Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



1.    Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Ferro Corporation (“Ferro,” “we,” “us” or “the Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q, and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. These statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 .



As discussed in Note 3, in the third quarter of 2016,   w e completed the disposition of the Europe-based Polymer Additives business and have classified the related operating results, net of income tax, as discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of oper ations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 .



During the first quarter of 2017, the Company renamed the Pigment s, Powders and Oxides segment   “ C olor Solutions ” to align with our go-to-market strategy.



Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , are not necessarily indicative of the results expected in subsequent quarters or for the full year ending December 31, 2017 .  





2.    Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation: ( Topic 718 ) : Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.  ASU 2016-09 is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This new guidance requires all income tax effects of awards to be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. Cash flow related to excess tax benefits will no longer be classified as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows but will be presented with all other income tax cash flows as an operating activity. The new guidance also provides an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur.  Finally, the updated standard also allows the Company to repurchase more of an employee’s shares for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and clarifies that all cash tax payments made on an employee’s behalf for withhe ld shares should be presented as financing activities on the statement of cash flows.



The Company adopted ASU 2016-09, in the first quarter of 2017.  As a result of the adoption, tax benefits of $ 0.3 million were r ecorded in income tax expense. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur .   In addition, the Company elected to apply the presentation requirements for cash flows related to excess tax benefits prospectively.  The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares had no impact on the statements of cash flows since the Company has historically presented such payments as financing activities. 



New   Accounting Standards

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation – Retirement Benefits: ( Topic 715 ) : Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Costs.  ASU 2017-07 requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. The other components of net benefit costs are to be presented in the income statement separately from the service costs component and outside a

subtotal of income from operations.  Employers will have to disclose the line(s) used to present the other components of net periodic benefit cost, if the components are not presented separately in the income statement .   This pronouncement is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other: ( Topic 350 ) : Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.  ASU 2017-04 is intended to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. This pr onouncement is effective for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations: ( Topic 805 ) : Clarifying the Definition of a Business. ASU 2017-01 is intended to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or dispositions) of assets or businesses. This pr onouncement is effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including inte rim periods within those fiscal years .  The Company is in the process of assessing the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes: ( Topic 740 ) : Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.  ASU 2016-16 is intended to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory and requires the recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. This pr onouncement is effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted.  The Company is in the process of assessing the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flow: ( Topic 230 ) : Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.  ASU 2016-15 is intended to address eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice.  This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted.  The Company is in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.



In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases: ( Topic 842 ) .  ASU 2016-02 requires companies to recognize a lease liability and asset on the balance sheet for operating leases with a term greater than one year.  This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted.  The Company is in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.



In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: ( Topic 606 ) . This ASU replaces nearly all existing U.S. GAAP guidance on revenue recognition. The standard prescribes a five-step model for recognizing revenue, the application of which will require significant judgment. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017.  Our evaluation of ASU 2014-09 is ongoing.  While we anticipate some changes to revenue recognition for certain customer contracts, we do not currently believe ASU 2014-09 will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.



No other new accounting pronouncements issued or with effective dates during fiscal 2017 had or are expected to have a material impact of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.



3.    Discontinued Operations



During 2014, we commenced a process to market for sale our Europe-based Polymer Additives business.  We determined that the criteria to classify these assets as held-for-sal e under ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, were met. On August 22, 2016, we completed the disposition of the Europe-based Polymer Additives business to Plahoma Two AG, an affiliate of the LIVIA Group.  We have classified the Europe-based Polymer Additives   operating results, net of income tax, as discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 .  



The table below summarizes results for the Europe-based Polymer Additives assets, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 , which are reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of operations as discontinued operations.  Interest expense has been allocated to the discontinued operations based on the ratio of net assets of each business to consolidated net assets excluding debt.





























4.     Acquisitions

Cappelle

On December 9, 2016, the Company acquired 100% of the share capital of Belgium-based Cappelle Pigments NV (“Cappelle”), a leader in specialty, high-performance inorganic and organic pigments used in coatings, inks and plastics, for €40.0 million (approximately $42.4 million).  The acquired business contributed net sales of $ 19 . 0 million and net income attributable to Ferro Corporation of $ 0 . 6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 .  

The information included herein has been prepared based on the   preliminary allocation of the purchase price using   estimates of the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which were determined with the assistance of third parties who performed independent valuations using discounted cash flow and comparative market approaches and estimates made by management.   As of March 31, 2017 , the purchase price allocation is subject to further adjustment until all information is fully evaluated by the Company. The Com pany preliminarily recorded $28.6 million of net working capital,   $24.1 million of pers onal and real property, $10.3 million of debt ,   $3.5 million of goodwill and   $3.5 milli on of a deferred tax liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

ESL

On October 31, 2016, the Company acquired 100% of the membership interest of Electro-Science Laboratories, Inc. (“ESL”), a leader in electronic packaging materials , for $78. 5 million.  ESL is headquartered in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.  The acquisition of ESL enhances the Company’s position in the electronic packaging materials space with co mplementary products, and provides a platform for growth in our Performance Colors and Glass segment.  ESL produces thick-film pastes and ceramics tape systems that enable important functionality in a wide variety of industrial and consumer applications.  The acquired business con tributed net sales of $10 . 8 million and net income attributable to Ferro Corporation of $0. 8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 . The Company

incurred acquisition costs for the three months ended March 31, 2017 , of $ 0 . 3 million, which is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.



The information included herein has been prepared based on the   preliminary allocation of the purchase price using   estimates of the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which were determined with the assistance of third parties who performed independent valuations using discounted cash flow and comparative market approaches and estimates made by management.   As of March 31, 2017 , the purchase price allocation is subject to further adjustment until all information is fully evaluated by the Company. The Company preliminarily recorded $39. 7 million of intangible assets, $19. 0 million of goodwill, $18 . 9 million of net working capital, $2.9 millio n of personal and real property and   $2.0 million of a deferred tax liability related to the am ortizable intangibles assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.



Delta Performance Products



On August 1 , 2016, the Company acquired certain assets of Delta Performance Products, LLC, for a cash purchase price of $4.4 million. The information included herein has been prepared based on the   preliminary allocation of the purchase price using   estimates of the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which were determined with the assistance of third parties who performed independent valuations using discounted cash flow and comparative market approaches and estimates made by management. As of March 31, 2017 , the purchase price allocation is subject to further adjustment until all information is fully evaluated by the Company. The Company preliminarily recorded $3.2 million of amortizable intangible assets,   $0.6 million of net working capital ,   $0 . 4 million of goodwill and   $0 .2 mil lion of a deferred tax asset on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.



Pinturas

On June 1, 2016, the Company acquired 100% of the equity of privately held Pinturas Benicarló, S.L. (“Pinturas”) for €16. 5 million in cash (approximately $18. 4 million). The information included herein has been prepared based on the preliminary allocation of the purchase price using estimates of the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which were determined with the assistance of third parties who performed independent valuations using discounted cash flow and comparative market approaches and estimates made by management. As of March 31, 2017 , the purchase price allocation is subject to further adjustment until all information is fully evaluated by the Company. The Company preliminarily recorded $8. 8 million of amortizable intangible assets,   $7. 7 million of net working capital ,   $3. 9 million of goodwill,   $2. 7 million of a deferred tax liability related to the amortizable intangible assets , and   $0.7 million of personal and real property on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. 



Ferer



On January 5, 2016, the Company completed the purchase of 100% of the equity of privately held Istanbul-based Ferer Dis Ticaret Ve Kimyasallar Anonim Sirketi A.S. (“Ferer”) on a cash-free and debt-free basis for approximately $9. 4 million in cash. The information included herein has been p repared based on the allocation of the p urchase price using the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which were determined with the assistance of third parties who performed independent valuations using discounted cash flow and comparative market approaches and estimates made by management. The Company recorded   $4. 5 million of goodwill ,   $3. 3 million of amortizable intangible assets, $1. 7 million of net working capital,   $0. 7 million of a deferred tax liability related to the amortizable intangible assets and $0. 6 millio n of personal and real property on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. 







5.    Inventories







In the production of some of our products, we use precious metals, some of which we obtain from financial institutions under consignment agreements with terms of one year or less. The financial institutions retain ownership of the precious metals and charge us fees based on the amou nts we consign. These fees were $0.2 million for the three months ended   March 31, 2017 and 2016 . We had on- hand precious metals owned by participants in our precious metals consignment program of $31.9   million at March 31, 2017 , and $28.7 m illion at December 31, 2016 , measured at fair value based on market prices for identical assets and net of credits.



6.    Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $452.2  million at March 31, 2017 , and $439.4 million at December 31, 2016 . Unpaid capital expenditure liabilities, which are non-cash investing activities, were $2.5  million at March 31, 2017 , and $3.5 million at March 31, 2016 . 

We recorded a $3.9 million gain on sale of a closed site in Australia which was recorded in Miscellaneous (income) , net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016.



As discussed in Note 3, o ur Europe-based Polymer Additives assets had been classified as held-for-sale under ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment until the ultimate sale of the business in August 2016 . As such, at each historical reporting date, these assets were tested for impairment comparing the fair value of the assets , less costs to sell , to the carrying value.  The fair value was determined using both the m arket approach and income approach, utilizing Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy, which indicated the fair value , less costs to sell , was less than the carrying value during the first quarter of 2016, resulting in an impairment charge of $24.1 million, representing the remaining carrying value of long-lived assets at that reporting date .  The impairment charge of $24.1 million is included in Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 .    





7.   Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets  

Details and activity in the Company’s goodwill by segment follow:





Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in the acquisition.







Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and between annual tests if an event occurs, or circumstances change, that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. As of March 31, 2017, the Company is not aware of any events or circumstances that occurred which would require a goodwill impairment test.

Amortizable intangible assets consisted of the following:





Indefinite-lived intangible assets consisted of the following:







































8.    Debt

Loans payable and current portion of long-term debt consisted of the following:





Long-term debt consisted of the following:





(1) T he carrying value of the term loan facility, maturing 2021, is net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.7 million.

(2) T he carrying value of the term loan facility, maturing 2024, is net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $8.2 million.



2014 Credit Facility

In 2014, the Company entered into a credit facility that was amended on January 25, 2016 , and August 29, 2016 ,   resulting in a   $400 million secured revolving line of credit with a term of five years and a $300 million secured term loan facility with a term of seven years from the original issuance date (the “Previous Credit Facility”) with a group of lenders that was replaced on February 14, 2017 by the Credit Facility (as defined below).  For discussion of the Company’s Previous Credit Facility, refer to Note 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 .

In conjunction with the refinancing of the Previous Credit Facility, we recorded a charge of $3.9 million in connection with the write-off of unamortized issuance costs, which is recorded within Loss of extinguishment of debt in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

2017 Credit Facility

On February 14, 2017, the Company entered into a new credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with a group of lenders to refinance its then outstanding credit facility debt and to provide liquidity for ongoing working capital requirements and general corporate purposes.

The Credit Facility consists of a $400 million secured revolving line of credit with a term of five years, a $357.5 million secured term loan facility with a term of seven years and a €250 million secured euro term loan facility with a term of seven years. The term loans are payable in equal quarterly installments in an amount equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of the term loans, with the remaining balance due on the maturity date thereof.  In addition, the Company is required, on an annual basis, to make a prepayment of term loans until they are fully paid and then to the revolving loans in an amount equal to a portion of the Company’s excess cash flow, as calculated pursuant to the Credit Facility.

Subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company can request additional commitments under the revolving line of credit or term loans in the aggregate principal amount of up to $250 million to the extent that existing or new lenders agree to provide such additional commitments and/or term loans and, certain additional debt subject to satisfaction of certain covenant levels.

Certain of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries have guaranteed the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility and such obligations are secured by (a) substantially all of the personal property of the Company and the U.S. subsidiary guarantors and (b) a pledge of 100% of the stock of certain of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries and 65% of the stock of certain of the Company’s direct foreign subsidiaries.

Interest Rate – Term Loans:  The interest rates applicable to the U.S. term loans will be, at the Company’s option, equal to either a base rate or a LIBOR rate plus, in both cases, an applicable margin.  The interest rates applicable to the Euro term loans will be a Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) rate plus an applicable margin.

At March 31, 2017, the Company had borrowed $357.5 million under the secured t erm loan facility at an interest rate of 3.54% and €250 million under the secured euro term loan facility at an interest rate of 2.75% . At March 31, 2017, there were no additional borrowings available under the term loan facilities.

Interest Rate – Revolving Credit Line:  The interest rates applicable to loans under the revolving credit line will be, at the Company’s option, equal to either a base rate or a LIBOR rate plus, in both cases, an applicable variable margin.  The variable margin will be based on the ratio of (a) the Company’s total consolidated net debt outstanding at such time to (b) the Company’s consolidated EBITDA computed for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters most recently ended.

At March 31, 2017, there were no borrowings under the revolving credit line. After reductions for outstanding letters of credit secured by these facilities, we had $395.6 million of additional borrowings available under the revolving credit facilities at March 31, 2017.

The Credit Facility contains customary restrictive covenants including, but not limited to, limitations on use of loan proceeds, limitations on the Company’s ability to pay dividends and repurchase stock, limitations on acquisitions and dispositions, and limitations on certain types of investments. The Credit Facility also contains standard provisions relating to conditions of borrowing and customary events of default, including the non-payment of obligations by the Company and the bankruptcy of the Company.

Specific to the revolving credit facility, the Company is subject to a financial covenant regarding the Company’s maximum leverage ratio.  If an event of default occurs, all amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility may be accelerated and become immediately due and payable.  At March 31, 2017, we were in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Facility.



Other Financing Arrangements

We maintain other lines of credit to provide global flexibility for our short-term liquidity requirements. These facilities are uncommitted lines for our international operations and totaled $33.1 million and $7.3 million at March 31, 2017 ,   and December 31, 2016 , respectively. The unused portions of these lines provided additional liquidity of $32.0 million at March 31, 2017 , and $6.7 million at December 31, 2016 .





9.    Financial Instruments

The following financial instrument assets (liabilities) are presented at their respective carrying amount, fair value and classification within the fair value hierarchy:











(1) The carrying value of the term loan facility is net of unamortized debt issuance costs.



The fair values of cash and cash equivalents are based on the fair values of identical assets. The fair values of loans payable are based on the present value of expected future cash flows and approximate their carrying amounts due to t he short periods to maturity.  At March 31, 2017, the fair value of the term loan fac ility is based on market price information and is measure d using the last available bid price of the instrument on a secondary market and at December 31, 2016, is based on the present value of expected future cash flows and interest rates that would be currently available to the Company for issuance of similar types of debt instruments with similar terms and remaining maturities adjusted for the Company's non-performance risk .  T he revolving credit facility and other long-term notes payable are based on the present value of expected future cash flows and interest rates that would be currently available to the Company for issuance of similar types of debt instruments with similar terms and remaining maturities adjusted for the Company's non-performance risk. 

Derivative Instruments



Foreign currency forward contracts.   We manage foreign currency risks principally by entering into forward contracts to mitigate the impact of currency fluctuations on transactions. These forward contracts are not formally designated as hedges. Gains and losses on these foreign currency forward contracts are netted with gains and losses from currency fluctuations on transactions arising from international trade and reported as Foreign currency (gains) losses, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We recognized net foreign currency gains of   $0.3 million in the three months ended   March 31, 2017 , and net foreign currency losses of $1.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 , which is primarily comprised of the foreign exchange impact on transactions in countries where it is not economically feasible for us to enter into hedging arrangements and hedging inefficiencies, such as timing of transactions. We   recognized net gains of $0.2 million in the three months ended   March 31, 2017 , and net losses of $10.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 ,   arising from the change in fair value of our financial instruments, which offset the related net gains and losses on international trade transactions. The fair values of these contracts are based on market prices for comparable contracts. The notional amount of foreign currency forward contracts was $188.2 million at March 31, 2017 , and $338.2 million at December 31, 2016 .

The following table presents the effect on our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, of our foreign currency forward contracts:













The following table presents the fair values on our condensed consolidated balance sheets of foreign currency forward contracts:





















10.    Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three   months ended March 31, 2017 , was $7.1 million, or 24.4 % of p re-tax income, compared with $8.0 million, or 28.9 % of pre-tax income in the prior-year same period.  The tax expense in the first quarter of 2017 and 2016, as a percentage of pre-tax income, is lower than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 35% primarily as a result of foreign statutory rate differences.





11.    Contingent Liabilities

We have recorded environmental liabilities of $7.3  m illion at March 31, 2017 , and $7.2 million at December 31, 2016 , for costs associated with the remediation of certain of our properties that hav e been contaminated. The liability at March 31, 2017 , and December 31, 2016 , was primarily related to a non-operating facility in Brazil, and for retained environmental obligations related to a site in the United States that was part of the sale of our North American and Asian metal powders product lines in 2013. The costs include legal and consulting fees, site studies, the design and implementation of remediation plans, post-remediation monitoring and related activities. The ultimate liability could be affected by numerous uncertainties, including the extent of contamination found, the required period of monitoring and the ultimate cost of required remediation.

In 2013, the Supreme Court in Argentina ruled unfavorably related to certain export taxes associated with a divested operation.  As a result of this ruling, we recorded a n   $8 . 7 million liability   December 31, 2016 .   During the first quarter of 2017, the Company participated in a   newly available tax regime , resulting in the reduction of interest on these outstanding tax liabilities of $4.5 million.  The liabi lity recorded at March 31, 2017, is $4.6 million , an d will be paid down over a five -y ear term .

There are various lawsuits and claims pending against the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. We do not currently expect the resolution of these lawsuits and claims to materially affect the consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.



12.    Retirement Benefits

Net periodic benefit (credit) cost of our U.S. pension plans (including our unfunded nonqualified plans), non-U.S. pension plans, and postretirement health care and life insurance benefit plans for the three months ended   March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, follow:

















13.    Stock-Based Compensation

On May 22, 2013, our shareholders approved the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), which was adopted by the Board of Directors on February 22, 2013, subject to shareholder approval. The Plan’s purpose is to promote the Company’s long-term financial interests and growth by attracting, retaining and motivating high quality key employees and directors, motivating such employees and directors to achieve the Company’s short- and long-range p erformance goals and objectives and thereby align  t heir interests with those of the Company’s shareholders. The Plan reserves 4,400,000 shares of common stock to be issued for grants of several different types of long-term incentives including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restric ted shares, performance shares, other common stock- based awards, and dividend equivalent rights.



In the first quarter of 2017 , our Board of Directors granted 0. 2  million stock options, 0.2  million performance share units and 0. 2  million restricted stock units under the Plan.    

We estimate the fair value of each stock option on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table details the weighted-average grant-date fair values and the assumptions used for estimating the fair values of stock option grants made during the three months ended   March 31, 2017 :







The weighted average grant date fair value of our performance share units granted in the three months ended March 31, 2017 , was $ 14 . 89 .  We measure the fair value of performance share units based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of the grant. These shares are evaluated each reporting period for likelihood of achieving the performance criteria.

We me asure the fair value of restricted stock units based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of the grant . The restricted stock units vest over three years . The weighted-average grant date fair value per unit for grants made during the three months ended   March 31, 2017 , was $ 14 . 27 .

We recognized stock-based compensation expense of $2.7  million for the three months ended   March 31, 2017 , and $1.6  million for the three months ended   March 31, 2016 . At March 31, 2017 , unearned compensation cost related to the unvested portion of all stock-based compensation awards was approximately $10.4 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period of the respective grants , through the first quarter of 2020 .





14.    Restructuring and Cost Reduction Programs

Total restructuring and impairment charges were   approximately $ 3 .0  million and $0 . 9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 ,   and March 31, 2016, respectively.



The activities and accruals summarized below are primarily related to costs associated with integration of our recent acquisitions :







We expect to make cash payments to settle the remaining li ability for employee severance benefits and other costs primarily   over the next twelve months where applicable , except where legal or contractual obliga tions would require it to extend beyond that period .





15.    Earnings Per Share

Details of the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share are shown below: