ExOne Co (Form: 10-Q, Received: 11/08/2018 08:39:53)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-35806

The ExOne Company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

46-1684608

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

127 Industry Boulevard

North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania 15642

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(724) 863-9663

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 8, 2018, 16,299,952 shares of common stock, par value $0.01, were outstanding.

IMPLICATIONS OF BEING AN EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY AND A SMALLER REPORTING COMPANY

Emerging Growth Company

Since our initial public offering, we have continued to qualify as an “emerging growth company” (“EGC”) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). An EGC may take advantage of specified reduced reporting requirements and is relieved of certain other significant requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies.

As an EGC:

▪

We are exempt from the requirement to obtain an attestation and report from our auditors on the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

▪

We are permitted to provide less extensive disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;

▪

We are not required to give our stockholders non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and

▪

We have elected to use an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards.

We may choose to take advantage of some, but not all, of these reduced burdens. We will continue to operate under these provisions until December 31, 2018, or such earlier time that we are no longer an EGC. We would cease to be an EGC if we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenues, qualify as a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which requires us to have more than $700 million in market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.

Smaller Reporting Company

Following the Securities and Exchange Commission’s recent amendment to the definition of “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b- 2 of the Exchange Act, which was effective on September 10, 2018, we qualify as a smaller reporting company and may take advantage of the scaled disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies effective with the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Many of the same reduced reporting requirements available to us as an EGC are also available to us as a smaller reporting company, in addition to others. To the extent that we continue to qualify as a smaller reporting company, after we cease to qualify as an EGC, those reduced reporting requirements may continue to be available to us.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Statement of Consolidated Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per-share amounts)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenue	$	16,589		$	15,887		$	39,339		$	37,555
Cost of sales		10,016			11,790			28,560			29,829
Gross profit		6,573			4,097			10,779			7,726
Operating expenses
Research and development		2,444			2,871			8,474			7,219
Selling, general and administrative		5,200			6,062			17,755			18,338
		7,644			8,933			26,229			25,557
Loss from operations		(1,071	)		(4,836	)		(15,450	)		(17,831	)
Other (income) expense
Interest expense		73			24			179			69
Other (income) expense ̶ net		(838	)		(11	)		(936	)		134
		(765	)		13			(757	)		203
Loss before income taxes		(306	)		(4,849	)		(14,693	)		(18,034	)
Provision for income taxes		17			14			52			23
Net loss	$	(323	)	$	(4,863	)	$	(14,745	)	$	(18,057	)
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(1.13	)
Diluted	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(1.13	)
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(323	)	$	(4,863	)	$	(14,745	)	$	(18,057	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(429	)		1,194			(1,267	)		4,713
Comprehensive loss	$	(752	)	$	(3,669	)	$	(16,012	)	$	(13,344	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per-share and share amounts)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,705		$	21,848
Restricted cash		1,312			330
Accounts receivable ̶ net of allowance of $686 (2018) and $1,193 (2017)		5,384			8,647
Inventories ̶ net		20,719			15,430
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,585			1,710
Total current assets		41,705			47,965
Property and equipment ̶ net		42,917			46,797
Intangible assets ̶ net		—			62
Other noncurrent assets		692			736
Total assets	$	85,314		$	95,560
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	142		$	137
Current portion of capital leases		14			15
Accounts payable		3,534			4,291
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		5,681			6,081
Deferred revenue and customer prepayments		14,129			8,282
Total current liabilities		23,500			18,806
Long-term debt ̶ net of current portion		1,401			1,508
Capital leases ̶ net of current portion		38			36
Other noncurrent liabilities		1			1
Total liabilities		24,940			20,351
Contingencies and commitments
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 16,232,951 (2018) and 16,124,617 (2017) shares issued and outstanding		162			161
Additional paid-in capital		174,894			173,718
Accumulated deficit		(103,931	)		(89,186	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(10,751	)		(9,484	)
Total stockholders' equity		60,374			75,209
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	85,314		$	95,560

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(14,745	)	$	(18,057	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used for operations:
Depreciation and amortization		4,039			4,966
Equity-based compensation		656			2,043
Amortization of debt issuance costs		52			4
Recoveries for bad debts ̶ net		(40	)		(51	)
Provision for slow-moving, obsolete and lower of cost or net realizable value inventories ̶ net		910			1,872
Gain from disposal of property and equipment ̶ net		(33	)		(322	)
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of foreign currency translation adjustments:
Decrease in accounts receivable		3,166			288
Increase in inventories		(7,458	)		(2,772	)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets		(761	)		(1,438	)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable		(637	)		2,032
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities		(206	)		(522	)
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue and customer prepayments		6,168			(938	)
Net cash used for operating activities		(8,889	)		(12,895	)
Investing activities
Capital expenditures		(1,192	)		(874	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		77			3,702
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities		(1,115	)		2,828
Financing activities
Payments on long-term debt		(106	)		(102	)
Payments on capital leases		(13	)		(64	)
Debt issuance costs		(265	)		—
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options		521			—
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities		137			(166	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(294	)		882
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(10,161	)		(9,351	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period		22,178			28,155
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	12,017		$	18,804

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
Transfer of internally developed 3D printing machines from inventories to property and equipment for internal use or leasing activities	$	1,521		$	2,363
Transfer of internally developed 3D printing machines from property and equipment to inventories for sale	$	847		$	597
Property and equipment included in assets held for sale (Note 5)	$	822		$	—
Property and equipment acquired through financing arrangements	$	14		$	48
Property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	48		$	94
Property and equipment included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	4		$	84
Advance deposits on property and equipment	$	—		$	12

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Statement of Changes in Consolidated Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

											Accumulated
											other			Total
	Common stock				Additional			Accumulated			comprehensive			stockholders'
	Shares		$		paid-in capital			deficit			loss			equity
Balance at December 31, 2016		16,017	$	160	$	171,116		$	(68,761	)	$	(14,735	)	$	87,780
Cumulative-effect adjustment due to the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update 2016-16		—		—		—			(408	)		—			(408	)
Net loss		—		—		—			(6,791	)		—			(6,791	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—			1,026			1,026
Equity-based compensation		—		—		561			—			—			561
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		29		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at March 31, 2017		16,046		160		171,677			(75,960	)		(13,709	)		82,168
Net loss		—		—		—			(6,403	)		—			(6,403	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—			2,493			2,493
Equity-based compensation		—		—		274			—			—			274
Balance at June 30, 2017		16,046		160		171,951			(82,363	)		(11,216	)		78,532
Net loss		—		—		—			(4,863	)		—			(4,863	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—			1,194			1,194
Equity-based compensation		—		1		1,207			—			—			1,208
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		46		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at September 30, 2017		16,092	$	161	$	173,158		$	(87,226	)	$	(10,022	)	$	76,071

Balance at December 31, 2017		16,125	$	161	$	173,718		$	(89,186	)	$	(9,484	)	$	75,209
Net loss		—		—		—			(6,385	)		—			(6,385	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—			1,402			1,402
Equity-based compensation		—		—		379			—			—			379
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		25		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at March 31, 2018		16,150		161		174,097			(95,571	)		(8,082	)		70,605
Net loss		—		—		—			(8,037	)		—			(8,037	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			—			(2,240	)		(2,240	)
Equity-based compensation		—		—		(5	)		—			—			(5	)
Balance at June 30, 2018		16,150		161		174,092			(103,608	)		(10,322	)		60,323
Net loss		—		—		—			(323	)		—			(323	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			—			(429	)		(429	)
Equity-based compensation		—		—		282			—			—			282
Exercise of employee stock options		66		1		520			—			—			521
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		17		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at September 30, 2018		16,233	$	162	$	174,894		$	(103,931	)	$	(10,751	)	$	60,374

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except per-share and share amounts)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

Organization

The ExOne Company (“ExOne”) is a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware. ExOne was formed on January 1, 2013, when The Ex One Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, merged with and into a Delaware corporation, which survived and changed its name to The ExOne Company (the “Reorganization”). As a result of the Reorganization, The Ex One Company, LLC became ExOne, the common and preferred interest holders of The Ex One Company, LLC became holders of common stock and preferred stock, respectively, of ExOne, and the subsidiaries of The Ex One Company, LLC became the subsidiaries of ExOne. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ExOne, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, ExOne Americas LLC (United States); ExOne GmbH (Germany); ExOne Property GmbH (Germany); ExOne KK (Japan); ExOne Italy S.r.l (Italy); and through December 2017, ExOne Sweden AB (Sweden). Collectively, the consolidated group is referred to as the “Company”.

The Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-223690) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 15, 2018. The purpose of the Form S-3 was to register, among other securities, debt securities. Subsidiaries of the Company are co-registrants with the Company (“Subsidiary Guarantors”), and the registration statement registered guarantees of debt securities by one or more of the Subsidiary Guarantors. The Subsidiary Guarantors are 100% owned by the Company and any guarantees by the Subsidiary Guarantors will be full and unconditional.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary by management to fairly state the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. The December 31, 2017 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in connection with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, which includes all disclosures required by GAAP.

The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding uncertainties that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Areas that require significant judgments, estimates and assumptions include accounting for accounts receivable (including the allowance for doubtful accounts); inventories (including the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories); product warranty reserves; contingencies; income taxes (including the valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets and liabilities for uncertain tax positions); equity-based compensation (including the valuation of certain equity-based compensation awards issued by the Company); and testing for impairment of long-lived assets (including the identification of asset groups by management, estimates of future cash flows of identified asset groups and fair value estimates used in connection with assessing the valuation of identified asset groups). The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting.” This ASU requires registrants to apply modification accounting unless three specific criteria are met. The three criteria are: the fair value of the award is the same before and after the modification, the vesting conditions are the same before and after the modification and the classification as a debt or equity award is the same before and after the modification. Management has determined that the adoption of this ASU did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

On January 1, 2017, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” This ASU modifies existing guidance and is intended to reduce diversity in practice with respect to the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets. The ASU indicates that the former exception to income tax accounting that requires companies to defer the income tax effects of certain intercompany transactions would apply only to intercompany inventory transactions. That is, the exception no longer applies to intercompany sales and transfers of other assets ( e.g. , property and equipment or intangible assets). Under the former exception, income tax expense associated with intra-entity profits in an intercompany sale or transfer of assets was eliminated from earnings. Instead, that cost was deferred and recorded on the balance sheet ( e.g. , as a prepaid asset) until the assets left the consolidated group. Similarly, the entity was prohibited from recognizing deferred tax assets for the increases in tax bases due to the intercompany sale or transfer. A modified retrospective basis of adoption was required for this ASU. As a result, a cumulative-effect adjustment of approximately $408 has been recorded to accumulated deficit on January 1, 2017, in

connection with this adoption. This cumulative-effect adjustmen t relates to the prepaid expense associated with intra-entity transfers of property and equipment included in prepaid expenses and other current assets at December 31, 2016.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs issued by the FASB. Recently issued ASUs not listed below either were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are currently expected to have no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” This ASU is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard provides guidance in a number of situations including, among others, settlement of zero-coupon bonds, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, and distributions received from equity method investees. The ASU also provides guidance for classifying cash receipts and payments that have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. This ASU becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases.” As a result of this ASU, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. As a result of this ASU, lessor accounting is largely unchanged and lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing. This ASU becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the consolidated financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” This ASU created a comprehensive framework for all entities in all industries to apply in the determination of when to recognize revenue and, therefore, supersedes virtually all existing revenue recognition requirements and guidance. This framework is expected to provide a consistent and comparable methodology for revenue recognition. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this principle, an entity should apply the following steps: identify the contract(s) with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract(s), and recognize revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date,” which deferred the effective date of this guidance for the Company until January 1, 2019. The Company plans to utilize the modified retrospective method in connection with its future adoption of this ASU, as amended. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of these collective changes on the consolidated financial statements of the Company. This evaluation includes the use of a third party consultant in assessing each of the Company’s revenue streams and determining the potential impact the new guidance may have on its accounting and reporting. Other than the periodic disclosures introduced by this ASU, as amended, the Company does not expect a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Note 2. Liquidity

The Company has incurred a net loss in each of its annual periods since its inception. As shown in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss, the Company incurred a net loss of approximately $323 and $14,745 for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. At September 30, 2018, the Company had approximately $10,705 in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents.

Since its inception the Company has received cumulative unrestricted net proceeds from the sale of its common stock (through its initial public offering and subsequent secondary offerings) of approximately $168,361 to fund its operations. Most recently, the Company received approximately $595 in unrestricted net proceeds from the sale of its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2016 through an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“ATM”) with FBR Capital Markets & Co. (“FBR”) and MLV & Co. LLC (“MLV”) pursuant to which FBR and MLV agreed to act as distribution agents in the sale of up to $50,000 in the aggregate of ExOne common stock in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) . Subsequent to the filing of its registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-223690) in March 2018 the Company has not reactivated the ATM and therefore does not consider the ATM to be an active source of liquidity.

In March 2018 the Company entered into a three-year, $15,000 revolving credit facility with a related party (Note 11) to provide additional funding for working capital and general corporate purposes.

In June 2018 the Company initiated a global cost realignment program focused on a reduction in the Company’s production overhead costs and operating expenses.

Management believes that the Company’s existing capital resources will be sufficient to support the Company’s operating plan. If management anticipates that the Company’s actual results will differ from its operating plan, management believes it has sufficient capabilities to enact cost savings measures to preserve capital (in addition to the costs savings measures associated with the Company’s global cost realignment program further described above). The Company may also seek to raise additional capital to support its growth through additional debt, equity or other alternatives (including asset sales) or a combination thereof.

Note 3. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
Foreign currency translation adjustments	2018			2017			2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	(10,322	)	$	(11,216	)	$	(9,484	)	$	(14,735	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(429	)		1,194			(1,267	)		4,713
Balance at end of period	$	(10,751	)	$	(10,022	)	$	(10,751	)	$	(10,022	)

Foreign currency translation adjustments consist of the effect of translation of functional currency financial statements (denominated in the euro and Japanese yen) to the reporting currency of the Company (United States dollar) and certain long-term intercompany transactions between subsidiaries for which settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future.

There were no tax impacts related to income tax rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings for either of the periods presented.

Note 4. Loss Per Share

The Company presents basic and diluted loss per common share amounts. Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding during the applicable period.

As the Company incurred a net loss during each of the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, basic average common shares outstanding and diluted average common shares outstanding were the same because the effect of potential shares of common stock, including stock options (513,970 – 2018 and 696,137 – 2017) and unvested restricted stock issued (67,001 – 2018 and 67,505 – 2017), was anti-dilutive.

The information used to compute basic and diluted net loss per common share was as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net loss	$	(323	)	$	(4,863	)	$	(14,745	)	$	(18,057	)
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted)		16,182,818			16,069,453			16,157,143			16,048,257
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(1.13	)
Diluted	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(1.13	)

Note 5. Restructuring

Houston, Texas

In August 2018 the Company committed to a plan to consolidate certain of its three-dimensional (“3D”) printing operations from its Houston, Texas facility into its Troy, Michigan facility. These actions were taken as part of the Company’s efforts to optimize its business model and maximize its facility utilization. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a charge of approximately $28 split between cost of sales ($15) and selling, general and administrative expense ($13) associated with involuntary employee terminations related to this plan. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded an additional charge of approximately $1 (to cost of sales) associated with asset impairments related to this plan. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. The Company settled all amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

At September 30, 2018 the Company reclassified approximately $822 in property and equipment relating to the Houston, Texas facility (principally land and building) associated with certain as sets meeting required criteria as held for sale (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet).

Desenzano del Garda, Italy

In December 2017 the Company committed to a plan to consolidate certain of its 3D printing operations from its Desenzano del Garda, Italy facility into its Gersthofen, Germany facility. These actions were taken as part of the Company’s efforts to optimize its business model and maximize its facility utilization. During the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a charge of approximately $72 split between cost of sales ($19) and selling, general and administrative expense ($53) associated with involuntary employee terminations related to this plan. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded additional charges of approximately $245 associated with other exit costs ($17) and asset impairments ($228) related to this plan. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded an additional charge of approximately $13 associated with asset impairments related to this plan. In addition, during the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded a gain from disposal of certain property and equipment of approximately $51 (recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss). Charges associated with other exit costs recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. Charges associated with asset impairments recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were recorded to cost of sales as a component of depreciation expense in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. Other exit costs relate to the remaining facility rent due under a non-cancellable operating lease following the cessation of operations at the facility in January 2018. Asset impairment charges relate to certain leasehold improvements associated with the exited facility and other equipment which was abandoned by the Company. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. The Company settled all amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations and facility rentals during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

North Las Vegas, Nevada and Chesterfield, Michigan

In January 2017 the Company committed to a plan to consolidate certain of its 3D printing operations from its North Las Vegas, Nevada facility into its Troy, Michigan and Houston, Texas facilities and exit its non-core specialty machining operations in its Chesterfield, Michigan facility. These actions were taken as a result of t he accelerating adoption rate of the Company’s indirect printing technology in North America which resulted in a refocus of the Company’s operational strategy.

As a result of these actions, during the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recorded charges of approximately $984, including approximately $110 associated with involuntary employee terminations, approximately $7 associated with other exit costs and approximately $867 associated with asset impairments. Charges associated with involuntary employee terminations and other exit costs were recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. Charges associated with asset impairments were split between cost of sales ($598), as a component of depreciation expense, and selling, general and administrative expenses ($269), as a component of amortization expense, in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded an additional charge of approximately $32 associated with an additional involuntary employee termination which required a service commitment through April 2017. This charge was recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of operations and comprehensive loss. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. The Company settled all amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations and other exit costs during 2017.

Charges associated with asset impairments (described above) relate principally to the Company’s plan to exit its non-core specialty machining operations in its Chesterfield, Michigan facility. On April 21, 2017, the Company sold to a third party certain assets associated with these operations including inventories (approximately $79), property and equipment (approximately $2,475) and other contractual rights (approximately $269). Total gross proceeds from the sale of these assets were approximately $2,050. After deducting costs directly attributable to the sale of these assets (approximately $128), the Company recorded an impairment loss during the three months ended March 31, 2017, of approximately $859 split between property and equipment ($590) and intangible assets ($269) based on the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the related assets at March 31, 2017. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded a loss on disposal of approximately $42. Both the impairment loss and the loss on disposal were recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss.

Separate from the transaction described above, on May 9, 2017, the Company sold to a third party certain property and equipment (principally land and building) associated with its North Las Vegas, Nevada facility. Total gross proceeds from the sale of these assets were approximately $1,950. After deducting costs directly attributable to the sale of these assets (approximately $137), the Company recorded a gain on disposal (recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss) during the three months ended June 30, 2017, of approximately $347. Additionally, the Company recorded an impairment loss during the three months ended March 31, 2017, of approximately $8 associated with certain property and equipment which was abandoned in connection with the Company’s exit of its North Las Vegas, Nevada facility.

Note 6. Impairment

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, as a result of continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies, the Company identified a triggering event requiring a test for the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used at the asset group level. Assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used requires significant judgments and estimates by management.

For purposes of testing long-lived assets for recoverability, the Company operates as three separate asset groups: United States, Europe and Japan. In assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used, the Company determined the carrying amount of long-lived assets held and used to be in excess of the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows of the related assets. The Company proceeded to determine the fair value of its long-lived assets held and used, principally through use of the market approach. The Company’s use of the market approach included consideration of market transactions for comparable assets. Management concluded that the fair value of long-lived assets held and used exceeded their carrying value, and as such, no impairment loss was recorded .

A significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the use or condition of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the business climate or legal or regulatory factors impacting a long-lived asset and continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies associated with a long-lived asset, among other indicators, could cause a future assessment to be performed which may result in an impairment of long-lived assets held and used, which could result in a material adverse effect on the financial position and results of operations of the Company.

Note 7. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet to the same such amounts shown in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated cash flows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,705	$	21,848
Restricted cash		1,312		330
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	12,017	$	22,178

Restricted cash at September 30, 2018 includes approximately $812 associated with cash collateral required by a German bank for short-term financial guarantees issued by ExOne GmbH in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security (Note 10). Restricted cash at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 includes approximately $500 and $330, respectively, associated with cash collateral required by a United States bank to offset certain short-term, unsecured lending commitments associated with the Company’s corporate credit card program. Each of the balances described are considered legally restricted by the Company.

Note 8. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Raw materials and components	$	8,632	$	7,171
Work in process		5,402		4,630
Finished goods		6,685		3,629
	$	20,719	$	15,430

Raw materials and components consist of consumable materials and component parts and subassemblies associated with 3D printing machine manufacturing and support activities. Work in process consists of 3D printing machines and other products in varying stages of completion. Finished goods consist of 3D printing machines and other products prepared for sale in accordance with customer specifications.

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories was approximately $4,079 and $3,437, respectively, and has been reflected as a reduction to inventories (principally raw materials and components).

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded a charge of approximately $561 to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss attributable to certain industrial microwave inventories based on a sustained absence of demand for such curing solutions and a decision by the Company to discontinue future manufacturing of such industrial microwaves.

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded a charge of approximately $1,460 to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss attributable to certain raw material and component inventories (principally machine frames and other fabricated components) associated with the Company’s Exerial 3D printing machine platform based on decisions made by the Company during the period related to certain design changes to the underlying platform (rendering certain elements of the previous design obsolete).

During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a net charge of approximately $59 and $29, respectively, to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss associated with certain inventories for which cost was determ ined to exceed net realizable value. During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded a net (credit) charge of approximately ($11) and $116, respectively, to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of con solidated operations and comprehensive loss associated with certain inventories for which cost was determined to exceed net realizable value.

Note 9. Product Warranty Reserves

Substantially all of the Company’s 3D printing machines are covered by a standard twelve month warranty. Generally, at the time of sale, a liability is recorded (with an offset to cost of sales) based upon the expected cost of replacement parts and labor to be incurred over the life of the standard warranty. Expected cost is estimated using historical experience for similar products. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of the product warranty reserves based on changes in these factors and records any necessary adjustments if actual experience indicates that adjustments are necessary. Future claims experience could be materially different from prior results because of the introduction of new, more complex products, a change in the Company’s warranty policy in response to industry trends, competition or other external forces, or manufacturing changes that could impact product quality. In the event that the Company determines that its current or future product repair and replacement costs exceed estimates, an adjustment to these reserves would be charged to cost of sales in the period such a determination is made.

The following table summarizes changes in product warranty reserves (such amounts were reflected in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet for each respective period):

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	909		$	1,075		$	1,300		$	1,115
Provisions for new issuances		445			243			831			763
Payments		(236	)		(174	)		(564	)		(427	)
Reserve adjustments		(103	)		(100	)		(542	)		(466	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(11	)		14			(21	)		73
Balance at end of period	$	1,004		$	1,058		$	1,004		$	1,058

Note 10. Contingencies and Commitments

Contingencies

On March 1, 2018, the Company’s ExOne GmbH subsidiary notified Voxeljet AG that it has materially breached a 2003 Patent and Know-How Transfer Agreement and asserted its rights to set-off damages as a result of the breaches against the annual license fee due from the Company under the agreement. At this time, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a contingency, if any, related to this matter.

On July 1, 2017, the Company (through its ExOne GmbH subsidiary) entered into a Settlement Agreement with Kocel Foundry Limited (also known as Kocel CSR Casting Company, Limited) and Kocel Group (Hong Kong) Limited (collectively, “Kocel”) relating to settlement of the arbitration case (no. 100019-2017) administered by the Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration Institution Notice of Arbitration, as filed by the Company on January 25, 2017. Among other things, the Settlement Agreement provided for a cash payment from ExOne GmbH to Kocel of approximately $811 and a settlement and release of claims related to a sales agreement between the parties for certain 3D printing machines and related equipment (the “Sales Agreement”). Based on the terms of the Settlement Agreement, including the final acceptance by Kocel of the 3D printing machines and related equipment, and relief from further obligation, liability or warranty for both parties (excluding certain intellectual property considerations), the Company recorded revenue of approximately $2,762 associated with the Sales Agreement (net of the cash payment made by ExOne GmbH to Kocel on July 5, 2017 described above) and the related cost of sales, during the three months ended September 30, 2017.

The Company is subject to various litigation, claims, and proceedings which have been or may be instituted or asserted from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of any pending or threatened matters will have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

Commitments

In the normal course of its operations, ExOne GmbH issues short-term financial guarantees and letters of credit to third parties in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security. ExOne GmbH maintains a credit facility with a German bank which provides for various short-term financings in the form of overdraft credit, financial guarantees, letters of credit and collateral security for commercial transactions for an aggregate of approximately $1,500 (€1,300). In addition, ExOne GmbH may use the credit facility for short-term, fixed-rate loans in minimum increments of approximately $100 (€100) with minimum terms of at least 30 days. The overdraft credit interest rate is fixed at 10.2% while the interest rate associated with commercial transactions requiring security

(financial guarantees, letters of credit or collateral security) is fixed at 1.75%. The credit facility has an indefinite term and is subject to cancellation by either party at any time upon repayment of amounts outstanding or expiration of commercial transactions requiring security. There is no commitment fee associated with the credit facility. There are no negative covenants associated with the credit facility. The credit facility has been guaranteed by the Company. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no outstanding borrowings in the form of overdraft credit or short-term loans under the credit facility. At September 30, 2018, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH under the credit facility were approximately $812 (€699) with expiration dates ranging from October 2018 through November 2019. At December 31, 2017, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH under the credit facility were approximately $1,128 (€941).

In connection with the related party revolving credit facility agreement entered into by the Company on March 12, 2018 (Note 11), the Company was required to post cash collateral against outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit associated with the credit facility (Note 7).

In addition to amounts issued by ExOne GmbH under the credit facility, from time to time, ExOne GmbH enters into separate agreements with the same German bank for additional capacity for financial guarantees and letters of credit associated with certain commercial transactions requiring security. Terms of the separate agreements are substantially similar to those of the existing credit facility. At September 30, 2018, ExOne GmbH had a singular financial guarantee outstanding under a separate agreement for approximately $93 (€80) with an expiration date of June 2022. Related to this separate agreement, the requirement for cash collateral was waived by the German bank as it also represents the counterparty in the related transaction.

Note 11. Related Party Revolving Credit Facility

On March 12, 2018, ExOne and its ExOne Americas LLC and ExOne GmbH subsidiaries, as guarantors (collectively, the “Loan Parties”), entered into a Credit Agreement and related ancillary agreements with LBM Holdings, LLC (“LBM”), a company controlled by S. Kent Rockwell, who was the Executive Chairman of the Company (a related party) at such date and effective June 20, 2018, became the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, relating to a $15,000 revolving credit facility (the “LBM Credit Agreement”) to provide additional funding for working capital and general corporate purposes. The LBM Credit Agreement provides for a term of three years (through March 12, 2021) and bears interest at a rate of one month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 500 basis points (approximately 6.7% and 7.3% at inception and September 30, 2018, respectively). The LBM Credit Agreement requires a commitment fee of 75 basis points, or 0.75%, on the unused portion of the facility, payable monthly in arrears. In addition, an up-front commitment fee of 125 basis points, or 1.25% (approximately $188), was required at closing. Borrowings under the LBM Credit Agreement are required to be in minimum increments of $1,000. ExOne may terminate or reduce the credit commitment at any time during the term of the LBM Credit Agreement without penalty. ExOne may also make prepayments against outstanding borrowings under the LBM Credit Agreement at any time without penalty. Borrowings under the LBM Credit Agreement have been collateralized by the accounts receivable, inventories and machinery and equipment of the Loan Parties. At inception of the credit facility and September 30, 2018 the total estimated value of collateral was in significant excess of the maximum borrowing capacity under the LBM Credit Agreement.

The LBM Credit Agreement contains several affirmative covenants including prompt payment of liabilities and taxes; maintenance of insurance, properties, and licenses; and compliance with laws. The LBM Credit Agreement also contains several negative covenants including restricting the incurrence of certain additional debt; prohibiting future liens (other than permitted liens); prohibiting investment in third parties; limiting the ability to pay dividends; limiting mergers, acquisitions, and dispositions; and limiting the sale of certain property and equipment of the Loan Parties. The LBM Credit Agreement does not contain any financial covenants. The LBM Credit Agreement also contains events of default, including, but not limited to, cross-default to certain other debt, breaches of representations and warranties, change of control events and breaches of covenants.

LBM was determined to be a related party based on common control by S. Kent Rockwell, who was the Executive Chairman of the Company at the time the Company entered into the LBM Credit Agreement and effective June 20, 2018, became the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Accordingly, the Company does not consider the LBM Credit Agreement indicative of a fair market value lending. Prior to execution, the LBM Credit Agreement was subject to review and approval by a sub-committee of independent members of the ExOne Board of Directors (the “Board”) (which included each of the members of the Audit Committee of the Board). At the time of execution of the LBM Credit Agreement, the $15,000 in available loan proceeds were deposited into an escrow account with an unrelated, third party financial institution acting as escrow agent pursuant to a separate Escrow Agreement by and among the parties. Loan proceeds held in escrow are available to the Company upon its submission to the escrow agent of a loan request. Such proceeds will not be available to LBM until payment in-full of the obligations under the LBM Credit Agreement and termination of the LBM Credit Agreement. Payments of principal and other obligations will be made to the escrow agent, while interest payments will be made directly to LBM. Provided there exists no potential default or event of default, the LBM Credit Agreement and Escrow Agreement prohibit any acceleration of repayment of any amount outstanding under the LBM Credit Agreement and prohibit termination of the LBM Credit Agreement or withdrawal from escrow of any unused portion of the LBM Credit Agreement.

There were no borrowings by the Company under the LBM Credit Agreement from March 12, 2018 (inception) through September 30, 2018.

The Company incurred approximately $265 in debt issuance costs associated with the LBM Credit Agreement (including the aforementioned up front commitment fee paid at closing to LBM). During the three mon ths and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded interest expense relating to the LBM Credit Agreement of approximately $51 and $110, respectively. Included in interest expense for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was approximately $23 and $48, respectively, associated with amortization of debt issuance costs (resulting in approximately $217 in remaining debt issuance costs at September 30, 2018, of which $88 was included in prepaid expenses and other current asset s and $129 was included in other noncurrent assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet). Included in interest expense for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was approximately $28 and $62, respectively, associated with the commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, of which at September 30, 2018 approximately $9 was included in accounts payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. Amounts payable to LBM at September 30, 2018 were settled by the Company in October 2018.

Note 12. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $17 and $14, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $52 and $23, respectively. The Company has completed a discrete period computation of its provision for income taxes for each of the periods presented. The discrete period computation was required as a result of jurisdictions with losses before income taxes for which no tax benefit can be recognized and an inability to generate reliable estimates for results in certain jurisdictions as a result of inconsistencies in generating net operating profits (losses) in those jurisdictions.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was 5.6% (provision on a loss) and 0.3% (provision on a loss), respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was 0.4% (provision on a loss) and 0.1% (provision on a loss), respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% (2018) and 34.0% (2017) for each of the periods presented primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the periods.

In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted into law. The Tax Act reduces the corporate income tax rate from 34.0% to 21.0% and generally modifies certain United States income tax deductions and the United States taxation of certain foreign earnings, among other changes. The Company is required to recognize the effect of tax law changes in the period of enactment. As a result of the Tax Act, the Company re-measured its United States deferred tax assets and liabilities as well as its valuation allowance against its net United States deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017. In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118: Income Tax Accounting Implications of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“SAB 118”), which allows the Company to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date. As ongoing guidance and accounting interpretations are expected over the next year, the Company considers its accounting of the deferred tax re-measurements and other items to be incomplete due to the forthcoming guidance and its ongoing analysis of final December 31, 2017 data and tax positions. No provisional amounts have been recorded by the Company. The Company expects to complete its analysis within the measurement period in accordance with SAB 118.

The Company has provided a valuation allowance for its net deferred tax assets as a result of the Company not generating consistent net operating profits in jurisdictions in which it operates. As such, any benefit from deferred taxes in any of the periods presented has been fully offset by changes in the valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets. The Company continues to assess its future taxable income by jurisdiction based on recent historical operating results, the expected timing of reversal of temporary differences, various tax planning strategies that the Company may be able to enact in future periods, the impact of potential operating changes on the business and forecast results from operations in future periods based on available information at the end of each reporting period. To the extent that the Company is able to reach the conclusion that its net deferred tax assets are realizable based on any combination of the above factors in a single, or in multiple, taxing jurisdictions, a reversal of the related portion of the Company’s existing valuation allowances may occur.

The Company has a liability for uncertain tax positions related to certain capitalized expenses and intercompany transactions. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the liability for uncertain tax positions was approximately $831 and $858, respectively, and was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had an additional liability for uncertain tax positions related to its ExOne GmbH (Germany) subsidiary of approximately $357 and $323, respectively, which were fully offset against net operating loss carryforwards. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had an additional liability for uncertain tax positions related to its ExOne KK (Japan) subsidiary of approximately $218 and $594, respectively, which were fully offset against net operating loss carryforwards.

At September 30, 2018, the Company’s ExOne GmbH (2010-2013) and ExOne Property GmbH (2013) subsidiaries were under examination by local taxing authorities. The Company is unable to reasonably predict an outcome related to this examination, the result of which may be material in a future period to the financial position, results from operations and cash flows of the Company.

Note 13. Equity-Based Compensation

On January 24, 2013, the Board adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). In connection with the adoption of the Plan, 500,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to the Plan, with automatic increases in such reserve available each year annually on January 1 from 2014 through 2023 equal to the lesser of 3.0% of the total outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year or, a number of shares of common stock determined by the Board, provided that the maximum number of shares authorized under the Plan will not exceed 1,992,241 shares, subject to certain adjustments. The maximum number of shares of common stock are currently reserved for issuance under the Plan .

Stock options and restricted stock issued by the Company under the Plan are generally subject to service conditions resulting in annual vesting on the anniversary of the date of grant over a period typically ranging between one and three years. Certain stock options and restricted stock issued by the Company under the Plan vest immediately upon issuance. Stock options issued by the Company under the Plan have contractual lives which expire over a period typically ranging between five and ten years from the date of grant subject to continued service to the Company by the participant .

On February 7, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2018 Annual Incentive Program (the “Program”) as a subplan under the Plan. The Program provides an opportunity for performance-based compensation to senior executive officers of the Company, among others. The target annual incentive for each Program participant is expressed as a percentage of base salary and is conditioned on the achievement of certain financial goals (as approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board) or a combination of financial and non-financial goals. The Compensation Committee of the Board retains negative discretion over amounts payable under the Program. For 2018, the total target amount payable under the Program is approximately $1,423, with certain amounts to be settled with participants in cash, equity or a combination thereof. During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018, total compensation expense associated with the Program was approximately $159 and $464, respectively, split between cost of sales ($30 and $75, respectively), research and development ($19 and $109, respectively) and selling general and administrative expenses ($110 and $280, respectively) in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss, of which approximately $199 is expected to be settled in equity by the Company.

The following table summarizes the total equity-based compensation expense recognized by the Company:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Equity-based compensation expense recognized:
Stock options	$	103	$	768	$	131	$	1,244
Restricted stock		108		440		314		799
Other ^(a)		71		—		211		—
Total equity-based compensation expense before income taxes		282		1,208		656		2,043
Benefit for income taxes ^(b)		—		—		—		—
Total equity-based compensation expense net of income taxes	$	282	$	1,208	$	656	$	2,043

(a)	Other represents expense associated with the Program and other employee contractual amounts to be settled in equity.

(b)	The benefit for income taxes from equity-based compensation for each of the periods presented has been determined to be $0 based on valuation allowances against net deferred tax assets.

At September 30, 2018, total future compensation expense related to unvested awards yet to be recognized by the Company was approximately $497 for stock options and $391 for restricted stock. Total future compensation expense related to unvested awards yet to be recognized by the Company is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of approximately 1.5 years.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the fair value of stock options granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

	August 13, 2018	March 16, 2018
Weighted average fair value per stock option	$3.01	$3.77
Volatility	63.67%	62.58%
Average risk-free interest rate	2.66%	2.45%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Expected term (years)	3.1	3.3

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the fair value of stock options granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

	August 14, 2017	February 10, 2017
Weighted average fair value per stock option	$3.28 - $4.38	$5.46 - $5.75
Volatility	61.68% - 67.92%	62.89% - 63.75%
Average risk-free interest rate	1.40% - 1.82%	1.89% - 1.94%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Expected term (years)	2.5 - 5.5	5.0 - 5.5

For certain stock option awards, volatility is estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company when the expected term of the award is less than the period for which the Company has been publicly traded. For certain stock option awards, volatility is estimated based on the historical volatilities of certain peer group companies when the expected term of the award exceeds the period for which the Company has been publicly traded. The average risk-free rate is based on a weighted average yield curve of risk-free interest rates consistent with the expected term of the awards. Expected dividend yield is based on historical dividend data as well as future expectations. Expected term is calculated using the simplified method as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise experience upon which to base an estimate.

The activity for stock options was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018							2017
	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period		674,470		$	11.58	$	6.41		314,303		$	15.62	$	9.38
Stock options granted		147,500		$	7.01	$	3.13		389,000		$	8.16	$	3.89
Stock options exercised		(65,833	)	$	7.91	$	3.87		—		$	—	$	—
Stock options forfeited		(133,835	)	$	9.44	$	5.15		(500	)	$	15.74	$	9.60
Stock options expired		(108,332	)	$	13.28	$	7.58		(6,666	)	$	17.43	$	10.67
Outstanding at end of period		513,970		$	10.94	$	5.89		696,137		$	11.51	$	6.35
Stock options exercisable at end of period		360,132		$	12.41	$	6.90		427,953		$	12.67	$	7.16
Stock options expected to vest at end of period		153,838		$	7.49	$	3.52		268,184		$	9.66	$	5.06

At September 30, 2018, intrinsic value associated with stock options exercisable and expected to vest was approximately $243 and $355, respectively. The weighted average remaining contractual term of stock options exercisable and expected to vest at September 30, 2018, was approximately 4.9 years and 5.1 years, respectively. Stock options with an aggregate intrinsic value of approximately $574 were exercised by employees during the three months ended September 30, 2018, resulting in proceeds to the Company from the exercise of stock options of approximately $521. The Company received no income tax benefit related to these exercises. There were no other stock option exercises during 2018 or 2017.

The activity for restricted stock was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018					2017
	Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period		52,502		$	11.07		94,171		$	14.29
Restricted stock granted		57,000		$	7.39		60,000		$	9.01
Restricted stock vested		(42,501	)	$	10.51		(74,999	)	$	12.40
Restricted stock forfeited		—		$	—		(11,667	)	$	14.28
Outstanding at end of period		67,001		$	8.30		67,505		$	11.69
Restricted stock expected to vest at end of period		67,001		$	8.30		67,505		$	11.69

Restricted stock vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, had a fair value of approximately $326 and $670, respectively.

Note 14. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which

are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the as set or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk.

The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1		Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical investments that the Company has the ability to access.

Level 2		Inputs include:

		Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

		Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

		Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

		Inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3		Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The Company is required to disclose its estimate of the fair value of material financial instruments, including those recorded as assets or liabilities in its consolidated financial statements, in accordance with GAAP.

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company entered into two separate foreign exchange forward contracts with a German bank in an effort to hedge the variability of certain foreign exchange risks between the euro (the functional currency of the Company’s ExOne GmbH subsidiary) and the British pound sterling (the currency basis for cash flows resulting from a commercial sales arrangement with a customer). The first of the two foreign exchange forward contracts was both entered into and settled (in connection with cash received from the customer) during the three months ended March 31, 2017, resulting in a realized gain on settlement of approximately $16 (€15). The second of the two foreign exchange forward contracts was settled on August 31, 2017, resulting in a realized gain on settlement of approximately $14 (€12). Neither of the contracts was designated as a hedging instrument and accordingly, realized and unrealized gains (losses) have been recorded to other (income) expense – net in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. The Company classified both contracts as Level 2 fair value measurements. There were no such contracts entered into by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. There were no such contracts outstanding at either September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

The carrying values and fair values of other financial instruments (assets and liabilities) not required to be recorded at fair value were as follows:

	September 30,				December 31,
	2018				2017
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,705	$	10,705	$	21,848	$	21,848
Restricted cash	$	1,312	$	1,312	$	330	$	330
Debt issuance costs ^(a)	$	217	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current portion of long-term debt ^(b)	$	142	$	147	$	137	$	142
Current portion of capital leases	$	14	$	14	$	15	$	15
Long-term debt ̶ net of current portion ^(b)	$	1,401	$	1,422	$	1,508	$	1,533
Capital leases ̶ net of current portion	$	38	$	38	$	36	$	36

(a)

Represents debt issuance costs associated with the Company’s related party revolving credit facility (Note 11) of which $88 was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $129 was included in other noncurrent assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2018.

(b)	Carrying values at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are net of unamortized debt issuance costs of approximately $26 and $30, respectively.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, current portion of long-term debt and current portion of capital leases approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. The fair value of long-term debt – net of current portion and capital leases – net of current portion have been estimated by management based on the consideration of applicable interest rates (including certain instruments at variable or floating rates) and other available information (including quoted prices of similar instruments available to the Company). Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were classified as Level 1; current portion of long-term debt, current portion of capital leases, long-term debt – net of current portion and capital leases – net of current portion were classified as Level 2 .

Note 15. Concentration of Credit Risk

During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company conducted a significant portion of its business with a limited number of customers, though not necessarily the same customers for each respective period. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s five most significant customers represented approximately 34.6% and 46.0% of total revenue, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s five most significant customers represented approximately 17.9% and 22.2% of total revenue, respectively. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accounts receivable from the Company’s five most significant customers were approximately $1,267 and $4,199, respectively.

Note 16. Related Party Transactions

Revenues

Sales of products and/or services to related parties for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were approximately $8 and $25, respectively. None of the transactions met a threshold requiring review and approval by the Audit Committee of the Board. There were no sales of products and/or services to related parties during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

There were no amounts due from related parties at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

Expenses

Purchases of products and/or services from related parties during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, were approximately $4 for both periods. Purchases of products and/or services from related parties during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, were approximately $16 and $12, respectively. Purchases of products and/or services by the Company during each of the respective periods included website design services and leased office space from related parties under common control by S. Kent Rockwell, who is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and prior to June 20, 2018, was the Executive Chairman of the Company. None of the transactions met a threshold requiring review and approval by the Audit Committee of the Board.

Amounts due to related parties at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, were approximately $2 and $1, respectively. Amounts due to related parties for both periods were reflected in accounts payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company also receives the benefit of the corporate use of an airplane from a related party under common control by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company for no consideration. The Company estimates the fair market value of the benefits received during the three months ended September 30, 2018 was approximately $5. There were no such benefits received during any other period in 2018 or 2017.

Other

Refer to Note 11 for further discussion relating to a revolving credit facility with a related party entered into in March 2018.

Note 17. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all of its activities and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Manag ement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

(dollars in thousands, except per-share amounts)

The following discussion and analysis should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act with respect to our future financial or business performance, strategies, or expectations. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by words or phrases such as “trend,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “pipeline,” “believe,” “comfortable,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “current,” “intention,” “estimate,” “position,” “assume,” “outlook,” “continue,” “remain,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “seek,” “achieve,” as well as similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could” and “may.”

We caution that forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and we assume no duty to and do not undertake to update forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements and future results could differ materially from historical performance.

In addition to items described under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, the following factors, among others, could cause results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance: our ability to generate operating profits; fluctuations in our revenues and operating results; the results o f our global cost realignment initiative; our competitive environment and our competitive position; our ability to enhance our current 3D printing machines and technology and develop new 3D printing machines; our ability to qualify more industrial material s in which we can print; demand for our products; the availability of skilled personnel; the impact of loss of key management ; the impact of market conditions and other factors on the carrying value of long-lived assets; our ability to continue as a going concern; the impact of customer specific terms in machine sale agreements on the period in which we recognize revenue ; risks related to global operations in cluding effects of foreign currency; the adequacy of sources of liquidity; the amount and sufficienc y of funds for required capital expenditures, working capital, and debt service; dependency on certain critical suppliers; nature or impact of alliances and str ategic investments ; reliance on critical information technology systems; the effect of litigatio n, contingencies and warranty claims; liabilities under laws and regulations protecting the environment; the impact of governmental laws and regulations; operating hazards, war, terrorism and cancellation or unavailability of insurance coverage; the impact of disruption of our manufacturing facilities, Production Service Centers (“PSCs”) or ExOne Adoption Centers (“EACs”); the adequacy of our protection of our intellectual property; and expectations regarding demand for our industrial products, operating revenues, operating and maintenance expenses, insurance expenses and deductibles, interest expenses, debt levels, and other matters with regard to outlook .

Overview

Our Business

We are a global provider of 3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products, materials and services to industrial customers. Our business primarily consists of manufacturing and selling 3D printing machines and printing products to specification for our customers using our installed base of 3D printing machines. Our machines serve direct and indirect applications. Direct printing produces a component; indirect printing makes a tool to produce a component. We offer pre-production collaboration and print products for customers through our network of PSCs and EACs. We also supply the associated materials, including consumables and replacement parts, and other services, including training and technical support that are necessary for purchasers of our 3D printing machines to print products. We believe that our ability to print in a variety of industrial materials, as well as our industry-leading volumetric output (as measured by build box size and printing speed), uniquely position us to serve the needs of industrial customers .

Recent Developments

In April 2018 we completed the introduction of our newest direct 3D printing machine, the Innovent+. Based on the Innovent platform, the Innovent+ system comes with our new ultrasonic recoater designed for material flexibility and ease of use. We believe that the ultrasonic recoater is the most advanced powder dispensing technology in the market. It can be quickly removed for system cleaning or powder change over. Each recoater comes with four screen configurations which allow for greater material compatibility. Expanded dust collection options have been localized to pull powder from around the buildbox and utilize a dust particulate remover with variable control. Expanded dust collection options are compatible with both the Innovent and the Innovent+ 3D printing machine platforms.

In August 2018 we announced the release of 304L stainless steel as a printable material through our PSC in North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania and as a qualified material on our direct printers. 304L is the most commonly used stainless steel and is suitable to applications in a wide range of industries due to its high durability, corrosion resistance and low cost. Common applications include components for appliances, marine, medical, kitchenware, fasteners and heat exchangers. 304L stainless steel joins 316L stainless steel and 17-4PH stainless steel as high density, single-alloy qualified materials for printing through our PSC and direct printers, in addition to our matrix materials, which include 420 stainless steel infiltrated with bronze and 316 stainless steel infiltrated with bronze.

Outlook

Our operating priorities include the following:

▪

Continuing to accelerate the adoption rate of binder jetting technologies. We plan to grow our market leading position with respect to 3D printing solutions for customers and continue advancing our innovations in direct and indirect printing, principally through an expansion of our fine powder (less than 20 micron) direct printing capabilities and development activities associated with large format direct and indirect 3D printing machines. Our focus continues to be industrial markets for utilization of binder jetting technologies for non-polymer based materials. Our strength in industrial markets is rooted in our diverse material capabilities, our lower cost of adoption versus other competing technologies, our faster printing speeds and our scalability to larger product size. We expect to increase our investment in research and development by approximately $1,000 to $2,000 during 2018 (as compared to 2017) as a result of these and other initiatives. Our investment in research and development during 2018 (as compared to 2017) has been revised from approximately $4,000 to $8,000 (as indicated in earlier periods) based on efficiencies and reductions identified as part of our global cost realignment (further discussed below).

▪

Evaluation of our business model. We continue to focus our efforts on optimizing our business model, including maximizing our facility utilization and our gross profit. We have consolidated certain of our operations to achieve efficiencies and we will continue to consider additional strategic decisions resulting in further consolidation, elimination or other modification to our existing machine manufacturing, PSCs, EACs and other operations. We are reviewing our product groups to better manage our product marketing and delivery to our customers to accelerate the adoption rate of our technologies. We are continuously reviewing the industry for developments in printing technologies, materials, methods, innovations or services that offer strategic benefits that can improve, accelerate or advance our products or services.

▪

Execution of our global cost realignment. In June 2018 we announced our plans for a global cost realignment which focuses on a reduction of our production overhead costs and operating expenses in an effort to achieve net income and positive operating cash flows in 2019. As part of our plans, we have already executed on certain employee terminations, reductions in consulting expenditures and asset consolidations. We plan to continue this process through the end of 2018 with particular focus on operational and working capital efficiencies. In connection with our plans, we expect to achieve cost savings of approximately $2,000 to $3,000 during the second half of 2018 (as compared to the first half of 2018), with an overall goal of cost savings of approximately $8,000 in run rate costs in 2019 (as compared to full year 2018), which considers the aforementioned revision in research and development investment further described above.

Restructuring

In August 2018 we committed to a plan to consolidate certain of our 3D printing operations from our Houston, Texas facility into our Troy, Michigan facility. These actions were taken as part of our efforts to optimize our business model and maximize our facility utilization. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a charge of approximately $28 split between cost of sales ($15) and selling, general and administrative expense ($13) associated with involuntary employee terminations related to this plan. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an additional charge of approximately $1 (to cost of sales) associated with asset impairments related to this plan. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. We settled all amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

At September 30, 2018 we reclassified approximately $822 in property and equipment relating to our Houston, Texas facility (principally land and building) associated with certain assets meeting required criteria as held for sale (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet).

The consolidation of our 3D printing operations from our Houston, Texas facility into our Troy, Michigan facility is expected to result in a reduction in our annual revenues of approximately $1,400. Revenues associated with our Houston, Texas facility were approximately $153 and $944 for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Revenues associated with our Houston, Texas facility were approximately $451 and $1,430 for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2017. We expect annualized cost savings related to this consolidation of approximately $1,800, with approximately $1,600 in the form of cash cost savings (principally employee-related and other operating costs) and approximately $200 in the form of reduced depreciation expense. Cost savings associated with the exit of this facility are expected to benefit cost of sales by approximately $1,600 and selling, general and administrative expenses by approximately $200. We expect to invest these cost savings into technological or process advancements that support either long-term cost benefits or revenue growth.

In December 2017 we committed to a plan to consolidate certain of our 3D printing operations from our Desenzano del Garda, Italy facility into our Gersthofen, Germany facility. These actions were taken as part of our efforts to optimize our business model and maximize our facility utilization. As a result of these actions, dur ing the three months ended December 31, 2017, we recorded a charge of approximately $72 split between cost of sales ($19) and selling, general and administrative expense ($53) associated with involuntary employee terminations related to this plan. During t he three months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded an additional charge of approximately $245 associated with other exit costs ($17) and asset impairments ($228) related to this plan. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded an additional ch arge of approximately $13 associated with asset impairments related to this plan. In addition, during the three months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded a gain from disposal of certain property and equipment of approximately $51 (recorded to cost of sales i n the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss). Charges associated with other exit costs recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. Charges associated with asset impairments recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were recorded to cost of sales as a component of depreciation expense in the accompanying condensed stat ement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. Other exit costs relate to the remaining facility rent due under a non-cancellable operating lease following the cessation of operations at the facility in January 2018. Asset impairment charges rela te to certain leasehold improvements associated with the exited facility and other equipment which we abandoned. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. We settled all amounts associated with inv oluntary employee terminations and facility rentals during the six months ended June 30, 2018 .

The consolidation of our 3D printing operations from our Desenzano del Garda, Italy facility into our Gersthofen, Germany facility is not expected to have a significant impact on our revenues in future periods. We expect annualized cost savings related to this consolidation of approximately $875, with approximately $600 in the form of cash cost savings (principally employee-related and other operating costs) and approximately $275 in the form of reduced depreciation expense. Cost savings associated with the exit of this facility are expected to benefit cost of sales by approximately $625 and selling, general and administrative expenses by approximately $250. We expect to invest these cost savings into technological or process advancements that support either long-term cost benefits or revenue growth.

In January 2017 we committed to a plan to consolidate certain of our 3D printing operations from our North Las Vegas, Nevada facility into our Troy, Michigan and Houston, Texas facilities and exit our non-core specialty machining operations in our Chesterfield, Michigan facility. These actions were taken as a result of the accelerating adoption rate of our indirect printing technology in North America which resulted in a refocus of our operational strategy.

As a result of these actions, during the three months ended March 31, 2017, we recorded charges of approximately $984, including approximately $110 associated with involuntary employee terminations, approximately $7 associated with other exit costs and approximately $867 associated with asset impairments. Charges associated with involuntary employee terminations and other exit costs were recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. Charges associated with asset impairments were split between cost of sales ($598), as a component of depreciation expense, and selling, general and administrative expenses ($269), as a component of amortization expense, in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded an additional charge of approximately $32 associated with an additional involuntary employee termination which required a service commitment through April 2017. This charge was recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of operations and comprehensive loss. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. We settled all amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations and other exit costs during 2017.

Charges associated with asset impairments (discussed above) relate principally to our plan to exit our non-core specialty machining operations in our Chesterfield, Michigan facility. On April 21, 2017, we sold to a third party certain assets associated with these operations including inventories (approximately $79), property and equipment (approximately $2,475) and other contractual rights (approximately $269). Total gross proceeds from the sale of these assets were approximately $2,050. After deducting costs directly attributable to the sale of these assets (approximately $128), we recorded an impairment loss during the three months ended March 31, 2017, of approximately $859 split between property and equipment ($590) and intangible assets ($269) based on the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the related assets at March 31, 2017. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded a loss on disposal of approximately $42. Both the impairment loss and the loss on disposal were recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss.

Separate from the transaction described above, on May 9, 2017, we sold to a third party certain property and equipment (principally land and building) associated with our North Las Vegas, Nevada facility. Total gross proceeds from the sale of these assets were approximately $1,950. After deducting costs directly attributable to the sale of these assets (approximately $137), we recorded a gain on disposal (recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss) during the three months ended June 30, 2017, of approximately $347. Additionally, we recorded an impairment loss during the three months ended March 31, 2017, of approximately $8 associated with certain property and equipment which was abandoned in connection with our exit of our North Las Vegas, Nevada facility.

The consolidation of our 3D printing operations from our North Las Vegas, Nevada facility into our Troy, Michigan and Houston, Texas facilities is not expected to have a significant impact on our revenues in future periods. We expect annualized cost savings

related to this consolidation of approximately $600, with approximately $570 in the form of cash cost savings (principally employee-related and other operating costs) and approximately $30 in the form of reduced depreciation expense. All cost savings associated with this consolidation are expected to benefit cost of sales. We expect to invest these cost savings into technological or process advancements that support either long-term cost benefits or revenue growt h.

We expect annualized reductions in revenue related to our exit of our non-core specialty machining operations in our Chesterfield, Michigan facility of approximately $1,400. Revenues associated with our non-core specialty machining operations in our Chesterfield, Michigan facility were approximately $346 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. We expect annualized cost savings related to this exit of approximately $500, with approximately $200 in the form of cash cost savings (principally employee-related and other operating costs), approximately $200 in the form of reduced depreciation expense and approximately $100 in the form of reduced amortization expense. Cost savings associated with the exit of this facility are expected to benefit cost of sales by approximately $400 and selling, general and administrative expenses by approximately $100. We expect to invest these cost savings into technological or process advancements that support either long-term cost benefits or revenue growth.

Impairment

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, as a result of continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies, we identified a triggering event requiring a test for the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used at the asset group level. Assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used requires significant judgments and estimates by management.

For purposes of testing long-lived assets for recoverability, we operate as three separate asset groups: United States, Europe and Japan. In assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used, we determined the carrying amount of long-lived assets held and used to be in excess of the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows of the related assets. We proceeded to determine the fair value of our long-lived assets held and used, principally through use of the market approach. Our use of the market approach included consideration of market transactions for comparable assets. Management concluded that the fair value of long-lived assets held and used exceeded their carrying value, and as such, no impairment loss was recorded .

Backlog

At September 30, 2018, our backlog was approximately $26,500 of which approximately $23,600 is expected to be fulfilled during the next twelve months. At December 31, 2017, our backlog was approximately $21,300.

Results of Operations

Net Loss

Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $323, or $0.02 per basic and diluted share, compared with a net loss of $4,863, or $0.30 per basic and diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $14,745, or $0.91 per basic and diluted share, compared with a net loss of $18,057 or $1.13 per basic and diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in our net loss for the three month period was principally due to an increase in our revenues and gross profit, decreases in our operating expenses (research and development and selling, general and administrative expense) and the benefit of an insurance recovery through other (income) expense – net during the three months ended September 30, 2018 (all changes further described below). The decrease in our net loss for the nine month period was principally due to an increase in our revenues and gross profit, offset by a net increase in operating expenses (selling, general and administrative expense decreases offset by an increase in research and development expenses) and the benefit of the aforementioned insurance recovery during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (all changes further described below).

Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue by product group:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,								September 30,
	2018				2017				2018				2017
3D printing machines	$	9,700	58.5	%	$	8,552	53.8	%	$	17,434	44.3	%	$	17,081	45.5	%
3D printed and other products, materials and services		6,889	41.5	%		7,335	46.2	%		21,905	55.7	%		20,474	54.5	%
	$	16,589	100.0	%	$	15,887	100.0	%	$	39,339	100.0	%	$	37,555	100.0	%

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $16,589, compared with revenue of $15,887 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an in crease of $702, or 4.4%. The increase in revenue resulted from an increase in revenue attributable to our 3D printing machines product group, offset by a decrease in revenues attributable to our 3D printed and other products, materials and services product group. The increase in revenues from 3D printing machines resulted from a higher volume of units sold (15 3D printing machines sold during the three months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to 12 3D printing machines sold during the three months ended September 30, 2017), slightly offset by an unfavorable mix of machines sold. The decrease in revenues from 3D printed and other products, materials and services principally resulted from a decrease in revenues from our indirect PSC and EAC printing operat ions based on lower volumes of sale of printed products as a result of lower customer demand and the impact of our exit of our Houston, Texas facility during the three months ended September 30, 2018, slightly offset by an increase in consumable material a nd service revenues (maintenance services and replacement components for 3D printing machines) based on an increased global installed base of 3D printing machines.

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $39,339 compared with revenue of $37,555 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $1,784, or 4.8%. The increase in revenue resulted from an increase in revenue attributable to both of our product groups. The increase in revenues from 3D printing machines resulted from a higher volume of units sold (28 3D printing machines sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to 25 3D printing machines sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2017), along with favorable exchange rates (principally the euro versus the United States dollar), slightly offset by an unfavorable mix of machines sold. The increase in revenues from 3D printed and other products, materials and services principally resulted from an increase in revenues from our direct PSC printing operations as a result of increased customer acceptance of our binder jet technologies and an increase in consumable material and service revenues (maintenance services and replacement components for 3D printing machines) based on an increased global installed base of 3D printing machines along with favorable exchange rates (principally the euro versus the United States dollar). These increases in revenues from 3D printed and other products, materials and services were offset by decreases in product sales associated with our former specialty machining operation located in our Chesterfield, Michigan facility (approximately $346) following the sale of certain assets associated with this operation in April 2017 and a reduction in revenues associated with our indirect PSC and EAC printing operations based on lower customer demand and the impact of our exit of our Houston, Texas facility during the three months ended September 30, 2018 .

The following table summarizes 3D printing machines sold by type (refer to the “Recent Developments” section above and the “Our Machines and Machine Platforms” section of Part I, Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, for a description of 3D printing machines by type):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
3D printing machine units sold:
Exerial		—		4		—		4
S-Max+		—		1		—		1
S-Max		6		1		10		7
S-Print		1		2		2		2
M-Flex		1		2		2		6
Innovent+		3		—		4		—
Innovent		4		2		10		5
		15		12		28		25

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $10,016, compared with cost of sales of $11,790 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $1,774, or 15.0%. The decrease in cost of sales was due to a decrease in our variable cost of sales primarily attributable to the absence of our recognition of four Exerial printing machines during the three months ended September 30, 2017 (approximately $2,762) which yielded a break-even result on a contribution margin basis and a decrease in consulting and professional fees of approximately $215 (as part of our global cost realignment).

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $6,573, compared with gross profit of $4,097 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Gross profit percentage was 39.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared with 25.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The change in gross profit was the result of the increase in revenues and decrease in cost of sales as further described above.

Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $28,560, compared with cost of sales of $29,829 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $1,269, or 4.3%. The decrease in cost of sales was due to a net decrease in our variable cost of sales attributable to the absence of our recognition of four Exerial printing machines during the three months ended September 30, 2017 (approximately $2,762) which yielded a break-even result on a contribution margin basis, offset by an increase in variable cost of sales due to an increase in revenues. Other decreases included approximately $962 in net charges associated with

slow-moving, obsolete and lower of cost or net realizable value inventories (principally due to the difference between the $1,460 charge associated with our Exerial 3D printing machine platform inven tories recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and the $561 charge associated with our industrial microwave inventories recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2018) and a net decrease in costs associated with exit activities of approx imately $524. During nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred costs of approximately $223 (approximately $15 in employee termination costs, $17 in other exit costs and $191 in asset impairments) associated with our consolidation of our 3D printing operations from our facility in Desenzano del Garda, Italy into our Gersthofen, Germany facility and our Houston, Texas facility into our Troy, Michigan facility. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we incurred costs of approximately $747 (ap proximately $142 in employee termination costs, $7 in other exit costs and $598 in asset impairments) associated with our consolidation of our 3D printing operations from our facility in North Las Vegas, Nevada into our Troy, Michigan and Houston, Texas fa cilities and our exit of our non-core specialty machining operations in Chesterfield, Michigan. Offsetting these decreases were increases attributable to a reduction in net gains from the disposal of property and equipment of approximately $254 and unfavor able exchange rates (principally the euro versus the United States dollar). Net gains on the disposal of property and equipment recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily related to our sale of certain property and equipment (princ ipally land and building) associated with our consolidation and exit of our North Las Vegas, Nevada PSC .

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $10,779, compared with gross profit of $7,726 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Gross profit percentage was 27.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with 20.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The change in gross profit was the result of the increase in revenues and decrease in cost of sales as further described above.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were $2,444, compared with research and development expenses of $2,871 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $427, or 14.9%. The decrease in research and development expenses was primarily due to a decrease in consulting and professional fees of approximately $337 (as part of our global cost realignment) and a reduction in material costs utilized as part of material and printer development activities of approximately $125.

Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $8,474 compared with research and development expenses of $7,219 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $1,255, or 17.4%. The increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs (salaries, benefits and equity-based compensation) of approximately $628 (including approximately $71 in employee termination costs associated with our global cost realignment), consulting and professional fees of approximately $324 associated with certain machine development and other organizational development activities, such increases incurred prior to enactment of our global cost realignment in June 2018, and unfavorable exchange rates (principally the euro versus the United States dollar).

We expect to increase our investment in research and development by approximately $1,000 to $2,000 during 2018 (as compared to 2017) in an effort to accelerate the development of our large format, fine powder direct printing capabilities and our material development activities for direct and indirect printing, among other initiatives . Our investment in research and development during 2018 (as compared to 2017) has been revised from approximately $4,000 to $8,000 (as indicated in earlier periods) based on efficiencies and reductions identified as part of our global cost realignment .

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were $5,200, compared with selling, general and administrative expenses of $6,062 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $862, or 14.2%. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was principally due to a decrease in employee-related costs (salaries and benefits) of approximately $145 (as part of our global cost realignment) and equity-based compensation of approximately $815 (as a result of a reduction in awards issued to employees under less favorable vesting conditions), offset by lower net recoveries for bad debts of approximately $2 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus approximately $183 during the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $17,755, compared with selling, general and administrative expenses of $18,338 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $583, or 3.2%. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was principally due to decreases associated with equity-based compensation of approximately $1,384 (as a result of pre-vesting forfeitures associated with the change in our Chief Executive Officer in June 2018 and a reduction in awards issued to employees under less favorable vesting conditions), consulting and professional fees of approximately $187, and the absence of an impairment of intangible assets of approximately $269 during the three months ended March 31, 2017, in connection with our plan to exit our non-core specialty machining operations at our Chesterfield, Michigan facility. These decreases were offset by an increase in employee-related costs (salaries and benefits) of approximately $1,257 (including approximately $708 in employee termination costs associated with the change in our Chief Executive Officer and our global cost realignment, both enacted in June 2018) and unfavorable exchange rates (principally the euro versus the United States dollar).

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $73, compared with interest expense of $24 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $49, or 204.2%. The increase in interest expense was principally due to interest incurred in connection with our revolving credit facility with a related party entered into on March 12, 2018 (approximately $51 during the three months ended September 30, 2018).

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $179, compared with interest expense of $69 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $110, or 159.4%. The increase in interest expense was principally due to interest incurred in connection with our above-referenced revolving credit facility with a related party (approximately $110 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018).

Other (Income) Expense – Net

Other (income) expense – net for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was ($838), compared with other (income) expense – net of ($11) for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Included in other (income) expense – net for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was approximately $819 of a realized gain associated with an insurance recovery for a 3D printing machine damaged by a third party freight company while in transit. Amounts for both periods also included interest income on cash and cash equivalents balances and net foreign exchange (gains) losses on commercial transactions and certain intercompany transactions between subsidiaries either settled or planned for settlement in the foreseeable future.

Other (income) expense – net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was ($936), compared with other (income) expense – net of $134 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Other (income) expense – net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 included the aforementioned realized gain associated with an insurance recovery for a 3D printing machine damaged by a third party freight company while in transit. Amounts for both periods also included interest income on cash and cash equivalents balances and net foreign exchange (gains) losses on commercial transactions and certain intercompany transactions between subsidiaries either settled or planned for settlement in the foreseeable future.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $17 and $14, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was 5.6% (provision on a loss) and 0.3% (provision on a loss), respectively. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, was $52 and $23, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, was 0.4% (provision on a loss) and 0.1% (provision on a loss), respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% (2018) and 34.0% (2017) for each of the periods presented primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the periods.

We have completed a discrete period computation of our provision for income taxes for each of the periods presented. The discrete period computation was required as a result of jurisdictions with losses before income taxes for which no tax benefit can be recognized and an inability to generate reliable estimates for results in certain jurisdictions as a result of inconsistencies in generating net operating profits (losses) in those jurisdictions.

We have provided a valuation allowance for our net deferred tax assets as a result of our inability to generate consistent net operating profits in jurisdictions in which we operate. As such, any benefit from deferred taxes in any of the periods presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements has been fully offset by changes in the valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets. We continue to assess our future taxable income by jurisdiction based on our recent historical operating results, the expected timing of reversal of temporary differences, various tax planning strategies that we may be able to enact in future periods, the impact of potential operating changes on our business and our forecast results from operations in future periods based on available information at the end of each reporting period. To the extent that we are able to reach the conclusion that net deferred tax assets are realizable based on any combination of the above factors in a single, or multiple, taxing jurisdictions, a reversal of the related portion of our existing valuation allowances may occur.

Impact of Inflation

Our results of operations and financial condition are presented based on historical cost. While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation due to the imprecise nature of the estimates required, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our results of operations and financial condition are not significant.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

We have incurred a net loss in each of our annual periods since our inception. In addition, we incurred a net loss of approximately $323 and $14,745 for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. At September 30, 2018, we had approximately $10,705 in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents.

We have received cumulative unrestricted net proceeds from the sale of our common stock (through our initial public offering and subsequent secondary offerings) of approximately $168,361 to fund our operations. Most recently, we received approximately $595 in unrestricted net proceeds from the sale of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2016 through an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“ATM”) with FBR Capital Markets & Co. (“FBR”) and MLV & Co. LLC (“MLV”) pursuant to which FBR and MLV agreed to act as distribution agents in the sale of up to $50,000 in the aggregate of our common stock in “at the market offeri ngs” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) . Subsequent to the filing of our registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-223690) in March 2018 we have not reactivated the ATM and therefore do not consider the ATM to be an active source of liquidity.

In March 2018 we entered into a three-year, $15,000 revolving credit facility with a related party (further described below).

In June 2018 we announced our plans for a global cost realignment which focuses on a reduction of our production overhead costs and operating expenses in an effort to achieve net income and positive cash flows in 2019. As part of our plans, we have already executed on certain employee terminations and reductions in consulting expenditures. We plan to continue this process through the end of 2018 with particular focus on operational and working capital efficiencies. In connection with our plans, we expect to achieve cost savings of approximately $2,000 to $3,000 during the second half of 2018 (as compared to the first half of 2018), with an overall goal of cost savings of approximately $10,000 in 2019 (as compared to full year 2018).

We believe that our existing capital resources will be sufficient to support our operating plan. If we anticipate that our actual results will differ from our operating plan, we believe we have sufficient capabilities to enact cost savings measures to preserve capital (in addition to the cost savings measures associated with our global cost realignment program further described above). Further, we may seek to raise additional capital to support our growth through additional debt, equity or other alternatives (including asset sales) or a combination thereof.

Related Party Revolving Credit Facility

On March 12, 2018, ExOne and its ExOne Americas LLC and ExOne GmbH subsidiaries, as guarantors (collectively, the “Loan Parties”), entered into a Credit Agreement and related ancillary agreements with LBM Holdings, LLC (“LBM”), a company controlled by S. Kent Rockwell, who was our Executive Chairman (a related party) at such date and effective June 20, 2018, became our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, relating to a $15,000 revolving credit facility (the “LBM Credit Agreement”) to provide additional funding for working capital and general corporate purposes. The LBM Credit Agreement provides for a term of three years (through March 12, 2021) and bears interest at a rate of one month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 500 basis points (approximately 6.7% and 7.3% at inception and September 30, 2018, respectively). The LBM Credit Agreement requires a commitment fee of 75 basis points, or 0.75%, on the unused portion of the facility, payable monthly in arrears. In addition, an up-front commitment fee of 125 basis points, or 1.25% (approximately $188), was required at closing. Borrowings under the LBM Credit Agreement are required to be in minimum increments of $1,000. ExOne may terminate or reduce the credit commitment at any time during the term of the LBM Credit Agreement without penalty. ExOne may also make prepayments against outstanding borrowings under the LBM Credit Agreement at any time without penalty. Borrowings under the LBM Credit Agreement have been collateralized by the accounts receivable, inventories and machinery and equipment of the Loan Parties. At inception of the credit facility and September 30, 2018 the total estimated value of collateral was in significant excess of the maximum borrowing capacity under the LBM Credit Agreement.

LBM was determined to be a related party based on common control by S. Kent Rockwell, who was our Executive Chairman at the time we entered into the LBM Credit Agreement and effective June 20, 2018, became our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Accordingly, we do not consider the LBM Credit Agreement indicative of a fair market value lending. Prior to execution, the LBM Credit Agreement was subject to review and approval by a sub-committee of independent members of our Board (which included each of the members of the Audit Committee of the Board). At the time of execution of the LBM Credit Agreement, the $15,000 in available loan proceeds were deposited into an escrow account with an unrelated, third party financial institution acting as escrow agent pursuant to a separate Escrow Agreement by and among the parties. Loan proceeds held in escrow are available to us upon our submission to the escrow agent of a loan request. Such proceeds will not be available to LBM until payment in-full of the obligations under the LBM Credit Agreement and termination of the LBM Credit Agreement. Payments of principal and other obligations will be made to the escrow agent, while interest payments will be made directly to LBM. Provided there exists no potential default or event of default, the LBM Credit Agreement and Escrow Agreement prohibit any acceleration of repayment of any amount outstanding under the LBM Credit Agreement and prohibit termination of the LBM Credit Agreement or withdrawal from escrow of any unused portion of the LBM Credit Agreement.

There were no borrowings by us under the LBM Credit Agreement from March 12, 2018 through September 30, 2018.

We incurred approximately $265 in debt issuance costs associated with the LBM Credit Agreement (including the aforementioned up front commitment fee paid at closing to LBM). During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorde d interest expense relating to the LBM Credit Agreement of approximately $51 and $110, respectively. Included in interest expense for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was approximately $23 and $48, respectively, associated with amo rtization of debt issuance costs (resulting in approximately $217 in remaining debt issuance costs at September 30, 2018, of which approximately $88 was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and approximately $129 was included in other nonc urrent assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet). Included in interest expense for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was approximately $28 and $62, respectively, associated with the commitment fee on the unuse d portion of the revolving credit facility, of which at September 30, 2018 approximately $9 was included in accounts payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. We settled all amounts payable to LBM at September 30, 2018 in October 20 18.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the significant components of cash flows for each of the nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Net cash used for operating activities	$	(8,889	)	$	(12,895	)
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities		(1,115	)		2,828
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities		137			(166	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(294	)		882
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(10,161	)	$	(9,351	)


	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,705		$	21,848
Restricted cash		1,312			330
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	12,017		$	22,178

Operating Activities

Net cash used for operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $8,889, compared with net cash used for operating activities of $12,895 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The net decrease in cash outflows of $4,006 was due to a decrease in our net loss (net of noncash items) and an increase in net cash inflows from changes in assets and liabilities, mostly due to an increase in net cash inflows from customers (principally due to timing of cash collections on 3D printing machine sales) offset by an increase in net cash outflows principally associated with inventory production of our 3D printing machines (consistent with our operating plans) and the timing of payments to our suppliers and vendors for our production and operating expenses.

Investing Activities

Net cash used for investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $1,115, compared with net cash provided by investing activities of $2,828 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Activity for both periods included cash outflows for capital expenditures (consistent with our operating plans), offset by proceeds from the sale of property and equipment. Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 included approximately $3,656 from the sale of property and equipment associated with our non-core specialty machining operation in Chesterfield, Michigan and our PSC in North Las Vegas, Nevada completed during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

We expect our remaining 2018 capital expenditures to be limited to spending associated with sustaining our existing operations and strategic asset acquisition and deployment (additional estimated spending of less than $1,000) .

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $137, compared with net cash used for financing activities of $166 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities included approximately $521 in cash inflows associated with proceeds from the exercise of stock options by employees. These cash inflows were offset by cash outflows of

approximately $265 in debt issuance co sts associated with our revolving credit facility with a related party (further described above). Activity for both periods also included principal payments on outstanding debt and capital leases.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of our operations, our ExOne GmbH subsidiary issues financial guarantees and letters of credit to third parties in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security. At September 30, 2018, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by us were approximately $905 (€779) with expiration dates ranging from October 2018 through June 2022. At December 31, 2017, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by us were approximately $1,224 (€1,021). For further discussion related to financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by us, refer to Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q .

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Guidance

Refer to Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of September 30, 2018, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) pursuant to Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act. These controls and procedures were designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2018 to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we have added to or modified our internal control over financial reporting related to certain business performance review controls at both our subsidiary and parent levels. These internal control over financial reporting additions and modifications have been completed in an effort to strengthen our overall monitoring controls over financial and operational performance and provide a level of risk mitigation with respect to certain transaction-level control activities globally.

Other than the items further described above, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are subject to various litigation, claims, and proceedings which have been or may be instituted or asserted from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of any pending or threatened matters will have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes from the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a)(3) Exhibits

The Exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

EXHIBIT INDEX

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

Exhibit Number	Description	Method of Filing

10.1	The ExOne Company Change of Control Severance Plan.	Filed herewith.

31.1	Rule 13(a)-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer.	Filed herewith.

31.2	Rule 13(a)-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer.	Filed herewith.

32	Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer.	Filed herewith.

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.	Filed herewith.

101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	Filed herewith.

101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.

101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.

101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.

101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

The ExOne Company

By:		/s/ S. Kent Rockwell
		S. Kent Rockwell
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:		November 8, 2018

By:		/s/ Douglas D. Zemba
		Douglas D. Zemba
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

Date:		November 8, 2018


	Exhibit 10.1

THE EXONE COMPANY

CHANGE OF CONTROL SEVERANCE PLAN

And Summary Pl an Description

Effective August 8, 2017, as amended through August 8, 2018

This Severance P l an (the “Plan") shall become effective with respect to any particular Designated Employee (as defined below) as of the date such Designated Employee has been designated for participation in the Plan by The ExOne Company (“ExOne” and, together with its subsidiaries, the “ Company") as provided in Exhibit A hereto. This document is al so intended to constitute the Summary Pl an Description for the Plan.

The Plan is effective as of August 8, 2017, as amended on August 8, 2018. The Plan is intended to comply with the provisions of Section 409A of the I nternal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code") and the regulations and other Treasury Department guidance promulgated thereunder, and shall be i nterpreted accordingly.

Purpose

Consistent with creating long-term shareholder value, the principal purposes of the Pl an are to (i) provide an incentive to the Designated Employees to remain in the employ of the Company, notwithstanding any uncertainty and job i nsecurity wh i ch may be created by an actual or prospective Change of Control , (ii ) encourage the Designated Employee's full attention and dedication to the Company currently and in the event of any actual or prospective Change of Control, and (iii) provide an incentive for the Designated Employees to be objective concerning any potential Change of Control and to fully support any Change of Control transaction approved by the Board of Directors.

Defi niti ons

Certain terms not otherwise defined i n this Pl an shall have the meanings set forth i n this Secti on 2.

(a) Cause . For purposes of this Plan and any agreements entered into pursuant to the Plan only, Cause shall mean:

(i) fraud, misappropriation, embezzlement or other act of material misconduct against the Company or any of its affiliates;

(ii) conviction of a felony involving a crime of moral turpitude;

(iii) willful and knowing violation of any rules or regulations of any governmental or regulatory body material to the business of the Company; or

(iv) substantial and willful failure to render services in accordance with the terms of this Agreement (other than as a result of illness, accident or other physical or mental incapacity), provided that a demand for performance of services has been del ivered to the Designated Employee i n writing by or on behalf of the board of directors of the Employer at l east 60 days prior to termination i dentifying the manner i n which such board of directors believes that the Desi gnated Employee has failed to perform and (B) the Designated Employee has thereafter failed to remedy such failure to perform.

(b) Change of Control . The term "Change of Control" means the occurrence of any of the following, provided such event also constitutes a change in control event as defined under Section 409A of the Code:

(i) if any Person is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing greater than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities, whether or not the Board shall have first given its approval of such acquisition; or

(ii) during any period of two consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board and any new Directors whose election by the Board or nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders was approved by at least two-thirds of the Directors then still in office who either were Directors at the beginning of the period or whose election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute a majority thereof; or

(iii) the consummation of a merger, combination or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or entity; provided, however, a Change in Control shall not be deemed to have occurred: (i) if such merger, combination or consolidation would result in all or a portion of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) either directly or indirectly more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation, or (ii) if the corporate existence of the Company is not affected and following the merger or consolidation, the majority of the Directors of the Company prior to such merger or consolidation constitute at least a majority of the Board or the entity that directly or indirectly controls the Company after such merger or consolidation; or

(iv) the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all the Company’s assets; or

(v) the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company.

(c) Compensation . “Compensation" shall mean the Designated Employee's annual base salary as in effect immediately prior to the date the Notice of Termination provided for in Section 3(c) of the Plan is given or i n effect immediately prior to the date of the Change of Control, whichever is greater.

(d) Designated Empl oyees . "Designated Employees" shall refer to those employees of ExOne and i ts subs i d i ar i es (the ent i ty di rectly employing a Designated Employee shall be referred to herein, with respect to such Designated Employee, as the "Employer") that are listed on Exhibit A attached hereto.

(e) Good Reason . A Designated Employee's termination of employment with the Company shall be deemed for "Good Reason" if it occurs within six months of any of the following without the Designated Employee's express written consent:

(i) A material and sustained diminution in the Designated Employee's duties or position from those in effect i mmediate l y prior to the Change of Control;

(ii) A material reduction by the Company in the Designated Employee's annual base sal ary as i n effect on the date of a Change of Control or as in effect thereafter if such compensation has been increased and such i ncrease was approved prior to the Change of Control;

(iii) Relocation of the Designated Employee's primary place of employment to any pl ace more than 35 miles from the employee’s designated primary pl ace of employment;

(iv) Any material breach by the Company of any provision of the Pl an or of any agreement entered into between the Company and the Designated Employee; or

(v) Any failure by the Company to obtain the assumption of the Plan or any agreement entered i nto pursuant to the P l an by any successor or assign of ExOne.

A Designated Employee claiming Good Reason for termination of employment must give written notice to the Company of his intention to terminate his

employment for Good Reason, which notice shall (i) state in detail the particular circumstances that constitute the grounds on which the proposed termination for Good Reason is based and (ii) be given no later than 90 days after the first occurrence of such circumstances. The Company shall have 30 days after receiving such notice in which to cure such grounds. If the Company fails to cure such grounds within such 30-day period, such Designated Employee's employment with the Company shall thereupon terminate for Good Reason.

(f) Protection Period . Protection Period means the period (i) starting on the earlier of (A) the date on which a definitive agreement is signed that, if consummated, would result in the occurrence of a Change of Control, or (B) the Change of Control itself if not preceded by such a definitive agreement, and (ii) ending on the earlier of (A) the date which is 18 months following the occurrence of the Change of Control, or (B) the public announcement that the transaction(s) contemplated by the definitive agreement will not take place.

(g) Release . Release means a general release of claims against the Company and the other persons specified therein substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, or in such other form as is required to comply with applicable law.

Termination In Connection with Change of Control

(a) Termination of Employment .

(i) In the event a Designated Employee in Tier I, Tier II or Tier III, at any time during the Protection Period, either (A) has a voluntary employment termination for Good Reason, or (B) has an involuntary employment termination for any reason other than for Cause, such Designated Employee shall be entitled to receive following such employment termination the payments and benefits described in Section 4(a) and 5 of this Pl an.

(ii) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan, no payments or benefits shall be made or provided under this Plan in the event that the Designated Employee's employment i s terminated by hi s Disability or by his death or for Cause.

(b) Disability . If, as a result of the Designated Employee's incapacity due to physical or mental illness, accident or other i ncapacity (as determined by the board of directors of the applicable Employer i n good faith) , the Designated Employee shall have been absent from his duties with the Employer on a full-time basis for si x consecutive months (or for a period of 180 days, whether or not consecutive, in any 12 consecutive month period) and,

within 30 days after written Notice of Termination thereafter given by the Employer, the Designated Empl oyee shall not have returned to the full time performance of the Designated Employee's duties, the Empl oyer may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, terminate the Designated Employee's employment for "Disability".

(c) Notice of Termination . Any purported termination of the Designated Employee's employment by the Designated Employee's Employer or the Designated Employee hereunder shall be communicated by a Notice of Termination to the other party in accordance with the terms of the agreement entered into pursuant to the Pl an. For purposes of the Plan and any agreement entered into pursuant hereto, a "Notice of Termination" shall mean a written notice which shall i ndicate those specific termination provisions in the Plan applicable to the termination and which sets forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for application of the prov i sions so i ndicated.

(d) Date of Termination . "Date of Termination” shall mean (i) if the Designated Employee is terminated by the Employer for Disability, thirty (30) days after Notice of Termination is given to the Desi gnated Employee (provi ded that the Designated Employee shall not have returned to the performance of the Designated Employee's duties on a full-time basis during such thirty (30) day period) or (ii) if the Designated Employee's employment is terminated by the Employer for any other reason or by the Designated Employee, the date on whi ch a Notice of Termination is given.

Severance Compensation upon Termination of Employment

(a) If the employment wi th the Company of a Designated Employee i n Tier I, Tier II or Tier III shall be terminated as set forth in Section 3(a)(i) of the Plan, then ExOne shall cause each Employer to pay and provide as follows to such Designated Empl oyee:

(i) For a Desi gnated Employee in Tier I, (A) provided a Change of Control is effectuated during the Protection Period, a • lump sum in cash on the sixtieth day following the later of the Date of Termination or the date on which the Change of Control occurs, in an amount equal to 2.5x the Designated Employee’s Compensation; and (B) for 18 months following the Date of Termination, health (medical, dental and vision) benefits substantially similar to those benefits which the Designated Employee is receiving immediately prior to the Change of Control or, if greater, immediately prior to the Notice of Termination.

(ii) For a Designated Employee in Tier II, (A) provided a Change of Control is effectuated during the Protection Period, a lump sum in cash on the sixtie th day following the later of the Date of Termination or the date on which the Change of Control occurs, in an amount equal to 2.0x

the Designated Employee’s Compensation; and (B) for 18 months following the Date of Termination, health (medical, dental and vision) benefits substantially similar to those benefits which the Designated Employee is receiving immediately prior to the Change of Control or, if greater, immediately prior to the Notice of Termination.

(iii) For a Designated Employee in Tier III, ( A) provided a Change of Control is effectuated during the Protection Period, a lump sum in cash on the sixtieth day following the later of the Date of Termination or the date on which the Change of Control occurs, in an amount equal to 1.0x the Designated Employee’s Compensation; and (B) for 12 months following the Date of Termination, health (medical, dental and vision) benefits substantially similar to those benefits which the Designated Employee is receiving immediately prior to the Change of Control or, if greater, immediately prior to the Notice of Termination

The benefit continuation period described in subsections (i), (ii) and (iii) above shall run concurrently with the period of COBRA continuation if COBRA benefits are elected by the Designated Employee, and any remaining COBRA benefits following the end of such benefit continuation period shall be at the Designated Employee’s sole expense.

(b) Release . No Designated Employee shall be eligible to receive any payments or other benefits under the Plan unless he or she executes a Release in favor of the Company and others as set forth on Exhibit B, or in such other form as is required to comply with applicable law, relating to all claims or liabilities of any kind against ExOne including his or her employment with ExOne or a subsidiary thereof and the termination of the Designated Employee’s employment, and such Release becomes effective and has not been revoked by the Designated Employee by the sixtieth (60th) day following the Date of Termination. If the Designated Employee does not execute and return the Release such that it does not become effective, or if the Release has been revoked, within the applicable 60-day period, the Designated Employee shall cease to be entitled to any payments or benefits under this Plan.

Equity Vesting

Pursuant to the Board’s authority under any ExOne equity incentive plan or individual award agreement, but not amending any provisions of such plans, 50% of any unvested ExOne stock options, restricted stock, restri cted stock units or any other equity based awards held by a Designated Employee and outstanding immediately prior to the occurrence of a Change of Control (“Unvested Equity Awards”) shall become vested and exercisable upon the occurrence of a Change of Control. The amount of any Unvested Equity Awards that are subject to the achievement of performance goals that shall be eligible to

vest pursuant to this Section 5 shall be determined based on achievement of the performance goals as of the date of the Change of Control, following adjustment of such goals in good faith by the Committee to reflect the shortened performance period. The remaining 50% of any Unvested Equity Awards shall become vested and exercisable pursuant to the terms of the equity incentive pl an or individual award agreement, provided that any remaining Unvested Equity Awards shall vest and become exercisable upon a termination of such Designated Employee’s employment following such Change of Control pursuant to Section 3(a)(i) of the Plan, sub ject to the Designated Employee’s execution and non-revocation of a Release pursuant to Section 4(b).

Tax Matters

The Designated Employee will be liable for and will pay all Designated Employee’s tax liability by virtue of any payments made to the Des ignated Employee under the Plan or otherwise. The Designated Employee shall not be entitled to any parachute tax gross-up payment. Accordingly, notwithstanding any contrary provisions in any other plan, program or policy of ExOne, if all or any portion of the benefits payable under the Plan, either alone or together with other payments and benefits which the Designated Employee receives or is entitled to receive from ExOne or any other source, would constitute an “excess parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G of Code, ExOne shall reduce the Designated Employee’s payments and benefits payable under the Plan to the extent necessary so that no portion thereof shall be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code. The effect of the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Code and other factors applicable in the determinations to be made under this Section shall be determined by the Accountants. For the purposes of this Section 6, the "Accountants" shall mean ExOne’s independent certified pub l i c accountants serving i mmed i ately prior to the Change of Control. All fees and expenses of the Accountants in connection with matters relating to this Section 6 shall be paid by ExOne.

Noncompetition .

If at any time during the Designated Employee’s employment and for a period of 12 months thereafter, the Designated Employee, without the express, prior written consent of the Company’s General Counsel, either directly or indirectly, as an employee, agent, contractor, consultant, partner, member, officer, director or stockholder (other than as a stockholder of less than 5% of the equities of a publicly traded corporation), wherever the Company is marketing or providing its services or products, participates in any activity as, or for, an individual, business or any other entity or enterprise engaged or having publicly announced its intent to engage in business that is substantially similar to the Company’s business, and which is the same or similar to the activities in which the Designated Employee was involved at the Company, then the Designated Employee shall immediately deliver to the Company an amount in cash equal to (i) the amount of any severance previously paid to the Designated Employee

pursuant to S ection 4 above, and (ii) the aggregate fair market value, determined as of the applicable exercise or settlement date, of all shares of ExOne stock which were delivered to the Employee or cancelled in payment of taxes upon exercise or settlement of any equ ity awards which vested pursuant to Section 5 above, less any amount paid by the Designated Employee for such shares.

The rights of the Company set forth in this Section 7 shall not limit or restrict in any manner any rights or remedies which the Company or any of its affiliates may have under law or under any separate employment, confidentiality or other agreement with the Designated Employee or otherwise with respect to the events described above. In any judicial proceeding any provision of this Section 7 is found to be so broad as to be unenforceable, such provision shall be interpreted to be only so broad as to be enforceable.

Claims Procedure

(a)

Claims Procedure .

(i) Benefits will be provided to each Designated Empl oyee as specified in this Pl an. If a Designated Employee believes that he has not been provi ded with benefits due under the Plan, then the Designated Employee (who i s hereafter referred to as the "Claimant") has the right to make a written claim for benefits under the Plan. Written claims for severance pay benefits shall be governed by the following procedures; any wri tten claims for health or welfare benefits shall be governed by the claims procedures of the applicable health or welfare plan. If such a written claim is made, and the Administrator wholly or partially denies the clai m, the Administrator shall provide the Claimant with written notice of such denial , setting forth, in a manner cal culated to be understood by the Claimant:

(A) the specific reason or reasons for such denial;

(B) specific reference to pertinent Plan provisions on which the denial is based;

(C) a description of any additional material or information necessary for the Clai mant to perfect the claim and an explanation of why such material or information is necessary; and

(D) an explanation of the Plan's claims review procedure and time li mits applicable to those procedures, including a statement of the Clai mant's ri ght to bring a civil action under ERI SA Section 502(a) if the claim is denied on appeal.

(ii) The written notice of any claim denial pursuant to Secti on 8(a)(i) shall be given not later than thirty (30) days after receipt of the claim

by the Administrator, unless the Administrator determines that special circumstances require an extension of time for processing the claim, in which event:

(A) written notice of the extension shall be given by the Administrator to the Claimant prior to thirty (30) days after receipt of the claim;

(B) the extension shall not exceed a peri od of thirty (30) days from the end of the initial thirty (30) day period for giving notice of a claim denial; and

(C) the extension noti ce shall indicate (1) the special circumstances requiring an extension of time and (2) the date by which the Administrator expects to render the benefit determination.

(iii) The decision of the Administrator shall be final unless the Clai mant, within sixty (60) days after recei pt of notice of the cl aims denial from the Administrator, submits a written request to the Board of Directors of ExOne, or its del egate, for an appeal of the denial. During that sixty (60) day period, the Cl aimant shall be provided, upon request and free of charge, reasonable access to, and copies of, all documents, records and other information rel evant to the claim for benefits. The Cl aimant shall be provided the opportunity to submit written comments, documents, records, and other information rel ating to the claim for benefits as part of the Claimant's appeal. The Clai mant may act i n these matters individually, or through his or her authorized representative.

(iv) After receiving the written appea l , i f the Board of Directors of ExOne, or its delegate, shall issue a written decision notifying the Claimant of its dec i s i on on rev i ew, not l ater than thirty (30) days after rece i pt of the written appeal , unless the Board of Directors of ExOne or its delegate determines that special circumstances require an extension of time for revi ewing the appeal, i n which event:

(A) written notice of the extension shall be given by the Board of Directors of ExOne or i ts de l egate prior to thirty (30) days after receipt of the written appeal;

(B) the extension shall not exceed a peri od of thirty (30) days from the end of the ini tial thirty (30) day review period; and

(C) the extension notice shall i ndi cate (1) the special circumstances requiring an extension of time and (2) the date by which the Board of Di rectors of ExOne or its delegate expects to render the appeal decision.

The period of time within which a benefit determination on review i s required to be made shall begin at the time an appeal is received by the Board of Directors of ExOne or i ts delegate, w i thout regard to whether all the information necessary to make a benefit determination on review accompanies the filing of. the appeal. If the period of time for reviewing the appeal i s extended as permitted above, due to a claimant's failure to submit i nformation necessary to decide the claim on appea l , then the period for making the benefit determination on revi ew shall be tolled from the date on which the notification of the extension i s sent to the claimant until the date on which the claimant responds to the request for additional information.

(v) I n conducting the revi ew on appeal , the Board of Directors of ExOne or its del egate shall take into account all comments, documents, records, and other information submitted by the claimant relating to the cla i m, without regard to whether such i nformation was submitted or considered in the initial benefit determination. If the Board of Directors of ExOne or i ts delegate upholds the den i al, the written not i ce of decision from the Board of Directors of ExOne or its delegate shall set forth, in a manner calculated to be understood by the Claimant:

(A) the specific reason or reasons for the denial;

(B) specific reference to pertinent Plan provisions on which the denial is based;

(C) a statement that the Claimant is entitled to be receive, upon request and free of charge, reasonable access to, and copies of, all documents, records and other information rel evant to the claim for benefits; and

(D) a statement of the Claimant's right to bring a civil action under ERI SA 502(a).

(vi) If the Plan or any of its representatives fail to follow any of the above claims procedures, the Claimant shall be deemed to have duly exhausted the admini strative remedies available under the plan and shall be entitled to pursue any available remedies under ERISA Section 502(a), including but not limited to the filing of an action for immediate declaratory relief regarding benefits due under the Plan.

(vii) If the Board of Directors of ExOne or i ts delegate upho l ds the denial on review of a severance pay claim, or if a health or welfare benefit claim is denied on review under the applicable health or welfare plan and/or the administrative remedies thereunder have been exhausted, then the Claimant shall have the ri ght to bri ng a civil action under ERISA Section 502(a).

Mitigation of Damages; Effect of Plan

(a) The Designated Employee shall not be required to mi ti gate damages or the amount of any payment provided for under the Pl an by seeki ng other employment or otherwise, nor shall the amount of any payment provided for under the Plan, i ncluding without l i m i tat i on Section 4 of the Plan, be reduced by any compensation earned by the Designated Employee as a result of employment by another employer or by retirement benefits after the Date of Termination, or otherwise except as expressly provided in Section 11 herein.

(b) Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the provisions of the Plan, and any payment provided for hereunder, shall not reduce any amounts otherwise payable, or in any way diminish the Designated Employee's existing rights, or ri ghts which would accrue solely as a resul t of the passage of time, under any benefit plan, employment agreement or other contract, plan or arrangement.

10.

Amendments; No Effect On Employment Prior To or After Protection Period

(a) This Plan wi th respect to all Designated Employees or any particular Designated Employee may be terminated or amended by the Board of Directors of ExOne or by i ts Compensation Committee or any other duly authorized Commi ttee thereof; provi ded that a termination or any amendment that reduces the benefits to the Designated Employee provided hereunder or otherwise adversely affects the rights of the Designated Employee shall not be permitted during the Protection Period wi thout the Desi gnated Employee's prior written consent. Termination or amendment of this Plan shall not affect any obligation of ExOne under this Plan which has accrued and is unpaid as of the effective date of the termination or amendment.

(b) Notwi thstanding anything herein or in any agreement entered into pursuant to the Plan to the contrary, the Board of Di rectors of ExOne or the Compensation Committee thereof may amend the Plan (which amendment shall be effective upon i ts adopt i on or at such other t i me designated by the Board of Directors or Compensation Committee, as applicable) at any time as may be necessary, upon the advice of ExOne’s counsel , to avoid the i mposit i on of the additional tax under Section 409A(a)( 1 )(B) of the Code; provided, however, that any such amendment shall be i mplemented in such a manner as to preserve, to the greatest extent possibl e, the terms and conditions of the Plan as in existence immediately prior to any such amendment.

(c) Nothing i n this Plan shall confer upon the Designated Employee any ri ght to continue in the employ of the Company prior to or after (or, subject to the terms of this Plan, during) the Protection Period or shall interfere with or restrict in any way the ri ghts of the Employer, which are hereby expressly reserved except as may otherwise be provided under any other written

agreement between the Designated Employee and the Empl oyer, to di scharge the Designated Employee at any time prior to or after (or, subject to the terms of the Plan, during) the Protection Period for any reason whatsoever, with or without Cause. The Designated Employee and ExOne, on behalf of each Employer, acknowledge that, except as may otherwise be provided under any other written agreement between the Designated Employee and such Employer, the employment of the Designated Employee by the Employer is “at will," and if, pri or to the start of or after the end of the Protection Period, the Designated Employee's employment with the Employer terminates for any reason or for no reason, the Designated Employee shall have no further rights under this Plan.

(d) The Employer may withhold from any amounts payable under this Plan such Federal, state, local or other taxes as shall be required to be withheld pursuant to any applicable law or regulation.

(e) The Designated Employee's or ExOne’s failure to insist upon strict compliance with any provision hereof or the failure to assert any right the Designated Employee or ExOne may have hereunder, including, without limitation, the right of the Designated Employee to terminate employment for Good Reason, as defined herein, shall not be deemed to be a waiver of such provision or right or any other provision or right under this Plan.

11 . Effect Of Other Agreements

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in this Plan, (i) any amounts payabl e to a Designated Employee pursuant to Section 4 of the Plan shall be reduced by any other amounts of compensation or severance benefits actually paid by the Company to such Designated Employee (A) as a result of the Designated Employee’s termination of employment, or (B) to the extent permitted by applicable law, to obviate a severance obligation where the Designated Employee does not terminate employment and (ii) any benefits that may be provided to a Desi gnated Employee following a termination of empl oyment pursuant to Section 4 of the Plan shall be reduced to the extent that substantially identical benefits are actually received by the Designated Employee under an existing severance agreement or requirement. It is expressly understood, however, that no amounts payable hereunder shall be reduced by amounts payable under the Company's retirement or deferred compensation plans or by amounts payable as accrued vacation or because of the acceleration of the benefits under ExOne’s equity incentive pl ans.

12.

Effect Of Section 409A of the Code.

The Plan is intended to provide payments that are exempt from or compliant with the provisions of Section 409A and the Plan shall be interpreted accordingly.

Each payment under the Plan is intended to be compliant with or excepted from Section 409A, including, but not limited to, by compliance with the short-term deferral exception as specified in Treasury Regulation § 1.409A-1(b)(4) and the involuntary separation pay exception within the meaning of Treasury Regulation § l.409A-1(b)(9)(iii), and the provisions of the Plan will be administered, interpreted and construed accordingly (or disregarded to the extent such provision cannot be so administered, interpreted or construed).

All reimbursements or provision of in-kind benefits pursuant to the Plan shall be made in accordance with Treasury Regulation § 1.409A-3(i)(1)(iv) such that the reimbursement or provision will be deemed payable at a specified time or on a fixed schedule relative to a permissible payment event. Specifically, the amount reimbursed or in-kind benefits provided under the Plan during the Designated Employee's taxable year may not affect the amounts reimbursed or provided in any other taxable year (except that total reimbursements may be limited by a lifetime maximum under a group health plan), the reimbursement of an eligible expense shall be made on or before the last day of the Designated Employee's taxable year following the taxable year in which the expense was incurred, and the right to reimbursement or provision of in-kind benefit is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

In the event that any Designated Employee also participates in any other severance arrangement sponsored and maintained by the Company, and if the payments under this plan or the other severance arrangement are nonqualified deferred compensation within the meaning of Section 409A (as defined in this Section 10 of this Plan), then the time and form of payments to be made under this Plan and the other severance arrangement, to the extent they are of the same amounts, will be conformed so that such payments are in compliance with the requirements of Section 409A.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Plan, if, upon the advice of its counsel, ExOne determines that any payments or benefits to be provided to a Designated Employee who is a "Specified Employee" (as such term is defined under Section 409A of the Code and the regulations and other Treasury Department guidance promulgated thereunder (collectively, "Section 409A")) of an Employer (a "Specified Employee") by ExOne or the Employer pursuant to Section 4 of this Plan are or may become subject to the additional tax under Section 409A(a)(1)(B) or any other taxes or penalties imposed under Section 409A ("409A Taxes") as applicable at the time such payments and benefits are otherwise required under this Plan, then:

(a) such payments shall be delayed until the date that is the earlier of six months after date of the Specified Employee's "separation from service" (as such term is defined under Section 409A) with the Company or the date of the Specified Employee's death, or such shorter period that, in the opinion of such counsel, is sufficient to avoid the imposition of 409A Taxes (the "Payments

Delay Period"), without interest; and

(b) with respect to the provision of such benefits, for a period of six months following date of the Specified Employee's "separation from service" (as such term is defined under Section 409A) with the Company, or such shorter period, that, in the opinion of such counsel, is sufficient to avoid the imposition of 409A Taxes (the " Benefits Delay Period"), the Specified Employee shall be responsible for the full cost of providing such benefits, and (ii) on the first day following the Benefits Delay Period, the Employer shall reimburse the Specified Employee for the costs of providing such benefits imposed on the Specified Employee during the Benefits Delay Period, without interest.

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, S. Kent Rockwell, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of The ExOne Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2018

The ExOne Company

/s/ S. Kent Rockwell

S. Kent Rockwell

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Douglas D. Zemba, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of The ExOne Company;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2018

The ExOne Company

/s/ Douglas D. Zemba

Douglas D. Zemba

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal

Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of The ExOne Company (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the Undersigned certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 8, 2018

/s/ S. Kent Rockwell

S. Kent Rockwell

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Douglas D. Zemba

Douglas D. Zemba

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal

Accounting Officer)