As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 5, 2015
File No. 333-191940
File No. 811-22906
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under the SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ¨ | |
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ¨ | |
Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 | x |
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under the INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ¨ | |
Amendment No. 24 | x |
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
Area Code and Telephone Number: (800) 243-1574
101 Munson Street
Greenfield, Massachusetts 01301
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Jennifer Fromm, Esq.
Senior Counsel
Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.
100 Pearl St.
Hartford, Connecticut 06103
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies of All Correspondence to:
David C. Mahaffey, Esq.
Sullivan & Worcester LLP
1666 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
x immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
¨ on [date] pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485
¨ 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
¨ on [date] or at such later date as the Commission shall order pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
¨ 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
¨ on [date] pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.
If appropriate, check the following box:
¨ | this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
This Post-Effective Amendment consists of the following:
1. | Facing Sheet of the Registration Statement |
2. | Prospectus for all funds of Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, including Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund, but not including Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund |
3. | SAI covering all funds of Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, updated to include all information relating to Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund |
4. | Part C |
5. | Signature Page |
This Post-Effective Amendment is being filed for the sole purpose of completing the registration of Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund.
Part A of Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 to its registration statement filed on May 29, 2015, is incorporated by reference herein and this Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 is being filed for the sole purpose of completing the registration of Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund.
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TICKER SYMBOL BY CLASS
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FUND
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A
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C
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I
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Class R6
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Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
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VAIAX
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VAICX
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VAIIX
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Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
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VSAIX
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VSICX
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VIASX
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Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
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VATAX
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VATCX
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VATIX
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VATRX
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Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
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VCOAX
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VCOCX
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VCOIX
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VRCOX
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Virtus Strategic Income Fund
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VASBX
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VSBCX
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VISBX
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TRUST NAME
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June
5,
2015
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VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
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The Securities and Exchange Commission, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and the state securities commissions have not approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. This prospectus contains important information that you should know before investing in Virtus Mutual Funds. Please read it carefully and retain it for future reference.
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Not FDIC Insured
No Bank Guarantee
May Lose Value
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FUND SUMMARY
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Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
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Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
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Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
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Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
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Virtus Strategic Income Fund
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MORE INFORMATION ABOUT FUND EXPENSES
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MORE INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPAL
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
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Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
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Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
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Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
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Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
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Virtus Strategic Income Fund
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MORE INFORMATION ABOUT RISKS RELATED TO PRINCIPAL
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS
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RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND
FUND OPERATIONS
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PRICING OF FUND SHARES
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SALES CHARGES
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YOUR ACCOUNT
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HOW TO BUY SHARES
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HOW TO SELL SHARES
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THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW WHEN SELLING SHARES
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ACCOUNT POLICIES
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INVESTOR SERVICES AND OTHER INFORMATION
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TAX STATUS OF DISTRIBUTIONS
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
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Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)
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5.75%
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None
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None
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Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of purchase price or redemption proceeds)
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None
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1.00%
(a)
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None
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value
of your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Management Fees
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1.80%
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1.80%
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1.80%
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Distribution and Shareholder Servicing (12b-1) Fees
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0.25%
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1.00%
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None
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Other Expenses
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Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales
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0.23%
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0.23%
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0.23%
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Remaining Other Expenses
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1.67%
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1.67%
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1.67%
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Total Other Expenses
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1.90%
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1.90%
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1.90%
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Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
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0.03%
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0.03%
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0.03%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(b)
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3.98%
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4.73%
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3.73%
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Less: Expense Reimbursement
(c)
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(1.27)%
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(1.27)%
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(1.27)%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement
(c)
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2.71%
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3.46%
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2.46%
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Share Status
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1 Year
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3 Years
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5 Years
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10 Years
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Class A
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Sold or Held
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$833
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$1,609
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$2,400
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$4,449
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Class C
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Sold
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$449
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$1,312
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$2,280
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$4,724
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Held
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$349
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$1,312
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$2,280
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$4,724
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Class I
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Sold or Held
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$249
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$1,024
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$1,818
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$3,895
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Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)
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5.75%
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None
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None
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Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of purchase price or redemption proceeds)
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None
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1.00%
(a)
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None
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value
of your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Management Fees
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1.75%
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1.75%
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1.75%
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Distribution and Shareholder Servicing (12b-1) Fees
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0.25%
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1.00%
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None
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Other Expenses
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Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales
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0.31%
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0.31%
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0.31%
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Remaining Other Expenses
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1.91%
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1.91%
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1.91%
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Total Other Expenses
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2.22%
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2.22%
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2.22%
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Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
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0.02%
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0.02%
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0.02%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(b)
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4.24%
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4.99%
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3.99%
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Less: Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement
(c)
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(1.51)%
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(1.51)%
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(1.51)%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement
(c)
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2.73%
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3.48%
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2.48%
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Share Status
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1 Year
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3 Years
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5 Years
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10 Years
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Class A
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Sold or Held
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$835
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$1,659
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$2,495
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$4,642
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Class C
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Sold
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$451
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$1,364
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$2,377
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$4,912
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Held
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$351
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$1,364
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$2,377
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$4,912
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Class I
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Sold or Held
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$251
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$1,078
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$1,921
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$4,104
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Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Class R6
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Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)
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5.75%
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None
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None
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None
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Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of purchase price or redemption proceeds)
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None
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1.00%
(a)
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None
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None
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a
percentage of the value of your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Class R6
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Management Fees
(b)
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1.95%
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1.95%
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1.95%
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1.95%
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Distribution and Shareholder Servicing (12b-1) Fees
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0.25%
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1.00%
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None
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None
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Other Expenses
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Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales
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0.40%
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0.40%
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0.40%
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0.40%
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Remaining Other Expenses
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1.50%
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1.50%
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1.50%
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1.49%
(e)
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Total Other Expenses
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1.90%
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1.90%
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1.90%
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1.89%
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Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
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0.04%
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0.04%
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0.04%
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0.04%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(c)
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4.14%
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4.89%
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3.89%
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3.88%
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Less: Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement
(d)
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(1.10)%
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(1.10)%
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(1.10)%
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(1.10)%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement
(d)
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3.04%
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3.79%
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2.79%
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2.78%
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Share Status
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1 Year
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3 Years
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5 Years
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10 Years
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Class A
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Sold or Held
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$864
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$1,667
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$2,483
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$4,587
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Class C
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Sold
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$481
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$1,372
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$2,365
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$4,858
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Held
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$381
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$1,372
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$2,365
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$4,858
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Class I
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Sold or Held
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$282
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$1,086
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$1,908
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$4,044
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Class R6 Shares
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Sold or Held
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$281
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$1,083
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$1,903
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$4,036
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Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Class R6
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)
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3.75%
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None
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None
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None
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Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of purchase price or redemption proceeds)
|
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None
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1.00%
(a)
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None
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None
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a
percentage of the value of your investment)
|
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Class R6
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Management Fees
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0.75%
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0.75%
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0.75%
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0.75%
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Distribution and Shareholder Servicing (12b-1) Fees
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0.25%
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1.00%
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None
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None
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Other Expenses
(b)
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0.61%
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0.61%
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0.61%
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0.55%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
|
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1.61%
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2.36%
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1.36%
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1.30%
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Less: Expense Reimbursement
(c)
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(0.26)%
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(0.26)%
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(0.26)%
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(0.26)%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement
(c)
|
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1.35%
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2.10%
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1.10%
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1.04%
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Share Status
|
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1 Year
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3 Years
|
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5 Years
|
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10 Years
|
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Class A
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Sold or Held
|
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$507
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$820
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$1,175
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$2,767
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Class C
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Sold
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$313
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$691
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$1,217
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$3,229
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Held
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$213
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$691
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$1,217
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$3,229
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Class I
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Sold or Held
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$112
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|
$385
|
|
|
$699
|
|
|
$2,224
|
|
|
Class R6
|
|
|
Sold or Held
|
|
|
$106
|
|
|
$366
|
|
|
$667
|
|
|
$2,176
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
|
|
|
Class A
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
|
Class I
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)
|
|
|
3.75%
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of purchase price or redemption proceeds)
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
1.00%
(a)
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value
of your investment)
|
|
|
Class A
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
|
Class I
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Management Fees
|
|
|
0.80%
|
|
|
0.80%
|
|
|
0.80%
|
|
|
Distribution and Shareholder Servicing (12b-1) Fees
|
|
|
0.25%
|
|
|
1.00%
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Other Expenses
(b)
|
|
|
1.06%
|
|
|
1.06%
|
|
|
1.06%
|
|
|
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
|
|
|
0.01%
|
|
|
0.01%
|
|
|
0.01%
|
|
|
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
|
|
|
2.12%
|
|
|
2.87%
|
|
|
1.87%
|
|
|
Less: Expense Reimbursement
(c)
|
|
|
(0.71)%
|
|
|
(0.71)%
|
|
|
(0.71)%
|
|
|
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
|
|
|
1.41%
|
|
|
2.16%
|
|
|
1.16%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share Status
|
|
|
1 Year
|
|
|
3 Years
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Class A
|
|
|
Sold or Held
|
|
|
$513
|
|
|
$948
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
|
Sold
|
|
|
$319
|
|
|
$822
|
|
|
Held
|
|
|
$219
|
|
|
$822
|
|
|||
|
Class I
|
|
|
Sold or Held
|
|
|
$118
|
|
|
$519
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A Shares
|
|
|
Class C Shares
|
|
|
Class I Shares
|
|
|
Class R6
Shares
|
|
|
Through Date
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
2.45%
|
|
|
3.20%
|
|
|
2.20%
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
February 29, 2016
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
2.40%
|
|
|
3.15%
|
|
|
2.15%
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
February 29, 2016
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
2.60%
|
|
|
3.35%
|
|
|
2.35%
|
|
|
2.34%
|
|
|
February 29, 2016
|
|
|
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
1.35%
|
|
|
2.10%
|
|
|
1.10%
|
|
|
1.04%
|
|
|
February 28, 2017
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
1.40%
|
|
|
2.15%
|
|
|
1.15%
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
February 29, 2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A Shares
|
|
|
Class C Shares
|
|
|
Class I Shares
|
|
|
Class R6 Shares
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
2.68%
|
|
|
3.43%
|
|
|
2.46%
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
2.71%
|
|
|
3.47%
|
|
|
2.48%
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
3.06%
|
|
|
3.80%
|
|
|
2.79%
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
1.41%
|
|
|
2.16%
|
|
|
1.16%
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Risks
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Allocation
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Commodity and Commodity-Linked Instruments
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Commodity Pool
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Contingent
Convertible Securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible Securities
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Counterparty
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Debt Securities
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Call
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Credit
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Interest Rate
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Insolvency and Bankruptcy
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Derivatives
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Equity Securities
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
Small and Medium Market Capitalization Companies
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Exchange-Traded Funds
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
||||
|
Foreign Currency Transactions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
||
|
Foreign Investing
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Currency Rate
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Emerging Market Investing
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
High Yield-High Risk Securities (Junk Bonds)
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Inflation-Linked Securities
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Infrastructure-Related Investments
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Leverage
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Liquidity
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Market Volatility
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Master Limited Partnership (“MLP”)
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
Multi-Manager Approach
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Natural Resources
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
New Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Non-Diversification
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Turnover
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Preferred Stocks
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
Real Estate
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
REIT and REOC Securities
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Short Sales
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Risks
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Short-Term Investments
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Structured Products Risk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Subsidiary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Tax
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
U.S. Government Securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Strategy
|
|
|
Strategy Subadviser(s)
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Long/Short Credit
|
|
|
Brigade Capital Management, LLC
(“Brigade”)
ICE Canyon LLC (“ICE Canyon”)
MAST Capital Management, LLC
(“MAST”)
|
|
|
Master Limited Partnership
|
|
|
Harvest Fund Advisors LLC (“Harvest”)
|
|
|||
|
Real Estate
|
|
|
LaSalle Investment Management
Securities, LLC (“LaSalle”)
|
|
|||
|
Global Income
|
|
|
Lazard Asset Management LLC
(“Lazard”)
|
|
|||
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Commodity
|
|
|
Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC
(“Credit Suisse”)
|
|
|
Infrastructure
|
|
|
Lazard
|
|
|||
|
Master Limited Partnership
|
|
|
Harvest
|
|
|||
|
Real Estate
|
|
|
LaSalle
|
|
|||
|
Long/Short Credit
|
|
|
Armored Wolf, LLC (“Armored Wolf”)
Brigade
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Strategy
|
|
|
Strategy Subadviser(s)
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Convertible Arbitrage
|
|
|
Lazard
|
|
|
Global Macro
|
|
|
Graham Capital Management, L.P. (“Graham”)
|
|
|||
|
Long/Short Equity
|
|
|
Ascend Capital, LLC (“Ascend”)
Owl Creek Asset Management, L.P. (“Owl Creek”)
|
|
|||
|
Long/Short Credit
|
|
|
Armored Wolf
Brigade
ICE Canyon
MAST
|
|
|||
|
Master Limited Partnership
|
|
|
Harvest
|
|
|||
|
Infrastructure
|
|
|
Lazard
|
|
|||
|
Real Estate
|
|
|
LaSalle
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus
Credit Opportunities
Fund
|
|
|
Newfleet Asset Management, LLC (“Newfleet”)
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
Newfleet
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
|
|
0.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First $5 billion
|
|
|
$5+ billion
|
|
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
1.80
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.70
|
%
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
1.95
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.90
|
%
|
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
|
0.80
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Kathleen Barchick (since April 2014)
Warun Kumar (since May 2014)
Stephen Nesbitt (since April 2014)
Amy Robinson (since April 2014)
Daniel Stern (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Inflation Solution Fund
Virtus Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
John Brynjolfsson (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Malcolm Fairbairn (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Donald E. Morgan III (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Christopher Burton (since April 2014)
Nelson Louie (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Pablo Calderini (since April 2014)
Kenneth G. Tropin (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Eric Conklin (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Nathan Sandler (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Stanley Kraska (since April 2014)
Keith Pauley (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Andrew Lacey (since April 2014)
Patrick Ryan (since April 2014)
Kyle Waldhauer (since April 2014)
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
John Mulquiney (since April 2014)
Warryn Robertson (since April 2014)
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
John Mulquiney (since April 2014)
Sean Reynolds (since April 2014)
Warryn Robertson (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Joe Lu (since April 2014)
Peter Reed (since April 2014)
David Steinberg (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
David L. Albrycht (since June 2015)
Edwin Tai (since June 2015)
Manases Zarco (since June 2015)
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
David L. Albrycht (since September 2014)
Francesco Ossino (since September 2014)
Jonathan R. Stanley (since September 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Jeffrey Altman (since April 2014)
Daniel Krueger (since April 2014)
Jeffrey Lee (since April 2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Risks
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Commodity and Commodity-Linked Instruments
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Cybersecurity Risk
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Depositary Receipts
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Equity Securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
||||
|
Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”)
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Foreign Currency Transactions
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Money Market Instruments
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
||
|
Municipal Securities
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Mutual Fund Investing
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
Operational Risk
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Private Placements
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Repurchase Agreements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
Securities Lending
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|||
|
Tax-Exempt Securities
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
U.S. Government Securities
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Variable Rate, Floating Rate and Variable Amount Securities
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Zero Coupon, Step Coupon, Deferred Coupon and PIK Bonds
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Class A
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
|
Class I
|
|
|
Class R6
|
|
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
0.25
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
0.25
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
0.25
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
|
|
0.25
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
|
0.25
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a percentage of
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
|
Net Amount Invested
|
|
||||||||
|
Under $50,000
|
|
|
|
|
5.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.10
|
%
|
|
|
|
$50,000 but under $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
4.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.99
|
|
|
|
|
$100,000 but under $250,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.90
|
|
|
|
|
$250,000 but under $500,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.83
|
|
|
|
|
$500,000 but under $1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.04
|
|
|
|
|
$1,000,000 or more
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a percentage of
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
|
Net Amount Invested
|
|
||||||||
|
Under $50,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.90
|
%
|
|
|
|
$50,000 but under $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.63
|
|
|
|
|
$100,000 but under $250,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.36
|
|
|
|
|
$250,000 but under $500,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.30
|
|
|
|
|
$500,000 but under $1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.78
|
|
|
|
|
$1,000,000 or more
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
2+
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
CDSC
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Amount
Invested
|
|
|
Dealer Discount as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Under $50,000
|
|
|
|
|
5.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.10
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
$50,000 but under $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
4.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.99
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.25
|
|
|
|
|
$100,000 but under $250,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
|
|
|
|
$250,000 but under $500,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.83
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.25
|
|
|
|
|
$500,000 but under $1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
|
|
|
|
$1,000,000 or more
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Amount
Invested
|
|
|
Dealer Discount as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Under $50,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.90
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
%
|
|
|
|
$50,000 but under $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.63
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
|
$100,000 but under $250,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.36
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.75
|
|
|
|
|
$250,000 but under $500,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
|
$500,000 but under $1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.78
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.50
|
|
|
|
|
$1,000,000 or more
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To Open An Account
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Through a financial advisor
|
|
|
Contact your advisor. Some advisors may charge a fee and may set different minimum investments or limitations on buying shares.
|
|
|
Through the mail
|
|
|
Complete a new account application and send it with a check payable to the funds. Mail them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074.
|
|
|
Through express delivery
|
|
|
Complete a new account application and send it with a check payable to the funds. Send them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581-1722.
|
|
|
By Federal Funds wire
|
|
|
Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0).
|
|
|
By Systematic Purchase
|
|
|
Complete the appropriate section on the application and send it with your initial investment payable to the funds. Mail them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074.
|
|
|
By telephone exchange
|
|
|
Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To Sell Shares
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Through a financial advisor
|
|
|
Contact your advisor. Some advisors may charge a fee and may set different minimums on redemptions of accounts.
|
|
|
Through the mail
|
|
|
Send a letter of instruction to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074. Be sure to include the registered owner’s name, fund and account number, and number of shares or dollar value you wish to sell.
|
|
|
Through express delivery
|
|
|
Send a letter of instruction to: Virtus Mutual Funds, 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581-1722. Be sure to include the registered owner’s name, fund and account number, and number of shares or dollar value you wish to sell.
|
|
|
By telephone
|
|
|
For sales up to $50,000, requests can be made by calling 800-243-1574.
|
|
|
By telephone exchange
|
|
|
Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Dividend Paid
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Quarterly
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Semiannually
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Semiannually
|
|
|
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
Quarterly
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
Monthly (Declared Daily)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period
|
|
|
Net Investment Income (Loss)
(1)
|
|
|
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)
|
|
|
Total from Investment Operations
|
|
|
Dividends from Net Investment Income
|
|
|
Distributions from Realized Short-Term Gains
|
|
|
Total Distributions
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Net Asset Value
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, End of Period
|
|
|
Total Return
(2)
|
|
|
Net Assets, End of Period (in thousands)
|
|
|
Ratio of Expenses (including dividends and interest on short sales after expense waivers and reimbursements) to Average Net Assets
(3)(4)(5)
|
|
|
Ratio of Expenses (including dividends and interest on short sales before expense waivers and reimbursements) to Average Net Assets
|
|
|
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets
|
|
|
Portfolio Turnover Rate
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Class A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(6)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.14
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.15
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.82
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
747
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.65
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.76
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.56
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
49
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(6)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.14
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.12
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.13
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.38
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
387
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.40
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.39
|
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.81
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
49
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class I
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(6)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.19
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.90
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
41,446
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.43
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.70
|
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.79
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
49
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Class A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(6)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
(9)
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.11
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.11
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.11
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.11
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.10
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.69
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.03
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(6)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.80
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
152
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.45
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.88
|
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.71
|
)%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class I
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(6)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.02
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.20
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
32,293
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.46
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.97
|
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.29
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund(
10)
|
|
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Class A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(6)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.19
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.17
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.70
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
7,136
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.02
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.93
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.30
|
)%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
195
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(6)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.06
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.19
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.30
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,325
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.76
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.66
|
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1.04
|
)%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
195
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class I
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(6)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
(9)
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.18
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.80
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
63,900
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.75
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.85
|
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
195
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period
|
|
|
Net Investment Income (Loss)
(1)
|
|
|
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)
|
|
|
Total from Investment Operations
|
|
|
Dividends from Net Investment Income
|
|
|
Distributions from Realized Short-Term Gains
|
|
|
Total Distributions
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Net Asset Value
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, End of Period
|
|
|
Total Return
(2)
|
|
|
Net Assets, End of Period (in thousands)
|
|
|
Ratio of Expenses (including dividends and interest on short sales after expense waivers and reimbursements) to Average Net Assets
(3)(4)(5)
|
|
|
Ratio of Expenses (including dividends and interest on short sales before expense waivers and reimbursements) to Average Net Assets
|
|
|
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets
|
|
|
Portfolio Turnover Rate
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Class A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(11)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.06
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
9.95
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.33
|
)%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
119
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.40
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.71
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.84
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
83
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(11)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.02
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.06
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
9.95
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.43
|
)%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.15
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.85
|
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.09
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
83
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class I
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/14
(11)
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.06
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
9.95
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.29
|
)%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
24,721
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.15
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.85
|
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.09
|
%
(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
83
|
%
(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TICKER SYMBOL BY CLASS
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FUND
|
|
|
A
|
|
|
C
|
|
|
I
|
|
|
R6
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
VAIAX
|
|
|
VAICX
|
|
|
VAIIX
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
VSAIX
|
|
|
VSICX
|
|
|
VIASX
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
VATAX
|
|
|
VATCX
|
|
|
VATIX
|
|
|
VATRX
|
|
|
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
VCOAX
|
|
|
VCOCX
|
|
|
VCOIX
|
|
|
VRCOX
|
|
|
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
VMSAX
|
|
|
VCMSX
|
|
|
VMSIX
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
VASBX
|
|
|
VSBCX
|
|
|
VISBX
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PAGE
|
|
|
|
Glossary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General Information and History
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
More Information About Fund Investment Strategies & Related Risks
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Limitations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management of the Trust
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Advisory and Other Services
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distribution Plans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Managers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investor Account Services and Policies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Performance Information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Appendix A — Description of Ratings
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Appendix B — Control Persons and Principal Shareholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1933 Act
|
|
|
The Securities Act of 1933, as amended
|
|
|
1940 Act
|
|
|
The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended
|
|
|
ACH
|
|
|
Automated Clearing House, a nationwide electronic money transfer system that provides for the inter-bank clearing of credit and debit transactions and for the exchange of information among participating financial institutions
|
|
|
Administrator
|
|
|
The Trust’s administrative agent, Virtus Fund Services, LLC
|
|
|
ADRs
|
|
|
American Depositary Receipts
|
|
|
ADSs
|
|
|
American Depositary Shares
|
|
|
Adviser
|
|
|
The investment adviser to the Funds, Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc.
|
|
|
AIA
|
|
|
Aviva Investors Americas LLC, subadviser to the Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Alternative Solution Funds
|
|
|
Collectively, Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund, and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Armored Wolf
|
|
|
Armored Wolf, LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Ascend
|
|
|
Ascend Capital, LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Bank of New York Mellon
|
|
|
The Bank of New York Mellon, the custodian of the Funds’ assets
|
|
|
BNY Mellon
|
|
|
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., the sub-administrative and accounting agent for the Funds
|
|
|
Board
|
|
|
The Board of Trustees of Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
|
|
|
Brigade
|
|
|
Brigade Capital Management, LP, a subadviser to each Fund except the Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
CCO
|
|
|
Chief Compliance Officer
|
|
|
CDRs
|
|
|
Continental Depositary Receipts (another name for EDRs)
|
|
|
CDSC
|
|
|
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge
|
|
|
CEA
|
|
|
Commodity Exchange Act, which is the U.S. law governing trading in commodity futures
|
|
|
CFTC
|
|
|
Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which is the U.S. regulator governing trading in commodity futures
|
|
|
Cliffwater
|
|
|
Cliffwater Investments LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Solution Funds
|
|
|
Code
|
|
|
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which is the law governing U.S. federal taxes
|
|
|
Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
Credit Suisse
|
|
|
Credit Suisse Asset Management, a subadviser to the Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Custodian
|
|
|
The custodian of the Funds’ assets, The Bank of New York Mellon
|
|
|
EDRs
|
|
|
European Depositary Receipts (another name for CDRs)
|
|
|
ETFs
|
|
|
Exchange-traded Funds
|
|
|
ETNs
|
|
|
Exchange-traded Notes
|
|
|
FHFA
|
|
|
Federal Housing Finance Agency, an independent Federal agency that regulates FNMA, FHLMC and the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks
|
|
|
FHLMC
|
|
|
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, also known as “Freddie Mac”, which is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FINRA
|
|
|
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, a self-regulatory organization with authority over registered broker-dealers operating in the United States, including VP Distributors
|
|
|
Fitch
|
|
|
Fitch Ratings, Inc.
|
|
|
FNMA
|
|
|
Federal National Mortgage Association, also known as “Fannie Mae”, which is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders and subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
|
|
|
Funds
|
|
|
The series of the Trust discussed in this SAI
|
|
|
GDRs
|
|
|
Global Depositary Receipts
|
|
|
GICs
|
|
|
Guaranteed Investment Contracts
|
|
|
GNMA
|
|
|
Government National Mortgage Association, also known as “Ginnie Mae”, which is a wholly-owned United States Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development
|
|
|
Graham
|
|
|
Graham Capital Management, L.P., a subadviser to the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Harvest
|
|
|
Harvest Fund Advisors LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Solutions Funds
|
|
|
ICE Canyon
|
|
|
ICE Canyon LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Income Solution Fund and the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
IMF
|
|
|
International Monetary Fund, an international organization seeking to promote international economic cooperation, international trade, employment and exchange rate stability, among other things
|
|
|
Independent Trustees
|
|
|
Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Trust, as that term is defined by the 1940 Act
|
|
|
IRA
|
|
|
Individual Retirement Account
|
|
|
IRS
|
|
|
The United States Internal Revenue Service, which is the arm of the U.S. government that administers and enforces the Code
|
|
|
LaSalle
|
|
|
LaSalle Investment Management Securities, LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Solutions Funds
|
|
|
Lazard
|
|
|
Lazard Asset Management, LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Solutions Funds
|
|
|
LIBOR
|
|
|
London Interbank Offering Rate, an interest rate at which banks can borrow funds, in marketable size, from other banks in the London interbank market
|
|
|
MAST
|
|
|
MAST Capital Management, LLC, a subadviser to the Alternative Income Solution Fund and the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Moody’s
|
|
|
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
NAV
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, which is the per-share price of a Fund
|
|
|
Newfleet
|
|
|
Newfleet Asset Management, LLC, subadviser to the Strategic Income Fund and Credit Opportunities Fund.
|
|
|
NYSE
|
|
|
New York Stock Exchange
|
|
|
OCC
|
|
|
Options Clearing Corporation, a large equity derivatives clearing corporation
|
|
|
Owl Creek
|
|
|
Owl Creek Asset Management, L.P., a subadviser to the Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
PERLS
|
|
|
Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities
|
|
|
PNX
|
|
|
Phoenix Life Insurance Company, which is the former parent company of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., and certain of its corporate affiliates
|
|
|
Prospectuses
|
|
|
The prospectuses for the Funds, as amended from time to time
|
|
|
PwC
|
|
|
PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust
|
|
|
Regulations
|
|
|
The Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RIC
|
|
|
Regulated Investment Company, a designation under the Code indicating a U.S.-registered investment company meeting the specifications under the Code allowing the investment company to be exempt from paying U.S. federal income taxes
|
|
|
S&P
|
|
|
Standard & Poor’s Corporation
|
|
|
S&P 500
®
Index
|
|
|
The Standard & Poor’s 500
®
Index, which is a free-float market
capitalization-weighted index of 500 of the largest U.S. companies, calculated on a total return basis with dividends reinvested
|
|
|
SAI
|
|
|
This Statement of Additional Information
|
|
|
SEC
|
|
|
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
|
|
|
SIFMA
|
|
|
Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (formerly, the Bond Market Association), a financial industry trade group consisting of broker-dealers and asset managers across the United States
|
|
|
SMBS
|
|
|
Stripped Mortgage-backed Securities
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
Transfer Agent
|
|
|
The Trust’s transfer agent, Virtus Fund Services, LLC
|
|
|
Trust
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
|
|
|
VAIA
|
|
|
Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc., the Adviser to the Funds
|
|
|
Virtus
|
|
|
Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., which is the parent company of the Adviser, Cliffwater, the Distributor, the Administrator/Transfer Agent and Virtus Partners, Inc.
|
|
|
Virtus Fund Services
|
|
|
Virtus Fund Services, LLC, the Administrator/Transfer Agent to the Funds
|
|
|
Virtus Mutual Funds
|
|
|
The family of funds consisting of the Funds, the series of Virtus Equity Trust, the series of Virtus Insight Trust and the series of Virtus Opportunities Trust
|
|
|
VP Distributors
|
|
|
VP Distributors, LLC, the Distributor of shares of the Funds
|
|
|
VVIT
|
|
|
Virtus Variable Insurance Trust, a separate trust consisting of several series advised by Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc., an affiliate of the Adviser, and distributed by VP Distributors
|
|
|
World Bank
|
|
|
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Investment Objective
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of maximizing current income while considering capital appreciation.
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of total return in excess of inflation.
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation through investments that have a low correlation to traditional asset classes.
|
|
|
Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of seeking long-term total return, which may include investment returns from a combination of sources including capital appreciation and interest income.
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of long-term total return.
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
The fund has an investment objective of seeking total return comprised of income and capital appreciation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Service Provider
|
|
|
Name of Service Provider
|
|
|
Timing of Release of Portfolio Holdings Information
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Adviser
|
|
|
VAIA
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund)
|
|
|
AIA
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Armored Wolf
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Ascend
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Brigade
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Cliffwater
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Inflation Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Credit Suisse
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Graham
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Harvest
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
ICE Canyon
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
LaSalle
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Lazard
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Income Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
MAST
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser
(Credit Opportunities
Fund and Strategic
Income Fund)
|
|
|
Newfleet
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Subadviser (Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Owl Creek
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Administrator
|
|
|
Virtus Fund Services
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Distributor
|
|
|
VP Distributors
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Service Provider
|
|
|
Name of Service Provider
|
|
|
Timing of Release of Portfolio Holdings Information
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Custodian
|
|
|
Bank of New York Mellon
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Sub-Financial Agent
|
|
|
BNY Mellon
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Risk Reporting Services Provider
|
|
|
Blackrock Financial Management, Inc.
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
|
|
PwC
|
|
|
Annual Reporting Period, within 15 business days of end of reporting period
|
|
|
Typesetting and Printing Firm for Financial Reports
|
|
|
R.R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
|
|
|
Quarterly, within 15 days of end of reporting period
|
|
|
Proxy Voting Service
|
|
|
ISS
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Performance Analytics Firm
|
|
|
FactSet Research Systems, Inc
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
TV Financial Markets Talk Shows
|
|
|
CNBC
|
|
|
Monthly for holdings over 1% of issuer equity, in aggregate
*
|
|
|
Class Action Provider
|
|
|
Battea-Class Action Services, LLC
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Backend Compliance Monitoring System
|
|
|
Financial Tracking
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Middle Office Services for Armored Wolf (Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
BNY Mellon
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Reconciliation Processing for Ascend (Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Indus Valley Partners (India) Pvt Ltd
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
3rd Party Administrator for Brigade (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
SS&C Technologies
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Employee Compliance Software for Brigade (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
HedgeOp compliance, LLC doing business as Cordium
|
|
|
Weekly
|
|
|
Reconciliation Processing for Credit Suisse (Alternative Inflation Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Citibank N.A.
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
3rd Party Administrator for Graham (Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
SEI Global Services, Inc.
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
3rd Party Administrator for Harvest (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Wells Fargo Prime Services LLC
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Reconciliation Processing for LaSalle (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Electra Information Systems, Inc.
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
3rd Party Administrator for Lazard (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
State Street Investment Manager Services
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Risk and Order Management System for Lazard (Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund)
|
|
|
Kynex
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
3rd Party Administrator for AIA
(Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund)
|
|
|
JP Morgan
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
Risk Management System for AIA
(Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund)
|
|
|
Cognity
|
|
|
Daily, with no delay
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of Service Provider
|
|
|
Name of Service Provider
|
|
|
Timing of Release of Portfolio Holdings Information
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Portfolio Redistribution Firms
|
|
|
Bloomberg, Standard & Poor’s and Thomson Reuters
|
|
|
Quarterly, 60 days after fiscal quarter end
|
|
|
Rating Agencies
|
|
|
Lipper Inc. and Morningstar
|
|
|
Quarterly, 60 days after fiscal quarter end
|
|
|
Virtus Public Web site
|
|
|
Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.
|
|
|
Quarterly, 60 days after fiscal quarter end
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trust
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Class/Shares
|
|
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
A
|
|
|
B
|
|
|
C
|
|
|
I
|
|
|
R6
|
|
|
T
|
|
||||||
|
Virtus Equity Trust
|
|
|
Balanced Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Contrarian Value Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Growth & Income Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Mid-Cap Core Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Quality Large-Cap Value Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Quality Small-Cap Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Small-Cap Core Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Strategic Growth Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Tactical Allocation Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Virtus Insight Trust
|
|
|
Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
||
|
Low Duration Income Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trust
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Class/Shares
|
|
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
A
|
|
|
B
|
|
|
C
|
|
|
I
|
|
|
R6
|
|
|
T
|
|
||||||
|
Virtus Opportunities Trust
|
|
|
Alternatives Diversifier Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Disciplined Equity Style Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Disciplined Select Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Disciplined Select Country Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Dynamic Trend Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Emerging Markets Debt Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Emerging Markets Equity Small-Cap Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Equity Trend Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Essential Resources Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Foreign Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Global Dividend Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Global Equity Trend Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Global Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Global Real Estate Securities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Greater European Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Herzfeld Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
High Yield Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
International Equity Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
International Real Estate Securities Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
International Small-Cap Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
International Wealth Masters Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Low Volatility Equity Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Multi-Asset Trend Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
||||
|
Real Estate Securities Fund
|
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Sector Trend Fund
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X
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X
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X
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Senior Floating Rate Fund
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X
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X
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X
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Wealth Masters Fund
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X
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X
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X
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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Commodities-Related Investing Risk
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Commodity-related companies may underperform the stock market as a whole. The value of securities issued by commodity-related companies may be affected by factors affecting a particular industry or commodity. The operations and financial performance of commodity-related companies may be directly affected by commodity prices, especially those commodity-related companies that own the underlying commodity. The stock prices of such companies may also experience greater price volatility than other types of common stocks. Securities issued by commodity-related companies are sensitive to changes in the supply and demand for, and thus the prices of, commodities. Volatility of commodity prices, which may lead to a reduction in production or supply, may also negatively impact the performance of commodity and natural resources companies that are solely involved in the transportation, processing, storing, distribution or marketing of commodities. Volatility of commodity prices may also make it more difficult for commodity-related companies to raise capital to the extent the market perceives that their performance may be directly or indirectly tied to commodity prices.
Certain types of commodities instruments (such as commodity-linked notes) are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument will not perform or will be unable to perform in accordance with the terms of the instrument.
Exposure to commodities and commodities markets may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. No active trading market may exist for certain commodities investments, which may impair the ability of the Fund to sell or to realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such investments. In addition, adverse market conditions may impair the liquidity of actively traded commodities investments.
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Commodity Interests
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Certain of the derivative investment types permitted for the Funds may be considered commodity interests for purposes of the CEA and regulations approved by the CFTC. Investing in commodity interests, outside of certain conditions required to qualify for exemption or exclusion, will cause a Fund to be deemed a commodity pool, thereby subjecting the Fund to regulation under the CEA and CFTC rules. In that event, the Adviser will be registered as a Commodity Pool Operator, certain of the Fund’s Subadvisers will be registered as Commodity Trading Advisers, and the Fund will be operated in accordance with CFTC rules. Because of the applicable registration requirements and rules, investing the Fund’s assets in commodity interests could cause the fund to incur additional expenses. Alternatively, to the extent that a Fund limits its exposure to commodity interests in order to qualify for exemption from being considered a commodity pool, the Fund’s use of investment techniques described in its Prospectus and this SAI may be limited or restricted.
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As of the date of this SAI, each Fund other than those discussed below intends to limit the use of such investment types as required to qualify for exclusion or exemption from being considered a “commodity pool” or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in commodity interests under such regulations, and each Fund has filed a notice
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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of exclusion under CFTC Regulation 4.5 or exemption under CFTC Regulation 4.13(a)(3); however, Alternative Total Solution Fund and Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund each intend to be treated as a commodity pool subject to regulation under the CEA and CFTC rules, the Adviser is registered as a Commodity Pool Operator with respect to each of them and the subsidiary of Alternative Total Solution Fund, and certain of the Funds’ subadvisers are registered as Commodity Trading Advisers with respect to the respective Fund.
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Debt Investing
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Each Fund may invest in debt, or fixed income, securities. Debt, or fixed income, securities (which include corporate bonds, commercial paper, debentures, notes, government securities, municipal obligations, state- or state agency-issued obligations, obligations of foreign issuers, asset-or mortgage-backed securities, and other obligations) are used by issuers to borrow money and thus are debt obligations of the issuer. Holders of debt securities are creditors of the issuer, normally ranking ahead of holders of both common and preferred stock as to dividends or upon liquidation. The issuer usually pays a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest and must repay the amount borrowed at the security’s maturity. Some debt securities, such as zero-coupon securities (discussed below), do not pay interest but may be typically sold at a deep discount from their face value.
Yields on debt securities depend on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money, bond, and note markets, the size of a particular offering, the maturity date of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in market conditions than obligations with shorter maturities. An increase in interest rates generally will reduce the market value of portfolio debt securities, while a decline in interest rates generally will increase the value of the same securities. The achievement of a Fund’s investment objective depends in part on the continuing ability of the issuers of the debt securities in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of principal and interest when due. Obligations of issuers of debt securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, sovereign immunity, and other laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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ability of an issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its debt securities may be materially affected.
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Convertible Securities
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A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, or other security that entitles the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specific price or formula. It generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued until the security matures or is redeemed, converted, or exchanged. Convertible securities may have several unique investment characteristics such as (1) higher yields than common stocks, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities, (2) a lesser degree of fluctuation in value then the underlying stock since they have fixed income characteristics and (3) the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.
Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible debt securities. Convertible securities often rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, are often viewed as entailing less risk than the corporation’s common stock, although the extent to which this is true depends in large measure on the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security. However, because convertible securities are often viewed by the issuer as future common stock, they are often subordinated to other senior securities and therefore are rated one category lower than the issuer’s non-convertible debt obligations or preferred stock.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption or conversion at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund could be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to the underlying common stock. The Fund generally would invest in convertible securities for their favorable price characteristics and total return potential, and would normally not exercise an option to convert. The Fund might be more willing to convert such securities to common stock.
A Fund’s subadviser will select only those convertible securities for which it believes (a) the underlying common stock is a suitable investment for the Fund and (b) a greater potential for total return exists by purchasing the convertible security because of its higher yield and/or favorable market valuation. However, the Fund may invest in convertible debt securities rated less than investment grade. Debt securities rated less than investment grade are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” (For information about debt securities rated less than investment grade, see “High Yield-High Risk (Junk Bonds) Securities” under “Debt Investing” in this section of the SAI; for additional information about ratings on debt obligations, see Appendix A to this SAI.)
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Corporate Debt Securities
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Each Fund may invest in debt securities issued by corporations, limited partnerships and other similar entities. A Fund’s investments in debt securities of domestic or foreign corporate issuers include bonds, debentures, notes and other similar corporate debt instruments, including convertible securities that meet the Fund’s minimum ratings criteria or if unrated are, in the Fund’s subadviser’s opinion, comparable in quality to corporate debt securities that meet those criteria. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies or to the value of commodities, such as gold.
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Dollar-denominated Foreign Debt Securities (“Yankee Bonds”)
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Each Fund may invest in “Yankee bonds”, which are dollar-denominated instruments issued in the U.S. market by foreign branches of U.S. banks and U.S. branches of foreign banks. Since these instruments are dollar-denominated, they are not affected by variations in currency exchange rates. They are influenced primarily by interest rate levels in the United States and by the financial condition of the issuer, or of the issuer’s foreign parent. However, investing in these instruments may present a greater degree of risk than investing in domestic securities, due to less publicly available information, less securities regulation, war or expropriation. Special considerations may include higher brokerage costs and thinner trading markets. Investments in foreign countries could be affected by other factors including extended settlement periods. (See “Foreign Investing” in this section of the SAI for additional information about investing in foreign countries.)
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Duration
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Duration is a time measure of a bond’s interest-rate sensitivity, based on the weighted average of the time periods over which a bond’s cash flows accrue to the bondholder. Time periods are weighted by multiplying by the present value of its cash flow divided by the bond’s price. (A bond’s cash flows consist of coupon payments and repayment of capital.) A bond’s duration will almost always be shorter than its maturity, with the exception of zero-coupon bonds, for which maturity and duration are equal.
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Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs)
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Generally, ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark or strategy minus applicable fees. ETNs are traded on an exchange during normal trading hours. However, investors can also hold the ETN until maturity. At maturity, the issuer pays to the investor a cash amount equal to the principal amount, subject to the day’s market benchmark or strategy factor.
ETNs do not make periodic coupon payments or provide principal protection. ETNs are subject to credit risk, and the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When a Fund invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing, and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.
ETNs are also subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the IRS will accept, or a court will uphold, how a Fund characterizes and treats ETNs for tax purposes. Further, the IRS and Congress are considering proposals that would change the timing and character of income and gains from ETNs.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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An ETN that is tied to a specific market benchmark or strategy may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market benchmark or strategy. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid and, thus, they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs are subject to the same risks as other instruments that use leverage in any form.
The market value of ETN shares may differ from that of their market benchmark or strategy. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETN shares at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities, commodities or other components underlying the market benchmark or strategy that the ETN seeks to track. As a result, there may be times when an ETN share trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark or strategy.
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High-Yield, High-Risk Fixed Income Securities ("Junk Bonds")
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Investments in securities rated “BB” or below by S&P or Fitch, or “Ba” or below by Moody’s generally provide greater income (leading to the name “high-yield” securities) and opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility, liquidity, and principal and income risk. These securities are regarded as predominantly speculative as to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payment obligations. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of lower-quality debt securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher-quality debt securities.
Interest-bearing securities typically experience appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. The market values of low-rated securities tend to reflect individual corporate developments to a greater extent than do higher-rated securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Low-rated securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than higher-rated securities. As a result, they generally involve more credit risks than securities in the higher-rated categories. During an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of low-rated securities may experience financial stress and may not have sufficient revenues to meet their payment obligations. The issuer’s ability to service its debt obligations may also be adversely affected by specific corporate developments, the issuer’s inability to meet specific projected business forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss due to default by an issuer of low-rated securities is generally considered to be significantly greater than issuers of higher-rated securities because such securities are usually unsecured and are often subordinated to other creditors. Further, if the issuer of a low-rated security defaulted, the applicable Fund might incur additional expenses in seeking recovery. Periods of economic uncertainty and changes would also generally result in increased volatility in the market prices of low-rated securities and thus in the applicable Fund’s NAV.
Low-rated securities often contain redemption, call or prepayment provisions which permit the issuer of the securities containing such provisions to, at its discretion, redeem the securities. During periods of falling interest rates, issuers of low-rated securities are likely to redeem or prepay the securities and refinance them with debt securities with a lower interest rate. To the extent an issuer is able to
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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refinance the securities or otherwise redeem them, the applicable Fund may have to replace the securities with a lower yielding security which would result in lower returns for the Fund.
A Fund may have difficulty disposing of certain low-rated securities because there may be a thin trading market for such securities. Because not all dealers maintain markets in all low-rated securities, there is no established retail secondary market for many of these securities. The Funds anticipate that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. To the extent a secondary trading market does exist, it is generally not as liquid as the secondary market for higher-rated securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the market price of the security, and accordingly, the NAV of a particular Fund and its ability to dispose of particular securities when necessary to meet its liquidity needs, or in response to a specific economic event, or an event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The lack of a liquid secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing its respective portfolio. Market quotations are generally available on many low-rated issues only from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices for actual sales. During periods of thin trading, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of low-rated securities, especially in a thinly-traded market. If a Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to liquidate a portion of its portfolio securities without regard to their investment merits. Due to the limited liquidity of low-rated securities, the Fund may be forced to liquidate these securities at a substantial discount. Any such liquidation would reduce the Fund’s asset base over which expenses could be allocated and could result in a reduced rate of return for the Fund.
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Interest Rate Environment Risk
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In the wake of the financial crisis that began in 2007, the Federal Reserve System attempted to stabilize the U.S. economy and support the U.S. economic recovery by keeping the federal funds rate at or near zero percent. In addition, the Federal Reserve has purchased large quantities of securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities on the open market (the “quantitative easing program”). As a result, the United States is experiencing historically low interest rate levels. A low interest rate environment may have an adverse impact on each Fund’s ability to provide a positive yield to its shareholders and pay expenses out of Fund assets because of the low yields from the Fund’s portfolio investments.
However, continued economic recovery and the cessation of the quantitative easing program increase the risk that interest rates will rise in the near future and that the Funds will face a heightened level of interest rate risk. Federal Reserve policy changes may expose fixed-income and related markets to heightened volatility and may reduce liquidity for certain Fund investments, which could cause the value of a Fund’s investments and a Fund’s share price to decline or create difficulties for the Fund in disposing of investments. A Fund that invests in derivatives tied to fixed-income markets may be more substantially exposed to these risks than a Fund that does not invest in derivatives. A Fund could also be forced to liquidate its investments
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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at disadvantageous times or prices, thereby adversely affecting the Fund. To the extent a Fund experiences high redemptions because of these policy changes, the Fund may experience increased portfolio turnover, which will increase the costs that the Fund incurs and lower the Fund’s performance.
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Inverse Floating Rate Obligations
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Certain variable rate securities pay interest at a rate that varies inversely to prevailing short-term interest rates (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters). For example, upon reset the interest rate payable on a security may go down when the underlying index has risen. During periods when short-term interest rates are relatively low as compared to long-term interest rates, the Fund may attempt to enhance its yield by purchasing inverse floaters. Certain inverse floaters may have an interest rate reset mechanism that multiplies the effects of changes in the underlying index. While this form of leverage may increase the security’s yield, it may also increase the volatility of the security’s market value.
Similar to other variable and floating rate obligations, effective use of inverse floaters requires skills different from those needed to select most portfolio securities. If movements in interest rates are incorrectly anticipated, a Fund holding these instruments could lose money and its NAV could decline.
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Letters of Credit
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Debt obligations, including municipal obligations, certificates of participation, commercial paper and other short-term obligations, may be backed by an irrevocable letter of credit of a bank that assumes the obligation for payment of principal and interest in the event of default by the issuer. Only banks that, in the opinion of the relevant Fund’s subadviser, are of investment quality comparable to other permitted investments of the Fund may be used for Letter of Credit-backed investments.
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Loan and Debt Participations and Assignments
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A loan participation agreement involves the purchase of a share of a loan made by a bank to a company in return for a corresponding share of the borrower’s principal and interest payments. Loan participations of the type in which the Fund may invest include interests in both secured and unsecured corporate loans. When a Fund purchases loan assignments from lenders, it will acquire direct rights against the borrower, but these rights and the Fund’s obligations may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assignment lender. The principal credit risk associated with acquiring loan participation and assignment interests is the credit risk associated with the underlying corporate borrower. There is also a risk that there may not be a readily available market for participation loan interests and, in some cases, this could result in the Fund disposing of such securities at a substantial discount from face value or holding such securities until maturity.
In the event that a corporate borrower failed to pay its scheduled interest or principal payments on participations held by the Fund, the market value of the affected participation would decline, resulting in a loss of value of such investment to the Fund. Accordingly, such participations are speculative and may result in the income level and net assets of the Fund being reduced. Moreover, loan participation agreements generally limit the right of a participant to resell its interest in the loan to a third party and, as a result, loan participations may be deemed by the Fund to be illiquid investments. A Fund will invest only in participations with respect to borrowers whose creditworthiness is, or is determined by the Fund’s subadviser to be, substantially
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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equivalent to that of issuers whose senior unsubordinated debt securities are rated B or higher by Moody’s or S&P. For the purposes of diversification and/or concentration calculations, both the borrower and issuer will be considered an “issuer.”
The Funds may purchase from banks participation interests in all or part of specific holdings of debt obligations. Each participation interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of the selling bank that the relevant Fund’s subadviser has determined meets the prescribed quality standards of the Fund. Thus, even if the credit of the issuer of the debt obligation does not meet the quality standards of the Fund, the credit of the selling bank will.
Loan participations and assignments may be illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Municipal Securities and Related Investments
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Tax-exempt municipal securities are debt obligations issued by the various states and their subdivisions (e.g., cities, counties, towns, and school districts) to raise funds, generally for various public improvements requiring long-term capital investment. Purposes for which tax-exempt bonds are issued include flood control, airports, bridges and highways, housing, medical facilities, schools, mass transportation and power, water or sewage plants, as well as others. Tax-exempt bonds also are occasionally issued to retire outstanding obligations, to obtain funds for operating expenses or to loan to other public or, in some cases, private sector organizations or to individuals.
Yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money market and the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligations and the rating of the issue. Municipal securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market prices of municipal securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value of portfolio investments. The ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective is also dependent on the continuing ability of the issuers of municipal securities in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due. The ratings of Moody’s and S&P’s represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities which they undertake to rate. Ratings are not absolute standards of quality; consequently, municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon, and rating may have different yields. There are variations in municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, depending on numerous factors. It should also be pointed out that, unlike other types of investments, municipal securities have traditionally not been subject to regulation by, or registration with, the SEC, although there have been proposals which would provide for such regulation in the future.
The federal bankruptcy statutes relating to the debts of political subdivisions and authorities of states of the United States provide that, in certain circumstances, such subdivisions or authorities may be authorized to initiate bankruptcy proceedings without prior notice to or consent of creditors, which proceedings could result in material and adverse changes in the rights of holders of their obligations.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Lawsuits challenging the validity under state constitutions of present systems of financing public education have been initiated or adjusted in a number of states, and legislation has been introduced to effect changes in public school financing in some states. In other instances there have been lawsuits challenging the issuance of pollution control revenue bonds or the validity of their issuance under state or federal law which could ultimately affect the validity of those municipal securities or the tax-free nature of the interest thereon.
Descriptions of some of the municipal securities and related investment types most commonly acquired by the Funds are provided below. In addition to those shown, other types of municipal investments are, or may become, available for investment by the Funds. For the purpose of each Fund’s investment restrictions set forth in this SAI, the identification of the “issuer” of a municipal security which is not a general obligation bond is made by the applicable Fund’s subadviser on the basis of the characteristics of the obligation, the most significant of which is the source of funds for the payment of principal and interest on such security.
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Municipal Bonds
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Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than one year when issued, have two principal classifications: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. Another type of municipal bond is referred to as an industrial development bond.
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General Obligation
Bonds
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Issuers of general obligation bonds include states, counties, cities, towns, and regional districts. The proceeds of these obligations are used to fund a wide range of public projects, including construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, and water and sewer systems. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuer’s pledge of its full faith and credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt service may be limited or unlimited as to the rate or amount of special assessments.
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Industrial
Development Bonds
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Industrial development bonds, which are considered municipal bonds if the interest paid is exempt from Federal income tax, are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance various privately operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports arenas and pollution control. These bonds are also used to finance public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems, ports and parking. The payment of the principal and interest on such bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the facility’s user to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment.
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Revenue Bonds
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The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net revenues derived from a particular facility, group of facilities, or, in some cases, the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Revenue bonds are issued to finance a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas, water and sewer systems; highways, bridges, and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. Although the principal security behind these bonds may vary, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund whose money may be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuer’s obligations. Housing finance authorities have a wide range of security; including partially or fully insured mortgages, rent subsidized and/or collateralized mortgages,
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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and/or the net revenues from housing or other public projects. Some authorities provide further security in the form of a state’s ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt service reserve fund.
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Municipal Leases
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Each Fund may acquire participations in lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations (hereinafter collectively called “lease obligations”) of municipal authorities or entities. Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation may be backed by the municipality’s covenant to budget for, appropriate, and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In addition to the “non-appropriation” risk, these securities represent a relatively new type of financing that has not yet developed the depth of marketability associated with more conventional bonds. In the case of a “non-appropriation” lease, the Fund’s ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default will be limited solely to the repossession of the leased property in the event foreclosure might prove difficult. The Fund’s subadviser will evaluate the credit quality of a municipal lease and whether it will be considered liquid. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Investments” in this section of the SAI for information regarding the implications of these investments being considered illiquid.)
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Municipal Notes
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Municipal notes generally are used to provide for short-term working capital needs and generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes include bond anticipation notes, construction loan notes, revenue anticipation notes and tax anticipation notes.
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Bond Anticipation
Notes
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Bond anticipation notes are issued to provide interim financing until long-term financing can be arranged. In most cases, the long-term bonds then provide the money for the repayment of the notes.
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Construction Loan
Notes
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Construction loan notes are sold to provide construction financing. After successful completion and acceptance, many projects receive permanent financing through FNMA or GNMA.
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Revenue Anticipation
Notes
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Revenue anticipation notes are issued in expectation of receipt of other types of revenue, such as Federal revenues available under Federal revenue sharing programs.
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Tax Anticipation Notes
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Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance working capital needs of municipalities. Generally, they are issued in anticipation of various seasonal tax revenue, such as income, sales, use and business taxes, and are payable from these specific future taxes.
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Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper
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Tax-exempt commercial paper is a short-term obligation with a stated maturity of 365 days or less. It is issued by state and local governments or their agencies to finance seasonal working capital needs or as short-term financing in anticipation of longer-term financing.
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Participation on Creditors’ Committees
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While the Funds do not invest in securities to exercise control over the securities’ issuers, each Fund may from time to time participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled issuers of securities held by the Fund. Such
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participation may subject the relevant Fund to expenses such as legal fees and may make the Fund an “insider” of the issuer for purposes of the Federal securities laws, and therefore may restrict the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by a Fund on such committees also may expose the Fund to potential liabilities under the federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. A Fund will participate on such committees only when the Fund’s subadviser believes that such participation is necessary or desirable to enforce the Fund’s rights as a creditor or to protect the value of securities held by the Fund.
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Payable in Kind (“PIK”) Bonds
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PIK bonds are obligations which provide that the issuer thereof may, at its option, pay interest on such bonds in cash or “in kind”, which means in the form of additional debt securities. Such securities benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of such cash. The Funds will accrue income on such investments for tax and accounting purposes, which is distributable to shareholders and which, because no cash is received at the time of accrual, may require the liquidation of other portfolio securities to satisfy the Funds’ distribution obligations. The market prices of PIK bonds generally are more volatile than the market prices of securities that pay interest periodically, and they are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than would otherwise similar bonds on which regular cash payments of interest are being made.
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Ratings
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The rating or quality of a debt security refers to a rating agency's assessment of the issuer’s creditworthiness, i.e., its ability to pay principal and interest when due. Higher ratings indicate better credit quality, as rated by independent rating organizations such as Moody’s, S&P or Fitch, which publish their ratings on a regular basis. Appendix A provides a description of the various ratings provided for bonds (including convertible bonds), municipal bonds, and commercial paper.
After a Fund purchases a debt security, the rating of that security may be reduced below the minimum rating acceptable for purchase by the Fund. A subsequent downgrade does not require the sale of the security, but the Fund’s subadviser will consider such an event in determining whether to continue to hold the obligation. To the extent that ratings established by Moody’s or S&P may change as a result of changes in such organizations or their rating systems, a Fund will invest in securities which are deemed by the Fund’s subadviser to be of comparable quality to securities whose current ratings render them eligible for purchase by the Fund.
Credit ratings issued by credit rating agencies evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of rated securities. They do not, however, evaluate the market-value risk and therefore may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. In addition, credit rating agencies may or may not make timely changes in a rating to reflect changes in the economy or in the condition of the issuer that affect the market value of the security. Consequently, credit ratings are used only as a preliminary indicator of investment quality.
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Sovereign Debt
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Each Fund may invest in “sovereign debt,” which is issued or guaranteed by foreign governments (including countries, provinces and municipalities) or their agencies and instrumentalities. Sovereign
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debt may trade at a substantial discount from face value. The Funds may hold and trade sovereign debt of foreign countries in appropriate circumstances to participate in debt conversion programs. Emerging-market country sovereign debt involves a higher degree of risk than developed markets, is generally lower-quality debt, and is considered speculative in nature due, in part, to the extreme and volatile nature of debt burdens in such countries and because emerging market governments can be relatively unstable. The issuer or governmental authorities that control sovereign-debt repayment (“sovereign debtors”) may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A sovereign debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash-flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor’s policy towards the IMF, and the political constraints to which the sovereign debtor may be subject. Sovereign debtors may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearage on their debt. The commitment of these third parties to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the sovereign debtor’s implementation of economic reforms or economic performance and the timely service of the debtor’s obligations. The sovereign debtor’s failure to meet these conditions may cause these third parties to cancel their commitments to provide funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair the debtor’s ability or willingness to timely service its debts. In certain instances, the Funds may invest in sovereign debt that is in default as to payments of principal or interest. In the event that the Funds hold non-performing sovereign debt, the Funds may incur additional expenses in connection with any restructuring of the issuer’s obligations or in otherwise enforcing their rights thereunder.
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Brady Bonds
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Each Fund may invest a portion of its assets in certain sovereign debt obligations known as “Brady Bonds.” Brady Bonds are issued under the framework of the Brady Plan, an initiative announced by former U.S. Treasury Secretary Nicholas F. Brady in 1989 as a mechanism for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external indebtedness. The Brady Plan contemplates, among other things, the debtor nation’s adoption of certain economic reforms and the exchange of commercial bank debt for newly issued bonds. In restructuring its external debt under the Brady Plan framework, a debtor nation negotiates with its existing bank lenders as well as the World Bank or the IMF. The World Bank or IMF supports the restructuring by providing funds pursuant to loan agreements or other arrangements that enable the debtor nation to collateralize the new Brady Bonds or to replenish reserves used to reduce outstanding bank debt. Under these loan agreements or other arrangements with the World Bank or IMF, debtor nations have been required to agree to implement certain domestic monetary and fiscal reforms. The Brady Plan sets forth only general guiding principles for economic reform and debt reduction, emphasizing that solutions must be negotiated on a case-by-case basis between debtor nations and their creditors.
Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized
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repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized amounts constitute the “residual risk”). In light of the residual risk of Brady Bonds and, among other factors, the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds, investments in Brady Bonds can be viewed as speculative.
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Stand-by Commitments
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Each Fund may purchase securities together with the right to resell them to the seller or a third party at an agreed-upon price or yield within specified periods prior to their maturity dates. Such a right to resell is commonly known as a stand-by commitment, and the aggregate price which a Fund pays for securities with a stand-by commitment may increase the cost, and thereby reduce the yield, of the security. The primary purpose of this practice is to permit the Fund to be as fully invested as practicable in municipal securities while preserving the necessary flexibility and liquidity to meet unanticipated redemptions. Stand-by commitments acquired by a Fund are valued at zero in determining the Fund’s NAV. Stand-by commitments involve certain expenses and risks, including the inability of the issuer of the commitment to pay for the securities at the time the commitment is exercised, non-marketability of the commitment, and differences between the maturity of the underlying security and the maturity of the commitment.
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Strip Bonds
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Strip bonds are debt securities that are stripped of their interest (usually by a financial intermediary) after the securities are issued. The market value of these securities generally fluctuates more in response to changes in interest rates than interest-paying securities of comparable maturity.
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Tender Option Bonds
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Tender option bonds are relatively long-term bonds that are coupled with the option to tender the securities to a bank, broker-dealer or other financial institution at periodic intervals and receive the face value of the bond. This investment structure is commonly used as a means of enhancing a security’s liquidity.
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Variable and Floating Rate Obligations
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Each Fund may purchase securities having a floating or variable rate of interest. These securities pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specific formula, usually with reference to some interest rate index or market interest rate (the “underlying index”). The floating rate tends to decrease the security’s price sensitivity to changes in interest rates. These securities may carry demand features permitting the holder to demand payment of principal at any time or at specified intervals prior to maturity. Accordingly, as interest rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation or depreciation is less than for fixed-rate obligations.
In order to most effectively use these investments, a Fund’s subadviser must correctly assess probable movements in interest rates. This involves different skills than those used to select most other portfolio securities. If the Fund’s subadviser incorrectly forecasts such movements, the Fund could be adversely affected by the use of variable or floating rate obligations.
The floating and variable rate obligations that the Funds may purchase include variable rate demand securities. Variable rate demand securities are variable rate securities that have demand features entitling the purchaser to resell the securities to the issuer at an amount approximately equal to amortized cost or the principal
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amount thereof plus accrued interest, which may be more or less than the price that the Fund paid for them. The interest rate on variable rate demand securities also varies either according to some objective standard, such as an index of short-term, tax-exempt rates, or according to rates set by or on behalf of the issuer.
When a Fund purchases a floating or variable rate demand instrument, the Fund’s subadviser will monitor, on an ongoing basis, the ability of the issuer to pay principal and interest on demand. The Fund’s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could be affected by events occurring between the date the Fund elects to demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the ability of the issuer of the instrument to make payment when due, except when such demand instrument permits same day settlement. To facilitate settlement, these same day demand instruments may be held in book entry form at a bank other than the Funds’ custodian subject to a sub-custodian agreement between the bank and the Funds’ custodian.
The floating and variable rate obligations that the Funds may purchase also include certificates of participation in such obligations purchased from banks. A certificate of participation gives the Fund an undivided interest in the underlying obligations in the proportion that the Fund’s interest bears to the total principal amount of the obligation. Certain certificates of participation may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer prior to maturity.
The income received on certificates of participation in tax-exempt municipal obligations constitutes interest from tax-exempt obligations.
Each Fund will limit its purchases of floating and variable rate obligations to those of the same quality as it otherwise is allowed to purchase. Similar to fixed rate debt instruments, variable and floating rate instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in prevailing market interest rates or changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness.
A floating or variable rate instrument may be subject to a Fund’s percentage limitation on illiquid securities if there is no reliable trading market for the instrument or if the Fund may not demand payment of the principal amount within seven days. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Zero and Deferred Coupon Debt Securities
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Each Fund may invest in debt obligations that do not make any interest payments for a specified period of time prior to maturity (“deferred coupon” bonds) or until maturity (“zero coupon” bonds). The nonpayment of interest on a current basis may result from the bond’s having no stated interest rate, in which case the bond pays only principal at maturity and is normally initially issued at a discount from face value. Alternatively, the bond may provide for a stated rate of interest, but provide that such interest is not payable until maturity, in which case the bond may initially be issued at par. The value to the investor of these types of bonds is represented by the economic accretion either of the difference between the purchase price and the nominal principal amount (if no interest is stated to accrue) or of accrued, unpaid interest during the bond’s life or payment deferral period.
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Investment Technique
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Because deferred and zero coupon bonds do not make interest payments for a certain period of time, they are generally purchased by a Fund at a deep discount and their value fluctuates more in response to interest rate changes than does the value of debt obligations that make current interest payments. The degree of fluctuation with interest rate changes is greater when the deferred period is longer. Therefore, when a Fund invests in zero or deferred coupon bonds, there is a risk that the value of the Fund’s shares may decline more as a result of an increase in interest rates than would be the case if the Fund did not invest in such bonds.
Even though zero and deferred coupon bonds may not pay current interest in cash, each Fund is required to accrue interest income on such investments and to distribute such amounts to shareholders. Thus, a Fund would not be able to purchase income-producing securities to the extent cash is used to pay such distributions, and, therefore, the Fund’s current income could be less than it otherwise would have been. Instead of using cash, the Fund might liquidate investments in order to satisfy these distribution requirements.
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Derivative Investments
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Each Fund may invest in various types of derivatives, which may at times result in significant derivative exposure. A derivative is a financial instrument whose performance is derived from the performance of another asset. Each Fund may invest in derivative instruments including, but not limited to: futures contracts, put options, call options, options on future contracts, options on foreign currencies, swaps, forward contracts, structured investments, and other equity-linked derivatives.
Each Fund may use derivative instruments for hedging (to offset risks associated with an investment, currency exposure, or market conditions) or in pursuit of its investment objective(s) and policies (to seek to enhance returns). When a Fund invests in a derivative, the risks of loss of that derivative may be greater than the derivative’s cost. No Fund may use any derivative to gain exposure to an asset or class of assets that it would be prohibited by its investment restrictions from purchasing directly. In addition to other considerations, a Fund’s ability to use derivative instruments may be limited by tax considerations. (See “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” in this SAI.)
Investments in derivatives may subject a Fund to special risks in addition to normal market fluctuations and other risks inherent in investment in securities. For example, a percentage of the Fund’s assets may be segregated to cover its obligations with respect to the derivative investment, which may make it more difficult for the Fund’s subadviser to meet redemption requests or other short-term obligations.
Investments in derivatives in general are also subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Investments in derivatives may not directly correlate with the price movements of the underlying instrument. As a result, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than otherwise would be the case.
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Credit-linked Notes
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Credit-linked notes are derivative instruments used to transfer credit risk. The performance of the notes is linked to the performance of the underlying reference obligation or reference portfolio (“reference
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entities”). The notes are usually issued by a special purpose vehicle that sells credit protection through a credit default swap agreement in return for a premium and an obligation to pay the transaction sponsor should a reference entity experience a credit event, such as bankruptcy. The special purpose vehicle invests the proceeds from the notes to cover its contingent obligation. Revenue from the investments and the money received as premium are used to pay interest to note holders. The main risk of credit linked notes is the risk of default to the reference obligation of the credit default swap. Should a default occur, the special purpose vehicle would have to pay the transaction sponsor, subordinating payments to the note holders. Credit linked notes also may not be liquid and may be subject to currency and interest rate risks as well.
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Eurodollar Instruments
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The Funds may invest in Eurodollar instruments. Eurodollar instruments are dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Eurodollar futures contracts enable purchasers to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds and sellers to obtain a fixed rate for borrowings. A Fund might use Eurodollar instruments to hedge against changes in interest rates or to enhance returns.
Eurodollar obligations are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issuers, most notably income risk (and, to a lesser extent, credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk). Additionally, Eurodollar obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments, the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions, the imposition of foreign withholding taxes, and expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers. However, Eurodollar obligations will undergo the same type of credit analysis as domestic issuers in which a Fund invests.
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Equity-linked Derivatives
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Each Fund may invest in equity-linked derivative products the performance of which is designed to correspond generally to the performance of a specified stock index or "basket" of stocks, or to a single stock. Investments in equity-linked derivatives involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the types of securities such products are designed to track. There can be no assurance that the trading price of the equity-linked derivatives will equal the underlying value of the securities purchased to replicate a particular investment or that such basket will replicate the investment.
Investments in equity-linked derivatives may constitute investments in other investment companies. (See “Mutual Fund Investing” in this section of the SAI for information regarding the implications of a Fund investing in other investment companies.)
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Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, Futures and Options
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Each Fund may engage in certain derivative foreign currency exchange and option transactions involving investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject absent the use of these strategies. If a Fund’s subadviser’s predictions of movements in the direction of securities prices or currency exchange rates are inaccurate, the adverse consequences to the Fund may leave the Fund in a worse position than if it had not used such strategies. Risks inherent in the use of option and foreign currency forward and futures contracts include: (1) dependence on the Fund’s
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subadviser’s ability to correctly predict movements in the direction of securities prices and currency exchange rates; (2) imperfect correlation between the price of options and futures contracts and movements in the prices of the securities or currencies being hedged; (3) the fact that the skills needed to use these strategies are different from those needed to select portfolio securities; (4) the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument at any time; and (5) the possible need to defer closing out certain hedged positions to avoid adverse tax consequences. The Fund’s ability to enter into futures contracts is also limited by the requirements of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of this SAI.)
A Fund may engage in currency exchange transactions to protect against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates. In addition, a Fund may write covered put and call options on foreign currencies for the purpose of increasing its return.
A Fund may enter into contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date (“forward contracts”) and purchase and sell foreign currency futures contracts. For certain hedging purposes, the Fund may also purchase exchange-listed and over-the-counter put and call options on foreign currency futures contracts and on foreign currencies. A put option on a futures contract gives the Fund the right to assume a short position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A put option on a currency gives the Fund the right to sell the currency at an exercise price until the expiration of the option. A call option on a futures contract gives the Fund the right to assume a long position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A call option on a currency gives the Fund the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the expiration of the option.
When engaging in position hedging, a Fund enters into foreign currency exchange transactions to protect against a decline in the values of the foreign currencies in which its portfolio securities are denominated (or an increase in the values of currency for securities which the Fund expects to purchase, when the Fund holds cash or short-term investments). In connection with position hedging, the Fund may purchase put or call options on foreign currency and on foreign currency futures contracts and buy or sell forward contracts and foreign currency futures contracts. (A Fund may also purchase or sell foreign currency on a spot basis, as discussed in “Foreign Currency Transactions” under “Foreign Investing” in this section of the SAI.)
The precise matching of the amounts of foreign currency exchange transactions and the value of the portfolio securities involved will not generally be possible since the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those securities between the dates the currency exchange transactions are entered into and the dates they mature. It is also impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract. Accordingly, it may be necessary for a Fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security or securities being hedged is less than the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver and a decision is made to sell the security or securities and make delivery of the foreign currency.
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Conversely, it may be necessary to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency received upon the sale of the portfolio security or securities if the market value of such security or securities exceeds the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver.
Hedging techniques do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities which a Fund owns or intends to purchase or sell. They simply establish a rate of exchange which one can achieve at some future point in time. Additionally, although these techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also tend to limit any potential gain which might result from the increase in value of such currency.
A Fund may seek to increase its return or to offset some of the costs of hedging against fluctuations in currency exchange rates by writing covered put options and covered call options on foreign currencies. In that case, the Fund receives a premium from writing a put or call option, which increases the Fund’s current return if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a net profit. A Fund may terminate an option that it has written prior to its expiration by entering into a closing purchase transaction in which it purchases an option having the same terms as the option written.
A Fund’s currency hedging transactions may call for the delivery of one foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency and may at times not involve currencies in which its portfolio securities are then denominated. A Fund’s subadviser will engage in such “cross hedging” activities when it believes that such transactions provide significant hedging opportunities for the Fund. Cross hedging transactions by a Fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability which is the subject of the hedge.
Foreign currency forward contracts, futures and options may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States; may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees; and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the relevant Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States, and (v) lesser trading volume.
The types of derivative foreign currency exchange transactions most commonly employed by the Funds are discussed below, although each Fund is also permitted to engage in other similar transactions to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment limitations and restrictions.
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Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
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A foreign currency forward contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days (“term”) from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers.
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A Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily in an amount not less than the value of the Fund’s total assets committed to forward foreign currency exchange contracts entered into for the purchase of a foreign currency. If the value of the securities specifically designated declines, additional cash or securities will be added so that the specifically designated amount is not less than the amount of the Fund’s commitments with respect to such contracts.
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Foreign Currency Futures Transactions
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Each Fund may use foreign currency futures contracts and options on such futures contracts. Through the purchase or sale of such contracts, a Fund may be able to achieve many of the same objectives attainable through the use of foreign currency forward contracts, but more effectively and possibly at a lower cost.
Unlike forward foreign currency exchange contracts, foreign currency futures contracts and options on foreign currency futures contracts are standardized as to amount and delivery period and are traded on boards of trade and commodities exchanges. It is anticipated that such contracts may provide greater liquidity and lower cost than forward foreign currency exchange contracts.
Purchasers and sellers of foreign currency futures contracts are subject to the same risks that apply to the buying and selling of futures generally. In addition, there are risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts similar to those associated with options on foreign currencies. (See “Foreign Currency Options” and “Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts”, each in this sub-section of the SAI.) The Fund must accept or make delivery of the underlying foreign currency, through banking arrangements, in accordance with any U.S. or foreign restrictions or regulations regarding the maintenance of foreign banking arrangements by U.S. residents and may be required to pay any fees, taxes or charges associated with such delivery which are assessed in the issuing country.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, when entering into a futures contract or an option transaction, a Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily equal to the net amount of the Fund’s obligation. For foreign currency futures transactions, the prescribed amount will generally be the daily value of the futures contract, marked to market.
Futures contracts are designed by boards of trade which are designated “contracts markets” by the CFTC. Futures contracts trade on contracts markets in a manner that is similar to the way a stock trades on a stock exchange and the boards of trade, through their clearing corporations, guarantee performance of the contracts. As of the date of this SAI, the Funds may invest in futures contracts under specified conditions without being regulated as commodity pools. However, under recently amended CFTC rules the Funds’ ability to maintain the exclusions/exemptions from the definition of commodity pool may be limited. (See “Commodity Interests” in this section of the SAI.)
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Foreign Currency Options
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A foreign currency option provides the option buyer with the right to buy or sell a stated amount of foreign currency at the exercise price at a specified date or during the option period. A call option gives its
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owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy the currency, while a put option gives its owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell the currency. The option seller (writer) is obligated to fulfill the terms of the option sold if it is exercised. However, either seller or buyer may close its position during the option period for such options any time prior to expiration.
A call rises in value if the underlying currency appreciates. Conversely, a put rises in value if the underlying currency depreciates. While purchasing a foreign currency option can protect a Fund against an adverse movement in the value of a foreign currency, it does not limit the gain which might result from a favorable movement in the value of such currency. For example, if the Fund were holding securities denominated in an appreciating foreign currency and had purchased a foreign currency put to hedge against a decline in the value of the currency, it would not have to exercise its put. Similarly, if the Fund had entered into a contract to purchase a security denominated in a foreign currency and had purchased a foreign currency call to hedge against a rise in the value of the currency but instead the currency had depreciated in value between the date of purchase and the settlement date, the Fund would not have to exercise its call but could acquire in the spot market the amount of foreign currency needed for settlement.
The value of a foreign currency option depends upon the value of the underlying currency relative to the other referenced currency. As a result, the price of the option position may vary with changes in the value of either or both currencies and have no relationship to the investment merits of a foreign security, including foreign securities held in a “hedged” investment portfolio. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may be involved in the use of foreign currency options, the Funds may be disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
As in the case of other kinds of options, the use of foreign currency options constitutes only a partial hedge, and a Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on a foreign currency may not necessarily constitute an effective hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates and, in the event of rate movements adverse to the Fund’s position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs.
Options on foreign currencies written or purchased by a Fund may be traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges or over the counter. There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies traded over the counter or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Quotation information available is generally representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect relatively smaller transactions (i.e., less than $1 million) where rates may be less favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-the-clock market. To the extent that the options markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that are not reflected in the options market.
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For additional information about options transactions, see “Options” under “Derivative Investments” in this section of the SAI.
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Foreign Currency Warrants
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Foreign currency warrants such as currency exchange warrants are warrants that entitle the holder to receive from the issuer an amount of cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S. dollars) that is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and based on the exchange rate between two specified currencies as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as of a specified date and time.
Foreign currency warrants may be used to reduce the currency exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example, providing for a supplemental payment in the event the U.S. dollar depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the Japanese Yen or Euro. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed).
Foreign currency warrants are severable from the debt obligations with which they may be offered, and may be listed on exchanges. Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required either to sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. Upon exercise of warrants, there may be a delay between the time the holder gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining “time value” of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the current market value and the exercise value of the warrants), and, if the warrants were “out-of-the-money,” in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants.
Warrants are generally unsecured obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the OCC. Unlike foreign currency options issued by OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of governmental or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants could be considerably in excess of the price that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to significant foreign exchange risk, including risks arising from complex political or economic factors.
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Performance Indexed Paper
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Performance indexed paper is commercial paper the yield of which is linked to certain currency exchange rate movements. The yield to the investor on performance indexed paper is established at maturity as a
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function of spot exchange rates between the designated currencies as of or about the time (generally, the index maturity two days prior to maturity). The yield to the investor will be within a range stipulated at the time of purchase of the obligation, generally with a guaranteed minimum rate of return that is below, and a potential maximum rate of return that is above, market yields on commercial paper, with both the minimum and maximum rates of return on the investment corresponding to the minimum and maximum values of the spot exchange rate two business days prior to maturity.
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Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities (“PERLS”)
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PERLS are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the particular currencies at or about that time. The return on “standard” principal exchange rate linked securities is enhanced if the currency to which the security is linked appreciates against the base currency, and is adversely affected by increases in the exchange value of the base currency. “Reverse” PERLS are like the “standard” securities, except that their return is enhanced by increases in the value of the base currency and adversely impacted by increases in the value of other currency. Interest payments on the securities are generally made at rates that reflect the degree of currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some of the currency exchange risk, or relatively lower interest rates if the issuer has assumed some of the currency exchange risk, based on the expectations of the current market). PERLS may in limited cases be subject to acceleration of maturity (generally, not without the consent of the holders of the securities), which may have an adverse impact on the value of the principal payment to be made at maturity.
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Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
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Each Fund may use interest rate, foreign currency, dividend, volatility or index futures contracts. An interest rate, foreign currency, dividend, volatility or index futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, foreign currency, dividend basket or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made. A public market exists in futures contracts covering several indexes as well as a number of financial instruments and foreign currencies, and it is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future. Interest rate and volatility futures contracts currently are traded in the United States primarily on the floors of the Chicago Board of Trade and the International Monetary Market of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Interest rate futures also are traded on foreign exchanges such as the London International Financial Futures Exchange and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange. Volatility futures also are traded on foreign exchanges such as Eurex. Dividend futures are also traded on foreign exchanges such as Eurex, NYSE Euronext Liffe, London Stock Exchange and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange.
A Fund may purchase and write call and put options on futures. Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes discussed above. A futures option gives the
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Each of the Alternative Total Solution Fund and Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund will not limit its use of futures contracts and futures options to hedging transactions, and its investments in futures are likely to cause it to be considered a commodity pool. (See “Commodity Interests” in this SAI.)
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holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true.
Except as otherwise described in this SAI, the Funds will limit their use of futures contracts and futures options to hedging transactions and in an attempt to increase total return, in accordance with Federal regulations. The costs of, and possible losses incurred from, futures contracts and options thereon may reduce the Fund’s current income and involve a loss of principal. Any incremental return earned by the Fund resulting from these transactions would be expected to offset anticipated losses or a portion thereof.
The Funds will only enter into futures contracts and futures options which are standardized and traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation system.
When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by a Fund, the Fund is required to deposit with its custodian (or broker, if legally permitted) a specified amount of cash or U.S. Government securities (“initial margin”). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. The Funds expect to earn interest income on their initial margin deposits. A futures contract held by a Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called “variation margin,” equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as “marking to market.” Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily NAV, the Fund will mark to market its open futures positions.
The Funds are also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by them. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option, and other futures positions held by the relevant Fund.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, when entering into a futures contract or an option on a futures contract, a Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily equal to the prescribed amount. Generally, for cash-settled futures contracts the prescribed amount is the net amount of the Fund’s obligation, and for non-cash-settled futures contracts the prescribed about is the notional value of the reference obligation.
Futures contracts are designed by boards of trade which are designated “contracts markets” by the CFTC. Futures contracts trade on contracts markets in a manner that is similar to the way a stock
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trades on a stock exchange and the boards of trade, through their clearing corporations, guarantee performance of the contracts. A Fund’s ability to claim an exclusion or exemption from the definition of a commodity pool may be limited when the Fund invests in futures contracts. (See “Commodity Interests” in this SAI.)
The requirements of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company also may limit the extent to which a Fund may enter into futures, futures options or forward contracts. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of this SAI.)
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (same exchange, underlying security or index, and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sales price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.
Positions in futures contracts and related options may be closed out only on an exchange which provides a secondary market for such contracts or options. The Fund will enter into an option or futures position only if there appears to be a liquid secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option or futures contract at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close out a futures or related option position. In the case of a futures position, in the event of adverse price movements the Fund would continue to be required to make daily margin payments. In this situation, if the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily margin requirements it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet its margin obligations at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, the Fund may be required to take or make delivery of the securities underlying the futures contracts it holds. The inability to close out futures positions also could have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to hedge its portfolio effectively.
There are several risks in connection with the use of futures contracts as a hedging device. While hedging can provide protection against an adverse movement in market prices, it can also limit a hedger’s opportunity to benefit fully from a favorable market movement. In addition, investing in futures contracts and options on futures contracts will cause the Fund to incur additional brokerage commissions and may cause an increase in the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate.
The successful use of futures contracts and related options may also depend on the ability of the relevant Fund’s subadviser to forecast correctly the direction and extent of market movements, interest rates and other market factors within a given time frame. To the extent market prices remain stable during the period a futures contract or option is held by a Fund or such prices move in a direction opposite to that anticipated, the Fund may realize a loss on the transaction which is not offset by an increase in the value of its portfolio securities. Options and futures may also fail as a hedging technique in cases where the movements of the securities underlying the options and futures do not follow the price movements of the hedged portfolio securities. As a result, the Fund’s total return for the period may be
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less than if it had not engaged in the hedging transaction. The loss from investing in futures transactions is potentially unlimited.
Utilization of futures contracts by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect correlation in movements in the price of futures contracts and movements in the price of the securities which are being hedged. If the price of the futures contract moves more or less than the price of the securities being hedged, the Fund will experience a gain or loss which will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities. It is possible that, where a Fund has sold futures contracts to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may decline. If this occurred, the Fund would lose money on the futures contract and would also experience a decline in value in its portfolio securities. Where futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the prices of securities before the Fund is able to invest its cash (or cash equivalents) in securities (or options) in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline; if the Fund then determines not to invest in securities (or options) at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, the Fund will realize a loss on the futures that would not be offset by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
The market prices of futures contracts may be affected if participants in the futures market elect to close out their contracts through off-setting transactions rather than to meet margin deposit requirements. In such case, distortions in the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets could result. Price distortions could also result if investors in futures contracts opt to make or take delivery of the underlying securities rather than to engage in closing transactions because such action would reduce the liquidity of the futures market. In addition, from the point of view of speculators, because the deposit requirements in the futures markets are less onerous than margin requirements in the cash market, increased participation by speculators in the futures market could cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortions in the futures market and because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of securities and movements in the prices of futures contracts, a correct forecast of market trends may still not result in a successful hedging transaction.
Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, the purchase of put or call options on futures contracts involves less potential risk for the Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options plus transaction costs. However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of an option on a futures contract would result in a loss to the Fund while the purchase or sale of the futures contract would not have resulted in a loss, such as when there is no movement in the price of the underlying securities.
For additional information about options transactions, see “Options” under “Derivative Investments” in this section of the SAI.
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Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities
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Each Fund may purchase mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, which collectively are securities backed by mortgages, installment contracts, credit card receivables or other financial assets. Asset-backed securities represent interests in “pools” of assets in which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are made periodically, thus in effect “passing through” such payments made by the individual borrowers on the assets that underlie the
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securities, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities. The average life of asset-backed securities varies with the maturities of the underlying instruments, and the average life of a mortgage-backed instrument, in particular, is likely to be less than the original maturity of the mortgage pools underlying the securities as a result of mortgage prepayments, where applicable. For this and other reasons, an asset-backed security’s stated maturity may be different, and the security’s total return may be difficult to predict precisely.
If an asset-backed security is purchased at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of increasing yield to maturity. Conversely, if an asset-backed security is purchased at a discount, faster than expected prepayments will increase yield to maturity, while slower than expected prepayments will decrease yield to maturity.
Prepayments of principal of mortgage-related securities by mortgagors or mortgage foreclosures affect the average life of the mortgage-related securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Mortgage prepayments are affected by the level of interest rates and other factors, including general economic conditions and the underlying location and age of the mortgage. In periods of rising interest rates, the prepayment rate tends to decrease, lengthening the average life of a pool of mortgage-related securities. The longer the remaining maturity of a security the greater the effect of interest rate changes will be. Changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal and in the market’s perception of its creditworthiness also affect the market value of that issuer’s debt securities.
In periods of falling interest rates, the prepayment rate tends to increase, shortening the average life of a pool. Because prepayments of principal generally occur when interest rates are declining, it is likely that the Fund, to the extent that it retains the same percentage of debt securities, may have to reinvest the proceeds of prepayments at lower interest rates than those of its previous investments. If this occurs, that Fund’s yield will correspondingly decline. Thus, mortgage-related securities may have less potential for capital appreciation in periods of falling interest rates than other fixed income securities of comparable duration, although they may have a comparable risk of decline in market value in periods of rising interest rates. To the extent that the Fund purchases mortgage-related securities at a premium, unscheduled prepayments, which are made at par, result in a loss equal to any unamortized premium.
Duration is one of the fundamental tools used by a Fund's subadviser in managing interest rate risks including prepayment risks. Traditionally, a debt security’s “term to maturity” characterizes a security’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates. “Term to maturity,” however, measures only the time until a debt security provides its final payment, taking no account of prematurity payments. Most debt securities provide interest (“coupon”) payments in addition to a final (“par”) payment at maturity, and some securities have call provisions allowing the issuer to repay the instrument in full before maturity date, each of which affect the security’s response to interest rate changes. “Duration” therefore is generally considered a more precise measure of interest rate risk than “term to maturity.” Determining duration may involve a subadviser’s estimates of future economic parameters, which may vary from actual future values. Generally, fixed income securities with longer effective durations are more responsive to
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interest rate fluctuations than those with shorter effective durations. For example, if interest rates rise by 1%, the value of securities having an effective duration of three years will generally decrease by approximately 3%.
Descriptions of some of the different types of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities most commonly acquired by the Funds are provided below. In addition to those shown, other types of mortgage-related and asset-backed investments are, or may become, available for investment by the Funds.
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Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”)
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CMOs are hybrid instruments with characteristics of both mortgage-backed and mortgage pass-through securities. Interest and prepaid principal on a CMO are paid, in most cases, monthly. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by entities such as GNMA, FHLMC, or FNMA, and their income streams.
CMOs are typically structured in multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes typically receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An investor may be partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments.
FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates and are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. The amount of principal payable on each monthly payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMC’s mandatory sinking fund schedule. Sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payments of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking-fund payments. Because of the “pass-through” nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date. If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semiannual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds.
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CMO Residuals
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CMO residuals are derivative mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans. As described above, the cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The “residual” in a CMO structure generally represents the
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interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and, in particular, the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. In certain circumstances a Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.
CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. The CMO residual market currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. CMO residuals may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, may be deemed illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations on investment in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Mortgage Pass-through Securities
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Mortgage pass-through securities are interests in pools of mortgage loans, assembled and issued by various governmental, government-related, and private organizations. Unlike other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates, these securities provide a monthly payment consisting of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs. “Modified pass-through” securities (such as securities issued by GNMA) entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of U.S. mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of Federal Housing Administration insured or Veterans Administration guaranteed mortgages. Government-related guarantors whose obligations are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates that represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. FNMA and FHLMC guarantee the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal on securities they issue, but the securities they
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issue are neither issued nor guaranteed by the United States Government.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/ or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments for such securities. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets a Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. A Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originator/servicers and poolers, the Fund’s subadviser determines that the securities meet the Fund’s quality standards. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable and may therefore be subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Mortgage-backed securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Funds’ industry concentration restrictions set forth in the “Investment Restrictions” section of this SAI by virtue of the exclusion from the test available to all U.S. Government securities. The Funds will take the position that privately-issued, mortgage-related securities do not represent interests in any particular “industry” or group of industries. The assets underlying such securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration or the Department of Veterans Affairs. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
It is possible that the availability and the marketability (that is, liquidity) of the securities discussed in this section could be adversely affected by the actions of the U.S. Government to tighten the availability of its credit. On September 7, 2008, the FHFA, an agency of the U.S.
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Government, placed FNMA and FHLMC into conservatorship, a statutory process with the objective of returning the entities to normal business operations. FHFA will act as the conservator to operate FNMA and FHLMC until they are stabilized. The conservatorship is still in effect as of the date of this SAI and has no specified termination date. There can be no assurance as to when or how the conservatorship will be terminated or whether FNMA or FHLMC will continue to exist following the conservatorship or what their respective business structures will be during or following the conservatorship. FHFA, as conservator, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to its appointment if it determines that performance of the contract is burdensome and repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. Furthermore, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. If FHFA were to transfer any such guarantee obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guarantee obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
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Other Asset-Backed Securities
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Through trusts and other special purpose entities, various types of securities based on financial assets other than mortgage loans are increasingly available, in both pass-through structures similar to mortgage pass-through securities described above and in other structures more like CMOs. As with mortgage-related securities, these asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of financial assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. They often include credit-enhancement features similar to mortgage-related securities.
Financial assets on which these securities are based include automobile receivables; credit card receivables; loans to finance boats, recreational vehicles, and mobile homes; computer, copier, railcar, and medical equipment leases; and trade, healthcare, and franchise receivables. In general, the obligations supporting these asset-backed securities are of shorter maturities than mortgage loans and are less likely to experience substantial prepayments. However, obligations such as credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the obligors are often entitled to protection under a number of consumer credit laws granting, among other things, rights to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thus reducing the balance due. Other obligations that are secured, such as automobile receivables, may present issuers with difficulties in perfecting and executing on the security interests, particularly where the issuer allows the servicers of the receivables to retain possession of the underlying obligations, thus increasing the risk that recoveries on defaulted obligations may not be adequate to support payments on the securities.
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Stripped Mortgage-backed Securities (“SMBS”)
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SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. They may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans. SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will
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receive all of the interest (the interest-only or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class security is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories. The market value of the PO class generally is unusually volatile in response to changes in interest rates.
Although SMBS are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed and, accordingly, these securities may be deemed illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations on investment in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Each Fund may invest in other mortgage-related securities with features similar to those described above, to the extent consistent with the relevant Fund’s investment objectives and policies.
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Options
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Each Fund may purchase or sell put and call options on securities, indices and other financial instruments. Options may relate to particular securities, foreign and domestic securities indices, financial instruments, volatility, credit default, foreign currencies or the yield differential between two securities. Such options may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the OCC.
A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and a writer the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price before the expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security. A premium is paid to the writer by the purchaser in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security gives the purchaser the right to sell and a writer the obligation to buy the security at the stated exercise price before the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, options written by a Fund will be covered and will remain covered as long as the Fund is obligated as a writer. A call option is “covered” if the Fund owns the underlying security or its equivalent covered by the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or for additional cash consideration if such cash is segregated) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its portfolio. A call option is also covered if the Fund holds on a share-for-share or equal principal amount basis a call on the same security as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written or greater than the exercise price of the call written if appropriate liquid assets representing the difference are segregated by the Fund. A put option is “covered” if the Fund maintains appropriate liquid securities with a value equal to the exercise price, or owns on a share-for-share or equal principal amount basis a put on the same security as the put written where the
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exercise price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written.
A Fund’s obligation to sell an instrument subject to a covered call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a secured put option written by it, may be terminated before the expiration of the option by the Fund’s execution of a closing purchase transaction. This means that a Fund buys an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. Such a purchase does not result in the ownership of an option. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of such a closing purchase plus related transaction costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Fund will experience a loss. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. A Fund that has written an option and is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument (in the case of a covered call option) or liquidate the segregated assets (in the case of a secured put option) until the option expires or the optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise. The Fund will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, when entering into an option transaction, a Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily equal to the market value of the security or index on which the option is written. For options transactions, the prescribed amount will generally be the market value of the underlying instrument but will not be less than the excercise price.
Options purchased are recorded as an asset and written options are recorded as liabilities to the extent of premiums paid or received. The amount of this asset or liability will be subsequently marked-to-market to reflect the current value of the option purchased or written. The current value of the traded option is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, the current bid price. If an option purchased by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a loss equal to the premium paid. If a Fund enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Fund will realize a gain if the premium received by the Fund on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option written by a Fund expires on the stipulated expiration date or if a Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold), and the liability related to such option will be eliminated. If an option written by a Fund is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.
Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails more complex and potentially greater than ordinary investment risk. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to
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greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.
There are several other risks associated with options. For example, there are significant differences among the securities, currency, volatility, credit default and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation among these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons that include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the OCC may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the OCC as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
The staff of the SEC currently takes the position that options not traded on registered domestic securities exchanges and the assets used to cover the amount of the Fund’s obligation pursuant to such options are illiquid, and are therefore subject to each Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. However, for options written with “primary dealers” in U.S. Government securities pursuant to an agreement requiring a closing transaction at the formula price, the amount considered to be illiquid may be calculated by reference to a formula price. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Options on Indexes and “Yield Curve” Options
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Each Fund may enter into options on indexes or options
on
the
“spread,” or yield differential, between two fixed income securities, in transactions referred to as “yield curve” options. Options on indexes and yield curve options provide the holder with the right to make or receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option. With respect to options on indexes, the amount of the settlement will equal the difference between the closing price of the index at the time of exercise and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars, times a specified multiple. With respect to yield curve options, the amount of the settlement will equal the difference between the yields of designated securities.
With respect to yield curve options, a call or put option is covered if a Fund holds another call or put, respectively, on the spread between the same two securities and maintains in a segregated account liquid assets sufficient to cover the Fund’s net liability under the two options. Therefore, the Fund’s liability for such a covered option is generally limited to the difference between the amount of the Fund’s liability under the option it wrote less the value of the option it holds. A Fund may also cover yield curve options in such other manner as may be in accordance with the requirements of the counterparty with which the option is traded and applicable laws and regulations.
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The trading of these types of options is subject to all of the risks associated with the trading of other types of options. In addition, however, yield curve options present risk of loss even if the yield of one of the underlying securities remains constant, if the spread moves in a direction or to an extent which was not anticipated.
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Reset Options
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In certain instances, a Fund may purchase or write options on U.S. Treasury securities, which provide for periodic adjustment of the strike price and may also provide for the periodic adjustment of the premium during the term of each such option. Like other types of options, these transactions, which may be referred to as “reset” options or “adjustable strike” options grant the purchaser the right to purchase (in the case of a call) or sell (in the case of a put), a specified type of U.S. Treasury security at any time up to a stated expiration date (or, in certain instances, on such date). In contrast to other types of options, however, the price at which the underlying security may be purchased or sold under a “reset” option is determined at various intervals during the term of the option, and such price fluctuates from interval to interval based on changes in the market value of the underlying security. As a result, the strike price of a “reset” option, at the time of exercise, may be less advantageous than if the strike price had been fixed at the initiation of the option. In addition, the premium paid for the purchase of the option may be determined at the termination, rather than the initiation, of the option. If the premium for a reset option written by a Fund is paid at termination, the Fund assumes the risk that (i) the premium may be less than the premium which would otherwise have been received at the initiation of the option because of such factors as the volatility in yield of the underlying Treasury security over the term of the option and adjustments made to the strike price of the option, and (ii) the option purchaser may default on its obligation to pay the premium at the termination of the option. Conversely, where a Fund purchases a reset option, it could be required to pay a higher premium than would have been the case at the initiation of the option.
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Swaptions
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A Fund may enter into swaption contracts, which give the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date. Over-the-counter swaptions, although providing greater flexibility, may involve greater credit risk than exchange-traded options as they are not backed by the clearing organisation of the exchanges where they are traded, and as such, there is a risk that the seller will not settle as agreed. A Fund’s financial liability associated with swaptions is linked to the marked-to-market value of the notional underlying investments. Purchased swaption contracts are exposed to a maximum loss equal to the price paid for the option/swaption (the premium) and no further liability. Written swaptions, however, give the right of potential exercise to a third party, and the maximum loss to the Fund in the case of an uncovered swaption is unlimited.
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Swap Agreements
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Each Fund may enter into swap agreements on, among other things, interest rates, indices, securities and currency exchange rates. A Fund's subadviser may use swaps in an attempt to obtain for the Fund a particular desired return at a lower cost to the Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods typically ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties
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agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. The “notional amount” of the swap agreement is only a fictive basis on which to calculate the obligations the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. A Fund’s obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). A Fund’s obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily on the Fund's accounting records (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by specifically designating on the accounting records of the Fund liquid assets to avoid leveraging of the Fund’s portfolio.
Because swap agreements are two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, they may be considered to be illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations on investment in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.) Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. A Fund’s subadviser will cause the Fund to enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that would be eligible for consideration as repurchase agreement counterparties under the Funds’ repurchase agreement guidelines. (See “Repurchase Agreements” in this section of the SAI.) Certain restrictions imposed on the Funds by the Code may limit the Funds’ ability to use swap agreements. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of this SAI.) The swaps market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect a Fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Certain swap agreements are exempt from most provisions of the CEA and, therefore, are not regulated as futures or commodity option transactions under the CEA, pursuant to regulations of the CFTC. To qualify for this exemption, a swap agreement must be entered into by eligible participants and must meet certain conditions (each pursuant to the CEA and regulations of the CFTC). However, recent CFTC rule amendments dictate that certain swap agreements be considered commodity interests for purposes of the CEA. (See “Commodity Interests” in this section of the SAI for additional information regarding the implications of investments being considered commodity interests under the CEA.)
Recently, the SEC and the CFTC have developed rules under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act to create a new, comprehensive regulatory framework for swap transactions. Under the new regulations, certain swap transactions will be required to be executed on a regulated trading platform and cleared through a derivatives clearing organization. Additionally, the new regulations impose other requirements on the parties entering
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into swap transactions, including requirements relating to posting margin, and reporting and documenting swap transactions. A Fund engaging in swap transactions may incur additional expenses as a result of these new regulatory requirements. The Adviser is continuing to monitor the implementation of the new regulations and to assess their impact on the Funds.
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Credit Default Swap Agreements
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Each Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements. A credit default swap is a bilateral financial contract in which one party (the protection buyer) pays a periodic fee in return for a contingent payment by the protection seller following a credit event of a reference issuer. The protection buyer must either sell particular obligations issued by the reference issuer for its par value (or some other designated reference or strike price) when a credit event occurs or receive a cash settlement based on the difference between the market price and such reference price. A credit event is commonly defined as bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, material adverse restructuring of debt, or failure to meet payment obligations when due. A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no event of default occurs, the Fund loses its investment and recovers nothing; however, if an event of default occurs, the Fund receives full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. As a seller, a Fund receives a periodic fee throughout the term of the contract, provided there is no default event; if an event of default occurs, the Fund must pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligation. The value of the reference obligation received by the Fund as a seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value the Fund pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund.
As with other swaps, when a Fund enters into a credit default swap agreement, to the extent required by applicable law and regulation the Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily, equal to the Fund’s net exposure under the swap. If the Fund is the buyer of the credit default swap and the Fund holds at least the same principal amount of the referenced obligations as the notional amount for the purposes of the credit default swap, the obligations are covered and no coverage is required; to the extent that the Fund’s notional exposure on the credit default exceeds the principal amount of the referenced security held by the Fund, the Fund must segregate liquid and unencumbered securities with a value equal to the buyer’s future payment obligations under the swap. If the Fund is the seller of the credit default swap, the Fund must segregate liquid and unencumbered securities with a value equal to the Fund’s payment obligation in the event of a default on the referenced obligation.
Credit default swaps involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly. In addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risks. A Fund will enter into swap agreements only with counterparties deemed creditworthy by the Fund’s subadviser.
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Dividend Swap Agreements
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A dividend swap agreement is a financial instrument where two parties contract to exchange a set of future cash flows at set dates in the future. One party agrees to pay the other the future dividend flow on a stock or basket of stocks in an index, in return for which the other
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party gives the first call options. Dividend swaps generally are traded over the counter rather than on an exchange.
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Inflation Swap Agreements
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Inflation swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to pay the cumulative percentage increase in a price index (e.g., the Consumer Price Index with respect to CPI swaps) over the term of the swap (with some lag on the inflation index), while the other pays a compounded fixed rate. Inflation swap agreements may be used by a Fund to hedge the inflation risk associated with non-inflation indexed investments, thereby creating “synthetic” inflation-indexed investments. One factor that may lead to changes in the values of inflation swap agreements is a change in real interest rates, which are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. If nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates may rise, which may lead to a decrease in value of an inflation swap agreement.
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Total Return Swap Agreements
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“Total return swap” is the generic name for any non-traditional swap where one party agrees to pay the other the “total return” of a defined underlying asset, usually in return for receiving a stream of cash flows based upon an agreed rate. A total return swap may be applied to any underlying asset but is most commonly used with equity indices, single stocks, bonds and defined portfolios of loans and mortgages. A total return swap is a mechanism for the user to accept the economic benefits of asset ownership without utilizing the balance sheet. The other leg of the swap, which is often LIBOR, is spread to reflect the non-balance sheet nature of the product. Total return swaps can be designed with any underlying asset agreed between the two parties. No notional amounts are exchanged with total return swaps.
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Variance and Correlation Swap Agreements
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Variance swap agreements are contracts in which two parties agree to exchange cash payments based on the difference between the stated level of variance and the actual variance realized on an underlying asset or index. “Actual variance” as used here is defined as the sum of the square of the returns on the reference asset or index (which in effect is a measure of its “volatility”) over the length of the contract term. In other words, the parties to a variance swap can be said to exchange actual volatility for a contractually stated rate of volatility. Correlation swap agreements are contracts in which two parties agree to exchange cash payments based on the differences between the stated and the actual correlation realized on the underlying equity securities within a given equity index. “Correlation” as used here is defined as the weighted average of the correlations between the daily returns of each pair of securities within a given equity index. If two assets are said to be closely correlated, it means that their daily returns vary in similar proportions or along similar trajectories. A Fund may enter into variance or correlation swaps in an attempt to hedge equity market risk or adjust exposure to the equity markets.
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Equity Securities
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The Funds may invest in equity securities. Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks and preference stocks; securities such as bonds, warrants or rights that are convertible into stocks; and depositary receipts for those securities.
Common stockholders are the owners of the company issuing the stock and, accordingly, usually have the right to vote on various corporate governance matters such as mergers. They are not creditors of the company, but rather, in the event of liquidation of the company, would be entitled to their pro rata shares of the company’s
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assets after creditors (including fixed income security holders) and, if applicable, preferred stockholders are paid. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to dividends or upon liquidation. A preferred stockholder is a shareholder in the company and not a creditor of the company as is a holder of the company’s fixed income securities. Dividends paid to common and preferred stockholders are distributions of the earnings or other surplus of the company and not interest payments, which are expenses of the company. Equity securities owned by the Fund may be traded in the over-the-counter market or on a securities exchange and may not be traded every day or in the volume typical of securities traded on a major U.S. national securities exchange. As a result, disposition by the Fund of a portfolio security to meet redemptions by shareholders or otherwise may require the Fund to sell the security at less than the reported value of the security, to sell during periods when disposition is not desirable, or to make many small sales over a lengthy period of time. The market value of all securities, including equity securities, is based upon the market’s perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measure of a company’s worth.
Stock values may fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short- term risks than other types of securities. Smaller or newer issuers may be more likely to realize more substantial growth or suffer more significant losses. Investments in these companies can be both more volatile and more speculative. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a Fund invests will cause the NAV of the Fund to fluctuate.
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Securities of Small and Mid Capitalization Companies
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While small and medium-sized issuers in which a Fund invests may offer greater opportunities for capital appreciation than larger market capitalization issuers, investments in such companies may involve greater risks and thus may be considered speculative. For example, smaller companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In addition, many small and mid-capitalization company stocks trade less frequently and in smaller volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements, than stocks of larger companies. The securities of small and mid-capitalization companies may also be more sensitive to market changes than the securities of larger companies. When a Fund invests in small or mid-capitalization companies, these factors may result in above-average fluctuations in the NAV of the Fund’s shares. Therefore, a Fund investing in such securities should be considered as a long-term investment and not as a vehicle for seeking short-term profits. Similarly, an investment in a Fund solely investing in such securities should not be considered a complete investment program.
Market capitalizations of companies in which the Funds invest are determined at the time of purchase.
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Unseasoned Companies
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As a matter of operating policy, each Fund may invest to a limited extent in securities of unseasoned companies and new issues. The Adviser regards a company as unseasoned when, for example, it is relatively new to, or not yet well established in, its primary line of business. Such companies generally are smaller and younger than companies whose shares are traded on the major stock exchanges.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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Accordingly, their shares are often traded over-the-counter and their share prices may be more volatile than those of larger, exchange-listed companies. Generally, the Fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one company with a record of fewer than three years’ continuous operation (including that of predecessors).
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Foreign Investing
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The Funds may invest in a broad range of securities of foreign issuers, including equity, debt and convertible securities and foreign government securities. The Funds may purchase the securities of issuers from various countries, including countries commonly referred to as “emerging markets.” The Funds may also invest in domestic securities denominated in foreign currencies.
Investing in the securities of foreign companies involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, generally higher commission rates on foreign portfolio transactions, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in foreign countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Foreign issuers may become subject to sanctions imposed by the United States or another country, which could result in the immediate freeze of the foreign issuers’ assets or securities. The imposition of such sanctions could impair the market value of the securities of such foreign issuers and limit a Fund’s ability to buy, sell, receive or deliver the securities. Additionally, dividends payable on foreign securities may be subject to foreign taxes withheld prior to distribution. Foreign securities often trade with less frequency and volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of those securities which are denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Many of the foreign securities held by a Fund will not be registered with, nor will the issuers thereof be subject to the reporting requirements of, the SEC. Accordingly, there may be less publicly available information about the securities and about the foreign company or government issuing them than is available about a domestic company or government entity. Moreover, individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States economy in such respects as growth of Gross National Product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions. Finally, the Funds may encounter difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against issuers of foreign securities.
Securities of U.S. issuers denominated in foreign currencies may be less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities issued by domestic issuers and denominated in U.S. dollars. In addition, investing in securities denominated in foreign currencies often entails costs not associated with investment in U.S. dollar-denominated securities of U.S. issuers, such as the cost of converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars, higher brokerage commissions, custodial expenses and other fees. Non-U.S. dollar denominated securities may be subject to certain withholding and other taxes of the relevant jurisdiction, which may reduce the yield on the securities to the Funds and which may not be recoverable by the Funds or their investors.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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The Trust may use an eligible foreign custodian in connection with its purchases of foreign securities and may maintain cash and cash equivalents in the care of a foreign custodian. The amount of cash or cash equivalents maintained in the care of eligible foreign custodians will be limited to an amount reasonably necessary to effect the Trust’s foreign securities transactions. The use of a foreign custodian invokes considerations which are not ordinarily associated with domestic custodians. These considerations include the possibility of expropriations, restricted access to books and records of the foreign custodian, inability to recover assets that are lost while under the control of the foreign custodian, and the impact of political, social or diplomatic developments.
Settlement procedures relating to the Funds’ investments in foreign securities and to the Funds’ foreign currency exchange transactions may be more complex than settlements with respect to investments in debt or equity securities of U.S. issuers, and may involve certain risks not present in the Funds’ domestic investments. For example, settlement of transactions involving foreign securities or foreign currency may occur within a foreign country, and a Fund may be required to accept or make delivery of the underlying securities or currency in conformity with any applicable U.S. or foreign restrictions or regulations, and may be required to pay any fees, taxes or charges associated with such delivery. Such investments may also involve the risk that an entity involved in the settlement may not meet its obligations. Settlement procedures in many foreign countries are less established than those in the United States, and some foreign country settlement periods can be significantly longer than those in the United States.
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Depositary Receipts
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Each Fund permitted to hold foreign securities may also hold ADRs, ADSs, GDRs and EDRs. ADRs and ADSs typically are issued by an American bank or trust company and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes referred to as CDRs, are issued in Europe typically by foreign banks and trust companies and evidence ownership of either foreign or domestic securities. GDRs are similar to EDRs and are designed for use in several international financial markets. Generally, ADRs and ADSs in registered form are designed for use in United States securities markets and EDRs in bearer form are designed for use in European securities markets. For purposes of a Fund’s investment policies, its investments in ADRs, ADSs, GDRs and EDRs will be deemed to be investments in the underlying foreign securities.
Depositary Receipts may be issued pursuant to sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of Depositary Receipts. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts. For purposes of the Fund’s investment policies, investments in Depositary Receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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securities. Thus, a Depositary Receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.
Depositary Receipts are generally subject to the same sort of risks as direct investments in a foreign country, such as currency risk, political and economic risk, and market risk, because their values generally depend on the performance of a foreign security denominated in its home currency. (The risks of foreign investing are addressed above in this section of the SAI under the heading “Foreign Investing.”) In addition to risks associated with the underlying portfolio of securities, receipt holders also must consider credit standings of the custodians and broker/dealer sponsors. The receipts are not registered with the SEC and qualify as Rule 144A securities which may make them more difficult and costly to sell. (For information about Rule 144A securities, see “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Emerging Market Securities
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The Funds may invest in countries or regions with relatively low gross national product per capita compared to the world’s major economies, and in countries or regions with the potential for rapid economic growth (emerging markets). Emerging markets will include any country: (i) having an “emerging stock market” as defined by the International Finance Corporation; (ii) with low-to-middle-income economies according to the World Bank; (iii) listed in World Bank publications as developing; or (iv) determined by the adviser to be an emerging market as defined above.
Certain emerging market countries are either comparatively underdeveloped or are in the process of becoming developed and may consequently be economically dependent on a relatively few or closely interdependent industries. A high proportion of the securities of many emerging market issuers may also be held by a limited number of large investors trading significant blocks of securities. While a Fund’s subadviser will strive to be sensitive to publicized reversals of economic conditions, political unrest and adverse changes in trading status, unanticipated political and social developments may affect the values of the Fund’s investments in such countries and the availability of additional investments in such countries.
The risks of investing in foreign securities may be intensified in the case of investments in emerging markets. Securities of many issuers in emerging markets may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic issuers. Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of a Fund is uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of portfolio securities or, if a Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, in possible liability to the purchaser. Securities prices in emerging markets can be significantly more volatile than in the more developed nations of the world, reflecting the greater uncertainties of investing in less established markets and economies. In particular, countries with emerging markets may have relatively unstable governments, present the risk of nationalization of businesses,
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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restrictions on foreign ownership, or prohibitions of repatriation of assets, and may have less protection of property rights than more developed countries.
Certain emerging markets may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, a country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances, whether because deterioration occurs in an emerging market’s balance of payments or for other reasons. The Funds could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Funds of any restrictions on investments.
Investments in certain foreign emerging market debt obligations may be restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times preclude investment in certain foreign emerging market debt obligations and increase the expenses of the Funds.
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Foreign Currency Transactions
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When investing in securities denominated in foreign currencies, the Funds will be subject to the additional risk of currency fluctuations. An adverse change in the value of a particular foreign currency as against the U.S. dollar, to the extent that such change is not offset by a gain in other foreign currencies, will result in a decrease in the Fund’s assets. Any such change may also have the effect of decreasing or limiting the income available for distribution. Foreign currencies may be affected by revaluation, adverse political and economic developments, and governmental restrictions. Further, no assurance can be given that currency exchange controls will not be imposed on any particular currency at a later date.
As a result of its investments in foreign securities, a Fund may receive interest or dividend payments, or the proceeds of the sale or redemption of such securities, in the foreign currencies in which such securities are denominated. In that event, the Fund may convert such currencies into dollars at the then current exchange rate. Under certain circumstances, however, such as where the Fund’s subadviser believes that the applicable rate is unfavorable at the time the currencies are received or the Fund’s subadviser anticipates, for any other reason, that the exchange rate will improve, the Fund may hold such currencies for an indefinite period of time.
In addition, a Fund may be required to receive delivery of the foreign currency underlying forward foreign currency contracts it has entered into. This could occur, for example, if an option written by the Fund is exercised or the Fund is unable to close out a forward contract. A Fund may hold foreign currency in anticipation of purchasing foreign securities.
A Fund may also elect to take delivery of the currencies’ underlying options or forward contracts if, in the judgment of the Fund’s subadviser, it is in the best interest of the Fund to do so. In such instances as well, the Fund may convert the foreign currencies to dollars at the then current exchange rate, or may hold such currencies for an indefinite period of time.
While the holding of currencies will permit a Fund to take advantage of favorable movements in the applicable exchange rate, it also exposes the Fund to risk of loss if such rates move in a direction adverse to the Fund’s position. Such losses could reduce any profits or increase any losses sustained by the Fund from the sale or redemption of
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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securities, and could reduce the dollar value of interest or dividend payments received. In addition, the holding of currencies could adversely affect the Fund’s profit or loss on currency options or forward contracts, as well as its hedging strategies.
When a Fund effects foreign currency exchange transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign exchange market, the Fund incurs expenses in converting assets from one currency to another. A Fund may also effect other types of foreign currency exchange transactions, which have their own risks and costs. For information about such transactions, please see “Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, Futures and Options” under “Derivatives” in this section of the SAI.
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Foreign Investment Companies
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Some of the countries in which the Funds may invest may not permit, or may place economic restrictions on, direct investment by outside investors. Investments in such countries may be permitted only through foreign government-approved or -authorized investment vehicles, which may include other investment companies. These funds may also invest in other investment companies that invest in foreign securities. Investing through such vehicles may involve frequent or layered fees or expenses and may also be subject to limitation under the 1940 Act. As a shareholder of another investment company, the Fund would bear, along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees. Those expenses would be in addition to the advisory and other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations. For additional information, see “Mutual Fund Investing” in this section of the SAI.
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Privatizations
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The governments of some foreign countries have been engaged in programs of selling part or all of their stakes in government owned or controlled enterprises (“privatizations”). Privatizations may offer opportunities for significant capital appreciation. In certain foreign countries, the ability of foreign entities such as the Funds to participate in privatizations may be limited by local law, or the terms on which a Fund may be permitted to participate may be less advantageous than those for local investors. There can be no assurance that foreign governments will continue to sell companies currently owned or controlled by them or that privatization programs will be successful.
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Funding Agreements
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Each Fund may invest in funding agreements, which are insurance contracts between an investor and the issuing insurance company. For the issuer, they represent senior obligations under an insurance product. For the investor, and from a regulatory perspective, these agreements are treated as securities. These agreements, like other insurance products, are backed by claims on the general assets of the issuing entity and rank on the same priority level as other policy holder claims. Funding agreements typically are issued with a one-year final maturity and a variable interest rate, which may adjust weekly, monthly, or quarterly. Some agreements carry a seven-day put feature. A funding agreement without this feature is considered illiquid and will therefore be subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.) Funding agreements are regulated by the state insurance board of the state where they are executed.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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Guaranteed Investment Contracts
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Each Fund may invest in GICs issued by U.S. and Canadian insurance companies. A GIC requires the investor to make cash contributions to a deposit fund of an insurance company’s general account. The insurance company then makes payments to the investor based on negotiated, floating or fixed interest rates. A GIC is a general obligation of the issuing insurance company and not a separate account. The purchase price paid for a GIC becomes part of the general assets of the insurance company, and the contract is paid from the insurance company’s general assets. Generally, a GIC is not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance company, and an active secondary market in GICs does not currently exist. Therefore, these investments may be deemed to be illiquid, in which case they will be subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Illiquid and Restricted Securities
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Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are considered illiquid. Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the 1933 Act (“restricted securities”), securities that are otherwise not readily marketable, such as over-the-counter options, and repurchase agreements not entitling the holder to payment of principal in seven days. Such securities may offer higher yields than comparable publicly traded securities, and they also may incur higher risks.
Repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and time deposits that do not provide for payment to the Fund within seven days after notice or which have a term greater than seven days are deemed illiquid securities for this purpose unless such securities are variable amount master demand notes with maturities of nine months or less or unless the Fund’s subadviser has determined that an adequate trading market exists for such securities or that market quotations are readily available.
The Funds may purchase Rule 144A securities sold to institutional investors without registration under the 1933 Act and commercial paper issued in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act, for which an institutional market has developed. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on the issuer’s ability to honor a demand for repayment of the unregistered security.
Although the securities described in this section generally will be considered illiquid, a security’s contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of the security and therefore these securities may be determined to be liquid in accordance with guidelines established by the Board. The Trustees have delegated to each Fund’s subadviser the day-to-day determination of the liquidity of such securities in the respective Fund’s portfolio, although they have retained oversight and ultimate responsibility for such determinations. Although no definite quality criteria are used, the Trustees have directed the subadvisers to consider such factors as (i) the nature of the market for a security (including the institutional private resale markets); (ii) the terms of these securities or other instruments allowing for the disposition to a third party or the issuer thereof (e.g. certain repurchase obligations and demand instruments); (iii) availability of market quotations; and (iv) other permissible factors.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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The Trustees monitor implementation of the guidelines on a periodic basis.
If illiquid securities exceed 15% of a Fund’s net assets after the time of purchase, the Fund will take steps to reduce in an orderly fashion its holdings of illiquid securities. Because illiquid securities may not be readily marketable, the relevant Fund’s subadviser may not be able to dispose of them in a timely manner. As a result, the Fund may be forced to hold illiquid securities while their price depreciates. Depreciation in the price of illiquid securities may cause the NAV of the Fund holding them to decline. A security that is determined by a Fund’s subadviser to be liquid may subsequently revert to being illiquid if not enough buyer interest exists.
Restricted securities ordinarily can be sold by the Fund in secondary market transactions to certain qualified investors pursuant to rules established by the SEC, in privately negotiated transactions to a limited number of purchasers or in a public offering made pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act. When registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable time may elapse between the decision to sell and the sale date. If, during such period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than the price which prevailed when it decided to sell.
Restricted securities will be priced at fair value as determined in good faith by the Trustees or their delegate.
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Investment in a Subsidiary by Alternative Total Solution Fund and Potential Investment in a Subsidiary by Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
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Alternative Total Solution Fund will invest up to 25% of its total assets in the shares of its wholly owned and controlled Subsidiary. Investments in its Subsidiary are expected to provide the Fund with exposure to the commodity markets within the limitations of Subchapter M of the Code and recent IRS rulings, as discussed below under "Dividends, Distributions and Taxes-Tax Treatment of Commodity-Linked Swaps and Structured Notes." The Subsidiary is managed by VAIA and subadvised by the Fund's portfolio managers from Graham, and has the same investment objective as Alternative Total Solution Fund. The Subsidiary may invest without limitation in commodity interests. The Subsidiary is otherwise subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as its Fund, including the timing and method of the valuation of the Subsidiary's portfolio investments and shares of the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary is managed pursuant to compliance policies and procedures that are the same, in all material respects, as the policies and procedures adopted by its Fund. The Subsidiary is a company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and is overseen by its own board of directors. The Fund is the sole shareholder of its Subsidiary, and it is not currently expected that shares of the Subsidiary will be sold or offered to other investors.
By investing in its Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary's investments. The derivatives and other investments held by the Subsidiary are subject to the same risks that would apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. Although the Fund may enter into commodity-linked derivative instruments directly, the Fund will likely gain exposure to these derivative instruments indirectly by investing in its Subsidiary. To the extent that a portfolio manager believes that these commodity-linked derivative instruments are better suited to provide exposure to the
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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commodities market than commodity index-linked notes, the Fund's investment in its Subsidiary will likely increase. The Subsidiary may also invest in fixed income instruments, some of which are intended to serve as margin or collateral for the Subsidiary's derivatives positions.
Subject to its investment management agreement with the Subsidiary, VAIA selects subadvisers for the Subsidiary who are also subadvisers to the Fund, allocates Subsidiary assets among subadvisers, oversees the subadvisers and evaluates their performance results. The Subsidiary's subadvisers select the individual portfolio securities for the assets assigned to them. Neither VAIA nor the subadvisers receive any additional compensation for doing so. VAIA and each subadviser to a Subsidiary comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act relating to investment advisory contracts as an investment adviser to the applicable Fund.
The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act, and, although the Subsidiary is subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as its Fund, the Subsidiary is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. However, the Fund wholly owns and controls its Subsidiary, and the Fund and its Subsidiary are managed by VAIA, making it unlikely that the Subsidiary will take action contrary to the interests of its Fund and the Fund's shareholders. The Trust's Board has oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including the Fund's investment in its Subsidiary, and the Fund's role as sole shareholder of its Subsidiary. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the Fund and/or its Subsidiary to operate as described in the Prospectus and this SAI, and could adversely affect the Fund. For example, the Cayman Islands does not currently impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that the Subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands taxes, Fund shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns.
As of the date of this SAI, the Alternative Inflation Solution Fund does not invest in a Subsidiary. However, in the future the Alternative Inflation Solution Fund may elect to do so. If that occurs, the description and risks in the above paragraphs relating to investment in a Subsidiary for the Alternative Total Solution Fund will also apply to the Alternative Inflation Solution Fund, except that the assets of the Alternative Inflation Solutions Fund's Subsidiary would be managed by that Fund's portfolio managers at Credit Suisse.
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Leverage
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Each Fund may employ investment techniques that create leverage, either by using borrowed capital to increase the amount invested, or investing in instruments, including derivatives, where the investment loss can exceed the original amount invested. Certain investments or trading strategies that involve leverage can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
The SEC takes the position that transactions that have a leveraging effect on the capital structure of a mutual fund or are economically equivalent to borrowing can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing by the fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. These transactions can include buying and selling certain derivatives (such as futures contracts); selling (or writing) put and call options; engaging in sale-buybacks; entering into firm-commitment and stand-by commitment agreements; engaging in when-issued, delayed-delivery,
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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or forward-commitment transactions; and other similar trading practices (additional discussion about a number of these transactions can be found throughout this section of the SAI). As a result, when a Fund enters into such transactions the transactions may be subject to the same requirements and restrictions as borrowing. (See “Borrowing” below for additional information.)
The following are some of the Funds’ permitted investment techniques that are generally viewed as creating leverage for the Funds.
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Borrowing
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A Fund’s ability to borrow money is limited by its investment policies and limitations, by the 1940 Act, and by applicable exemptions, no-action letters, interpretations, and other pronouncements issued from time to time by the SEC and its staff or any other regulatory authority with jurisdiction. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary or emergency purposes. Any borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or for other reasons, a Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.
Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. A Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
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Mortgage “Dollar-Roll” Transactions
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Each Fund may enter into mortgage “dollar-roll” transactions pursuant to which it sells mortgage-backed securities for delivery in the future and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the mortgage-backed securities. The Fund is compensated for the lost interest by the difference between the current sales price and the lower price for the future purchase (often referred to as the “drop”) as well as by the interest earned on, and gains from, the investment of the cash proceeds of the initial sale. The Fund may also be compensated by receipt of a commitment fee. If the income and capital gains from the Fund’s investment of the cash from the initial sale do not exceed the income, capital appreciation and gain or loss that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the dollar roll, the use of this technique will diminish the investment performance of the Fund compared with what the performance would have been without the use of the dollar roll.
Dollar-roll transactions involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is required to purchase may decline below the agreed upon repurchase price of those securities. If the broker/dealer to whom the Fund sells securities becomes insolvent, the Fund’s right
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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to purchase or repurchase securities may be restricted. Successful use of dollar rolls may depend upon the Fund’s subadviser’s ability to correctly predict interest rates and prepayments. There is no assurance that dollar rolls can be successfully employed.
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Reverse Repurchase Agreements
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Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund sells a security and simultaneously commits to repurchase that security from the buyer, such as a bank or broker-dealer, at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon future date. The resale price in a reverse repurchase agreement reflects a market rate of interest that is not related to the coupon rate or maturity of the sold security. For certain demand agreements, there is no agreed upon repurchase date and interest payments are calculated daily, often based upon the prevailing overnight repurchase rate.
Generally, a reverse repurchase agreement enables the Fund to recover for the term of the reverse repurchase agreement all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities sold and to keep the interest income associated with those portfolio securities. Such transactions are only advantageous if the interest cost to the Fund of the reverse repurchase transaction is less than the cost of obtaining the cash otherwise. In addition, interest costs on the money received in a reverse repurchase agreement may exceed the return received on the investments made by the Fund with those monies. Using reverse repurchase agreements to earn additional income involves the risk that the interest earned on the invested proceeds is less than the expense of the reverse repurchase agreement transaction.
While a reverse repurchase agreement is outstanding, the Fund will maintain cash and appropriate liquid assets in a segregated custodial account to cover its obligation under the agreement. A Fund will enter into reverse repurchase agreements only with parties that the Fund’s subadviser deems creditworthy.
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Master Limited Partnerships
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An investment in MLP units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. Holders of MLP units have limited control on matters affecting the partnership. Conflicts of interest exist between common unit holders and the general partner, including those arising from incentive distribution payments. MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. MLPs that concentrate in a particular industry or a particular geographic region are subject to risks associated with such industry or region. The fees that MLPs charge for transportation of oil and gas products through their pipelines are subject to government regulation, which could negatively impact the revenue stream. Investing in MLPs also involves certain risks related to investing in the underlying assets of the MLPs and risks associated with pooled investment vehicles. These include the risk of environmental incidents, terrorist attacks, demand destruction from high commodity prices, proliferation of alternative energy sources, inadequate supply of external capital, and conflicts of interest with the general partner. There are also certain tax risks associated with investment in MLPs. The benefit derived from a Fund’s investment in MLPs is somewhat dependent on the MLP being treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, so any change to this status would adversely affect the price of MLP units. Historically, a substantial portion of the gross taxable income of MLPs has been offset by tax losses and deductions reducing gross income received by investors, and any change to these tax rules would
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adversely affect the price of an MLP unit. Certain MLPs may trade less frequently than other securities, and those with limited trading volumes may display volatile or erratic price movements.
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Money Market Instruments
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Each Fund may invest in money market instruments, which are high-quality short-term investments. The types of money market instruments most commonly acquired by the Funds are discussed below, although each Fund is also permitted to invest in other types of money market instruments to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment limitations and restrictions.
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Bankers’ Acceptances
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A bankers’ acceptance is a time draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower usually in connection with an international commercial transaction (to finance the import, export, transfer or storage of goods). The borrower, as well as the bank, is liable for payment, and the bank unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date. Most acceptances have maturities of six months or less and are traded in secondary markets prior to maturity.
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Certificates of Deposit
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Certificates of deposit are generally short-term, interest-bearing negotiable certificates issued by banks or savings and loan associations against funds deposited in the issuing institution. They generally may be withdrawn on demand but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which could reduce the Fund’s yield. Deposits subject to early withdrawal penalties or that mature in more than seven days are treated as illiquid securities if there is no readily available market for the securities.
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Commercial Paper
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Commercial paper refers to short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations to finance short-term credit needs. Commercial paper is usually sold on a discount basis and has a maturity at the time of issuance not exceeding nine months.
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Obligations of Foreign Banks and Foreign Branches of U.S. Banks
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The money market instruments in which the Funds may invest include negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits of foreign branches of U.S. banks, foreign banks and their non-U.S. branches (Eurodollars), U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks (Yankee dollars), and wholly-owned banking-related subsidiaries of foreign banks. For the purposes of each Fund’s investment policies with respect to money market instruments, obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and of foreign banks are obligations of the issuing bank and may be general obligations of the parent bank. Such obligations, however, may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by government regulation. As with investment in non-U.S. securities in general, investments in the obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and of foreign banks may subject a Fund to investment risks that are different in some respects from those of investments in obligations of domestic issuers.
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Time Deposits
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Time deposits are deposits in a bank or other financial institution for a specified period of time at a fixed interest rate for which a negotiable certificate is not received.
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U.S. Government Obligations
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Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States Government include a variety of Treasury securities, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. Treasury bills have maturities of one year or less. Treasury notes have maturities of one to ten years, and Treasury bonds generally have maturities of greater than ten years.
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Agencies of the United States Government which issue or guarantee obligations include, among others, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Housing Administration, GNMA, Maritime Administration, Small Business Administration and The Tennessee Valley Authority. Obligations of instrumentalities of the United States Government include securities issued or guaranteed by, among others, FNMA, Federal Home Loan Banks, FHLMC, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Banks for Cooperatives, and the U.S. Postal Service. Some of these securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury, while still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. There is no guarantee that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities, now or in the future, if it is not obligated to do so by law. Accordingly, although these securities have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity, they may involve more risk than securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government because the Fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the securities for repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States if the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment.
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Mutual Fund Investing
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Each Fund is authorized to invest in the securities of other investment companies subject to the limitations contained in the 1940 Act.
Investment companies in which the Fund may invest may include ETFs. An ETF is an investment company classified as an open-end investment company or unit investment trust that is traded similarly to a publicly traded company. Most ETFs seek to achieve the same return as a particular market index. That type of ETF is similar to an index fund in that it will primarily invest in the securities of companies that are included in a selected market index. An index-based ETF will invest in all of the securities included in the index, a representative sample of the securities included in the index, or other investments expected to produce returns substanially similar to that of the index. Other types of ETFs include leveraged or inverse ETFs, which are ETFs that seek to achieve a daily return that is a multiple or an inverse multiple of the daily return of a securities index. An important characteristic of these ETFs is that they seek to achieve their stated objectives on a daily basis, and their performance over longer periods of time can differ significantly from the multiple or inverse multiple of the index performance over those longer periods of time. ETFs also include actively managed ETFs that pursue active management strategies and publish their portfolio holdings on a frequent basis.
In connection with the management of its daily cash positions, each Fund may invest in securities issued by investment companies that invest in short-term debt securities (which may include municipal obligations that are exempt from Federal income taxes) and that seek to maintain a $1.00 NAV per share.
In certain countries, investments by the Funds may only be made through investments in other investment companies that, in turn, are authorized to invest in the securities that are issued in such countries.
(See “Foreign Investment Companies” under “Foreign Investing” in this section of the SAI.)
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Under the 1940 Act, a Fund may not own more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of an investment company, invest more than 5% of its total assets in any one investment company, or invest more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of investment companies. In some instances, a Fund may invest in an investment company in excess of these limits; for instance, with respect to investments in money market funds or investments made pursuant to an exemptive order granted by the SEC. Many ETFs have obtained exemptive relief from the SEC to permit unaffiliated funds to invest in the ETF’s shares beyond the statutory limitations discussed above, subject to certain conditions. The Funds may rely on these exemptive orders to invest in unaffiliated ETFs. In addition to this, the Trust has obtained exemptive relief permitting the Funds to exceed the limitations with respect to investments in affiliated and unaffiliated funds that are not themselves funds of funds, subject to certain conditions.
The risks associated with investing in other investment companies generally reflect the risks of owning shares of the underlying securities in which those investment companies invest, although lack of liquidity in an investment company could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities. For purposes of complying with investment policies requiring a Fund to invest a percentage of its assets in a certain type of investments (e.g., stocks of small capitalization companies), the Fund generally will look through an investment company in which it invests, to categorize the investment company in accordance with the types of investments the investment company holds.
Certain investment companies in which the Funds may invest may be considered commodity pools under the CEA and applicable CFTC regulations. If a Fund invests in such an investment company, the Fund will be required to treat some or all of its holding of the investment company’s shares as a commodity interest for the purposes of determining whether the Fund is qualified to claim exclusion or exemption from regulation by the CFTC. (See “Commodity Interests” in this section of the SAI for additional information regarding the implications to the Funds of investing in commodity interests.)
Investors in each Fund should recognize that when a Fund invests in another investment company, the Fund will bear its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees, in addition to the expenses the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations.
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Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
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Each Fund may invest in REITs. REITs pool investors’ funds for investment primarily in income producing commercial real estate or real estate related loans. A REIT is not taxed on income distributed to shareholders if it complies with several requirements relating to its organization, ownership, assets, and income and a requirement that it distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its taxable income (other than net capital gains) for each taxable year.
REITs can generally be classified as follows:
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estate mortgages and derive their income primarily from interest
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payments.
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REITs are like closed-end investment companies in that they are essentially holding companies. An investor should realize that by investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, he will bear not only his proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of the underlying REITs. (See “Mutual Fund Investing” in this section of the SAI.)
Selecting REITs requires an evaluation of the merits of each type of asset a particular REIT owns, as well as regional and local economics. Due to the proliferation of REITs in recent years and the relative lack of sophistication of certain REIT managers, the quality of REIT assets has varied significantly. The risks associated with REITs are similar to those associated with the direct ownership of real estate. These include declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, dependence on management skill, cash flow dependence, possible lack of availability of long-term mortgage funds, over-building, extended vacancies of properties, decreased occupancy rates and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in neighborhood values and the appeal of the properties to tenants and changes in interest rates.
Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties they own, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally are not diversified. Equity and mortgage REITs are also subject to potential defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the possibility of failing to qualify for tax-free status of income under the Code and failing to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. In addition, investment in REITs could cause the Fund to possibly fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of the SAI.)
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Repurchase Agreements
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Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements by which the Fund purchases portfolio securities subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon time and price. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase price may be the same, with interest payable to the Fund at a stated rate together with the repurchase price on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Fund is unrelated to the interest rate on the security.
A repurchase agreement must be collateralized by obligations that could otherwise be purchased by the Fund (except with respect to maturity), and these must be maintained by the seller in a segregated account for the Fund. The value of such collateral will be monitored throughout the term of the repurchase agreement in an attempt to ensure that the market value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the repurchase price (including accrued interest). If the value of the collateral dips below such repurchase price, additional collateral will be requested and, when received, added to the account to maintain full collateralization.
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Repurchase agreements of more than seven days’ duration are subject to each Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities, which means that no more than 15% of the market value of a Fund’s total assets may be invested in repurchase agreements with a maturity of more than seven days and in other illiquid securities.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Repurchase agreements will be entered into with commercial banks, brokers and dealers considered by the relevant Fund’s subadviser to be creditworthy. However, the use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks such as default by, or insolvency of, the other party to the transaction. The Fund also might incur disposition costs in connection with liquidating the underlying securities or enforcing its rights.
Typically, repurchase agreements are in effect for one week or less, but they may be in effect for longer periods of time.
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Securities Lending
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Subject to certain investment restrictions, each Fund may, subject to the Trustees’ and Trust Treasurer’s approval, lend securities from its portfolio to brokers, dealers and financial institutions deemed creditworthy and receive, as collateral, cash or cash equivalents which at all times while the loan is outstanding will be maintained in amounts equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral will be invested in short-term securities that will increase the current income of the Fund lending its securities. A Fund will have the right to regain record ownership of loaned securities to exercise beneficial rights such as voting rights and subscription rights. While a securities loan is outstanding, the Fund is to receive an amount equal to any dividends, interest or other distributions with respect to the loaned securities. A Fund may pay reasonable fees to persons unaffiliated with the Trust for services in arranging such loans.
Even though securities lending usually does not impose market risks on the lending Fund, as with any extension of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery of the loaned securities and in some cases loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially. In addition, the value of the collateral taken as security for the securities loaned may decline in value or may be difficult to convert to cash in the event that a Fund must rely on the collateral to recover the value of the securities. Moreover, if the borrower of the securities is insolvent, under current bankruptcy law, the Fund could be ordered by a court not to liquidate the collateral for an indeterminate period of time. If the borrower is the subject of insolvency proceedings and the collateral held might not be liquidated, the result could be a material adverse impact on the liquidity of the lending Fund.
No Fund will lend securities having a value in excess of 33 1/3% of its assets, including collateral received for loaned securities (valued at the time of any loan).
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Short Sales
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Each Fund may sell securities short as part of its overall portfolio management strategies involving the use of derivative instruments and to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities. A short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire, or that it owns but does not wish to deliver, in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. All other short sales are commonly referred to as “naked” short sales.
When a Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Fund may
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have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund covers its short position, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
If a Fund sells securities short against the box, it may protect unrealized gains, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises. If a Fund engages in naked short sales, the Fund’s risk of loss could be as much as the maximum attainable price of the security (which could be limitless) less the price paid by the Fund for the security at the time it was borrowed.
When a Fund sells securities short, to the extent required by applicable law and regulation the Fund will “cover” the short sale, which generally means that the Fund will segregate any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily, equal to the market value of the securities sold short, reduced by any amount deposited as margin. Alternatively, the Fund may “cover” a short sale by (a) owning the underlying securities, (b) owning securities currently convertible into the underlying securities at an exercise price equal to or less than the current market price of the underlying securities, or (c) owning a purchased call option on the underlying securities with an exercise price equal to or less than the price at which the underlying securities were sold short.
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Special Situations
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Each Fund may invest in special situations that the Fund’s subadviser believes present opportunities for capital growth. Such situations most typically include corporate restructurings, mergers, and tender offers.
A special situation arises when, in the opinion of the Fund’s subadviser, the securities of a particular company will, within a reasonably estimable period of time, be accorded market recognition at an appreciated value solely by reason of a development particularly or uniquely applicable to that company and regardless of general business conditions or movements of the market as a whole. Developments creating special situations might include, among others, the following: liquidations, reorganizations, recapitalizations, mergers, or tender offers; material litigation or resolution thereof; technological breakthroughs; and new management or management policies. Although large and well-known companies may be involved, special situations often involve much greater risk than is inherent in ordinary investment securities.
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Temporary Investments
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When business or financial conditions warrant, each Fund may assume a temporary defensive position by investing in money-market instruments, including obligations of the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities, obligations of foreign sovereigns, other debt securities, commercial paper including bank obligations, certificates of deposit (including Eurodollar certificates of deposit) and repurchase agreements. (See “Money Market Instruments” in this section of the SAI for more information about these types of investments.)
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For temporary defensive purposes, during periods in which a Fund’s subadviser believes adverse changes in economic, financial or political conditions make it advisable, the Fund may reduce its holdings in equity and other securities and may invest up to 100% of its assets in certain short-term (less than twelve months to maturity) and medium-term (not greater than five years to maturity) debt securities and in cash (U.S. dollars, foreign currencies, or multicurrency units). The short-term and medium-term debt securities in which a Fund may invest for temporary defensive purposes will be those that the Fund’s subadviser believes to be of high quality (i.e., subject to relatively low risk of loss of interest or principal). If rated, these securities will be rated in one of the three highest rating categories by rating services such as Moody’s or S&P (i.e., rated at least A).
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Warrants or Rights to Purchase Securities
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Each Fund may invest in or acquire warrants or rights to purchase equity or fixed income securities at a specified price during a specific period of time. A Fund will make such investments only if the underlying securities are deemed appropriate by the Fund’s subadviser for inclusion in the Fund’s portfolio. Included are warrants and rights whose underlying securities are not traded on principal domestic or foreign exchanges. Warrants and stock rights are almost identical to call options in their nature, use and effect except that they are issued by the issuer of the underlying security, rather than an option writer, and they generally have longer expiration dates than call options. (See “Options” in this section of the SAI for information about call options.)
Bonds with warrants attached to purchase equity securities have many characteristics of convertible bonds and their prices may, to some degree, reflect the performance of the underlying stock. However, unlike convertible securities and preferred stocks, warrants do not pay a fixed dividend. Bonds also may be issued with warrants attached to purchase additional fixed income securities at the same coupon rate. A decline in interest rates would permit a Fund holding such warrants to buy additional bonds at the favorable rate or to sell the warrants at a profit. If interest rates rise, the warrants would generally expire with no value.
A Fund may purchase put warrants and call warrants whose values vary depending on the change in the value of one or more specified securities indices (“index warrants”). Index warrants are generally issued by banks or other financial institutions and give the holder the right, at any time during the term of the warrant, to receive upon exercise of the warrant a cash payment from the issuer based on the value of the underlying index at the time of exercise. In general, if the value of the underlying index rises above the exercise price of the index warrant, the holder of a call warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the value of the index and the exercise price of the warrant; if the value of the underlying index falls, the holder of a put warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the exercise price of the warrant and the value of the index. The holder of a warrant would not be entitled to any payments from the issuer at any time when, in the case of a call warrant, the exercise price is greater than the value of the underlying index or, in the case of a put warrant, the exercise price is less than the value of the underlying index. If a Fund were not to exercise an
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index warrant prior to its expiration, then the Fund would lose the amount of the purchase price paid by it for the warrant.
A Fund will normally use index warrants in a manner similar to its use of options on securities indices. The risks of the Fund’s use of index warrants are generally similar to those relating to its use of index options. (See “Options” in this section of the SAI for information about index options.) Unlike most index options, however, index warrants are issued in limited amounts and are not obligations of a regulated clearing agency, but are backed only by the credit of the bank or other institution which issues the warrant. Also, index warrants generally have longer terms than index options. Although a Fund will normally invest only in exchange-listed warrants, index warrants are not likely to be as liquid as certain index options backed by a recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of index warrants may limit a Fund’s ability to exercise the warrants at such time, or in such quantities, as the Fund would otherwise wish to do.
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When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions
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Each Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis. These transactions are also known as delayed delivery transactions. (The phrase “delayed delivery” is not intended to include purchases where a delay in delivery involves only a brief period required by the selling party solely to locate appropriate certificates and prepare them for submission for clearance and settlement in the customary way.) Delayed delivery transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date (ordinarily up to 90 days later). The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitments are negotiated directly with the selling party.
When-issued purchases and forward commitments enable the Fund to lock in what is believed to be an attractive price or yield on a particular security for a period of time, regardless of future changes in interest rates. For example, in periods of rising interest rates and falling bond prices, the Fund might sell debt securities it owns on a forward commitment basis to limit its exposure to falling prices. In periods of falling interest rates and rising prices, the Fund might sell securities it owns and purchase the same or similar securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, thereby obtaining the benefit of currently higher yields. The Fund will not enter into such transactions for the purpose of leverage.
The value of securities purchased on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and any subsequent fluctuations in their value will be reflected in the Fund’s NAV starting on the first business day after the date of the agreement to purchase the securities. The Fund will be subject to the rights and risks of ownership of the securities on the agreement date. However, the Fund will not earn interest on securities it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and received. A seller’s failure to deliver securities to the Fund could prevent the Fund from realizing a price or yield considered to be advantageous and could cause the Fund to incur expenses associated with unwinding the transaction.
When a Fund makes a forward commitment to sell securities it owns, the proceeds to be received upon settlement will be included in the Fund’s assets. Fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities will not be reflected in the Fund’s NAV as long as the
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commitment to sell remains in effect. Settlement of when-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions generally takes place up to 90 days after the date of the transaction, but the Fund may agree to a longer settlement period.
The Funds will make commitments to purchase securities on a when-issued basis or to purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into. A Fund also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions.
When a Fund purchases securities on a when-issued or forward-commitment basis, the Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records securities having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Fund’s purchase commitments. These procedures are designed to ensure that each Fund will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued purchases and forward commitments.
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Name and Year of Birth
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Length of Time Served
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Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee
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Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
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Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years
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Independent Trustees
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Mann, Thomas F.
YOB: 1950
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Since
2013
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7
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Managing Director and Group Head Financial Institutions Group (2003 to 2012), Societe Generale Sales of Capital Market Solutions and Products.
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Founder, MannMaxx Management; Trustee (since 2002), The Hatteras Funds (16 portfolios); Trustee (since 2012), Virtus Closed-End Funds (3 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (4 portfolios).
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
|
|
Length of Time Served
|
|
|
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee
|
|
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
|
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
McLoughlin, Philip Chairman
YOB: 1946
|
|
|
Since
2013
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
Partner (2006 to
2010),
Cross
Pond Partners, LLC
(investment management
consultant); and Partner (2008 to 2010), SeaCap
Partners,
LLC (strategic advisory firm).
|
|
|
Director (since 1991) and Chairman (since 2010), World Trust Fund; Director (since 1995), closed-end funds managed by Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co. (4 portfolios); Chairman (since 2002) and Trustee (since 1989), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (48 portfolios); Chairman and Trustee (since 2003), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Trustee and Chairman (since 2011), Virtus Closed-End Funds (3 portfolios); Trustee and Chairman (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (4 portfolios); and Director (1985 to 2009), Argo Group International Holdings Inc. and its predecessor, PXRE Corporation (insurance).
|
|
|
Moyer, William R.
YOB: 1944
|
|
|
Since
2013
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
Financial and Operations Principal (2006 to present), Newcastle Distributors LLC (broker dealer); Partner (2006 to 2012), CrossPond Partners, LLC (strategy consulting firm);
|
|
|
Trustee (since 2012), Virtus Closed-End Funds (3 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (4 portfolios).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partner (2008 to 2010), Seacap Partners, LLC (investment management); and former Chief Financial Officer, Phoenix Investment Partners.
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
|
|
Length of Time Served
|
|
|
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee
|
|
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
|
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Oates, James M.
YOB: 1946
|
|
|
Since
2013
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
Managing Director (since 1994), Wydown Group (consulting firm).
|
|
|
Trustee (since 1987), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (46 portfolios);
Director (since
1996), Stifel Financial; Director
(1998 to 2014),
Connecticut
River Bancorp; Chairman and Director
(1999 to 2014),
Connecticut River Bank; Chairman (since 2000), Emerson Investment Management, Inc.; Director
(2002 to 2014), New
Hampahire
Trust Company;
Chairman and Trustee (since 2005), John Hancock Fund Complex
(228
portfolios);
Non-Executive Chairman (2007 to 2011), Hudson Castle Group, Inc. (formerly IBEX Capital Markets, Inc.) (financial services);
Trustee/Director
(since
2013), Virtus Closed-End
Funds (3 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions
Funds
(4
portfolios).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
|
|
Length of Time Served
|
|
|
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee
|
|
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
|
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Interested Trustee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Aylward, George R.
YOB: 1964
|
|
|
Since
2013
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2008), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; and various senior officer positions with Virtus affiliates (since 2005).
|
|
|
Trustee (since 2006), Virtus Mutual Funds (48 portfolios); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2006), The Zweig Closed-End Funds (2 portfolios); Trustee (since 2012), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Trustee and President (since 2011), Virtus Closed-End Funds (3 portfolios); Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds, PLC (2 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (4 portfolios).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Address and Year of Birth
|
|
|
Position(s) Held with the Trust and Length of Time Served
|
|
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bradley, W. Patrick
YOB: 1972
|
|
|
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since 2013
|
|
|
Senior Vice President, Fund Services (since 2010), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various officer positions (since 2006) with Virtus affiliates; Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2011 to 2013), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2004), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2011 to 2013), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2006), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2012 to 2013) and Treasurer (Chief Financial Officer) (since 2007), The Zweig Closed-End Funds; Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2011 to 2013), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2011), Virtus Closed-End Funds; Vice President and Assistant Treasurer (since 2011), Duff & Phelps Global Utility Income Fund Inc.; Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds, PLC; and Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust.
|
|
|
Engberg, Nancy J.
YOB: 1956
|
|
|
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer since 2013
|
|
|
Vice President (since 2008) and Chief Compliance Officer (2008 to 2011), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various officer positions (since 2003) with Virtus affiliates; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Vice President (since 2010), Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Closed-End Funds; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2012), The Zweig Closed-End Funds; and Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust.
|
|
|
Fromm, Jennifer
YOB: 1973
|
|
|
Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, and Secretary since 2013
|
|
|
Senior Counsel, Legal, Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries (since 2007); Assistant Secretary of various Virtus-affiliated open-end funds (since 2008); Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, and Secretary of Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (since 2013); and Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, and Secretary since 2013.
|
|
|
Waltman, Francis G.
YOB: 1962
|
|
|
Executive Vice President since 2013
|
|
|
Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various senior officer positions (since 2006) with Virtus affiliates; Executive Vice President (since 2013), Senior Vice President (2008 to 2013), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Executive Vice President (since 2013), Senior Vice President (2010 to 2013), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Executive Vice President (since 2013), Senior Vice President (2011 to 2013), Virtus Closed-End Funds; Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds PLC; and Executive Vice President (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in a Fund of the Trust
|
|
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Trustee Ownership in all Funds Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Independent Trustees
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Thomas F. Mann
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Over $100,000
|
|
|
Philip McLoughlin
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Over $100,000
|
|
|
William R. Moyer
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
|
|
James M. Oates
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund - $10,001-$50,000
Alternative Total Solution Fund - $10,001-$50,000
|
|
|
Over $100,000
|
|
|
Interested Trustee
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
George R. Aylward
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund - $10,001-$50,000
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund - $10,001-$50,000
Alternative Total Solution Fund - $10,001-$50,000
|
|
|
Over $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate Compensation from the Trust
|
|
|
Total Compensation From Trust and Fund Complex Paid to Trustees
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Independent Trustees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thomas F. Mann
|
|
|
|
$
|
57,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
135,500
|
|
|
|
|
(7 funds)
|
|
|
Philip R. McLoughlin
|
|
|
|
$
|
72,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
680,500
|
|
|
|
|
(65 funds)
|
|
|
William R. Moyer
|
|
|
|
$
|
60,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
135,500
|
|
|
|
|
(7 funds)
|
|
|
James M. Oates
|
|
|
|
$
|
55,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
358,500
|
|
|
|
|
(52 funds)
|
|
|
Interested Trustee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
George R. Aylward
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Advisory Fee
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
0.75%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
st
$5 Billion
|
|
|
$5+ Billion
|
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund*
|
|
|
1.80%
|
|
|
1.75%
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund*
|
|
|
1.75%
|
|
|
1.70%
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund*
|
|
|
1.95%
|
|
|
1.90%
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
1.30%
|
|
|
1.25%
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund*
|
|
|
0.80%
|
|
|
0.75%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Class A
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
|
Class I
|
|
|
Class R6
|
|
|
Through Date
|
|
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
2.45
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.20
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.20
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
February 29, 2016
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
2.40
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.15
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.15
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
February 29, 2016
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
|
2.60
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.35
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.35
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.35
|
%
|
|
|
|
February 29, 2016
|
|
|
Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
|
|
1.35
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.10
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.10
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.04
|
%
|
|
|
|
February 28, 2017
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
|
|
1.80
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.55
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.55
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
February 28, 2017
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
|
1.40
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.15
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.15
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
February 29, 2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Gross Advisory Fee ($)
|
|
|
Advisory Fee Waived and/or Expenses Reimbursed ($)
|
|
|
Net Advisory Fee ($)
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
391,285
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
233,757
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
157,528
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
299,271
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
214,605
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
84,666
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
651,816
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
323,593
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
249,777
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
28,262
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
87,340
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($58,078
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross Subadvisory Fee
|
|
|
Subadvisory Fee Waived and/or Expenses Reimbursed
|
|
|
Net Subadvisory Fee
|
|
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fund
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
2014
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($674
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
($674
|
)
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($8,951
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
($8,951
|
)
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
26,744
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
26,744
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
14,131
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($76,488
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
($62,357
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Administration Fee ($)
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|||||
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
21,738
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
17,101
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
33,085
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,532
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate Underwriting Commissions ($)
|
|
|
Amount Retained by the Distributors ($)
|
|
|
Amount Reallowed ($)
|
|
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fund
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
2014
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
750
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
106
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
644
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,857
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
567
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,290
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a Percentage of Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as a Percentage of Amount Invested
|
|
|
Dealer Discount as a Percentage of Offering Price
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Under $50,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.90
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
%
|
|
|
|
$50,000 but under $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.63
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
|
$100,000 but under $250,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.36
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.75
|
|
|
|
|
$250,000 but under $500,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
|
$500,000 but under $1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.78
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.50
|
|
|
|
|
$1,000,000 or more
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as Percentage of Offering Price
|
|
|
Sales Charge as Percentage of Net Amount Invested
|
|
|
Dealer Discount or Agency Fee as Percentage of Offering Price
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Less than $50,000
|
|
|
|
|
5.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.10
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
$50,000 but under $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
4.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.99
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.25
|
|
|
|
|
$100,000 but under $250,000
|
|
|
|
|
3.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.25
|
|
|
|
|
$250,000 but under $500,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.83
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.25
|
|
|
|
|
$500,000 but under $1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.75
|
|
|
|
|
$1,000,000 or more
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Rule 12b-1 Fees Paid ($)
|
|
|
Rule 12b-1 Fees Wavied ($)
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|||||||||
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
734
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
530
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,875
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Rule 12b-1 Fees Paid ($)
|
|
|
Rule 12b-1 Fees Wavied ($)
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|||||||||
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
73
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
(s)
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
Kathleen Barchick
Eric Conklin
Stanley Kraska
Warun Kumar
Andrew Lacey
Joe Lu
Donald E. Morgan III
Stephen Nesbitt
Keith Pauley
Peter Reed
Amy Robinson
Patrick Ryan
Nathan Sandler
David Steinberg
Daniel Stern
Kyle Waldhauer
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
Kathleen Barchick
John Brynjolfsson
Christopher Burton
Eric Conklin
Stanley Kraska
Warun Kumar
Nelson Louie
Stephen Nesbitt
Donald E. Morgan III
John Mulquiney
Keith Pauley
Warryn Robertson
Amy Robinson
Daniel Stern
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
(s)
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
Jeffrey Altman
Kathleen Barchick
John Brynjolfsson
Pablo Calderini
Eric Conklin
Malcolm Fairbairn
Stanley Kraska
Daniel Krueger
Warun Kumar
Jeffrey Lee
Joe Lu
Donald E. Morgan III
John Mulquiney
Stephen Nesbitt
Keith Pauley
Peter Reed
Sean Reynolds
Warryn Robertson
Amy Robinson
Nathan Sandler
David Steinberg
Daniel Stern
Kenneth G. Tropin
|
|
|
Credit Opportunties Fund
|
|
|
David L. Albrycht, CFA
Edwin Tai, CFA
Manases Zarco, CFA
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
Peter Fitzgerald, CFA
Daniel James
|
|
|
|
|
Ian Pizer, PhD, CFA
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
David L. Albrycht, CFA
Francesco Ossino
Jonathan R. Stanley, CFA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles (PIVs)
|
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
David L. Albrycht
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
$11.29 billion
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$20 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Jeffrey Altman
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$56 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Kathleen Barchick
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$149 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
John Brynjolfsson
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$347.7 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$80.5 million
|
|
|
Christopher Burton
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$5.78 billion
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$1.95 billion
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$1.68 million
|
|
|
Pablo Calderini
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$55.7 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$59.1 million
|
|
|
Eric Conklin
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$1.6 billion
|
|
|
65
|
|
|
$5.7 billion
|
|
|
Malcolm Fairbairn
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Peter Fitzgerald*
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
$4.08 billion
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
$29.96 billion
|
|
|
Daniel James*
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$273 million
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$2.08 billion
|
|
|
Stanley Kraska
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
$101.1 million
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$10.8 billion
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
$1.7 billion
|
|
|
Daniel Krueger
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$56 milllion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Warun Kumar
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$149 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Andrew Lacey
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$1.54 billion
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
$2.3 billion
|
|
|
172
|
|
|
$7.0 billion
|
|
|
Jeffrey Lee
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$56 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Nelson Louie
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$5.78 billion
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$1.95 billion
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$1.68 billion
|
|
|
Joe Lu
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Donald E. Morgan III
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$1.05 billion
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
$4.3 billion
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$3.02 billion
|
|
|
John Mulquiney
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$2.21 billion
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$2.36 billion
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
$6.1 billion
|
|
|
Stephen Nesbitt
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$149 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Francesco Ossino
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$1.1 billion
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$5 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Keith Pauley
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
$101.1 million
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$10.8 billion
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
$1.7 billion
|
|
|
Ian Pizer*
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$1.77 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Peter Reed
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Sean Reynolds
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$56.9 million
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
$5.32 million
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$5.59 million
|
|
|
Warryn Robertson
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$2.21 biillion
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$2.36 billion
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
$4.61 billion
|
|
|
Amy Robinson
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
$8.2 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Patrick Ryan
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$314.99 million
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
$1.66 billion
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
$2.21 billion
|
|
|
Nathan Sandler
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$97 million
|
|
|
Jonathan R. Stanley
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$429 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
David Steinberg
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Daniel Stern
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$149 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Edwin Tai**
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Kenneth G. Tropin
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$55.7 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$59.1 million
|
|
|
Kyle Waldhauer
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$314.99 million
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$1.37 billion
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
$2.21 billion
|
|
|
Manases Zarco**
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles (PIVs)
|
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
David L. Albrycht
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Jeffrey Altman
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
$3.99 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Kathleen Barchick
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
John Brynjolfsson
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$92.4 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Christopher Burton
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$39 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Pablo Calderini
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$4.7 billion
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
$2.4 billion
|
|
|
Eric Conklin
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$20 million
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$350 million
|
|
|
Malcolm Fairbairn
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$2.66 billion
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$705 million
|
|
|
Peter Fitzgerald*
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles (PIVs)
|
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
Daniel James*
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Stanley Kraska
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$127 million
|
|
|
Daniel Krueger
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$3.53 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Warun Kumar
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Andrew Lacey
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$8.69 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$479.46 million
|
|
|
Jeffrey Lee
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$3.64 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Nelson Louie
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$39 million
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Joe Lu
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$1.20 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Donald E. Morgan III
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
$8.43 billion
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$540 million
|
|
|
John Mulquiney
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Stephen Nesbitt
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Francesco Ossino
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$79 million
|
|
|
Keith Pauley
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$127 million
|
|
|
Ian
Pizer*
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Peter Reed
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$1.20 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Sean Reynolds
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
$553.1 million
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$318.45 million
|
|
|
Warryn Robertson
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0 billion
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$1.46 billion
|
|
|
Amy Robinson
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
$1.9 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Patrick Ryan
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Nathan Sandler
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$3.16 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0 million
|
|
|
Jonathan R. Stanley
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
David Steinberg
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$1.20 billion
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Daniel Stern
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Edwin Tai**
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Kenneth G. Tropin
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$4.7 billion
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
$2.4 billion
|
|
|
Kyle Waldhauer
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
Manases Zarco**
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Performance Benchmark
|
|
|
Peer Group (Lipper Universe Average)
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
50% Barclays High-Yield Index/50% Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index
|
|
|
Lipper High Yield
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
BofA ML U.S. Dollar Three-Month LIBOR Constant Maturity Index
|
|
|
Lipper Alternative Credit Focus
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned in Fund Managed
|
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
David L. Albrycht
|
|
|
Credit Opportunities Fund
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
None
None
|
|
|
Jeffrey Altman
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Kathleen Barchick
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
John Brynjolfsson
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Christopher Burton
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Pablo Calderini
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Eric Conklin
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Malcolm Fairbairn
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Peter Fitzgerald*
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Daniel James*
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned in Fund Managed
|
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Stanley Kraska
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Daniel Krueger
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Warun Kumar
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Andrew Lacey
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Jeffrey Lee
|
|
|
Alternaiave Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Nelson Louie
|
|
|
Alternatiave Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Joe Lu
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Donald E. Morgan III
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
John Mulquiney
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Stephen Nesbitt
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Francesco Ossino
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Keith Pauley
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Ian Pizer*
|
|
|
Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Peter Reed
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Sean Reynolds
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Warryn Robertson
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Amy Robinson
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Patrick Ryan
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Nathan Sandler
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Jonathan R. Stanley
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
David Steinberg
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Daniel Stern
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Edwin Tai**
|
|
|
Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Kenneth G. Tropin
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Kyle Waldhauer
|
|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
Manases Zarco**
|
|
|
Credit Opportunities Fund
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Aggregate Amount of Brokerage Commissions ($)
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|||||
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
13,292
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
11,412
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
79,060
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,954
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
|
Broker/Dealer
|
|
|
Value ($000)
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alternative Income Solution Fund
|
|
|
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
|
|
|
|
$
|
36
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Total Solution Fund
|
|
|
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
|
|
|
|
$
|
224
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
|
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic Income Fund
|
|
|
Bank of America Corp.
|
|
|
|
$
|
60
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
|
|
|
$
|
204
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit Suisse
|
|
|
|
$
|
309
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
|
|
|
|
$
|
123
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
|
|
|
$
|
313
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
APPENDIX B — CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information as of May 18, 2015, with respect to each person who owns of record or is known by the Trust to own of record or beneficially own 5% or more of any class of any Fund’s outstanding securities and the name of each person who has beneficial ownership, either directly or through one or more controlled companies, of more than 25% of the voting securities of a Fund, as noted below.
* These entities are omnibus accounts for many individual shareholder accounts. The Funds are not aware of the size or identity of the underlying individual accounts.
CONTROL PERSON NAME AND ADDRESS |
FUND | PERCENTAGE (%) OF FUND OUTSTANDING |
VIRTUS PARTNERS INC. 100 PEARL STREET HARTFORD, CT 06103 |
INFLATION SOLUTION FUND INCOME SOLUTION FUND TOTAL SOLUTION FUND STRATEGIC INCOME FUND |
97.39 96.18 60.73 98.35 |
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS NAME AND ADDRESS |
FUND/CLASS |
PERCENTAGE (%) OF CLASS OUTSTANDING |
|
* |
AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INVESTMENT SVC 707 2ND AVE S MINNEAPOLIS MN 55402-2405 |
INFLATION SOLUTION FUND – C INCOME SOLUTION FUND – A INCOME SOLUTION FUND - C TOTAL SOLUTION FUND – A TOTAL SOLUTION FUND – C
|
37.99 59.69 54.26 43.74 30.50
|
AMERITRADE INC FBO XXXXXX3741 PO BOX 2226 OMAHA NE 68103-2226 |
STRATEGIC INCOME FUND-A | 5.62 | |
BNYM I S TRUST CO CUST FOR THE IRA ROLLOVER OF TERI JORDAN CARR VEAZIE ME 04401-7009 |
INFLATION SOLUTION FUND-A | 12.51 | |
BNYM I S TRUST CO CUST FOR THE IRA OF MICHAEL T CARR VEAZIE ME 04401-7009 |
INFLATION SOLUTION FUND-A | 10.06 | |
BNYM I S TRUST CO CUST FOR THE IRA OF GALEN P MCKENNEY 400 EXETER RD CORINNA ME 04928-3514 |
INFLATION SOLUTION FUND-A | 17.15 | |
BNYM I S TRUST CO CUST FOR THE SEP IRA OF MICHAEL F MOSSEY 69 PRILAY RD NEWPORT, ME 04953-3833 |
INFLATION SOLUTION FUND-A | 7.76 |
114
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS NAME AND ADDRESS |
FUND/CLASS |
PERCENTAGE (%) OF CLASS OUTSTANDING |
|
BNYM I S TRUST CO CUST FOR THE NON-DFI SIMPLE IRA OF MICHAEL R BLOWEN EAST WINDSOR CT 06088-9750 |
INFLATION SOLUTION FUND-C | 5.76 | |
BNYM I S TRUST CO CUST IRA FBO WILLIAM A RODEMAN 1200 DOMETRORCH RD ROCHEPORT MO 65279-9588 |
STRATEGIC INCOME FUND-C | 10.42 | |
DELMONT E HARTT CARMEL ME 04419-3301 |
INCOME SOLUTION FUND – A | 17.51 | |
GALEN P MCKENNEY CORINNA ME 04928-3514 |
INFLATION SOLUTION FUND – A | 16.62 | |
* |
LPL FINANCIAL OMNIBUS CUSTOMER ACCOUNT ATTN LINDSAY O'TOOLE 4707 EXECUTIVE DRIVE SAN DIEGO, CA 92121 |
STRATEGIC INCOME FUND – C |
26.24 |
MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CTR PLZ 2 FL 3 JERSEY CITY, NJ 07311 |
TOTAL SOLUTION FUND – A TOTAL SOLUTION FUND – C TOTAL SOLUTION FUND – I |
9.75 27.78 19.24 |
|
* |
NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC FBO OUR CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 4TH FL 499 WASHINGTON BLVD JERSEY CITY NJ 07310 |
TOTAL SOLUTION FUND – A
|
20.04
|
OPPENHEIMER & CO. INC. FBO RUSSELL GOODALE & CATHERINE GOODALE JTWROS RIVERHEAD NY 11901 |
INCOME SOLUTION FUND - C | 7.51 | |
* |
PERSHING LLC 1 PERSHING PLAZA JERSEY CITY NJ 07399-0002 |
TOTAL SOLUTION FUND – A TOTAL SOLUTION FUND – C INCOME SOLUTION FUND – A |
14.11 19.17 6.66 |
VIRTUS PARTNERS INC. 100 PEARL STREET HARTFORD, CT 06103 |
INFLATION SOLUTION FUND-A INFLATION SOLUTION FUND-C INFLATION SOLUTION FUND-I INCOME SOLUTION FD-A INCOME SOLUTION FD-C INCOME SOLUTION FD-I TOTAL SOLUTION FUND-I TOTAL SOLUTION FUND-R6 STRATEGIC INCOME FUND-A STRATEGIC INCOME FUND-C STRATEGIC INCOME FUND-I |
12.98 56.25 99.65 12.33 15.17 99.20 74.04 100.00 87.72 49.44 97.57 |
115
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
PART C — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. Exhibits
(a) | Agreement and Declaration of Trust. |
1. | Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant dated December 3, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(b) | Bylaws. |
1. | Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant dated December 3, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit b.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(c) | Reference is made to Articles III, V and VI of Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Articles II, VII and VIII of Registrant’s By-Laws. See Exhibits (a) and (b). |
(d) | Investment Advisory Contracts. |
1. | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc. (“VAIA”) effective February 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | First Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and VAIA effective September 8, 2014, filed via EDGAR with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | *Second Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and VAIA effective April 29, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.b) herewith. |
c) | *Third Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and VAIA effective June 4, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.c) herewith. |
2. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Armored Wolf, LLC (“Armored Wolf”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.2) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
3. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Ascend Capital LLC (“Ascend”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.3) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
4. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Brigade Capital Management, LLC (“Brigade”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
5. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Cliffwater Investments LLC (“Cliffwater”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.5) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
6. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC (“Credit Suisse”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.6) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
7. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Graham Capital Management, L.P. (“GCM”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.7) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 5 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
8. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Harvest Fund Advisors LLC (“Harvest”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.7) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
9. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and ICE Canyon LLC (“ICE Canyon”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.9) with Pre-effective |
C-1
Amendment No. 5 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
10. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and LaSalle Investment Management Securities, LLC (“LaSalle”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.10) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
11. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Lazard Asset Management LLC (“Lazard”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund, Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.11) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
12. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and MAST Capital Management, LLC (“MAST”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.12) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
13. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Owl Creek Asset Management, L.P. (“Owl Creek”) with respect to Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.13) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
14. | Investment Advisory Agreement between VAIA and VATS Offshore Fund, Ltd. (“VATS”) filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.14) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 5 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
15. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Cliffwater with respect to VATS filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.15) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 5 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
16. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and GCM with respect to VATS filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.16) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 5 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
17. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Newfleet Asset Management, LLC (“Newfleet”) with respect to Virtus Strategic Income Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.17) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
18. | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Aviva Investors Americas LLC (“AIA”) with respect to Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.18) with Post-effective Amendment No. 16 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on May 29, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
19. | *Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Newfleet with respect to Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.19) herewith. |
(e) | Underwriting Agreement |
1. | Underwriting Agreement with VP Distributors, LLC (“VP Distributors”) dated February 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit e.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | Form of Sales Agreement between VP Distributors and dealers (April 1, 2015) filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit e.2) with Post-effective Amendment No. 16 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on May 29, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(f) | None. |
(g) | Custodian Agreement |
1. | Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated March 21, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Amendment to Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of August 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Amendment to Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon effective May 19, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.b) with Post-effective Amendment No. 16 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on May 29, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
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2. | Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.2) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Amendment to Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of August 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.2.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Amendment to Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of May 19, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.2.b) with Post-effective Amendment No. 16 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on May 29, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(h) | Other Material Contracts |
1. | Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and Virtus Fund Services, LLC (“Virtus Fund Services”) effective February 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Equity Trust (“VET”), Virtus Insight Trust (“VIT”), Virtus Opportunities Trust (“VOT”), VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (“BNY Mellon”), dated April 15, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.6) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 27, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Adoption and Amendment Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.b) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon effective August 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
c) | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon effective November 12, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.c) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on January 22, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
d) | *Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon effective May 28, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.d) herewith. |
3. | Administration Agreement between the Registrant and Virtus Fund Services effective February 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | First Amendment to Administration Agreement between the Registrant and Virtus Fund Services effective September 8, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Second Amendment to Administration Agreement between the Registrant and Virtus Fund Services effective April 7, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.b) with Post-effective Amendment No. 16 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on May 29, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
c) | *Third Amendment to Administration Agreement between the Registrant and Virtus Fund Services effective June 4, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.c) herewith. |
4. | Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.5) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on February 25, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | First Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated June 30, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.13.) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Second Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated September 14, 2010 filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.14.) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference. |
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c) | Third Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated March 15, 2011 filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.15.) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference. |
d) | Fourth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated August 28, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.d) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference. |
e) | Fifth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, dated December 18, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.e) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement of VIT (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference. |
f) | Sixth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated June 10, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to the Registration Statement of VOT (File No. 033-65137) on June 10, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. |
g) | Seventh Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated December 18, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.g) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to the Registration Statement of VOT (File No. 033-65137) on January 27, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
h) | Joinder Agreement and Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (“VVIT”), VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon dated February 24, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.h) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
i) | Amended Exhibit B to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, VVIT, VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated November 17, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on January 22, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
j) | *Amended Exhibit B to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, VVIT, VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, effective May 28, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.j) herewith. |
5. | *Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement between Registrant and VAIA, effective May 28, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.5) herewith. |
6. | Form of Indemnification Agreement with each trustee of Registrant, effective as of December 5, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.6) with Post-effective Amendment No. 7 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on November 19, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(i) | Legal Opinion |
1. | *Opinion of Counsel as to legality of the shares filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit i.1) herewith. |
2. | *Consent of Sullivan & Worcester LLP filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit i.2) herewith. |
(j) | Other Opinions |
1. | *Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit j) herewith. |
(k) | Not applicable. |
(l) | Not applicable. |
(m) | Rule 12b-1 Plans. |
1. | Class A Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to |
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the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Amendment No. 1 to Class A Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.1.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Amendment No. 2 to Class A Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.1.b) with Post-effective Amendment No. 16 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on May 29, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
c) | *Amendment No. 3 to Class A Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.1.c) herewith. |
2. | Class C Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.2) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333- 191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Amendment No. 1 to Class C Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.2.a) with Post-effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Amendment No. 2 to Class C Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.2.b) with Post-effective Amendment No. 16 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on May 29, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference . |
c) | *Amendment No. 3 to Class C Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.2.c) herewith. |
(n) | Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit n) with Post-effective Amendment No. 7 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on November 19, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
1. | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit n.1) with Post-effective Amendment No. 16 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on May 29, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | *Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit n.2) herewith. |
(o) | Reserved |
(p) | Code of Ethics |
1. | Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of the Registrant and other Virtus Funds dated March 25, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.1) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | *Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of VAIA, VP Distributors, Cliffwater, Newfleet and other Virtus Affiliates dated April 1, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.2) herewith. |
3. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Armored Wolf effective April 1, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.3) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
4. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Ascend dated March 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.4) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
5. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Brigade (as Exhibit p.5) effective September, 2014, to be filed by amendment. |
6. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Credit Suisse filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.6) with Post-effective Amendment No. 7 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on November 19, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
7. | Code of Ethics of subadviser GCM effective July 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.7) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
8. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Harvest dated August 9, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.8) with Pre-effective |
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Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
9. | Code of Ethics of subadviser ICE Canyon dated February 10, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.9) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
10. | Code of Ethics of subadviser LaSalle effective April 7, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.10) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on January 22, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
11. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Lazard dated September 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.11) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
12. | Code of Ethics of subadviser MAST filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.12) with Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
13. | Code of Ethics of subadviser Owl Creek dated March 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.13) with Post-effective Amendment No. 7 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on November 19, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
14. | *Code of Ethics of subadviser AIA dated March 28, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.14) herewith. |
(q) | Power of Attorney for all Trustees, dated February 10, 2014, filed via EDGAR with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement on February 10, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
*Filed Herewith |
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Item 29. Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with the Fund
None.
Item 30. Indemnification
The indemnification of Registrant’s principal underwriter against certain losses is provided for in Section 18 of the Underwriting Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit e.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on March 28, 2014. Indemnification of Registrant’s Custodian is provided for in section 9.9 of the Custody Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit g.1 of the Registration Statement filed on March 28, 2014. The indemnification of Registrant’s Transfer Agent is provided for, in Article 6 of the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit h.1 of the Registration Statement filed on March 28, 2014. The Trust has entered into Indemnification Agreements with each trustee effective as of December 5, 2013, the form of which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit h.6 to Registration Statement filed on November 19, 2014, whereby the Registrant shall indemnify the trustee for expenses incurred in any proceeding in connection with the trustee’s service to the Registrant subject to certain limited exceptions.
In addition, Article VII sections 2 and 3 of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit a.1 of the Registration Statement filed on March 28, 2014, provides in relevant part as follows:
“A Trustee, when acting in such capacity, shall not be personally liable to any Person, other than the Trust or a Shareholder to the extent provided in this Article VII, for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust, of such Trustee or of any other Trustee. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, Manager or Principal Underwriter of the Trust. The Trust (i) may indemnify an agent of the Trust or any Person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as an agent of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise and (ii) shall indemnify each Person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust and any Person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as a director, officer, trustee, or employee of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise, in the case of (i) and (ii), to the fullest extent consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and in the manner provided in the By-Laws; provided that such indemnification shall not be available to any of the foregoing Persons in connection with a claim, suit or other proceeding by any such Person against the Trust or a Series (or Class) thereof.
All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust or the Trustees shall look only to the assets of the appropriate Series (or Class thereof if the Trustees have included a Class limitation on liability in the agreement with such person as provided below), or, if the Trustees have yet to establish Series, of the Trust for payment under such credit, contract or claim; and neither the Trustees nor the Shareholders, nor any of the Trust’s officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees by any of them in connection with the Trust shall conclusively be deemed to have been executed or done only in or with respect to his or their capacity as Trustee or Trustees, and such Trustee or Trustees shall not be personally liable thereon. …
… A Trustee shall be liable to the Trust and to any Shareholder solely for her or his own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust, and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice nor for failing to follow such advice.”
In addition, Article III section 7 of such Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides for the indemnification of shareholders of the Registrant as follows: “If any Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be exposed to liability by reason of a claim or demand relating to such Person being or having been a Shareholder, and not because of such Person's acts or omissions, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or such Person's heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled to be held harmless from and indemnified out of the assets of the Trust against all cost and expense reasonably incurred in connection with such claim or demand, but only out of the assets held with respect to the particular Series of Shares of which such Person is or was a Shareholder and from or in relation to which such liability arose. The Trust may, at its option and shall, upon request by the Shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against the Shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets held with respect to the particular series.”
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Article VIII Section 2 of the Registrant’s Bylaws incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit b.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on March 28, 2014, provides in relevant part, subject to certain exceptions and limitations, “every agent shall be indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against all liabilities and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any proceeding in which he or she becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been an agent.” Such indemnification would not apply in the case of any liability to which the Registrant would otherwise be subject by reason of or for willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of such person’s duties.
The Investment Advisory Agreement, Subadvisory Agreements, Foreign Custody Manager Agreement, Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement and Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement, as amended, respectively provide that the Registrant will indemnify the other party (or parties, as the case may be) to the agreement for certain losses. Similar indemnities to those listed above may appear in other agreements to which the Registrant is a party.
The Registrant, in conjunction with VAIA, the Registrant’s Trustees, and other registered investment management companies managed by VAIA or its affiliates, maintains insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee, or agent of the Registrant, or who is or was serving at the request of the Registrant as a trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of another trust or corporation, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by him or arising out of his position. However, in no event will Registrant maintain insurance to indemnify any such person for any act for which the Registrant itself is not permitted to indemnify him.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser and Subadvisers
See “Management of the Funds” in the Prospectus and “Investment Advisory and Other Services” and “Management of the Trust” in the Statement of Additional Information which is included in this Post-Effective Amendment. For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature of directors and officers of the Adviser and Subadvisers, reference is made to the Adviser’s and Subadviser’s current Form ADV filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and incorporated herein by reference.
Adviser | SEC File No.: |
VAIA | 801-67924 |
AIA | 801-76637 |
Armored Wolf |
801-70152 |
Ascend | 801-65340 |
Brigade | 801-69965 |
Credit Suisse | 801-37170 |
GCM | 801-73422 |
Harvest | 801-71791 |
ICE Canyon | 801-68298 |
LaSalle | 801-48201 |
Lazard | 801-61701 |
MAST | 801-63090 |
Newfleet | 801-51559 |
Owl Creek | 801-66113 |
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Item 32. Principal Underwriter
(a) | VP Distributors, LLC serves as the principal underwriter for the following registrants: Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, Virtus Equity Trust, Virtus Insight Trust, Virtus Opportunities Trust and Virtus Variable Insurance Trust. |
(b) | Directors and executive officers of VP Distributors, 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103, are as follows: |
Name and Principal
|
Positions and Offices with Distributor
|
Positions and Offices with Registrant
|
||
George R. Aylward | Executive Vice President |
President and Trustee
|
||
Kevin J. Carr | Vice President, Counsel and Secretary |
Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary
|
||
Nancy J. Engberg | Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer
|
||
David Hanley | Vice President and Treasurer |
None
|
||
Barry Mandinach | President |
None
|
||
David C. Martin | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer |
None
|
||
Francis G. Waltman | Executive Vice President | Executive Vice President |
(c) | Not applicable. |
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records
Persons maintaining physical possession of accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules promulgated thereunder include:
Secretary of the Trust: | Principal Underwriter: | |
Jennifer Fromm, Esq. 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103 |
VP Distributors, LLC. 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103
|
|
Administrator and Transfer Agent: | Custodian: | |
Virtus Fund Services, LLC 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103
|
The Bank of New York Mellon One Wall Street New York, NY 10286 |
|
Fund Accountant, Sub-Administrator, Sub-Transfer Agent and Dividend Dispersing Agent: | Investment Adviser: | |
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. 301 Bellevue Parkway Wilmington, DE 19809 |
Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc. 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103
|
|
Subadviser to Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Total Solution Fund: | |
Armored Wolf, LLC 18111 Van Karman Avenue, Suite 525 Irvine, CA 92612
|
Ascend Capital LLC 4 Orinda Way, Suite 200 C Orinda, CA 94563 and 50 California Street, Suite 430 San Francisco, CA 94111 |
|
Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund, | Subadviser to Alternative Inflation Solution Fund |
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Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund: | ||
Brigade Capital Management, LLC 399 Park Avenue, 16th Floor New York, NY 10022
|
Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC One Madison Avenue New York, NY 10010
|
|
Subadviser to Alternative Total Solution Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | |
Graham Capital Management, L.P. 40 Highland Avenue Rowayton, CT 06853
|
Harvest Fund Advisors LLC 100 West Lancaster Avenue, 2nd Floor Wayne, PA 19087
|
|
Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | |
ICE Canyon LLC 2000 Avenue of the Stars, 11th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90067 |
LaSalle Investment Management Securities, LLC 100 East Pratt Street Baltimore, MD 21202
|
|
Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund, Alternative Inflation Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Income Solution Fund and Alternative Total Solution Fund: | |
Lazard Asset Management LLC 30 Rockefeller Plaza, 55th Floor New York, NY 10112
|
MAST Capital Management, LLC 200 Clarendon Street, 51st Floor Boston, MA 02116
|
|
Subadviser to Strategic Income Fund and Credit Opportunities Fund: | Subadviser to Alternative Total Solution Fund: | |
Newfleet Asset Management, LLC 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103
|
Owl Creek Asset Management, L.P. 640 Fifth Avenue, 20th Floor New York, NY 10019
|
|
Subadviser to Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund | ||
Aviva Investors Americas LLC 225 West Wacker Drive Suite 1750 Chicago, IL 60606 |
Item 34. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 35. Undertakings
Not applicable.
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PART C – OTHER INFORMATION
Exhibit List
d.1.b | Second Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and VAIA effective April 29, 2015 |
d.1.c | Third Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and VAIA effective June 4, 2015 |
d.19 | Subadvisory Agreement between VAIA and Newfleet with respect to Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund |
h.2.d | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon effective May 28, 2015 |
h.3.c | Third Amendment to Administration Agreement between the Registrant and Virtus Fund Services effective June 4, 2015 |
h.4.j | Amended Exhibit B to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among the Registrant, VET, VIT, VOT, VVIT, VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, effective May 28, 2015 |
h.5 | Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement between Registrant and VAIA, effective May 28, 2015 |
i.1 | Opinion of Counsel as to legality of the shares |
i.2 | Consent of Sullivan & Worcester LLP |
j | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
m.1.c | Amendment No. 3 to Class A Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act |
m.2.c | Amendment No. 3 to Class C Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act |
n.2 | Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act |
p.2 | Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of VAIA, VP Distributors, Cliffwater, Newfleet and other Virtus Affiliates dated April 1, 2015 |
p.14 | Code of Ethics of subadviser AIA dated March 28, 2015 |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this registration statement under rule 485(b) of the Securities Act and has duly caused this amendment to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Hartford and the State of Connecticut on the 5 th day of June, 2015.
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST | |
By: | /s/ George R. Aylward |
George R. Aylward | |
President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this amendment to the registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on the 5 th day of June, 2015.
Signature | Title | |
/s/ George R. Aylward | ||
George R. Aylward | Trustee and President (principal executive officer) | |
* | ||
Thomas F. Mann | Trustee | |
* | ||
Philip R. McLoughlin | Trustee and Chairman | |
* | ||
William R. Moyer | Trustee | |
* | ||
James M. Oates | Trustee | |
/s/ W. Patrick Bradley | ||
W. Patrick Bradley |
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(principal financial and accounting officer) |
* Signed pursuant to Power of Attorney
VATS Offshore Fund, Ltd. has duly caused this amendment to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Hartford and the State of Connecticut on the 5 th day of June, 2015.
VATS OFFSHORE FUND, LTD. | |
By: | /s/ George R. Aylward |
George R. Aylward | |
President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this amendment to the registration statement has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of VATS Offshore Fund, Ltd. in the capacities indicated on the 5 th day of June, 2015.
Signature |
Title |
|||
/s/ George R. Aylward |
||||
George R. Aylward | President (principal executive officer) | |||
/s/ Francis G. Waltman |
||||
Francis G. Waltman | Sole Director | |||
/s/ W. Patrick Bradley |
||||
W. Patrick Bradley |
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial and accounting officer) |
Exhibit 99.(d).1.b
SECOND AMENDMENT
TO INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDMENT effective as of the 29 th day of April, 2015 amends that certain Investment Advisory Agreement dated as of February 19, 2014, as amended (the “Agreement”), by and between Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), and Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc., a Connecticut corporation (the “Adviser”), as follows:
(a) | The Trust shall pay a monthly fee calculated at an annual rate as specified in Schedule A. For those Series listed on Schedule A as having their fees based upon “net assets,” the amounts payable to the Adviser with respect to each such Series shall be based upon the average of the values of the net assets of the applicable Series as of the close of business each day, computed in accordance with the Trust’s Declaration of Trust. For those Series listed on Schedule A as having their fees based upon “managed assets,” the amounts payable to the Adviser with respect to each such Series shall be based upon the average of the values of the managed assets of the applicable Series as of the close of business each day excluding the assets of any wholly-owned subsidiaries of such Series, computed in accordance with the Trust’s Declaration of Trust. For this purpose, “managed assets” means the total assets of the applicable Series, including any assets attributable to borrowings, minus such Series’ accrued liabilities other than such borrowings. |
[signature page follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto intending to be legally bound have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers or other representatives.
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
By: /s/ W. Patrick Bradley
Name: W. Patrick Bradley
Title: Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC.
By: /s/ Francis G. Waltman
Name: Francis G. Waltman
Title: Executive Vice President
SCHEDULE A
Series | Annual Investment Advisory Fee | Based upon | |
1 st $5 Billion | $5+ Billon | ||
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund | 1.80% | 1.75% | “managed assets” |
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund | 1.75% | 1.70% | “managed assets” |
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund | 1.95% | 1.90% | “managed assets” |
Virtus Strategic Income Fund | 0.80% | 0.75% | “managed assets” |
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund | 1.30% | 1.25% | “net assets” |
Exhibit 99.(d).1.c
THIRD AMENDMENT
TO INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDMENT effective as of the 4th day of June, 2015 amends that certain Investment Advisory Agreement dated as of February 19, 2014, as amended (the “Agreement”), by and between Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), and Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc., a Connecticut corporation (the “Adviser”), as follows:
[signature page follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto intending to be legally bound have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers or other representatives.
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
By: /s/ W. Patrick Bradley
Name: W. Patrick Bradley
Title: Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC.
By: /s/ Francis G. Waltman
Name: Francis G. Waltman
Title: Executive Vice President
SCHEDULE A
Series | Annual Investment Advisory Fee | Based upon |
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund | 0.75% | “managed assets” |
Series | Annual Investment Advisory Fee | Based upon | |
1 st $5 Billion | $5+ Billon | ||
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund | 1.80% | 1.75% | “managed assets” |
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund | 1.75% | 1.70% | “managed assets” |
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund | 1.95% | 1.90% | “managed assets” |
Virtus Strategic Income Fund | 0.80% | 0.75% | “managed assets” |
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund | 1.30% | 1.25% | “net assets” |
Exhibit 99.(d).19
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT
June 4, 2015
Newfleet Asset Management, LLC
100 Pearl Street, 9th Floor
Hartford, CT 06103
RE: Subadvisory Agreement
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (the “Trust”) is an open-end investment company of the series type registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”), and is subject to the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The shares of the Trust are offered or may be offered in several series, including Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund (sometimes hereafter referred to as the “Series”).
Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc. (the “Adviser”) evaluates and recommends series advisers for the Series and is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Series.
1. | Employment as a Subadviser . The Adviser, being duly authorized, hereby employs Newfleet Asset Management, LLC (the “Subadviser”) as a discretionary series adviser to invest and reinvest that discrete portion of the assets of the Series designated by the Adviser as set forth on Schedule F attached hereto (the “Designated Series”) on the terms and conditions set forth herein. The services of the Subadviser hereunder are not to be deemed exclusive; the Subadviser may render services to others and engage in other activities that do not conflict in any material manner with the Subadviser’s performance hereunder. |
2. | Acceptance of Employment; Standard of Performance . The Subadviser accepts its employment as a discretionary series adviser of the Designated Series and agrees, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) and the Adviser, to use its best professional judgment to make investment decisions for the Designated Series in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and as set forth in Schedule D attached hereto and made a part hereof. The Subadviser shall for all purposes herein be deemed to be an independent contractor and shall, except as expressly provided or authorized (whether herein or otherwise), have no authority or obligation to act for or represent the Adviser, the Trust or the Series in any way. |
3. | Services of Subadviser . In providing management services to the Designated Series, the Subadviser shall be subject to the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of the Trust as they apply to the Designated Series and as set forth in the Trust’s then current prospectus (“Prospectus”) and statement of additional information (“Statement of Additional Information”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as part of the Trust’s registration statement (the “Registration Statement”), as may be periodically amended and provided to the Subadviser by the Adviser, and to the investment restrictions set forth in the Act and the Rules thereunder, to the supervision and control of the Board, and to instructions from the Adviser. The Subadviser shall not, without the Trust’s prior written approval, effect any transactions that would cause the Designated Series at the time of the transaction to be out of compliance with any of such restrictions or policies. |
4. | Transaction Procedures . All series transactions for the Designated Series shall be consummated by payment to, or delivery by, the custodian(s) from time to time designated by the Trust (the “Custodian”), or such depositories or agents as may be designated by the Custodian in writing, of all cash and/or securities due to or from the Series. The Subadviser shall not have possession or custody of such cash and/or securities or any |
responsibility or liability with respect to such custody. The Subadviser shall advise the Custodian and confirm in writing to the Trust all investment orders for the Designated Series placed by it with brokers and dealers at the time and in the manner set forth in Schedule A hereto (as amended from time to time). The Trust shall issue to the Custodian such instructions as may be appropriate in connection with the settlement of any transaction initiated by the Subadviser. The Trust shall be responsible for all custodial arrangements and the payment of all custodial charges and fees, and, upon giving proper instructions to the Custodian, the Subadviser shall have no responsibility or liability with respect to custodial arrangements or the acts, omissions or other conduct of the Custodian. |
5. | Allocation of Brokerage . The Subadviser shall have authority and discretion to select brokers and dealers to execute Designated Series transactions initiated by the Subadviser, and to select the markets on or in which the transactions will be executed. |
A. | In placing orders for the sale and purchase of Designated Series securities for the Trust, the Subadviser’s primary responsibility shall be to seek the best execution of orders at the most favorable prices. However, this responsibility shall not obligate the Subadviser to solicit competitive bids for each transaction or to seek the lowest available commission cost to the Trust, as long as the Subadviser reasonably believes that the broker or dealer selected by it can be expected to obtain a “best execution” market price on the particular transaction and determines in good faith that the commission cost is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services (as defined in Section 28(e)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) provided by such broker or dealer to the Subadviser, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or of the Subadviser’s overall responsibilities with respect to its clients, including the Trust, as to which the Subadviser exercises investment discretion, notwithstanding that the Trust may not be the direct or exclusive beneficiary of any such services or that another broker may be willing to charge the Trust a lower commission on the particular transaction. |
B. | The Subadviser may manage other portfolios and expects that the Trust and other portfolios the Subadviser manages will, from time to time, purchase or sell the same securities. The Subadviser may aggregate orders for the purchase or sale of securities on behalf of the Designated Series with orders on behalf of other portfolios the Subadviser manages. Securities purchased or proceeds of securities sold through aggregated orders, as well as expenses incurred in the transaction, shall be allocated to the account of each portfolio managed by the Subadviser that bought or sold such securities in a manner considered by the Subadviser to be equitable and consistent with the Subadviser’s fiduciary obligations in respect of the Designated Series and to such other accounts. |
C. | The Subadviser shall not execute any transactions for the Designated Series with a broker or dealer that is an “affiliated person” (as defined in the Act) of (i) the Series; (ii) another series of the Trust; (iii) the Adviser; (iv) the Subadviser or any other subadviser to the Series; (v) a principal underwriter of the Trust’s shares; or (vi) any other affiliated person of the Series, in each case, unless such transactions are permitted by applicable law or regulation and carried out in compliance with any applicable policies and procedures of the Trust. The Trust shall provide the Subadviser with a list of brokers and dealers that are “affiliated persons” of the Trust, the Adviser or the principal underwriter, and applicable policies and procedures. Upon the request of the Adviser, the Subadviser shall promptly, and in any event within three business days of a request, indicate whether any entity identified by the Adviser in such request is an “affiliated person,” as such term is defined in the Act, of (i) the Subadviser or (ii) any affiliated person of the Subadviser, subject in each case to any confidentiality requirements applicable to the Subadviser and/or its affiliates. Further, the Subadviser shall provide the Adviser with a list of (x) each broker-dealer entity that is an “affiliated person,” as such term is defined in the Act, of the Subadviser and (y) each affiliated person of the Subadviser that has outstanding publicly-issued debt or equity. Each of the Adviser and the Subadviser agrees promptly to update such list(s) whenever the Adviser or the Subadviser becomes aware of any changes that should be added to or deleted from such list of affiliated persons. |
D. | Consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Trust in respect of the Designated Series and the requirements of best price and execution, the Subadviser may, under certain circumstances, arrange to have purchase and sale transactions effected directly between the Designated Series and another account |
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managed by the Subadviser (“cross transactions”), provided that such transactions are carried out in accordance with applicable law or regulation and any applicable policies and procedures of the Trust. The Trust shall provide the Subadviser with applicable policies and procedures. |
6. | Proxies and Other Shareholder Actions . |
A. | Unless the Adviser or the Trust gives the Subadviser written instructions to the contrary, the Subadviser, or a third party designee acting under the authority and supervision of the Subadviser, shall review all proxy solicitation materials and be responsible for voting and handling all proxies in relation to the assets of the Designated Series. Unless the Adviser or the Trust gives the Subadviser written instructions to the contrary, provided that the Adviser has reviewed the Subadviser’s proxy voting procedures then in effect and determined them to comply with the requirements of the Trust’s proxy voting policy, the Subadviser will, in compliance with the Subadviser’s proxy voting procedures then in effect, vote or abstain from voting, all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which assets of the Designated Series may be invested. The Adviser shall cause the Custodian, the Administrator or another party, to forward promptly to the Subadviser all proxies upon receipt, so as to afford the Subadviser a reasonable amount of time in which to determine how to vote such proxies. The Subadviser agrees to provide the Adviser in a timely manner with any changes to the Subadviser’s proxy voting procedures. The Subadviser further agrees to provide the Adviser in a timely manner with a record of votes cast containing all of the voting information required by Form N-PX in an electronic format to enable the Trust to file Form N-PX as required by Rule 30b1-4 under the Act. The Subadviser shall provide disclosure regarding its proxy voting policies and procedures in accordance with the requirements of Form N-1A for inclusion in the Registration Statement of the Trust. During any annual period in which the Subadviser has voted proxies for the Trust, the Subadviser shall, as may reasonably be requested by the Adviser, certify as to its compliance with its proxy voting policies and procedures and applicable federal statutes and regulations. |
B. | The Subadviser is authorized to deal with reorganizations, exchange offers and other voluntary corporate actions with respect to securities held in the Designated Series in such manner as the Subadviser deems advisable, unless the Trust or the Adviser otherwise specifically directs in writing. It is acknowledged and agreed that the Subadviser shall not be responsible for the filing of claims (or otherwise causing the Trust to participate) in class action settlements or similar proceedings in which shareholders may participate related to securities currently or previously associated with the Designated Series. With the Adviser’s approval, on a case-by-case basis the Subadviser may obtain the authority and take on the responsibility to: (i) identify, evaluate and pursue legal claims, including commencing or defending suits, affecting the securities held at any time in the Designated Series, including claims in bankruptcy, class action securities litigation and other litigation; (ii) participate in such litigation or related proceedings with respect to such securities as the Subadviser deems appropriate to preserve or enhance the value of the Designated Series, including filing proofs of claim and related documents and serving as “lead plaintiff” in class action lawsuits; (iii) exercise generally any of the powers of an owner with respect to the supervision and management of such rights or claims, including the settlement, compromise or submission to arbitration of any claims, the exercise of which the Subadviser deems to be in the best interest of the Designated Series or required by applicable law, including ERISA, and (iv) employ suitable agents, including legal counsel, and to pay their reasonable fees, expenses and related costs from the Designated Series. |
7. | Prohibited Conduct . In accordance with Rule 12d3-1 and Rule 17a-10 under the 1940 Act and any other applicable law or regulation, the Subadviser’s responsibility regarding investment advice hereunder is limited to the Designated Series, and the Subadviser will not consult with any other investment advisory firm that provides investment advisory services to the Trust or any other investment company sponsored by Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. or its affiliates regarding transactions in securities or other assets for the Trust. The Trust shall provide the Subadviser with a list of investment companies sponsored by Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and its affiliates, and the Subadviser shall be in breach of the foregoing provision only if the investment company is included in such a list provided to the Subadviser prior to such prohibited action. In addition, the Subadviser shall not, without the prior written consent of the Trust and the Adviser, delegate any obligation assumed pursuant to this Agreement to any affiliated or unaffiliated third party. The parties acknowledge and agree that the Subadviser may, in its discretion, utilize personnel employed by affiliates of |
3
the Subadviser to perform services pursuant to this Agreement by way of a “participating affiliate” agreement in accordance with, and to the extent permitted by, the Act and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), including the published interpretations thereof by the SEC or its staff. Such participating affiliate agreement shall subject the personnel providing such services to the Subadviser’s compliance and other programs with respect to their activities on behalf of the Designated Series. For the avoidance of doubt, it is acknowledged and agreed that the Subadviser assumes full responsibility for all actions, and any failure to act, by each person utilized by the Subadviser to perform services under this Agreement. |
8. | Information and Reports . |
A. | The Subadviser shall keep the Trust and the Adviser informed of developments relating to its duties as Subadviser of which the Subadviser has, or should have, knowledge that would materially affect the Designated Series. In this regard, the Subadviser shall provide the Trust, the Adviser and their respective officers with such periodic reports concerning the obligations the Subadviser has assumed under this Agreement as the Trust and the Adviser may from time to time reasonably request. In addition, prior to each meeting of the Board, the Subadviser shall provide the Adviser and the Board with reports regarding the Subadviser’s management of the Designated Series during the most recently completed quarter, which reports: (i) shall include Subadviser’s representation that its performance of its investment management duties hereunder is in compliance with the Designated Series’ investment objectives and practices, the Act and applicable rules and regulations under the Act, and the diversification and minimum “good income” requirements of Subchapter M under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and (ii) otherwise shall be in such form as may be mutually agreed upon by the Subadviser and the Adviser. |
B. | Each of the Adviser and the Subadviser shall provide the other party with a list, to the best of the Adviser’s or the Subadviser’s respective knowledge, of each affiliated person (and any affiliated person of such an affiliated person) of the Adviser or the Subadviser, as the case may be, and each of the Adviser and Subadviser agrees promptly to update such list whenever the Adviser or the Subadviser becomes aware of any changes that should be added to or deleted from the list of affiliated persons. |
C. | The Subadviser shall also provide the Adviser with any information reasonably requested by the Adviser regarding its management of the Designated Series required for any shareholder report, amended Registration Statement, or Prospectus supplement to be filed by the Trust with the SEC. |
9. | Fees for Services . The compensation of the Subadviser for its services under this Agreement shall be calculated and paid by the Adviser in accordance with the attached Schedule C. Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust and the Adviser, the Adviser is solely responsible for the payment of fees to the Subadviser. |
10. | Limitation of Liability . Absent the Subadviser’s breach of this Agreement or the willful misconduct, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the obligations or duties hereunder on the part of the Subadviser, or its officers, directors, partners, agents, employees and controlling persons, the Subadviser shall not be liable for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any position; provided, however, that the Subadviser shall be responsible for, and shall indemnify and hold the Trust and the Adviser and each of their respective directors or trustees, members, officers, employees and shareholders, and each person, if any, who controls the Trust or the Adviser within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), harmless against, any and all Losses (as defined below) arising out of or resulting from a “Trade Error” (as defined in the compliance policies and procedures of the Trust and/or the Subadviser), as the same may be amended from time to time) caused by the negligent action or negligent omission of the Subadviser or its agent. The Adviser agrees to provide prior written notice to the Subadviser of any material changes to the definition of Trade Error becoming effective with respect to the Designated Series unless, in the reasonable discretion of the Adviser, such change must become effective earlier due to any applicable law, rule, regulation or court order. It is acknowledged and agreed that any Trade Error that |
4
results in a gain to the Series shall inure to the benefit of the Series. For the avoidance of doubt, it is acknowledged and agreed that the Series is a third party beneficiary of the indemnity granted in this Section 10, and the indemnity is intended to cover claims by the Series, the Trust (on behalf of the Series), or the Adviser against the Subadviser for recovery pursuant to this section. |
11. | Confidentiality . Subject to the duty of the Subadviser and the Trust to comply with applicable law, including any demand of any regulatory or taxing authority having jurisdiction, the parties hereto shall treat as confidential all information pertaining to the Designated Series and the actions of the Subadviser and the Trust in respect thereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust and the Adviser agree that the Subadviser may (i) disclose in marketing materials and similar communications that the Subadviser has been engaged to manage assets of the Designated Series pursuant to this Agreement, and (ii) include performance statistics regarding the Designated Series in composite performance statistics regarding one or more groups of Subadviser's clients published or included in any of the foregoing communications, provided that the Subadviser does not identify any performance statistics as relating specifically to the Series. |
12. | Assignment . This Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(4) of the Act. The Subadviser shall notify the Trust and the Adviser in writing sufficiently in advance of any proposed change of control, as defined in Section 2(a)(9) of the Act, as will enable the Trust to consider whether an assignment as defined in Section 2(a)(4) of the Act will occur, and to take the steps necessary to enter into a new contract with the Subadviser. |
13. | Representations, Warranties and Agreements of the Subadviser . The Subadviser represents, warrants and agrees that: |
A. | It is duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, and is qualified to do business in each jurisdiction in which failure to be so qualified would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect upon it. It (i) is registered as an “investment adviser” under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”) and will continue to be so registered for so long as this Agreement remains in effect; (ii) is not prohibited by the Act or the Advisers Act from performing the services contemplated by this Agreement; provided, however, that the Subadviser makes no representation or warranty with regard to the approval of this Agreement by the Board under Section 15 of the Act; (iii) has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer under Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act; (iv) has adopted written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to prevent violations of the Advisers Act from occurring, and correct promptly any violations that have occurred, and will provide notice promptly to the Adviser of any material violations relating to the Trust; (v) has materially met and will seek to continue to meet for so long as this Agreement remains in effect, any other applicable federal or state requirements, or the applicable requirements of any regulatory or industry self-regulatory agency. |
B. | It is either registered as a commodity trading advisor or duly exempt from such registration with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), and it will maintain such registration or exemption continuously during the term of this Agreement or, alternatively, will become a commodity trading advisor duly registered with the CFTC and will be a member in good standing with the National Futures Association. |
C. | It will maintain, keep current and preserve on behalf of the Trust, records in the manner required or permitted by the Act and the Rules thereunder including the records identified in Schedule B (as Schedule B may be amended from time to time). The Subadviser agrees that such records are the property of the Trust, and shall be surrendered to the Trust or to the Adviser as agent of the Trust promptly upon request of either. The Trust acknowledges that the Subadviser may retain copies of all records required to meet the record retention requirements imposed by law and regulation. |
D. | It shall maintain a written code of ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) complying with the requirements of Rule |
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204A-1 under the Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 under the Act and shall provide the Trust and the Adviser with a copy of the Code of Ethics and evidence of its adoption. It shall institute procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons (as defined in Rule 17j-1) from violating its Code of Ethics. The Subadviser acknowledges receipt of the written code of ethics adopted by and on behalf of the Trust. Each calendar quarter while this Agreement is in effect, a duly authorized compliance officer of the Subadviser shall certify to the Trust and to the Adviser that the Subadviser has complied with the requirements of Rules 204A-1 and 17j-1 during the previous calendar quarter and that there has been no material violation of its Code of Ethics, or of Rule 17j-1(b), or that any persons covered under its Code of Ethics has divulged or acted upon any material, non-public information, as such term is defined under relevant securities laws, and if such a violation of the code of ethics of the Trust has occurred, or if such a violation of its Code of Ethics has occurred, that appropriate action was taken in response to such violation. The Subadviser shall notify the Adviser promptly of any material violation of the Code of Ethics involving the Trust. The Subadviser will provide such additional information regarding violations of the Code of Ethics directly affecting the Trust as the Trust or its Chief Compliance Officer on behalf of the Trust or the Adviser may reasonably request in order to assess the functioning of the Code of Ethics or any harm caused to the Trust from a violation of the Code of Ethics. Further, the Subadviser represents that it has policies and procedures regarding the detection and prevention of the misuse of material, nonpublic information by the Subadviser and its employees. The Subadviser will explain what it has done to seek to ensure such compliance in the future. Annually, the Subadviser shall furnish to the Trust and the Adviser a written report which complies with the requirements of Rule 17j-1 concerning the Subadviser’s Code of Ethics. The Subadviser shall permit the Trust and the Adviser to examine the reports required to be made by the Subadviser under Rules 204A-1(b) and 17j-1(d)(1) and this subparagraph. |
E. | It has adopted and implemented, and throughout the term of this Agreement shall maintain in effect and implement, policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent, detect and correct violations by the Subadviser and its supervised persons, and, to the extent the activities of the Subadviser in respect of the Trust could affect the Trust, by the Trust, of “federal securities laws” (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the Act), and that the Subadviser has provided the Trust with true and complete copies of its policies and procedures (or summaries thereof) and related information reasonably requested by the Trust and/or the Adviser. The Subadviser agrees to cooperate with periodic reviews by the Trust’s and/or the Adviser’s compliance personnel of the Subadviser’s policies and procedures, their operation and implementation and other compliance matters and to provide to the Trust and/or the Adviser from time to time such additional information and certifications in respect of the Subadviser’s policies and procedures, compliance by the Subadviser with federal securities laws and related matters as the Trust’s and/or the Adviser’s compliance personnel may reasonably request. The Subadviser agrees to promptly notify the Adviser of any compliance violations which affect the Designated Series. |
F. | The Subadviser will immediately notify the Trust and the Adviser of the occurrence of any event which would disqualify the Subadviser from serving as an investment adviser of an investment company pursuant to Section 9 of the Act or otherwise. The Subadviser will also immediately notify the Trust and the Adviser if it is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, including but not limited to the SEC and the CFTC, involving the affairs of the Designated Series. |
G. | To the best of its knowledge, there are no material pending, threatened, or contemplated actions, suits, proceedings, or investigations before or by any court, governmental, administrative or self-regulatory body, board of trade, exchange, or arbitration panel to which it or any of its directors, officers, employees, partners, shareholders, members or principals, or any of its affiliates is a party or to which it or its affiliates or any of its or its affiliates’ assets are subject, nor has it or any of its affiliates received any notice of an investigation, inquiry, or dispute by any court, governmental, administrative, or self-regulatory body, board of trade, exchange, or arbitration panel regarding any of its or their activities, which might reasonably be expected to result in (i) a material adverse effect on the Trust or (ii) a |
6
material adverse change in the Subadviser’s condition (financial or otherwise) or business, or which might reasonably be expected to materially impair the Subadviser’s ability to discharge its obligations under this Agreement. The Subadviser will also immediately notify the Trust and the Adviser if the representation in this Section 13.G is no longer accurate. |
H. | The Subadviser shall promptly notify the Adviser of any changes in its executive officers, partners or in its key personnel, including, without limitation, any change in the portfolio manager(s) responsible for the Designated Series or if there is an actual or expected change in control or management of the Subadviser. |
14. | No Personal Liability . Reference is hereby made to the Declaration of Trust establishing the Trust, a copy of which has been filed with the SEC, and to any and all amendments thereto so filed or hereafter filed. The name “Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust” refers to the Board under said Declaration of Trust, as trustees and not personally, and no trustee, shareholder, officer, agent or employee of the Trust shall be held to any personal liability in connection with the affairs of the Trust; only the trust estate under said Declaration of Trust is liable. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, neither the Subadviser nor any of its officers, directors, partners, shareholders or employees shall, under any circumstances, have recourse or cause or willingly permit recourse to be had directly or indirectly to any personal, statutory, or other liability of any shareholder, Trustee, officer, agent or employee of the Trust or of any successor of the Trust, whether such liability now exists or is hereafter incurred for claims against the trust estate. |
15. | Entire Agreement; Amendment . This Agreement, together with the Schedules attached hereto, constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes any prior written or oral agreements pertaining to the subject matter of this Agreement. This Agreement may be amended at any time, but only by written agreement among the Subadviser, the Adviser and the Trust, which amendment, other than amendments to Schedules A, B, D, E and F, is subject to the approval of the Board (including those trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust) and, if required by the Act or applicable SEC rules and regulations, a vote of a majority of the Series’ outstanding voting securities; provided, however, that, notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be amended or terminated in accordance with any exemptive order issued to the Adviser, the Trust or its affiliates. |
16. | Effective Date; Term . This Agreement shall become effective on the date set forth on the first page of this Agreement, and shall continue in effect until December 31, 2016. The Agreement shall continue from year to year thereafter only so long as its continuance has been specifically approved at least annually (i) by a vote of the Board of the Trust or by vote of a majority of outstanding voting securities of the Trust and (ii) by vote of a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust (as defined in the Act) or of any person party to this Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of such approval. |
17. | Termination . This Agreement may be terminated at any time without payment of any penalty (i) by the Board, or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, upon 60 days’ prior written notice to the Adviser and the Subadviser, (ii) by the Subadviser upon 60 days’ prior written notice to the Adviser and the Trust, or (iii) by the Adviser upon 60 days’ written notice to the Subadviser. This Agreement may also be terminated, without the payment of any penalty, by the Adviser or the Board immediately (i) upon the material breach by the Subadviser of this Agreement or (ii) at the terminating party’s discretion, if the Subadviser or any officer, director or key portfolio manager of the Subadviser is accused in any regulatory, self-regulatory or judicial investigation or proceeding as having violated the federal securities laws or engaged in criminal conduct. This Agreement may also be terminated, without the payment of any penalty, by the Subadviser immediately (i) upon the material breach by the Adviser of this Agreement or (ii) at the discretion of the Subadviser, if the Adviser or any officer or director of the Adviser is accused in any regulatory, self-regulatory or judicial investigation or proceeding as having violated the federal securities laws or engaged in criminal conduct. This Agreement shall terminate automatically and immediately upon termination of the Advisory Agreement. This Agreement shall terminate automatically and immediately in the event of its assignment, as such term is defined in and interpreted under the terms of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. |
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18. | Applicable Law . To the extent that state law is not preempted by the provisions of any law of the United States heretofore or hereafter enacted, as the same may be amended from time to time, this Agreement shall be administered, construed and enforced according to the laws of the State of Delaware applicable to contracts entered into and fully performed within the State of Delaware. |
19. | Severability . If any term or condition of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable to any extent or in any application, then the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby, and each and every term and condition of this Agreement shall be valid and enforced to the fullest extent permitted by law. |
20. | Notices. Any notice or other communication required to be given pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed duly given if delivered personally or by overnight delivery service or mailed by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested and postage prepaid, or sent by facsimile or e-mail transmission addressed to the parties at their respective addresses set forth below, or at such other address as shall be designated by any party in a written notice to the other party. |
(a) | To the Adviser or the Trust at: |
Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc. |
100 Pearl Street |
Hartford, Connecticut 06103 |
Attn: Jennifer Fromm |
Telephone: (860) 263-4790 |
Facsimile: (860) 241-1005 |
E-mail: jennifer.fromm@virtus.com |
(b) | To the Subadviser at: |
Newfleet Asset Management, LLC |
100 Pearl Street, 9 th Floor |
Hartford, CT 06103 |
Attn: Jennifer Fromm or Kevin J. Carr |
Telephone: (860) 263-4790 |
Facsimile: (860) 241-1005 |
E-mail: jennifer.fromm@virtus.com |
21. | Certifications. The Subadviser shall timely provide to the Adviser and the Trust, all information and documentation they may reasonably request as necessary or appropriate in order for the Adviser and the Board to oversee the activities of the Subadviser and in connection with the compliance by any of them with the requirements of this Agreement, the Registration Statement, the policies and procedures referenced herein, and any applicable law, including, without limitation, (i) information and commentary relating to the Subadviser or the Designated Series for the Trust’s annual and semi-annual reports, in a format reasonably approved by the Adviser, together with (A) a certification that such information and commentary discuss all of the factors that materially affected the performance of the Series with respect to the Allocated Portion, including the relevant market conditions and the investment techniques and strategies used and (B) additional certifications related to the Subadviser’s management of the Trust in order to support the Trust’s filings on Form N-CSR, Form N-Q and other applicable forms, and the Trust’s Principal Executive Officer’s and Principal Financial Officer’s certifications under Rule 30a-2 under the Act, thereon; (ii) within 5 business days of a quarter-end, a quarterly certification with respect to compliance and operational matters related to the Subadviser and the Subadviser’s management of the Designated Series (including, without limitation, compliance with the applicable procedures), in a format reasonably requested by the Adviser, as it may be amended from time to time; and (iii) an annual certification from the Subadviser’s Chief Compliance Officer, appointed under Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act with respect to the design and operation of the Subadviser’s compliance program, in a format reasonably |
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requested by the Adviser or the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, the Subadviser shall provide a quarterly certification in a form substantially similar to that attached as Schedule E. |
22. | Indemnification . |
A. | The Subadviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser from and against any and all claims, losses, liabilities, or damages (including reasonable attorney’s fees and other related expenses) (collectively, “Losses”) arising from the Subadviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its duties under this Agreement in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement; provided, however, that the Subadviser’s obligation under this Section 22 shall be reduced to the extent that the claim against, or the loss, liability, or damage experienced by the Adviser, is caused by or is otherwise directly related to (i) any breach by the Adviser of its representations or warranties made herein, (ii) any willful misconduct, bad faith, reckless disregard or negligence of the Adviser in the performance of any of its duties or obligations hereunder, or (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Trust or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Subadviser or the Trust, or the omission of such information, by the Adviser for use therein. |
B. | The Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Subadviser from and against any and all Losses arising from the Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its duties under this Agreement in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement; provided, however, that the Adviser’s obligation under this Section 22 shall be reduced to the extent that the claim against, or the loss, liability, or damage experienced by the Subadviser, is caused by or is otherwise directly related to (i) any breach by the Subadviser of its representations or warranties made herein, (ii) any willful misconduct, bad faith, reckless disregard or negligence of the Subadviser in the performance of any of its duties or obligations hereunder, or (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Trust or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Subadviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Adviser or the Trust, or the omission of such information, by the Subadviser for use therein. |
C. | A party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) will (i) provide prompt notice to the other of any claim (“Claim”) for which it intends to seek indemnification, (ii) grant control of the defense and /or settlement of the Claim to the other party, and (iii) cooperate with the other party in the defense thereof. The Indemnified Party will have the right at its own expense to participate in the defense of any Claim, but will not have the right to control the defense, consent to judgment or agree to the settlement of any Claim without the written consent of the other party. The party providing the indemnification will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter any settlement which (i) does not include, as an unconditional term, the release by the claimant of all liabilities for Claims against the Indemnified Party or (ii) which otherwise adversely affects the rights of the Indemnified Party. |
D. | No party will be liable to another party for consequential damages under any provision of this Agreement. |
23. | Receipt of Disclosure Documents . The Trust and the Adviser acknowledge receipt, at least 48 hours prior to entering into this Agreement, of a copy of Part 2 of the Subadviser’s Form ADV containing certain information concerning the Subadviser and the nature of its business. The Subadviser will, promptly after making any amendment to its Form ADV, furnish a copy of such amendment to the Adviser. On an annual basis and upon request, the Subadviser will provide a copy of its audited financial statements, including |
9
balance sheets, for the two most recent fiscal years and, if available, each subsequent fiscal quarter. At the time of providing such information, the Subadviser shall describe any material adverse change in its financial condition since the date of its latest financial statement. |
24. | Counterparts; Fax Signatures . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts (including executed counterparts delivered and exchanged by facsimile transmission) with the same effect as if all signing parties had originally signed the same document, and all counterparts shall be construed together and shall constitute the same instrument. For all purposes, signatures delivered and exchanged by facsimile transmission shall be binding and effective to the same extent as original signatures. |
25. | Bankruptcy and Related Events . Each of the Adviser and the Subadviser agrees that it will provide prompt notice to the other in the event that: (i) it makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, files a voluntary petition in bankruptcy, or is otherwise adjudged bankrupt or insolvent by a court of competent jurisdiction; or (ii) a material event occurs that could reasonably be expected to adversely impair its ability to perform this Agreement. The Adviser further agrees that it will provide prompt notice to the Subadviser in the event that the Trust ceases to be registered as an investment company under the Act. |
[signature page follows]
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VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST | ||
By: /s/ W. Patrick Bradley | ||
Name: W. Patrick Bradley | ||
Title: Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer | ||
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC. | ||
By: /s/ Francis G. Waltman | ||
Name: Francis G. Waltman | ||
Title: Executive Vice President |
ACCEPTED:
NEWFLEET ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC |
By: /s/ David L. Albrycht |
Name: David L. Albrycht |
Title: President and Chief Investment Officer |
SCHEDULES: | A. | Operational Procedures |
B. | Record Keeping Requirements | |
C. | Fee Schedule | |
D. | Subadviser Functions | |
E. | Form of Sub-Certification | |
F. | Designated Series |
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SCHEDULE A
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
In order to minimize operational problems, it will be necessary for a flow of information to be supplied by Subadviser to The Bank of New York Mellon (the "Custodian") and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., (the “Sub-Accounting Agent”) for the Trust.
The Subadviser must furnish the Custodian and the Sub-Accounting Agent with daily information as to executed trades, or, if no trades are executed, with a report to that effect, no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the day of the trade each day the Trust is open for business. When necessary, trade information for executed trades can be sent to the Sub-Accounting Agent on trade date +1 by 11:00 a.m. (Subadviser will be responsible for reimbursement to the Trust for any loss caused by the Subadviser’s failure to comply.) The necessary information can be sent via facsimile machine or electronic delivery to the Custodian and by facsimile machine or batch files to the Sub-Accounting Agent. Information provided to the Custodian and the Sub-Accounting Agent shall include the following:
1. Purchase or sale;
2. Security name;
3. CUSIP number, ISIN or Sedols (as applicable);
4. Number of shares and sales price per share or aggregate principal amount;
5. Executing broker;
6. Settlement agent;
7. Trade date;
8. Settlement date;
9. Aggregate commission or if a net trade;
10. Interest purchased or sold from interest bearing security;
11. Other fees;
12. Net proceeds of the transaction;
13. Exchange where trade was executed;
14. Identified tax lot (if applicable); and
15. Trade commission reason: best execution, soft dollar or research.
When opening accounts with brokers for, and in the name of, the Trust, the account must be a cash account. No margin accounts are to be opened by the Subadviser in the name of the Trust or any Series. Delivery instructions are as specified by the Custodian. The Custodian will supply the Subadviser daily with a cash availability report via access to the Custodian website, or by email or by facsimile and the Sub-Accounting Agent will provide a five-day cash projection. This will normally be done by email or, if email is unavailable, by another form of immediate written communication, so that the Subadviser will know the amount available for investment purposes.
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SCHEDULE B
RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED BY THE SUBADVISER
1. | (Rule 31a-1(b)(5) and (6)) A record of each brokerage order, and all other series purchases and sales, given by the Subadviser on behalf of the Trust for, or in connection with, the purchase or sale of securities, whether executed or unexecuted. Such records shall include: |
A. | The name of the broker; |
B. | The terms and conditions of the order and of any modifications or cancellations thereof; |
C. | The time of entry or cancellation; |
D. | The price at which executed; |
E. | The time of receipt of a report of execution; and |
F. | The name of the person who placed the order on behalf of the Trust. |
2. | (Rule 31a-1(b)(9)) A record for each fiscal quarter, completed within ten (10) days after the end of the quarter, showing specifically the basis or bases upon which the allocation of orders for the purchase and sale of series securities to named brokers or dealers was effected, and the division of brokerage commissions or other compensation on such purchase and sale orders. Such record: |
A. Shall include the consideration given to:
(i) | The sale of shares of the Trust by brokers or dealers. |
(ii) | The supplying of services or benefits by brokers or dealers to: |
(a) The Trust,
(b) The Adviser,
(c) The Subadviser, and
(d) Any person other than the foregoing.
(iii) | Any other consideration other than the technical qualifications of the brokers and dealers as such. |
B. | Shall show the nature of the services or benefits made available. |
C. | Shall describe in detail the application of any general or specific formula or other determinant used in arriving at such allocation of purchase and sale orders and such division of brokerage commissions or other compensation. |
D. | Shall show the name of the person responsible for making the determination of such allocation and such division of brokerage commissions or other compensation. |
3. | (Rule 31a-1(b)(10)) A record in the form of an appropriate memorandum identifying the person or persons, committees or groups authorizing the purchase or sale of series securities. Where a committee or group makes an authorization, a record shall be kept of the names of its members who participate in the authorization. There shall be retained as part of this record: any memorandum, recommendation or instruction supporting or authorizing the purchase or sale of series securities and such other information as is appropriate to support the authorization. * |
4. | (Rule 31a-1(f)) Such accounts, books and other documents as are required to be maintained by registered investment advisers by rule adopted under Section 204 of the Advisers Act, to the extent such records are necessary or appropriate to record the Subadviser’s transactions for the Trust. |
5. | Records as necessary under Board-approved policies and procedures of the Trust, including without limitation those related to valuation determinations. |
* Such information might include: current financial information, annual and quarterly reports, press releases, reports by analysts and from brokerage firms (including their recommendations, i.e., buy, sell, hold) or any internal reports or subadviser review.
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SCHEDULE C
SUBADVISORY FEE
For services provided to the Trust, the Adviser will pay to the Subadviser a fee, payable monthly in arrears, calculated on the average daily Managed Assets of the Designated Series at the annual rates shown in the table below. For this purpose, “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Designated Series, including any assets attributable to borrowings, minus the Designated Series’ accrued liabilities other than such borrowings. The fee shall be prorated for any month during which this Agreement is in effect for only a portion of the month.]
Name of Series | Proposed Subadvisory Fee |
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund | 50% of net advisory fee |
For this purpose, the “net advisory fee” means the advisory fee paid to the Adviser after accounting for any applicable fee waiver and/or expense limitation agreement, which shall not include reimbursement of the Adviser for any expenses or recapture of prior waivers. In the event that the Adviser waives its entire fee and also assumes expenses of the Trust pursuant to an applicable expense limitation agreement, the Subadviser will similarly waive its entire fee and will share in the expense assumption by contributing 50% of the assumed amount. However, because the Subadviser shares the fee waiver and/or expense assumption equally with the Adviser, if during the term of this Agreement the Adviser later recaptures some or all of the fees so waived or expenses so assumed by the Adviser and the Subadviser together, the Adviser shall pay to the Subadviser 50% of the amount recaptured.
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SCHEDULE D
SUBADVISER FUNCTIONS
With respect to managing the investment and reinvestment of the Designated Series’ assets, the Subadviser shall provide, at its own expense:
(a) | An investment program for the Designated Series consistent with its investment objectives based upon the development, review and adjustment of buy/sell strategies approved from time to time by the Board and the Adviser in paragraph 3 of this Subadvisory Agreement and implementation of that program; |
(b) | Periodic reports, on at least a quarterly basis, in form and substance acceptable to the Adviser, with respect to: i) compliance with the Code of Ethics and the Trust’s code of ethics; ii) compliance with procedures adopted from time to time by the Board relative to securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; iii) diversification of Designated Series assets in accordance with the then prevailing Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information pertaining to the Designated Series and governing laws, regulations, rules and orders; iv) compliance with governing restrictions relating to the fair valuation of securities for which market quotations are not readily available or considered "illiquid" for the purposes of complying with the Designated Series’ limitation on acquisition of illiquid securities; v) any and all other reports reasonably requested in accordance with or described in this Agreement; and vi) the implementation of the Designated Series’ investment program, including, without limitation, analysis of Designated Series performance; |
(c) | Promptly after filing with the SEC an amendment to its Form ADV, a copy of such amendment to the Adviser and the Board; |
(d) | Attendance by appropriate representatives of the Subadviser at meetings requested by the Adviser or Board at such time(s) and location(s) as reasonably requested by the Adviser or Board; and |
(e) | Notice to the Board and the Adviser of the occurrence of any event which would disqualify the Subadviser from serving as an investment adviser of an investment company pursuant to Section 9(a) of the Act or otherwise. |
(f) | Reasonable assistance in the valuation of securities including the participation of appropriate representatives at fair valuation committee meetings. |
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SCHEDULE E
FORM OF SUB-CERTIFICATION
To: |
Re: | Subadviser’s Form N-CSR and Form N-Q Certification for the [Name of Designated Series]. |
From: | [Name of Subadviser] |
Representations in support of Investment Company Act Rule 30a-2 certifications of Form N-CSR and Form N-Q.
[Name of Designated Series]. |
In connection with your certification responsibility under Rule 30a-2 and Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I have reviewed the following information presented in the schedule of investments for the period ended [Date of Reporting Period] (the “Report”) which forms part of the N-CSR or N-Q, as applicable, for the Trust.
Schedule of Investments
Our organization has designed, implemented and maintained internal controls and procedures, designed for the purpose of ensuring the accuracy and completeness of relevant portfolio trade data transmitted to those responsible for the preparation of the Schedule of Investments. As of the date of this certification there have been no material modifications to these internal controls and procedures.
In addition, our organization has:
a. | Designed such internal controls and procedures to ensure that material information is made known to the appropriate groups responsible for servicing the above-mentioned mutual fund. |
b. | Evaluated the effectiveness of our internal controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the date of this certification and we have concluded that such controls and procedures are effective. |
c. | In addition, to the best of my knowledge, there has been no fraud, whether or not material, that involves our organization’s management or other employees who have a significant role in our organization’s control and procedures as they relate to our duties as subadviser to the Designated Series. |
I have read the draft of the Report which I understand to be current as of [Date of Reporting Period] and based on my knowledge, such draft of the Report does not, with respect to the Designated Series, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the information contained therein, in light of the circumstances under which such information is presented, not misleading with respect to the period covered by such draft Report.
I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation, to the Designated Series’ Chief Accounting Officer:
a. | All significant changes, deficiencies and material weakness, if any, in the design or operation of the Subadviser’s internal controls and procedures which could adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data with respect to the Designated Series in a timely fashion; |
b. | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves the Subadviser’s management or other employees who have a significant role in the Subadviser’s internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. |
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I certify that to the best of my knowledge:
a. | The Subadviser’s Portfolio Manager(s) has/have complied with the restrictions and reporting requirements of the Code of Ethics (the “Code”). The term Portfolio Manager is as defined in the Code. |
b. | The Subadviser has complied with the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of the Designated Series and the Policies and Procedures of the Designated Series as adopted by the Designated Series Board of Trustees. |
c. | I have no knowledge of any compliance violations except as disclosed in writing to the Virtus Compliance Department by me or by the Subadviser’s compliance administrator. |
d. | The Subadviser has complied with the rules and regulations of the 33 Act and 40 Act, and such other regulations as may apply to the extent those rules and regulations pertain to the responsibilities of the Subadviser with respect to the Designated Series as outlined above. |
e. | Since the submission of our most recent certification there have not been any divestments of securities of issuers that conduct or have direct investments in business operations in Sudan. |
This certification relates solely to the Designated Series named above and may not be relied upon by any other fund or entity.
The Subadviser does not maintain the official books and records of the above Designated Series. The Subadviser’s records are based on its own portfolio management system, a record-keeping system that is not intended to serve as the Designated Series official accounting system. The Subadviser is not responsible for the preparation of the Report.
[Name of Subadviser] | Date | |
[Name of Authorized Signer] | ||
[Title of Authorized Signer] |
17
SCHEDULE F
DESIGNATED SERIES
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
18
Exhibit 99.(h).2.d
Amendment
To
Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement
This Amendment To Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of May 28, 2015 (" Amendment "), is being entered into by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (" BNYM "), Virtus Fund Services, LLC (" Company ") and each of the " Funds ", which is hereby defined to mean each of the Investment Companies and each Portfolio of such Investment Companies listed on Schedule B to the Amended Agreement (as defined below).
Background
BNYM, certain of the Funds and VP Distributors, Inc., as transfer agent to the Funds, entered into the Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement as of April 15, 2011 (" Original Agreement "). VP Distributors, LLC, the surviving entity in a merger with VP Distributors, Inc. that was effective September 22, 2011, transferred all rights and obligations as transfer agent of the Funds under the Original Agreement to the Company pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2013, among VP Distributors, LLC, the Company, certain of the Funds and BNYM (the Original Agreement as so assigned and amended being the " Assigned Agreement "). BNYM, the Company and the Funds subsequently entered into amendments to the Assigned Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014, June 1, 2014, August 19, 2014 and November 12, 2014 (the Assigned Agreement as so amended being the " Current Agreement "). BNYM, the Funds and the Company wish to amend the Current Agreement in accordance with the terms of this Amendment.
Terms
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:
1. Modifications to Current Agreement . The Current Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Schedule B and replacing it in its entirety with the Schedule B attached to the Amendment To Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of May 28, 2015, by and among BNYM, the Company and the Funds .
2. Adoption of Amended Agreement by New Fund . The Fund that has been added to Schedule B by virtue of this Amendment acknowledges and agrees that (i) by virtue of its execution of this Amendment, it becomes and is a party to the Current Agreement as amended by this Amendment (" Amended Agreement ") as of the date first written above, or if BNYM commenced providing services to the Fund prior to the date first written above, as of the date BNYM first provided services to the Fund, and (ii) it is bound by all terms and conditions of the Amended Agreement as of such date.
3. Remainder of Current Agreement . Except as specifically modified by this Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Current Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.
4. Governing Law . The governing law of the Current Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment.
5. Entire Agreement . This Amendment constitutes the final, complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Current Agreement.
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6. Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment or of executed signature pages to this Amendment by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the day and year first above written.
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. | Virtus Equity Trust | |
Virtus Insight Trust | ||
Virtus Opportunities Trust | ||
By: /s/ William Greilich | Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust | |
On behalf of each Fund in its individual | ||
Name: William Greilich | and separate capacity, and not on behalf | |
of any other Fund | ||
Title: Managing Director | ||
By: /s/ Francis G. Waltman | ||
Virtus Fund Services, LLC | Name: Francis G. Waltman | |
By: /s/ Amy Hackett | Title: Executive Vice President | |
Name: Amy Hackett | ||
Title: Vice President & Asst. Treasurer |
Page 2
SCHEDULE B
(Dated: May 28, 2015)
THIS SCHEDULE B is Schedule B to that certain Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2011, by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., Virtus Fund Services, LLC (under the name of its predecessor in interest, VP Distributors, Inc.) and the Funds, as further set forth below.
Portfolios
Investment Company : Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
Portfolios :
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund A
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund C
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund I
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund A
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund C
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund I
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund A
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund C
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund I
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund R6
Virtus Long Short Equity Fund A (1)
Virtus Long Short Equity Fund C (1)
Virtus Long Short Equity Fund I (1)
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund A (2)
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund C (2)
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund I (2)
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund R6 (2)
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund A (3)
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund C (3)
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund I (3)
Virtus Strategic Income Fund A
Virtus Strategic Income Fund C
Virtus Strategic Income Fund I
Investment Company : Virtus Equity Trust
Portfolios :
Virtus Balanced Fund A
Virtus Balanced Fund B
Virtus Balanced Fund C
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund A
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund C
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund I
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund R6
Virtus Growth & Income Fund A
Virtus Growth & Income Fund C
Virtus Growth & Income Fund I
Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund A
Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund C
Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund I
Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund A
Page 3
Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund B
Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund C
Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund I
Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund A
Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund C
Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund I
Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund A
Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund C
Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund I
Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund A
Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund C
Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund I
Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund R6
Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund A
Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund C
Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund I
Virtus Strategic Growth Fund A
Virtus Strategic Growth Fund B
Virtus Strategic Growth Fund C
Virtus Strategic Growth Fund I
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund A
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund B
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund C
Investment Company : Virtus Insight Trust
Portfolios :
Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A
Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund C
Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund I
Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund R6
Virtus Low Duration Income Fund A
Virtus Low Duration Income Fund C
Virtus Low Duration Income Fund I
Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A
Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund C
Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I
Investment Company : Virtus Opportunities Trust
Portfolios :
Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund A (formerly, Virtus Allocator Premium AlphaSector Fund A)
Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund C (formerly, Virtus Allocator Premium AlphaSector Fund C)
Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund I (formerly, Virtus Allocator Premium AlphaSector Fund I)
Virtus Sector Trend Fund A (formerly, Virtus AlphaSector Rotation Fund A)
Virtus Sector Trend Fund C (formerly, Virtus AlphaSector Rotation Fund C)
Virtus Sector Trend Fund I (formerly, Virtus AlphaSector Rotation Fund I )
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund A
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund C
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund I
Virtus Bond Fund A
Virtus Bond Fund B
Virtus Bond Fund C
Virtus Bond Fund I
Virtus CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A
Virtus CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I
Virtus Disciplined Equity Style Fund A
Page 4
Virtus Disciplined Equity Style Fund C
Virtus Disciplined Equity Style Fund I
Virtus Disciplined Select Bond Fund A
Virtus Disciplined Select Bond Fund C
Virtus Disciplined Select Bond Fund I
Virtus Disciplined Select Country Fund A
Virtus Disciplined Select Country Fund C
Virtus Disciplined Select Country Fund I
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund A (formerly, Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector Fund A)
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund B (formerly, Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector Fund B )
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund C (formerly, Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector Fund C )
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund I (formerly, Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector Fund I)
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector Fund R6)
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund A
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund C
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund I
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund A
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund C
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund I
Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund A
Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund C
Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund I
Virtus Essential Resources Fund A
Virtus Essential Resources Fund C
Virtus Essential Resources Fund I
Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund A
Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund C
Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund I
Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund R6
Virtus Global Dividend Fund A
Virtus Global Dividend Fund C
Virtus Global Dividend Fund I
Virtus Global Opportunities Fund A
Virtus Global Opportunities Fund B
Virtus Global Opportunities Fund C
Virtus Global Opportunities Fund I
Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund A (formerly, Virtus Global Premium AlphaSector Fund A )
Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund C (formerly, Virtus Global Premium AlphaSector Fund C)
Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund I (formerly, Virtus Global Premium AlphaSector Fund I )
Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund A
Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund C
Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund I
Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund A
Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund C
Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund I
Virtus Herzfeld Fund A
Virtus Herzfeld Fund C
Virtus Herzfeld Fund I
Virtus High Yield Fund A
Virtus High Yield Fund B
Virtus High Yield Fund C
Virtus High Yield Fund I
Virtus International Equity Fund A
Virtus International Equity Fund C
Virtus International Equity Fund I
Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund A
Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund C
Page 5
Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund I
Virtus International Small-Cap Fund A
Virtus International Small-Cap Fund C
Virtus International Small-Cap Fund I
Virtus International Small-Cap Fund R6
Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund A
Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund C
Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund I
Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund A
Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund C
Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund I
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund A
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund B
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund C
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund I
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund R6
Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund A
Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund B
Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund C
Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund I
Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund T
Virtus Equity Trend Fund A (formerly, Virtus Premium AlphaSector Fund A )
Virtus Equity Trend Fund C (formerly, Virtus Premium AlphaSector Fund C )
Virtus Equity Trend Fund I (formerly, Virtus Premium AlphaSector Fund I)
Virtus Equity Trend Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Premium AlphaSector Fund R6)
Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund A
Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund B
Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund C
Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund I
Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund R6
Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund A
Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund C
Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund I
Virtus Wealth Masters Fund A
Virtus Wealth Masters Fund C
Virtus Wealth Masters Fund I
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) |
Fund will not launch (launch date previously expected on or after April 7, 2015) (will be removed from next
Schedule B) |
(2) | Expected launch date on or after June 1, 2015 |
(3) | Expected launch date revised from on or after May 1, 2015 to on or after June 1, 2015 |
Page 6
Exhibit 99.(h).3.c
THIRD AMENDMENT
to
ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDMENT made effective as of the 4 th day of June, 2015 amends that certain administration agreement, dated as of February 19, 2014, as amended, between Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust including the series thereof and Virtus Fund Services, LLC (the “Administration Agreement”) as herein below provided.
W I T N E S S E T H :
WHEREAS, Pursuant to Section 8, Amendments to the Agreement, of the Administration Agreement, the Trust and the Funds wish to amend Schedule A of the Administration Agreement to remove the Virtus Long Short Equity Fund and to otherwise update the schedule.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premise, the parties to the Administration Agreement hereby agree that the Administration Agreement is amended as follows:
1. | Schedule A to the Administration Agreement is hereby replaced with Schedule A attached hereto and made a part hereof. |
2. | Except as herein provided, the Administration Agreement shall be and remain unmodified and in full force and effect. All initial capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Administration Agreement. |
3. | This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts (including executed counterparts delivered and exchanged by facsimile transmission) with the same effect as if all signing parties had originally signed the same document, and all counterparts shall be construed together and shall constitute the same instrument. For all purposes, signatures delivered and exchanged by facsimile transmission shall be binding and effective to the same extent as original signatures. |
[signature page follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed by their duly authorized officers.
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
By: /s/ W. Patrick Bradley
Name: W. Patrick Bradley
Title: Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC.
By: /s/ Heidi Griswold
Name: Heidi Griswold
Title: Vice President, Mutual Fund Services
SCHEDULE A
(as of June 4, 2015)
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
Exhibit 99.(h).4.j
EXHIBIT B
THIS EXHIBIT B, amended and restated effective as of March 28, 2015, is Exhibit B to that certain Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated as of January 1, 2010, as amended, by and among Virtus Fund Services, LLC, each of the investment companies and the Portfolios listed below and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.
PORTFOLIOS
GROUP A
Virtus Equity Trust
Virtus Balanced Fund
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund
Virtus Growth & Income Fund
Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund
Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund
Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund
Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund
Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund
Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund
Virtus Strategic Growth Fund
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund
Virtus Insight Trust
Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund
Virtus Low Duration Income Fund
Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
Virtus Opportunities Trust
Virtus Bond Fund
Virtus CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
Virtus Disciplined Equity Style Fund
Virtus Disciplined Select Bond Fund
Virtus Disciplined Select Country Fund
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund
Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund
Virtus Essential Resources Fund
Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund
Virtus Global Commodities Stock Fund
Virtus Global Dividend Fund
Virtus Global Opportunities Fund
Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund
Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund
Virtus Herzfeld Fund
Virtus High Yield Fund
Virtus International Equity Fund
Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund
Virtus International Small Cap Fund
Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund
Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund
Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund
Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund
Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund
Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund
Virtus Wealth Masters Fund
FUNDS OF FUNDS
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund
Virtus Sector Trend Fund
(formerly, Virtus AlphaSector ® Rotation Fund)
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund
(formerly, Virtus Dynamic AlphaSector ® Fund)
Virtus Equity Trend Fund
(formerly, Virtus Premium AlphaSector ® Fund)
Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund
(formerly, Virtus Allocator Premium AlphaSector ® Fund)
Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund
(formerly, Virtus Global Premium AlphaSector ® Fund)
GROUP B
VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
Virtus Capital Growth Series
Virtus Growth & Income Series
Virtus International Series
Virtus Multi-Sector Fixed Income Series
Virtus Equity Trend Series
(formerly, Virtus Premium AlphaSector Series)
Virtus Real Estate Securities Series
Virtus Small-Cap Growth Series
Virtus Small-Cap Value Series
Virtus Strategic Allocation Series
GROUP C
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
VATS Offshore Fund, LTD. 1
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund 2
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund 2
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
1 Fees will be included with those fees charged to the Portfolio that holds the Cayman subsidiary.
2 Service commencement effective upon launch or mutual agreement of the parties.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this amended and restated Exhibit B to be executed by their officers designated below effective as of the date and year first above written.
BNY MELLON INVESTMENT SERVICING (US) INC.
By: | /s/ William Greilich |
Name: | William Greilich |
Title: | Managing Director |
VIRTUS FUND SERVICES, LLC
By: | /s/ Amy Hackett |
Name: | Amy Hackett |
Title: | Vice President & Asst. Treasurer |
VIRTUS MUTUAL FUNDS:
VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST |
VIRTUS INSIGHT TRUST
VIRTUS OPPORTUNITIES TRUST |
VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
VATS OFFSHORE FUND, LTD.
Each on behalf of itself and its Portfolios only
By: | /s/ Francis G. Waltman |
Name: | Francis G. Waltman |
Title: | Executive Vice President |
Exhibit 99.(h).5
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED
EXPENSE LIMITATION AGREEMENT
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
This Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement (the “Agreement”), is effective as of May 28, 2015, amends and restates that certain Expense Limitation Agreement effective as of March 24, 2014, by and between Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Registrant”), on behalf of each series of the Registrant listed in Appendix A (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”), and the Adviser of each of the Funds, Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc. (the “Adviser”).
WHEREAS, the Adviser renders advice and services to the Funds pursuant to the terms and provisions of one or more Investment Advisory Agreements entered into between the Registrant and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”);
WHEREAS, the Adviser desires to maintain the expenses of each Fund at a level below the level to which each such Fund might otherwise be subject; and
WHEREAS, the Adviser understands and intends that the Registrant will rely on this Agreement in accruing the expenses of the Registrant for purposes of calculating net asset value and for other purposes, and expressly permits the Registrant to do so.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. | Limit on Fund Expenses . The Adviser has agreed to limit the respective rate of Total Fund Operating Expenses (“Expense Limit”) for each Fund as specified in Appendix A of this Agreement, for the time period indicated. |
2. | Definition of “Total Fund Operating Expenses” . For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Total Fund Operating Expenses” with respect to a Fund is defined to include all expenses necessary or appropriate for the operation of the Fund including the Adviser’s investment advisory or management fee under the Advisory Agreement and other expenses described in the Advisory Agreement that the Fund is responsible for and have not been assumed by the Adviser, but excludes front-end or contingent deferred loads, taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, extraordinary expenses (such as litigation), acquired fund fees and expenses, dividend expenses, and leverage expenses, if any. |
3. | Recoupment and Recapture of Fees and Expenses . Each Fund has agreed to reimburse the Adviser and/or certain of its affiliates (collectively, “Virtus”) out of assets belonging to the relevant class of the Fund for any Total Fund Operating Expenses of the relevant class of the Fund in excess of the Expense Limit paid, waived or assumed by Virtus for that Fund, provided that Virtus would not be entitled to reimbursement for any amount that would cause the applicable Expense Limit to be exceeded or, if the Expense Limit has been removed, then the previous Expense Limit, at the time that the reimbursement would be made, and provided further that no amount would be reimbursed by the Fund more than three years after the fiscal year in which it was incurred or waived by Virtus. |
4. | Term, Termination and Modification . This Agreement is effective for the time period indicated on Appendix A, unless sooner terminated as provided below in this Paragraph. Subsequent to the initial term indicated on Appendix A, the amount of the Expense Limit and term applicable to each Fund shall be as disclosed in the then current prospectus of that Fund. This Agreement shall remain in effect with respect to each Fund (if any) subject to a Voluntary Expense Limitation until such time as specified in a notice of its termination provided by one party to the other party. This Agreement also may be terminated by the Registrant on behalf of any one or more of the Funds at any time without payment of any penalty or by the Board of Trustees of the Registrant upon thirty (30) days’ written notice to the Adviser. In addition, this Agreement shall terminate with respect to a Fund upon termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to such Fund. |
5. | Assignment . This Agreement and all rights and obligations hereunder may not be assigned without the written consent of the other party. |
6. |
Severability
. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court
decision, statute or rule, or shall otherwise be rendered invalid, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.
|
7. | Captions . The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or limit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. |
8. | Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of Delaware without giving effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof; provided that nothing herein shall be construed to preempt, or to be inconsistent with, any federal securities law, regulation or rule, including the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. |
9. | Computation . If the fiscal year-to-date Total Fund Operating Expenses of a Fund at the end of any month during which this Agreement is in effect exceed the Expense Limit for that Fund (the “Excess Amount”), the Adviser shall (at its option) waive or reduce its fee under the Advisory Agreement and/or remit to that Fund an amount that is sufficient to pay the Excess Amount computed on the last day of the month. |
10. |
Liability
. Virtus agrees that it shall look only to the assets of the relevant class of
each respective relevant Fund for performance of this Agreement and for payment of any claim Virtus may have hereunder, and neither
any other Fund (including the other series of the Registrant) or class of the Fund, nor any of the Registrant’s trustees,
officers, employees, agents or shareholders, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.
|
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their duly authorized officers.
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
By: /s/ W. Patrick Bradley
Name: W. Patrick Bradley
Title: Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC.
By: /s/ Francis G. Waltman
Name: Francis G. Waltman
Title: Executive Vice President
2
APPENDIX A
Contractual Expense Limitations
Term | |||||
Class A | Class C | Class I | Class R6 | ||
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund | 2.45% | 3.20% | 2.20% | N/A | Through February 29, 2016 |
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund | 2.40% | 3.15% | 2.15% | N/A | Through February 29, 2016 |
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund | 2.60% | 3.35% | 2.35% | 2.34% | Through February 29, 2016 |
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund | 1.35% | 2.10% | 1.10% | 1.04% | Through February 28, 2017 |
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund | 1.80% | 2.55% | 1.55% | N/A | Through February 28, 2017 |
Virtus Strategic Income Fund | 1.40% | 2.15% | 1.15% | N/A | Through February 29, 2016 |
3
Exhibit 99.(i).1
June 4, 2015
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, DC 20549
Re: | Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (the “Trust”) |
Post-Effective Amendment No. 18
to Registration Statement 333-191940
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This opinion is furnished in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of shares (the “Shares”) of the above-referenced Trust. In rendering this opinion, I have examined such documents, records and matters of law as deemed necessary for purposes of this opinion. I have assumed the genuineness of all signatures of all parties, the authenticity of all documents submitted as originals, the correctness of all copies and the correctness of all written or oral statements made to me.
Based upon and subject to the foregoing, it is my opinion that the Shares that will be issued by the Trust when sold will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
My opinion is rendered solely in connection with the Registration Statement on Form N1-A under which the Shares will be registered and may not be relied upon for any other purpose without my written consent. I hereby consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to such Registration Statement.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Jennifer Fromm
Jennifer Fromm
Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
Securities distributed by VP Distributors, LLC
Exhibit 99.(i).2
CONSENT OF SULLIVAN & WORCESTER LLP
We hereby consent to the use of our name and any reference to our firm in the Statement of Additional Information of Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (the “Trust”), included as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 and incorporated by reference in Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 to the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-191940). In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder.
/s/ Sullivan & Worcester LLP
Sullivan & Worcester LLP
Washington, DC
June 4, 2015
Exhibit 99.(j)
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of our report dated December 23, 2014, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights which appears in the October 31, 2014 Annual Report to Shareholders of Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, which is also incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the headings “Glossary”, “Non-Public Portfolio Holdings Information”, "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" and "Financial Statements" in such Registration Statement.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
June 5, 2015
Exhibit 99.(m).1.c
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
(the “Trust”)
AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO
CLASS A SHARES
DISTRIBUTION PLAN PURSUANT TO RULE 12b-1
under the
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
THIS AMENDMENT made effective as of the 4 th day of June, 2015 amends that certain Class A Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, dated January 22, 2014, by and for the Fund (the “Plan”) as herein below provided.
W I T N E S S E T H :
WHEREAS, the Fund wishes to amend Appendix A of the Plan to reflect the addition of the Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund as a party to the Plan.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premise, the Fund hereby agrees that the Plan is amended as follows:
1. | Appendix A to the Plan is hereby replaced with Appendix A attached hereto and made a part of the Plan. |
2. | Except as herein provided, the Plan shall be and remain unmodified and in full force and effect. All initial capitalized terms used herein shall have such meanings as ascribed thereto in the Plan. |
APPENDIX A
(as of June 4, 2015)
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
Exhibit 99.(m).2.c
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
(the “Trust”)
AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO
CLASS C SHARES
DISTRIBUTION PLAN PURSUANT TO RULE 12b-1
under the
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
THIS AMENDMENT made effective as of the 4 th day of June, 2015 amends that certain Class C Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, dated January 22, 2014, by and for the Fund (the “Plan”) as herein below provided.
W I T N E S S E T H :
WHEREAS, the Fund wishes to amend Appendix A of the Plan to reflect the addition of the Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund as a party to the Plan.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premise, the Fund hereby agrees that the Plan is amended as follows:
1. | Appendix A to the Plan is hereby replaced with Appendix A attached hereto and made a part of the Plan. |
2. | Except as herein provided, the Plan shall be and remain unmodified and in full force and effect. All initial capitalized terms used herein shall have such meanings as ascribed thereto in the Plan. |
APPENDIX A
(as of June 4, 2015)
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
Virtus Strategic Income Fund
Exhibit 99.(n).2
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
SECOND AMENDMENT
to
AMENDED AND RESTATED PLAN PURSUANT TO RULE 18f-3
under the
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
THIS AMENDMENT made effective as of the 4th day of June, 2015, amends that certain amended and restated plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, dated September 17, 2014, as amended (the “Rule 18f-3 Plan”), as herein below provided:
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Fund wishes to amend Schedule A of the Rule 18f-3 Plan to reflect the addition of the Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund and to otherwise update the Schedule.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premise, the Fund hereby agrees that the Rule 18f-3 Plan is amended as follows:
1. | Schedule A to the Rule 18f-3 Plan is hereby replaced with Schedule A attached hereto and made a part of the Rule 18f-3 Plan. |
2. |
Except as herein provided, the Rule 18f-3 Plan shall be and remain unmodified and in full force and effect. All initial capitalized
terms used herein shall have such meanings as ascribed thereto in the Rule 18f-3 Plan.
|
SCHEDULE A
(as of June 4, 2015)
A Shares |
C Shares |
I Shares |
R6 Shares |
|
Virtus Alternative Income Solution Fund | X | X | X | |
Virtus Alternative Inflation Solution Fund | X | X | X | |
Virtus Alternative Total Solution Fund | X | X | X | X |
Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund | X | X | X | X |
Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund | X | X | X | |
Virtus Strategic Income Fund | X | X | X |
Exhibit 99.(p).2
CODE OF ETHICS
Amended and Restated April 1, 2015
1. | Introduction |
This Code of Ethics (the “Code”) has been adopted individually by the entities listed in Schedule A, referred to herein (individually) as the “Firm”. This Code is administered by each Firm’s designated Chief Compliance Officer or their delegate as a separate program. Each Firm may attach to this Code an appendix describing any unique provisions the Firm has made to provide additional requirements or modify requirements set forth by this Code.
2. | Standard of Business Conduct |
The Firm holds its Supervised Persons to a high standard of integrity and business practices. In serving their respective shareholders and clients, the Firm strives to avoid conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest related to the personal trading activities of its Supervised Persons and the securities transactions in any managed account.
The Firm acknowledges its confidence in the integrity and good faith of all of its Supervised Persons. The Firm recognizes that the knowledge of present or future portfolio transactions or the power to influence portfolio transactions, if held by such individuals, could place them in a position where their personal interests might conflict with those of the managed account, if they were to trade in securities eligible for investment by the managed account.
In view of the foregoing and of the provisions of Sections 204-2 and 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (Advisers Act), as amended, and Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act, as amended, the Firm has adopted this Code to specify and prohibit certain types of transactions deemed to create conflicts of interest or the potential for or appearance of such a conflict, and to establish reporting requirements and enforcement procedures. Because the Firm cannot foresee all possible situations, the Firm ultimately relies upon the integrity and judgment of its personnel, in addition to requirements set forth by this Code. This Code presents a framework against which all Supervised Persons should seek to measure their conduct. When Supervised Persons covered by this Code engage in personal securities transactions, they must adhere to the following general principles and the Code’s specific provisions:
a) | At all times, the interests of the Firm and its Clients must be paramount; |
b) | Personal transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code in a manner that avoids any actual or potential conflict of interest; |
c) | No inappropriate advantage should be taken of any position of trust and responsibility; |
d) | Information about the identity of security holdings and financial circumstances of Clients is confidential; |
e) | Ensure that the investment management and overall business of the Firm complies with the policies of the Firm, Virtus Investment Partners (Virtus) and applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and regulations; and |
f) | Supervised Persons are required to adhere to the standards of business conduct in the Virtus Code of Conduct. |
B. | Unlawful Actions |
It is unlawful for any Supervised Person, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by them of a security held or to be held by any Client account to:
a) Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any Client;
b) Make any untrue statement of a material fact to any Client or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to any Client, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;
c) Engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on any Client; or to engage in any manipulative practice with respect to any Client; and
d) Divulge or act upon any material, non-public information, as is defined under relevant securities laws.
3. | Definitions |
A. "Access Person" means all directors, officers, general partners, partners of the Firm and Advisory Persons of Firm’s Advisers (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions). In addition, Access Person means all Supervised Persons, who:
a. | Are involved in making securities recommendations to Clients; or |
b. | Have access to nonpublic information regarding the following: |
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(a) | Any Clients’ purchase or sale of securities, or recommendation to purchase or sell such securities; or |
(b) | Information regarding the portfolio holdings of any fund the Firm or its control affiliates manages. |
B. | “Advisers Act” means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. |
C. | "Advisory Person" means (i) any Access Person of the Firm or of any company in a control relationship to the Firm, who, in connection with their regular functions or duties, makes, participates in or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of a security by the Firm for a Client, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and (ii) any natural person in a control relationship to the Firm who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Client with regard to the purchase or sale of a security. |
D. | "Affiliated Officer" means (i) any corporate officer or director of the Firm who is not a resident at the Firm’s business location; and (ii) is subject to the provisions of an affiliate’s code of ethics for personal trading. |
E. | “Affiliated Open-End Mutual Fund” means any open-end mutual fund to which the Firm or its control affiliate(s) serve as the investment adviser or principal underwriter. Currently, this means all open-end (non-exchange traded) funds managed by Virtus or its affiliates. A chart of such funds is available at Schedule B and on the Virtus Compliance Intranet site. Schedule B may be updated from time to time without being considered an amendment to this Code of Ethics. See also the definition of “Unaffiliated Open-End Mutual Fund” in section W. below. |
F. | “Being considered for Purchase or Sale” means when a security for which a recommendation to purchase or sell has been made and communicated; and with respect to the Advisory Person making the recommendation, when such person seriously considers making such a recommendation. |
G. | "Beneficial Ownership" shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act) in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations there under. It includes ownership by any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in a security. For purposes hereof, |
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a. | “Pecuniary Interest” means the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the security. |
b. | “Indirect Pecuniary Interest” includes, but is not limited to: |
(a) | Securities held by Immediate Family Members sharing the same household; |
(b) | A general partner’s proportionate interest in portfolio securities held by a general or limited partnership; |
(c) | A person’s right to dividends that is separated or separable from the underlying securities (otherwise, a right to dividends alone will not constitute a pecuniary interest in securities); |
(d) | A person’s interest in securities held by a trust; |
(e) | A person’s right to acquire securities through the exercise or conversion of any derivative security, whether or not presently exercisable; and |
(f) | A performance-related fee, other than an asset based fee, received by any broker, dealer, bank, insurance company, investment company, investment manager, trustee, or person or entity performing a similar function, with certain exceptions (see Rule 16a-1(a)(2)of the Exchange Act). |
An Access Person is presumed to have Beneficial Ownership in, and so an obligation to report, the securities held by his or her Immediate Family Members. Access Persons should note that the Firm’s policies and procedures with respect to personal securities transactions also apply to transactions by a spouse, domestic partner, child or other Immediate Family Member residing in the same household. See definition of “Immediate Family Member” in section M. below.
H. | “Chief Compliance Officer” or “CCO” refers to the person appointed by the Firm pursuant to the provisions of Section 206(4)-7 of the Advisers Act. |
I. | "Client" means each and every investment company, or series thereof, or other account managed by the Firm. |
J. | "Control" shall have the same meaning as that in Section 2(a) (9) of the Investment Company Act. |
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K. | “Covered Associate” is a term used in the Firm’s Pay to Play Policy and Procedures and is incorporated by reference. |
L. | "Firm" means each of the entities listed in Schedule A who have each adopted this Code and administer it under their respective individual compliance programs managed by their designated Chief Compliance Officer or his/her delegate. |
M. | “Immediate Family Member” shall have the following meaning: With respect to personal securities reporting requirements, terms such as “Employee”, “Personal Brokerage Account”, “Supervised Person” and “Access Person” are defined to include any Supervised Person’s or Access Person’s spouse or domestic partner who share their household and any relative by blood, adoption or marriage living in the Supervised or Access Person’s household. This definition includes children (including financially dependent children away at school), stepchildren, grandchildren, parents, stepparents, grandparents, siblings and parents-children-or siblings-in-law. |
N. | "Initial Public Offering" or “IPO” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. |
O. | “ Investment Company Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. |
P. | "Managed Fund or Portfolio" shall mean those Clients, individually and collectively, for whom the Portfolio Manager makes buy and sell decisions. |
Q. | “Personal Brokerage Account” refers to any account (including, without limitation, a custody account, safekeeping account and an account maintained by an entity that may act in a brokerage or a principal capacity) in which securities may be traded or held in custody, and in which an Access Person has any Beneficial Ownership, and any such account of an Immediate Family Member. The meaning of “Personal Brokerage Account” includes accounts in which an Access Person may hold or acquire Reportable Securities, even though the account currently holds only non-Reportable Securities (such as unaffiliated open-end mutual funds). To the extent that the Virtus 401(k) plan and potentially 401(k) plans of an Access Person’s prior employer(s) or 401(k) plans of Immediate Family Members have the capacity to invest in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities, such accounts are considered “Personal Brokerage Accounts”. Furthermore, Individual Retirement Accounts (i.e.: “IRAs”) that are constructed within a brokerage account capable of transacting in Reportable Securities are also considered “Personal Brokerage Accounts”. |
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The meaning of “Personal Brokerage Account” does not include the following: open-end mutual funds held directly with the sponsor in an account that is not capable of transacting in Reportable Securities; 401(k) accounts that may only hold non-affiliated open-end mutual funds; other accounts that cannot transact in Reportable Securities as determined by the Compliance Department; and direct purchase accounts such as “DRIP” plans.
R. | "Fund Portfolio Manager" or “Portfolio Manager” is an Advisory Person (or one of the Advisory Persons) entrusted with the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. |
S. | "Private Placement" or "Limited Offering" means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Section 4(2) or Section 4(6) thereof, or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505 or Rule 506 there under. |
T. | "Purchase or sale of a Reportable Security" includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security, or the purchase or sale of a security, that is exchangeable for or convertible into, a security that is held or to be acquired for a Client. |
U. | "Reportable Security" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act, and Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act as amended, and includes common stocks, preferred stocks, stock options (put, call and straddle), debt securities, privilege on any security or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof) and derivative instruments, ETFs, UIT ETFs, closed-end funds, other well-known stock indices vehicles, such as the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Indices (such as but not limited to SPDR S&P 500, SPDR S&P MidCap 400, “iShares”, etc.); affiliated open-end mutual funds and municipal securities. |
The meaning of “Reportable Security” shall not include transactions and holdings in direct obligations of the Government of the United States; money market instruments; bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments; shares of money market funds; transactions and holdings in shares of non-affiliated open-end mutual funds; and transactions in units of a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is invested exclusively in unaffiliated open-end mutual funds. Note: This exception extends only to open end funds registered in the U.S.; therefore, transactions and holdings in offshore funds ARE reportable .
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V. | "Supervised Person" means any director, officer, and partner of the Firm (or other person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions); an employee of the Firm; and any other person who provides advice on behalf of the Firm and is subject to the Firm’s supervision and control. To affect such policies as required by this Code, the Firm’s CCO shall further classify certain Supervised Persons as an “Access Person”, or “Advisory Person”. |
W. | “Unaffiliated Open-End Mutual Fund” means any open-end (non-exchange traded) mutual fund not falling within the definition of “Affiliated Open-End Mutual Fund” defined in section E. above, i.e., any open-end mutual fund to which the Firm or its control affiliate(s) do not serve as the investment adviser or principal underwriter for the fund. |
4. Disclosure of Personal Brokerage Accounts 1
All Access Persons must disclose their Personal Brokerage Accounts to their respective Compliance Department. Each Access Person’s responsibility is to notify their respective Compliance Department of all Personal Brokerage Accounts and to direct the broker to provide their Compliance Department with brokerage transaction confirmations and account statements (and verify that it has been done). Access Persons cannot assume that the broker-dealer will automatically arrange for this information to be set up and forwarded correctly. Access Persons do not need to disclose the existence of their Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) account, however any other Virtus Fidelity account holding securities, options or restricted stock of Virtus must be disclosed. 401(k) plans of an Access Person’s prior employer(s) or 401(k) plans of Immediate Family Members must be disclosed if such accounts have the capacity to invest in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities.
5. Prohibited Activities for Access Persons
A. | Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) Rule: No Access Person may directly or indirectly acquire beneficial ownership in any securities in an IPO, without the prior written approval of the CCO. This also applies to IPO’s offered through the internet. No FINRA registered person or Portfolio Manager may participate in an IPO pursuant to FINRA Rule 5130. |
B. | Private Placement / Limited Offering Rule: No Access Person may directly or indirectly acquire beneficial ownership in any securities in a Private Placement or Limited Offering without the prior written approval of the CCO. The approved purchase should be disclosed to the Client if they are considering that issuer’s securities for purchase or sale. |
1 Certain Supervised Persons are subject to the requirements of Section 4. Please see the Appendix following this Code.
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C. | Preclearance Rule: No Access Person may directly or indirectly acquire or dispose of beneficial ownership in a Reportable Security unless the transaction has been pre-cleared by the Compliance Department. Preclearance is valid through the next business day at the close of the U.S. market following the approval. An order not executed within that time must be re-submitted for preclearance approval. Access Persons must wait for approval before placing the order with their broker. |
Exceptions: The following Reportable Securities transactions do not require preclearance: |
a) | Purchases or sales of up to and including 500 shares per month of Reportable Securities in any issuer ranked in the S&P 500 at the time of the transaction. An S&P 500 holding list is updated quarterly and available on the Virtus intranet website. A copy is also available for review in your Firm’s Compliance Department. The Compliance Department monitors de minimis trading for patterns of abuse. If a pattern of abuse is determined to have occurred, the Compliance Department reserves the right to suspend or cancel the ability of an Access Person to conduct de minimis transactions. |
b) Transactions in Affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds.
c) Purchase orders of Reportable Securities sent directly to the issuer via mail (other than in connection with a Private Placement or Limited Offering) or sales of such securities that are redeemed directly by the issuer via mail.
d) | Purchases or sales of Reportable Securities effected in any account over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control in the reasonable estimation of the Firm’s CCO. This exemption will apply to Personal Brokerage Accounts for which a third party, such as a broker or financial advisor, makes all investment decisions on behalf of the Access Person and the Access Person does not discuss any specific transactions for the account with the third-party manager. |
e) | Purchases or sales of Reportable Securities (i) not eligible for purchase or sale by the Client; or (ii) specified from time to time by the Firm’s Directors, subject to rules the Firm’s Directors shall specify. |
f) | Purchases of shares of Reportable Securities necessary to establish an automatic investment or dividend reinvestment plan, as well as any subsequent purchases and sales pursuant to any such automatic investment or dividend reinvestment plan. |
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g) | Purchases of Reportable Securities effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent the rights were acquired from the issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired. |
h) | Purchases or sales of Reportable Securities issued under an employee stock purchase or incentive program unless otherwise restricted. |
i) | Non-volitional transactions (such as stock splits, dividends, corporate actions, etc.). |
Note: The foregoing are exceptions to the Preclearance Rule only; other provisions of this Code may apply.
The Firm’s CCO or other designated compliance personnel may deny approval of any transaction requiring preclearance under this Pre-clearance Rule, even if nominally permitted under the Code, if believed that denial is necessary for the protection of the Client or the Firm.
D. Open Order Rule: No Access Person may directly or indirectly acquire or dispose of the Beneficial Ownership in any Reportable Security that requires preclearance (i.e., is not exempt from preclearance) when a Client has a pending buy or sell for that security of the same type until the Client's order is executed or withdrawn.
E. | Blackout Rule: Portfolio Managers and Advisory Persons may not directly or indirectly acquire or dispose of Beneficial Ownership in a Reportable Security within seven calendar days before and after the portfolio(s) associated with the Portfolio Manager’s and Advisory Person’s assigned duties trades in that security. The seven-day period is exclusive of the execution date. The Blackout Rule applies to transactions in securities that are required to be precleared. |
F. | Holding Period Rule: Access Persons must hold all Reportable Securities for no less than sixty (60) days, whether or not the purchase was an exempt transaction under any other provision of Section 5. Generally, a first-in first-out (“FIFO”) accounting methodology will be applied for determining compliance with this holding rule. |
G. | Gifts and Entertainment: Supervised Persons designated by the Firm’s CCO may not give or receive gifts or payments that may be construed to have an influence on business transactions conducted by the Firm. Gifts to or from Consultants or Clients must not exceed $100 per person per year. Gifts include any items of value, including sports paraphernalia or equipment, wine or food baskets, gift certificates for shopping or to a restaurant or spa. Tickets |
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to events are considered gifts if the associate does not attend the event. The $100 limit that applies to gifts does not apply to entertainment. Nonetheless, entertainment must be neither so frequent nor so extensive as to raise any question of impropriety. The CCO or other designated personnel will maintain records of all gifts and payments of $100 or more per person and all entertainment. ALL gifts and entertainment received or given must be reported to the Compliance Department. Supervised Persons designated by the Firm’s CCO are required to submit a log quarterly. |
H. | Serving on Boards of Directors: No Advisory Person shall serve on the board of directors of a publicly traded company without prior authorization from Virtus Investment Partners Inc. Counsel or the Firm’s CCO. If authorized, the Advisory Person shall have no role in making investment decisions with respect to the publicly traded company. |
I. | Excessive Trading Rule: No Portfolio Manager shall engage in excessive trading or market timing activities with respect to any mutual fund regardless of whether or not the mutual fund is managed by that Firm/Sub-advisor or any affiliated adviser/sub-advisor. Market timing is defined as a purchase and redemption, regardless of size, in and out of the same mutual fund within any sixty (60) day period. The foregoing restrictions shall not apply to Portfolio Managers investing in mutual funds through asset allocation programs, automatic reinvestment programs, and any other non-volitional investment vehicles. |
J. | Material, Non-public Information: No Supervised Person shall divulge or act upon any material, non-public information as defined under relevant securities laws. For more information, refer to the Firm’s Insider Trading Policy and Procedures . |
K. | Pay to Play Rule: The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted Rule 206(4)-5 (“Rule” or “Pay to Play Rule”) as a means to curtail the ability of investment advisers to use political contributions to influence state and municipal officials responsible for the hiring of investment advisers, otherwise known as “pay to play” practices. Under the Rule, political contributions made by advisers or their Covered Associates may result in serious limitations on advisers’ ability to receive compensation for the management of certain public funds. The Rule does not prohibit political contributions but prohibits the adviser from receiving compensation from the government plan. The Rule does not preempt state and local pay to play or other laws restricting political contributions which may be more restrictive. |
Virtus Pay to Play Policy prohibits political contributions to state or local government officials or candidates by Covered Associates in excess of the contribution limits established by the Rule. This prohibition includes
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contributions made by a Covered Associate’s spouse or family members living in the same household. The Policy also applies to certain contributions to Political Action Committees (“PACs”) and state and local political parties or committees. All contributions to state and local government officials and candidates, state and local political parties and committees and PACs must be reported in accordance with the Policy. Please refer to Virtus Pay to Play Policy for further information.
6. Reporting & Compliance Procedures 2
A. | Duplicate Trade Confirmations and Personal Brokerage Account Statements: All Access Persons shall direct their brokers to supply, at the same time that they are sent to the Access Person, a copy of the confirmation for each personal Reportable Securities trade in a Personal Brokerage Account and a copy, at least quarterly, of an account statement for each Personal Brokerage Account to their respective Compliance Department (an electronic feed from the broker will satisfy these requirements). Access to duplicate confirmations and account statements will be restricted to those persons assigned to perform review functions, and all materials will be kept confidential except as required by law. |
B. | Quarterly Transactions Reports: Access Persons shall report to the Firm the information (specified further below) with respect to transactions in any Reportable Security in which the Access Person has, or by reason of that transaction acquires, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Reportable Security. |
Access Persons shall not be required to make a report with respect to transactions effected for any account over which that person lacks any direct or indirect influence or control in the reasonable estimation of the Firm’s CCO. |
The Firm’s CCO may grant an extension to the 15-day quarterly reporting deadline for cases of hardship, illness, system unavailability or other extenuating circumstances provided that such extension does not exceed the 30-day limit required by Rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Such extension will not be considered a waiver of this Code of Ethics. Access Person’s Quarterly Transaction Reports shall contain the following information:
2 Certain Supervised Persons are subject to the requirements of Sections 6A, 6B and 6C. Please see the Appendix following this Code.
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(i) | All transactions in Reportable Securities effected during the calendar quarter being reported on; |
(ii) | The date of the transaction in the Reportable Security, the title and number of shares of equity securities; or, the maturity date, principal amount and interest rate of debt securities, of each Reportable Security involved; and as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or cusip number; |
(iii) | The type of transaction (i.e., purchase, sale, or any other type of acquisition or disposition); |
(iv) | The price of the Reportable Security at which the transaction was effected; |
(v) | The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected; and |
(vi) | The date the report is submitted. |
To the extent that the Access Person certified that the Compliance Department is receiving duplicate statements of Personal Brokerage Accounts, the above disclosures are considered to have been made for transactions in Reportable Securities occurring in those Personal Brokerage Accounts.
C. | Initial and Annual Holdings Reports: Each Access Person shall submit an Initial Holdings and Annual Holdings Report listing all personal Reportable Securities holdings to their Firm’s Compliance Department upon the commencement of service and annually thereafter (the Initial Holdings Report and the Annual Holdings Report , respectively). The information on the Initial Holdings Report must be current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date the individual becomes an Access Person. An Initial Holdings Report and certification must be submitted to their Firm’s Compliance Departments no later than 10 days after becoming an Access Person. The Annual Holdings Report holdings information shall be as of December 31 of the prior year. Access Persons shall submit the Annual Holdings Report and certification to their Firm’s Compliance Department by January 31 of each year. Access Persons shall include on their Annual Holdings Report any holdings in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds including those held in the Access Person’s Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan. |
Every Initial Holdings Report and Annual Holdings Report required pursuant to this section shall contain the following information for Reportable Securities: |
(i) | The title, type and number of shares of equity securities; and/or the maturity date, principal amount and interest rate of debt securities; and as |
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applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares, and principal amount of each Reportable Security in which the Access Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership; |
(ii) | The name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the Access Person’s direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership; |
(iii) | The date the Access Person submits the report; and |
(iv) | For Initial Holdings Reports and Annual Holdings Reports, a certification by the Supervised Person that he or she has read, understood, has complied, and shall continue to comply with the requirements of this Code and the Firm’s Insider Trading Policy and Procedures. |
Exceptions to reporting requirements (Quarterly Transactions and Initial and Annual Holdings):
(i) | Any report of Reportable Securities held in accounts over which the Access Person had no direct or indirect influence or control; |
(ii) | A Quarterly Transaction Report of Reportable Securities transactions effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan; and |
(iii) | A Quarterly Transaction Report if it would duplicate information contained in broker trade confirmations or account statements received no later than 30 days after the end of the applicable calendar quarter. |
D. | Any report made under this Section 6 may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such reports that he or she has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the security to which the report relates. |
E. | The Firm’s CCO shall submit an annual report to the Fund Board of Directors/Trustee for any fund advised or sub-advised by the Firm that summarizes the current Code procedures, identifies any violations requiring significant remedial action, and recommends appropriate changes to the Code, if any. |
F. | Any Supervised Person must promptly report possible violations of the Code to the Firm’s CCO or other designee (including but not limited to potential conflicts of interest) when they suspect, in good faith, that a violation may have occurred or is reasonably likely to occur. If a matter implicates the Firm’s CCO or other designee, notice of a violation should be reported to the Virtus Investment Partners Inc. CCO. Failure to do so is in itself a violation of |
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this Code. No retaliation or retribution of any kind will be taken against any Supervised Person who, in good faith, reports a suspected violation of this Code. To the extent possible under the circumstances, all information will be kept confidential. |
G. | The Firm’s Compliance Department will review all reports and other information submitted under Section 6. This review will include comparisons with trading records of Client accounts as are necessary or appropriate in determining whether there have been any violations of the Code. |
H. | The Firm’s Compliance Personnel will maintain a list of all Supervised Persons, Access Persons, Advisory Persons, and Portfolio Managers who are required to make reports under the Code, and shall inform such individuals of their reporting obligations and if any requirement of this Code has not been complied with. |
I. | The Firm shall provide a copy of the Code and any amendments to all Supervised Persons and obtain their written acknowledgement of receipt. |
7. | 401(k) Plans and the Requirements of the Code 3 |
A. | Disclosure of Personal Brokerage Accounts: Access Persons are not required to disclose the existence of their Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan, but Access Persons must disclose any other 401(k) account if the account can transact in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities. |
B. | Preclearance Rule: Access Persons are not required to preclear transactions in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds (e.g., transferring amounts from one fund to another) or contributions in the form of payroll deductions. Access Persons are required to preclear transactions in Reportable Securities that are not exceptions to the Preclearance Rule of Section 5 (e.g., the sale of previous employer’s stock). |
C. | Duplicate Trade Confirmations and Personal Brokerage Account Statements: If an Access Person has a 401(k) account from a previous employer that can transact in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities, the Access Person shall direct her broker to supply, at the same time that they are sent to the Access Person, a copy of the confirmation for each personal Reportable Securities trade and a copy, at least quarterly, of an account statement to the Access Person’s Compliance |
3 Certain Supervised Persons are subject to the requirements of Sections 7A and 7C – 7E. Please see the Appendix following this Code.
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Department for each 401(k) account other than the Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan. |
D. | Quarterly Transactions Reports: If the Compliance Department is not receiving copies of broker trade confirmations or account statements, Access Persons are required to submit a Quarterly Transaction Report for transactions in Reportable Securities (e.g., Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds or a previous employer’s stock) for 401(k) accounts other than the Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan. |
E. | Initial and Annual Holdings Reports: Access Persons are required to report all holdings in Reportable Securities, including holdings in the Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan (e.g., Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds). |
8. | Pay to Play Rule Reporting |
A. | Covered Associates shall refer to Virtus Pay to Play Policy for reporting requirements. |
9. | Recordkeeping Requirements |
A. | The Firm will maintain in an easily accessible place, the following records: |
a) | A copy of any Code for the organization that is in effect, or at any time within the past five (5) calendar years was in effect; |
b) | A record of any Code violation or action taken as a result of the violation that occurred during the current year and the past five (5) calendar years; |
c) | A record of all written acknowledgments as required by Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act for each Supervised Person who is currently, or within the past five (5) calendar years was, a Supervised Person; |
d) | A copy of each report made by an Access Person during the current year and the past five (5) calendar years as required by Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act and/or Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act and Sections 6B and 6C of this Code, including any information provided in lieu of the reports under Section 6B and 6C above; |
e) | A list of all persons, currently or within the past five (5) calendar years who are or were required to make reports pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act and/or Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act and Sections 6B and 6C above, or who were responsible for reviewing those reports, together with an appropriate description of their title or employment; |
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f) | A copy of each report made by the Firm’s CCO pursuant to Section 6E above during the current year and the past five (5) calendar years; |
g) | A record of any decision made during the current year and the past five (5) calendar years by the Firm’s CCO, and the reasons supporting each decision, to grant prior approval pursuant to Sections 5A and 5B above for acquisition by an Access Person of securities in an IPO or a Private Placement transaction; |
h) | The Virtus Investment Partners Inc. Corporate Compliance Department (or at its direction, another Firm CCO) is responsible for administration of all aspects of this Code with respect to those individuals designated as Affiliated Officers by providing written affirmation that the provisions of this Code were upheld and that these Affiliated Officers were or were not in compliance with the Code and/or providing any required records to the applicable Firm (or other affiliate) CCO. |
i) | As required by enhanced recordkeeping requirements under Rule 204-2 of the Adviser Act, records related to political contributions made by the Firm and its Covered Associates are specified in Virtus Pay to Play Policy. |
9. Sanctions
Upon discovering a violation of this Code, the Parent of the Firm or if applicable the Funds Board of Directors, besides any remedial action already taken by the respective adviser or related entity, may impose sanctions as it deems appropriate (see under separate cover the currently imposed sanctions), including, among other things, a letter of censure or suspension or termination of employment, or suspension of personal trading privileges for such period as it may deem appropriate.
Any profits realized by a Portfolio Manager or Advisory Person on a personal trade in violation of Section 5E (Blackout Rule) must be disgorged. In addition, the Firm’s CCO may direct any Supervised Person to disgorge any profit realized (or loss avoided) on a personal trade in violation of this Code.
10. | Exceptions |
The Firm’s CCO may grant written exceptions (aka “waivers”) to provisions of the Code based on equitable considerations. The exceptions may be granted to individuals or classes of individuals with respect to particular transactions, classes of transactions or all transactions, and may apply to past as well as future transactions.
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However, no exception will be granted when it would result in a violation of Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act. Exceptions granted are reported to the Directors of the Firm, as well as the Boards of any managed Fund. Extensions to reporting deadlines that are not exceptions or waivers are reported only to the Virtus Corporate CCO.
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Appendix
Additional requirements for Euclid Advisors LLC, Newfleet Asset Management, LLC, Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc., Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc., VP Distributors, LLC and Zweig Advisers LLC are as follows:
· | All Supervised Persons of the above Firms are subject to the same requirements as Access Persons as indicated in Section 4. “Disclosure of Personal Brokerage Accounts”, Section 6. “Reporting & Compliance Requirements” (Sections: 6A, 6B, and 6C) and Section 7. “401(k) Accounts and the Requirements of the Code” (Sections: 7A and 7C – 7E). Specifically the term “Access Person(s)” as used in those sections is hereby replaced with the term “Access Person(s) and Supervised Person(s)”. |
Additional requirements for Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC (“KAR”) are as follows:
· | All KAR employees are considered Access Persons. KAR employees are permitted to buy or sell exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) without receiving pre-clearance from Compliance. However, all ETF transactions should be included on the quarterly personal trade certifications. |
· | KAR employees follow the policy on gifts and entertainment discussed below. However, any KAR employee who is registered with VP Distributors, LLC will follow the gift and entertainment policy in Section 5 (g) of this Code of Ethics. |
o | A conflict of interest occurs when the personal interests of employees interfere or could potentially interfere with their responsibilities to the firm and its clients. Supervised Persons should not accept inappropriate gifts, favors, entertainment, special accommodations, or other things of material value that could influence their decision-making or make them feel beholden to a person or firm. Supervised Persons should not offer gifts, favors, entertainment, or other things of value that could be viewed as overly generous or aimed at influencing decision-making or making a client feel beholden to the firm or the supervised person. |
o | Gifts: No Supervised Person may receive any gift, services, or other things of more than a $175.00 value per year from any person or entity that does business with or on behalf of KAR, without pre-approval by the Chief Compliance Officer or Chief Operating Officer. No Supervised Person may give or offer any gift of more than a $175.00 value per year to existing clients, prospective clients, or any entity that does business with or on behalf of the adviser without pre-approval by the Chief Compliance Officer or the Chief Operating Officer. Compliance will maintain a Gift Log of all gifts over $175 given or received from by any KAR employees, which are not broker/dealer related. The Gift Log will include: employee name, type of gift, dollar amount of gift, and sender of the gift. In |
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addition, Compliance will maintain a Gift Log of all gifts over $100 given or received by any broker/dealer. The broker/dealer Gift Log will include: employee name, type of gift, dollar amount of gift, and broker who sent the gift. |
o | Cash: No Supervised Person may give or accept cash gifts or cash equivalents to or from a client, prospective client, or any entity that does business with or on behalf of KAR without approval from the Chief Compliance Officer. |
o | Entertainment: No Supervised Person may provide or accept extravagant or excessive entertainment to or from a client, prospective client, or any person or entity that does or seeks to do business with or on behalf of KAR. Supervised Persons may provide or accept a business entertainment event, such as dinner or a sporting event. |
· | Additional requirement for Access Persons of Cliffwater Investments LLC (“Cliffwater”) are as follows: Preclearance and Holding Period Rule: It is understood that Cliffwater does not as a general practice maintain trading operations for its clients; nor does it complete research, consider or recommend transactions on individual securities. Therefore, as long as this is the case, Cliffwater Access Persons shall not be required to preclear transactions as required by Sections 5.C. and 5.D. Rather, Cliffwater Access Persons will be required to preclear any security that is listed on the Cliffwater Restricted List. The Restricted List shall be maintained in Virtus’s Hartford Compliance Department and circulated to Cliffwater Access Persons whenever there are changes made thereto, or no less than quarterly. Cliffwater Access Persons shall be subject to all other requirements of this Code of Ethics. Furthermore, Section 5.F is modified to reflect that Cliffwater’s Access Persons must hold all Reportable Securities for no less than thirty (30) days, whether or not the purchase was an exempt transaction under any other provision of Section 5. Generally, a first-in first-out (“FIFO”) accounting methodology will be applied for determining compliance with this holding rule. |
· | Additional requirement for Access Persons of Newfound Investments LLC (“Newfound”) are as follows: Preclearance and Holding Period Rule: It is understood that Newfound’s research and trades are in a limited and predictable universe of securities. Therefore, as long as this is the case, Newfound Access Persons shall not be required to preclear transactions as required by Sections 5.C. and 5.D. Rather, Newfound Access Persons will be required to preclear any security that is listed on the Newfound Restricted List. The Restricted List shall be maintained in Virtus’s Hartford Compliance Department and circulated to Newfound Access Persons whenever there are changes made thereto, or no less than quarterly. Newfound Access Persons shall be subject to all other requirements of this Code of Ethics. Furthermore, Section 5.F shall continue to apply to all purchases such that Newfound’s Access Persons must hold all Reportable Securities for no less than sixty (60) days, whether or not the purchase was an exempt transaction under any other provision of Section 5. Generally, a first-in first-out (“FIFO”) accounting methodology will be applied for determining compliance with this holding rule. |
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Schedule A
On October 1, 2012, the following entities adopted this Code of Ethics:
Euclid Advisors LLC
Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co.
Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC
Newfleet Asset Management, LLC
Rampart Investment Management Company, LLC
Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc.
Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc.
VP Distributors, LLC
Zweig Advisers LLC
On October 4, 2012, the following entity adopted this Code of Ethics: |
Newfound Investments, LLC |
On January 22, 2014, the following entity adopted this Code of Ethics: |
Cliffwater Investments LLC |
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Schedule B
Listing of Affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds
Section 3.E. of the Code of Ethics adopted by Virtus and its affiliates defines an “Affiliated Open-End Mutual Fund” to mean any open-end mutual fund to which the Firm or its control affiliate(s) serve as the investment adviser or principal underwriter. Currently, this means all open-end (non-exchange traded) funds managed by Virtus and its affiliates. Such funds are listed below:
· | Virtus Mutual Funds (all funds) |
· | Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (all funds) |
· | Dunham Corporate / Government Bond Fund |
· | Dreyfus Select Managers Small Cap Value Fund |
· | UBS Pace Small Medium Co Value Equity Investment |
· | Dunham Floating Rate Bond Fund |
· | SunAmerica Flexible Credit Fund |
This Schedule will be updated from time to time without being considered an amendment to the Code of Ethics).
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Exhibit 99.(p).14
SECTION 1
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT AND OVERSIGHT
AVIVA INVESTORS AMERICAS LLC (“AIA” or “Firm”) manages assets for its clients as an investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In this role, AIA and its employees are fiduciaries and owe clients the utmost duty of care and loyalty. AIA expects all employees, independent contractors and any other persons deemed to be subject to AIA’s supervision (collectively, “Covered Persons”) to demonstrate the highest standards of conduct for continued employment or engagement with AIA. Covered Persons must act at all times with integrity, in a manner that upholds the best interests of clients and in accordance with regulatory requirements and these policies and procedure (“Policies and Procedures”).
These Policies and Procedures provide guidance regarding the:
§ | Standards of conduct that apply while employed or engaged by AIA; |
§ | Practices and procedures that have been implemented by AIA; and |
§ | Framework for oversight and supervision within AIA for compliance with federal securities regulation and other applicable law. |
Covered Persons are urged to seek the advice of AIA’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) or another member of the compliance staff for any questions about these Policies and Procedures or how they apply to individual circumstances. Covered Persons should also understand that compliance with the Policies and Procedures is a high priority and that failure to abide by our Policies and Procedures may expose AIA and/or you to significant consequences, including disciplinary action, termination, regulatory sanctions and/or civil and criminal penalties.
A. | STANDARDS OF CONDUCT / CONFLICTS OF INTEREST |
These Policies and Procedures are designed to establish standards of behavior and implement controls that reduce conflicts of interest and promote fair and equitable treatment of clients. It is the responsibility of each Covered Person to:
§ | Understand and operate in keeping with fiduciary standards; |
§ | Place the interests of clients first, before those of AIA and before your own personal interests or gain; |
§ | Avoid conflicts of interest in the course of serving clients, |
§ | Act in accordance with internal procedures, and |
§ | Report inappropriate actions and violations, whether perceived or actual, to the CCO or another member of the Compliance department, in a timely manner. |
B. | REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS |
AIA, as an investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), is subject to numerous rules and regulations, most notably those under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”). To help ensure compliance with federal securities regulations, these Policies and Procedures are designed to prevent and detect violations of regulatory requirements in keeping with, among others, Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act. This rule requires that each SEC registered adviser:
§ | Adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent and detect violations of Federal securities law by the adviser and its supervised persons; |
§ | Review at least annually, the adequacy and effectiveness of the policies and procedures; |
AIA Policies and Procedures | 1 |
§ | Designate a chief compliance officer who is responsible for administering the policies and procedures; and |
§ | Maintain records of the policies and procedures and annual reviews conducted to determine their effectiveness. |
Elements of AIA’s compliance program include the designation of a chief compliance officer, adoption and annual reviews of these Policies and Procedures, training, and recordkeeping. The Policies and Procedures are updated on a periodic basis to be current with our business practices and regulatory requirements.
C. | FRAMEWORK FOR OVERSIGHT AND SUPERVISION |
Each Covered Person is charged with knowing, understanding and abiding by these Policies and Procedures. Management is responsible for setting a culture of compliance at AIA and for ensuring adherence to these Policies and Procedures across the organization. As an affiliate of Aviva plc and its family of affiliated firms, AIA reports through various corporate structures and organizations for purposes of oversight and supervision.
D. | RESPONSIBILITY FOR POLICIES AND PROCEDURES |
The applicable business line is responsible for implementation of the Policies and Procedures that apply to their business area. The CCO or his/her designee is responsible for updates to these Policies and Procedures and for implementation and execution of a program for oversight on a regular basis.
E. | AMENDMENTS |
These Policies and Procedures may be amended from time to time.
F. | MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS |
AIA’s Legal and Compliance Department shall maintain and preserve a written copy of these Policies and Procedures and any amendments.
Dated: September 1, 2012 Updated: March 28, 2014 |
AIA Policies and Procedures | 2 |
SECTION 2
CODE OF ETHICS AND INSIDER TRADING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
This Code of Ethics (“Code”) establishes rules of conduct for all Covered Persons and is designed to, among other things, govern personal securities trading in the accounts of Covered Persons, immediate family/household accounts and accounts in which a Covered Person has a beneficial interest. This Code is based on the principle that AIA and its Covered Persons owe a fiduciary duty to AIA’s clients to conduct their affairs in such a manner as to avoid serving their own personal interests ahead of clients, taking inappropriate advantage of their position with the firm, and any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of their position of trust and responsibility.
The Code is designed to ensure that the high ethical standards maintained by AIA continue to be applied and is designed to comply with Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act. The purpose of the Code is to preclude activities which may lead or give the appearance of conflicts of interest, insider trading, and other forms of prohibited or unethical business practices. The Code is divided into three sections: A) Prohibition Against Insider Trading; B) Personal Securities Transactions; and C) Other Policies including Gifts and Outside Employment.
A. | PROHIBITION AGAINST INSIDER TRADING |
1) | Introduction |
Trading securities while in possession of material nonpublic information or improperly communicating that information to others is illegal and may expose AIA and Covered Persons to severe regulatory, civil and criminal penalties. A person may be subject to significant penalties even if he or she does not personally benefit from the information. The criminal penalties for engaging in insider trading can be severe, including fines and meaningful jail time. Insider trading cases have been a high priority for prosecutors, a recent example being the case of Galleon founder Raj Rajaratnam, who was sentenced to 11 years in jail, fined $10 million and forfeited $53.8 million for trading on inside information. In addition to potential criminal liability, the SEC can also recover the profits gained or losses avoided through the illegal trading, impose a penalty of up to three times the illicit windfall, and/or issue an order permanently barring you from the securities industry. Finally, Covered Persons and AIA may also be sued by investors seeking to recover damages for insider trading violations.
The law of insider trading is continuously developing. You may, at some point, be uncertain about the application of the insider trading or other rules contained in this Code. Often, a single question can avoid disciplinary action or complex legal problems. Contact AIA’s CCO if you have any questions about this Policy or if you have any reason to believe that a violation of this Code has occurred or is about to occur.
2) | General Policy |
Covered Persons may not pursue any benefit from non-public information including trading, either personally or on behalf of others (including AIA-managed accounts), while in possession of material, non-public information. Covered Persons also may not communicate material, non-public information to others.
What is Material Information?
Information is material when there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his or her investment decision. Generally, this includes any information that will have a substantial effect on the price of an issuer’s securities. Material information does not need to only relate to a company’s business. The SEC’s position is that material non-public information relates not only to issuers, but also, among other things, to AIA’s securities recommendations and client securities holdings and transactions.
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material non-public information relates not only to issuers, but also, among other things, to AIA’s securities recommendations and client securities holdings and transactions.
What is “Inside” or “Non-Public Information?
“Inside information” is non-public information that has not been disseminated or communicated publicly in writing, by release to the media or delivered through other appropriate means of communication, including but not limited to, a news service, a national newspaper or a filing of corporate disclosure documents, such as a prospectus, proxy statement, or Form 10K/10Q. Inside information may involve information about a security or issuer of publicly-held securities from an internal or external source that is material to a determination as to whether to buy, sell or hold the security. For example, AIA employees may receive information about a publicly traded company while engaged in the private placement of that company's securities, its lending activities or other business activities. AIA may also receive non-public information in connection with private fixed income as well as other transactions and must take measures to safeguard this information. Safeguards may include “Chinese Wall” procedures to thwart access to non-public information
Identifying Inside Information
Before executing any trade for yourself or others, including funds or segregated accounts managed by AIA (Client Accounts”), you must determine whether you have access to material, non-public information. If you think that you might have access to material, nonpublic information, take the following steps:
· | Report the information and proposed trade immediately to the CCO or his/her designee; |
· | Do not purchase or sell the securities on behalf of yourself or others, including Client Accounts; |
· | Do not communicate the information inside or outside the firm, other than to compliance; |
· | After compliance has reviewed the issue, the firm will determine whether the information is material and nonpublic, and if so, what action the firm will take. |
Contacts with Public Companies
Contacts with public companies may represent an important part of our research efforts. The Firm may make investment decisions on the basis of conclusions formed through such contacts and analysis of publicly available information. Difficult legal issues arise, however, when in the course of these contacts, Covered Persons become aware of material, non-public information. In such situations, AIA must make a judgment as to its further conduct. To protect yourself, clients, and the firm, you should contact compliance immediately if you believe that you may have received material, non-public information.
Tender Offers
Tender offers represent a particular concern in the law of insider trading for two reasons: first, tender offer activity often produces fluctuations in the price of the target company’s securities. Second, the SEC has adopted a rule which expressly forbids trading and “tipping” while in possession of material nonpublic information regarding a tender offer received from the tender offeror, the target company or anyone acting on behalf of either. Persons subject to this Code should exercise extreme caution any time they become aware of nonpublic information relating to a tender offer.
Restricted/Watch Lists
AIA takes appropriate steps to establish restricted or watch lists for securities for which it has received material confidential information. Covered Persons are prohibited from purchasing, selling or exchanging securities on the restricted or watch list personally or in any Client Account.
AIA Policies and Procedures | 4 |
B. | PERSONAL SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS |
Persons employed in the financial services industry are subject to regulatory restrictions on the purchase and sale of securities for their own accounts. AIA allows Covered Persons to maintain brokerage accounts and trade Covered Securities (defined below) provided such trading in the accounts is consistent with AIA’s fiduciary duty to its clients and is consistent with regulatory requirements. As part of its obligations under the securities laws, AIA is required to maintain information about the personal securities trading activity of its personnel. These restrictions and reporting requirements are imposed by the SEC and other regulators on the assumption that industry employees have a greater opportunity for access to material nonpublic information than do employees in other types of businesses, and, therefore, a greater potential to misuse that information.
1) | Covered Persons |
For purposes of this Code, in addition to AIA employees and independent contractors, categories of Covered Persons subject to the limitations on personal securities transactions in this Code include:
Non-Officer Directors - those persons who sit on AIA’s Board of Directors but are not employees. By virtue of their position, Non-Officer Directors are deemed by regulation to be Access Persons. Non-Officer Directors are generally not subject to the pre-clearance requirements of the Code, but are subject to its reporting requirements.
Related Persons generally include persons or accounts with a personal or financial relationship with an AIA Covered Person. The term also includes:
§ | Accounts in your name, in whole or part, including any joint account, family account and self-directed account, that hold securities; |
§ | Accounts in the name of your spouse, domestic partner, and minor children living in your household; |
§ | Accounts of any other member of your household for which you exercise control or substantial influence; |
§ | Accounts of any other relatives of you, your spouse, or domestic partner for which you exercise control or substantial influence; |
§ | Trust accounts and similar arrangements for which you act as trustee or otherwise exercise substantial influence, such as UGMA/UTMA accounts for your children; |
§ | Trust accounts and similar arrangements which benefit you directly or indirectly (but excluding accounts for which you do not substantially influence investment policy or other decisions, directly or indirectly); |
§ | Corporate accounts controlled, directly or indirectly, by you, such as corporate pension, benefit or investment accounts; and |
§ | Accounts in the name of unrelated third parties, such as a civic or religious organization or investment clubs, if you make investment decisions for those accounts. |
Under the federal securities laws, relationships or accounts that fall into these categories are “Related Persons” and are subject to the same restrictions on trading as AIA Covered Persons. You are responsible for insuring that your Related Persons comply with the provisions of the Code.
2) | Covered Securities and Prohibited Transactions |
Covered Securities
This Code applies to all securities (both stocks and bonds), whether held long or short, and whether publicly or privately traded (“Covered Securities”), including but not limited to:
§ | Initial and secondary public offerings, |
§ | Private placement and limited offerings, including hedge funds, |
AIA Policies and Procedures | 5 |
§ | Interests in registered investment companies for which AIA or an AIA affiliate provide advisory services, |
§ | Closed-ended funds, |
§ | Exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) other than those based on a broad index, |
§ | Purchases made as part of a voluntary tender election, and |
§ | Any option, future, forward contract or other obligation involving a security or index of securities, including an instrument for which value is derived or based on any of the above. 1 |
Securities Not Covered
The preclearance requirements of this Code do not apply to the following types of securities (“Non-Covered Securities”), although the reporting requirements continue to apply to the Non-Covered Securities if held in a brokerage account:
§ | Direct obligations of the Government of the United States (U.S. treasury bills, notes and bonds); |
§ | High quality (investment grade) debt instruments with a remaining term to maturity of one year or less; |
§ | Money market instruments, such as certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, repurchase agreements, and commercial paper |
§ | Shares of open-end registered investment companies (i.e., mutual funds) not advised by AIA or an AIA affiliate; |
§ | Shares of unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds (none of which are managed by AIA or its affiliates) |
§ | Physical commodities (including foreign currencies) or any derivatives thereof; or |
§ | Sales made pursuant to odd lot tender offers where acceptance of the tender is discretionary on the part of the issuer. Purchases made as part of an odd lot tender election are subject to the Code (see “ Exceptions and Exemptions to the Pre-Clearance Requirement ” below). |
Pre-Clearance of Transactions
Transactions in Covered Securities by Covered Persons (other than Non-Officer Directors) must be approved in advance by the Compliance Department as outlined below and executed in accordance with the pre-clearance procedures contained in this Code. Each approval, unless otherwise indicated, shall be effective for one trading day after approval is granted. These preclearance requirements apply to all direct or indirect acquisitions or sales of Covered Securities, whether by purchase, sale, tender, stock purchase plan, gift, inheritance, or otherwise. Certain exceptions to this requirement are set forth below. Non-Officer Directors are required to receive approval prior to purchasing initial and secondary public offerings and private placements.
Clearance to trade is effective until the close of business on the day following the day on which clearance to trade is obtained. Open orders including stop loss orders, are generally not allowed, due to the short pre-clearance effective period (unless such orders are terminated within the allotted time span). It is necessary to repeat the pre-clearance process for transactions not executed within the pre-clearance effective period.
One Day Window . No personal securities transaction will be pre-cleared if there was a transaction in the Covered Security by AIA on behalf of any Client Account on the day and up to the time of the request for pre-clearance or on the previous business day.
1 Trading in put and call options, or short sales of securities, may raise unique issues. If the purchases or sale requires pre-clearance under the Code, it is highly likely that the closing of such positions also will require pre-clearance. In some circumstances, closing such a position may not be approved, and you could sustain losses.
AIA Policies and Procedures | 6 |
Five Day Trading Window . No sales or purchase of a Covered Security is authorized within a period of 5 business days before or after AIA has purchased or sold the Covered Security on behalf of a Client Account (See Mandatory Black Out Period.)
Thirty-Day Rule . Any transaction, in which a Covered Person engages, whether in a Covered or Non-covered Security, requires a 30 day holding period, except in the instance of money market open-end registered investment companies (i.e., money market funds). Pre-clearance for the purchase and/or sale of a Covered or Non-covered Security will not be granted unless the Covered Person has held the Covered Security for at least 30 days.
Covered Persons (excluding non-officer directors) shall disgorge any profits realized in the purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the same or equivalent Non-Covered or Covered Securities within 30 calendar days, provided, however, that such a sale shall be permitted in the event of unusual circumstances (e.g., an unanticipated hardship) if the prior written consent of the CCO is obtained. A record of this consent shall be kept for five years. This Thirty-Day Rule is put in place to indicate AIA’s strong encouragement that its Covered Persons engage in investment activities in lieu of trading activities.
Pre-Clearance for Participation in IPOs . No Covered Person, including Non-Officer Directors, shall acquire any beneficial ownership in any securities in an initial or secondary public offering for his or her account without the CCO’s prior written approval, after providing full details of the proposed transaction, including written certification that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of the Covered Person’s activities on behalf of a client, and, if approved, will be subject to continuous monitoring for possible future conflicts. In deciding whether that approval should be granted, consideration will be given to whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for clients and whether the opportunity has been offered because of the person’s relationship with AIA or its clients.
Pre-Clearance for Private or Limited Offerings . No Covered Person, including Non-Officer Directors, shall acquire any beneficial ownership in any securities in a private or limited offering for his or her account without the CCO’s prior written approval, after providing full details of the proposed transaction, including written certification that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of the Covered Person’s activities on behalf of a client, and, if approved, will be subject to continuous monitoring for possible future conflicts. In deciding whether that approval should be granted, consideration will be given to whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for clients and whether the opportunity has been offered because of the person’s relationship with AIA or its clients.
Additional Trading Restrictions for Non-Officer Directors . It is AIA’s general policy not to communicate specific trading information and/or advice on specific issuers to Non-Officer Directors (i.e., no information should generally be given on securities for which current activity is being considered for Accounts). Since Non-Officer Directors generally have limited access to specific trading information, Non-Officer Directors are generally not be bound by the Pre-Clearance requirements section of the Code, except as discussed above.
However, if a Non-Officer Director receives specific trading information about a Covered Security being considered or being purchased or sold in a Client Account, (i) the security on which trading information is communicated or obtained shall be deemed to be a “Designated Security,” (ii) the Non-Officer Director shall have restrictions on trading in such Designated Security as described below and (iii) the CCO or his/her designee shall provide written notice to the Non-Officer Director notifying the director that he or she has received current trading information with respect to such Designated Security and that the Non-Resident Director shall be subject to the pre-clearance procedures and prohibited transaction provisions of this Code with respect to such Designated Security for the period of time stated in the written notice. The written notice to a Non-Officer Director will state the length of time that the security shall be deemed by the CCO or his/her designee to be a Designated Security. The CCO will determine
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an appropriate length of time based on the nature of the trading information shared with the Non-Officer Director.
Exceptions and Exemptions to the Pre-Clearance Requirement
The pre-clearance provisions of the Code shall not apply to the following categories of transactions, although transactions must still be reported and statements reflecting the transactions provided to Compliance:
§ | The acquisition of securities through stock dividends, dividend reinvestments, stock splits, reverse stock splits, mergers, consolidations, spin-offs, or other similar corporate reorganizations or distributions generally applicable to all holders of the same class of securities; |
§ | Purchases or sales effected in any account over which the persons subject to this Code have no direct or indirect influence, control or discretion provided sufficient documentation has been provided to Compliance regarding the non-discretionary nature of the account; |
§ | Exercise of an option or a single transaction to satisfy an option obligation, as long as the original option transaction was properly pre-cleared. Sales made pursuant to odd lot tender offers where acceptance of the tender is discretionary on the part of the issuer. Purchases made as part of an odd lot tender election are subject to the Code; |
§ | Purchases affected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of securities to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired; |
§ | Purchases made as part of a 529 Plan. Rebalancing of investment alternatives in a 529 Plan, which can occur only once a year, also are exempt; |
§ | Regularly scheduled and matching contributions to and withdrawals from a mutual fund or collective trust in a benefit plan; |
§ | Periodic purchases and reinvestments in and withdrawals from a dividend reinvestment plan when the transactions are not subject to the discretion of the buyer or seller (in other words, the transactions are periodic and automatic, and require no decision on the part of the buyer or seller); |
§ | Acquisition of securities by gift or inheritance, although transactions in such securities after their acquisition are covered; |
§ | Bona fide gifts of securities by you, unless you have reason to believe the recipient intends to sell the securities while possessing Material Nonpublic Information; |
§ | Bona fide gifts of securities received by you; |
§ | Acceptance or vesting and any related stock withholding (for so-called “cashless exercises”) of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, phantom stock units or other grants issued under incentive compensation plans; |
§ | Derivative transactions whose underlying value is based on an index; |
§ | Annual rebalancing in an Aviva Investors 401(k) plan; and |
§ | Changes in allocations to an existing Aviva Investors 401(k) plan. |
Prohibited Transactions
Transactions with Clients . No Covered Person shall sell to or purchase from a client or Client Account any security or other property except securities issued by that client.
Pending Orders . No Covered Person (excluding Non-Officer Directors) may engage in a transaction in a Covered Security when there is a known buy or sell order pending for a Client Account in that same security. The existence of pending orders is to be reviewed as part of the pre-clearance process referenced above.
Conflicting Transactions . No Covered Person shall purchase or sell for his or her own personal account and benefit, or for the account and benefit of any Related Person, any security that the person knows or has reason to believe is being purchased or sold or considered for purchase or sale for a Client Account,
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until the client’s transactions have been completed or consideration of such transactions has been abandoned.
Short Sales. Any Covered Person (excluding Non-Officer Directors) who sells a Covered Security short that is known to be held long by any Client Account is to disgorge any profit realized on such transaction. This prohibition shall not apply to securities indices or derivatives thereof (such as futures contracts on the S&P 500 Index). Client ownership of Covered Securities is reviewed as part of the pre-clearance process referenced above.
Uncovered Calls . Sales of uncovered call options are not permitted by Covered Persons (other than Non-Officer Directors).
Short-Term Trading . No Covered Person (except Non-Resident Directors) may profit from the purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the same (or equivalent) Securities, within 30 days if the same (or equivalent) securities have been held by a Client during such 30-day period. Any profit so realized will be required to be donated to a charitable organization selected by the Person who engaged in such short-term trading.
Mandatory Blackout Periods . All Covered Persons (except Non-Resident Directors) are prohibited from purchasing or selling any Covered Security within five (5) business days before, the day of, or five (5) business days after any Client Account has traded in the same (or a related) security. In the event that a Covered Person makes a prohibited purchase or sale within a blackout period, Compliance, at its discretion, will review the transaction on a case-by-case basis to determine if further action should be taken. Such actions may include that the Covered Person must unwind the transaction and any gain from the transaction will be disgorged to a bona fide charity, fines, suspension of trading privileges, and/or termination of employment.
AIA reserves the right to impose other trading blackouts from time to time on specified groups of its personnel, agents or consultants when, in the judgment of the Chief Compliance Officer, a blackout period is warranted. The Compliance Department will notify those affected by such a blackout of when the blackout begins and when it ends. Those affected should not disclose to others the fact of such trading suspension.
3) | Disclosure of Personal Securities Holdings and Certification |
Each Covered Person is required to certify at the time of joining AIA and subsequently, when there are material changes, that:
i. | he or she has read and understands the Code, | |
ii. | recognizes that he or she is subject to the Code, and | |
iii. |
he or she has disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported
under the Code. |
The initial certification must be made no later than 10 business days after starting employment or affiliation with AIA and information provided must be as of a date no earlier than 45 days before the date of employment or affiliation. Covered Persons are also required to certify quarterly and annually that they have reported all securities transactions and accounts, and certain other information. Annual and quarterly certifications are to be submitted within thirty days after the end of the reporting period.
Holdings Information
The certifications must contain the following Securities holdings information:
· | the title, type and number of shares, or principal amount, interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), and ticker symbol or CUSIP number of each security held beneficially; |
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· | the name of any broker, dealer, bank or custodian with or through which a personal account is maintained in which the person has a beneficial interest, along with the corresponding account number. A personal account means any account maintained at a broker-dealer or bank in which a Covered Person has Beneficial Ownership. For example, a Personal Account would include any brokerage account maintained by a Covered Person, spouse or household member at Merrill Lynch, TD Ameritrade or at any other discount or full-service broker; and |
· | the date the report is submitted. |
Ongoing Reporting of Personal Securities Transactions
Each Access Person and Affiliated Person shall:
i. | as noted above, identify to AIA any brokerage or other account, including accounts of Related Persons; and | |
ii. | authorize AIA to instruct the broker or custodian to deliver to the Compliance Department duplicate confirmations of all transactions and duplicate monthly statements. You are responsible for ensuring initially that the Compliance Department receives these confirmations and statements and for following up subsequently if the Compliance Department notifies you that they are not being received. The Compliance Department may require you to close an account if your broker fails to provide periodic confirmations or account statements on a timely basis. | |
iii. | provide securities reports and other certifications as indicated, i.e.,, initially within ten days of employment and quarterly and annually thereafter. |
AIA may impose a range of penalties for violations of the Personal Securities Trading provisions of the Code, including required certifications. Those penalties may range from a letter of reprimand to disgorgement of profits to suspension of trading privileges to termination of employment. Violations of the Code are reported to the Covered Person’s management, Human Resources, and , if appropriate, AIA’s senior management (“Senior Management”).
4) | Hardships |
Under unusual circumstances, such as a personal financial emergency, application for an exemption to make a transaction may be made to the Chief Compliance Officer, which application may be denied or granted. To request consideration of an exemption, submit a written request containing details of your circumstances, reasons for the exception and exception requested. A hardship exemption will not be granted after the fact.
The Chief Compliance Officer may, in unusual circumstances, approve exceptions from the Code applicable to an individual, based on the unique circumstances of such individual and based on a determination that the exceptions can be granted (i) consistent with the individual’s fiduciary obligations to Clients and (ii) pursuant to procedures that are reasonably designed to avoid a conflict of interest for the individual. Any such exceptions shall be subject to such additional procedures, reviews and reporting as determined appropriate by the Chief Compliance Officer in connection with granting such exception. Any such exceptions will be reported to Senior Management.
C. | OTHER POLICIES INCLUDING GIFTS AND OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT |
1) | Confidentiality |
Business relationships may require the exchange of confidential or sensitive information. Covered Persons have a responsibility to restrict the use of information of this nature and maintain confidentiality regarding proprietary information of AIA and its affiliates at all times. Covered Persons shall not use confidential information for purposes other than those permitted or approved by AIA or its affiliates, which typically means, the use of confidential information in a confidential manner while conducting
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business and providing services to clients. Access to confidential information about customers is to be restricted to those who have a need to know.
In the course of business, Covered Persons may have access to financial and other personal information about customers and employees. This information may be contained in documents, electronic systems, or shared verbally. All Covered Persons have an obligation to keep this information confidential and respect the privacy right of clients and employees. Also see AIA’s Privacy Policy under Section 18.
The confidential information of AIA and its affiliates includes, but is not limited to, all non-public and/or proprietary information (whether written or contained in an electronic medium), trade secrets, information regarding products or services, customer lists, business plans, expansion plans, investment-related data and strategies, operating results, financial condition, projections and assumptions, systems and systems development information, and information pertaining to any of the foregoing or to research, business development, marketing, purchasing, pricing and current and potential customers. Information which is confidential to AIA and its affiliates also includes any and all reports, analyses, copies, reproductions, summaries, notes, extracts or other information, regardless of the persons who prepared them, that is based on, contains or reflects any of the foregoing described confidential information. However, information is generally not considered confidential to AIA or its affiliates if the information is or becomes available to the public other than as result of an improper disclosure.
In the conduct of Company business, you must:
§ | Request and use only information that is related to our business needs. Such information should be revealed and discussed only within the scope of your job. |
§ | Restrict records access to persons with proper authorization and legitimate business needs. |
§ | Include only relevant and accurate data in files that are used as a basis for taking action or making business decisions. |
Observance of confidentiality is paramount to maintaining our credibility and the trust of our customers, the public, and our employees. Unauthorized or improper disclosure could be harmful and might result in liability for AIA. More importantly, success in our business depends on our customers’ and employees’ trust that we properly use information confided in us. Failure to maintain confidentiality is regarded as a serious issue that may result in consequences of significance. Any questions regarding disclosure of the above information should be directed to the CCO.
2) | Other Standards of Business Conduct |
In all dealings with customers and members of the public, generally, all Covered Persons must adhere to high standards of honesty and fair dealing. In particular, all Covered Persons must comply with the following limitations and prohibitions:
§ | No Covered Person will make false or misleading statements, or fail to state material facts in connection with securities transactions. |
§ | Covered Persons may not time personal security transactions to precede or follow client orders in the same security, thereby positioning the Covered Person to take unfair advantage of changes in market price. In no instance may personal securities transactions take precedence over client orders or be placed so as to gain an advantage over client transactions. |
§ | Personal activity in financial markets must be reasonable and in keeping with a Covered Person’s financial resources and personal financial or other activity must not interfere with the performance of the normal activities of a Covered Person’s position. |
§ | Covered Persons may become members of investment clubs (organizations whose members make joint decisions on which securities to buy or sell and where such securities are generally held in the name of the investment club). Covered Persons are required to obtain the written permission of AIA’s CCO prior to participation. Specific policies and procedures regarding |
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investment club participation are found within the personal trading policies and procedures below. |
§ | Covered Persons may not borrow money from any of AIA's suppliers or clients. However, the receipt of financing on customary terms in connection with the personal purchase of goods or services is not considered borrowing within the context of this prohibition. Supplier or client loans to Covered Persons must occur within the course of the conduct of ordinary business. |
§ | Covered Persons, while engaging in any outside activity, must not state or imply that they are acting as a representative of AIA without prior approval of the CCO. This includes testifying as an “expert witnesses”. |
§ | Employees and officers may not act in the capacity of a trustee, executor, administrator, conservator or guardian, other than with respect to assets of persons related to the employee or officer by blood or marriage, without approval of the CCO. |
§ | Covered Persons may not engage in any employment or business activity outside of employment with AIA which inappropriately interferes with normal business activities with AIA or creates (or holds potential to create) a conflict of interest with the interests of AIA or the responsibilities of the Covered Person or other persons at AIA. Covered Persons are to notify the CCO of all directorships and officerships with companies outside of AIA in advance of holding such positions and must notify the CCO of any outside employment or business activity which may interfere with such person’s normal business activities or which may create a conflict of interest with AIA. |
3) | Conflicts of Interest |
A conflict of interest results when the interests of a client or other party to whom AIA owes a fiduciary duty of loyalty and trust are jeopardized or conflict with those of AIA, its personnel or an internal or external party that holds, or seeks to exercise influence over the adviser or its personnel. For example, investment in a security by a Covered Person that represents an opportunity for investment for a client account is a conflict of interest. As described below, gifts and gratuities provided to AIA or its personnel may represent a conflict of interest. AIA Covered Persons are to avoid conflicts of interest to the extent possible and must seek to mitigate them. To that end, Covered Persons are encouraged to report and seek guidance from the CCO or members of the Compliance staff regarding conflicts.
4) | Gifts |
Providing or receiving gifts within a business context may give rise to an appearance of impropriety or raise a potential conflict of interest. As a general rule, Covered Persons are prohibited from accepting any gifts within a business context, however, gifts of strictly nominal value are allowed. These gifts include normal and customary business entertainment (e.g., business meals and entertainment where the person providing the entertainment is present) that is not "lavish," the cost of which would be paid for by AIA as a reasonable expense if not paid by the client. While "nominal value" and "lavish entertainment" are not precisely defined, any gift or entertainment is viewed as unacceptable if an independent third party may conclude that the Covered Person could be influenced to improperly favor the provider of the gift or gratuity over those to whom it owes a duty of fairness and impartiality. Gifts of an extraordinary or extravagant nature to a Covered Person are to be declined or returned in order to avoid compromising the operations or reputation of the Covered Person and AIA. These concepts apply to relationships between Covered Persons and any regulatory, industry group or others to whom AIA is obligated. Any activity that may be interpreted as an attempt at bribery is strictly prohibited.
AIA’s general policy is that Covered Person are not to, directly or indirectly, give or receive anything of value, including gratuities, in excess of one hundred dollars ($100) per individual per year to/from any person, principal, proprietor, employee, agent or representative when payment is made within the context of AIA’s business. All gifts and gratuities received or given by a Covered Person must be reported on AIA’s Gift and Entertainment disclosure through PTA Connect.
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5) | Gifts to Foreign Officials |
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) represented a response to a series of corporate bribery scandals involving foreign government officials. The FCPA establishes severe penalties for persons and companies found to have given improper gifts to foreign officials. As a result, AIA requires that all employees and agents avoid violations of the FCPA. Neither AIA, nor any employee or agent of AIA, may make, or offer to make, any payment, or give or offer to give, any gift or item of value, or provide remuneration, entertainment or other benefit to any foreign official except those involving the direct payment of nondiscretionary routine government actions. Examples of acceptable nondiscretionary routine government actions include: the issuance of permits, licenses or documents which allow one to do business in a foreign country. Before making any payment or providing anything of value to a foreign official, other than the routine processing of payments through the Finance Department, it is required that Covered Persons notify the CCO in advance in order to confirm that the payment or gift will not violate the FCPA. Further, AIA adheres to Aviva Financial Crime Standards, which require annual assessment of financial crime prevention practices, reporting of financial crime issues on a regional basis and escalation of issues involving financial crimes including fraud, bribery, corruption or market abuse (and AML) to Group Investigations and Financial Audit (GIFA).
6) | 1940 Act Requirements |
An investment manager to a U.S. registered investment company (“RIC”) is subject to the RIC’s code of ethics. Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act, which is similar to Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act, prohibits an investment adviser to a RIC and its affiliated persons from engaging in fraudulent or deceptive acts, directly or indirectly by the adviser or affiliated person, in connection with the purchase or sale of a security held or to be acquired by the investment company.
Rule 17j-1 also requires that every investment adviser to an investment company adopt a written code of ethics containing provisions reasonably necessary to prevent its “access persons” from engaging in conduct prohibited by the rule. An adviser’s code of ethics must be approved by the investment company’s board of directors before the adviser is initially retained and no later than six months after a material change to the code. At least annually, an adviser must provide the investment company’s board with a written report describing any issues that have arisen under the code of ethics since the last report and certifying that the adviser has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent access persons from violating the code.
Rule 17j-1 also requires that an access person submit an initial securities holdings report no later than 10 days after the person becomes an access person, quarterly transaction reports no later than 30 days after the end of a calendar quarter (or broker trade confirmations or account statements in lieu of such transaction reports), and annual holdings reports. Rule 17j-1 defines an “access person” as any officer, director, or general partner of the investment company’s adviser, as well as: (1) an employee “who, in connection with his or her regular duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information, regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities (as defined in Rule 17j-1) by a fund, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to the purchases or sales,” and (2) any natural person in a control relationship to the adviser who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the investment company with regard to the purchase or sale of covered securities. Non-interested directors (as such term is defined by Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) are excepted from the reporting requirements of Rule 17j-1 unless the director knew, or should have known, that during the 15-day period immediately before or after the director’s transaction in a covered security, the fund purchased, or the adviser considered purchasing or selling, the covered security. The required contents of holdings and transaction reports and exceptions to the reporting requirements of Rule 17j-1 are substantially the same as those of Rule 204A-1. AIA’s Code of Ethics is designed to comply with Rule 17j-1.
7) | Disqualified Persons |
Section 9 of the 1940 Act prohibits persons who have committed various acts from serving in certain capacities with respect to RICs. Under Section 9(a), an “ineligible person” generally cannot serve in the
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following capacities with respect to a RIC: employee, officer, trustee, member of advisory board, investment adviser, or principal underwriter (each a “Fund Position.”)
Section 9(a) defines four situations that disqualify persons or entities from service on behalf of a RIC:
1. | Persons convicted within the last ten years of infractions that are tied to certain securities transactions or employment in the securities field. |
2. | Persons with permanent or temporary injunctions involving actions in certain capacities in the securities arena. |
3. | Companies with an affiliated person who is ineligible under the first two items above. |
4. | Persons who are subject to an SEC order declaring them ineligible for service to a RIC under Section 9. |
Where AIA is an investment manager to a RIC, AIA Compliance is responsible for monitoring compliance with disqualified persons’ requirements for its employees. AIA Compliance will also report to Senior Management when AIA seeks to employ a disqualified person.
D. | PENALTIES FOR TRADING VIOLATIONS |
Violations of the Code of Ethics may result in disciplinary action based on the perceived severity of the issue. The table below presents specific penalties with certain Code violations. However, extenuating circumstances may result in modifications to the indicated penalties.
CODE VIOLATION | PENALTY |
Insider Trading |
Up to termination after review of facts and circumstances
|
Personal Securities Transactions
-
Failure to pre-clear personal
-
Failure to adhere to personal
-
Failure to complete quarterly
Note: Required reports are time
|
1 st violation - written warning maintained in Compliance files
2 nd violation - $100 fine donated to a charity of AIA’s choice and a written warning included in the personnel file.
3 rd violation - $250 fine donated to a charity of AIA’s choice and a written warning included in the personnel file.
Additional sanctions also may be imposed including censures, monetary fines, disgorgement of profits, temporary suspensions of trading rights or other limitations regarding a Covered Person’s authority to trade, negative reflection on individual risk assessments, termination of employment or other penalty determined by the CCO in consultation with Senior Management.
Note: Subsequent consecutive violations may result in actions, additional warnings or more stringent penalties depending upon the frequency and severity of the violation and other factors. |
E. | REVIEW AND RECORDKEEPING |
The Compliance Department shall review all documents required to be submitted under this Code, and all materials required under the Code and the Advisers Act, including pre-approvals, account statements and other Code materials shall be kept in the department’s files and maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place. The
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CCO shall report to Senior Management on a regular basis any material violations of the Code, and, at least yearly, shall report on the efficacy of the Code, together with any recommendations for changes in the Code.
The CCO is to ensure that Code reporting records are maintained for five years (the first two years on-site) including:
§ | Initial holdings reports |
§ | Personal trading and other reports |
§ | Copies of the Code of Ethics currently in effect and any that have been in effect within the past five years |
§ | Record of any violation of the Code of Ethics and of any action taken as a result of the violation |
§ | Written acknowledgements of the Code of Ethics from each person who is currently or within the past five years, was a Covered Person |
§ | A list of persons who are currently or, within the past five years, were Access Persons |
§ | All records documenting the annual review of the Code of Ethics |
§ | All records of pre-clearance requests and the responses. |
F. | RESPONSIBILITY FOR POLICY |
The Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) of AIA, or his/her designee, is responsible for implementing and monitoring this Policy and for implementation and execution of a program for oversight on a regular basis.
Dated: September 1, 2012 Updated: March 28, 2014 |
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