As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 22, 2015
File No. 333-191940
File No. 811-22906
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
| Under the SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ¨ | |
| Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ¨ | |
| Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 | x |
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
| Under the INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ¨ | |
| Amendment No. 15 | x |
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
Area Code and Telephone Number: (800) 243-1574
101 Munson Street
Greenfield, Massachusetts 01301
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Jennifer Fromm, Esq.
Senior Counsel
Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.
100 Pearl St.
Hartford, Connecticut 06103
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies of All Correspondence to:
David C. Mahaffey, Esq.
Sullivan & Worcester LLP
1666 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
¨ immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
¨ on [date] pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485
¨ 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
¨ on [date] or at such later date as the Commission shall order pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
x 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
¨ on [date] pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.
If appropriate, check the following box:
| ¨ | this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
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TICKER SYMBOL BY CLASS
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FUND
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A
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C
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I
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Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
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[TBD]
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[TBD]
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[TBD]
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Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
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[TBD]
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[TBD]
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[TBD]
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TRUST NAME
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March XX, 2015
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VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
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The Securities and Exchange Commission, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and the state securities commissions have not approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. This prospectus contains important information that you should know before investing in Virtus Mutual Funds. Please read it carefully and retain it for future reference.
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Not FDIC Insured
No Bank Guarantee
May Lose Value
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FUND SUMMARY
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Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
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Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
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MORE INFORMATION ABOUT FUND EXPENSES
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MORE INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPAL
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
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Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
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Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
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MORE INFORMATION ABOUT RISKS RELATED TO PRINCIPAL
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS
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ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES
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PRICING OF FUND SHARES
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SALES CHARGES
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YOUR ACCOUNT
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HOW TO BUY SHARES
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HOW TO SELL SHARES
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THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW WHEN SELLING SHARES
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ACCOUNT POLICIES
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INVESTOR SERVICES AND OTHER INFORMATION
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TAX STATUS OF DISTRIBUTIONS
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Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)
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5.75%
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None
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None
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Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of purchase price or redemption proceeds)
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None
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1.00%
(a)
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None
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value
of your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Management Fees
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____%
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____%
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____%
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Distribution and Shareholder Servicing (12b-1) Fees
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0.25%
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1.00%
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0.00%
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Other Expenses
(b)
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____%
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____%
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____%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
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____%
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____%
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____%
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Less: Expense Reimbursement
(c)
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(____)%
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(____)%
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(____)%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement
(b)(c)
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____%
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____%
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____%
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Share Status
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1 Year
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3 Years
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Class A
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Sold or Held
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$
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$
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Class C
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Sold
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$
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$
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Held
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$
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$
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Class I
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Sold or Held
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$
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$
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Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)
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5.75%
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None
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None
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Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of purchase price or redemption proceeds)
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None
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1.00%
(a)
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None
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value
of your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Management Fees
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____%
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____%
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____%
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Distribution and Shareholder Servicing (12b-1) Fees
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0.25%
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1.00%
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0.00%
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Other Expenses
(b)
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____%
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____%
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____%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
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____%
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____%
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____%
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Less: Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement
(c)
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(____)%
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(____)%
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(____)%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement
(b)(c)
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____%
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____%
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____%
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Share Status
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1 Year
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3 Years
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Class A
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Sold or Held
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$
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$
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Class C
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Sold
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$
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$
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Held
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$
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$
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Class I
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Sold or Held
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$
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$
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Class A Shares
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Class C Shares
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Class I Shares
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Through Date
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Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
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____%
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____%
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____%
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February 28, 2017
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Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
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_____%
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____%
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____%
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February 28, 2017
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Risks
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Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
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Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
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Commodity Pool Risk
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X
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Convertible Securities
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X
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X
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Counterparty
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X
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X
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Debt Securities
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X
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X
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Call
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X
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X
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Credit
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X
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X
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Interest Rate
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X
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X
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Depositary Receipts
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X
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X
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Derivatives
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X
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X
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Equity REIT Securites
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X
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Equity Securities
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X
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X
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Small and Medium Market Capitalization Companies
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X
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X
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Exchange-Traded Funds
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X
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X
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Foreign Currency Transactions
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X
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X
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Foreign Investing
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X
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X
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Currency Rate
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X
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X
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Emerging Market Investing
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X
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X
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High Yield-High Risk Securities (Junk Bonds)
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X
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X
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Income
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X
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Leverage
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X
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X
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Liquidity
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X
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Market Volatility
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X
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X
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Master Limited Partnership ("MLP")
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X
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New Fund
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X
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X
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Non-Diversification
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X
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Portfolio Turnover
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X
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Preferred Stocks
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X
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Sector Concentration
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X
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X
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Short-Term Investments
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X
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Short Sales
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X
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X
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U.S. Government Securities
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X
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Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
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Sirios Capital Management, L.P. ("Sirios")
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Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
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Aviva Investors Americas LLC ("AIA")
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First $x billion
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$x+ billion
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Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
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____
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%
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____
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%
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Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
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____
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%
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____
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%
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Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
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[PM name to be filed by amendment]
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Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
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John F. Brennan, Jr. (since March 2015)
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Risks
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Long/Short Equity Fund
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Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Equity REIT Securities
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X
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Illiquid and Restricted Securities
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X
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Loan Participations
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X
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Mutual Fund Investing
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X
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Preferred Stocks
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X
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Private Placements
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X
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Securities Lending
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X
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X
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Fund
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
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0.25
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%
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1.00
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%
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None
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Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
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0.25
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%
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1.00
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%
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None
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Sales Charge as a percentage of
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
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Offering Price
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Net Amount Invested
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Under $50,000
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3.75
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%
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3.90
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%
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$50,000 but under $100,000
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3.50
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3.63
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$100,000 but under $250,000
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3.25
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3.36
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$250,000 but under $500,000
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2.25
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2.30
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$500,000 but under $1,000,000
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1.75
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1.78
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$1,000,000 or more
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None
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None
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||||||||
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Sales Charge as a percentage of
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
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Offering Price
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Net Amount Invested
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||||||||
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Under $50,000
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5.75
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%
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6.10
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%
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$50,000 but under $100,000
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4.75
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4.99
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$100,000 but under $250,000
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3.75
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3.90
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$250,000 but under $500,000
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2.75
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2.83
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$500,000 but under $1,000,000
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2.00
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2.04
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$1,000,000 or more
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None
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None
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||||||||
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Year
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1
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2+
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CDSC
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1
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%
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0
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%
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||||||||
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Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
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Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
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Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Amount
Invested
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Dealer Discount as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
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||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Under $50,000
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3.75
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%
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|
|
3.90
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
$50,000 but under $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.63
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
$100,000 but under $250,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.36
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
$250,000 but under $500,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
$500,000 but under $1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.78
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
$1,000,000 or more
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Amount
Invested
|
|
|
Dealer Discount as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
|
|
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Under $50,000
|
|
|
|
|
5.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.10
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
$50,000 but under $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
4.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.99
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
$100,000 but under $250,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
$250,000 but under $500,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.83
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
$500,000 but under $1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
$1,000,000 or more
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
To Open An Account
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Through a financial advisor
|
|
|
Contact your advisor. Some advisors may charge a fee and may set different minimum investments or limitations on buying shares.
|
|
|
|
Through the mail
|
|
|
Complete a new account application and send it with a check payable to the funds. Mail them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074.
|
|
|
|
Through express delivery
|
|
|
Complete a new account application and send it with a check payable to the funds. Send them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581-1722.
|
|
|
|
By Federal Funds wire
|
|
|
Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0).
|
|
|
|
By Systematic Purchase
|
|
|
Complete the appropriate section on the application and send it with your initial investment payable to the funds. Mail them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074.
|
|
|
|
By telephone exchange
|
|
|
Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To Sell Shares
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Through a financial advisor
|
|
|
Contact your advisor. Some advisors may charge a fee and may set different minimums on redemptions of accounts.
|
|
|
|
Through the mail
|
|
|
Send a letter of instruction to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074. Be sure to include the registered owner
’
s name, fund and account number, and number of
shares or dollar value you wish to sell.
|
|
|
|
Through express delivery
|
|
|
Send a letter of instruction to: Virtus Mutual Funds, 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581-1722. Be sure to include the registered owner
’
s name, fund and account number, and
number of shares or dollar value you wish to sell.
|
|
|
|
By telephone
|
|
|
For sales up to $50,000, requests can be made by calling 800-243-1574.
|
|
|
|
By telephone exchange
|
|
|
Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Dividend Paid
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
|
|
|
Semiannually
|
|
|
|
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
Semiannually
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TICKER SYMBOL BY CLASS
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
FUND
|
|
|
A
|
|
|
C
|
|
|
I
|
|
|
R6
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
VAIAX
|
|
|
VAICX
|
|
|
VAIIX
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
VSAIX
|
|
|
VSICX
|
|
|
VIASX
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
VATAX
|
|
|
VATCX
|
|
|
VATIX
|
|
|
VATRX
|
|
|
|
Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
|
|
|
[TBD]
|
|
|
[TBD]
|
|
|
[TBD]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
[TBD]
|
|
|
[TBD]
|
|
|
[TBD]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
VASBX
|
|
|
VSBCX
|
|
|
VISBX
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PAGE
|
|
|
|
|
|
Glossary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General Information and History
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
More Information About Fund Investment Strategies & Related Risks
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Limitations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management of the Trust
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Advisory and Other Services
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distribution Plans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Managers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investor Account Services and Policies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Performance Information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Appendix A
—
Description of Ratings
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
1933 Act
|
|
|
The Securities Act of 1933, as amended
|
|
|
|
1940 Act
|
|
|
The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended
|
|
|
|
ACH
|
|
|
Automated Clearing House, a nationwide electronic money transfer system that provides for the inter-bank clearing of credit and debit transactions and for the exchange of information among participating financial institutions
|
|
|
|
Administrator
|
|
|
The Trust
’
s administrative agent, Virtus Fund Services, LLC
|
|
|
|
ADRs
|
|
|
American Depositary Receipts
|
|
|
|
ADSs
|
|
|
American Depositary Shares
|
|
|
|
Adviser
|
|
|
The investment adviser to the Funds, Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc.
|
|
|
|
AIA
|
|
|
Aviva Investors International LLC, subadviser to the Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
|
Alternative Solution Funds
|
|
|
Collectively, Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, VIrtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund, and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
Armored Wolf
|
|
|
Armored Wolf, LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
Bank of New York Mellon
|
|
|
The Bank of New York Mellon, N.A., the custodian of the Funds
’
assets
|
|
|
|
BNY Mellon
|
|
|
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., the sub-administrative and accounting agent for the Funds
|
|
|
|
BNY Mellon
|
|
|
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., the sub-administrative and accounting agent for the Funds
|
|
|
|
Brigade
|
|
|
Brigade Capital Management, LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Solution Funds
|
|
|
|
CCO
|
|
|
Chief Compliance Officer
|
|
|
|
CDRs
|
|
|
Continental Depositary Receipts (another name for EDRs)
|
|
|
|
CFTC
|
|
|
Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which is the U.S. regulator governing trading in commodity futures
|
|
|
|
Cliffwater
|
|
|
Cliffwater Investments LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Solution Funds
|
|
|
|
Cliffwater
|
|
|
Cliffwater Investments LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Solution Funds
|
|
|
|
Code
|
|
|
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which is the law governing U.S. federal taxes
|
|
|
|
Credit Suisse
|
|
|
Credit Suisse Asset Management, a subadviser to the Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
EDRs
|
|
|
European Depositary Receipts (another name for CDRs)
|
|
|
|
ETFs
|
|
|
Exchange-traded Funds
|
|
|
|
ETNs
|
|
|
Exchange-traded Notes
|
|
|
|
FHFA
|
|
|
Federal Housing Finance Agency, an independent Federal agency that regulates FNMA, FHLMC and the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks
|
|
|
|
FHLMC
|
|
|
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, also known as
“
Freddie Mac
”
,
which is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders
|
|
|
|
FINRA
|
|
|
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, a self-regulatory organization with authority over registered broker-dealers operating in the United States, including VP Distributors
|
|
|
|
Long/Short Equity Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Long/Short Equity Fund
|
|
|
|
Funds
|
|
|
The series of the Trust discussed in this SAI
|
|
|
|
GDRs
|
|
|
Global Depositary Receipts
|
|
|
|
GICs
|
|
|
Guaranteed Investment Contracts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GNMA
|
|
|
Government National Mortgage Association, also known as
“
Ginnie Mae
”
,
which is a wholly-owned United States Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development
|
|
|
|
Graham
|
|
|
Graham Capital Management, L.P., a subadviser to the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
Harvest
|
|
|
Harvest Fund Advisors LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Solution Funds
|
|
|
|
ICE Canyon
|
|
|
ICE Canyon LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Income Solution Fund and the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
IMF
|
|
|
International Monetary Fund, an international organization seeking to promote international economic cooperation, international trade, employment and exchange rate stability, among other things
|
|
|
|
IRA
|
|
|
Individual Retirement Account
|
|
|
|
IRS
|
|
|
The United States Internal Revenue Service, which is the arm of the U.S. government that administers and enforces the Code
|
|
|
|
LaSalle
|
|
|
LaSalle Investment Management Securities, LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Solution Funds
|
|
|
|
Lazard
|
|
|
Lazard Asset Management, LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Solution Funds
|
|
|
|
LIBOR
|
|
|
London Interbank Offering Rate, an interest rate at which banks can borrow funds, in marketable size, from other banks in the London interbank market
|
|
|
|
MAST
|
|
|
MAST Capital Management, LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Income Solution Fund and the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
Moody
’
s
|
|
|
Moody
’
s Investors Service, Inc.
|
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
|
Newfleet
|
|
|
Newfleet Asset Management, LLC, subadviser to the Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
NYSE
|
|
|
New York Stock Exchange
|
|
|
|
OCC
|
|
|
Options Clearing Corporation, a large equity derivatives clearing corporation
|
|
|
|
Owl Creek
|
|
|
Owl Creek Asset Management, L.P., a subadviser to the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
PERLS
|
|
|
Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities
|
|
|
|
PNX
|
|
|
Phoenix Life Insurance Company, which is the former parent company of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., and certain of its corporate affiliates
|
|
|
|
Regulations
|
|
|
The Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
|
|
|
|
RIC
|
|
|
Regulated Investment Company, a designation under the Code indicating a U.S.-registered investment company meeting the specifications under the Code allowing the investment company to be exempt from paying U.S. federal income taxes
|
|
|
|
S&P
|
|
|
Standard & Poor
’
s Corporation
|
|
|
|
S&P 500
®
Index
|
|
|
The Standard & Poor
’
s 500
®
Index, which is a free-float market
capitalization-weighted index of 500 of the largest U.S. companies, calculated on a total return basis with dividends reinvested
|
|
|
|
SAI
|
|
|
This Statement of Additional Information
|
|
|
|
SEC
|
|
|
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
|
|
|
|
SIFMA
|
|
|
Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (formerly, the Bond Market Association), a financial industry trade group consisting of broker-dealers and asset managers across the United States
|
|
|
|
Sirios
|
|
|
Sirios Capital Management, L.P., subadviser to the Long/Short Equity Fund
|
|
|
|
SMBS
|
|
|
Stripped Mortgage-backed Securities
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
Transfer Agent
|
|
|
The Trust
’
s transfer agent, Virtus Fund Services, LLC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trust
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
|
|
|
|
VAIA
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc., the Adviser to the Funds
|
|
|
|
Virtus
|
|
|
Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., which is the parent company of the Adviser, Cliffwater, the Distributor, the Administrator/Transfer Agent and Virtus Partners, Inc.
|
|
|
|
Virtus Fund Services
|
|
|
Virtus Fund Services, LLC, the Administrator/Transfer Agent to the Funds
|
|
|
|
Virtus Mutual Funds
|
|
|
The family of funds consisting of the Funds, the series of Virtus Equity Trust, the series of Virtus Insight Trust and the series of Virtus Opportunities Trust
|
|
|
|
VP Distributors
|
|
|
VP Distributors, LLC, the Distributor of shares of the Funds
|
|
|
|
VVIT
|
|
|
Virtus Variable Insurance Trust, a separate trust consisting of several series advised by Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc., an affiliate of the Adviser, and distributed by VP Distributors
|
|
|
|
World Bank
|
|
|
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs
|
|
|
|
World Bank
|
|
|
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Investment Objective
|
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of maximizing current income while considering capital appreciation.
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of total return in excess of inflation.
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation through investments that have a low correlation to traditional asset classes.
|
|
|
|
Long/Short Equity Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of total return.
|
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of long-term total return.
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of seeking total return comprised of income and capital appreciation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Service Provider
|
|
|
Name of Service Provider
|
|
|
Timing of Release of Portfolio Holdings Information
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Adviser
|
|
|
VAIA
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadivser (Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund)
|
|
|
AIA
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Armored Wolf
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Ascend
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Brigade
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Cliffwater
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Inflation Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Credit Suisse
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Graham
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Harvest
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
ICE Canyon
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
LaSalle
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Lazard
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
MAST
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Strategic Income Fund)
|
|
|
Newfleet
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Owl Creek
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Subadviser (Long/Short Equity Fund)
|
|
|
Sirios
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Administrator
|
|
|
Virtus Fund Services
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
VP Distributors
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Custodian
|
|
|
Bank of New York Mellon
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Service Provider
|
|
|
Name of Service Provider
|
|
|
Timing of Release of Portfolio Holdings Information
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Sub-Financial Agent
|
|
|
BNY Mellon
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Risk Reporting Services Provider
|
|
|
Blackrock Financial Management, Inc.
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
|
|
PwC
|
|
|
Annual Reporting Period, within 15 business days of end of reporting period Semiannual Reporting Period, within 31 business days of end of reporting period
|
|
|
|
Typesetting and Printing Firm for Financial Reports
|
|
|
R.R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
|
|
|
Quarterly, within 15 days of end of reporting period
|
|
|
|
Proxy Voting Service
|
|
|
ISS
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Performance Analytics Firm
|
|
|
FactSet Research Systems, Inc
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
TV Financial Markets Talk Shows
|
|
|
CNBC
|
|
|
Monthly for holdings over 1% of issuer equity, in aggregate
*
|
|
|
|
Class Action Provider
|
|
|
Battea-Class Action Services, LLC
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Backend Compliance Monitoring System
|
|
|
Financial Tracking
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Middle Office Services for Armored Wolf (Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
BNY Mellon
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Middle Office Services for Sirios (Long/Short Equity Fund)
|
|
|
Citco Fund Services (USA) Inc.
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation Processing for Ascend (Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Indus Valley Partners (India) Pvt Ltd
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
3rd Party Administrator for Brigade (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
SS&C Technologies
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Employee Compliance Software for Brigade (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
HedgeOp compliance, LLC doing business as Cordium
|
|
|
Weekly
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation Processing for Credit Suisse (Alternative Inflation Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Citibank N.A.
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
3rd Party Administrator for Graham (Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
SEI Global Services, Inc.
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
3rd Party Administrator for Harvest (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Wells Fargo Prime Services LLC
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation Processing for LaSalle (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Electra Information Systems, Inc.
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
3rd Party Administrator for Lazard (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
State Street Investment Manager Services
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
Risk and Order Management System for Lazard (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Kynex
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
3rd Parter Administrator for AIA (Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund)
|
|
|
JP Morgan
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Service Provider
|
|
|
Name of Service Provider
|
|
|
Timing of Release of Portfolio Holdings Information
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Risk Management System for AIA (Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund)
|
|
|
Cognity
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Redistribution Firms
|
|
|
Bloomberg, Standard & Poor
’
s and
Thomson Reuters
|
|
|
Quarterly, 60 days after fiscal quarter end
|
|
|
|
Rating Agencies
|
|
|
Lipper Inc. and Morningstar
|
|
|
Quarterly, 60 days after fiscal quarter end
|
|
|
|
Virtus Public Web site
|
|
|
Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.
|
|
|
Quarterly, 60 days after fiscal quarter end
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trust
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Class/Shares
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
A
|
|
|
B
|
|
|
C
|
|
|
I
|
|
|
T
|
|
|
R6
|
|
||||||
|
|
Virtus Equity Trust
|
|
|
Balanced Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contrarian Value Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
|
Growth & Income Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Mid-Cap Core Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Quality Large-Cap Value Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Quality Small-Cap Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Small-Cap Core Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
|
Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Strategic Growth Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Tactical Allocation Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Virtus Insight Trust
|
|
|
Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
Low Duration Income Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
Trust
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Class/Shares
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
A
|
|
|
B
|
|
|
C
|
|
|
I
|
|
|
T
|
|
|
R6
|
|
||||||
|
|
Virtus Opportunities Trust
|
|
|
Allocator Premium AlphaSector
®
Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AlphaSector
®
Rotation Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Alternatives Diversifier Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Disciplined Equity Style Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Disciplined Select Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Disciplined Select Country Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Dynamic AlphaSector
®
Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
|
Emerging Markets Debt Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Emerging Markets Equity Small-Cap Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Essential Resources Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Foreign Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
|
Global Commodities Stock Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Global Dividend Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Global Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Global Premium AlphaSector
®
Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Global Real Estate Securities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Greater European Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Herzfeld Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
High Yield Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
International Equity Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
International Real Estate Securities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
International Small-Cap Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
|
International Wealth Masters Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Low Volatility Equity Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
|
Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Premium AlphaSector
®
Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
|
Real Estate Securities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
|
Senior Floating Rate Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Wealth Masters Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Commodities-Related Investing Risk
|
|
|
Commodity-related companies may underperform the stock market as
a whole. The value of securities issued by commodity-related
companies may be affected by factors affecting a particular industry or
commodity. The operations and financial performance of commodity-
related companies may be directly affected by commodity prices,
especially those commodity-related companies that own the
underlying commodity. The stock prices of such companies may also
experience greater price volatility than other types of common stocks.
Securities issued by commodity-related companies are sensitive to
changes in the supply and demand for, and thus the prices of,
commodities. Volatility of commodity prices, which may lead to a
reduction in production or supply, may also negatively impact the
performance of commodity and natural resources companies that are
solely involved in the transportation, processing, storing, distribution
or marketing of commodities. Volatility of commodity prices may also
make it more difficult for commodity-related companies to raise capital
to the extent the market perceives that their performance may be
directly or indirectly tied to commodity prices.
Certain types of commodities instruments (such as commodity-linked
notes) are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument
will not perform or will be unable to perform in accordance with the
terms of the instrument.
Exposure to commodities and commodities markets may subject the
Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. No
active trading market may exist for certain commodities investments,
which may impair the ability of the Fund to sell or to realize the full
value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such
investments. In addition, adverse market conditions may impair the
liquidity of actively traded commodities investments.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity Interests
|
|
|
Certain of the derivative investment types permitted for the Funds may be considered commodity interests for purposes of the CEA and regulations approved by the CFTC. Investing in commodity interests, outside of certain conditions required to qualify for exemption or exclusion, will cause a Fund to be deemed a commodity pool, thereby subjecting the Fund to regulation under the CEA and CFTC rules. In that event, the Adviser will be registered as a Commodity Pool Operator, certain of the Fund
’
s Subadvisers will be registered as
Commodity Trading Advisers, and the Fund will be operated in accordance with CFTC rules. Because of the applicable registration requirements and rules, investing the Fund
’
s assets in commodity
interests could cause the fund to incur additional expenses. Alternatively, to the extent that a Fund limits its exposure to commodity interests in order to qualify for exemption from being considered a commodity pool, the Fund
’
s use of investment
techniques described in its Prospectus and this SAI may be limited or restricted.
|
|
|
As of the date of this SAI, each of Alternative Income Solution Fund and Alternative Inflation Solution Fund intends to limit the use of such investment types as required to qualify for exclusion or exemption from being considered a “
commodity pool
”
or
otherwise as a vehicle for trading in commodity interests under such
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
regulations, and each Fund has filed a notice of exclusion under CFTC Regulation 4.5 or exemption under CFTC Regulation 4.13(a)(3); however, Alternative Total Solution Fund and Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund each intend to be treated as a commodity pool subject to regulation under the CEA and CFTC rules, the Adviser is registered as a Commodity Pool Operator with respect to the Funds and its subsidiary, and certain of the Fund's subadvisers are registered as Commodity Trading Advisers with respect to the respective Funds and, as applicable, its subsidiary.
|
|
|
|
Debt Investing
|
|
|
Each Fund may invest in debt, or fixed income, securities. Debt, or fixed income, securities (which include corporate bonds, commercial paper, debentures, notes, government securities, municipal obligations, state- or state agency-issued obligations, obligations of foreign issuers, asset-or mortgage-backed securities, and other obligations) are used by issuers to borrow money and thus are debt obligations of the issuer. Holders of debt securities are creditors of the issuer, normally ranking ahead of holders of both common and preferred stock as to dividends or upon liquidation. The issuer usually pays a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest and must repay the amount borrowed at the security
’
s maturity. Some debt securities,
such as zero-coupon securities (discussed below), do not pay interest but are typically sold at a deep discount from their face value.
Yields on debt securities depend on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money, bond, and note markets, the size of a particular offering, the maturity date of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in market conditions than obligations with shorter maturities. An increase in interest rates generally will reduce the market value of portfolio debt securities, while a decline in interest rates generally will increase the value of the same securities. The achievement of a Fund
’
s investment objective depends in part on the
continuing ability of the issuers of the debt securities in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of principal and interest when due. Obligations of issuers of debt securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, sovereign immunity, and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
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|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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other laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the ability of an issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its debt securities may be materially affected.
|
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|
Convertible Securities
|
|
|
A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, or other security that
entitles the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities
of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a
specific price or formula. It generally entitles the holder to receive
interest paid or accrued until the security matures or is redeemed,
converted, or exchanged. Convertible securities have several unique
investment characteristics such as (1) higher yields than common
stocks, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities,
(2) a lesser degree of fluctuation in value then the underlying stock
since they have fixed income characteristics and (3) the potential for
capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common
stock increases.
Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar
to nonconvertible debt securities. Convertible securities rank senior to
common stock in a corporation
’
s capital structure and, therefore,
generally entail less risk than the corporation
’
s common stock,
although the extent to which this is true depends in large measure on
the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a
fixed income security. However, because convertible securities are
usually viewed by the issuer as future common stock, they are
generally subordinated to other senior securities and therefore are
rated one category lower than the issuer
’
s non-convertible debt
obligations or preferred stock.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption or conversion at
the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible
security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund could be
required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to
the underlying common stock. The Fund generally would invest in
convertible securities for their favorable price characteristics and total
return potential, and would normally not exercise an option to convert.
The Fund might be more willing to convert such securities to common
stock.
A Fund
’
s subadviser will select only those convertible securities for
which it believes (a) the underlying common stock is a suitable
investment for the Fund and (b) a greater potential for total return
exists by purchasing the convertible security because of its higher
yield and/or favorable market valuation. However, the Fund may
invest in convertible debt securities rated less than investment grade.
Debt securities rated less than investment grade are commonly
referred to as
“
junk bonds.
”
(For information about debt securities
rated less than investment grade, see
“
High Yield-High Risk (Junk
Bonds) Securities
”
under
“
Debt Investing
”
in this section of the SAI; for
additional information about ratings on debt obligations, see Appendix
A to this SAI.)
|
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|
Corporate Debt Securities
|
|
|
Each Fund may invest in debt securities issued by corporations, limited partnerships and other similar entities. A Fund
’
s investments in
debt securities of domestic or foreign corporate issuers include bonds, debentures, notes and other similar corporate debt instruments, including convertible securities that meet the Fund
’
s minimum ratings
criteria or if unrated are, in the Fund
’
s subadviser
’
s opinion,
comparable in quality to corporate debt securities that meet those
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Investment Technique
|
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|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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criteria. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies or to the value of commodities, such as gold.
|
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|
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|
Dollar-denominated Foreign Debt Securities (
“
Yankee
Bonds
”
)
|
|
|
Each Fund may invest in
“
Yankee bonds
”
, which are dollar-
denominated instruments issued in the U.S. market by foreign branches of U.S. banks and U.S. branches of foreign banks. Since these instruments are dollar-denominated, they are not affected by variations in currency exchange rates. They are influenced primarily by interest rate levels in the United States and by the financial condition of the issuer, or of the issuer
’
s foreign parent. However,
investing in these instruments may present a greater degree of risk than investing in domestic securities, due to less publicly available information, less securities regulation, war or expropriation. Special considerations may include higher brokerage costs and thinner trading markets. Investments in foreign countries could be affected by other factors including extended settlement periods. (See
“
Foreign
Investing
”
in this section of the SAI for additional information about
investing in foreign countries.)
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|
|
|
Duration
|
|
|
Duration is a time measure of a bond
’
s interest-rate sensitivity, based
on the weighted average of the time periods over which a bond
’
s cash
flows accrue to the bondholder. Time periods are weighted by multiplying by the present value of its cash flow divided by the bond
’
s
price. (A bond
’
s cash flows consist of coupon payments and
repayment of capital.) A bond
’
s duration will almost always be shorter
than its maturity, with the exception of zero-coupon bonds, for which maturity and duration are equal.
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|
Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs)
|
|
|
ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose
returns are linked to the performance of a particular market
benchmark or strategy minus applicable fees. ETNs are traded on an
exchange during normal trading hours. However, investors can also
hold the ETN until maturity. At maturity, the issuer pays to the investor
a cash amount equal to the principal amount, subject to the day
’
s
market benchmark or strategy factor.
ETNs do not make periodic coupon payments or provide principal
protection. ETNs are subject to credit risk, and the value of the ETN
may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer
’
s credit rating, despite the
underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The
value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of
supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in
underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes
in the issuer
’
s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or
geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When a
Fund invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees
and expenses borne by the ETN. The Fund
’
s decision to sell its ETN
holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In
addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer
may not be required to maintain the listing, and there can be no
assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.
ETNs are also subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the
IRS will accept, or a court will uphold, how a Fund characterizes and
treats ETNs for tax purposes. Further, the IRS and Congress are
considering proposals that would change the timing and character of
income and gains from ETNs.
|
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|
Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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|
An ETN that is tied to a specific market benchmark or strategy may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market benchmark or strategy. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid and, thus, they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs are subject to the same risks as other instruments that use leverage in any form.
The market value of ETN shares may differ from that of their market benchmark or strategy. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETN shares at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities, commodities or other components underlying the market benchmark or strategy that the ETN seeks to track. As a result, there may be times when an ETN share trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark or strategy.
|
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|
High-Yield, High-Risk Fixed Income Securities
|
|
|
Investments in securities rated
“
BB
”
or below by S&P or Fitch, or
“
Ba
”
or below by Moody
’
s generally provide greater income (leading to the
name
“
high-yield
”
securities) and opportunity for capital appreciation
than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically
entail greater price volatility, liquidity, and principal and income risk.
These securities are regarded as predominantly speculative as to the
issuer
’
s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payment
obligations. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of lower-quality
debt securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher-
quality debt securities.
Interest-bearing securities typically experience appreciation when
interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. The
market values of low-rated securities tend to reflect individual
corporate developments to a greater extent than do higher-rated
securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of
interest rates. Low-rated securities also tend to be more sensitive to
economic conditions than higher-rated securities. As a result, they
generally involve more credit risks than securities in the higher-rated
categories. During an economic downturn or a sustained period of
rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of low-rated securities
may experience financial stress and may not have sufficient revenues
to meet their payment obligations. The issuer
’
s ability to service its
debt obligations may also be adversely affected by specific corporate
developments, the issuer
’
s inability to meet specific projected
business forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing. The
risk of loss due to default by an issuer of low-rated securities is
significantly greater than issuers of higher-rated securities because
such securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to
other creditors. Further, if the issuer of a low-rated security defaulted,
the applicable Fund might incur additional expenses in seeking
recovery. Periods of economic uncertainty and changes would also
generally result in increased volatility in the market prices of low-rated
securities and thus in the applicable Fund
’
s NAV.
Low-rated securities often contain redemption, call or prepayment
provisions which permit the issuer of the securities containing such
provisions to, at its discretion, redeem the securities. During periods
of falling interest rates, issuers of low-rated securities are likely to
redeem or prepay the securities and refinance them with debt
securities with a lower interest rate. To the extent an issuer is able to
refinance the securities or otherwise redeem them, the applicable
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Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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|
|
Fund may have to replace the securities with a lower yielding security which would result in lower returns for the Fund.
A Fund may have difficulty disposing of certain low-rated securities because there may be a thin trading market for such securities. Because not all dealers maintain markets in all low-rated securities, there is no established retail secondary market for many of these securities. The Funds anticipate that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. To the extent a secondary trading market does exist, it is generally not as liquid as the secondary market for higher-rated securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the market price of the security, and accordingly, the NAV of a particular Fund and its ability to dispose of particular securities when necessary to meet its liquidity needs, or in response to a specific economic event, or an event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The lack of a liquid secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing its respective portfolio. Market quotations are generally available on many low-rated issues only from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices for actual sales. During periods of thin trading, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of low-rated securities, especially in a thinly-traded market. If a Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to liquidate a portion of its portfolio securities without regard to their investment merits. Due to the limited liquidity of low-rated securities, the Fund may be forced to liquidate these securities at a substantial discount. Any such liquidation would reduce the Fund
’
s asset base over which expenses could be allocated and could
result in a reduced rate of return for the Fund.
|
|
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|
Inverse Floating Rate Obligations
|
|
|
Certain variable rate securities pay interest at a rate that varies inversely to prevailing short-term interest rates (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters). For example, upon reset the interest rate payable on a security may go down when the underlying index has risen. During periods when short-term interest rates are relatively low as compared to long-term interest rates, the Fund may attempt to enhance its yield by purchasing inverse floaters. Certain inverse floaters may have an interest rate reset mechanism that multiplies the effects of changes in the underlying index. While this form of leverage may increase the security
’
s yield, it may also increase the volatility of
the security
’
s market value.
Similar to other variable and floating rate obligations, effective use of inverse floaters requires skills different from those needed to select most portfolio securities. If movements in interest rates are incorrectly anticipated, a Fund holding these instruments could lose money and its NAV could decline.
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|
Letters of Credit
|
|
|
Debt obligations, including municipal obligations, certificates of participation, commercial paper and other short-term obligations, may be backed by an irrevocable letter of credit of a bank that assumes the obligation for payment of principal and interest in the event of default by the issuer. Only banks that, in the opinion of the relevant Fund
’
s
subadviser, are of investment quality comparable to other permitted
|
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|
Investment Technique
|
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|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
investments of the Fund may be used for Letter of Credit-backed investments.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loan and Debt Participations and Assignments
|
|
|
A loan participation agreement involves the purchase of a share of a
loan made by a bank to a company in return for a corresponding
share of the borrower
’
s principal and interest payments. Loan
participations of the type in which the Fund may invest include
interests in both secured and unsecured corporate loans. When a
Fund purchases loan assignments from lenders, it will acquire direct
rights against the borrower, but these rights and the Fund
’
s
obligations may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by
the assignment lender. The principal credit risk associated with
acquiring loan participation and assignment interests is the credit risk
associated with the underlying corporate borrower. There is also a risk
that there may not be a readily available market for participation loan
interests and, in some cases, this could result in the Fund disposing of
such securities at a substantial discount from face value or holding
such securities until maturity.
In the event that a corporate borrower failed to pay its scheduled
interest or principal payments on participations held by the Fund, the
market value of the affected participation would decline, resulting in a
loss of value of such investment to the Fund. Accordingly, such
participations are speculative and may result in the income level and
net assets of the Fund being reduced. Moreover, loan participation
agreements generally limit the right of a participant to resell its interest
in the loan to a third party and, as a result, loan participations may be
deemed by the Fund to be illiquid investments. A Fund will invest only
in participations with respect to borrowers whose creditworthiness is,
or is determined by the Fund
’
s subadviser to be, substantially
equivalent to that of issuers whose senior unsubordinated debt
securities are rated B or higher by Moody
’
s or S&P. For the purposes
of diversification and/or concentration calculations, both the borrower
and issuer will be considered an
“
issuer.
”
The Funds may purchase from banks participation interests in all or
part of specific holdings of debt obligations. Each participation interest
is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of the selling
bank that the relevant Fund
’
s subadviser has determined meets the
prescribed quality standards of the Fund. Thus, even if the credit of
the issuer of the debt obligation does not meet the quality standards
of the Fund, the credit of the selling bank will.
Loan participations and assignments may be illiquid and therefore
subject to the Funds
’
limitations on investments in illiquid securities.
(See
“
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
”
in this section of the SAI.)
|
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|
|
|
|
Municipal Securities and Related Investments
|
|
|
Tax-exempt municipal securities are debt obligations issued by the
various states and their subdivisions (e.g., cities, counties, towns, and
school districts) to raise funds, generally for various public
improvements requiring long-term capital investment. Purposes for
which tax-exempt bonds are issued include flood control, airports,
bridges and highways, housing, medical facilities, schools, mass
transportation and power, water or sewage plants, as well as others.
Tax-exempt bonds also are occasionally issued to retire outstanding
obligations, to obtain funds for operating expenses or to loan to other
public or, in some cases, private sector organizations or to individuals.
|
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|
Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
Yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors,
including the general conditions of the money market and the
municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of
the obligations and the rating of the issue. Municipal securities with
longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally
subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and depreciation
than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market
prices of municipal securities usually vary, depending upon available
yields. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of
portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally
increase the value of portfolio investments. The ability of the Fund to
achieve its investment objective is also dependent on the continuing
ability of the issuers of municipal securities in which the Fund invests
to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when
due. The ratings of Moody
’
s and S&P
’
s represent their opinions as to
the quality of municipal securities which they undertake to rate.
Ratings are not absolute standards of quality; consequently,
municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon, and rating may
have different yields. There are variations in municipal securities, both
within a particular classification and between classifications,
depending on numerous factors. It should also be pointed out that,
unlike other types of investments, municipal securities have
traditionally not been subject to regulation by, or registration with, the
SEC, although there have been proposals which would provide for
such regulation in the future.
The federal bankruptcy statutes relating to the debts of political
subdivisions and authorities of states of the United States provide that,
in certain circumstances, such subdivisions or authorities may be
authorized to initiate bankruptcy proceedings without prior notice to or
consent of creditors, which proceedings could result in material and
adverse changes in the rights of holders of their obligations.
Lawsuits challenging the validity under state constitutions of present
systems of financing public education have been initiated or adjusted
in a number of states, and legislation has been introduced to effect
changes in public school financing in some states. In other instances
there have been lawsuits challenging the issuance of pollution control
revenue bonds or the validity of their issuance under state or federal
law which could ultimately affect the validity of those municipal
securities or the tax-free nature of the interest thereon.
Descriptions of some of the municipal securities and related
investment types most commonly acquired by the Funds are provided
below. In addition to those shown, other types of municipal
investments are, or may become, available for investment by the
Funds. For the purpose of each Fund
’
s investment restrictions set
forth in this SAI, the identification of the
“
issuer
”
of a municipal security
which is not a general obligation bond is made by the applicable
Fund
’
s subadviser on the basis of the characteristics of the obligation,
the most significant of which is the source of funds for the payment of
principal and interest on such security.
|
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|
Municipal Bonds
|
|
|
Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than one year when issued, have two principal classifications: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. Another type of municipal bond is referred to as an industrial development bond.
|
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|
Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
General Obligation
Bonds
|
|
|
Issuers of general obligation bonds include states, counties, cities, towns, and regional districts. The proceeds of these obligations are used to fund a wide range of public projects, including construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, and water and sewer systems. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuer
’
s pledge of its full faith and credit and taxing power for the
payment of principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt service may be limited or unlimited as to the rate or amount of special assessments.
|
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|
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|
Industrial
Development Bonds
|
|
|
Industrial development bonds, which are considered municipal bonds if the interest paid is exempt from Federal income tax, are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance various privately operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports arenas and pollution control. These bonds are also used to finance public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems, ports and parking. The payment of the principal and interest on such bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the facility
’
s user to meet its
financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment.
|
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|
|
Revenue Bonds
|
|
|
The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net revenues derived from a particular facility, group of facilities, or, in some cases, the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Revenue bonds are issued to finance a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas, water and sewer systems; highways, bridges, and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. Although the principal security behind these bonds may vary, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund whose money may be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuer
’
s obligations. Housing finance
authorities have a wide range of security; including partially or fully insured mortgages, rent subsidized and/or collateralized mortgages, and/or the net revenues from housing or other public projects. Some authorities provide further security in the form of a state
’
s ability
(without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt service reserve fund.
|
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|
Municipal Leases
|
|
|
Each Fund may acquire participations in lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations (hereinafter collectively called
“
lease obligations
”
) of municipal authorities or entities. Although
lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the municipality
’
s taxing power is pledged, a
lease obligation may be backed by the municipality
’
s covenant to
budget for, appropriate, and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain
“
non-
appropriation
”
clauses which provide that the municipality has no
obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In addition to the
“
non-appropriation
”
risk, these securities
represent a relatively new type of financing that has not yet developed the depth of marketability associated with more conventional bonds. In the case of a
“
non-appropriation
”
lease, the Fund
’
s ability to recover
under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default will be limited solely to the repossession of the leased property in the event foreclosure might prove difficult. The Fund
’
s subadviser will evaluate
the credit quality of a municipal lease and whether it will be considered liquid. (See
“
Illiquid and Restricted Investments
”
in this
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Investment Technique
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|
Description and Risks
|
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|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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|
|
section of the SAI for information regarding the implications of these investments being considered illiquid.)
|
|
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|
|
|
|
Municipal Notes
|
|
|
Municipal notes generally are used to provide for short-term working capital needs and generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes include bond anticipation notes, construction loan notes, revenue anticipation notes and tax anticipation notes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bond Anticipation
Notes
|
|
|
Bond anticipation notes are issued to provide interim financing until long-term financing can be arranged. In most cases, the long-term bonds then provide the money for the repayment of the notes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Construction Loan
Notes
|
|
|
Construction loan notes are sold to provide construction financing. After successful completion and acceptance, many projects receive permanent financing through FNMA or GNMA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue Anticipation
Notes
|
|
|
Revenue anticipation notes are issued in expectation of receipt of other types of revenue, such as Federal revenues available under Federal revenue sharing programs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax Anticipation Notes
|
|
|
Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance working capital needs of municipalities. Generally, they are issued in anticipation of various seasonal tax revenue, such as income, sales, use and business taxes, and are payable from these specific future taxes.
|
|
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|
|
|
|
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper
|
|
|
Tax-exempt commercial paper is a short-term obligation with a stated maturity of 365 days or less. It is issued by state and local governments or their agencies to finance seasonal working capital needs or as short-term financing in anticipation of longer-term financing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Participation on Creditors
’
Committees
|
|
|
While the Funds do not invest in securities to exercise control over the securities
’
issuers, each Fund may from time to time participate on
committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled issuers of securities held by the Fund. Such participation may subject the relevant Fund to expenses such as legal fees and may make the Fund an
“
insider
”
of the issuer for purposes of
the Federal securities laws, and therefore may restrict the Fund
’
s
ability to purchase or sell a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by a Fund on such committees also may expose the Fund to potential liabilities under the federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. A Fund will participate on such committees only when the Fund
’
s
subadviser believes that such participation is necessary or desirable to enforce the Fund
’
s rights as a creditor or to protect the value of
securities held by the Fund.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payable in Kind (
“
PIK
”
) Bonds
|
|
|
PIK bonds are obligations which provide that the issuer thereof may, at its option, pay interest on such bonds in cash or
“
in kind
”
, which
means in the form of additional debt securities. Such securities benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of such cash. The Funds will accrue income on such investments for tax and accounting purposes, which is distributable to shareholders and which, because no cash is received at the time of accrual, may require the liquidation of other portfolio securities to satisfy the Funds
’
distribution obligations. The market prices of PIK
bonds generally are more volatile than the market prices of securities that pay interest periodically, and they are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than would otherwise
|
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|
Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
similar bonds on which regular cash payments of interest are being made.
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Ratings
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The rating or quality of a debt security refers to a rating agency's
assessment of the issuer
’
s creditworthiness, i.e., its ability to pay
principal and interest when due. Higher ratings indicate better credit
quality, as rated by independent rating organizations such as
Moody
’
s, S&P or Fitch, which publish their ratings on a regular basis.
Appendix A provides a description of the various ratings provided for
bonds (including convertible bonds), municipal bonds, and
commercial paper.
After a Fund purchase a debt security, the rating of that security may
be reduced below the minimum rating acceptable for purchase by the
Fund. A subsequent downgrade does not require the sale of the
security, but the Fund
’
s subadviser will consider such an event in
determining whether to continue to hold the obligation. To the extent
that ratings established by Moody
’
s or S&P may change as a result of
changes in such organizations or their rating systems, a Fund will
invest in securities which are deemed by the Fund
’
s subadviser to be
of comparable quality to securities whose current ratings render them
eligible for purchase by the Fund.
Credit ratings issued by credit rating agencies evaluate the safety of
principal and interest payments of rated securities. They do not,
however, evaluate the market-value risk and therefore may not fully
reflect the true risks of an investment. In addition, credit rating
agencies may or may not make timely changes in a rating to reflect
changes in the economy or in the condition of the issuer that affect the
market value of the security. Consequently, credit ratings are used
only as a preliminary indicator of investment quality.
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Sovereign Debt
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Each Fund may invest in
“
sovereign debt,
”
which is issued or
guaranteed by foreign governments (including countries, provinces and municipalities) or their agencies and instrumentalities. Sovereign debt may trade at a substantial discount from face value. The Funds may hold and trade sovereign debt of foreign countries in appropriate circumstances to participate in debt conversion programs. Emerging-market country sovereign debt involves a higher degree of risk than developed markets, is generally lower-quality debt, and is considered speculative in nature due, in part, to the extreme and volatile nature of debt burdens in such countries and because emerging market governments can be relatively unstable. The issuer or governmental authorities that control sovereign-debt repayment (
“
sovereign
debtors
”
) may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest
when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A sovereign debtor
’
s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a
timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash-flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor
’
s policy towards the IMF, and the political constraints to which
the sovereign debtor may be subject. Sovereign debtors may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearage on their debt. The commitment of these third parties to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the sovereign debtor
’
s implementation of economic reforms or economic
performance and the timely service of the debtor
’
s obligations. The
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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sovereign debtor
’
s failure to meet these conditions may cause these
third parties to cancel their commitments to provide funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair the debtor
’
s ability or
willingness to timely service its debts. In certain instances, the Funds may invest in sovereign debt that is in default as to payments of principal or interest. In the event that the Funds hold non-performing sovereign debt, the Funds may incur additional expenses in connection with any restructuring of the issuer
’
s obligations or in
otherwise enforcing their rights thereunder.
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Brady Bonds
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|
Each Fund may invest a portion of its assets in certain sovereign debt obligations known as
“
Brady Bonds.
”
Brady Bonds are issued under
the framework of the Brady Plan, an initiative announced by former U.S. Treasury Secretary Nicholas F. Brady in 1989 as a mechanism for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external indebtedness. The Brady Plan contemplates, among other things, the debtor nation
’
s adoption of certain economic reforms and the
exchange of commercial bank debt for newly issued bonds. In restructuring its external debt under the Brady Plan framework, a debtor nation negotiates with its existing bank lenders as well as the World Bank or the IMF. The World Bank or IMF supports the restructuring by providing funds pursuant to loan agreements or other arrangements that enable the debtor nation to collateralize the new Brady Bonds or to replenish reserves used to reduce outstanding bank debt. Under these loan agreements or other arrangements with the World Bank or IMF, debtor nations have been required to agree to implement certain domestic monetary and fiscal reforms. The Brady Plan sets forth only general guiding principles for economic reform and debt reduction, emphasizing that solutions must be negotiated on a case-by-case basis between debtor nations and their creditors.
Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized amounts constitute the
“
residual risk
”
). In light of the residual risk of Brady
Bonds and, among other factors, the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds, investments in Brady Bonds can be viewed as speculative.
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Stand-by Commitments
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|
Each Fund may purchase securities together with the right to resell them to the seller or a third party at an agreed-upon price or yield within specified periods prior to their maturity dates. Such a right to resell is commonly known as a stand-by commitment, and the aggregate price which a Fund pays for securities with a stand-by commitment may increase the cost, and thereby reduce the yield, of the security. The primary purpose of this practice is to permit the Fund to be as fully invested as practicable in municipal securities while preserving the necessary flexibility and liquidity to meet unanticipated redemptions. Stand-by commitments acquired by a Fund are valued at zero in determining the Fund
’
s NAV. Stand-by commitments involve
certain expenses and risks, including the inability of the issuer of the commitment to pay for the securities at the time the commitment is exercised, non-marketability of the commitment, and differences between the maturity of the underlying security and the maturity of the commitment.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Strip Bonds
|
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|
Strip bonds are debt securities that are stripped of their interest (usually by a financial intermediary) after the securities are issued. The market value of these securities generally fluctuates more in response to changes in interest rates than interest-paying securities of comparable maturity.
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Tender Option Bonds
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Tender option bonds are relatively long-term bonds that are coupled with the option to tender the securities to a bank, broker-dealer or other financial institution at periodic intervals and receive the face value of the bond. This investment structure is commonly used as a means of enhancing a security
’
s liquidity.
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Variable and Floating Rate Obligations
|
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Each Fund may purchase securities having a floating or variable rate
of interest. These securities pay interest at rates that are adjusted
periodically according to a specific formula, usually with reference to
some interest rate index or market interest rate (the
“
underlying
index
”
). The floating rate tends to decrease the security
’
s price
sensitivity to changes in interest rates. These may carry demand
features permitting the holder to demand payment of principal at any
time or at specified intervals prior to maturity. Accordingly, as interest
rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation or
depreciation is less than for fixed-rate obligations.
In order to most effectively use these investments, a Fund
’
s
subadviser must correctly assess probable movements in interest
rates. This involves different skills than those used to select most
other portfolio securities. If the Fund
’
s subadviser incorrectly forecasts
such movements, the Fund could be adversely affected by the use of
variable or floating rate obligations.
The floating and variable rate obligations that the Funds may
purchase include variable rate demand securities. Variable rate
demand securities are variable rate securities that have demand
features entitling the purchaser to resell the securities to the issuer at
an amount approximately equal to amortized cost or the principal
amount thereof plus accrued interest, which may be more or less than
the price that the Fund paid for them. The interest rate on variable rate
demand securities also varies either according to some objective
standard, such as an index of short-term, tax-exempt rates, or
according to rates set by or on behalf of the issuer.
When a Fund purchases a floating or variable rate demand
instrument, the Fund
’
s subadviser will monitor, on an ongoing basis,
the ability of the issuer to pay principal and interest on demand. The
Fund
’
s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could
be affected by events occurring between the date the Fund elects to
demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the
ability of the issuer of the instrument to make payment when due,
except when such demand instrument permits same day settlement.
To facilitate settlement, these same day demand instruments may be
held in book entry form at a bank other than the Funds
’
custodian
subject to a sub-custodian agreement between the bank and the
Funds
’
custodian.
The floating and variable rate obligations that the Funds may
purchase also include certificates of participation in such obligations
purchased from banks. A certificate of participation gives the Fund an
undivided interest in the underlying obligations in the proportion that
the Fund
’
s interest bears to the total principal amount of the
obligation. Certain certificates of participation may carry a demand
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
|
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feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer
prior to maturity.
The income received on certificates of participation in tax-exempt
municipal obligations constitutes interest from tax-exempt obligations.
Each Fund will limit its purchases of floating and variable rate
obligations to those of the same quality as it otherwise is allowed to
purchase. Similar to fixed rate debt instruments, variable and floating
rate instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in
prevailing market interest rates or changes in the issuer
’
s
creditworthiness.
A floating or variable rate instrument may be subject to a Fund
’
s
percentage limitation on illiquid securities if there is no reliable trading
market for the instrument or if the Fund may not demand payment of
the principal amount within seven days. (See
“
Illiquid and Restricted
Securities
”
in this section of the SAI.)
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Zero and Deferred Coupon Debt Securities
|
|
|
Each Fund may invest in debt obligations that do not make any
interest payments for a specified period of time prior to maturity
(
“
deferred coupon
”
bonds) or until maturity (
“
zero coupon
”
bonds).
The nonpayment of interest on a current basis may result from the
bond
’
s having no stated interest rate, in which case the bond pays
only principal at maturity and is normally initially issued at a discount
from face value. Alternatively, the bond may provide for a stated rate
of interest, but provide that such interest is not payable until maturity,
in which case the bond may initially be issued at par. The value to the
investor of these types of bonds is represented by the economic
accretion either of the difference between the purchase price and the
nominal principal amount (if no interest is stated to accrue) or of
accrued, unpaid interest during the bond
’
s life or payment deferral
period.
Because deferred and zero coupon bonds do not make interest
payments for a certain period of time, they are generally purchased by
a Fund at a deep discount and their value fluctuates more in response
to interest rate changes than does the value of debt obligations that
make current interest payments. The degree of fluctuation with
interest rate changes is greater when the deferred period is longer.
Therefore, when a Fund invests in zero or deferred coupon bonds
there is a risk that the value of the Fund
’
s shares may decline more as
a result of an increase in interest rates than would be the case if the
Fund did not invest in such bonds.
Even though zero and deferred coupon bonds may not pay current
interest in cash, each Fund is required to accrue interest income on
such investments and to distribute such amounts to shareholders.
Thus, a Fund would not be able to purchase income-producing
securities to the extent cash is used to pay such distributions, and,
therefore, the Fund
’
s current income could be less than it otherwise
would have been. Instead of using cash, the Fund might liquidate
investments in order to satisfy these distribution requirements.
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Derivative Investments
|
|
|
The Fund may invest in various types of derivatives, which may at
times result in significant derivative exposure. A derivative is a
financial instrument whose performance is derived from the
performance of another asset. The Fund may invest in derivative
instruments including, but not limited to: futures contracts, put options,
call options, options on future contracts, options on foreign
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Investment Technique
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|
Description and Risks
|
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|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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|
|
currencies, swaps, forward contracts, structured investments, and other equity-linked derivatives.
The Fund may use derivative instruments for hedging (to offset risks associated with an investment, currency exposure, or market conditions) or for speculative (to seek to enhance returns) purposes. When the Fund invests in a derivative for speculative purposes, the Fund will be fully exposed to the risks of loss of that derivative, which may sometimes be greater than the derivative
’
s cost. The Fund may
not use any derivative to gain exposure to an asset or class of assets that it would be prohibited by its investment restrictions from purchasing directly. The Fund
’
s ability to use derivative instruments
may also be limited by tax considerations. (See
“
Dividends,
Distributions and Taxes
”
in this SAI.)
Investments in derivatives in general are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Investments in derivatives may not directly correlate with the price movements of the underlying instrument. As a result, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than otherwise would be the case.
|
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|
Credit-linked Notes
|
|
|
Credit-linked notes are derivative instruments used to transfer credit risk. The performance of the notes is linked to the performance of the underlying reference obligation or reference portfolio (
“
reference
entities
”
). The notes are usually issued by a special purpose vehicle
that sells credit protection through a credit default swap agreement in return for a premium and an obligation to pay the transaction sponsor should a reference entity experience a credit event, such as bankruptcy. The special purpose vehicle invests the proceeds from the notes to cover its contingent obligation. Revenue from the investments and the money received as premium are used to pay interest to note holders. The main risk of credit linked notes is the risk of default to the reference obligation of the credit default swap. Should a default occur, the special purpose vehicle would have to pay the transaction sponsor, subordinating payments to the note holders. Credit linked notes also may not be liquid and may be subject to currency and interest rate risks as well.
|
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Eurodollar Instruments
|
|
|
The Funds may invest in Eurodollar instruments. Eurodollar instruments are U.S. dollar-denominated futures contracts or options thereon which are linked to the LIBOR, although foreign currency-denominated instruments are available from time to time. Eurodollar futures contracts enable purchasers to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds and sellers to obtain a fixed rate for borrowings. A Fund might use Eurodollar futures contracts and options thereon to hedge against changes in LIBOR, to which many interest rate swaps and fixed income instruments are linked or to enhance returns.
|
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Equity-linked Derivatives
|
|
|
Each Fund may invest in equity-linked derivative products designed to replicate the composition and performance of particular indices. Examples of such products include Standard & Poor
’
s Depositary
Receipts (SPDRs), World Equity Benchmark Series (WEBs), NASDAQ 100 tracking shares (QQQs), Dow Jones Industrial Average Instruments (DIAMONDS) and Optimized Portfolios as Listed Securities (OPALS). Investments in equity-linked derivatives involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the types of securities included in the indices such products are designed to track.
|
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|
Investment Technique
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|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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|
|
There can be no assurance that the trading price of the equity-linked derivatives will equal the underlying value of the basket of securities purchased to replicate a particular index or that such basket will replicate the index.
Investments in equity-linked derivatives may constitute investments in other investment companies. (See
“
Mutual Fund Investing
”
in this
section of the SAI for information regarding the implications of a Fund investing in other investment companies.)
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|
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, Futures and Options
|
|
|
Each Fund may engage in certain derivative foreign currency
exchange and option transactions involving investment risks and
transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject absent the
use of these strategies. If a Fund
’
s subadviser
’
s predictions of
movements in the direction of securities prices or currency exchange
rates are inaccurate, the adverse consequences to the Fund may
leave the Fund in a worse position than if it had not used such
strategies. Risks inherent in the use of option and foreign currency
forward and futures contracts include: (1) dependence on the Fund
’
s
subadviser
’
s ability to correctly predict movements in the direction of
securities prices and currency exchange rates; (2) imperfect
correlation between the price of options and futures contracts and
movements in the prices of the securities or currencies being hedged;
(3) the fact that the skills needed to use these strategies are different
from those needed to select portfolio securities; (4) the possible
absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument at
any time; and (5) the possible need to defer closing out certain
hedged positions to avoid adverse tax consequences. The Fund
’
s
ability to enter into futures contracts is also limited by the
requirements of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment
company. (See the
“
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes
”
section of
this SAI.)
A Fund may engage in currency exchange transactions to protect
against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates. In
addition, a Fund may write covered put and call options on foreign
currencies for the purpose of increasing its return.
Generally, a Fund may engage in both
“
transaction hedging
”
and
“
position hedging.
”
When it engages in transaction hedging, a Fund
enters into foreign currency transactions with respect to specific
receivables or payables, generally arising in connection with the
purchase or sale of portfolio securities. A Fund will engage in
transaction hedging when it desires to
“
lock in
”
the U.S. dollar price of
a security it has agreed to purchase or sell, or the U.S. dollar
equivalent of a dividend or interest payment in a foreign currency. By
transaction hedging, the Fund will attempt to protect itself against a
possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the exchange rate
between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currency during the
period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or
on which the dividend or interest payment is declared, and the date on
which such payments are made or received.
A Fund may enter into contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies
at a future date (
“
forward contracts
”
) and purchase and sell foreign
currency futures contracts. For transaction hedging purposes, the
Fund may also purchase exchange-listed and over-the-counter put
and call options on foreign currency futures contracts and on foreign
currencies. A put option on a futures contract gives the Fund the right
to assume a short position in the futures contract until the expiration of
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
|
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Fund-Specific Limitations
|
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|
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the option. A put option on a currency gives the Fund the right to sell
the currency at an exercise price until the expiration of the option. A
call option on a futures contract gives the Fund the right to assume a
long position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A
call option on a currency gives the Fund the right to purchase the
currency at the exercise price until the expiration of the option.
When engaging in position hedging, a Fund enters into foreign
currency exchange transactions to protect against a decline in the
values of the foreign currencies in which its portfolio securities are
denominated (or an increase in the values of currency for securities
which the Fund expects to purchase, when the Fund holds cash or
short-term investments). In connection with position hedging, the
Fund may purchase put or call options on foreign currency and on
foreign currency futures contracts and buy or sell forward contracts
and foreign currency futures contracts. (A Fund may also purchase or
sell foreign currency on a spot basis, as discussed in
“
Foreign
Currency Transactions
”
under
“
Foreign Investing
”
in this section of the
SAI.)
The precise matching of the amounts of foreign currency exchange
transactions and the value of the portfolio securities involved will not
generally be possible since the future value of such securities in
foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market
movements in the value of those securities between the dates the
currency exchange transactions are entered into and the dates they
mature. It is also impossible to forecast with precision the market
value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or
futures contract. Accordingly, it may be necessary for a Fund to
purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market (and bear the
expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security or
securities being hedged is less than the amount of foreign currency
the Fund is obligated to deliver and a decision is made to sell the
security or securities and make delivery of the foreign currency.
Conversely, it may be necessary to sell on the spot market some of
the foreign currency received upon the sale of the portfolio security or
securities if the market value of such security or securities exceeds
the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver.
Transaction and position hedging do not eliminate fluctuations in the
underlying prices of the securities which a Fund owns or intends to
purchase or sell. They simply establish a rate of exchange which one
can achieve at some future point in time. Additionally, although these
techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the
value of the hedged currency, they also tend to limit any potential gain
which might result from the increase in value of such currency.
A Fund may seek to increase its return or to offset some of the costs
of hedging against fluctuations in currency exchange rates by writing
covered put options and covered call options on foreign currencies. In
that case, the Fund receives a premium from writing a put or call
option, which increases the Fund
’
s current return if the option expires
unexercised or is closed out at a net profit. A Fund may terminate an
option that it has written prior to its expiration by entering into a closing
purchase transaction in which it purchases an option having the same
terms as the option written.
A Fund
’
s currency hedging transactions may call for the delivery of
one foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency and
may at times not involve currencies in which its portfolio securities are
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
|
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Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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then denominated. A Fund
’
s subadviser will engage in such
“
cross
hedging
”
activities when it believes that such transactions provide
significant hedging opportunities for the Fund. Cross hedging transactions by a Fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability which is the subject of the hedge.
Foreign currency forward contracts, futures and options may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States; may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees; and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the relevant Fund
’
s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign
markets during non-business hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States, and (v) lesser trading volume.
The types of derivative foreign currency exchange transactions most commonly employed by the Funds are discussed below, although each Fund is also permitted to engage in other similar transactions to the extent consistent with the Fund
’
s investment limitations and
restrictions.
|
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|
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
|
|
|
A foreign currency forward contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days (
“
term
”
) from the date of the contract agreed upon by
the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers.
A Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily in an amount not less than the value of the Fund
’
s total assets committed to
forward foreign currency exchange contracts entered into for the purchase of a foreign currency. If the value of the securities specifically designated declines, additional cash or securities will be added so that the specifically designated amount is not less than the amount of the Fund
’
s commitments with respect to such contracts.
|
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Foreign Currency Futures Transactions
|
|
|
Each Fund may use foreign currency futures contracts and options on
such futures contracts. Through the purchase or sale of such
contracts, a Fund may be able to achieve many of the same
objectives attainable through the use of foreign currency forward
contracts, but more effectively and possibly at a lower cost.
Unlike forward foreign currency exchange contracts, foreign currency
futures contracts and options on foreign currency futures contracts
are standardized as to amount and delivery period and are traded on
boards of trade and commodities exchanges. It is anticipated that
such contracts may provide greater liquidity and lower cost than
forward foreign currency exchange contracts.
|
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|
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|
|
|
Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchasers and sellers of foreign currency futures contracts are
subject to the same risks that apply to the buying and selling of futures
generally. In addition, there are risks associated with foreign currency
futures contracts similar to those associated with options on foreign
currencies. (See
“
Foreign Currency Options
”
and
“
Futures Contracts
and Options on Futures Contracts
”
, each in this sub-section of the
SAI.) The Fund must accept or make delivery of the underlying foreign
currency, through banking arrangements, in accordance with any U.S.
or foreign restrictions or regulations regarding the maintenance of
foreign banking arrangements by U.S. residents and may be required
to pay any fees, taxes or charges associated with such delivery which
are assessed in the issuing country.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666,
when entering into a futures contract or an option transaction, a Fund
will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset,
including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as
the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily equal to
the net amount of the Fund
’
s obligation. For foreign currency futures
transactions, the prescribed amount will generally be the daily value of
the futures contract, marked to market.
Futures contracts are designed by boards of trade which are
designated
“
contracts markets
”
by the CFTC. Futures contracts trade
on contracts markets in a manner that is similar to the way a stock
trades on a stock exchange and the boards of trade, through their
clearing corporations, guarantee performance of the contracts. As of
the date of this SAI, the Funds may invest in futures contracts under
specified conditions without being regulated as commodity pools.
However, under recently amended CFTC rules the Funds
’
ability to
maintain the exclusions/exemptions from the definition of commodity
pool may be limited. (See
“
Commodity Interests
”
in this section of the
SAI.)
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Foreign Currency Options
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A foreign currency option provides the option buyer with the right to
buy or sell a stated amount of foreign currency at the exercise price at
a specified date or during the option period. A call option gives its
owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy the currency, while a put
option gives its owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell the
currency. The option seller (writer) is obligated to fulfill the terms of the
option sold if it is exercised. However, either seller or buyer may close
its position during the option period for such options any time prior to
expiration.
A call rises in value if the underlying currency appreciates.
Conversely, a put rises in value if the underlying currency depreciates.
While purchasing a foreign currency option can protect a Fund against
an adverse movement in the value of a foreign currency, it does not
limit the gain which might result from a favorable movement in the
value of such currency. For example, if the Fund were holding
securities denominated in an appreciating foreign currency and had
purchased a foreign currency put to hedge against a decline in the
value of the currency, it would not have to exercise its put. Similarly, if
the Fund had entered into a contract to purchase a security
denominated in a foreign currency and had purchased a foreign
currency call to hedge against a rise in the value of the currency but
instead the currency had depreciated in value between the date of
purchase and the settlement date, the Fund would not have to
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exercise its call but could acquire in the spot market the amount of
foreign currency needed for settlement.
The value of a foreign currency option depends upon the value of the
underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result, the price of
the option position may vary with changes in the value of either or
both currencies and have no relationship to the investment merits of a
foreign security, including foreign securities held in a
“
hedged
”
investment portfolio. Because foreign currency transactions occurring
in the interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than
those that may be involved in the use of foreign currency options, the
Funds may be disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd lot market
(generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the
underlying foreign currencies at prices that are less favorable than for
round lots.
As in the case of other kinds of options, the use of foreign currency
options constitutes only a partial hedge, and a Fund could be required
to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange
rates, thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on a foreign
currency may not necessarily constitute an effective hedge against
fluctuations in exchange rates and, in the event of rate movements
adverse to the Fund
’
s position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount
of the premium plus related transaction costs.
Options on foreign currencies written or purchased by a Fund may be
traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges or over the counter. There is no
systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies
traded over the counter or any regulatory requirement that quotations
available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised
on a timely basis. Quotation information available is generally
representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and
thus may not reflect relatively smaller transactions (i.e., less than $1
million) where rates may be less favorable. The interbank market in
foreign currencies is a global, around-the-clock market. To the extent
that the U.S. options markets are closed while the markets for the
underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate
movements may take place in the underlying markets that are not
reflected in the options market.
For additional information about options transactions, see
“
Options
”
under
“
Derivative Investments
”
in this section of the SAI.
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Foreign Currency Warrants
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Foreign currency warrants such as currency exchange warrants are
warrants that entitle the holder to receive from the issuer an amount of
cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S.
dollars) that is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and
based on the exchange rate between a specified foreign currency and
the U.S. dollar as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency
warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as
of a specified date and time. Foreign currency warrants have been
issued in connection with U.S. dollar-denominated debt offerings by
major corporate issuers in an attempt to reduce the foreign currency
exchange risk that, from the point of view of prospective purchasers of
the securities, is inherent in the international fixed income
marketplace.
Foreign currency warrants may be used to reduce the foreign
exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example,
providing for a supplemental payment in the event the U.S. dollar
depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the
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Japanese Yen or Euro. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed).
Foreign currency warrants are severable from the debt obligations with which they may be offered, and may be listed on exchanges. Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required either to sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. Upon exercise of warrants, there may be a delay between the time the holder gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining
“
time value
”
of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the
current market value and the exercise value of the warrants), and, if the warrants were
“
out-of-the-money,
”
in a total loss of the purchase
price of the warrants.
Warrants are generally unsecured obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the OCC. Unlike foreign currency options issued by OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of governmental or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants is generally considerably in excess of the price that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving significantly larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to significant foreign exchange risk, including risks arising from complex political or economic factors.
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Performance Indexed Paper
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Performance indexed paper is U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper the yield of which is linked to certain foreign exchange rate movements. The yield to the investor on performance indexed paper is established at maturity as a function of spot exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a designated currency as of or about the time (generally, the index maturity two days prior to maturity). The yield to the investor will be within a range stipulated at the time of purchase of the obligation, generally with a guaranteed minimum rate of return that is below, and a potential maximum rate of return that is above, market yields on U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper, with both the minimum and maximum rates of return on the investment corresponding to the minimum and maximum values of the spot exchange rate two business days prior to maturity.
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Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities (
“
PERLS
”
)
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PERLS are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and a particular foreign currency at or about that time. The return on
“
standard
”
principal exchange rate linked
securities is enhanced if the foreign currency to which the security is
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linked appreciates against the U.S. dollar, and is adversely affected by increases in the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar, “
reverse
”
PERLS are like the
“
standard
”
securities, except that their
return is enhanced by increases in the value of the U.S. dollar and adversely impacted by increases in the value of foreign currency. Interest payments on the securities are generally made in U.S. dollars at rates that reflect the degree of foreign currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, or relatively lower interest rates if the issuer has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, based on the expectations of the current market). PERLS may in limited cases be subject to acceleration of maturity (generally, not without the consent of the holders of the securities), which may have an adverse impact on the value of the principal payment to be made at maturity.
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Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
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Each Fund may use interest rate, foreign currency, dividend, volatility
or index futures contracts. An interest rate, foreign currency, dividend,
volatility or index futures contract provides for the future sale by one
party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a
financial instrument, foreign currency, volatility index, dividend basket
or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. A futures
contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties
agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the
difference between the value of the index at the close of the last
trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract
was originally written. Although the value of an index might be a
function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical
delivery of these securities is made. A public market exists in futures
contracts covering several indexes as well as a number of financial
instruments and foreign currencies, and it is expected that other
futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future. Interest
rate and volatility futures contracts currently are traded in the United
States primarily on the floors of the Chicago Board of Trade and the
International Monetary Market of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
Interest rate futures also are traded on foreign exchanges such as the
London International Financial Futures Exchange and the Singapore
International Monetary Exchange. Volatility futures also are traded on
foreign exchanges such as Eurex, NYSE Euronext Liffe, London
Stock Exchange and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange.
A Fund may purchase and write call and put options on futures.
Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options
on securities and indexes discussed above. A futures option gives the
holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long
position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified
exercise price at any time during the period of option. Upon exercise
of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures
contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the
case of a put option, the opposite is true.
Except as otherwise described in this SAI, the Funds will limit their
use of futures contracts and futures options to hedging transactions
and in an attempt to increase total return, in accordance with Federal
regulations. The costs of, and possible losses incurred from, futures
contracts and options thereon may reduce the Fund
’
s current income
and involve a loss of principal. Any incremental return earned by the
Fund resulting from these transactions would be expected to offset
anticipated losses or a portion thereof.
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Each of Alternative Total Solution Fund and Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund will not limit its use of futures contracts and futures options to hedging transactions, and its investments in futures are likely to cause it to be considered a commodity pool. (See “
Commodity Interests
”
in this SAI.)
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The Funds will only enter into futures contracts and futures options
which are standardized and traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange,
board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation
system.
When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by a Fund, the
Fund is required to deposit with its custodian (or broker, if legally
permitted) a specified amount of cash or U.S. Government securities
(
“
initial margin
”
). The margin required for a futures contract is set by
the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified
during the term of the contract. The initial margin is in the nature of a
performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract which
is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all
contractual obligations have been satisfied. The Funds expect to earn
interest income on their initial margin deposits. A futures contract held
by a Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the
exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives
cash, called
“
variation margin,
”
equal to the daily change in value of
the futures contract. This process is known as
“
marking to market.
”
Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund
but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the
amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In
computing daily NAV, the Fund will mark to market its open futures
positions.
The Funds are also required to deposit and maintain margin with
respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by them.
Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the
underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin
requirements), the current market value of the option, and other
futures positions held by the relevant Fund.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666,
when entering into a futures contract or an option on a futures
contract, a Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records
any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt
so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market
daily equal to the prescribed amount. Generally, for cash-settled
futures contracts the prescribed amount is the net amount of the
Fund
’
s obligation, and for non-cash-settled futures contracts the
prescribed about is the notional value of the reference obligation.
Futures contracts are designed by boards of trade which are
designated
“
contracts markets
”
by the CFTC. Futures contracts trade
on contracts markets in a manner that is similar to the way a stock
trades on a stock exchange and the boards of trade, through their
clearing corporations, guarantee performance of the contracts. A
Fund
’
s ability to claim an exclusion or exemption from the definition of
a commodity pool may be limited when the Fund invests in futures
contracts. (See
“
Commodity Interests
”
in this SAI.)
The requirements of the Code for qualification as a regulated
investment company also may limit the extent to which a Fund may
enter into futures, futures options or forward contracts. (See the
“
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes
”
section of this SAI.)
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of
the underlying securities, generally these obligations are closed out
prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures
contracts (same exchange, underlying security or index, and delivery
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month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale
price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund
realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sales price is more
than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if
it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs must
also be included in these calculations.
Positions in futures contracts and related options may be closed out
only on an exchange which provides a secondary market for such
contracts or options. The Fund will enter into an option or futures
position only if there appears to be a liquid secondary market.
However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market
will exist for any particular option or futures contract at any specific
time. Thus, it may not be possible to close out a futures or related
option position. In the case of a futures position, in the event of
adverse price movements the Fund would continue to be required to
make daily margin payments. In this situation, if the Fund has
insufficient cash to meet daily margin requirements it may have to sell
portfolio securities to meet its margin obligations at a time when it may
be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, the Fund may be required to
take or make delivery of the securities underlying the futures contracts
it holds. The inability to close out futures positions also could have an
adverse impact on the Fund
’
s ability to hedge its portfolio effectively.
There are several risks in connection with the use of futures contracts
as a hedging device. While hedging can provide protection against an
adverse movement in market prices, it can also limit a hedger
’
s
opportunity to benefit fully from a favorable market movement. In
addition, investing in futures contracts and options on futures
contracts will cause the Fund to incur additional brokerage
commissions and may cause an increase in the Fund
’
s portfolio
turnover rate.
The successful use of futures contracts and related options also
depends on the ability of the relevant Fund
’
s subadviser to forecast
correctly the direction and extent of market movements, interest rates
and other market factors within a given time frame. To the extent
market prices remain stable during the period a futures contract or
option is held by a Fund or such prices move in a direction opposite to
that anticipated, the Fund may realize a loss on the transaction which
is not offset by an increase in the value of its portfolio securities.
Options and futures may also fail as a hedging technique in cases
where the movements of the securities underlying the options and
futures do not follow the price movements of the hedged portfolio
securities. As a result, the Fund
’
s total return for the period may be
less than if it had not engaged in the hedging transaction. The loss
from investing in futures transactions is potentially unlimited.
Utilization of futures contracts by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect
correlation in movements in the price of futures contracts and
movements in the price of the securities which are being hedged. If
the price of the futures contract moves more or less than the price of
the securities being hedged, the Fund will experience a gain or loss
which will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the
securities. It is possible that, where a Fund has sold futures contracts
to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the market may
advance and the value of securities held in the Fund
’
s portfolio may
decline. If this occurred, the Fund would lose money on the futures
contract and would also experience a decline in value in its portfolio
securities. Where futures are purchased to hedge against a possible
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increase in the prices of securities before the Fund is able to invest its
cash (or cash equivalents) in securities (or options) in an orderly
fashion, it is possible that the market may decline; if the Fund then
determines not to invest in securities (or options) at that time because
of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons,
the Fund will realize a loss on the futures that would not be offset by a
reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
The market prices of futures contracts may be affected if participants
in the futures market elect to close out their contracts through off-
setting transactions rather than to meet margin deposit requirements.
In such case, distortions in the normal relationship between the cash
and futures markets could result. Price distortions could also result if
investors in futures contracts opt to make or take delivery of the
underlying securities rather than to engage in closing transactions
because such action would reduce the liquidity of the futures market.
In addition, from the point of view of speculators, because the deposit
requirements in the futures markets are less onerous than margin
requirements in the cash market, increased participation by
speculators in the futures market could cause temporary price
distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortions in the futures
market and because of the imperfect correlation between movements
in the prices of securities and movements in the prices of futures
contracts, a correct forecast of market trends may still not result in a
successful hedging transaction.
Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, the purchase
of put or call options on futures contracts involves less potential risk
for the Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium
paid for the options plus transaction costs. However, there may be
circumstances when the purchase of an option on a futures contract
would result in a loss to the Fund while the purchase or sale of the
futures contract would not have resulted in a loss, such as when there
is no movement in the price of the underlying securities.
For additional information about options transactions, see
“
Options
”
under
“
Derivative Investments
”
in this section of the SAI.
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Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities
|
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Each Fund may purchase mortgage-related and other asset-backed
securities, which collectively are securities backed by mortgages,
installment contracts, credit card receivables or other financial assets.
Asset-backed securities represent interests in
“
pools
”
of assets in
which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are
made periodically, thus in effect
“
passing through
”
such payments
made by the individual borrowers on the assets that underlie the
securities, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the
securities. The average life of asset-backed securities varies with the
maturities of the underlying instruments, and the average life of a
mortgage-backed instrument, in particular, is likely to be substantially
than the original maturity of the mortgage pools underlying the
securities as a result of mortgage prepayments where applicable. For
this and other reasons, an asset-backed security
’
s stated maturity
may be different, and the security
’
s total return may be difficult to
predict precisely.
If an asset-backed security is purchased at a premium, a prepayment
rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a
prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite
effect of increasing yield to maturity. Conversely, if an asset-backed
security is purchased at a discount, faster than expected prepayments
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will increase yield to maturity, while slower than expected
prepayments will decrease yield to maturity.
Prepayments of principal of mortgage-related securities by
mortgagors or mortgage foreclosures affect the average life of the
mortgage-related securities in the Fund
’
s portfolio. Mortgage
prepayments are affected by the level of interest rates and other
factors, including general economic conditions and the underlying
location and age of the mortgage. In periods of rising interest rates,
the prepayment rate tends to decrease, lengthening the average life of
a pool of mortgage-related securities. The longer the remaining
maturity of a security the greater the effect of interest rate changes will
be. Changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest
and principal and in the market
’
s perception of its creditworthiness
also affect the market value of that issuer
’
s debt securities.
In periods of falling interest rates, the prepayment rate tends to
increase, shortening the average life of a pool. Because prepayments
of principal generally occur when interest rates are declining, it is likely
that the Fund, to the extent that it retains the same percentage of debt
securities, may have to reinvest the proceeds of prepayments at lower
interest rates than those of its previous investments. If this occurs,
that Fund
’
s yield will correspondingly decline. Thus, mortgage-related
securities may have less potential for capital appreciation in periods of
falling interest rates than other fixed income securities of comparable
duration, although they may have a comparable risk of decline in
market value in periods of rising interest rates. To the extent that the
Fund purchases mortgage-related securities at a premium,
unscheduled prepayments, which are made at par, result in a loss
equal to any unamortized premium.
Duration is one of the fundamental tools used by the adviser in
managing interest rate risks including prepayment risks. Traditionally,
a debt security
’
s
“
term to maturity
”
characterizes a security
’
s
sensitivity to changes in interest rates.
“
Term to maturity,
”
however,
measures only the time until a debt security provides its final payment,
taking no account of prematurity payments. Most debt securities
provide interest (
“
coupon
”
) payments in addition to a final (
“
par
”
)
payment at maturity, and some securities have call provisions
allowing the issuer to repay the instrument in full before maturity date,
each of which affect the security
’
s response to interest rate changes.
“
Duration
”
is considered a more precise measure of interest rate risk
than
“
term to maturity.
”
Determining duration may involve the
adviser
’
s estimates of future economic parameters, which may vary
from actual future values. Generally, fixed income securities with
effective durations of three years are more responsive to interest rate
fluctuations than those with effective durations of one year. For
example, if interest rates rise by 1%, the value of securities having an
effective duration of three years will generally decrease by
approximately 3%.
Descriptions of some of the different types of mortgage-related and
other asset-backed securities most commonly acquired by the Funds
are provided below. In addition to those shown, other types of
mortgage-related and asset-backed investments are, or may become,
available for investment by the Funds.
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Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (
“
CMOs
”
)
|
|
|
CMOs are hybrid instruments with characteristics of both mortgage-
backed and mortgage pass-through securities. Interest and prepaid
principal on a CMO are paid, in most cases, monthly. CMOs may be
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collateralized by whole mortgage loans but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by entities such as GNMA, FHLMC, or FNMA, and their income streams.
CMOs are typically structured in multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes typically receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An investor may be partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments.
FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates and are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. The amount of principal payable on each monthly payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMC
’
s mandatory sinking fund
schedule. Sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payments of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMC
’
s minimum sinking
fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking-fund payments. Because of the
“
pass-
through
”
nature of all principal payments received on the collateral
pool in excess of FHLMC
’
s minimum sinking fund requirement, the
rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date. If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semiannual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMC
’
s minimum sinking fund
obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds.
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CMO Residuals
|
|
|
CMO residuals are derivative mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans. As described above, the cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The
“
residual
”
in a CMO structure generally represents the
interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and, in particular, the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. In certain circumstances a Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. The CMO residual market currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. CMO residuals may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, may be deemed illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds
’
limitations
on investment in illiquid securities. (See
“
Illiquid and Restricted
Securities
”
in this section of the SAI.)
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Mortgage Pass-through Securities
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|
Mortgage pass-through securities are interests in pools of mortgage
loans, assembled and issued by various governmental, government-
related, and private organizations. Unlike other forms of debt
securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in
fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call
dates, these securities provide a monthly payment consisting of both
interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a
“
pass-through
”
of the monthly payments made by the individual
borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of
any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional
payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the
sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees
or costs.
“
Modified pass-through
”
securities (such as securities issued
by GNMA) entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal
payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the
scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor
actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities
is GNMA. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and
credit of the United States Government, the timely payment of
principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by
GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and
mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of Federal Housing
Administration insured or Veterans Administration guaranteed
mortgages. Government-related guarantors whose obligations are not
backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government
include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not
insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential
mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state
and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings
banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers.
FHLMC issues Participation Certificates that represent interests in
conventional mortgages from FHLMC
’
s national portfolio. FNMA and
FHLMC guarantee the timely payment of interest and ultimate
collection of principal on securities they issue, but the securities they
issue are neither issued nor guaranteed by the United States
Government.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage
insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market
issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential
mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/
or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the
guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such
non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than
government and government-related pools because there are no
direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments for
such securities. However, timely payment of interest and principal of
these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or
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Description and Risks
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guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Fund
’
s investment quality standards. There
can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. A Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originator/servicers and poolers, the Fund
’
s subadviser determines that the securities meet the Fund
’
s
quality standards. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable and may therefore be subject to the Funds
’
limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See
“
Illiquid
and Restricted Securities
”
in this section of the SAI.)
Mortgage-backed securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Funds
’
industry concentration restrictions set forth in the
“
Investment
Restrictions
”
section of this SAI by virtue of the exclusion from the test
available to all U.S. Government securities. The Funds will take the position that privately-issued, mortgage-related securities do not represent interests in any particular
“
industry
”
or group of industries.
The assets underlying such securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration or the Department of Veterans Affairs. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
It is possible that the availability and the marketability (that is, liquidity) of the securities discussed in this section could be adversely affected by the actions of the U.S. Government to tighten the availability of its credit. On September 7, 2008, the FHFA, an agency of the U.S. Government, placed FNMA and FHLMC into conservatorship, a statutory process with the objective of returning the entities to normal business operations. FHFA will act as the conservator to operate FNMA and FHLMC until they are stabilized. The conservatorship is still in effect as of the date of this SAI and has no specified termination date. There can be no assurance as to when or how the conservatorship will be terminated or whether FNMA or FHLMC will continue to exist following the conservatorship or what their respective business structures will be during or following the conservatorship. FHFA, as conservator, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to its appointment if it determines that performance of the contract is burdensome and repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA
’
s or FHLMC
’
s affairs. Furthermore, FHFA has the right to
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transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. If FHFA were to transfer any such guarantee obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guarantee obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
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Other Asset-Backed Securities
|
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|
Through trusts and other special purpose entities, various types of securities based on financial assets other than mortgage loans are increasingly available, in both pass-through structures similar to mortgage pass-through securities described above and in other structures more like CMOs. As with mortgage-related securities, these asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of financial assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. They often include credit-enhancement features similar to mortgage-related securities.
Financial assets on which these securities are based include automobile receivables; credit card receivables; loans to finance boats, recreational vehicles, and mobile homes; computer, copier, railcar, and medical equipment leases; and trade, healthcare, and franchise receivables. In general, the obligations supporting these asset-backed securities are of shorter maturities than mortgage loans and are less likely to experience substantial prepayments. However, obligations such as credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the obligors are often entitled to protection under a number of state and federal consumer credit laws granting, among other things, rights to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thus reducing the balance due. Other obligations that are secured, such as automobile receivables, may present issuers with difficulties in perfecting and executing on the security interests, particularly where the issuer allows the servicers of the receivables to retain possession of the underlying obligations, thus increasing the risk that recoveries on defaulted obligations may not be adequate to support payments on the securities.
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Stripped Mortgage-backed Securities (
“
SMBS
”
)
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|
SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. They may be
issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by
private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans. SMBS are
usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions
of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage
assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some
of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets,
while the other class will receive most of the interest and the
remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will
receive all of the interest (the interest-only or
“
IO
”
class), while the
other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or
“
PO
”
class). The yield to maturity on an IO class security is extremely
sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on
the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal
payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund
’
s yield to
maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets
experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the
Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in these securities
even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories. The
market value of the PO class generally is unusually volatile in
response to changes in interest rates.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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Although SMBS are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed and, accordingly, these securities may be deemed illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds
’
limitations on investment in illiquid securities. (See
“
Illiquid and
Restricted Securities
”
in this section of the SAI.)
Each Fund may invest in other mortgage-related securities with features similar to those described above, to the extent consistent with the relevant Fund
’
s investment objectives and policies.
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Options
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|
Each Fund may purchase or sell put and call options on securities,
indices and other financial instruments. Options may relate to
particular securities, foreign and domestic securities indices, financial
instruments, volatility, credit default, foreign currencies or the yield
differential between two securities. Such options may or may not be
listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may
not be issued by the OCC.
A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option
the right to buy, and a writer the obligation to sell, the underlying
security at the stated exercise price before the expiration of the option,
regardless of the market price of the security. A premium is paid to the
writer by the purchaser in consideration for undertaking the obligation
under the option contract. A put option for a particular security gives
the purchaser the right to sell and a writer the obligation to buy the
security at the stated exercise price before the expiration date of the
option, regardless of the market price of the security.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Releast No. IC-10666,
options written by a Fund will be covered and will remain covered as
long as the Fund is obligated as a writer. A call option is
“
covered
”
if
the Fund owns the underlying security or its equivalent covered by the
call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security
without additional cash consideration (or for additional cash
consideration if such cash is segregated) upon conversion or
exchange of other securities held in its portfolio. A call option is also
covered if the Fund holds on a share-for-share or equal principal
amount basis a call on the same security as the call written where the
exercise price of the call held is equal to or less than the exercise
price of the call written or greater than the exercise price of the call
written if appropriate liquid assets representing the difference are
segregated by the Fund. A put option is
“
covered
”
if the Fund
maintains appropriate liquid securities with a value equal to the
exercise price, or owns on a share-for-share or equal principal
amount basis a put on the same security as the put written where the
exercise price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise
price of the put written.
A Fund
’
s obligation to sell an instrument subject to a covered call
option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a secured
put option written by it, may be terminated before the expiration of the
option by the Fund
’
s execution of a closing purchase transaction. This
means that a Fund buys an option of the same series (i.e., same
underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the
option previously written. Such a purchase does not result in the
ownership of an option. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily
be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an
underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the
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Description and Risks
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underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option
containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of
such a closing purchase plus related transaction costs may be greater
than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the
Fund will experience a loss. There is no assurance that a liquid
secondary market will exist for any particular option. A Fund that has
written an option and is unable to effect a closing purchase
transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument (in the
case of a covered call option) or liquidate the segregated assets (in
the case of a secured put option) until the option expires or the
optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise. The Fund will be
subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument
during such period.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666,
when entering into an option transaction, a Fund will specifically
designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity
securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is
liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily equal to the market
value of the security or index on which the option is written. For
options transactions, the prescribed amount will generally be the
market value of the underlying instrument.
Options purchased are recorded as an asset and written options are
recorded as liabilities to the extent of premiums paid or received. The
amount of this asset or liability will be subsequently marked-to-market
to reflect the current value of the option purchased or written. The
current value of the traded option is the last sale price or, in the
absence of a sale, the current bid price. If an option purchased by a
Fund expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a loss equal to the
premium paid. If a Fund enters into a closing sale transaction on an
option purchased by it, the Fund will realize a gain if the premium
received by the Fund on the closing transaction is more than the
premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option
written by a Fund expires on the stipulated expiration date or if a Fund
enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss
if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium
received when the option is sold), and the liability related to such
option will be eliminated. If an option written by a Fund is exercised,
the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium
originally received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.
Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails greater than
ordinary investment risk. Options may be more volatile than the
underlying instruments and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an
investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an
investment in the underlying instruments themselves.
There are several other risks associated with options. For example,
there are significant differences among the securities, currency,
volatility, credit default and options markets that could result in an
imperfect correlation among these markets, causing a given
transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid
secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-
counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons that include
the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain
options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening
transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts,
suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to
particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the OCC may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the OCC as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
The staff of the SEC currently takes the position that options not traded on registered domestic securities exchanges and the assets used to cover the amount of the Fund
’
s obligation pursuant to such
options are illiquid, and are therefore subject to each Fund
’
s limitation
on investments in illiquid securities. However, for options written with “
primary dealers
”
in U.S. Government securities pursuant to an
agreement requiring a closing transaction at the formula price, the amount considered to be illiquid may be calculated by reference to a formula price. (See
“
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
”
in this section
of the SAI.)
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Options on Indexes and
“
Yield Curve
”
Options
|
|
|
Each Fund may enter into options on indexes or options the
“
spread,
”
or yield differential, between two fixed income securities, in
transactions referred to as
“
yield curve
”
options. Options on indexes
and yield curve options provide the holder with the right to make or
receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option. With respect to
options on indexes, the amount of the settlement will equal the
difference between the closing price of the index at the time of
exercise and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars,
times a specified multiple. With respect to yield curve options, the
amount of the settlement will equal the difference between the yields
of designated securities.
With respect to yield curve options, a call or put option is covered if a
Fund holds another call or put, respectively, on the spread between
the same two securities and maintains in a segregated account liquid
assets sufficient to cover the Fund
’
s net liability under the two options.
Therefore, the Fund
’
s liability for such a covered option is generally
limited to the difference between the amount of the Fund
’
s liability
under the option it wrote less the value of the option it holds. A Fund
may also cover yield curve options in such other manner as may be in
accordance with the requirements of the counterparty with which the
option is traded and applicable laws and regulations.
The trading of these types of options is subject to all of the risks
associated with the trading of other types of options. In addition,
however, yield curve options present risk of loss even if the yield of
one of the underlying securities remains constant, if the spread moves
in a direction or to an extent which was not anticipated.
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Reset Options
|
|
|
In certain instances, a Fund may purchase or write options on U.S. Treasury securities, which provide for periodic adjustment of the strike price and may also provide for the periodic adjustment of the premium during the term of each such option. Like other types of options, these transactions, which may be referred to as
“
reset
”
options or
“
adjustable strike
”
options grant the purchaser the right to purchase
(in the case of a call) or sell (in the case of a put), a specified type of U.S. Treasury security at any time up to a stated expiration date (or, in
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
|
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Fund-Specific Limitations
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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certain instances, on such date). In contrast to other types of options, however, the price at which the underlying security may be purchased or sold under a
“
reset
”
option is determined at various intervals during
the term of the option, and such price fluctuates from interval to interval based on changes in the market value of the underlying security. As a result, the strike price of a
“
reset
”
option, at the time of
exercise, may be less advantageous than if the strike price had been fixed at the initiation of the option. In addition, the premium paid for the purchase of the option may be determined at the termination, rather than the initiation, of the option. If the premium for a reset option written by a Fund is paid at termination, the Fund assumes the risk that (i) the premium may be less than the premium which would otherwise have been received at the initiation of the option because of such factors as the volatility in yield of the underlying Treasury security over the term of the option and adjustments made to the strike price of the option, and (ii) the option purchaser may default on its obligation to pay the premium at the termination of the option. Conversely, where a Fund purchases a reset option, it could be required to pay a higher premium than would have been the case at the initiation of the option.
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Swap Agreements
|
|
|
Each Fund may enter into interest rate, index, securities-based and
currency exchange rate swap agreements in attempts to obtain a
particular desired return at a lower cost to the Fund than if the Fund
had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return.
Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by
institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more
than one year. In a standard
“
swap
”
transaction, two parties agree to
exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or
realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The
gross returns to be exchanged or
“
swapped
”
between the parties are
calculated with respect to a
“
notional amount,
”
i.e., the return on or
increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular
interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a
“
basket
”
of
securities representing a particular index. The
“
notional amount
”
of
the swap agreement is only a fictive basis on which to calculate the
obligations the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to
exchange. A Fund
’
s obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement
will generally be equal only to the amount to be paid or received under
the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by
each party to the agreement (the
“
net amount
”
). A Fund
’
s obligations
under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any
amounts owing to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts
owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by specifically
designating on the accounting records of the Fund liquid assets to
avoid leveraging of the Fund
’
s portfolio.
Because swap agreements are two-party contracts and may have
terms of greater than seven days, they may be considered to be
illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds
’
limitations on investment in
illiquid securities. (See
“
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
”
in this
section of the SAI.) Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the
amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event
of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. A
Fund
’
s subadviser will cause the Fund to enter into swap agreements
only with counterparties that would be eligible for consideration as
repurchase agreement counterparties under the Funds
’
repurchase
agreement guidelines. (See
“
Repurchase Agreements
”
in this section
of the SAI.) Certain restrictions imposed on the Funds by the Code
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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may limit the Funds
’
ability to use swap agreements. (See the
“
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes
”
section of this SAI.) The swaps
market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect a Fund
’
s ability to
terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Certain swap agreements are exempt from most provisions of the CEA and, therefore, are not regulated as futures or commodity option transactions under the CEA, pursuant to regulations of the CFTC. To qualify for this exemption, a swap agreement must be entered into by eligible participants and must meet certain conditions (each pursuant to the CEA and regulations of the CFTC). However, recent CFTC rule amendments dictate that certain swap agreements be considered commodity interests for purposes of the CEA. (See
“
Commodity
Interests
”
in this section of the SAI for additional information regarding
the implications of investments being considered commodity interests under the CEA.)
Recently, the SEC and the CFTC have developed and finalized rules under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act to create a new, comprehensive regulatory framework for swap transactions. Under the new regulations, certain swap transactions will be required to be executed on a regulated trading platform and cleared through a derivatives clearing organization. Additionally, the new regulations impose other requirements on the parties entering into swap transactions, including requirements relating to posting margin, and reporting and documenting swap transactions. A Fund engaging in swap transactions may incur additional expenses as a result of these new regulatory requirements. The Adviser is continuing to monitor the implementation of the new regulations and to assess their impact on the Funds.
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Credit Default Swap Agreements
|
|
|
Each Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements. The
“
buyer
”
in a credit default contract is obligated to pay the
“
seller
”
a
periodic, stream of payments over the term of the contract provided
no event of default has occurred. In the event of default, the seller
must pay the buyer the
“
par value
”
(full notional value) of the
reference obligation in exchange for the reference obligation (typically
emerging market debt). A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in
the transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no event of default occurs,
the Fund loses its investment and recovers nothing; however, if an
event of default occurs, the Fund receives full notional value for a
reference obligation that may have little or no value. As a seller, a
Fund receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the
contract, which typically is between six months and three years,
provided there is no default event; if an event of default occurs, the
Fund must pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference
obligation. The value of the reference obligation received by the Fund
as a seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received,
may be less than the full notional value the Fund pays to the buyer,
resulting in a loss of value to the Fund.
If a Fund sells credit default swaps, to the extent required by
applicable law and regulation the Fund will specifically designate on
its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-
investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered
and marked to market daily, equal to the notional value of the
reference obligation.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
|
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|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit default swaps involve greater risks than if the fund had invested in the reference obligation directly. In addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risks. A Fund will enter into swap agreements only with counterparties deemed creditworthy by the Fund
’
s subadviser.
|
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Equity Securities
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The Funds may invest in equity securities. Equity securities include
common stocks, preferred stocks and preference stocks; securities
such as bonds, warrants or rights that are convertible into stocks; and
depositary receipts for those securities.
Common stockholders are the owners of the company issuing the
stock and, accordingly, usually have the right to vote on various
corporate governance matters such as mergers. They are not
creditors of the company, but rather, in the event of liquidation of the
company, would be entitled to their pro rata shares of the company
’
s
assets after creditors (including fixed income security holders) and, if
applicable, preferred stockholders are paid. Preferred stock is a class
of stock having a preference over common stock as to dividends or
upon liquidation. A preferred stockholder is a shareholder in the
company and not a creditor of the company as is a holder of the
company
’
s fixed income securities. Dividends paid to common and
preferred stockholders are distributions of the earnings or other
surplus of the company and not interest payments, which are
expenses of the company. Equity securities owned by the Fund may
be traded in the over-the-counter market or on a securities exchange
and may not be traded every day or in the volume typical of securities
traded on a major U.S. national securities exchange. As a result,
disposition by the Fund of a portfolio security to meet redemptions by
shareholders or otherwise may require the Fund to sell the security at
less than the reported value of the security, to sell during periods
when disposition is not desirable, or to make many small sales over a
lengthy period of time. The market value of all securities, including
equity securities, is based upon the market
’
s perception of value and
not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measure
of a company
’
s worth.
Stock values may fluctuate in response to the activities of an
individual company or in response to general market and/or economic
conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-
term returns and have entailed greater short- term risks than other
types of securities. Smaller or newer issuers may be more likely to
realize more substantial growth or suffer more significant losses.
Investments in these companies can be both more volatile and more
speculative. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a
Fund invests will cause the NAV of the Fund to fluctuate.
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Securities of Small and Mid Capitalization Companies
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While small and medium-sized issuers in which a Fund invests may offer greater opportunities for capital appreciation than larger market capitalization issuers, investments in such companies may involve greater risks and thus may be considered speculative. For example, smaller companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In addition, many small and mid-capitalization company stocks trade less frequently and in smaller volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements, than stocks of larger companies. The securities of small and mid-capitalization companies may also be more sensitive to market changes than the
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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securities of larger companies. When a Fund invests in small or mid-capitalization companies, these factors may result in above-average fluctuations in the NAV of the Fund
’
s shares. Therefore, a Fund
investing in such securities should be considered as a long-term investment and not as a vehicle for seeking short-term profits. Similarly, an investment in a Fund investing solely in such securities should not be considered a complete investment program.
Market capitalizations of companies in which the Funds invest are determined at the time of purchase.
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Unseasoned Companies
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As a matter of operating policy, each Fund may invest to a limited extent in securities of unseasoned companies and new issues. The Adviser regards a company as unseasoned when, for example, it is relatively new to, or not yet well established in, its primary line of business. Such companies generally are smaller and younger than companies whose shares are traded on the major stock exchanges. Accordingly, their shares are often traded over-the-counter and their share prices may be more volatile than those of larger, exchange-listed companies. Generally, the Fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one company with a record of fewer than three years
’
continuous operation (including that of
predecessors).
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Foreign Investing
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The Funds may invest in a broad range of securities of foreign
issuers, including equity, debt and convertible securities and foreign
government securities. The Funds may purchase the securities of
issuers from various countries, including countries commonly referred
to as
“
emerging markets.
”
The Funds may also invest in domestic
securities denominated in foreign currencies.
Investing in the securities of foreign companies involves special risks
and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S.
companies. These include differences in accounting, auditing and
financial reporting standards, generally higher commission rates on
foreign portfolio transactions, the possibility of expropriation or
confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange
control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S.
investments in foreign countries, and potential restrictions on the flow
of international capital. Additionally, dividends payable on foreign
securities may be subject to foreign taxes withheld prior to
distribution. Foreign securities often trade with less frequency and
volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater
price volatility. Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value
of those securities which are denominated or quoted in currencies
other than the U.S. dollar. Many of the foreign securities held by a
Fund will not be registered with, nor will the issuers thereof be subject
to the reporting requirements of, the SEC. Accordingly, there may be
less publicly available information about the securities and about the
foreign company or government issuing them than is available about
a domestic company or government entity. Moreover, individual
foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United
States economy in such respects as growth of Gross National
Product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-
sufficiency and balance of payment positions. Finally, the Funds may
encounter difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against
issuers of foreign securities.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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Securities of U.S. issuers denominated in foreign currencies may be
less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities issued by
domestic issuers and denominated in U.S. dollars. In addition,
investing in securities denominated in foreign currencies often entails
costs not associated with investment in U.S. dollar-denominated
securities of U.S. issuers, such as the cost of converting foreign
currency to U.S. dollars, higher brokerage commissions, custodial
expenses and other fees. Non-U.S. dollar denominated securities may
be subject to certain withholding and other taxes of the relevant
jurisdiction, which may reduce the yield on the securities to the Funds
and which may not be recoverable by the Funds or their investors.
The Trust may use an eligible foreign custodian in connection with its
purchases of foreign securities and may maintain cash and cash
equivalents in the care of a foreign custodian. The amount of cash or
cash equivalents maintained in the care of eligible foreign custodians
will be limited to an amount reasonably necessary to effect the Trust
’
s
foreign securities transactions. The use of a foreign custodian invokes
considerations which are not ordinarily associated with domestic
custodians. These considerations include the possibility of
expropriations, restricted access to books and records of the foreign
custodian, inability to recover assets that are lost while under the
control of the foreign custodian, and the impact of political, social or
diplomatic developments.
Settlement procedures relating to the Funds
’
investments in foreign
securities and to the Funds
’
foreign currency exchange transactions
may be more complex than settlements with respect to investments in
debt or equity securities of U.S. issuers, and may involve certain risks
not present in the Funds
’
domestic investments. For example,
settlement of transactions involving foreign securities or foreign
currency may occur within a foreign country, and a Fund may be
required to accept or make delivery of the underlying securities or
currency in conformity with any applicable U.S. or foreign restrictions
or regulations, and may be required to pay any fees, taxes or charges
associated with such delivery. Such investments may also involve the
risk that an entity involved in the settlement may not meet its
obligations. Settlement procedures in many foreign countries are less
established than those in the United States, and some foreign country
settlement periods can be significantly longer than those in the United
States.
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Depositary Receipts
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Each Fund permitted to hold foreign securities may also hold ADRs,
ADSs, GDRs and EDRs. ADRs and ADSs typically are issued by an
American bank or trust company and evidence ownership of
underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. EDRs, which
are sometimes referred to as CDRs, are issued in Europe typically by
foreign banks and trust companies and evidence ownership of either
foreign or domestic securities. GDRs are similar to EDRs and are
designed for use in several international financial markets. Generally,
ADRs and ADSs in registered form are designed for use in United
States securities markets and EDRs in bearer form are designed for
use in European securities markets. For purposes of a Fund
’
s
investment policies, its investments in ADRs, ADSs, GDRs and EDRs
will be deemed to be investments in the underlying foreign securities.
Depositary Receipts may be issued pursuant to sponsored or
unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made
arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of Depositary
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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Receipts. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts. For purposes of the Fund
’
s investment policies, investments in Depositary
Receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. Thus, a Depositary Receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.
Depositary Receipts are generally subject to the same sort of risks as direct investments in a foreign country, such as currency risk, political and economic risk, and market risk, because their values generally depend on the performance of a foreign security denominated in its home currency. (The risks of foreign investing are addressed above in this section of the SAI under the heading
“
Foreign Investing.
”
) In
addition to risks associated with the underlying portfolio of securities, receipt holders also must consider credit standings of the custodians and broker/dealer sponsors. The receipts are not registered with the SEC and qualify as Rule 144A securities which may make them more difficult and costly to sell. (For information about Rule 144A securities, see
“
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
”
in this section of the SAI.)
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Emerging Market Securities
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The Funds may invest in countries or regions with relatively low gross
national product per capita compared to the world
’
s major economies,
and in countries or regions with the potential for rapid economic
growth (emerging markets). Emerging markets will include any
country: (i) having an
“
emerging stock market
”
as defined by the
International Finance Corporation; (ii) with low-to-middle-income
economies according to the World Bank; (iii) listed in World Bank
publications as developing; or (iv) determined by the adviser to be an
emerging market as defined above.
Certain emerging market countries are either comparatively
underdeveloped or are in the process of becoming developed and
may consequently be economically dependent on a relatively few or
closely interdependent industries. A high proportion of the securities
of many emerging market issuers may also be held by a limited
number of large investors trading significant blocks of securities.
While a Fund
’
s subadviser will strive to be sensitive to publicized
reversals of economic conditions, political unrest and adverse
changes in trading status, unanticipated political and social
developments may affect the values of the Fund
’
s investments in such
countries and the availability of additional investments in such
countries.
The risks of investing in foreign securities may be intensified in the
case of investments in emerging markets. Securities of many issuers
in emerging markets may be less liquid and more volatile than
securities of comparable domestic issuers. Emerging markets also
have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain
markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to
keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it
difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result
in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of a Fund is
uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of a Fund to
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of portfolio securities or, if a Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, in possible liability to the purchaser. Securities prices in emerging markets can be significantly more volatile than in the more developed nations of the world, reflecting the greater uncertainties of investing in less established markets and economies. In particular, countries with emerging markets may have relatively unstable governments, present the risk of nationalization of businesses, restrictions on foreign ownership, or prohibitions of repatriation of assets, and may have less protection of property rights than more developed countries.
Certain emerging markets may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, a country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances, whether because deterioration occurs in an emerging market
’
s balance of
payments or for other reasons. The Funds could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Funds of any restrictions on investments.
Investments in certain foreign emerging market debt obligations may be restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times preclude investment in certain foreign emerging market debt obligations and increase the expenses of the Funds.
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Foreign Currency Transactions
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|
When investing in securities denominated in foreign currencies, the
Funds will be subject to the additional risk of currency fluctuations. An
adverse change in the value of a particular foreign currency as
against the U.S. dollar, to the extent that such change is not offset by
a gain in other foreign currencies, will result in a decrease in the
Fund
’
s assets. Any such change may also have the effect of
decreasing or limiting the income available for distribution. Foreign
currencies may be affected by revaluation, adverse political and
economic developments, and governmental restrictions. No
assurance can be given that currency exchange controls will not be
imposed on any particular currency at a later date.
As a result of its investments in foreign securities, a Fund may receive
interest or dividend payments, or the proceeds of the sale or
redemption of such securities, in the foreign currencies in which such
securities are denominated. In that event, the Fund may convert such
currencies into dollars at the then current exchange rate. Under
certain circumstances, however, such as where the Fund
’
s
subadviser believes that the applicable rate is unfavorable at the time
the currencies are received or the Fund
’
s subadviser anticipates, for
any other reason, that the exchange rate will improve, the Fund may
hold such currencies for an indefinite period of time.
In addition, a Fund may be required to receive delivery of the foreign
currency underlying forward foreign currency contracts it has entered
into. This could occur, for example, if an option written by the Fund is
exercised or the Fund is unable to close out a forward contract. A
Fund may hold foreign currency in anticipation of purchasing foreign
securities.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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A Fund may also elect to take delivery of the currencies
’
underlying
options or forward contracts if, in the judgment of the Fund
’
s
subadviser, it is in the best interest of the Fund to do so. In such
instances as well, the Fund may convert the foreign currencies to
dollars at the then current exchange rate, or may hold such currencies
for an indefinite period of time.
While the holding of currencies will permit a Fund to take advantage of
favorable movements in the applicable exchange rate, it also exposes
the Fund to risk of loss if such rates move in a direction adverse to the
Fund
’
s position. Such losses could reduce any profits or increase any
losses sustained by the Fund from the sale or redemption of
securities, and could reduce the dollar value of interest or dividend
payments received. In addition, the holding of currencies could
adversely affect the Fund
’
s profit or loss on currency options or
forward contracts, as well as its hedging strategies.
When a Fund effects foreign currency exchange transactions on a
spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign
exchange market, the Fund incurs expenses in converting assets
from one currency to another. A Fund may also effect other types of
foreign currency exchange transactions, which have their own risks
and costs. For information about such transactions, please see
“
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, Futures and Options
”
under
“
Derivatives
”
in this section of the SAI.
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Foreign Investment Companies
|
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|
Some of the countries in which the Funds may invest may not permit, or may place economic restrictions on, direct investment by outside investors. Investments in such countries may be permitted only through foreign government-approved or -authorized investment vehicles, which may include other investment companies. These funds may also invest in other investment companies that invest in foreign securities. Investing through such vehicles may involve frequent or layered fees or expenses and may also be subject to limitation under the 1940 Act. As a shareholder of another investment company, the Fund would bear, along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of the other investment company
’
s expenses, including
advisory fees. Those expenses would be in addition to the advisory and other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations. For additional information, see
“
Mutual Fund
Investing
”
in this section of the SAI.
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Privatizations
|
|
|
The governments of some foreign countries have been engaged in programs of selling part or all of their stakes in government owned or controlled enterprises (
“
privatizations
”
). Privatizations may offer
opportunities for significant capital appreciation. In certain foreign countries, the ability of foreign entities such as the Funds to participate in privatizations may be limited by local law, or the terms on which a Fund may be permitted to participate may be less advantageous than those for local investors. There can be no assurance that foreign governments will continue to sell companies currently owned or controlled by them or that privatization programs will be successful.
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Funding Agreements
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|
Each Fund may invest in funding agreements, which are insurance contracts between an investor and the issuing insurance company. For the issuer, they represent senior obligations under an insurance product. For the investor, and from a regulatory perspective, these agreements are treated as securities. These agreements, like other
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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insurance products, are backed by claims on the general assets of the issuing entity and rank on the same priority level as other policy holder claims. Funding agreements typically are issued with a one-year final maturity and a variable interest rate, which may adjust weekly, monthly, or quarterly. Some agreements carry a seven-day put feature. A funding agreement without this feature is considered illiquid and will therefore be subject to the Funds
’
limitations on investments
in illiquid securities. (See
“
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
”
in this
section of the SAI.) Funding agreements are regulated by the state insurance board of the state where they are executed.
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Guaranteed Investment Contracts
|
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|
Each Fund may invest in GICs issued by U.S. and Canadian insurance companies. A GIC requires the investor to make cash contributions to a deposit fund of an insurance company
’
s general
account. The insurance company then makes payments to the investor based on negotiated, floating or fixed interest rates. A GIC is a general obligation of the issuing insurance company and not a separate account. The purchase price paid for a GIC becomes part of the general assets of the insurance company, and the contract is paid from the insurance company
’
s general assets. Generally, a GIC is not
assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance company, and an active secondary market in GICs does not currently exist. Therefore, these investments may be deemed to be illiquid, in which case they will be subject to the Funds
’
limitations
on investments in illiquid securities. (See
“
Illiquid and Restricted
Securities
”
in this section of the SAI.)
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Illiquid and Restricted Securities
|
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Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are
considered illiquid. Historically, illiquid securities have included
securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale
because they have not been registered under the 1933 Act (
“
restricted
securities
”
), securities that are otherwise not readily marketable, such
as over-the-counter options, and repurchase agreements not entitling
the holder to payment of principal in seven days. Such securities may
offer higher yields than comparable publicly traded securities, and
they also may incur higher risks.
Repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and time
deposits that do not provide for payment to the Fund within seven
days after notice or which have a term greater than seven days are
deemed illiquid securities for this purpose unless such securities are
variable amount master demand notes with maturities of nine months
or less or unless the Fund
’
s subadviser has determined that an
adequate trading market exists for such securities or that market
quotations are readily available.
The Funds may purchase Rule 144A securities sold to institutional
investors without registration under the 1933 Act and commercial
paper issued in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(2) of the
1933 Act, for which an institutional market has developed. Institutional
investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the
unregistered security can be readily resold or on the issuer
’
s ability to
honor a demand for repayment of the unregistered security.
Although the securities described in this section generally will be
considered illiquid, a security
’
s contractual or legal restrictions on
resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be
indicative of the liquidity of the security and therefore these securities
may be determined to be liquid in accordance with guidelines
established by the Trust
’
s Board of Trustees. The Trustees have
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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delegated to each Fund
’
s subadviser the day-to-day determination of
the liquidity of such securities in the respective Fund
’
s portfolio,
although they have retained oversight and ultimate responsibility for
such determinations. Although no definite quality criteria are used, the
Trustees have directed the subadvisers to consider such factors as (i)
the nature of the market for a security (including the institutional
private resale markets); (ii) the terms of these securities or other
instruments allowing for the disposition to a third party or the issuer
thereof (e.g. certain repurchase obligations and demand instruments);
(iii) and availability of market quotations; and (iv) other permissible
factors. The Trustees monitor implementation of the guidelines on a
periodic basis.
If illiquid securities exceed 15% of a Fund
’
s net assets after the time
of purchase, the Fund will take steps to reduce in an orderly fashion its
holdings of illiquid securities. Because illiquid securities may not be
readily marketable, the relevant Fund
’
s subadviser may not be able to
dispose of them in a timely manner. As a result, the Fund may be
forced to hold illiquid securities while their price depreciates.
Depreciation in the price of illiquid securities may cause the NAV of
the Fund holding them to decline. A security that is determined by a
Fund
’
s subadviser to be liquid may subsequently revert to being
illiquid if not enough buyer interest exists.
Restricted securities ordinarily can be sold by the Fund in secondary
market transactions to certain qualified investors pursuant to rules
established by the SEC, in privately negotiated transactions to a
limited number of purchasers or in a public offering made pursuant to
an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act. When
registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of
the registration expenses and a considerable time may elapse
between the decision to sell and the sale date. If, during such period,
adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a
less favorable price than the price which prevailed when it decided to
sell.
Restricted securities will be priced at fair value as determined in good
faith by the Trustees or their delegate.
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Investment in a Subsidiary by Alternative Total Solution Fund and Potential Investment in a Subsidiary by Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
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Alternative Total Solution Fund will invest up to 25% of its total assets
in the shares of its wholly owned and controlled Subsidiary.
Investments in its Subsidiary are expected to provide the Fund with
exposure to the commodity markets within the limitations of
Subchapter M of the Code and recent IRS rulings, as discussed below
under "Dividends, Distributions and Taxes-Tax Treatment of
Commodity-Linked Swaps and Structured Notes." The Subsidiary is
managed by VAIA and subadvised by the Fund's portfolio managers
from Graham, and has the same investment objective as Alternative
Total Solution Fund. The Subsidiary may invest without limitation in
commodity interests. The Subsidiary is otherwise subject to the same
fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment
restrictions as its Fund, including the timing and method of the
valuation of the Subsidiary's portfolio investments and shares of the
Subsidiary. The Subsidiary is managed pursuant to compliance
policies and procedures that are the same, in all material respects, as
the policies and procedures adopted by its Fund. The Subsidiary is a
company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and is
overseen by its own board of directors. The Fund is the sole
shareholder of its Subsidiary, and it is not currently expected that
shares of the Subsidiary will be sold or offered to other investors.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
|
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Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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|
|
By investing in its Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the
risks associated with the Subsidiary's investments. The derivatives
and other investments held by the Subsidiary are subject to the same
risks that would apply to similar investments if held directly by the
Fund. Although the Fund may enter into commodity-linked derivative
instruments directly, the Fund will likely gain exposure to these
derivative instruments indirectly by investing in its Subsidiary. To the
extent that a portfolio manager believes that these commodity-linked
derivative instruments are better suited to provide exposure to the
commodities market than commodity index-linked notes, the Fund's
investment in its Subsidiary will likely increase. The Subsidiary may
also invest in fixed income instruments, some of which are intended to
serve as margin or collateral for the Subsidiary's derivatives positions.
Subject to its investment management agreement with the Subsidiary,
VAIA selects subadvisers for the Subsidiary who are also subadvisers
to the Fund, allocates Subsidiary assets among subadvisers,
oversees the subadvisers and evaluates their performance results.
The Subsidiary's subadvisers select the individual portfolio securities
for the assets assigned to them. Neither VAIA nor the subadvisers
receive any additional compensation for doing so. VAIA and each
subadviser to a Subsidiary comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act
relating to investment advisory contracts as an investment adviser to
the applicable Fund.
The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act, and, although the
Subsidiary is subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and
certain other investment restrictions as its Fund, the Subsidiary is not
subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. However, the
Fund wholly owns and controls its Subsidiary, and the Fund and its
Subsidiary are managed by VAIA, making it unlikely that the
Subsidiary will take action contrary to the interests of its Fund and the
Fund's shareholders. The Trust's Board of Trustees has oversight
responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including the
Fund's investment in its Subsidiary, and the Fund's role as sole
shareholder of its Subsidiary. Changes in the laws of the United
States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the
Fund and/or its Subsidiary to operate as described in the Prospectus
and this SAI, and could adversely affect the Fund. For example, the
Cayman Islands does not currently impose any income, corporate or
capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding
tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that the
Subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands taxes, Fund shareholders would
likely suffer decreased investment returns.
As of the date of this SAI, the Alternative Inflation Solution Fund does
not invest in a Subsidiary. However, in the future the Alternative
Inflation Solution Fund may elect to do so. If that occurs, the
description and risks in the above paragraphs relating to investment in
a Subsidiary for the Alternative Total Solution Fund will also apply to
the Alternative Inflation Solution Fund, except that the assets of the
Alternative Inflation Solutions Fund's Subsidiary would be managed
by that Fund's portfolio managers at Credit Suisse.
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Leverage
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Each Fund may employ investment techniques that create leverage,
either by using borrowed capital to increase the amount invested, or
investing in instruments, including derivatives, where the investment
loss can exceed the original amount invested. Certain investments or
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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trading strategies that involve leverage can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
The SEC takes the position that transactions that have a leveraging effect on the capital structure of a mutual fund or are economically equivalent to borrowing can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing by the fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. These transactions can include buying and selling certain derivatives (such as futures contracts); selling (or writing) put and call options; engaging in sale-buybacks; entering into firm-commitment and stand-by commitment agreements; engaging in when-issued, delayed-delivery, or forward-commitment transactions; and other similar trading practices (additional discussion about a number of these transactions can be found throughout this section of the SAI). As a result, when a Fund enters into such transactions the transactions may be subject to the same requirements and restrictions as borrowing. (See “
Borrowing
”
below for additional information.)
The following are some of the Funds
’
permitted investment
techniques that are generally viewed as creating leverage for the Funds.
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Borrowing
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A Fund
’
s ability to borrow money is limited by its investment policies
and limitations, by the 1940 Act, and by applicable exemptions, no-action letters, interpretations, and other pronouncements issued from time to time by the SEC and its staff or any other regulatory authority with jurisdiction. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund
’
s total assets made for temporary or emergency purposes. Any
borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund
’
s total
assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or for other reasons, a Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.
Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund
’
s portfolio. Money
borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. A Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
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Mortgage
“
Dollar-
Roll
”
Transactions
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Each Fund may enter into mortgage
“
dollar-roll
”
transactions pursuant
to which it sells mortgage-backed securities for delivery in the future and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the mortgage-backed securities. The Fund is compensated for the lost interest by the difference between the current sales price and the lower price for the future purchase (often referred to as the
“
drop
”
) as well as by the
interest earned on, and gains from, the investment of the cash proceeds of the initial sale. The Fund may also be compensated by receipt of a commitment fee. If the income and capital gains from the
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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Fund
’
s investment of the cash from the initial sale do not exceed the
income, capital appreciation and gain or loss that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the dollar roll, the use of this technique will diminish the investment performance of the Fund compared with what the performance would have been without the use of the dollar roll.
Dollar-roll transactions involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is required to purchase may decline below the agreed upon repurchase price of those securities. If the broker/dealer to whom the Fund sells securities becomes insolvent, the Fund
’
s right
to purchase or repurchase securities may be restricted. Successful use of dollar rolls may depend upon the Fund
’
s subadviser
’
s ability to
correctly predict interest rates and prepayments. There is no assurance that dollar rolls can be successfully employed.
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Reverse Repurchase Agreements
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Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund
sells a security and simultaneously commits to repurchase that
security from the buyer, such as a bank or broker-dealer, at an agreed
upon price on an agreed upon future date. The resale price in a
reverse repurchase agreement reflects a market rate of interest that is
not related to the coupon rate or maturity of the sold security. For
certain demand agreements, there is no agreed upon repurchase
date and interest payments are calculated daily, often based upon the
prevailing overnight repurchase rate.
Generally, a reverse repurchase agreement enables the Fund to
recover for the term of the reverse repurchase agreement all or most
of the cash invested in the portfolio securities sold and to keep the
interest income associated with those portfolio securities. Such
transactions are only advantageous if the interest cost to the Fund of
the reverse repurchase transaction is less than the cost of obtaining
the cash otherwise. In addition, interest costs on the money received
in a reverse repurchase agreement may exceed the return received
on the investments made by the Fund with those monies. Using
reverse repurchase agreements to earn additional income involves
the risk that the interest earned on the invested proceeds is less than
the expense of the reverse repurchase agreement transaction.
While a reverse repurchase agreement is outstanding, the Fund will
maintain cash and appropriate liquid assets in a segregated custodial
account to cover its obligation under the agreement. A Fund will enter
into reverse repurchase agreements only with parties that the Fund
’
s
subadviser deems creditworthy.
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Master Limited Partnerships
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An investment in MLP units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. Holders of MLP units have limited control on matters affecting the partnership. Conflicts of interest exist between common unit holders and the general partner, including those arising from incentive distribution payments. MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. MLPs that concentrate in a particular industry or a particular geographic region are subject to risks associated with such industry or region. The fees that MLPs charge for transportation of oil and gas products through their pipelines are subject to government regulation, which could negatively impact the revenue stream. Investing in MLPs also involves certain risks related to investing in the underlying assets of the MLPs and risks associated with pooled investment vehicles. These include the risk of environmental incidents, terrorist attacks,
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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demand destruction from high commodity prices, proliferation of alternative energy sources, inadequate supply of external capital, and conflicts of interest with the general partner. There are also certain tax risks associated with investment in MLPs. The benefit derived from a Fund
’
s investment in MLPs is somewhat dependent on the MLP being
treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, so any change to this status would adversely affect the price of MLP units. Historically, a substantial portion of the gross taxable income of MLPs has been offset by tax losses and deductions reducing gross income received by investors, and any change to these tax rules would adversely affect the price of an MLP unit. Certain MLPs may trade less frequently than other securities, and those with limited trading volumes may display volatile or erratic price movements.
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Money Market Instruments
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Each Fund may invest in money market instruments, which are high-quality short-term investments. The types of money market instruments most commonly acquired by the Funds are discussed below, although each Fund is also permitted to invest in other types of money market instruments to the extent consistent with the Fund
’
s
investment limitations and restrictions.
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Bankers
’
Acceptances
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A bankers
’
acceptance is a time draft drawn on a commercial bank by
a borrower usually in connection with an international commercial transaction (to finance the import, export, transfer or storage of goods). The borrower, as well as the bank, is liable for payment, and the bank unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date. Most acceptances have maturities of six months or less and are traded in secondary markets prior to maturity.
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Certificates of Deposit
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Certificates of deposit are generally short-term, interest-bearing negotiable certificates issued by banks or savings and loan associations against funds deposited in the issuing institution. They generally may be withdrawn on demand but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which could reduce the Fund
’
s yield. Deposits
subject to early withdrawal penalties or that mature in more than seven days are treated as illiquid securities if there is no readily available market for the securities.
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Commercial Paper
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Commercial paper refers to short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations to finance short-term credit needs. Commercial paper is usually sold on a discount basis and has a maturity at the time of issuance not exceeding nine months.
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Obligations of Foreign Banks and Foreign Branches of U.S. Banks
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The money market instruments in which the Funds may invest include negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers
’
acceptances and time
deposits of foreign branches of U.S. banks, foreign banks and their non-U.S. branches (Eurodollars), U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks (Yankee dollars), and wholly-owned banking-related subsidiaries of foreign banks. For the purposes of each Fund
’
s
investment policies with respect to money market instruments, obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and of foreign banks are obligations of the issuing bank and may be general obligations of the parent bank. Such obligations, however, may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by government regulation. As with investment in non-U.S. securities in general, investments in the obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and of foreign banks may subject a Fund to investment risks that are different in some respects from those of investments in obligations of domestic issuers.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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Time Deposits
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Time deposits are deposits in a bank or other financial institution for a specified period of time at a fixed interest rate for which a negotiable certificate is not received.
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U.S. Government Obligations
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Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States Government include a variety of Treasury securities, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. Treasury bills have maturities of one year or less. Treasury notes have maturities of one to ten years, and Treasury bonds generally have maturities of greater than ten years.
Agencies of the United States Government which issue or guarantee obligations include, among others, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Housing Administration, GNMA, Maritime Administration, Small Business Administration and The Tennessee Valley Authority. Obligations of instrumentalities of the United States Government include securities issued or guaranteed by, among others, FNMA, Federal Home Loan Banks, FHLMC, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Banks for Cooperatives, and the U.S. Postal Service. Some of these securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury, while still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. There is no guarantee that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities, now or in the future, if it is not obligated to do so by law. Accordingly, although these securities have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity, they may involve more risk than securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government because the Fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the securities for repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States if the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment.
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Mutual Fund Investing
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Each Fund is authorized to invest in the securities of other investment
companies subject to the limitations contained in the 1940 Act.
Investment companies in which the Fund may invest may include
ETFs. An ETF is an investment company classified as an open-end
investment company or unit investment trust that is traded similarly to
a publicly traded company. Most ETFs seek to achieve the same
return as a particular market index. That type of ETF is similar to an
index fund in that it will primarily invest in the securities of companies
that are included in a selected market index. An index-based ETF will
invest in either all of the securities or a representative sample of the
securities included in the index. Other types of ETFs include
leveraged or inverse ETFs, which are ETFs that seek to achieve a
daily return that is a multiple or an inverse multiple of the daily return
of a securities index. An important characteristic of these ETFs is that
they seek to achieve their stated objectives on a daily basis, and their
performance over longer periods of time can differ significantly from
the multiple or inverse multiple of the index performance over those
longer periods of time. ETFs also include actively managed ETFs that
pursue active management strategies and publish their portfolio
holdings on a daily basis.
In connection with the management of its daily cash positions, each
Fund may invest in securities issued by investment companies that
invest in short-term debt securities (which may include municipal
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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obligations that are exempt from Federal income taxes) and that seek
to maintain a $1.00 NAV per share.
In certain countries, investments by the Funds may only be made
through investments in other investment companies that, in turn, are
authorized to invest in the securities that are issued in such countries.
(See
“
Foreign Investment Companies
”
under
“
Foreign Investing
”
in
this section of the SAI.)
Under the 1940 Act, a Fund may not own more than 3% of the
outstanding voting stock of an investment company, invest more than
5% of its total assets in any one investment company, or invest more
than 10% of its total assets in the securities of investment companies.
In some instances, a Fund may invest in an investment company in
excess of these limits; for instance, with respect to investments in
money market funds or investments made pursuant to an exemptive
order granted by the SEC. Many ETFs have obtained exemptive relief
from the SEC to permit unaffiliated funds to invest in the ETF
’
s shares
beyond the statutory limitations discussed above, subject to certain
conditions. The Funds may rely on these exemptive orders to invest in
unaffiliated ETFs. In addition to this, the Trust has obtained exemptive
relief permitting the Funds to exceed the limitations with respect to
investments in affiliated and unaffiliated funds that are not themselves
funds of funds, subject to certain conditions.
The risks associated with investing in other investment companies
generally reflect the risks of owning shares of the underlying securities
in which those investment companies invest, although lack of liquidity
in an investment company could result in its value being more volatile
than the underlying portfolio of securities. For purposes of complying
with investment policies requiring a Fund to invest a percentage of its
assets in a certain type of investments (e.g., stocks of small
capitalization companies), the Fund generally will look through an
investment company in which it invests, to categorize the investment
company in accordance with the types of investments the investment
company holds.
Certain investment companies in which the Funds may invest may be
considered commodity pools under the CEA and applicable CFTC
regulations. If a Fund invests in such an investment company, the
Fund will be required to treat some or all of its holding of the
investment company
’
s shares as a commodity interest for the
purposes of determining whether the Fund is qualified to claim
exclusion or exemption from regulation by the CFTC. (See
“
Commodity Interests
”
in this section of the SAI for additional
information regarding the implications to the Funds of investing in
commodity interests.)
Investors in each Fund should recognize that when a Fund invests in
another investment company, the Fund will bear its pro rata portion of
the other investment company
’
s expenses, including advisory fees, in
addition to the expenses the Fund bears directly in connection with its
own operations.
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Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
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Each Fund may invest in REITs. REITs pool investors
’
funds for
investment primarily in income producing commercial real estate or
real estate related loans. A REIT is not taxed on income distributed to
shareholders if it complies with several requirements relating to its
organization, ownership, assets, and income and a requirement that it
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its taxable income (other
than net capital gains) for each taxable year.
REITs can generally be classified as follows:
•
Equity REITs, which invest the majority of their assets directly in
real property and derive their income primarily from rents. Equity
REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that
have appreciated in value.
•
Mortgage REITs, which invest the majority of their assets in real
estate mortgages and derive their income primarily from interest
payments.
•
Hybrid REITs, which combine the characteristics of both equity
REITs and mortgage REITs.
REITs are like closed-end investment companies in that they are
essentially holding companies. An investor should realize that by
investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, he will bear not only his
proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly,
similar expenses of the underlying REITs. (See
“
Mutual Fund
Investing
”
in this section of the SAI.)
Selecting REITs requires an evaluation of the merits of each type of
asset a particular REIT owns, as well as regional and local
economics. Due to the proliferation of REITs in recent years and the
relative lack of sophistication of certain REIT managers, the quality of
REIT assets has varied significantly. The risks associated with REITs
are similar to those associated with the direct ownership of real estate.
These include declines in the value of real estate, risks related to
general and local economic conditions, dependence on management
skill, cash flow dependence, possible lack of availability of long-term
mortgage funds, over-building, extended vacancies of properties,
decreased occupancy rates and increased competition, increases in
property taxes and operating expenses, changes in neighborhood
values and the appeal of the properties to tenants and changes in
interest rates.
Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the
underlying properties they own, while mortgage REITs may be
affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, equity and
mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and
generally are not diversified. Equity and mortgage REITs are also
subject to potential defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the
possibility of failing to qualify for tax-free status of income under the
Code and failing to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act. In the
event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience
delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur
substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. In
addition, investment in REITs could cause the Fund to possibly fail to
qualify as a regulated investment company. (See the
“
Dividends,
Distributions and Taxes
”
section of the SAI.)
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Repurchase Agreements
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|
Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements by which the Fund
purchases portfolio securities subject to the seller
’
s agreement to
repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon time and price. The
repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the
difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase
price may be the same, with interest payable to the Fund at a stated
rate together with the repurchase price on repurchase. In either case,
the income to the Fund is unrelated to the interest rate on the security.
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Repurchase agreements of more than seven days
’
duration are subject to each Fund
’
s limitation
on investments in illiquid securities, which means that no more than 15% of the
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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A repurchase agreement must be collateralized by obligations that
could otherwise be purchased by the Fund (except with respect to
maturity), and these must be maintained by the seller in a segregated
account for the Fund. The value of such collateral will be monitored
throughout the term of the repurchase agreement in an attempt to
ensure that the market value of the collateral always equals or
exceeds the repurchase price (including accrued interest). If the value
of the collateral dips below such repurchase price, additional collateral
will be requested and, when received, added to the account to
maintain full collateralization.
Repurchase agreements will be entered into with commercial banks,
brokers and dealers considered by the relevant Fund
’
s subadviser to
be creditworthy. However, the use of repurchase agreements involves
certain risks such as default by, or insolvency of, the other party to the
transaction. The Fund also might incur disposition costs in connection
with liquidating the underlying securities or enforcing its rights.
Typically, repurchase agreements are in effect for one week or less,
but they may be in effect for longer periods of time.
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market value of a Fund
’
s total assets
may be invested in repurchase agreements with a maturity of more than seven days and in other illiquid securities.
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Securities Lending
|
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|
Subject to certain investment restrictions, each Fund may, subject to
the Trustees
’
and Trust Treasurer
’
s approval, lend securities from its
portfolio to brokers, dealers and financial institutions deemed
creditworthy and receive, as collateral, cash or cash equivalents
which at all times while the loan is outstanding will be maintained in
amounts equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the
loaned securities. Any cash collateral will be invested in short-term
securities that will increase the current income of the Fund lending its
securities. A Fund will have the right to regain record ownership of
loaned securities to exercise beneficial rights such as voting rights
and subscription rights. While a securities loan is outstanding, the
Fund is to receive an amount equal to any dividends, interest or other
distributions with respect to the loaned securities. A Fund may pay
reasonable fees to persons unaffiliated with the Trust for services in
arranging such loans.
Even though securities lending usually does not impose market risks
on the lending Fund, as with any extension of credit, there are risks of
delay in recovery of the loaned securities and in some cases loss of
rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail
financially. In addition, the value of the collateral taken as security for
the securities loaned may decline in value or may be difficult to
convert to cash in the event that a Fund must rely on the collateral to
recover the value of the securities. Moreover, if the borrower of the
securities is insolvent, under current bankruptcy law, the Fund could
be ordered by a court not to liquidate the collateral for an
indeterminate period of time. If the borrower is the subject of
insolvency proceedings and the collateral held might not be liquidated,
the result could be a material adverse impact on the liquidity of the
lending Fund.
No Fund will lend securities having a value in excess of 33 1/3% of its
assets, including collateral received for loaned securities (valued at
the time of any loan).
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Short Sales
|
|
|
Each Fund may sell securities short as part of its overall portfolio
management strategies involving the use of derivative instruments
and to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities. A
short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
|
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Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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|
own or have the right to acquire, or that it owns but does not wish to deliver, in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. A short sale is
“
against the box
”
to the extent the Fund
contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. All other short sales are commonly referred to as
“
naked
”
short sales.
When a Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund covers its short position, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
If a Fund sells securities short against the box, it may protect unrealized gains, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises. If a Fund engages in naked short sales, the Fund
’
s risk of loss could be as much as the maximum attainable price
of the security (which could be limitless) less the price paid by the Fund for the security at the time it was borrowed.
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Special Situations
|
|
|
Each Fund may invest in special situations that the Fund
’
s subadviser
believes present opportunities for capital growth. Such situations most typically include corporate restructurings, mergers, and tender offers.
A special situation arises when, in the opinion of the Fund
’
s
subadviser, the securities of a particular company will, within a reasonably estimable period of time, be accorded market recognition at an appreciated value solely by reason of a development particularly or uniquely applicable to that company and regardless of general business conditions or movements of the market as a whole. Developments creating special situations might include, among others, the following: liquidations, reorganizations, recapitalizations, mergers, or tender offers; material litigation or resolution thereof; technological breakthroughs; and new management or management policies. Although large and well-known companies may be involved, special situations often involve much greater risk than is inherent in ordinary investment securities.
|
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Temporary Investments
|
|
|
When business or financial conditions warrant, each Fund may assume a temporary defensive position by investing in money-market instruments, including obligations of the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities, obligations of foreign sovereigns, other debt securities, commercial paper including bank obligations, certificates of deposit (including Eurodollar certificates of deposit) and repurchase agreements. (See
“
Money Market Instruments
”
in this
section of the SAI for more information about these types of investments.)
For temporary defensive purposes, during periods in which a Fund
’
s
subadviser believes adverse changes in economic, financial or political conditions make it advisable, the Fund may reduce its
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Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
holdings in equity and other securities and may invest up to 100% of its assets in certain short-term (less than twelve months to maturity) and medium-term (not greater than five years to maturity) debt securities and in cash (U.S. dollars, foreign currencies, or multicurrency units). The short-term and medium-term debt securities in which a Fund may invest for temporary defensive purposes will be those that the Fund
’
s subadviser believes to be of high quality (i.e.,
subject to relatively low risk of loss of interest or principal). If rated, these securities will be rated in one of the three highest rating categories by rating services such as Moody
’
s or S&P (i.e., rated at
least A).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants or Rights to Purchase Securities
|
|
|
Each Fund may invest in or acquire warrants or rights to purchase
equity or fixed income securities at a specified price during a specific
period of time. A Fund will make such investments only if the
underlying securities are deemed appropriate by the Fund
’
s
subadviser for inclusion in the Fund
’
s portfolio. Included are warrants
and rights whose underlying securities are not traded on principal
domestic or foreign exchanges. Warrants and stock rights are almost
identical to call options in their nature, use and effect except that they
are issued by the issuer of the underlying security, rather than an
option writer, and they generally have longer expiration dates than call
options. (See
“
Options
”
in this section of the SAI for information about
call options.)
Bonds with warrants attached to purchase equity securities have
many characteristics of convertible bonds and their prices may, to
some degree, reflect the performance of the underlying stock.
However, unlike convertible securities and preferred stocks, warrants
do not pay a fixed dividend. Bonds also may be issued with warrants
attached to purchase additional fixed income securities at the same
coupon rate. A decline in interest rates would permit a Fund holding
such warrants to buy additional bonds at the favorable rate or to sell
the warrants at a profit. If interest rates rise, the warrants would
generally expire with no value.
A Fund may purchase put warrants and call warrants whose values
vary depending on the change in the value of one or more specified
securities indices (
“
index warrants
”
). Index warrants are generally
issued by banks or other financial institutions and give the holder the
right, at any time during the term of the warrant, to receive upon
exercise of the warrant a cash payment from the issuer based on the
value of the underlying index at the time of exercise. In general, if the
value of the underlying index rises above the exercise price of the
index warrant, the holder of a call warrant will be entitled to receive a
cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference
between the value of the index and the exercise price of the warrant; if
the value of the underlying index falls, the holder of a put warrant will
be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise
based on the difference between the exercise price of the warrant and
the value of the index. The holder of a warrant would not be entitled to
any payments from the issuer at any time when, in the case of a call
warrant, the exercise price is greater than the value of the underlying
index or, in the case of a put warrant, the exercise price is less than
the value of the underlying index. If a Fund were not to exercise an
index warrant prior to its expiration, then the Fund would lose the
amount of the purchase price paid by it for the warrant.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
A Fund will normally use index warrants in a manner similar to its use of options on securities indices. The risks of the Fund
’
s use of index
warrants are generally similar to those relating to its use of index options. (See
“
Options
”
in this section of the SAI for information about
index options.) Unlike most index options, however, index warrants are issued in limited amounts and are not obligations of a regulated clearing agency, but are backed only by the credit of the bank or other institution which issues the warrant. Also, index warrants generally have longer terms than index options. Although a Fund will normally invest only in exchange-listed warrants, index warrants are not likely to be as liquid as certain index options backed by a recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of index warrants may limit a Fund
’
s ability to exercise the warrants at such time, or in such
quantities, as the Fund would otherwise wish to do.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions
|
|
|
Each Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued or forward
commitment basis. These transactions are also known as delayed
delivery transactions. (The phrase
“
delayed delivery
”
is not intended
to include purchases where a delay in delivery involves only a brief
period required by the selling party solely to locate appropriate
certificates and prepare them for submission for clearance and
settlement in the customary way.) Delayed delivery transactions
involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a
future date (ordinarily up to 90 days later). The price of the underlying
securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the
securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed
at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and
forward commitments are negotiated directly with the selling party.
When-issued purchases and forward commitments enable the Fund
to lock in what is believed to be an attractive price or yield on a
particular security for a period of time, regardless of future changes in
interest rates. For example, in periods of rising interest rates and
falling bond prices, the Fund might sell debt securities it owns on a
forward commitment basis to limit its exposure to falling prices. In
periods of falling interest rates and rising prices, the Fund might sell
securities it owns and purchase the same or similar securities on a
when-issued or forward commitment basis, thereby obtaining the
benefit of currently higher yields. The Fund will not enter into such
transactions for the purpose of leverage.
The value of securities purchased on a when-issued or forward
commitment basis and any subsequent fluctuations in their value will
be reflected in the Fund
’
s NAV starting on the first business day after
the date of the agreement to purchase the securities. The Fund will be
subject to the rights and risks of ownership of the securities on the
agreement date. However, the Fund will not earn interest on securities
it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and received. A
seller
’
s failure to deliver securities to the Fund could prevent the Fund
from realizing a price or yield considered to be advantageous and
could cause the Fund to incur expenses associated with unwinding
the transaction.
When a Fund makes a forward commitment to sell securities it owns,
the proceeds to be received upon settlement will be included in the
Fund
’
s assets. Fluctuations in the market value of the underlying
securities will not be reflected in the Fund
’
s NAV as long as the
commitment to sell remains in effect. Settlement of when-issued
purchases and forward commitment transactions generally takes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Technique
|
|
|
Description and Risks
|
|
|
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
place up to 90 days after the date of the transaction, but the Fund may agree to a longer settlement period.
The Funds will make commitments to purchase securities on a when-issued basis or to purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into. A Fund also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions.
When a Fund purchases securities on a when-issued or forward-commitment basis, the Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records securities having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Fund
’
s purchase commitments.
These procedures are designed to ensure that each Fund will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued purchases and forward commitments.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
|
|
Length of Time Served
|
|
|
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen
by Trustee
|
|
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
|
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Mann, Thomas F. YOB: 1950
|
|
|
Since
2013
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
Managing Director and Group Head Financial Institutions Group (2003 to 2012), Societe Generale Sales of Capital Market Solutions and Products.
|
|
|
Founder, MannMaxx Management; Trustee (since 2002), The Hatteras Funds (16 portfolios); Trustee (since 2012), Virtus Closed-End Funds (3 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (4 portfolios).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
|
|
Length of Time Served
|
|
|
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen
by Trustee
|
|
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
|
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
McLoughlin, Philip Chairman YOB: 1946
|
|
|
Since
2013
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
Partner (2006 to 2012), Cross Pond Partners, LLC (strategy consulting firm); and Managing Director (2009 to 2010), SeaCap Asset Management Fund I, L.P. and SeaCap Partners, LLC (investment management).
|
|
|
Director (since 1991) and Chairman (since 2010), World Trust Fund; Director (since 1995), closed-end funds managed by Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co. (4 portfolios); Chairman (since 2002) and Trustee (since 1989), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (48 portfolios); Chairman and Trustee (since 2003), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Trustee and Chairman (since 2011), Virtus Closed-End Funds (3 portfolios); Trustee and Chairman (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (4 portfolios); and Director (1985 to 2009), Argo Group International Holdings Inc. and its predecessor, PXRE Corporation (insurance).
|
|
|
|
Moyer, William R. YOB: 1944
|
|
|
Since
2013
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
Financial and Operations Principal (2006 to present), Newcastle Distributors LLC (broker dealer); Partner (2006 to 2012), CrossPond Partners, LLC (strategy consulting firm);
|
|
|
Trustee (since 2012), Virtus Closed-End Funds (3 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (4 portfolios).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner (2008 to 2010), Seacap Partners, LLC (investment management); and former Chief Financial Officer, Phoenix Investment Partners.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oates, James M. YOB: 1946
|
|
|
Since
2013
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
Managing Director (since 1994), Wydown Group (consulting firm).
|
|
|
Director (since 1996), Stifel Financial; Director (since 1998), Connecticut River Bancorp; Chairman and Director (since 1999), Connecticut River Bank; Chairman (since 2000), Emerson Investment Management, Inc.; Director (since 2002), New Hampshire Trust Company; Chairman and Trustee (since 2005), John Hancock Fund Complex (234 portfolios); Non-Executive Chairman (2007 to 2011), Hudson Castle Group, Inc. (formerly IBEX Capital Markets, Inc.) (financial services); Trustee (since 1987), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (48 portfolios); Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Closed-End Funds (3 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (4 portfolios).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
|
|
Length of Time Served
|
|
|
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee
|
|
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
|
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Aylward, George R. YOB: 1964
|
|
|
Since
2013
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2008), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; and various senior officer positions with Virtus affiliates (since 2005).
|
|
|
Trustee (since 2006), Virtus Mutual Funds (48 portfolios); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2006), The Zweig Closed-End Funds (2 portfolios); Trustee (since 2012), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Trustee and President (since 2011), Virtus Closed-End Funds (3 portfolios); Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds, PLC (2 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (4 portfolios).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Address and Year of Birth
|
|
|
Position(s) Held with the Trust and Length of Time Served
|
|
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Bradley, W. Patrick YOB: 1972
|
|
|
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since 2013
|
|
|
Senior Vice President, Fund Services (since 2010), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various officer positions (since 2006) with Virtus affiliates; Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2011 to 2013), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2004), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2011 to 2013), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2006), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2012 to 2013) and Treasurer (Chief Financial Officer) (since 2007), The Zweig Closed-End Funds; Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2011 to 2013), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2011), Virtus Closed-End Funds; Vice President and Assistant Treasurer (since 2011), Duff & Phelps Global Utility Income Fund Inc.; Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds, PLC; and Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust.
|
|
|
|
Engberg, Nancy J. YOB: 1956
|
|
|
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer since 2013
|
|
|
Vice President (since 2008) and Chief Compliance Officer (2008 to 2011), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various officer positions (since 2003) with Virtus affiliates; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Vice President (since 2010), Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Closed-End Funds; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2012), The Zweig Closed-End Funds; and Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust.
|
|
|
|
Fromm, Jennifer YOB: 1973
|
|
|
Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, and Secretary since 2013
|
|
|
Senior Counsel, Legal, Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries (since 2007); Assistant Secretary of various Virtus-affiliated open-end funds (since 2008); Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, and Secretary of Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (since 2013); and Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, and Secretary since 2013.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Address and Year of Birth
|
|
|
Position(s) Held with the Trust and Length of Time Served
|
|
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Waltman, Francis G. YOB: 1962
|
|
|
Executive Vice President since 2013
|
|
|
Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various senior officer positions (since 2006) with Virtus affiliates; Executive Vice President (since 2013), Senior Vice President (2008 to 2013), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Executive Vice President (since 2013), Senior Vice President (2010 to 2013), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Executive Vice President (since 2013), Senior Vice President (2011 to 2013), Virtus Closed-End Funds; Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds PLC; and Executive Vice President (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Independent Trustees
|
|
|
Aggregate Compensation from the Trust
|
|
|
Total Compensation From Trust and Fund Complex Paid to Trustees
|
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Thomas F. Mann
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Philip R. McLoughlin
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
William R. Moyer
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
James M. Oates
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interested Trustee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
George R. Aylward
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Advisory Fee
|
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
1st $5 billion
|
|
|
$5+ billion
|
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
1.80%
|
|
|
1.75%
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
1.75%
|
|
|
1.70%
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
1.95%
|
|
|
1.90%
|
|
|
|
Long/Short Equity Fund
|
|
|
[xx%]
|
|
|
[xx%]
|
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
[xx%]
|
|
|
[xx%]
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
0.80%
|
|
|
0.75%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Class A
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
|
Class I
|
|
|
Class R6
|
|
|
Through Date
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
2.45
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.20
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.20
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
April 30, 2015
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
2.40
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.15
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.15
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
April 30, 2015
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
2.60
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.35
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.35
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.35
|
%
|
|
|
|
April 30, 2015
|
|
|
|
Long/Short Fund
|
|
|
|
|
[xx
|
%]
|
|
|
|
|
|
[xx
|
%]
|
|
|
|
|
|
[xx
|
%]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
February 28, 2017
|
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
|
|
[xx
|
%]
|
|
|
|
|
|
[xx
|
%]
|
|
|
|
|
|
[xx
|
%]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
February 28, 2017
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
|
1.40
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.15
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.15
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
February 29, 2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a Percentage of Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a Percentage of Amount Invested
|
|
|
Dealer Discount as a Percentage of Offering Price
|
|
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Under $50,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.75%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.90%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.25%
|
|
|
|
|
|
$50,000 but under $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.63
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
$100,000 but under $250,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.36
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
$250,000 but under $500,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
$500,000 but under $1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.78
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
$1,000,000 or more
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as Percentage of Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as Percentage of Net Amount Invested
|
|
|
Dealer Discount or Agency Fee as Percentage of Offering Price
|
|
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Less than $50,000
|
|
|
|
|
5.75%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.10%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.00%
|
|
|
|
|
|
$50,000 but under $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
4.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.99
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
$100,000 but under $250,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
$250,000 but under $500,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.83
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
$500,000 but under $1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
$1,000,000 or more
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
(s)
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Kathleen Barchick
Eric Conklin
Stanley Kraska
Andrew Lacey
Joe Lu
Donald E. Morgan III
Stephen Nesbitt
Keith Pauley
Peter Reed
Patrick Ryan
Nathan Sandler
David Steinberg
Daniel Stern
Kyle Waldhauer
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Kathleen Barchick
John Brynjolfsson
Christopher Burton
Eric Conklin
Stanley Kraska
Nelson Louie
Stephen Nesbitt
Donald E. Morgan III
Keith Pauley
Daniel Stern
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
(s)
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Jeffrey Altman
Kathleen Barchick
John Brynjolfsson
Pablo Calderini
Eric Conklin
Malcolm Fairbairn
Stanley Kraska
Daniel Krueger
Jeffrey Lee
Joe Lu
Donald E. Morgan III
Stephen Nesbitt
Keith Pauley
Peter Reed
Sean Reynolds
Warryn Robertson
Nathan Sandler
David Steinberg
Daniel Stern
Kenneth G. Tropin
|
|
|
|
Long/Short Equity Fund
|
|
|
John F. Brennan, Jr.
|
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
[tbd]
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
David L. Albrycht, CFA
Francesco Ossino
Jonathan R. Stanley, CFA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles (PIVs)
|
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
|
David L. Albrycht
*
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$11.62 billion
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$20 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Jeffrey Altman
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Kathleen Barchick
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles (PIVs)
|
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
|
John F. Brennan, Jr.
|
|
|
[xx]
|
|
|
$[xx]
|
|
|
[xx]
|
|
|
$[xx]
|
|
|
[xx]
|
|
|
$[xx]
|
|
|
|
John Brynjolfsson
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$666 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$132 million
|
|
|
|
Christopher Burton
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
$5.92 billion
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
$2.63 billion
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
$2.07 billion
|
|
|
|
Pablo Calderini
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$59 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Eric Conklin
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$800 million
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
$3 billion
|
|
|
|
Malcolm Fairbairn
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Stanley Kraska
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$54 million
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
$8 billion
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
$1.50 billion
|
|
|
|
Daniel Krueger
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Andrew Lacey
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
$2.37 billion
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$1.33 billion
|
|
|
177
|
|
|
$7.09 billion
|
|
|
|
Jeffrey Lee
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Nelson Louie
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
$5.92 billion
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
$2.63 billion
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
$2.07 billion
|
|
|
|
Joe Lu
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Donald E. Morgan III
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$1.01 billion
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$3.32 billion
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
$5.47 billion
|
|
|
|
John Mulquiney
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$1.01 billion
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
$1.36 billion
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$1.77 billion
|
|
|
|
Stephen Nesbitt
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Francesco Ossino
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$1.1 billion
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$5 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Keith Pauley
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$54 million
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
$8 billion
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
$1.50 billion
|
|
|
|
Peter Reed
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Sean Reynolds
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$7 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Warryn Robertson
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$1.01 billion
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$1.57 billion
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
$4.21 billion
|
|
|
|
Amy Robinson
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$9.30 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Patrick Ryan
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$368 million
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$724 million
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
$2.61 billion
|
|
|
|
Nathan Sandler
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$299 million
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$116 million
|
|
|
|
Jonathan R. Stanley
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$243 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
David Steinberg
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Daniel Stern
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Kenneth G. Tropin
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$58.5 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Kyle Waldhauer
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$368 million
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$724 million
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
$2.61 billion
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles (PIVs)
|
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
|
David L. Albrycht
*
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Jeffrey Altman
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$3.76 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Kathleen Barchick
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
John F. Brennan, Jr.
|
|
|
[xx]
|
|
|
$[xx]
|
|
|
[xx]
|
|
|
$[xx]
|
|
|
[xx]
|
|
|
$[xx]
|
|
|
|
John Brynjolfsson
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$123 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Christopher Burton
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$39 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Pablo Calderini
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
$5.09 billion
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
$2.02 million
|
|
|
|
Eric Conklin
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$15 million
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$325 million
|
|
|
|
Malcolm Fairbairn
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
$2.36 billion
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$615 million
|
|
|
|
Stanley Kraska
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$127 million
|
|
|
|
Daniel Krueger
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
$3.37 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Andrew Lacey
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$7.90 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$413 milllion
|
|
|
|
Jeffrey Lee
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$3.71 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Nelson Louie
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$39 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Joe Lu
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
$1.27 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Donald E. Morgan III
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
$5.60 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
John Mulquiney
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles (PIVs)
|
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
|
Stephen Nesbitt
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Francesco Ossino
*
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$71 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$483 million
|
|
|
|
Keith Pauley
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$127 million
|
|
|
|
Peter Reed
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
$1.27 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Sean Reynolds
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
$731 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Warryn Robertson
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$1.51 billion
|
|
|
|
Amy Robinson
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$2.90 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Patrick Ryan
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Nathan Sandler
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$2.8 billion
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$448 million
|
|
|
|
Jonathan R. Stanley
*
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
David Steinberg
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
$1.27 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Daniel Stern
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
Kenneth G. Tropin
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
$5.09 billion
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
$2.02 billion
|
|
|
|
Kyle Waldhauer
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Performance Benchmark
|
|
|
Peer Group (Lipper Universe Average)
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
BofA ML U.S. Dollar Three-Month LIBOR Constant Maturity Index
|
|
|
Lipper Alternative Credit Focus
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Shareholder
|
|
|
Fund and Class
|
|
|
Percentage of Class (%)
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
[to be updated by amendment]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
Item 28. Exhibits
| (a) | Agreement and Declaration of Trust. |
| 1. | Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant dated December 3, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| (b) | Bylaws. |
| 1. | Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant dated December 3, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit b.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| (c) | Reference is made to Articles III, V and VI of Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Articles II, VII and VIII of Registrant’s By-Laws. See Exhibits (a) and (b). |
| (d) | Investment Advisory Contracts. |
| 1. | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc. (“VAIA”) effective February 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| a) | First Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and VAIA effective September 8, 2014, filed via EDGAR with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| b) | Second Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and VAIA effective [ ], 2015, to be filed by amendment. |
| 2. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Armored Wolf, LLC (“Armored Wolf”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.2) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 3. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Ascend Capital LLC (“Ascend”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.3) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 4. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Brigade Capital Management, LLC (“Brigade”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 5. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Cliffwater with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.5) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 6. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC (“Credit Suisse”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.6) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 7. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Graham Capital Management, L.P. (“GCM”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.7) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 5 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 8. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Harvest Fund Advisors LLC (“Harvest”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.7) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 9. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and ICE Canyon LLC (“ICE Canyon”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.9) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 5 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 10. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and LaSalle Investment Management Securities, LLC (“LaSalle”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.10) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 11. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Lazard Asset Management LLC (“Lazard”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.11) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 12. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and MAST Capital Management, LLC (“MAST”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.12) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 13. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Owl Creek Asset Management, L.P. with respect to Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.13) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 14. | Investment Advisory Agreement between VAIA and VATS Offshore Fund, Ltd. (“VATS”) filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.14) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 5 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 15. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Cliffwater with respect to VATS filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.15) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 5 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 16. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and GCM with respect to VATS filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.16) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 5 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 17. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Newfleet Asset Management, LLC (“Newfleet”) with respect to Virtus Strategic Income Fund filed via EDGAR with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 18. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and the subadviser to Virtus Long/Short Fund to be filed by amendment. |
| 19. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and the subadviser to Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund to be filed by amendment. |
| (e) | Underwriting Agreement |
| 1. | Underwriting Agreement with VP Distributors, LLC (“VP Distributors”) dated February 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit e.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 2. | Form of Sales Agreement between VP Distributors and dealers (April 1, 2014), filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit e.2) with Post-effective Amendment No. 99 to the Registration Statement of Virtus Equity Trust (“VET”) (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| (f) | None. |
| (g) | Custodian Agreement |
| 1. | Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated March 21, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| a) | Amendment to Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of August 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| b) | Second Amendment to Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon effective [ ], 2015, to be filed by amendment. |
| 2. | Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.2) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| a) | Amendment to Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of August 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.2.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| b) | Second Amendment to Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon effective [ ], 2015, to be filed by amendment. |
| (h) | Other Material Contracts |
| 1. | Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and Virtus Fund Services, LLC (“Virtus Fund Services”) effective February 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 2. | Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among VET, Virtus Insight Trust (“VIT”), Virtus Opportunities Trust (“VOT”), VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (“BNY Mellon”), dated April 15, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.6) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 27, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| a) | Adoption and Amendment Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.b) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| b) | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon effective August 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.. |
| c) | *Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon effective November 12, 2014, filed herewith. |
| d) | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon effective [ ], 2015, to be filed by amendment. |
| 3. | Administration Agreement between the Registrant and Virtus Fund Services effective February 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) First Amendment to Administration Agreement between the Registrant and Virtus Fund Services effective September 8, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.
| 4. | Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.5) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on February 25, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| a) | First Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated June 30, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.13.) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| b) | Second Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated September 14, 2010 filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.14.) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| c) | Third Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated March 15, 2011 filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.15.) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| d) | Fourth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated August 28, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.d) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| e) | Fifth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated December 18, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.e) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| f) | Sixth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated June 10, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to the Registration Statement of VOT (File No. 033-65137) on June 10, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| g) | Seventh Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated December 18, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.g) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to the Registration Statement of VOT (File No. 033-65137) on January 27, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| h) | Joinder Agreement and Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (“VVIT”), VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon dated February 24, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.h) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| i) | *Amended Exhibit B to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, VVIT, VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated November 17, 2014, filed via EDGAR herewith. |
| j) | Amended Exhibit B to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, VVIT, VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, effective [ ], 2015, to be filed by amendment. |
| 5. | Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and VAIA, effective September 8, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.5) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 6. | Form of Indemnification Agreement with each trustee of Registrant, effective as of December 5, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.6) with Post-effective Amendment No. 7 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on November 19, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| (i) | Legal Opinion |
| 1. | Opinion of Counsel as to legality of the shares filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit i.1) with Post-effective Amendment No. 7 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on November 19, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| (j) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit j) with Post-effective Amendment No. 7 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on November 19, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| (k) | Not applicable. |
| (l) | Not applicable. |
| (m) | Rule 12b-1 Plans. |
| 1. | Class A Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) Amendment No. 1 to Class A Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.1.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.
| 2. | Class C Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.2) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333- 191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) Amendment No. 1 to Class C Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.2.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.
| (n) | Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit n) with Post-effective Amendment No. 7 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on November 19, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| (o) | Reserved |
| (p) | Code of Ethics |
| 1. | Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of the Registrant and other Virtus Funds dated March 25, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 2. | Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of VAIA, VP Distributors, Cliffwater, Newfleet and other Virtus Affiliates dated July 1, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.2) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 3. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Armored Wolf effective April 1, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.3) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 4. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Ascend dated March 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.4) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 5. | *Code of Ethics of subadviser Brigade (as Exhibit p.5) effective September, 2014, filed herewith. |
| 6. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Credit Suisse filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.6) with Post-effective Amendment No. 7 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on November 19, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 7. | Code of Ethics of subadviser GCM effective July 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.7) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 8. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Harvest dated August 9, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.8) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 9. | Code of Ethics of subadviser ICE Canyon dated February 10, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.9) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 10. | *Code of Ethics of subadviser LaSalle effective April 7, 2014, filed herewith. |
| 11. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Lazard dated September 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.11) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 12. | Code of Ethics of subadviser MAST filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.12) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| 13. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Owl Creek dated March 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.13) with Post-effective Amendment No. 7 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on November 19, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| (q) | Power of Attorney for all Trustees, dated February 10, 2014, filed via EDGAR with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on February 10, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
_____________________
*Filed Herewith
Item 29. Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with the Fund
None.
Item 30. Indemnification
The indemnification of Registrant’s principal underwriter against certain losses is provided for in Section 18 of the Underwriting Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit e.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on March 28, 2014. Indemnification of Registrant’s Custodian is provided for in section 9.9 of the Custody Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit g.1 of the Registration Statement filed on March 28, 2014. The indemnification of Registrant’s Transfer Agent is provided for, in Article 6 of the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit h.1 of the Registration Statement filed on March 28, 2014. The Trust has entered into Indemnification Agreements with each trustee effective as of December 5, 2013, the form of which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit h.6 to Registration Statement filed on November 19, 2014, whereby the Registrant shall indemnify the trustee for expenses incurred in any proceeding in connection with the trustee’s service to the Registrant subject to certain limited exceptions.
In addition, Article VII sections 2 and 3 of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit a.1 of the Registration Statement filed on March 28, 2014, provides in relevant part as follows:
“A Trustee, when acting in such capacity, shall not be personally liable to any Person, other than the Trust or a Shareholder to the extent provided in this Article VII, for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust, of such Trustee or of any other Trustee. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, Manager or Principal Underwriter of the Trust. The Trust (i) may indemnify an agent of the Trust or any Person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as an agent of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise and (ii) shall indemnify each Person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust and any Person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as a director, officer, trustee, or employee of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise, in the case of (i) and (ii), to the fullest extent consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and in the manner provided in the By-Laws; provided that such indemnification shall not be available to any of the foregoing Persons in connection with a claim, suit or other proceeding by any such Person against the Trust or a Series (or Class) thereof.
All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust or the Trustees shall look only to the assets of the appropriate Series (or Class thereof if the Trustees have included a Class limitation on liability in the agreement with such person as provided below), or, if the Trustees have yet to establish Series, of the Trust for payment under such credit, contract or claim; and neither the Trustees nor the Shareholders, nor any of the Trust’s officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees by any of them in connection with the Trust shall conclusively be deemed to have been executed or done only in or with respect to his or their capacity as Trustee or Trustees, and such Trustee or Trustees shall not be personally liable thereon. …
… A Trustee shall be liable to the Trust and to any Shareholder solely for her or his own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust, and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice nor for failing to follow such advice.”
In addition, Article III section 7 of such Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides for the indemnification of shareholders of the Registrant as follows: “If any Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be exposed to liability by reason of a claim or demand relating to such Person being or having been a Shareholder, and not because of such Person's acts or omissions, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or such Person's heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled to be held harmless from and indemnified out of the assets of the Trust against all cost and expense reasonably incurred in connection with such claim or demand, but only out of the assets held with respect to the particular Series of Shares of which such Person is or was a Shareholder and from or in relation to which such liability arose. The Trust may, at its option and shall, upon request by the Shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against the Shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets held with respect to the particular series.”
Article VIII Section 2 of the Registrant’s Bylaws incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit b.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on March 28, 2014, provides in relevant part, subject to certain exceptions and limitations, “every agent shall be indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against all liabilities and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any proceeding in which he or she becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been an agent.” Such indemnification would not apply in the case of any liability to which the Registrant would otherwise be subject by reason of or for willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of such person’s duties.
The Investment Advisory Agreement, Subadvisory Agreements, Foreign Custody Manager Agreement, Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement and Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement, as amended, respectively provide that the Registrant will indemnify the other party (or parties, as the case may be) to the agreement for certain losses. Similar indemnities to those listed above may appear in other agreements to which the Registrant is a party.
The Registrant, in conjunction with VAIA, the Registrant’s Trustees, and other registered investment management companies managed by VAIA or its affiliates, maintains insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee, or agent of the Registrant, or who is or was serving at the request of the Registrant as a trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of another trust or corporation, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by him or arising out of his position. However, in no event will Registrant maintain insurance to indemnify any such person for any act for which the Registrant itself is not permitted to indemnify him.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser and Subadvisers
See “Management of the Funds” in the Prospectus and “Investment Advisory and Other Services” and “Management of the Trust” in the Statement of Additional Information which is included in this Post-Effective Amendment. For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature of directors and officers of the Adviser and Subadvisers, reference is made to the Adviser’s and Subadviser’s current Form ADV filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and incorporated herein by reference.
| Adviser | SEC File No.: |
| VAIA | 801-67924 |
| Armored Wolf | 801-70152 |
| Ascend | 801-65340 |
| Aviva | 801-76637 |
| Brigade | 801-69965 |
| Credit Suisse | 801-37170 |
| GCM | 801-73422 |
| Harvest | 801-71791 |
| ICE Canyon | 801-68298 |
| LaSalle | 801-48201 |
| Lazard | 801-61701 |
| MAST | 801-63090 |
| Newfleet | 801-51559 |
| Owl Creek | 801-66113 |
| Sirios | 801-73570 |
Item 32. Principal Underwriter
| (a) | VP Distributors, LLC serves as the principal underwriter for the following registrants: Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, Virtus Equity Trust, Virtus Insight Trust, Virtus Opportunities Trust and Virtus Variable Insurance Trust. |
| (b) | Directors and executive officers of VP Distributors, 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103, are as follows: |
| (c) | Not applicable. |
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records
Persons maintaining physical possession of accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules promulgated thereunder include:
| Secretary of the Trust: | Principal Underwriter: | |
|
Jennifer Fromm, Esq. 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103 |
VP Distributors, LLC. 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103
|
|
| Administrator and Transfer Agent: | Custodian: | |
|
Virtus Fund Services, LLC 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103
|
The Bank of New York Mellon One Wall Street New York, NY 10286 |
|
| Fund Accountant, Sub-Administrator, Sub-Transfer Agent and Dividend Dispersing Agent: | Investment Adviser: | |
|
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. 301 Bellevue Parkway Wilmington, DE 19809 |
Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc. 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103
|
|
| Subadviser to Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Total Solution Fund: | |
|
Armored Wolf, LLC 18111 Van Karman Avenue, Suite 525 Irvine, CA 92612
|
Ascend Capital LLC 4 Orinda Way, Suite 200 C Orinda, CA 94563 and 50 California Street, Suite 430 San Francisco, CA 94111 |
|
| Subadviser to Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund: | ||
|
Aviva
Investors International, LLC
225 West Wacker Drive, Suite 1750 Chicago, IL 60606 |
| Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Inflation Solution Fund | |
|
Brigade Capital Management, LLC 399 Park Avenue, 16th Floor New York, NY 10022
|
Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC One Madison Avenue New York, NY 10010
|
|
| Subadviser to Alternative Total Solution Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | |
|
Graham Capital Management, L.P. 40 Highland Avenue Rowayton, CT 06853
|
Harvest Fund Advisors LLC 100 West Lancaster Avenue, 2nd Floor Wayne, PA 19087
|
|
| Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | |
|
ICE Canyon LLC 2000 Avenue of the Stars, 11th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90067 |
LaSalle Investment Management Securities, LLC 100 East Pratt Street Baltimore, MD 21202
|
|
| Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | |
|
Lazard Asset Management LLC 30 Rockefeller Plaza, 55th Floor New York, NY 10112
|
MAST Capital Management, LLC 200 Clarendon Street, 51st Floor Boston, MA 02116
|
|
| Subadviser to Strategic Income Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Total Solution Fund: | |
|
Newfleet Asset Management, LLC 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103
|
Owl Creek Asset Management, L.P. 640 Fifth Avenue, 20th Floor New York, NY 10019
|
|
| Subadviser to Long/Short Equity Fund: | ||
|
Sirios
Capital Management, L.P.
One International Place Boston, MA 02110 |
Item 34. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 35. Undertakings
Not applicable.
PART C – OTHER INFORMATION
Exhibit List
| h.2.c | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon effective November 12, 2014 |
| h.4.i | Amended Exhibit B to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, VVIT, VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated November 17, 2014 |
| p.5 | Code of Ethics of subadviser Brigade effective September 2014 |
| p.10 | Code of Ethics of subadviser LaSalle effective April 7, 2014 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this amendment to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Hartford and the State of Connecticut on the 22 nd day of January, 2015.
| VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST | |
| By: | /s/ George R. Aylward |
| George R. Aylward | |
| President | |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this amendment to the registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on the 22 nd day of January, 2015.
| Signature | Title | |
| /s/ George R. Aylward | ||
| George R. Aylward | Trustee and President (principal executive officer) | |
| * | ||
| Thomas F. Mann | Trustee | |
| * | ||
| Philip R. McLoughlin | Trustee and Chairman | |
| * | ||
| William R. Moyer | Trustee | |
| * | ||
| James M. Oates | Trustee | |
| /s/ W. Patrick Bradley | ||
| W. Patrick Bradley |
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(principal financial and accounting officer) |
* Signed pursuant to Power of Attorney
VATS Offshore Fund, Ltd. has duly caused this amendment to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Hartford and the State of Connecticut on the 22 nd day of January, 2015.
| VATS OFFSHORE FUND, LTD. | |
| By: | /s/ George R. Aylward |
| George R. Aylward | |
| President | |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this amendment to the registration statement has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of VATS Offshore Fund, Ltd. in the capacities indicated on the 22 nd day of January, 2015.
| Signature |
Title |
|||
|
/s/ George R. Aylward |
||||
| George R. Aylward | President (principal executive officer) | |||
|
/s/ Francis G. Waltman |
||||
| Francis G. Waltman | Sole Director | |||
|
/s/ W. Patrick Bradley |
||||
| W. Patrick Bradley |
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial and accounting officer) |
|||
Exhibit 99.(h).2.c
EXECUTION COPY
Amendment
To
Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement
This Amendment To Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of November 12, 2014 (" Amendment "), is being entered into by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (" BNYM "), Virtus Fund Services, LLC (" Company ") and each of the " Funds ", which is hereby defined to mean each of the Investment Companies and each Portfolio of such Investment Companies listed on Schedule B to the Amended Agreement (as defined below).
Background
BNYM, certain of the Funds and VP Distributors, Inc., as transfer agent to the Funds, entered into the Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement as of April 15, 2011 (" Original Agreement "). VP Distributors, LLC, the surviving entity in a merger with VP Distributors, Inc. that was effective September 22, 2011, transferred all rights and obligations as transfer agent of the Funds under the Original Agreement to the Company pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2013, among VP Distributors, LLC, the Company, certain of the Funds and BNYM (the Original Agreement as so assigned and amended being the " Assigned Agreement "). BNYM, the Company and the Funds subsequently entered into amendments to the Assigned Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014, June 1, 2014 and August 19, 2014 (the Assigned Agreement as so amended being the " Current Agreement "). BNYM, the Funds and the Company wish to amend the Current Agreement in accordance with the terms of this Amendment.
Terms
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:
1. Modifications to Current Agreement . The Current Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Schedule B and replacing it in its entirety with the Schedule B attached to the Amendment To Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of November 12, 2014, by and among BNYM, the Company and the Funds .
2. Adoption of Amended Agreement by New Fund . The Fund that has been added to Schedule B by virtue of this Amendment acknowledges and agrees that (i) by virtue of its execution of this Amendment, it becomes and is a party to the Current Agreement as amended by this Amendment (" Amended Agreement ") as of the date first written above, or if BNYM commenced providing services to the Fund prior to the date first written above, as of the date BNYM first provided services to the Fund, and (ii) it is bound by all terms and conditions of the Amended Agreement as of such date.
3. Remainder of Current Agreement . Except as specifically modified by this Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Current Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.
4. Governing Law . The governing law of the Current Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment.
5. Entire Agreement . This Amendment constitutes the final, complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Current Agreement.
Page 1
EXECUTION COPY
6. Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment or of executed signature pages to this Amendment by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the day and year first above written.
| BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. | Virtus Equity Trust | |
| Virtus Insight Trust | ||
| Virtus Opportunities Trust | ||
| By: /s/ William Greilich | Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust | |
| On behalf of each Fund in its individual | ||
| Name: William Greilich | and separate capacity, and not on behalf | |
| of any other Fund | ||
| Title: Managing Director | ||
| By: /s/ Amy Hackett | ||
| Virtus Fund Services, LLC | Name: Amy Hackett | |
| By: /s/ W. Patrick Bradley | Title: Vice President & Asst. Treasurer | |
| Name: W. Patrick Bradley | ||
| Title: Sr. Vice President & Chief Financial Officer |
Page 2
EXECUTION COPY
SCHEDULE B
(Dated: November 12, 2014)
THIS SCHEDULE B is Schedule B to that certain Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2011, by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., Virtus Fund Services, LLC (under the name of its predecessor in interest, VP Distributors, Inc.) and the Funds, as further set forth below.
Portfolios
Investment Company : Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
Portfolios :
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund A
Virtus
Alternative Income Solution Fund C
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund I
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund A
Virtus
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund C
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund I
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund A
Virtus
Alternative Total Solution Fund C
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund I
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund R6
(1)
Virtus Strategic Income Fund A
Virtus Strategic Income Fund C
Virtus Strategic Income Fund I
Investment Company : Virtus Equity Trust
Portfolios :
Virtus Balanced Fund A
Virtus
Balanced Fund B
Virtus Balanced Fund C
Virtus Growth & Income
Fund A
Virtus Growth & Income Fund C
Virtus Growth & Income Fund I
Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund A
Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund C
Virtus Mid-Cap Core
Fund I
Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund A
Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund B
Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund C
Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund I
Virtus
Mid-Cap Value Fund A
Virtus Mid-Cap Value Fund C
Virtus Mid-Cap Value Fund I
Virtus Mid-Cap Value Fund R6
(2)
Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund A
Virtus
Quality Large-Cap Value Fund C
Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund I
Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund A
Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund C
Virtus Quality
Small-Cap Fund I
Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund A
Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund C
Page 3
EXECUTION COPY
Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund I
Virtus Small-Cap
Core Fund R6
(2)
Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund A
Virtus
Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund C
Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund I
Virtus Strategic Growth Fund A
Virtus Strategic Growth Fund
B
Virtus Strategic Growth Fund C
Virtus Strategic Growth Fund I
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund A
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund B
Virtus Tactical
Allocation Fund C
Investment Company : Virtus Insight Trust
Portfolios :
Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A
Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund C
Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund I
Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities
Fund R6
(2)
Virtus Insight Government Money Market Fund A
(4)
Virtus Insight Government Money Market Fund I
(4)
Virtus Insight Money Market
Fund A
(4)
Virtus Insight Money Market Fund E
(4)
Virtus Insight Money Market Fund I
(4)
Virtus Insight Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund
A
(4)
Virtus Insight Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund I
(4)
Virtus Low Duration Income Fund A
Virtus Low Duration
Income Fund C
Virtus Low Duration Income Fund I
Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A
Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund C
Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I
Investment Company : Virtus Opportunities Trust
Portfolios :
Virtus Allocator Premium AlphaSector Fund A
Virtus
Allocator Premium AlphaSector Fund C
Virtus Allocator Premium AlphaSector Fund I
Virtus AlphaSector Rotation Fund A
Virtus AlphaSector Rotation Fund C
Virtus AlphaSector
Rotation Fund I
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund A
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund C
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund
I
Virtus Bond Fund A
Virtus Bond Fund B
Virtus Bond Fund C
Virtus Bond Fund I
Virtus CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A
Virtus CA Tax-Exempt
Bond Fund I
Virtus Disciplined Equity Style Fund A
Virtus Disciplined Equity Style Fund C
Virtus Disciplined Equity Style Fund
I
Virtus Disciplined Select Bond Fund A
Virtus Disciplined Select Bond Fund C
Virtus Disciplined Select Bond Fund I
Page 4
EXECUTION COPY
Virtus Disciplined Select Country Fund A
Virtus
Disciplined Select Country Fund C
Virtus Disciplined Select Country Fund I
Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector Fund A
Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector
Fund B
Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector Fund C
Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector Fund I
Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector Fund R6
(2)
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund A
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund C
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund I
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund
A
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund C
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund I
Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund
A
Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund C
Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund I
Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund A
Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund C
Virtus
Foreign Opportunities Fund I
Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund R6
(2)
Virtus Global
Commodities Stock Fund A
Virtus Global Commodities Stock Fund C
Virtus Global Commodities Stock Fund I
Virtus Global Dividend Fund
A
Virtus Global Dividend Fund C
Virtus Global
Dividend Fund I
Virtus Global Opportunities Fund A
Virtus Global Opportunities Fund B
Virtus Global Opportunities Fund C
Virtus
Global Opportunities Fund I
Virtus Global Premium AlphaSector Fund A
Virtus
Global Premium AlphaSector Fund C
Virtus Global Premium AlphaSector Fund I
Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund A
Virtus Global
Real Estate Securities Fund C
Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund I
Virtus Greater Asia ex Japan Opportunities Fund
A
Virtus Greater Asia ex Japan Opportunities Fund C
Virtus Greater Asia ex Japan Opportunities Fund I
Virtus Greater European Opportunities
Fund A
Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund C
Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund I
Virtus Herzfeld Fund A
Virtus Herzfeld Fund C
Virtus Herzfeld Fund I
Virtus
High Yield Fund A
Virtus High Yield Fund B
Virtus High Yield Fund C
Virtus High Yield Fund I
Virtus International Equity
Fund A
Virtus International Equity Fund C
Virtus International Equity Fund I
Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund
A
Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund C
Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund I
Virtus International Small-Cap
Fund A
Virtus International Small-Cap Fund C
Page 5
EXECUTION COPY
Virtus International Small-Cap Fund I
Virtus
International Small-Cap Fund R6
(2)
Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund A
(3)
Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund C
(3)
Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund I
(3)
Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund A
Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund C
Virtus Low Volatility
Equity Fund I
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund
A
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund B
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund C
Virtus
Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund I
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund R6
(2)
Virtus
Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund A
Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund B
Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund C
Virtus
Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund I
Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund T
Virtus Premium AlphaSector Fund A
Virtus Premium AlphaSector Fund C
Virtus Premium
AlphaSector Fund I
Virtus Premium AlphaSector Fund R6
(2)
Virtus Real Estate Securities
Fund A
Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund B
Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund C
Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund I
Virtus Real
Estate Securities Fund R6
(2)
Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund A
Virtus Senior
Floating Rate Fund C
Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund I
Virtus Wealth Masters Fund A
Virtus Wealth Masters Fund C
Virtus Wealth
Masters Fund I
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| (1) | Services expected to commence on or about November 19, 2014 |
| (2) | Services expected to commence on or about November 12, 2014 |
| (3) | Services expected to commence on or about November 17, 2014 |
| (4) | Liquidated, effective October 20, 2014 (will be removed from the next Schedule B) |
Page 6
Exhibit 99.(h).4.i
EXHIBIT B
THIS EXHIBIT B, amended and restated effective as of November 17, 2014, is Exhibit B to that certain Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated as of January 1, 2010, as amended, by and among Virtus Fund Services, LLC, each of the investment companies and the Portfolios listed below and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.
PORTFOLIOS
GROUP A
Virtus Equity Trust
Virtus Balanced Fund
Virtus Growth & Income Fund
Virtus
Mid-Cap Core Fund
Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund
(f/k/a
Virtus Mid-Cap Value Fund)
Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund
Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund
Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund
Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable
Growth Fund
Virtus Strategic Growth Fund
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund
Virtus Insight Trust
Virtus Emerging Markets
Opportunities Fund
Virtus Low Duration Income Fund
Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
Virtus Opportunities Trust
Virtus Bond Fund
Virtus
CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
Virtus Disciplined Equity Style Fund
Virtus Disciplined Select Bond Fund
Virtus Disciplined Select
Country Fund
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund
Virtus Emerging Markets
Small-Cap Fund
Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund
Virtus Global Commodities
Stock Fund
Virtus Global Dividend Fund
Virtus Global Opportunities
Fund
Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund
Virtus International Equity Fund
Virtus Greater Asia ex
Japan Opportunities Fund
Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund
Virtus Herzfeld Fund
Virtus High Yield Fund
Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund
Virtus International
Small Cap Fund
Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate
Bond Fund
Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund
Virtus Real Estate Securities
Fund
Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund
Virtus Wealth Masters Fund
Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund
FUNDS OF FUNDS
Virtus
Alternatives Diversifier Fund
Virtus AlphaSector
®
Rotation Fund
Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector
®
Fund
Virtus Premium AlphaSector
®
Fund
Virtus Allocator Premium
AlphaSector
®
Fund
Virtus Global Premium AlphaSector
®
Fund
GROUP B
VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
Virtus International Series
Virtus
Capital Growth Series
Virtus Small-Cap Growth Series
Virtus Small-Cap Value
Series
Virtus Multi-Sector Fixed Income Series
Virtus
Growth & Income Series
Virtus Strategic Allocation Series
Virtus Real Estate Securities Series
Virtus Premium AlphaSector Series
GROUP C
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
Virtus Alternative Income
Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
VATS Offshore Fund, LTD.
1
Virtus Alternative Inflation
Solution Fund
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
[Signature page follows.]
__________________________________
1
Fees will be included with those fees charged to the
Portfolio that holds the Cayman subsidiary.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this amended and restated Exhibit B to be executed by their officers designated below effective as of the date and year first above written.
BNY MELLON INVESTMENT SERVICING (US) INC.
| By: | /s/ William Greilich | |
| Name: | William Greilich | |
| Title: | Managing Director |
VIRTUS FUND SERVICES, LLC
| By: | /s/ W. Patrick Bradley | |
| Name: | W. Patrick Bradley | |
| Title: | Sr. Vice President & Chief Financial Officer |
VIRTUS MUTUAL FUNDS:
VIRTUS
EQUITY TRUST
VIRTUS INSIGHT TRUST
VIRTUS OPPORTUNITIES TRUST
VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
VATS OFFSHORE FUND, LTD.
Each on behalf of itself and its Portfolios only
| By: | /s/ Amy Hackett | |
| Name: | Amy Hackett | |
| Title: | Vice President & Asst. Treasurer |
Exhibit 99.(p).5
CODE
OF ETHICS (PERSONAL TRADING) &
INSIDER TRADING
code of ethics - PERSONAL TRADING BY BRIGADE CAPITAL AND ITS PERSONNEL
| (1) | Introduction |
High ethical standards are essential for the success of Brigade Capital to maintain the confidence of its Advisory Clients. Brigade Capital’s long-term business interests are best served by adherence to the principle that its Advisory Clients’ interests come first. Brigade Capital has a fiduciary duty to its Advisory Clients, which requires individuals associated with Brigade Capital to act solely for the benefit of the Advisory Clients. Potential conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the personal trading activities of individuals associated with investment advisory firms. In recognition of Brigade Capital’s fiduciary obligations to the Advisory Clients and Brigade Capital’s desire to maintain its high ethical standards, Brigade Capital has adopted this Code of Ethics which it reasonably believes complies with the requirements of Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and the Access Person reporting and preclearance requirements of Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act, containing provisions designed to: (i) prevent improper personal trading by Access Persons; (ii) prevent improper use of material, non-public information about securities recommendations made by Brigade Capital or securities holdings of the Advisory Clients; (iii) identify conflicts of interest; and (iv) provide a means to resolve any actual or potential conflict in favor of the Advisory Client.
Brigade Capital’s goal is to allow its Access Persons to engage in certain, limited personal securities transactions while protecting Brigade Capital, its Advisory Clients and its Access Persons from the conflicts that could result from a violation of the securities laws or from real or apparent conflicts of interest. While it is impossible to define all situations that might pose such a risk, this Code of Ethics is designed to address those circumstances where such risks are likely to arise. It is the personal responsibility of every employee to avoid any conduct that could create a conflict, or even the appearance of a conflict, with the Advisory Clients, or do anything which could damage or erode the trust the Advisory Clients place on Brigade Capital and Brigade Capital’s employees.
Adherence to the Code of Ethics and the related restrictions on personal investing is considered a basic condition of employment for employees and Access Persons of Brigade Capital. If there is any doubt as to the propriety of any activity, employees should consult with the Chief Compliance Officer or his designee. The Chief Compliance Officer is charged with the administration and distribution of this Code of Ethics, has general compliance responsibility for Brigade Capital, and may offer guidance on securities laws and acceptable practices, as the same may change from time to time. The Chief Compliance Officer may rely upon the advice of outside legal counsel or outside compliance consultants.
The Chief Compliance Officer will make the final decision regarding applicability of the Code of Ethics to interns on a case-by-case basis. As a general matter, interns will be considered “Access Persons” for purposes of the Code of Ethics.
Access Persons must acknowledge receipt and understanding of this Code of Ethics on an annual basis. A form of acknowledgement was previously provided at Form 1 . Such forms will generally be completed via ComplianceELF.
| (2) | Applicability of Code of Ethics |
| (a) | Personal Accounts of Access Persons . This Code of Ethics applies to all Personal Accounts of all Access Persons where “Permissible Securities” (as defined in Section 3(d) of this Code of Ethics below) are held and includes any account in which an Access Person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership. A Personal Account also includes an account maintained by or for: |
| · | Access Person's spouse (other than a legally separated or divorced spouse of the Access Person), domestic partner and minor children; |
| · | Any individuals who live in the Access Person's household and over whose purchases, sales, or other trading activities the Access Person exercises control or investment discretion; |
| · | Any persons to whom the Access Person provides primary financial support, and either (i) whose financial affairs the Access Person controls, or (ii) for whom the Access Person provides discretionary advisory services; |
| · | Any trust or other arrangement which names the Access Person as a beneficiary or remainderman; and |
| · | Any partnership, corporation, or other entity of which the Access Person is a director, officer or general partner or in which the Access Person has a 25% or greater beneficial interest, or in which the Access Person owns a controlling interest or exercises effective control; provided, however, that the accounts of the Advisory Clients managed by Brigade Capital are not deemed to be Personal Accounts of an Access Person. |
Upon becoming an Access Person, the Access Person must disclose all Personal Accounts to Brigade Capital’s Chief Compliance Officer through ComplianceELF.
| (a) | Access Person as Trustee . A Personal Account does not include any account for which an Access Person serves as trustee of a trust for the benefit of (i) a person to whom the Access Person does not provide primary financial support, or (ii) an independent third party. |
| (b) | Personal Accounts of Other Access Persons . A Personal Account of an Access Person that is managed by another Access Person is considered to be a Personal Account only of the Access Person who has a Beneficial Ownership in the Personal Account. The account is considered to be a client account with respect to the Access Person managing the Personal Account. |
| (c) | Solicitors/Consultants . Non-employee Solicitors or consultants are not subject to this Code of Ethics unless the Solicitor/consultant, as part of his/her duties on behalf of Brigade Capital, (i) makes or participates in the making of investment recommendations for the Advisory Clients, or (ii) obtains information on recommended investments for the Advisory Clients. |
| (d) | Client Accounts . A client account includes any account managed by Brigade Capital which is not a Personal Account. |
| (3) | Restrictions on Personal Investing Activities |
| (a) | General : It is the responsibility of each Access Person to ensure that a particular securities transaction being considered for his/her Personal Account is not subject to a restriction contained in this Code of Ethics or otherwise prohibited by any applicable laws. Personal securities transactions for Access Persons may be effected only in accordance with the provisions of this Code of Ethics. It should be noted that the Chief Compliance Officer may grant exceptions to certain of the trading restriction described in this Code of Ethics. Such exceptions will be documented and only be permitted if there is no material conflict of interest with the Advisory Clients. |
| (b) | Restriction on Excessive Trading . Access Persons shall not engage in “day trading” or any type of “excessive” trading that would be contrary to the best interests of Brigade Capital’s Advisory Clients and Investors. For these purposes, Access Persons shall not engage in more than 30 transactions 1 (i.e., buys and sells) across his/her Personal Account(s) during a particular calendar quarter. Such trading restriction is subject to limited exception for extenuating circumstances (e.g., financial hardship), as determined in the sole discretion of the Chief Compliance Officer and Managing Member. All trading is subject to the review of the Chief Compliance Officer or his designee on at least a quarterly basis. |
| (c) | Prohibition of Trading with or against Advisory Clients : It should be noted that the Chief Compliance Officer does not generally intend to permit Access Persons to execute transactions in the types of securities that the Advisory Clients typically invest in. The Advisory Clients typically hold securities of domestic and international leveraged companies, debt or debt-like obligations rated below investment grade by one or more of the major rating agencies, or securities trading at yields comparable to the high yield market and high yield issuers. It should be noted, however, that Access Persons may be permitted to invest in exchange-traded or open-ended funds that invest in the debt markets, subject to the pre-clearance requirements described in Paragraph (f) below. |
| (d) | General Permissible Securities Transactions (“Permissible Securities”) : Access Persons will generally be permitted to engage in certain, limited personal securities transactions (certain of which require pre-clearance) in the following Permissible Securities: |
| I. | Permissible Securities that Do Not Require Pre-Clearance : |
| (i) | Direct obligations of the Government of the United States; |
| (ii) | Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; |
| (iii) | Shares issued by money market funds; |
| (iv) | Shares issued by open-end funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, provided that such funds are NOT registered funds managed by Brigade Capital or registered funds whose adviser or principal underwriter controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, Brigade Capital; and |
| (v) | Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more registered open-end funds; provided that such funds are NOT advised by Brigade Capital or an affiliate and such fund’s adviser or principal underwriter is not controlled by or under common control with Brigade Capital. |
| II. | Permissible Securities that Require Pre-Clearance (“Reportable Securities”): |
| (i) | Shares issued by closed-end funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; |
| (ii) | Shares issued by open-end funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, IF they are managed |
| 1 | This does not limit the number of lots in which a transaction can be executed. |
| by Brigade Capital, or their adviser or principal underwriter controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, Brigade Capital; |
| (iii) | Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more registered open-end funds, IF such funds are advised by Brigade Capital or an affiliate, or such fund’s adviser or principal underwriter is controlled by or under common control with Brigade Capital; |
| (iv) | Shares issued by exchange traded funds or “ETFs” |
| (v) | Securities of business development companies or “BDCs”; |
| (vi) | Securities of Real Estate Investment Trusts or "REITs"; |
| (vii) | Non-distressed municipal bonds; |
| (viii) | Securities in limited offerings (which include investments in hedge funds, private equity funds and the Advisory Clients); |
| (ix) | Options on Permissible Securities except for Legacy Positions (as defined below); and |
| (x) | Legacy Positions* (as defined below). |
*Legacy Positions : In the event that an Access Person already owns a security (a “Legacy Position”) that does not fall under the other categories of the Permissible Securities (as detailed above), the Access Person may not add to such Legacy Position, but may only close out or cover such securities, subject to the pre-clearance and reporting requirements and other restrictions that are applicable to Reportable Securities.
| (e) | Holdings List, Restricted List and Watch List : Each Access Person is strictly prohibited from trading in the securities of issuers that are included on the Holdings List, Restricted List and Watch List. Issuers on the Holdings List include the issuers of securities that the Advisory Clients have held in the past 7 calendar days and the issuers of securities that the Advisory Clients currently hold. Issuers on the Restricted List include the issuers of securities about which Brigade Capital has come into contact with material non-public information. Issuers on the Watch List include the issuers of a Security that Brigade is considering adding to the portfolio of an Advisory Client. It should be noted that the Chief Compliance Officer and the Managing Member have the discretion to add any other issuers to the Watch List as they deem appropriate. The Holdings List, Restricted List and Watch List are available in ComplianceELF and are updated on a weekly basis. In the event that an Access Person owns a security prior to the issuer of such security being added to the Holdings List, or the Watch List, Access Persons are not allowed to add to the position, however they may close out or cover such securities as long as the Advisory Clients have not traded in such securities or plan to trade in such securities within 7 calendar days and all other personal trading requirements have been met. To the extent that an Access Person owns a security of an issuer prior to that issuer being added to the Restricted List, the Access Person may not conduct transactions in such security until the issuer is no longer on the Restricted List. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, such trading prohibitions shall not apply to:
| (i) | Permissible Securities that do not require pre-clearance (as listed above in Section 3(d)(I) ) of the same or affiliated issuer that the Advisory Clients held in the past 7 calendar days, currently hold or intend on holding; and |
| (ii) | securities issued by a subsidiary of an issuer that the Advisory Clients held in the past 7 calendar days, currently hold or intend on holding, although the Chief Compliance Officer still retains the authority to deny any such pre-clearance requests if believed to be in the best interests of Advisory Clients. |
For Example:
| · | JPMorgan Chase & Co. (ticker: JPM) is put on the Holdings List; however, an Access Person may be permitted to trade an open-ended mutual fund (i.e., a Permissible Security that does not require pre-clearance) managed or sponsored by JPM and/or its affiliate; |
| · | The Blackstone Group L.P. (ticker: BX) is put on the Watch List; however, an Access Person may be permitted to trade Permissible Securities issued by investment funds managed or sponsored by BX and/or its affiliate; and |
| · | Johnson & Johnson (ticker: JNJ) is put on a Restricted List; however, an Access Person may be permitted to trade Permissible Securities issued by Merck & Co. Inc . (ticker: MRK), one of its many subsidiaries. |
As detailed below, all security transactions in Reportable Securities (as defined above in Section 3(d)(II) ) are subject to pre-clearance requirements and other restrictions described below.
| (f) | Pre-clearance of Transactions in Personal Account : Prior to trading a Reportable Security (as defined above in Section 3(d)(II) ), an Access Person must obtain the prior written approval of a combination of two of the “Authorized Approvers,” as follows: (1) the Chief Compliance Officer OR (2) a Deputy Compliance Officer OR (3) Steven Vincent OR (4) Raymond Luis AND the Managing Member (or his designee). It should be noted that this includes (but is not limited to) investments in limited offerings (which include private or restricted offerings). An Authorized Approver submitting his own pre-clearance request must obtain such pre-approval from alternate Authorized Approvers. For the avoidance of doubt, an Authorized Approver may not pre-clear his own personal transactions. |
Requests for pre-clearance generally must be submitted via ComplianceELF. Any approval given under this paragraph will remain in effect for 24 business day hours, except for pre-approvals given for transactions in limited offerings, which may be in effect for a longer period. A sample pre-clearance form is attached as Form 11.
| (g) | Holding Period : To the extent that an Access Person was granted approval to purchase a particular Reportable Security, such Access Person must generally hold the Reportable Security for 60 days before selling such Reportable Security, subject to the approval of two of the Authorized Approvers. However, it should be noted that, from time to time, certain exceptions to the 60 day holding period may be granted for Access Persons by the Chief Compliance Officer and the Managing Member. Prior to granting an exception, the Chief Compliance Officer will review the trade to determine whether it presents a conflict of interest for any Advisory Client and will deny the application if a conflict of interest is present. The conflict of interest review and exceptions will be documented by the Chief Compliance Officer or his designee. |
| (h) | Short Sales : An Access Person shall not engage in any short sale of a security if, at the time of the transaction, any Advisory Client account managed by Brigade Capital has a long position in such security. |
| (4) | Reporting Requirements |
| (a) | All Access Persons are required to submit to the Chief Compliance Officer (subject to the applicable provisions of Section 5 below ) the following reports via ComplianceELF: |
| (i) | Initial Holdings Report – Access Persons are required to provide the Chief Compliance Officer with an Initial Holdings Report within 10 days of the date that such person became an Access Person via ComplianceELF that meets the following requirements: |
| (1) | Must disclose all of the Access Person’s current securities holdings with the following content for each Reportable Security (as defined above in Section 3(d)(II) ) that the Access Person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership. |
| · | title and type of Reportable Security; |
| · | ticker symbol or CUSIP number (as applicable); |
| · | number of shares; and |
| · | principal amount of each Reportable Security. |
| (2) | Must disclose the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person maintains an account in which any Reportable Securities are held. |
| (3) | Information contained in Initial Holding Reports must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Access Person of Brigade Capital. |
| (4) | The report must be dated the day the Access Person submits it. |
| (5) | Access Persons generally must submit their Initial Holdings Reports via ComplianceELF. A sample form of Initial Holdings Report is also included as Form 12. |
| (ii) | Annual Holdings Report – Subject to the applicable provisions of Section 5 below , Access Persons must also provide Annual Holdings Reports of all current Reportable Securities holdings at least once during each 12 month period (the “Annual Holding Certification Date”). For purposes of this Code of Ethics, the Annual Holdings Certification Date is October 31. From a content perspective, such Annual Holdings Reports must comply with the requirements of Section 4(a)(i)-(iii) above . Access Persons generally must submit their Annual Holdings Reports via ComplianceELF. A sample form of Annual Holdings Report is also included as Form 13. |
| (iii) | Quarterly Transaction Reports – Subject to the applicable provisions of Section 5 below, Access Persons must also provide quarterly securities transaction reports for each transaction in a Reportable Security (as defined above in Section 3(d)(II) ) that the Access Person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership. Such Quarterly Transaction Reports must meet the following requirements: |
| (1) | Content Requirements – Quarterly Transaction Report must include: |
| · | date of transaction; |
| · | title of Reportable Security; |
| · | ticker symbol or CUSIP number of Reportable Security (as applicable); |
| · | interest rate or maturity rate (if applicable); |
| · | number of shares; |
| · | principal amount of Reportable Security; |
| · | nature of transaction (i.e., purchase or sale); |
| · | price of Reportable Security at which the transaction was effected; |
| · | name of broker, dealer or bank through which the transaction was effected; and |
| · | date upon which the Access Person submitted the report. |
| (2) | Timing Requirements – Subject to Section 5(c) , Access Persons must submit a Quarterly Transaction Report no later than the next month end after the end of each quarter. |
| (3) | The Quarterly Transaction Report requirement generally will be fulfilled by employees attesting to the accuracy of the past quarter’s transactions set forth in their ComplianceELF accounts. A sample form of Quarterly Transaction Report is also included as Form 14. |
| (5) | Exceptions from Reporting Requirements/Alternative to Quarterly Transaction Reports |
This Section 5 sets forth exceptions from the reporting requirements of this Code of Ethics. All other requirements will continue to apply to any holding or transaction exempted from reporting pursuant to this Section 5 . Accordingly, the following transactions will be exempt only from the reporting requirements:
| (a) | No Initial, Annual or Quarterly Transaction Report is required to be filed by an Access Person with respect to securities held in any Personal Account over which the Access Person has (or had) no direct or indirect influence or control; |
| (b) | Quarterly Transaction Reports are not required to be submitted with respect to any transactions effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan (although holdings need to be included on Initial and Annual Holdings Reports); |
| (c) | Quarterly Transaction Reports are not required if the report would duplicate information contained in broker trade confirm or account statements that an Access Person has already provided to the Chief Compliance Officer (including, for the avoidance of doubt, information in the Access Person’s ComplianceELF account); provided, that such broker trade confirm or account statements are provided to the Chief Compliance Officer within 30 days of the end of the applicable calendar quarter. This paragraph has no effect on an Access Person’s responsibility related to the submission of Initial and Annual Holdings Reports. |
Access Persons that would like to avail themselves of this exception in Section 5(c) should ensure that the content of such broker confirms or account statements meet the content required for Quarterly Transaction Review Reports set forth above in Section 4(a)(iv) under the heading “Quarterly Transaction Reports.”
| (6) | Protection of Material Non-Public Information About Securities / Investment Recommendations |
In addition to other provisions of this Code of Ethics and Brigade Capital’s Manual (including the Insider Trading Procedures which are detailed in this Manual), Access Persons should note that Brigade Capital has a duty to safeguard material, non-public information about securities/investment recommendations provided to (or made on behalf of) Advisory Clients. As such, Access Persons generally should not share such information outside of Brigade Capital. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Access Persons and Brigade Capital may provide such information to persons or entities providing services to Brigade Capital or its Advisory Clients where such information is required to effectively provide the services in question. Examples of such are:
| · | brokers; |
| · | accountants or accounting support service firms; |
| · | custodians; |
| · | transfer agents; |
| · | bankers; |
| · | compliance consultants; and |
| · | lawyers. |
If there are any questions about the sharing of material, non-public information about securities/investment recommendations made by Brigade Capital, please see the Chief Compliance Officer.
| (7) | Oversight of Code of Ethics |
| (a) | Reporting. Any situation that may involve a conflict of interest or other possible violation of this Code of Ethics must be promptly reported to the Chief Compliance Officer who must report it to the executive management of Brigade Capital. |
| (b) | Review of Transactions. Each Access Person's transactions in his/her Personal Accounts will be reviewed on a regular basis and compared to transactions entered into by Brigade Capital for its Advisory Clients. Any transactions that are believed to be a violation of this Code of Ethics will be reported promptly to the Chief Compliance Officer who must report them to the executive management of Brigade Capital. Any noted violations shall be properly documented for Brigade Capital’s compliance files. |
| (c) | Sanctions. The executive management of Brigade Capital, with advice of outside legal counsel, at its discretion, shall consider reports made to the management and upon determining that a violation of this Code of Ethics has occurred, may impose such sanctions or remedial action the management deems appropriate or to the extent required by law (as may be advised by outside legal counsel or other advisors). These sanctions may include, among other things, disgorgement of profits, fines, suspension or termination of employment with Brigade Capital, or criminal or civil penalties. |
| (8) | Compliance with Federal Securities Law |
All employees are required to comply with applicable Federal Securities Laws. Failure to adhere to Federal Securities Laws could expose an employee to sanctions imposed by Brigade Capital, the SEC or law enforcement officials. These sanctions may include, among others, disgorgement of profits, suspension or termination of employment by Brigade Capital, or criminal or civil penalties. If there is any doubt as to whether a Federal securities law applies, employees should consult the Chief Compliance Officer.
| (9) | Confidentiality |
All reports of securities transactions and any other information filed pursuant to this Code of Ethics shall be treated as confidential to the extent permitted by law.
Exhibit 99.(p).10
LaSalle Investment Management Securities
| Subject | Original Date of Issue |
| CODE OF ETHICS POLICY | January 13, 2005 |
I. Introduction
The following policies and procedures (collectively, the “Procedures”) have been adopted by LaSalle Investment Management Securities, LLC (“LaSalle US”), LaSalle Investment Management Securities B.V. (“LaSalle BV”) and LaSalle Investment Management Securities Hong Kong (“LaSalle HK”, and collectively with LaSalle US and LaSalle BV, “LaSalle”)). These Procedures are designed to foster compliance with the local regulations applicable to each of the LaSalle entities, to ensure that actions taken are in the best interests of LaSalle’s clients and to eliminate transactions suspected of being in conflict with the best interests of LaSalle’s clients, including with respect to securities trading by LaSalle “Access Persons”.
The Securities Trading Committee (the “Committee”) has the responsibility for interpreting these Procedures and for determining whether a violation of these Procedures has occurred. The Committee shall follow the procedures set forth in Section V of this Code; and, in the event it determines that a material violation has occurred, the Committee shall take such action as it deems appropriate. Any questions regarding these Procedures should be referred to LaSalle’s Chief Compliance Officer. A listing of Committee members is set forth in Exhibit A. A senior officer of LaSalle HK or LaSalle BV will be asked to participate in a Committee meeting in the event an employee of that affiliate violates these Procedures.
II. Definitions
For purposes of these Procedures, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:
| A. | “Access Person” is a defined term in the United States Investment Advisers Act of 1940, which is the reason for its adoption herein. Access Person means any director, officer, partner or employee of LaSalle who makes any recommendation, who participates in the determination of which recommendation shall be made, or whose functions or duties relate to the determination of which recommendation shall be made, or who, in connection with his or her duties, obtains any information concerning which securities are being recommended prior to the effective dissemination of such recommendations or of the information concerning such recommendations; and any of the following persons who obtain information concerning securities recommendations being made by such investment adviser prior to the effective dissemination of such recommendations or of the information concerning such recommendations: (i) any person in a control relationship to the investment adviser, (ii) any affiliated person of such controlling person, and (iii) any affiliated person of such affiliated person. |
For purposes of this policy, all LaSalle HK and LaSalle BV employees are deemed Access Persons. With respect to LaSalle US, employees in the following groups and their supervisors are deemed Access Persons: Portfolio Managers, Portfolio Management Analysts (PMAT), Trading, Trade Operations and Product Development. Employees associated with LaSalle
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Investment Management KK who assist in the day to day management of LaSalle US’s Japanese clients are also Access Persons only for purposes of these Procedures.
| B. | “Personal Brokerage Account” means any brokerage account in which the Access Person has a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest ( e.g. , brokerage accounts in the name of the Access Person, his or her spouse and minor children, adults living in his or her household and in the name of trusts for which the Access Person is a trustee or in which the Access Person has a Beneficial Ownership interest), including any retirement account or account associated with a company stock purchase plan capable of transacting in Reportable Securities (e.g., Individual Retirement Accounts, self-directed 401(k) plans) in which an Access Person may trade or custody a Reportable Security, even if the account currently holds only non-Reportable Securities. Accounts in which Access Persons have no investment discretion are not required to be disclosed in any report required to be submitted hereunder. |
| Personal Brokerage Account does not include (i) United States Internal Revenue Code (IRC) § 529 college savings plans or (ii) employer sponsored IRC § 401(k) retirement accounts that are structured to hold only open-end mutual funds registered under the United States Investment Company Act of 1940. |
| C. | “Advised Fund Shares” means shares in any fund for which LaSalle acts as an adviser or sub-adviser pursuant to a written advisory agreement. |
| D. | “Beneficial Ownership” means: |
| 1. | the receipt of benefits substantially equivalent to those of ownership through relationship, understanding, agreement, contract or other arrangements; or |
| 2. | the power to vest ownership in oneself at once or at some future time. |
Generally a person will be regarded as having a direct or indirect beneficial ownership interest in securities held in the name of himself, his spouse, minor children who live with him, and any other relative (parents, adult children, brothers, sisters, etc.) whose investments he directs or controls, whether the person lives with him or not. Exhibit B to these Procedures provides a more complete description of beneficial ownership as well as examples of beneficial ownership.
| E. | “Restricted Security” means any Reportable Security issued by an issuer whose primary business is investments in real estate. For purposes of clarity, Restricted Securities include issuers in LaSalle’s investment universe, as well as mortgage REITs and “homebuilder” issuers. |
| F. | A “Reportable Security” means any note, stock, treasury stock, bond, debenture, shares of open-end or closed-end exchange-traded funds, shares of a closed-end investment company, shares of mutual funds not registered under the United States Investment Company Act of |
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1940, Advised Fund Shares, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, pre-organization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas or other mineral rights, or in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a “security,” or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing.
| F. | “Supervised Person” means any partner, officer, director (or other person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), or employee of LaSalle, or other person who provides investment advice on behalf of LaSalle and is subject to the supervision and control of LaSalle. All LaSalle employees are deemed Supervised Persons for purposes of these Procedures. |
III. Personal Trading Restrictions
Supervised Persons may purchase and sell Reportable Securities except as limited below:
A. Personal Trading.
No Supervised Person may personally acquire a Beneficial Ownership in a Restricted Security. The following securities may be purchased and sold without any restriction under this policy even if they are issued by, or represent indirect investments in securities of, issuers of Restricted Securities:
| (i) | Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government (or any other foreign government with the approval of the Chief Compliance Officer); |
| (ii) | Money market instruments, such as banker’s acceptances, certificates of deposit or repurchase agreements; |
| (iii) | Exchange-traded funds, mutual funds and closed end funds; |
| (iv) | Securities issued by Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated (note that JLL Global Policy No. 8 prohibits employees from engaging in option or hedging transactions on Jones Lang LaSalle stock); |
| (v) | Options on a currency; or |
| (vi) | Securities acquired upon exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities to the extent such rights are acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired. |
B. Transactions in Advised Fund Shares.
Supervised Persons (i) must pre-clear any purchase or sale of any Advised Fund Shares with the Chief Compliance Officer, of his designee, and (ii) may not purchase and sell, or sell and purchase, shares in any Advised Fund Shares within 60 calendar days; provided, however, that the Chief
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Compliance Officer may make exceptions to this prohibition on a case-by-case basis in situations where no abuse is involved, and the equities strongly support an exception.
C. Purchase of New Issues During the Initial Public Offering or in a Limited Offering.
No Access Person may purchase or become the Beneficial Owner of (i) a new issue of securities (other than securities issued by investment companies or collective investment schemes) during the initial public offering thereof or (ii) securities that are issued in a private placement under the laws of the jurisdiction 1 in which such security is purchased.
This Section C. shall not apply to limited offerings of funds sponsored or advised by LaSalle Investment Management, Inc. or its affiliates. To the extent that LaSalle is engaged by an affiliate to perform sub-advisory responsibilities to a fund or a public non-traded REIT, Section B. shall apply and a LaSalle employee will be required to seek prior approval for a transaction in the Advised Fund Shares.
IV. Other Conduct Requirements
A. Boards of Directors
No Access Person shall serve as a director of another company which issues Restricted Securities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Access Person is a director of a company which issues Restricted Securities as of the date these Procedures are adopted or is the director of a company which becomes the issuer of Restricted Securities after such Access Person has already become a director of such company, such Access Person may continue to serve as such director as long as such Access Person resigns as such director as soon as reasonably possible; provided, however, such Access Person shall not participate in any discussions within LaSalle regarding that company as long as such Access Person continues to serve as a director of that company.
B. Compliance with Laws
In addition to the requirements set forth in this policy, all Supervised Persons shall comply with the securities laws applicable to the regions in which they operate.
V. Personal Trading Reporting and Disclosure
The Initial Holdings Report, Annual Holding Report and Quarterly Transactions Report (collectively, “Reports”) all require disclosure of the Access Person’s holdings in Reportable Securities. This means that holdings and transactions in any Reportable Security held in any
1 Relevant private placement requirements in the United States are set forth in Sections 4(a)(2) and 4(6) of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
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Personal Brokerage Account, as well as Advised Fund Shares, require disclosure on a quarterly basis.
Restricted Securities may not be held or traded by Supervised Persons. Members of the Legal & Compliance Department review the Reports to ensure Restricted Securities are not held in employee Accounts. LaSalle employees are responsible for reviewing their personal investments and notifying the Legal & Compliance Department if they suspect a holding may be deemed a Restricted Security.
The Compliance Department uses the Compliance 11 system for automated transaction reporting and employees are expected to affirm their holdings and transactions as required through the system. If an Access Person is unable to link an account through the Compliance 11 system, the Access Person will be asked to forward duplicate copies of the brokerage statements to a local compliance officer.
The forms set forth in Exhibit C and D are legacy forms that should generally no longer be used to affirm holdings and transaction, but are being retained within this document as a visible example of the information that is required to be reported initially upon hire, and thereafter quarterly and annually.
A. Initial Holdings Reports
Within 10 days of becoming an Access Person, each Access Person shall supply the Chief Compliance Officer, or if applicable the regional compliance officer, with an Initial Holdings Report identifying:
| (i) | all Accounts; and |
| (ii) | all Securities holdings. Specifically, the Initial Holdings Report must contain the title, number of shares and principal amount of each Security as of the date the person became an Access Person and the date the report was submitted. The required format for the Initial Holdings Report is set forth in Exhibit C. |
Each Access Person is required to update his or her list and to provide an updated list to the Chief Compliance Officer at the time the Access Person opens any new Account.
For LIMS Hong Kong employees, each Supervised Person is required to write to his or her brokerage to direct duplicate copies of his/her monthly/quarterly/annual statements to the regional Compliance Officer. This is to facilitate the periodic monitoring of the employees personal trades as specified under the SFC code.
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B. Annual Holdings Reports
Within 30 days of each calendar year-end, each Access Person shall supply the Chief Compliance Officer, or if applicable the regional compliance officer, with an Annual Holdings Report identifying:
| (i) | all Accounts showing information as of the calendar year-end; and |
| (ii) | all Securities holdings. Specifically, the report shall contain the title, number of shares and principal amount of each Security in which the access person had a direct or indirect beneficial ownership interest and the date the report was submitted. The required format for the Annual Holdings Report is set forth in Exhibit C. |
C. Quarterly Transaction Reports
Each Access Person is required to furnish a Quarterly Transaction Report, in the form of Exhibit D attached hereto, to the Chief Compliance Officer, , or if applicable the regional compliance officer, no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. The transaction report shall identify:
(i) all Accounts opened during the quarter; and
(ii) all Securities purchased during the quarter. Specifically, the report shall contain whether the transaction was a purchase or sale and the name of the Security, the date of the transaction, quantity, price, the name of the broker-dealer through which the transaction was effected and the date the report was submitted.
VI. Policy Statement on Insider Trading
LaSalle seeks to foster a reputation for integrity and professionalism. That reputation is a vital business asset. To further that goal, this Policy Statement implements procedures to deter the misuse of material, nonpublic information in securities transactions.
Accordingly, LaSalle forbids any Supervised Person (for purposes of Articles VI and VII, this term shall include spouses, minor children and adult members of their households) from trading, whether personally, on behalf of LaSalle or on behalf of others while in possession of material, nonpublic information or communicating material, nonpublic information to others in violation of the law. This conduct is frequently referred to as “insider trading.” This policy applies to every Supervised Person and extends to activities within and outside their duties at LaSalle .
Trading securities while in possession of material, nonpublic information or improperly communicating that information to others may expose you to stringent penalties, including criminal sanctions. Additionally, in the United States, the SEC can recover the profits gained or losses avoided through the prohibited trading, impose a penalty of up to three times the illicit windfall and issue an order permanently barring you from the securities industry. Finally, you may be sued by investors seeking to recover damages for insider trading violations.
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The term “insider trading” is the term generally refers to the use of material, nonpublic information to trade in securities (whether or not one is an “insider”) or to the communication of material, nonpublic information to others. While the laws concerning insider trading is not static, it is currently understood that insider trading laws generally prohibit:
| · | Trading by an insider, while in possession of material, nonpublic information; |
| · | Trading by a non-insider, while in possession of material, nonpublic information, where the information either was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider’s duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated; or |
| · | Communicating material, nonpublic information to others. |
The elements of insider trading and the penalties for such unlawful conduct under U.S. law are described in Exhibit F attached hereto. Although this description is helpful for all employees as a general description of “insider trading” activity, LaSalle HK and LaSalle BV employees should also be familiar with local regulatory requirements and laws. For example, the LaSalle HK Compliance Manual contains a specific section on insider dealing and market manipulation and cross references specific provisions in the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Ordinance relating to insider trading and market manipulation. Similarly, the LaSalle BV Administrative Organization/Internal Controls Manual cross references certain rules requiring notification of instances of market manipulation and insider trading to the AFM. LaSalle BV employees should also be familiar with Chapter 5.4 of the Dutch Act on Financial Supervision (Wet op het financieel toezicht ), which contains prohibitions on insider trading and market manipulation.
Any Supervised Person who has any question concerning LaSalle’s policy and procedures regarding insider trading should consult with the Chief Compliance Officer. To protect yourself and LaSalle, you should contact the Chief Compliance Officer immediately if you believe that you may have received material, nonpublic information. Often, a single question can forestall disciplinary action or complex legal problems.
VII. Procedures Designed to Detect and Prevent Insider Trading
The following procedures have been established to aid LaSalle and all Supervised Persons in avoiding insider trading, and to aid LaSalle in preventing, detecting, and imposing sanctions against insider trading. Every Supervised Person must follow these procedures or risk serious sanctions, including dismissal, substantial personal liability and criminal penalties. Any questions about these procedures should be directed to the Chief Compliance Officer.
| 1. | Before trading securities for yourself or others, a Supervised Person should ask himself or herself the following questions: |
| a. | Am I executing this trade based on information that is material? Is this information that an investor would consider important in making his or her investment |
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decisions? Is this information that would substantially affect the market price of the securities if generally disclosed?
| b. | Is the information nonpublic? To whom has this information been provided? Has the information been effectively communicated to the marketplace by being published in Reuters, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times or other publications of general circulation? |
| 2. | If, after consideration of the above, any Supervised Person believes that the information is material and nonpublic, or if a Supervised Person has questions as to whether the information is material and nonpublic, he or she should take the following steps: |
| a. | Report the information and proposed recommendation/trade immediately to the Chief Compliance Officer or the regional compliance officer. |
| b. | Do not purchase or sell, or recommend the purchase or sale, of the securities either on behalf of yourself, on behalf of LaSalle or on behalf of others. |
| c. | Do not communicate the information inside or outside LaSalle, other than to the Chief Compliance Officer. |
| d. | After the Chief Compliance Officer has reviewed the issue, the Supervised Person will be instructed either to continue the prohibitions against trading and communication because the Chief Compliance Officer has determined that the information is material and nonpublic, or he or she will be allowed to trade the Security and communicate the information. |
| 3. | Information in a Supervised Person’s possession that is identified as material and nonpublic may not be communicated to anyone, including persons within LaSalle, except as otherwise provided herein. In addition, care should be taken so that such information is secure. For example, files containing material, nonpublic information should be sealed and access to computer files containing material, nonpublic information should be restricted, and conversations containing such information, if appropriate at all, should be conducted in private (for example, not by cellular telephone, to avoid potential interception). |
| 4. | If, after consideration of the items set forth in Section 1 of this Article VII, doubt remains as to whether information is material or nonpublic, or if there is any unresolved question as to the applicability or interpretation of the foregoing procedures, or as to the propriety of any action, it must be discussed with the Chief Compliance Officer before trading or communicating the information to anyone. |
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VIII. Administrative Procedures
A. Distribution of these Procedures
The regional compliance officer shall maintain a list of those persons who are deemed Access Persons in the particular region and shall periodically remind the Access Persons that they are subject to the terms of these Procedures. Each Supervised Person, including Access Persons, shall be given a copy of these Procedures. Promptly thereafter, each such Supervised Person shall file with the Compliance Department a statement containing language substantively in the form of Exhibit E attached hereto indicating that he or she has read and understands these Procedures and agrees to be bound by them, as well as in the event of any material change to these Procedures. On an annual basis, the Chief Compliance Officer shall send a notice to all Access Persons reminding them of their obligations to comply with these Procedures.
B. Reporting of Violations of These Procedures
It shall be the responsibility of each Supervised Person to promptly report any violation of these procedures to the Chief Compliance Officer.
C. Record keeping Responsibilities
The Chief Compliance Officer shall be responsible for maintaining custody of the following records in an easily accessible place for a period of five years:
| · | A copy of each Code of Ethics for the organization that is currently in effect, or at any time within the past five years was in effect; |
| · | A copy of each report and attached documentation supplied to the Chief Compliance Officer pursuant to the requirements of Article V of these Procedures; |
| · | A record of all persons, currently or within the past five years, who are or were deemed Access Persons; |
| · | A record of all persons, currently or within the past five years, who are or were responsible for reviewing the reports required under Article V of these Procedures; |
| · | A written record of each violation of these Procedures and a written record of any action taken as a result of each such violation; |
| · | A record of any decision and the reasons supporting the decision, if any, to approve the acquisition by an Access Person of Securities under Article III. B of this Code; and |
| · | All Supervised Person’s statements referred to in Article VIII.A. of these Procedures. |
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D. Monitoring of Securities Transactions of Access Persons
The Reports and attached documentation supplied to the Chief Compliance Officer pursuant to Section IV of these Procedures shall be reviewed by the Chief Compliance Officer or regional compliance officer in order to monitor compliance with these Procedures. The Reports and attached documentation supplied by the Chief Compliance Officer shall be reviewed by the General Counsel. Any approvals required for transactions undertaken by the Chief Compliance Officer shall be obtained from the General Counsel.
Code of Ethics Revisions
4/7/14: updated the policy to clarify terms and definitions; update members of the Securities Trading Committee; remove references to non-U.S. mutual funds as not being securities that are required to be reported; and raised the threshold for Securities Trading Committee of violations to be “material” violations.
10/22/13: updated the name of LaSalle US, replaced Kim Woodrow with Elisabeth Stheeman and revised the Securities Trading Committee section to provide for meetings of the Committee based on material violations.
1/24/13: clarified that the entire LIMS BV office are categorized as Access Persons.
11/21/12: created a single Code of Ethics for LIMS, LIMS HK and LIMS BV and added explanatory material to accommodate the different regulatory regimes governing insider trading.
4/3/09: added procedures and material related to possession of material, non-public information.
9/8/08: changed reference to mutual fund to investment company in the Advised Fund Share definition to include closed-end funds.
12/10/07: general changes were made to place the Code in a plain English format.
7/9/07: added David Doherty as CCO and as a member of the Securities Trade Committee.
7/2/07: removed the access person list from the Code for administrative reasons.
3/7/07: added exchange-traded funds to the definition of securities; made clear that those securities are permissible securities; extended period that quarterly reports are due from 10 days to 30 days.
2/12/07: removed Lynn Thurber from the Securities Committee, changed references from senior compliance officer to Chief Compliance Officer.
10/1/06: included within the definition of a Security open-end investment companies.
6/1/06: changed titles of Gordon Repp and Stan Kraska.
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2/13/05: cleaned up references to LaSalle employees.
1/13/05: added definition of Supervised Person and Advised Mutual Fund Shares; made requirement that all supervised persons comply with applicable federal law.
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EXHIBITS
Exhibit A – Securities Trading Committee
Exhibit B – Beneficial Ownership
Exhibit C – Holdings Report
Exhibit D – Quarterly Transaction Report / Access Persons Stock Transactions
Exhibit E – Code of Ethics Acknowledgment
Exhibit F – Insider Trading
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EXHIBIT A
SECURITIES TRADING COMMITTEE OF LASALLE INVESTMENT
MANAGEMENT
SECURITIES, LLC
Meetings of the Committee may be called by the Chief Compliance Officer or any member of the Committee when such person believes that a possible material violation of these Procedures has occurred or that the Committee should meet for other purposes, such as to consider interpretations of or changes to these Procedures. A majority of the members of the Committee will constitute a quorum, provided, that the Chief Compliance Officer must be present in order to have a quorum. A majority of the members present at a meeting constitutes the vote required for any action taken by the Committee.
Members of the Committee are as follows:
LaSalle General Counsel (currently Gordon G. Repp)
LaSalle Chief Compliance Officer (currently David Doherty)
LaSalle Global Business Head (currently Stanley Kraska, Jr.)
Regional Senior Officer (if violation involves employee of the region)
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EXHIBIT B
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP
A. General Description of Beneficial Ownership
As used in the Procedures, “beneficial ownership” will be interpreted in the same manner as it would be in determining whether a person is subject to Section 16 of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except that the determination of such ownership shall apply to all securities, including equity securities. For the purpose of that Act, “beneficial ownership” means:
|
· |
the receipt of benefits substantially equivalent to those of ownership through relationship, understanding, agreement, contract or other arrangements; or |
|
· |
the power to vest such ownership in oneself at once, or at some future time. |
Using the above general definition as abroad guidelines, the ultimate determination of “beneficial ownership” will be made in light of the facts of the particular case. Key factors are the degree of the individual’s ability to exercise control over the security and the ability of the individual to benefit from the proceeds of the security. Employees are encouraged to seek the advice of the Chief Compliance Officer if they have any questions concerning whether or not they have beneficial ownership of any security.
B. General Rules
1. Securities Held by Family Members
As a general rule, a person is regarded as the beneficial owner of securities held in his or her name, as well as the name of his or her spouse and their minor children. These relationships ordinarily confer to the holders benefits substantially equivalent to ownership. In addition, absent countervailing facts, it is expected that securities held by relatives who share the same home as the reporting person will be reported as beneficially owned by such person.
2. Securities Held by a Corporation or Partnership
Generally, ownership of securities in a company (i.e., corporation, partnership, etc.) does not constitute beneficial ownership with respect to the holdings of the company in the securities of another issuer. However, an owner of securities issued by a company will be deemed to have beneficial ownership in the securities holdings of the company where:
|
· |
the company is merely a medium through which one or several persons in a small group invest or trade in securities; |
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· |
the owner owns 25% or more of the outstanding voting securities of, or a 25% or more equity interest in, the company; and |
|
· |
the company has no other substantial business. |
In such cases, the person or persons who are in a position of control of the company are deemed to have a beneficial ownership interest in the securities of the company.
3. Securities Held in Trust
Beneficial ownership of securities in a private trust includes:
|
· |
the ownership of securities as a trustee where either the trustee or members of his “immediate family” have a vested interest in the income or corpus of the trust; | |
| · | the ownership of a vested beneficial interest in a trust; and |
|
· |
the ownership of securities as a settlor of a trust in which the settlor has the owner to revoke the trust without obtaining the consent of all beneficiaries. |
As used in this section, the “immediate family” of a trustee means:
|
· |
parents, mother-in-law or father-in-law, husband or wife, brother or sister, brother-in-law or sister-in-law, son-in-law or daughter-in-law and children, including stepchildren and descendants. |
For the purpose of determining whether any of the foregoing relations exists, a legally adopted child of a person shall be considered a child of such person by blood.
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EXHIBIT C
INITIAL AND ANNUAL PERSONAL SECURITIES HOLDINGS
THIS
REPORT MUST BE SUBMITTED WITHIN 10 DAYS OF BECOMING AN ACCESS
PERSON AND THEREAFTER ON AN ANNUAL BASIS BY JANUARY 30.
In accordance with the Code of Ethics, please provide a list of all Accounts in which Securities are held for your direct or indirect benefit. Restricted Securities may not be held by Access Persons.
| (1) | Name of Access Person: | |
| (2) | If different than (1), name of the person in whose name the account is held: | |
| (3) | Relationship of (2) to (1): | |
| (4) | Broker, dealer or bank at which account is maintained: | |
| (5) | Account Number: | |
| (6) | Contact person at broker, dealer or bank and phone number: |
| (7) | For each Account, attach the most recent account statement listing all Securities in that Account. If you beneficially own Securities that are not listed in an attached account statement, list them below: |
| Title and Type of Security | Exchange Ticker/CUSIP | # Shares | Principal Amount |
| 1. | |
| 2. | |
| 3. | |
| 4. | |
| 5. |
(Attach separate sheet if necessary)
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| Check if applicable: | ¨ | The reporting of any transaction below shall not be construed as an admission that I have any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the subject security. |
| ¨ | I do not own any Securities. |
I certify that this form and the attached statements (if any) constitute all of the Securities which I beneficially own, including those held in accounts of my immediate family residing in my household.
| Access Person Signature | ||
| Dated: ____________________ | ||
| Print Name |
| REVIEWED: ____________________ | ||||
| (Date) | (Signature) | |||
| FOLLOW-UP ACTION (if any) (attach additional sheet if required) | ||||
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EXHIBIT D
THIS REPORT MUST BE SUBMITTED WITHIN 30 DAYS OF QUARTER END
| ACCESS PERSON TRANSACTION RECORD for | |
| (Name) |
| FOR CALENDAR QUARTER ENDED | |
| (Date) |
I AM REPORTING BELOW ALL TRANSACTIONS REQUIRED TO BE REPORTED FOR THE QUARTER PURSUANT TO THE CODE OF ETHICS AND SECURITIES TRADING POLICY.
| (Date) | (Access Person’s Signature) |
I. TRANSACTION REPORTING
| Check if applicable: | (a) | ¨ | I had no transactions to report during this period because: |
| ¨ I had no transactions in Securities during the quarter; or | |||
| ¨ I had no transactions that were required to reported during the quarter. | |||
| (b) | ¨ | All transactions required to be reported are indicated below or have been provided to the Chief Compliance Officer through statements and, if applicable, are additionally indicated below. | |
| (c) | ¨ | The reporting of any transaction below shall not be construed as an admission that I have any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Security. |
Transactions
| Date |
Security
Title, Ticker/ CUSIP |
Interest
Rate |
Maturity
Date |
# Shares |
Principal
Amount |
Purchase/
Sale/ Other |
Price |
Broker/
Dealer/ Bank |
||||||||
(attach additional sheets if necessary)
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II. ACCOUNT REPORTING
Securities Accounts Opened During Quarter
Instruction: The following section must be completed by all Access Persons.
| ¨ | I did not open any Account with any broker, dealer or bank during the quarter; or |
| ¨ | I opened an Account with a broker, dealer or bank during the quarter as indicated below. |
| Date Account | Broker, Dealer or Bank | |
| Was Established | Name | |
| REVIEWED: ____________________ | ||||
| (Date) | (Signature) | |||
| FOLLOW-UP ACTION (if any) (attach additional sheet if required) | ||||
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EXHIBIT E
CODE OF ETHICS ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I have read the Code of Ethics of LaSalle Investment Management Securities, LLC and understand the requirements thereof and will comply with such requirements.
| Dated: ________________ | Signature: | |||
| Please print your name here | ||||
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EXHIBIT F
| (1) | Who is an Insider? |
The concept of “insider” is broad. It includes officers, directors and employees of a company. In addition, a person can be a “temporary insider” if he or she enters into a special confidential relationship in the conduct of a company’s affairs and as a result is given access to information solely for the company’s purposes. A temporary insider can include, among others, a company’s attorneys, accountants, consultants, bank lending officers and the employees of such organizations. In addition, the adviser may become a temporary insider of a company it advises or for which it performs other services. According to the United States Supreme Court, the company must expect the outsider to keep the disclosed nonpublic information confidential, and the relationship must at least imply such a duty before the outsider will be considered an insider.
| (2) | What is material information? |
Trading on inside information is not a basis for liability unless the information is material. “Material information” generally is defined as information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his or her investment decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of a company’s securities. No simple “bright line” test exists to determine when information is material. Assessments of materiality involve a highly fact-specific inquiry. For this reason, you should direct any question about whether information is material to the Chief Compliance Officer.
Material information often relates to a company’s results and operations including, for example, dividend changes, earnings results, changes in previously released earnings estimates, significant merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, major litigation, liquidation problems and extraordinary management developments.
Material information also may relate to the market for a company’s securities. Information about a significant order to purchase or sell securities may, in some contexts, be deemed material.
Material information does not have to relate to a company’s business. For example, in Carpenter v. U.S. , 108 U.S. 316 (1987), the United States Supreme Court considered as material certain information about the contents of a forthcoming newspaper column that was expected to affect the market price of a security. In that case, a Wall Street Journal reporter was found criminally liable for disclosing to others the dates that reports on various companies would appear in The Wall Street Journal and whether those reports would be favorable or unfavorable.
| (3) | What is nonpublic information? |
Information is nonpublic until it has been effectively disseminated broadly to investors in the marketplace. One must be able to point to some fact to show that the information is generally public. For example, information is public after it has become available to the general public through a public filing with the SEC or some other governmental agency, the Dow Jones “tape,”
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Reuters Economic Services, The Wall Street Journal or other publications of general circulation, and after sufficient time has passed so that the information has been disseminated widely.
(4) What are the penalties for insider trading?
Penalties for trading on or communicating material, nonpublic information are severe, both for individuals involved in such unlawful conduct and their employers. A person can be subject to some or all of the penalties below even if he or she does not personally benefit from the violation. Penalties include: (a) civil injunctions; (b) treble damages; (c) disgorgement of profits; (d) jail sentences; (e) fines for the person who committed the violation of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided, whether or not the person actually benefited: and (f) fines for the employer or other controlling person of up to the greater of $1,000,000 or three times the amount of the profit gained or loss avoided.
The information above is geared towards conduct that is subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, but it has general applicability with respect to how LaSalle trades on behalf of clients across the globe, as well as personal conduct of LaSalle employees in the course of their personal trading.
In addition to the foregoing, any violation of LaSalle’s Code of Ethics Policy can be expected to result in serious sanctions as set forth in Article VI of the Code of Ethics, including dismissal of the person or persons involved.
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