower, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2014-2 Equity Owner, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2014-2 Borrower GP, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2014-2 Borrower, L.P.
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2014-3 Equity Owner, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2014-3 Borrower GP, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2014-3 Borrower, L.P.
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2015-1 Equity Owner, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2015-1 Borrower GP, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2015-1 Borrower, L.P.
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2015-2 Equity Owner, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2015-2 Borrower GP, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2015-2 Borrower, L.P.
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes 4 Rent II, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Roman Two AZ, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Roman Two FL, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Roman Two GA, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Roman Two NC, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Roman Two NV, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Roman Two OR, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Roman Two SC, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Roman Two TN, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Roman Two TX, LLC
|
|
DE
|
Entity
|
|
State of Incorporation
|
|
|
|
AMH Roman Two WA, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
New ARP GP, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Residential Properties OP, L.P.
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Residential Leasing Company, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
ARP 2014-1 Borrower, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Addison Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Creekside Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Verrado Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R Properties Two, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AH4R TN Properties Two, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AHI Bell Lake, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AHI Borrower GP, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AHI Borrower, LP
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AHI Equity Owner, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
American Homes Investments, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2020 Portfolio Z, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH 2020 Portfolio ZB, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Blackstone Development TRS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Burlingame Development TRS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Cedar Crossing Development TRS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Davenport Development TRS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Development Florida GC, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Development Georgia GC, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Development North Carolina GC, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Development South Carolina GC, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Development Tennessee GC, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Development West GC, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Franklin Goldmine Development TRS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Hawkes Landing Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH HB Development Manager, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH HB Investments, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH HB Venture, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Marshfield Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Mountain Springs Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NB Development Baker Creek OR, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NB Development Chatham Walk FL, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NB Development FL, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NB Development WA, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NV Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
Entity
|
|
State of Incorporation
|
|
|
|
AMH NV2 Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NV3 Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NV4 Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NV5 Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH NV6 Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Perelle Meadows TRS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Portfolio Z, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Portfolio ZB, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Produce Lane Development TRS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Rivercross Development TRS, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH TN Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
AMH Victory Landing Development, LLC
|
|
DE
|
(1)
|
Registration Statement (Form S-3ASR No. 333-221878) of American Homes 4 Rent and American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.;
|
(2)
|
Registration Statement (Form S-3ASR No. 333-219720) of American Homes 4 Rent;
|
(3)
|
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-190349) pertaining to the American Homes 4 Rent 2012 Equity Incentive Plan; and
|
(4)
|
Registration Statement (Form S-3ASR No. 333-210103) pertaining to the sale of Class A common shares by selling shareholders;
|
/s/ Ernst and Young, LLP
|
1.
|
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of American Homes 4 Rent;
|
2.
|
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
|
3.
|
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
|
4.
|
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
|
a)
|
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
|
b)
|
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
|
c)
|
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
|
d)
|
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
|
5.
|
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
|
a)
|
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
|
b)
|
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
|
|
/s/ DAVID P. SINGELYN
|
|
|
Name:
|
David P. Singelyn
|
|
Title:
|
Chief Executive Officer
|
|
Date:
|
February 28, 2020
|
1.
|
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of American Homes 4 Rent;
|
2.
|
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
|
3.
|
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
|
4.
|
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
|
a)
|
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
|
b)
|
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
|
c)
|
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
|
d)
|
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
|
5.
|
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
|
a)
|
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
|
b)
|
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
|
|
/s/ CHRISTOPHER C. LAU
|
|
|
Name:
|
Christopher C. Lau
|
|
Title:
|
Chief Financial Officer
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Date:
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February 28, 2020
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1.
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I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.;
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2.
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Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
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3.
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Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
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4.
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The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
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a)
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Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
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b)
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Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
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c)
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Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
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d)
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Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
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5.
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The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
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a)
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All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
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b)
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Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
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/s/ DAVID P. SINGELYN
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Name:
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David P. Singelyn
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Title:
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Chief Executive Officer
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American Homes 4 Rent, general partner of American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.
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Date:
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February 28, 2020
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1.
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I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.;
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2.
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Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
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3.
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Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
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4.
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The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
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a)
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Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
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b)
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Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
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c)
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Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
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d)
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Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
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5.
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The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
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a)
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All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
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b)
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Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
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/s/ CHRISTOPHER C. LAU
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Name:
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Christopher C. Lau
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Title:
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Chief Financial Officer
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American Homes 4 Rent, general partner of American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.
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Date:
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February 28, 2020
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(1)
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The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
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(2)
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The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
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/s/ DAVID P. SINGELYN
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David P. Singelyn
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Chief Executive Officer
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/s/ CHRISTOPHER C. LAU
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Christopher C. Lau
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Chief Financial Officer
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(1)
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The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
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(2)
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The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Operating Partnership.
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/s/ DAVID P. SINGELYN
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David P. Singelyn
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Chief Executive Officer
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American Homes 4 Rent, general partner of
American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.
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/s/ CHRISTOPHER C. LAU
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Christopher C. Lau
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Chief Financial Officer
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American Homes 4 Rent, general partner of
American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.
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