NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of Presentation

Basis of presentation - The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Patterson-UTI Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Except for wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Company has no controlling financial interests in any entity which would require consolidation.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management of the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes the disclosures included either on the face of the financial statements or herein are sufficient to make the information presented not misleading. In the opinion of management, all recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the information in conformity with U.S. GAAP have been included. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, as presented herein, was derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Company, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for all of the Company’s operations except for its Canadian operations, which use the Canadian dollar as its functional currency. The effects of exchange rate changes are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

On December 12, 2016, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “merger agreement”) with Seventy Seven Energy Inc. (“SSE”), and the merger closed on April 20, 2017 (the “merger date”).  The Company’s results include the results of operations of SSE since the merger date (See Note 2).  On October 11, 2017, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding limited liability company interests of MS Directional, LLC (f/k/a Multi-Shot, LLC) (“MS Directional”).  The Company’s results include the results of operations of MS Directional since October 11, 2017 (See Note 2).  The acquisition of MS Directional created a new directional drilling reporting segment for the Company (See Note 14).

Recently Issued Accounting Standards – In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update to provide guidance on the recognition of revenue from customers.  Under this guidance, an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects what it expects in exchange for the goods or services.  This guidance also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of the financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty, if any, of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  The Company adopted this new revenue guidance effective January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective method, and expanded its consolidated financial statement disclosures in order to comply with the update (See Note 3).  The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  

In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide guidance for the accounting for leasing transactions.  The standard requires the lessee to recognize a lease liability along with a right-of-use asset for all leases with a term longer than one year.  A lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset to not recognize the lease liability and related right-of-use asset for leases with a term of one year or less.  The provisions of this standard also apply to situations where the Company is the lessor and may require the Company to separately account for lease components from non-lease components within a contract.  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to clarify the presentation of cash receipts and payments in specific situations on the statement of cash flows.  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017.  The adoption of this update on January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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In May 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that provided clarity on which changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting provisions .  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017.   The adoption of this update on January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial sta tements.

In March 2018, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to update the income tax accounting in U.S. GAAP to reflect the SEC interpretive guidance released on December 22, 2017, when significant U.S. tax law changes were enacted with the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform”).  The adoption of this update in March 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, as the Company was already following the SEC guidance.  See Note 12 for additional information.

2. Acquisitions

Seventy Seven Energy Inc. (“SSE”)

On April 20, 2017, pursuant to the merger agreement, a subsidiary of the Company was merged with and into SSE, with SSE continuing as the surviving entity and one of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries (the “SSE merger”). Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of SSE, in exchange for approximately 46.3 million shares of common stock of the Company. Concurrent with the closing of the merger, the Company repaid all of the outstanding debt of SSE totaling $472 million.  Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on April 20, 2017, the total fair value of the consideration transferred to effect the acquisition of SSE was approximately $1.5 billion.  On April 20, 2017, following the SSE merger, SSE was merged with and into a newly-formed subsidiary of the Company named Seventy Seven Energy LLC (“SSE LLC”), with SSE LLC continuing as the surviving entity and one of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries.

Through the SSE merger, the Company acquired a fleet of 91 drilling rigs, 36 of which the Company considers to be APEX® rigs. Additionally, through the SSE merger, the Company acquired approximately 500,000 horsepower of fracturing equipment.  The oilfield rentals business acquired through the SSE merger has a fleet of premium rental tools, and it provides specialized services for land-based oil and natural gas drilling, completion and workover activities.  

The merger has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method.  Under the acquisition method of accounting, the fair value of the consideration transferred is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with the remaining unallocated amount recorded as goodwill.  

The total fair value of the consideration transferred was determined as follows (in thousands, except stock price):

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The following table represents the final allocation of the total purchase price of SSE to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the fair value at the merger date, with the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired record ed as goodwill (in thousands):  

The goodwill reflected above has decreased $1.9 million from the original preliminary purchase price allocation as a result of measurement period adjustments, primarily related to a valuation adjustment to a long-term asset offset by valuation adjustments to accounts payable and accrued liabilities and deferred income taxes.

The acquired goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.  Among the factors that contributed to a purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill was SSE’s reputation as an experienced provider of high-quality contract drilling and pressure pumping services in a safe and efficient manner, access to new geographies, access to new product lines, increased scale of operations, supply chain and corporate efficiencies as well as infrastructure optimization.  The acquired goodwill was attributable to three operating segments, with $309 million to contract drilling, $121 million to pressure pumping and $6.3 million to oilfield rentals.

A portion of the fair value consideration transferred has been provisionally assigned to identifiable intangible assets as follows:

MS Directional

On October 11, 2017, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding limited liability company interests of MS Directional.  The aggregate consideration paid by the Company consisted of $69.8 million in cash and approximately 8.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock.  The purchase price was subject to customary post-closing adjustments relating to cash, net working capital and indebtedness of MS Directional as of the closing.  Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the closing date of the transaction, the total fair value of the consideration transferred to effect the acquisition of MS Directional was approximately $257 million.  

MS Directional is a leading directional drilling services company in the United States, with operations in most major producing onshore oil and gas basins.  MS Directional provides a comprehensive suite of directional drilling services, including directional drilling, downhole performance motors, directional surveying, measurement while drilling, and wireline steering tools.  

The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method.  Under the acquisition method of accounting, the fair value of the consideration transferred is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with the remaining unallocated amount recorded as goodwill.

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The total fair value of the consideration transferred was determined as follows (in thousands, except stock price):

The final determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date will be completed as soon as possible, but no later than one year from the acquisition date (the “measurement period”).  The Company’s preliminary purchase price allocation is subject to revision as additional information about the fair value of assets and liabilities becomes available.  Additional information that existed as of the acquisition date, but at the time was unknown to the Company, may become known to the Company during the remainder of the measurement period.  The final determination of fair value may differ materially from these preliminary estimates.  The following table represents the preliminary allocation of the total purchase price of MS Directional to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the fair value at the merger date, with the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired recorded as goodwill (in thousands):

The acquired goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.  Among the factors that contributed to a purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill was MS Directional’s reputation as an experienced provider of high-quality directional drilling services in a safe and efficient manner, access to new product lines, favorable market trends underlying these new business lines, earnings and growth opportunities and future technology development possibilities. All of the goodwill acquired is attributable to the directional drilling operating segment.

A portion of the fair value consideration transferred has been provisionally assigned to identifiable intangible assets as follows:

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Pro Forma

The results of SSE’s operations since the SSE merger date of April 20, 2017 and the results of MS Directional since the acquisition date of October 11, 2017 are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations.  It is impractical to quantify the contribution of the SSE operations since the merger, as the contract drilling and pressure pumping businesses were fully integrated into the Company’s existing operations in 2017.  The contribution of MS Directional for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 accounts for substantially all of the Company’s directional drilling segment.  The following pro forma condensed combined financial information was derived from the historical financial statements of the Company, SSE and MS Directional and gives effect to the acquisitions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2016.  The below information reflects pro forma adjustments based on available information and certain assumptions the Company believes are reasonable, including (i) adjustments related to the depreciation and amortization of the fair value of acquired intangibles and fixed assets, (ii) removal of the historical interest expense of the acquired entities, (iii) the tax benefit of the aforementioned pro forma adjustments, and (iv) adjustments related to the common shares outstanding to reflect the impact of the consideration exchanged in the acquisitions. Additionally, the pro forma loss for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was adjusted to exclude the Company’s merger and integration-related costs of $51.2 million and SSE’s merger-related costs of $28.7 million.  The pro forma loss for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was adjusted to exclude the Company’s merger and integration related costs of $56.3 million and SSE’s merger-related costs of $36.7 million.  The pro forma results of operations do not include any cost savings or other synergies that may result from the SSE merger or MS Directional acquisition.  The pro forma results of operations also do not include any estimated costs that have been or will be incurred by the Company to integrate the SSE and MS Directional operations.  The pro forma condensed combined financial information has been included for comparative purposes and are not necessarily indicative of the results that might have actually occurred had the SSE merger and MS Directional acquisition taken place on January 1, 2016; furthermore, the financial information is not intended to be a projection of future results.  The following table summarizes selected financial information of the Company on a pro forma basis (in thousands, except per share data):

Superior QC, LLC (“Superior QC”)

During February 2018, the Company acquired the business of Superior QC, including its assets and intellectual property.  Superior QC is a provider of software used to improve the accuracy of horizontal wellbore placement.  Superior QC’s measurement while drilling (MWD) survey fault detection, isolation and recovery (FDIR) service is a new data analytics technology to analyze MWD survey data in real-time and more accurately identify the position of the well.  The results of operations for the acquired Superior QC business are reported under the Company’s directional drilling business segment.  This acquisition was not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

3. Revenues

ASC Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new revenue guidance under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , using the modified retrospective method for contracts that were not complete at December 31, 2017.  The adoption of the new accounting standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and a cumulative adjustment was not recognized. Revenues for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606 while revenues prior to January 1, 2018 continue to be reported under previous revenue recognition requirements of Topic 605.

The Company’s contracts with customers include both long-term and short-term contracts.  Services that primarily drive revenue earned for the Company include the operating business segments of contract drilling, pressure pumping and directional drilling that comprise the Company’s reportable segments.  The Company also derives revenues from its other operations which include the Company’s operating business segments of oilfield rentals, oilfield technology, and oil and natural gas working interests.  For more information on the Company’s business segments, see Note 14.

Charges for services are considered a series of distinct services.  Since each distinct service in a series would be satisfied over time if it were accounted for separately, and the entity would measure its progress towards satisfaction using the same measure of progress for each distinct service in the series, the Company is able to account for these integrated services as a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time.

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The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exch ange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer , based on terms of the Company’s contracts with its customers . The consideration promised in a contract with a customer may include fixed amounts and/or variable amounts. Payments received fo r services are considered variable consideration as the time in service will fluctuate as the services are provided.  Topic 606 provides an allocation exception, which allows the Company to allocate variable consideration to one or more distinct services p romised in a series of distinct services that form part of a single performance obligation as long as certain criteria are met.  These criteria state that the variable payment must relate specifically to the entity’s efforts to satisfy the performance obli gation or transfer the distinct good or service, and allocation of the variable consideration is consistent with the standards’ allocation objective.  Since payments received for services meet both of these criteria requirements, the Company recognizes rev enue when the service is performed.  

An estimate of variable consideration should be constrained to the extent that it is not probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Payments received for other types of consideration are fully constrained as they are highly susceptible to factors outside the entity’s influence and therefore could be subject to a significant revenue reversal once resolved.  As such, revenue received for these types of consideration is recognized when the service is performed.  There are no unsatisfied performance obligations for which consideration is received.

Estimates of variable consideration are subject to change as facts and circumstances evolve.  As such, the Company will evaluate its estimates of variable consideration that are subject to constraints throughout the contract period and revise estimates, if necessary, at the end of each reporting period.

The Company is a working interest owner of oil and natural gas properties located in Texas and New Mexico.  The ownership terms are outlined in joint operating agreements for each well between the operator of the wells and the various interest owners, including the Company, who are considered non-operators of the well. The Company receives revenue each period for its working interest in the well during the period.  The revenue received for the working interests from these oil and gas properties does not fall under the scope of the new revenue standard, and therefore, will continue to be reported under current guidance ASC 932-323 Extractive Activities – Oil and Gas, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures.

Reimbursement Revenue – Reimbursements for the purchase of supplies, equipment, personnel services, shipping and other services that are provided at the request of the Company’s customers are recorded as revenue when incurred.  The related costs are recorded as operating expenses when incurred.

The Company’s disaggregated revenue recognized from contracts with customers is included in Note 14.

Accounts Receivable and Contract Liabilities

Accounts receivable is the Company’s right to consideration once it becomes unconditional.  Payment terms range from 30 to 60 days.

Accounts receivable balances were $598 million and $577 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  These balances do not include amounts related to the Company’s oil and gas working interests as those contracts are excluded from Topic 606.  Accounts receivable balances are included in “Accounts Receivable” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  

The Company does not have any contract asset balances, and as such, contract balances are not presented at the net amount at a contract level.  Contract liabilities include prepayments received from customers prior to the requested services being completed.  Once the services are complete and have been invoiced, the prepayment is applied against the customer’s account to offset the accounts receivable balance.  Also included in contract liabilities are payments received from customers for the initial mobilization of newly constructed or upgraded rigs that were moved on location to the initial well site.  These mobilization payments are allocated to the overall performance obligation and amortized over the initial term of the contract. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, contract liabilities increased approximately $669,000 due to customer payments relating to the initial mobilization of upgraded rigs, and decreased approximately $802,000 due to amounts amortized and recorded in drilling revenue.

Contract liability balances for customer prepayments were $2.2 million and $9.1 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  Contract liability balances for deferred mobilization payments relating to newly constructed or upgraded rigs were $4.6 million and $4.7 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Contract liability balances for customer prepayments are included in “Accounts Payable” and contract liability balances for deferred mobilization payments are included in “Accrued Liabilities” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contract Costs

Costs incurred for newly constructed or rig upgrades based on a contract with a customer are considered capital improvements and are capitalized to drilling equipment and depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset.  

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Practical Expedients Adopted with Topic 606

The Company has elected to adopt the following practical expedients upon the transition date to Topic 606 on January 1, 2018:

4. Inventory

Inventory consisted of the following at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

5. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its fleet of drilling rigs for marketability based on the condition of inactive rigs, expenditures that would be necessary to bring them to working condition and the expected demand for drilling services by rig type.  The components comprising rigs that will no longer be marketed are evaluated, and those components with continuing utility to the Company’s other marketed rigs are transferred to other rigs or to the Company’s yards to be used as spare equipment.  The remaining components of these rigs are retired.  

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In addition, t he Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable (a “triggering event”) .  Based on recent commodity prices, the Company’s results of operations for the three and six month period s ended June   3 0 ,  201 8 and management’s expectations of operating results in future periods, the Company concluded that no triggering event occurred during the six months ended June   3 0 ,   201 8 with respect to its contract drilling segment, its pressure pumping segment , its directional drilling segment or its other operatio ns, except for oil and natural gas properties , which are discussed in the following paragraph .  Management ’s expectations of future operating results were based on the assumption that activity levels in all segments and its other operations will remain rel atively stable or improve i n response to relatively stable or increasing oil prices.   

The Company reviews its proved oil and natural gas properties for impairment whenever a triggering event occurs, such as downward revisions in reserve estimates or decreases in expected future oil and natural gas prices.  Proved properties are grouped by field, and undiscounted cash flow estimates are prepared based on the Company’s expectation of future pricing over the lives of the respective fields.  These cash flow estimates are reviewed by an independent petroleum engineer.  If the net book value of a field exceeds its undiscounted cash flow estimate, impairment expense is measured and recognized as the difference between net book value and fair value.  Impairment expense related to proved and unproved oil and natural gas properties totaled approximately $4,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2018 and $6,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and is included in depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.  

6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill — Goodwill by operating segment as of June 30, 2018 and changes for the six months then ended are as follows (in thousands):

There were no accumulated impairment losses related to goodwill as of June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

Goodwill is evaluated at least annually as of December 31, or when circumstances require, to determine if the fair value of recorded goodwill has decreased below its carrying value.  For impairment testing purposes, goodwill is evaluated at the reporting unit level.  The Company’s reporting units for impairment testing are its operating segments.  The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value after considering qualitative, market and other factors, and if this is the case, any necessary goodwill impairment is determined using a quantitative impairment test.  From time to time, the Company may perform quantitative testing for goodwill impairment in lieu of performing the qualitative assessment.  If the resulting fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of goodwill, an impairment loss would be recognized for the amount of the shortfall.

Intangible Assets — The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the intangible assets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

Amortization expense on intangible assets of approximately $4.9 million and $8.7 million was recorded in the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Amortization expense of intangible assets of approximately $10.3 million and $9.7 million was recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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7. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

8. Long Term Debt

2018 Credit Agreement — On March 27, 2018, the Company entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company, as borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, letter of credit issuer, swing line lender and lender, each of the other lenders and letter of credit issuers party thereto, The Bank of Nova Scotia and U.S. Bank National Association, as Co-Syndication Agents, Royal Bank of Canada, as Documentation Agent and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, The Bank of Nova Scotia and U.S. Bank National Association, as Co-Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Runners.

The Credit Agreement is a committed senior unsecured revolving credit facility that permits aggregate borrowings of up to $600 million, including a letter of credit facility that, at any time outstanding, is limited to $150 million and a swing line facility that, at any time outstanding, is limited to $20 million.  Subject to customary conditions, the Company may request that the lenders’ aggregate commitments be increased by up to $300 million, not to exceed total commitments of $900 million.  The maturity date under the Credit Agreement is March 27, 2023.  The Company has the option, subject to certain conditions, to exercise two one-year extensions of the maturity date.

Loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest by reference, at the Company’s election, to the LIBOR rate or base rate, provided, that swing line loans bear interest by reference only to the base rate.  The applicable margin on LIBOR rate loans varies from 1.00% to 2.00% and the applicable margin on base rate loans varies from 0.00% to 1.00%, in each case determined based upon the Company’s credit rating.  A letter of credit fee is payable by the Company equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR rate loans times the daily amount available to be drawn under outstanding letters of credit.  The commitment fee rate payable to the lenders varies from 0.10% to 0.30% based on the Company’s credit rating.

No subsidiaries of the Company are currently required to be a guarantor under the Credit Agreement.  However, if any subsidiary guarantees or incurs debt in excess of the Priority Debt Basket (as defined in the Credit Agreement), such subsidiary is required to become a guarantor under the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement contains representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default and associated remedies that the Company believes are customary for agreements of this nature, including certain restrictions on the ability of the Company and each subsidiary of the Company to incur debt and grant liens.  If the Company’s credit rating is below investment grade, the Company will become subject to a restricted payment covenant, which would require the Company to have a Pro Forma Debt Service Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00 immediately before and immediately after making any restricted payment.  The Credit Agreement also requires that the Company’s total debt to capitalization ratio, expressed as a percentage, not exceed 50%.  The Credit Agreement generally defines the debt to capitalization ratio as the ratio of (a) total borrowed money indebtedness to (b) the sum of such indebtedness plus consolidated net worth, with consolidated net worth determined as of the end of the most recently ended fiscal quarter.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility.  The Company had $81,000 in letters of credit outstanding under the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2018 and, as a result, had available borrowing capacity of approximately $600 million at that date.

2015 Reimbursement Agreement — On March 16, 2015, the Company entered into a Reimbursement Agreement (the “Reimbursement Agreement”) with The Bank of Nova Scotia (“Scotiabank”), pursuant to which the Company may from time to time request that Scotiabank issue an unspecified amount of letters of credit.  As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $63.4 million in letters of credit outstanding under the Reimbursement Agreement.  

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Under the terms of the Reimbursement Agreement, the Company will reimburse Scotiabank on demand for any amounts that Scotiabank has disbursed under any letters of credit.  Fees, charges and other reasonable expenses fo r the issuance of letters of credit are payable by the Company at the time of issuance at such rates and amounts as are in accordance with Scotiabank’s prevailing practice.  The Company is obligated to pay to Scotiabank interest on all amounts not paid by the Company on the date of demand or when otherwise due at the LIBOR rate plus 2.25% per annum, calculated daily and payable monthly, in arrears, on the basis of a calendar year for the actual number of days elapsed, with interest on overdue interest at th e same rate as on the reimbursement amounts.

The Company has also agreed that if obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by liens on any of its or any of its subsidiaries’ property, then the Company’s reimbursement obligations and (to the extent similar obligations would be secured under the Credit Agreement) other obligations under the Reimbursement Agreement and any letters of credit will be equally and ratably secured by all property subject to such liens securing the Credit Agreement.

Pursuant to a Continuing Guaranty dated as of March 16, 2015, the Company’s payment obligations under the Reimbursement Agreement are jointly and severally guaranteed as to payment and not as to collection by subsidiaries of the Company that from time to time guarantee payment under the Credit Agreement.  No subsidiaries of the Company currently guarantee payment under the Credit Agreement.

Series A & B Senior Notes — On October 5, 2010, the Company completed the issuance and sale of $300 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.97% Series A Senior Notes due October 5, 2020 (the “Series A Notes”) in a private placement. The Series A Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.97% per annum. The Company pays interest on the Series A Notes on April 5 and October 5 of each year. The Series A Notes will mature on October 5, 2020.

On June 14, 2012, the Company completed the issuance and sale of $300 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.27% Series B Senior Notes due June 14, 2022 (the “Series B Notes”) in a private placement. The Series B Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.27% per annum. The Company pays interest on the Series B Notes on April 5 and October 5 of each year. The Series B Notes will mature on June 14, 2022.

The Series A Notes and Series B Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company which rank equally in right of payment with all other unsubordinated indebtedness of the Company. The Series A Notes and Series B Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each of the existing domestic subsidiaries of the Company other than subsidiaries that are not required to be guarantors under the Credit Agreement. No subsidiaries of the Company are currently required to be a guarantor under the Credit Agreement.

The Series A Notes and Series B Notes are prepayable at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, provided that in the case of a partial prepayment, prepayment must be in an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding, at any time and from time to time at 100% of the principal amount prepaid, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the prepayment date, plus a “make-whole” premium as specified in the note purchase agreements. The Company must offer to prepay the notes upon the occurrence of any change of control. In addition, the Company must offer to prepay the notes upon the occurrence of certain asset dispositions if the proceeds therefrom are not timely reinvested in productive assets. If any offer to prepay is accepted, the purchase price of each prepaid note is 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the prepayment date.

The respective note purchase agreements require compliance with two financial covenants. The Company must not permit its debt to capitalization ratio to exceed 50% at any time. The note purchase agreements generally define the debt to capitalization ratio as the ratio of (a) total borrowed money indebtedness to (b) the sum of such indebtedness plus consolidated net worth, with consolidated net worth determined as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter. The Company also must not permit its interest coverage ratio as of the last day of a fiscal quarter to be less than 2.50 to 1.00. The note purchase agreements generally define the interest coverage ratio as the ratio of EBITDA for the four prior fiscal quarters to interest charges for the same period. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at June 30, 2018.

Events of default under the note purchase agreements include failure to pay principal or interest when due, failure to comply with the financial and operational covenants, a cross default event, a judgment in excess of a threshold event, the guaranty agreement ceasing to be enforceable, the occurrence of certain ERISA events, a change of control event and bankruptcy and other insolvency events. If an event of default under the note purchase agreements occurs and is continuing, then holders of a majority in principal amount of the respective notes have the right to declare all the notes then-outstanding to be immediately due and payable. In addition, if the Company defaults in payments on any note, then until such defaults are cured, the holder thereof may declare all the notes held by it pursuant to the note purchase agreement to be immediately due and payable.

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2028 Senior Notes – On January 19, 2018, the Company completed its offering of $525 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 3.95% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “ 2028 Notes ”) initially guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain of its subsidiaries.   These guarantees were automatically released in connection with the Company’s entry into the Credit Agreement on March 27, 2018. The net proceeds befo re offeri ng expenses were approximately $ 521 million of which the Company used $239 million to repay amounts outstanding under its revolving credit facility.  The Company intends to use the remainder of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes.

The Company pays interest on the 2028 Notes on February 1 and August 1 of each year.  The 2028 Notes will mature on February 1, 2028.  The 2028 Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.95% per annum.

The 2028 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company, which rank equally with all of the Company’s other existing and future senior unsecured debt and will rank senior in right of payment to all of the Company’s other future subordinated debt.  The 2028 Notes will be effectively subordinated to any of the Company’s future secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt.  In addition, the 2028 Notes will be structurally subordinated to the liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2028 Notes.   No subsidiaries of the Company are currently required to be a guarantor under the 2028 Notes.  If subsidiaries of the Company guarantee the 2028 Notes in the future, such guarantees (the “Guarantees”) will rank equally in right of payment with all of the guarantors’ future unsecured senior debt and senior in right of payment to all of the guarantors’ future subordinated debt.  The Guarantees will be effectively subordinated to any of the guarantors’ future secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt.  

The Company, at its option, may redeem the Notes in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such 2028 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on those 2028 Notes to the redemption date, plus a make-whole premium.  Additionally, commencing on November 1, 2027, the Company, at its option, may redeem the 2028 Notes in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2028 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on those 2028 Notes to the redemption date.

The indenture pursuant to which the 2028 Notes were issued includes covenants that, among other things, limit the Company and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur certain liens, engage in sale and lease-back transactions or consolidate, merge, or transfer all or substantially all of their assets.  These covenants are subject to important qualifications and limitations set forth in the indenture.

Upon the occurrence of a change of control, as defined in the indenture, each holder of the 2028 Notes may require the Company to purchase all or a portion of such holder’s 2028 Notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

The indenture also provides for events of default which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, on the 2028 Notes to become or to be declared due and payable.

Debt issuance costs – Debt issuance costs are deferred and recognized as interest expense over the term of the underlying debt.  Interest expense related to the amortization of debt issuance costs was approximately $354,000 and $710,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.3 million and $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Amortization of debt issuance costs for the six months ended June 30, 2018 includes $317,000 of debt issuance costs related to commitments by lenders under the Company’s previous credit agreement who did not participate in the 2018 Credit Agreement.

Presented below is a schedule of the principal repayment requirements of long-term debt as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

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9 .  Commitments and Contingencies     

As of June 30, 2018, the Company maintained letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $63.5 million primarily for the benefit of various insurance companies as collateral for retrospective premiums and retained losses which could become payable under the terms of the underlying insurance contracts. These letters of credit expire annually at various times during the year and are typically renewed. As of June 30, 2018, no amounts had been drawn under the letters of credit.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had commitments to purchase major equipment and make investments totaling approximately $162 million for its drilling, pressure pumping, directional drilling and oilfield rentals businesses.

The Company’s pressure pumping business has entered into agreements to purchase minimum quantities of proppants and chemicals from certain vendors. These agreements expire in 2018, 2021 and 2041. As of June 30, 2018, the remaining obligation under these agreements was approximately $122 million, of which approximately $17.0 million relates to purchases required during the remainder of 2018. In the event the required minimum quantities are not purchased during certain periods, the Company could be required to make a liquidated damages payment to the respective vendor for any shortfall.

On January 22, 2018, an accident at a drilling site in Pittsburg County, Oklahoma resulted in the losses of life of five people, including three of the Company’s employees. Lawsuits have been filed in the District Court for Pittsburg County, Oklahoma in connection with the five individuals who lost their lives and one of the Company’s employees who was injured in the accident.  These lawsuits allege various causes of action against the Company and other defendants including negligence, gross negligence, knowledge that injury or death was substantially certain, acting with purpose, recklessness, wrongful death and survival, and the plaintiffs seek an unspecified amount of damages, including punitive or exemplary damages, costs, interest, and other relief. The Company disputes the plaintiffs’ allegations and intends to defend itself vigorously.  Based on the information the Company has available as of the date of this Report, the Company believes that it has adequate insurance to cover any losses, excluding the applicable insurance deductibles and investigation-related expenses.  However, if this accident is not fully covered by insurance or an enforceable and recoverable indemnity from a third party, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company is party to various other legal proceedings arising in the normal course of its business.  

The Company does not believe that the outcome of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

10. Stockholders’ Equity

Cash Dividends — The Company paid cash dividends during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 as follows:

On July 25, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a cash dividend on its common stock in the amount of $0.04 per share to be paid on September 20, 2018 to holders of record as of September 6, 2018. The amount and timing of all future dividend payments, if any, are subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon business conditions, results of operations, financial condition, terms of the Company’s debt agreements and other factors.

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On September 6, 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock buyback program that authorize d purchase of up to $200   million of the Company’s common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions. All purchases executed to da te have been through open market transactions.  Purchases under the program are made at management’s discretion, at prevailing prices, subject to market conditions and other factors. Purchases may be made at any time without prior notice. There is no expir ation date associated with the buyback program.   As of June   3 0 ,   201 8 , the Company had remaining authorization to purchase approximately $ 1 36   million of the Company’s outstanding common stock under the stock buyback program. On July 25, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an increase of the authorization under the stock buyback program to allow for $250 million of future share repurchases.   Shares purchased under the buyback program are accounted for as treasury stock.

Treasury stock acquisitions during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

11. Stock-based Compensation

The Company uses share-based payments to compensate employees and non-employee directors.  The Company recognizes the cost of share-based payments under the fair-value-based method.  Share-based awards include equity instruments in the form of stock options, restricted stock or restricted stock units that have included service conditions and, in certain cases, performance conditions.  The Company’s share-based awards also include share-settled performance unit awards.  Share-settled performance unit awards are accounted for as equity awards.  The Company issues shares of common stock when vested stock options are exercised, when restricted stock is granted and when restricted stock units and share-settled performance unit awards vest.  

Stock Options — The Company estimates the grant date fair values of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model.  Volatility assumptions are based on the historic volatility of the Company’s common stock over the most recent period equal to the expected term of the options as of the date such options are granted.  The expected term assumptions are based on the Company’s experience with respect to employee stock option activity.  Dividend yield assumptions are based on the expected dividends at the time the options are granted.  The risk-free interest rate assumptions are determined by reference to United States Treasury yields.  No options were granted in the three or six months ended June 30, 2018 or 2017.   

Stock option activity from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 follows:

Restricted Stock — For all restricted stock awards made to date, shares of common stock were issued when the awards were made.  Non-vested shares are subject to forfeiture for failure to fulfill service conditions, and, in certain cases, performance conditions.  Non-forfeitable dividends are paid on non-vested shares of restricted stock.  The Company uses the straight-line method to recognize periodic compensation cost over the vesting period.

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Restricted stock activity from January 1, 201 8 to June 3 0 , 201 8 follows:

Restricted Stock Units — For all restricted stock unit awards made to date, shares of common stock are not issued until the units vest.  Restricted stock units are subject to forfeiture for failure to fulfill service conditions and, in certain cases, performance conditions.  Forfeitable dividend equivalents are accrued on certain restricted stock units and will be paid upon vesting.  The Company uses the straight-line method to recognize periodic compensation cost over the vesting period.

Restricted stock unit activity from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 follows:

Performance Unit Awards.   The Company has granted share-settled performance unit awards to certain employees (the “Performance Units”) on an annual basis since 2010.  The Performance Units provide for the recipients to receive a grant of shares of common stock upon the achievement of certain performance goals during a specified period established by the Compensation Committee.  The performance period for the Performance Units is the three-year period commencing on April 1 of the year of grant, except that for the Performance Units granted in 2017 the three-year performance period commenced on May 1.  

The performance goals for the Performance Units are tied to the Company’s total shareholder return for the performance period as compared to total shareholder return for a peer group determined by the Compensation Committee.  These goals are considered to be market conditions under the relevant accounting standards and the market conditions were factored into the determination of the fair value of the respective Performance Units.  Generally, the recipients will receive a target number of shares if the Company’s total shareholder return during the performance period, when compared to the peer group, is at the 50 ^th percentile.  If the Company’s total shareholder return during the performance period, when compared to the peer group, is at the 75 ^th percentile or higher, then the recipients will receive two times the target number of shares.  If the Company’s total shareholder return during the performance period, when compared to the peer group, is at the 25 ^th percentile, then the recipients will only receive one-half of the target number of shares.  If the Company’s total shareholder return during the performance period, when compared to the peer group, is between the 25 ^th and 75 ^th percentile, then the shares to be received by the recipients will be determined using linear interpolation for levels of achievement between these points.  

In April 2018, 381,200 shares were issued to settle the 2015 Performance Units. For the Performance Units granted in April 2016, if the Company’s total shareholder return for the performance period is negative, and, when compared to the peer group is at or above the 25th percentile, then the recipients will receive one-half of the number of shares they would have received had the Company’s total shareholder return been positive.  For the Performance Units granted in May 2017 and April 2018, the payout is based on relative performance and does not have an absolute performance requirement.  

The total target number of shares with respect to the Performance Units for the awards granted in 2014-2018 is set forth below:

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Because the performance units are share-settled awards, they are accounted for as equity awards and measured at fair value on the date of grant u sing a Monte Carlo simulation model.  The fair value of the Performance Units is set forth below (in thousands):

These fair value amounts are charged to expense on a straight-line basis over the performance period.  Compensation expense associated with the Performance Units is shown below (in thousands):

12. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rate fluctuates from the U.S. statutory tax rate based on, among other factors, changes in pretax income in countries with varying statutory tax rates, impact of state and local taxes, and other differences related to the recognition of income and expense between U.S. GAAP and tax.  

The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was 43.9%, compared with 37.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2017.  The higher effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily attributable to changes in forecasted annual pretax income from the first quarter of 2018 to the second quarter of 2018.  

The Company’s effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was 15.2%, compared with 37.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2017.   The lower effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily attributable to the reduction to the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and additional limitations for the deductibility of meals and entertainment expenses as a result of Tax Reform.  The Company also recorded a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets of a certain Canadian subsidiary of the Company due to a change in judgment as to the realizability of these assets in the first quarter of 2018.

The Company recognized the income tax effects of Tax Reform in its audited financial statements included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which provides SEC staff guidance for the application of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period during which Tax Reform was signed into law.  The guidance also provides for a measurement period of up to one year from the enactment date of Tax Reform for the Company to complete its accounting for the U.S. tax law changes.  As such, the Company’s 2017 financial results reflected the provisional estimate of the income tax effects of the Tax Reform.  This continues to represent a provisional estimate of the impact of Tax Reform.  The estimate of the impact of Tax Reform was based on certain assumptions and the Company’s current interpretation of Tax Reform. This estimate may change as the Company receives additional clarification and implementation guidance and as additional interpretations of Tax Reform become available.

13. Earnings Per Share

The Company provides a dual presentation of its net loss per common share in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations: basic net loss per common share (“Basic EPS”) and diluted net loss per common share (“Diluted EPS”).

Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by first allocating earnings between common stockholders and holders of non-vested shares of restricted stock.  Basic EPS is then determined by dividing the earnings attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding non-vested shares of restricted stock.

Diluted EPS is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of potential common shares, including stock options, non-vested shares of restricted stock, performance units and restricted stock units.  The dilutive effect of stock options, performance units and restricted stock units is determined using the treasury stock method.  The dilutive effect of non-vested shares of restricted stock is based on the more dilutive of the treasury stock method or the two-class method, assuming a reallocation of undistributed earnings to common stockholders after considering the dilutive effect of potential common shares other than non-vested shares of restricted stock.

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The following table presents information necessary to calculate net loss per share for the three and six months ended June  3 0 , 2018 and 2017 as well as potentially dilutive securities excluded from the weighte d average number of diluted common shares outstanding because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands, except per share amounts):