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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___ to ___
Commission File Number: 001-36316
AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware46-4007249
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)(IRS Employer Identification Number)
One Washington Square
510-530 Walnut Street, Suite 1350
Philadelphia, PA 19106
(Address of principal executive offices)
(267) 317-9139
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per shareAGFSThe NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒
Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes x No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of October 26, 2022 was 53,043,851.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page


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Table of Contents
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value amounts)

 September 30,
2022		December 31,
2021
ASSETS  
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$35,647$61,930
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,825 and $2,143, respectively
60,49153,538
Inventories24,75719,780
Other current assets23,19319,878
Total Current Assets144,088155,126
Property and equipment, net10,96811,986
Intangible assets, net514,128546,652
Deferred income tax assets8,4457,392
Other assets11,30211,406
TOTAL ASSETS$688,931$732,562
LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable$12,382$16,969
Current portion of long-term debt3,1393,362 
Income taxes payable2,9992,382
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities30,92526,994
Total Current Liabilities49,44549,707
Long-term debt253,240254,194
Other noncurrent liabilities7,0616,256
Deferred income tax liabilities31,93334,833
Total Liabilities341,679344,990
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 20)
Temporary Equity:
Series B convertible preferred stock, par value $0.0001; 150 shares authorized and designated and 145 shares outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
158,398149,386
Redeemable non-controlling interest6,8777,787
Stockholders’ Equity:  
Common stock, par value $0.0001; 400,000 shares authorized, 53,705 and 53,080 shares issued and 53,044 and 52,418 outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
55
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001; 0.001 share authorized and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021
——
Treasury stock, par value $0.0001; 661 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021
(3,885)(3,885)
Additional paid-in capital512,645529,303
Accumulated deficit(273,901)(248,660)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(52,887)(46,364)
Total Stockholders' Equity181,977230,399
TOTAL LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$688,931$732,562

 See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3
Table of Contents
AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Net sales$47,764$49,178$113,405$110,094
Cost of sales (excluding amortization, shown separately below)15,55215,03536,76732,453
Gross profit32,21234,14376,63877,641
Research and development expenses3,1503,3299,08510,123
Selling, general and administrative expenses13,53712,28239,76339,453
Amortization of intangibles10,60610,83032,03232,092
Operating income (loss)4,9197,702(4,242)(4,027)
Other (expense) income(35)(299)47914,053
(Loss) gain on foreign currency exchange(3,299)(918)(9,373)436
Interest expense, net(5,664)(5,465)(15,703)(16,571)
(Loss) income before income taxes(4,079)1,020(28,839)(6,109)
Income taxes expense (benefit)535208(2,687)2,175
Net (loss) income including non-controlling interest(4,614)812(26,152)(8,284)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests(476)(182)(911)(441)
Net (loss) income attributable to AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.(4,138)994(25,241)(7,843)
Less: Dividends on convertible preferred stock6,6636,24819,63218,580
Net loss attributable to AgroFresh Solutions, Inc. common stockholders($10,801)($5,254)($44,873)($26,423)
Loss per share of common shares:
Basic($0.21)($0.10)($0.86)($0.51)
Diluted($0.21)($0.10)($0.86)($0.51)
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic52,400 51,583 52,077 51,323 
Diluted52,400 51,583 52,077 51,323 
 
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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Table of Contents
AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands)

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Net (loss) income($4,614)$812($26,152)($8,284)
Other comprehensive loss 
Foreign currency translation adjustments(5,298)(2,413)(6,523)(8,570)
Comprehensive loss, net of tax
($9,912)($1,601)($32,675)($16,854)
 
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)
(In thousands)

Preferred StockCommon StockTreasury StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmountSharesAmountAmount
Balances, December 31, 2021— $—53,080 $5($3,885)$529,303($248,660)($46,364)$230,399
Stock-based compensation— — — — — 3,228——3,228
Issuance of stock, net of forfeitures— — 741 — — ————
Shares withheld for taxes— — (116)— — (400)——(400)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan— — — — — 146——146
Convertible preferred dividend and accretion— — — — — (19,632)——(19,632)
Net loss attributable to AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.— — — — — —(25,241)—(25,241)
Comprehensive loss— — — — — ——(6,523)(6,523)
Balances, September 30, 2022— $—53,705 $5($3,885)$512,645($273,901)($52,887)$181,977


Preferred StockCommon StockTreasury StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmountSharesAmountAmount
Balances, June 30, 2022— $—53,354 $5($3,885)$518,322($269,763)($47,589)$197,090
Stock-based compensation— — — — — 986 — — 986 
Issuance of stock, net of forfeitures— — 351 — — — — — — 
Convertible preferred dividend and accretion— — — — — (6,663)— — (6,663)
Net loss attributable to AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.— — — — — — (4,138)— (4,138)
Comprehensive loss— — — — — — — (5,298)(5,298)
Balances, September 30, 2022— $—53,705 $5($3,885)$512,645($273,901)($52,887)$181,977




See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

















6
AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)

Preferred StockCommon StockTreasury StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmountSharesAmountAmount
Balances, December 31, 2020— $—53,092 $5($3,885)$552,776($244,836)($31,667)$272,393
Stock-based compensation— — — — — 2,031——2,031
Issuance of stock, net of forfeitures— — (53)— — ————
Shares withheld for taxes— — (131)— — (287)——(287)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan— — 92 — — 163——163
Convertible preferred dividend— — — — — (18,580)——(18,580)
Adjustment of NCI to redemption value— — — — — (491)491——
Net loss attributable to AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.— — — — — —(7,843)—(7,843)
Comprehensive loss— — — — — ——(8,570)(8,570)
Balances, September 30, 2021— $—53,000 $5($3,885)$535,612($252,188)($40,237)$239,307

Preferred StockCommon StockTreasury StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmountSharesAmountAmount
Balances, June 30, 2021— $—52,806 $5($3,885)$541,185($253,435)($37,824)$246,046
Stock-based compensation— — — — — 949——949
Issuance of stock, net of forfeitures— — 204 — — ————
Shares withheld for taxes— — (10)— (21)——(21)
Convertible preferred dividend— — — — — (6,248)——(6,248)
Adjustment of NCI to redemption value— — — — — (253)253——
Net loss attributable to AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.— — — — — —994—994
Comprehensive loss— — — — — ——(2,413)(2,413)
Balances, September 30, 2021— $—53,000 $5($3,885)$535,612($252,188)($40,237)$239,307


See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS



Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)20222021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss($26,152)($8,284)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization34,25234,122
Stock-based compensation 3,2862,031
Amortization of deferred financing costs1,5761,772
Deferred income taxes(4,282)1,198
Provision for bad debts472216
(Gain) loss on sales of property and equipment(50)55
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable(1,925)906
Inventories(7,356)2,322
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(6,774)(7,799)
Accounts payable(3,098)(4,443)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities6,5153,103
Income taxes payable617(40)
Other assets and liabilities98801
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
(2,821)25,960
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures(2,622)(2,894)
Net cash used in investing activities(2,622)(2,894)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of long-term debt(2,473)(11,581)
Payment of preferred dividends(10,621)(9,970)
Payment for redemption of convertible preferred stock—(5,330)
Proceeds from issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan146163
Net cash used in financing activities(12,948)(26,718)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(7,892)(3,056)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(26,283)(6,708)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period61,93050,030
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$35,647$43,322
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for:
Cash paid for interest$15,295$14,822
Cash paid for income taxes$2,795$4,560
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Accrued purchases of property and equipment$244$116

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

8
AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.    Description of Business

AgroFresh Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) is an agriculture technology innovator and global leader with a mission to prevent food loss and waste and conserve the planet’s resources by providing a range of science-based solutions, data-driven digital technologies and high-touch customer services. The Company supports growers, packers and retailers with solutions across the food supply chain to enhance the quality and extend the shelf life of fresh produce. The Company has 40 years of post-harvest experience across a broad range of crops, including revolutionizing the apple industry with the SmartFresh™ Quality System more than 20 years ago. The AgroFresh platform is powered by the Company's comprehensive portfolio that includes plant-based coatings, equipment and proprietary solutions that help improve the freshness supply chain from harvest to the home.

The Company has an extensive portfolio of solutions to extend freshness across the produce supply chain from near-harvest up to the point-of sale. These include Harvista™ for near-harvest optimization, and the SmartFresh™ Quality System, the Company's flagship post-harvest freshness solutions. Additional post-harvest freshness solutions include fungicides that can be applied to meet various customer operational requirements in both foggable (ActiMist™) and liquid (ActiSeal™) delivery options. The Company has a controlling interest in AgroFresh Fruit Protection S.A. ("AgroFresh Fruit Protection") (formerly Tecnidex Fruit Protection, S.A.), a leading regional provider of post-harvest fungicides, disinfectants, coatings and packinghouse equipment for the citrus market. Beyond apples and pears, SmartFresh technology can provide ready-to-eat freshness for other fruits and vegetables including avocados, bananas, melons, tomatoes, broccoli and mangos. The Company has key products registered in approximately 50 countries, and supports customers by protecting over 25,000 storage rooms globally.

The end-markets that the Company serves are seasonal and are generally aligned with the seasonal growing patterns of the Company’s customers. For those customers growing, harvesting or storing apples and pears, the Company’s core crops, the peak season in the southern hemisphere is the first and second quarters of each year, while the peak season in the northern hemisphere is the third and fourth quarters of each year. Within each half-year period (i.e., January through June for the southern hemisphere, and July through December for the northern hemisphere) the growing season has historically occurred during both quarters. A variety of factors, including weather, may affect the timing of the growing, harvesting and storing patterns of the Company’s customers and therefore shift the consumption of the Company’s services and products between the first and second quarters primarily in the southern hemisphere or between the third and fourth quarters primarily in the northern hemisphere.

2.    Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These financial statements include all adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's condensed consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows for the periods shown, including normal, recurring accruals and other items. The condensed consolidated results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. For additional information, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

COVID-19

The global health crisis caused by COVID-19 and the related government actions and stay at home orders have negatively impacted economic activity and increased political instability across the globe. The outbreak could have a continued material adverse impact on economic and market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown. There have been numerous obstacles presented and some localized financial impacts of the pandemic, including fluctuations in customer demand and spending pattern changes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations. While the Company is following the requirements of governmental authorities and taking additional preventative and protective measures to ensure the safety of its workforce, including remote working arrangements and varying procedures for essential workforce, the outbreak presents some uncertainty and risk with respect to the Company and its performance and financial results.

Adoption of Highly Inflationary Accounting in Argentina and Turkey

GAAP requires the use of highly inflationary accounting for countries whose cumulative three-year inflation rate exceeds 100 percent. The Company closely monitors the inflation data and currency volatility where there are multiple data sources for

9
measuring and reporting inflation in applicable countries. In the second quarter of 2018, the Argentine peso rapidly devalued relative to the U.S. dollar, which along with increased inflation, indicated that the three-year cumulative inflation rate in that country exceeded 100 percent as of June 30, 2018. As a result, the Company elected to adopt highly inflationary accounting as of July 1, 2018 for its subsidiary in Argentina. As the three-year cumulative inflation rate exceeded 100 percent as of September 30, 2022, there is no change to highly inflationary accounting in Argentina.

In the first half of 2022, the Turkish lira rapidly devalued relative to the U.S. dollar, which along with increased inflation, indicated that the three-year cumulative inflation rate in that country exceeded 100 percent as of April 1, 2022. As a result, the Company elected to adopt highly inflationary accounting as of April 1, 2022 for its subsidiary in Turkey.

Under highly inflationary accounting, the functional currencies of the Company's subsidiaries in Argentina and Turkey became the U.S. dollar, and its income statement and balance sheet will be measured in U.S. dollars using both current and historical rates of exchange. The effect of changes in exchange rates in the currencies of these countries on monetary assets and liabilities are reflected in earnings. As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s subsidiary in Argentina had net assets of ($11.3) million. Net sales attributable to Argentina were approximately 5% and 5% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s subsidiary in Turkey had net assets of $11.0 million. Net sales attributable to Turkey were approximately 2% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into geographic region, product and timing of transfer of goods and services. The Company determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories achieves the disclosure objective of depicting how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands)
RegionNorth America
 (1)		EMEA
(2)		Latin America
(3)		Asia Pacific
(4)		Total Revenues
Product
1-MCP based$14,592$24,344$861$1,963$41,760
Fungicides, disinfectants and coatings3712,603669—3,643
Other*1931,392743332,361
$15,156$28,339$2,273$1,996$47,764
Pattern of Revenue Recognition
Products transferred at a point in time$15,033$28,196$2,089$1,933$47,251
Services transferred over time12314318463513
$15,156$28,339$2,273$1,996$47,764


















10
Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands)
RegionNorth America
 (1)		EMEA
(2)		Latin America
(3)		Asia Pacific
(4)		Total Revenues
Product
1-MCP based$17,677$23,286$781$1,569$43,313
Fungicides, disinfectants and coatings9173,1821,283—5,382
Other*12712918047483
$18,721$26,597$2,244$1,616$49,178
Pattern of Revenue Recognition
Products transferred at a point in time$18,603$26,468$2,064$1,583$48,718
Services transferred over time11812918033460
$18,721$26,597$2,244$1,616$49,178

Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands)
RegionNorth America
 (1)		EMEA
(2)		Latin America
(3)		Asia Pacific
(4)		Total Revenues
Product
1-MCP based$17,727$36,149$23,901$13,885$91,662
Fungicides, disinfectants and coatings37112,9614,4939317,918
Other*5091,7901,2263003,825
$18,607$50,900$29,620$14,278$113,405
Pattern of Revenue Recognition
Products transferred at a point in time$18,231$50,217$29,093$14,094$111,635
Services transferred over time3766835271841,770
$18,607$50,900$29,620$14,278$113,405

Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands)
RegionNorth America
 (1)		EMEA
(2)		Latin America
(3)		Asia Pacific
(4)		Total Revenues
Product
1-MCP based$20,020$34,083$25,145$12,745$91,993
Fungicides, disinfectants and coatings93111,0443,829—15,804
Other*5196029811952,297
$21,470$45,729$29,955$12,940$110,094
Pattern of Revenue Recognition
Products transferred at a point in time$20,958$45,131$29,416$12,774$108,279
Services transferred over time5125985391661,815
$21,470$45,729$29,955$12,940$110,094

*Other includes FreshCloud, technical services and sales-type equipment leases related to AgroFresh Fruit Protection.

11
(1)North America includes the United States and Canada.
(2)EMEA includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
(3)Latin America includes Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay.
(4)Asia Pacific includes Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606 Revenue from contracts with Customers requires an entity to present a revenue contract as a contract asset when the entity performs its obligations under the contract by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due. ASC 606 also requires an entity to present a revenue contract as a contract liability in instances when a customer pays consideration, or an entity has a right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (e.g., receivable), before the entity transfers a good or service to the customer. The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract assets and liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021:
(in thousands)Balance at
December 31, 2021		AdditionsDeductionsBalance at
September 30, 2022
Contract assets:
Unbilled revenue$79512,609(10,342)$3,062
Contract liabilities:   
Deferred revenue$6354,658(3,688)1,605
(in thousands)Balance at
December 31, 2020		AdditionsDeductionsBalance at
December 31, 2021
Contract assets:
Unbilled revenue$1,48417,617(18,306)$795
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue$1,4744,123(4,962)$635

The Company recognizes contract assets in the form of unbilled revenue in instances where services are performed by the Company but not billed by period end. The Company recognizes contract liabilities in the form of deferred revenue in instances where a customer pays in advance for future services to be performed by the Company. The Company generally receives payments from its customers based on standard terms and conditions. No significant changes or impairment losses occurred to contract balances during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Amounts reclassified from unbilled revenue to accounts receivable for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $10.3 million and $18.3 million, respectively. Amounts reclassified from deferred revenue to revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $3.7 million and $5.0 million, respectively.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards and Pronouncements

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The amendments simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles of Topic 740, "Income Taxes" and also improve consistent application by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2021. The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The amendments provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments are intended to ease the potential burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects of, reference rate reform on financial reporting. The new standard is effective on a date selected by the Company between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.


12
3.    Related Party Transactions
On June 13, 2020, in connection with the execution of the Investment Agreement (as defined in Note 15 - Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity), the Company, PSP AGFS Holdings, L.P. (“PSP”) and Rohm and Haas Company ("R&H") entered into a side agreement, pursuant to which the parties agreed that if PSP or its affiliates has the right to designate at least 50% of the total directors on the Company’s board of directors pursuant to the Investment Agreement, so long as R&H or its affiliates beneficially owns at least 20% of the Company’s outstanding common stock (on a fully diluted, “as converted” basis), the Company and the board of directors will increase the size of the board of directors by one member and the board will elect a designee selected by R&H to fill the newly-created vacancy. Such right is in addition to any right that R&H has to appoint a member of the board pursuant to its ownership of the Company’s Series A preferred stock (see Note 15 - Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity).

During 2016, the Company made a minority investment in RipeLocker, LLC ("RipeLocker"), a company led by George Lobisser who was formerly a director of the Company. In February 2019, the Company made a further minority investment in RipeLocker. As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were no material amounts paid or owed to RipeLocker or Mr. Lobisser. Mr. Lobisser resigned as a director of the Company on February 18, 2021.

4.    Inventories
Inventories at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:
(in thousands)September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Raw material$3,609$2,726
Work-in-process4,0713,746
Finished goods16,18712,520
Supplies890788
Total inventories$24,757$19,780

5.     Other Current Assets
The Company's other current assets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:
(in thousands)September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
VAT receivable$11,547$10,220
Prepaid income tax asset7,9916,256
Prepaid and other current assets3,6553,402
Total other current assets$23,193$19,878

6.    Property and Equipment
Property and equipment at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:
(in thousands, except for useful life data)Useful life
(years)		September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Buildings and leasehold improvements
7-20
$6,766$6,967
Machinery & equipment
1-12
14,43413,158
Furniture
1-12
2,7972,927
Construction in progress1,2301,780
25,22724,832
Less: accumulated depreciation(14,259)(12,846)
Total property and equipment, net$10,968$11,986

Depreciation expense was $0.8 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $2.2 million and $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Depreciation expense is recorded in cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expense and research and development expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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7.    Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2021 were as follows:
(in thousands)December 31, 2021
Beginning balance$6,925
Foreign currency translation
(545)
Impairment of goodwill(6,380)
Ending balance$—

As a result of the operating segment realignment discussed in Note 19 - Segment Information, the composition of the Company's reporting units for the evaluation of goodwill impairment has changed. Historically, the Company's reporting units were identified at the operating segment level, which consisted of AgroFresh Core and AgroFresh Fruit Protection and all of the Company's goodwill was assigned to the AgroFresh Fruit Protection reporting unit. Effective December 31, 2021, the Company concluded that it has one operating segment and one reporting unit, which resulted in the reassignment of its goodwill to its stand-alone reporting unit. Prior to the change, the Company tested goodwill for impairment at the previous reporting unit, which did not result in any impairment charge. Based upon the Company's impairment assessment at the new reporting unit (consolidated AgroFresh), the Company determined the carrying amount of the consolidated entity exceeded its fair value. As a result, the Company recorded $6.4 million in goodwill impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2021.

The Company’s intangible assets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in thousands)Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		NetGross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Intangible assets with finite lives:
Developed technology$798,330($323,142)$475,188$798,669($293,920)$504,749
Customer relationships18,122(7,281)10,84119,778(6,948)12,830
Software11,348(10,211)1,13710,992(10,235)757
Trade name3,124(1,562)1,5623,635(727)2,908
Other100(100)—100(92)8
Total intangible assets with finite lives831,024(342,296)488,728833,174(311,922)521,252
Intangible assets with indefinite lives:
Trade name23,400—23,40023,400—23,400
Service provider network2,000—2,0002,000—2,000
Total intangible assets with indefinite lives25,400—25,40025,400—25,400
Total intangible assets$856,424($342,296)$514,128$858,574($311,922)$546,652

At September 30, 2022, the weighted-average amortization periods remaining for developed technology, customer relationships, software, trade name and other was 12.7, 11.2, 2.3, 1.3 and 0.0 years, respectively, and the weighted-average amortization periods remaining for these finite-lived intangible assets was 12.6 years.

Estimated annual amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets subsequent to September 30, 2022 is as follows:
(in thousands)Amount
2022 (remaining)$10,584
202342,322
202440,907
202540,587
202640,292
Thereafter314,036
Total$488,728


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Amortization expense for intangible assets was $10.6 million and $10.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $32.0 million and $32.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

8.    Other Assets

The Company’s other assets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Right-of-use asset$6,780$6,258
Long-term sales-type lease receivable2,5582,860
Other long-term receivable1,9642,288
Total other assets$11,302$11,406

Other long-term receivable of $0.8 million was deemed uncollectible and was written off to other expense during the year ended December 31, 2021.

9.    Accrued and Other Current Liabilities
The Company’s accrued and other current liabilities at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Accrued taxes$9,753$8,267
Accrued compensation and benefits9,0888,227
Bank overdraft2,0261,612
Lease liability1,2801,624
Severance1061,259
Accrued rebates payable2,305756
Deferred revenue1,605635
Accrued interest9272
Other4,6704,542
Total accrued and other current liabilities$30,925$26,994

Other current liabilities include primarily professional services and research and development accruals.

10.    Debt
The Company’s debt, net of unamortized deferred issuance costs, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:
(in thousands)September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Total term loan outstanding$260,438$262,501
Unamortized deferred issuance costs(4,956)(6,434)
AgroFresh Fruit Protection loan outstanding
8971,489
Less: Amounts due within one year3,1393,362
Total long-term debt due after one year$253,240$254,194

Amended Credit Facility

On July 27, 2020, the Company completed a comprehensive refinancing (the “Refinancing”) by (i) entering into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) with the other loan parties party thereto, Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto, and (ii) consummating the transactions contemplated by the Investment Agreement (as defined and described in Note 15 – Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity). The Amended

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Credit Agreement amends and restates in its entirety the Credit Agreement a subsidiary of the Company had with Bank of Montreal that was entered into on July 31, 2015.

The Amended Credit Agreement provides for a $25.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Amended Revolving Loan”), which matures on June 30, 2024, and a $275.0 million term credit facility (the “Amended Term Loan” and, together with the Amended Revolving Loan, the “Amended Credit Facility”), which matures on December 31, 2024. The Amended Credit Facility includes a $5.0 million swingline commitment and a $10.0 million letter of credit sub-limit. Loans under the Amended Term Loan bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate for the interest period in effect for such borrowing plus an Applicable Rate of 6.25% per annum, or the Alternate Base Rate plus an Applicable Rate of 5.25% per annum. Loans under the Amended Revolving Loan bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate for the interest period in effect for such borrowing plus the Applicable Rate ranging from 6.25% to 6.0% per annum, based on certain ratios. The interest rate was 7.25% for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company is also required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the Amended Revolving Loan at a rate ranging from 0.5% to 0.375%, based on certain ratios. The Company is required to make mandatory prepayments of outstanding indebtedness under the Amended Credit Agreement under certain circumstances. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, a prepayment of principal of $9.1 million was made.

The obligations of AgroFresh Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the borrower under the Amended Credit Facility, are initially guaranteed by the Company and the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, AF Solutions Holdings LLC (together with AgroFresh Inc. and the Company, the “Loan Parties”) and may in the future be guaranteed by certain other domestic subsidiaries of the Company. The obligations of the Loan Parties under the Amended Credit Agreement and other loan documents are secured, subject to customary permitted liens and other agreed upon exceptions, by a perfected security interest in all tangible and intangible assets of the Loan Parties, except for certain excluded assets, and equity interests of certain foreign subsidiaries of the Loan Parties held by the Loan Parties (subject to certain exclusions and limitations).

The interest expense related to the amortization of the Amended Credit Facility debt issuance costs was $0.5 million during each of the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 and $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, there were $5.0 million of unamortized deferred issuance costs.

At September 30, 2022, there was $260.4 million outstanding under the Amended Term Loan and no balance outstanding under the Amended Revolving Loan. At September 30, 2022, the Company evaluated the amount recorded under the Amended Term Loan and determined that the fair value was approximately $255.2 million. The fair value of the debt is based on quoted inactive market prices and is therefore classified as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.

Certain restrictive covenants are contained in the Amended Credit Agreement, and the Company was in compliance with these covenants as of September 30, 2022.

AgroFresh Fruit Protection Debt

On March 23, 2020, AgroFresh Fruit Protection entered into a €1.0 million loan agreement with Banco Santander, S.A., which provides funding through March 2023 at a 1.5% interest rate. In May 2020, AgroFresh Fruit Protection entered into a €0.3 million loan agreement with BBVA, which provides funding through May 2025 at a 2.2% interest rate. In July 2020, AgroFresh Fruit Protection entered into a €0.6 million loan agreement with Banco Santander, S.A., which provides funding through July 2025 at a 2.5% interest rate.

Scheduled principal repayments of the Company's debt subsequent to September 30, 2022 are as follows:
(in thousands)Amount
2022 (remaining)$830
20233,049
2024257,212
2025244
Total$261,335

11.    Leases
The Company enters into lease agreements for certain facilities and vehicles that are primarily used in the ordinary course of business. These leases are accounted for as operating leases, whereby lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

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Most leases include an option to extend or renew the lease term. The exercise of the renewal option is at the Company's discretion. The operating lease liability includes lease payments related to options to extend or renew the lease term if the Company is reasonably certain of exercising those options. The Company, in determining the present value of lease payments, uses the Company’s incremental secured borrowing rate commensurate with the term of the underlying lease.

Lease expense is primarily included in general and administrative expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Additional information regarding the Company's operating leases is as follows:

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2022202120222021
Operating Lease Cost
Operating leases$453$546$1,450$1,649
Short-term leases (1)
339318966732
Total lease expense$792$864$2,416$2,381
(1) Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

Other information on operating leases:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021
Cash payments included in operating cash flows$1,407$1,689
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease$2,885$1,665
Weighted average discount rate7.71 %8.39 %
Weighted average remaining lease term in years5.9 years5.5 years

The following table presents the contractual maturities of the Company's lease liabilities as of September 30, 2022.
(in thousands)Lease Liability
Remainder of 2022$470
20231,698
20241,467
20251,281
20261,180
Thereafter2,685
Total undiscounted lease payments8,781
Less: present value adjustment1,714
Operating lease liability$7,067

12.    Other Noncurrent Liabilities
The Company’s other noncurrent liabilities at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:
(in thousands)September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Lease liability$5,787$4,790
Other (1)
1,2741,466
Total other noncurrent liabilities$7,061$6,256

(1) Other noncurrent liabilities include long-term rebates and pension liabilities.


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13.    Severance
Severance expense was $0.1 million and $0.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $0.9 million and $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These amounts, which do not include stock compensation expense, were recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $0.1 million and $1.3 million of severance liability, respectively.

14.     Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest ("NCI")

On November 7, 2017, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire a controlling-interest in AgroFresh Fruit Protection. The transaction was closed on December 1, 2017. At the effective date of the acquisition, the Company acquired 75% of the outstanding capital stock of AgroFresh Fruit Protection. In connection with the acquisition of AgroFresh Fruit Protection, the Company concurrently entered into option agreements ("Option Agreement") with the Seller related to the remaining 25% equity interest. The Option Agreement permits the residual interest to be "put" by the Seller to the Company, or to allow the Company to "call" the residual interest gradually over time as outlined in the agreement. The Seller's ownership of AgroFresh Fruit Protection represents a NCI to the Company, which is classified outside of stockholders' equity as the option of the Seller is redeemable. As of September 30, 2022 the carrying amount of the NCI was $6.9 million in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. Any changes in the redemption value of the NCI are included as an adjustment to Additional paid-in capital on the balance sheet.

The following table summarizes the changes to the Company's redeemable NCI.
(in thousands)September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Beginning balance($7,787)($8,446)
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest9102,258
Adjustment of NCI to redemption value—(1,599)
Ending balance($6,877)($7,787)

15.    Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
On June 13, 2020, the Company entered into an Investment Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with PSP, an affiliate of Paine Schwartz Partners, LLC, pursuant to which, subject to certain closing conditions, PSP agreed to purchase in a private placement an aggregate of $150,000,000 of convertible preferred equity of the Company. The transaction closed on July 27, 2020 (the "Closing Date"), and a total of 150,000 shares of the Company’s newly-designated Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B-1 Preferred Stock”), were purchased in such transaction (the “Private Placement”). On September 22, 2020, following the approval of the transactions contemplated by the Investment Agreement by the necessary regulatory body, the Company issued to PSP, for no additional consideration, a total of 150,000 shares of the Company’s newly-designated Series B-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B-2 Preferred Stock”). On September 25, 2020 (the "Exchange Date"), PSP elected to exchange the shares of the Company’s Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B-2 Preferred Stock held by it for a total of 150,000 shares of the Company’s newly-designated Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). Accordingly, effective as of the Exchange Date, the Company issued 150,000 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, to PSP and all of the shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock and Series B-2 Preferred Stock held by PSP were cancelled. No shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock or Series B-2 Preferred Stock were outstanding as of September 30, 2022.

The Series B Preferred Stock ranks senior to the shares of the Company’s common stock with respect to dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company. The Series B Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (the “Stated Value”). Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to a cumulative dividend at a rate of 16% per annum, of which 50% was payable in cash and 50% was payable in kind until the first anniversary of the Closing Date, after which 50% is payable in cash, 37.5% is payable in kind, and the remaining 12.5% is payable in cash or in kind, at the Company’s option, subject in each case to adjustment under certain circumstances. Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears. All dividends that are paid in kind will accrete to, and increase, the Stated Value. The applicable dividend rate is subject to increase by 2% per annum during any period that the Company is in breach of certain provisions of the Certificate of Designation of the Series B Preferred

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Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock has been classified as temporary equity as it may be contingently redeemable in the event of a change of control, which is outside of the Company's control.

Associated with the Series B Preferred Stock, the Company paid dividends of $3.3 million in kind and $3.3 million in cash during the three months ended September 30, 2022, and $9.0 million in kind and $10.6 million in cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company paid dividends of $2.3 million in kind and $3.9 million in cash during the three months ended September 30, 2021, and $8.6 million in kind and $10.0 million in cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 associated with the Series B Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had no accrued dividends.

The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at an initial conversion price of $5.00 (“Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to customary adjustments, including for stock splits and other reorganizations affecting the Common Stock and pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions for below market issuances. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the maximum number of shares of common stock that could be issued upon conversion of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock was 34.0 million and 32.2 million shares, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company redeemed 4,954 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for $5.3 million. The below table outlines the change in Series B Preferred Stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021.
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
(in thousands)SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2020150 $143,728
Redemption of shares(5)(5,330)
In kind dividend— 10,988
Balance at December 31, 2021145 149,386
In kind dividend— 9,012
Balance at September 30, 2022145 $158,398

In connection with the consummation of the Investment Agreement, the Company and PSP entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (as amended, the “Registration Rights Agreement”), dated as of July 27, 2020. The Registration Rights Agreement provides that the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to prepare and file a shelf registration statement with the SEC within 30 days following a written request by PSP, and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such shelf registration statement to be declared effective as promptly as is reasonably practicable after its filing to permit the public resale of registrable securities covered by the Registration Rights Agreement. The registrable securities generally include any shares of the Company’s common stock into which the Series B Preferred Stock is convertible, and any other securities issued or issuable with respect to any such shares of common stock by way of share split, share dividend, distribution, recapitalization, merger, exchange, replacement or similar event or otherwise.

Common Stock

The authorized common stock of the Company consists of 400 million shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock. As of September 30, 2022, there were approximately 53.0 million shares of common stock outstanding.

Series A Preferred Stock

The Company has one share of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding, which is owned by R&H. R&H, voting as a separate class, is entitled to appoint one director to the Company’s board of directors for so long as R&H beneficially holds 10% or more of the aggregate amount of the outstanding shares of common stock and non-voting common stock of the Company. The Series A Preferred Stock has no other rights.

16.    Stock-based Compensation
The Company's stock-based compensation is in accordance with the Company's amended 2015 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), pursuant to which the Compensation Committee of the Company is authorized to grant up to 13.7 million shares to officers and employees of the Company, in the form of equity-based awards, including time or performance based options and

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restricted stock. In addition, the Company may grant cash-settled awards, including stock-appreciation rights (SARs) and phantom stock awards.

In June 2019, the Company's shareholders approved the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"), which was effective July 1, 2019. In August 2021, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP was increased to 1.25 million. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock at a discount of up to 15% through payroll deductions of their eligible compensation, subject to any plan limitations. The ESPP provides for six-month offering periods beginning January 1 and July 1 of each year, and each offering period consists of a six-month purchase period. On each purchase date, eligible employees may purchase the Company's common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of (1) the fair market value of the common stock on the offering date or (2) the fair market value of the common stock on the purchase date. As of September 30, 2022, 564,233 shares had been issued under the ESPP.

Stock compensation expense for equity-classified and liability-classified awards was $1.1 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Stock compensation expense for equity-classified and liability-classified awards was $3.4 million and $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Stock compensation expense is recognized in cost of goods sold, selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses. At September 30, 2022, there was $7.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost relating to outstanding unvested equity instruments expected to be recognized over the weighted average period of 1.8 years.

17.    Earnings Per Share
Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The Company had a net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Therefore, the effect of stock-based awards including options, restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding at September 30, 2022 and 2021 were excluded in the computation of diluted loss per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

The following table is a reconciliation of the weighted-average common shares outstanding used for the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2022202120222021
Basic weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding52,400 51,583 52,077 51,323 
Effect of dilutive options, restricted stock and restricted stock units
— — — — 
Diluted weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding52,400 51,583 52,077 51,323 

The following represents the weighted average number of shares that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2022202120222021
Convertible preferred stock33,324 31,242 32,731 30,955 
Stock-based compensation awards(1):
Stock options1,555 1,446 1,526 1,114 
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units5,165 3,790 4,633 3,214 
(1) SARs and phantom stock awards are payable in cash and will therefore have no impact on number of shares.

18.    Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consists of provisions for federal, state and foreign income taxes. The effective tax rates for the periods ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, reflect the Company’s expected tax rate on reported income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax and tax adjustments. The Company operates in a global environment with significant operations in the U.S. and various other jurisdictions outside the U.S. Accordingly, the consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting the Company’s earnings and the applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions where the Company operates.

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The Company's U.S. operations have incurred cumulative taxable losses through September 30, 2022. The Company’s U.S. net operating loss carry forwards and carry forwards of other tax attributes are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities. The utilization of the tax attributes have become restricted because of certain cumulative changes in the ownership interest of significant shareholders over a three-year period in excess of 50%, as defined under Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, as well as similar state tax provisions. This limits the amount of the tax attributes that the Company can utilize annually to offset future taxable income or tax liabilities. The amount of the annual limitation, if any, was determined based on the value of the Company immediately prior to the ownership change. Subsequent ownership changes may further affect the limitation in future years. Please refer to Note 3 - Related Party Transactions regarding the ownership change in the quarter ended September 30, 2020. The Company completed a Section 382 study and determined the ownership change gave rise to the restrictions that will limit the realizability of certain U.S. tax attributes and built-in losses related to future intangible amortization tax deductions. These limitations apply to the corresponding tax attributes and built-in losses incurred before the ownership change.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21%, primarily because of changes in valuation allowance positions related to certain foreign jurisdictions, taxable foreign inclusions within the U.S., and certain non-deductible items. The Company's effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was (13.1)% and 9.3%, compared to the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 of 20.4% and (35.6)%.

19.    Segment Information
ASC 280 requires use of the management approach for segment reporting. The management approach is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Through the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company had operated and managed our business as two reportable segments, AgroFresh Core and AgroFresh Fruit Protection (formerly Tecnidex). Due to changes in senior management, as well as the integration of AgroFresh Fruit Protection with the Company's Core business operational and reporting structure, during the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company determined that it has one reportable segment as of December 31, 2021. Since the Company operates in one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

20.    Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is currently involved in various claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company has recorded reserves for loss contingencies based on the specific circumstances of each case. Such reserves are recorded when it is probable that a loss has been incurred as of the balance sheet date and can be reasonably estimated. Although the results of litigation and claims can never be predicted with certainty, the Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these actions will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

On October 14, 2019, the Company was awarded a verdict of $31.1 million in damages, related to, among other things, trade secret misappropriation and willful patent infringement, in its litigation against Decco Post-Harvest, Inc. ("Decco") and Decco's parent company, UPL Limited. The award was subsequently reduced by $18 million in connection with post-verdict review by the Court. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the lawsuit was settled, paid and is considered closed.
 
Purchase Commitments
 
The Company has various purchasing contracts for contract manufacturing and research and development services which are based on the requirements of the business. Generally, the contracts are at prices not in excess of current market price and do not commit the business to obligations outside the normal customary terms for similar contracts, and these payment obligations are considered insignificant.


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21.    Fair Value Measurements
Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents the fair value of the Company's financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022.
(in thousands)Level 3
Liability-classified stock compensation (1)
$168

The following table presents the fair value of the Company's financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021.
(in thousands)Level 3
Liability-classified stock compensation (1)
$241

(1) The fair values of market-based phantom shares granted in 2020 were estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation pricing model with the assumptions described below:
Grant date fair value$1.70
Risk-free interest rate0.27%
Expected life (years)2.71
Estimated volatility factor65.8%
Expected dividendsNone

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 and no transfers out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

At September 30, 2022, the Company evaluated the amount recorded under the Amended Term Loan and determined that the fair value was approximately $255.2 million. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value.

Changes in Financial Instruments Measured at Level 3 Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents the changes during the periods presented in our Level 3 financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
(in thousands)Liability-classified stock compensation
Balance, December 31, 2021$241
 Stock compensation activity(73)
Balance, September 30, 2022$168

22. Other Income (Expense)

The Company had other income of $0.0 million and other expense of $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had other income of $0.5 million related to the receipt of data sharing income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 the Company had other income of $14.1 million due to the receipt of proceeds from the settlement of a litigation matter.

23. Subsequent Events

On October 24, 2022, a special committee of the Company’s board of directors agreed with Paine Schwartz Partners, LLC (“Paine Schwartz”) to pursue a transaction in which Paine Schwartz would acquire all of the outstanding common stock of the Company, which transaction would be conditioned upon, among other things, approval of the holders of a majority of the Common Stock owned by disinterested stockholders. This proposed transaction is not yet certain and is subject to, among other things, Paine Schwartz's satisfaction of confirmatory diligence and negotiation and execution of definitive documentation. The potential timing

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of this proposed transaction, if effected, is not yet known, and no agreement between Paine Schwartz and the Company relating to the proposed transaction will be created unless definitive documentation is executed and delivered by the appropriate parties.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
As used in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”), the terms “Company,” “AgroFresh,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to AgroFresh Solutions, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires or it is otherwise indicated.

The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Report.

This MD&A contains the financial measures EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, which are not presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). These non-GAAP financial measures are being presented because management believes that they provide readers with additional insight into the Company’s operational performance relative to earlier periods and relative to its competitors and they are key measures used by the Company to evaluate its performance. The Company does not intend for these non-GAAP financial measures to be a substitute for any GAAP financial information. Readers of this MD&A should use these non-GAAP financial measures only in conjunction with the comparable GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to the most comparable GAAP measure is provided in this MD&A.

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Report including, without limitation, statements regarding the Company's financial position, business strategy, the plans and objectives of management for future operations and the outcome of negotiations with respect to the recent agreement of the special committee of the Company's board of directors and Paine Schwartz Partners, LLC ("Paine Schwartz") to pursue a transaction in which Paine Schwartz would acquire all of the outstanding common stock of the Company, described below under "Recent Developments" and whether any transaction will be consummated in connection therewith, are forward looking statements. When used in this Report, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions, as they relate to the Company or its management, identify forward looking statements. Such forward looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Actual results and/or the timing of events could differ materially from those contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the "2021 Form 10-K") as well as the update to those Risk Factors disclosed in Part II, Item 1A of this Report. Any forward-looking statements included in this Report are based only on information currently available to the Company and speak only as of the date on which such statements are made. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on behalf of the Company are qualified in their entirety by this paragraph.

Business Overview
AgroFresh is a global leader in delivering innovative food preservation and waste reduction solutions for fresh produce. The Company is empowering the food industry with a range of integrated solutions designed to help growers, packers and retailers improve produce freshness and quality while reducing waste. AgroFresh has key products registered in over 50 countries, and supports customers by protecting approximately 25,000 storage rooms globally. AgroFresh's solutions range from near-harvest with Harvista™ and LandSpring™ to its flagship post-harvest SmartFresh™ Quality System. Additional post-harvest freshness solutions include fungicides that can be applied to meet various customer operational requirements, in either a foggable (ActiMist™) or liquid (ActiSeal™) delivery form. To supplement our near- and post-harvest product solutions, our FreshCloud™ digital technology platform includes analytical, diagnostic and tracking services that provide a range of value-added capabilities to help customers optimize the quality of their produce. Beyond apples, SmartFresh technology can provide ready-to-eat freshness for other fruits and vegetables including avocados, bananas, melons, tomatoes, broccoli and mangos.

In December 2017, AgroFresh acquired a controlling interest in AgroFresh Fruit Protection (formerly known as Tecnidex). With this acquisition, AgroFresh expanded its industry-leading post-harvest presence into additional crops and increased its penetration of the produce market in southern Europe, Latin America and Africa. For over 40 years, AgroFresh Fruit Protection has been helping fruit and vegetable producers offer clean, safe and high-quality products to customers in 18 countries. AgroFresh Fruit Protection offers a portfolio of post-harvest fungicides, coatings and disinfectants, packinghouse equipment and associated consulting and after-sale services to improves the quality and value of customers’ fruit and vegetables while respecting the environment. AgroFresh Fruit Protection further diversified AgroFresh’s revenue by allowing the Company to provide solutions and service to the citrus industry.

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Freshness is the most important driver of consumer satisfaction when it comes to produce and, at the same time, food waste is a major issue in the industry. About one-third of the total food produced worldwide is lost or wasted each year. Nearly 50% of all fresh fruits and vegetables are lost to spoilage. AgroFresh plays a key role in the value chain by offering products and services that maintain produce freshness and reduce waste.

AgroFresh’s flagship SmartFresh Quality System regulates the post-harvest ripening effects of ethylene, the naturally occurring plant hormone that triggers ripening in certain fruits and vegetables. SmartFresh degrades naturally, leaves no detectable residue and has been approved for use by many domestic and global regulatory organizations. Harvista extends the Company’s proprietary technology into the field, including treatment of cherries early in the growing season and near-harvest management of apples, pears and blueberries. FreshCloud™ is our digital technology services platform, which continues to expand. Launched in 2020, FreshCloud Quality Inspection is a proprietary cloud-based mobile quality management service that digitizes what was formerly a manual quality control process and captures, organizes and analyzes quality metrics in real time. LandSpring™ is an innovative 1-MCP technology targeted to transplanted vegetable seedlings. It is currently registered for use on tomatoes, peppers and 14 other crops in the US. It reduces transplant shock, resulting in less seedling mortality and faster crop establishment, which leads to a healthier crop and improved yields.
AgroFresh’s business is highly seasonal, driven by the timing of the apple and pear harvests in the northern and southern hemispheres. The first half of the year is when the southern hemisphere harvest occurs, and the second half of the year is when the northern hemisphere harvest occurs. Since the northern hemisphere harvest of apples and pears is typically larger, a significant portion of our sales and profits are historically generated in the second half of the year. In addition to this seasonality, factors such as weather patterns may impact the timing of the harvest within the two halves of the year.
 
Recent Development
On October 24, 2022, a special committee of the Company's board of directors agreed with Paine Schwartz to pursue a transaction in which Paine Schwartz would acquire all of the outstanding common stock of the Company, which transaction would be conditioned upon, among other things, approval of the holders of a majority of the Common Stock owned by disinterested stockholders. This proposed transaction is not yet certain and is subject to, among other things, Paine Schwartz's satisfaction of confirmatory diligence and negotiation and execution of definitive documentation. The potential timing of this proposed transaction, if effected, is not yet known, and no agreement between Paine Schwartz and the Company relating to the proposed transaction will be created unless definitive documentation is executed and delivered by the appropriate parties.

Factors Affecting the Company’s Results of Operations
The Company’s results of operations are affected by a number of external factors. Some of the more important factors are briefly discussed below.

Impact of COVID-19

In March 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a National Public Health Emergency which continues to spread throughout the world and has adversely impacted global activity and contributed to significant volatility in financial markets. The outbreak could have a continued material adverse impact on economic and market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant adverse impact on our results of operations. However, there were numerous obstacles presented and some localized financial impacts of the pandemic, including fluctuations in customer demand and spending pattern changes. While the Company is following the requirements of governmental authorities and taking additional preventative and protective measures to ensure the safety of its workforce, including implementing remote working arrangements and varying procedures for essential workforce, we cannot be 100% certain that there will not be any incidents across our global operations that may cause service interruptions. The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the ultimate impact of the coronavirus outbreak, although the Company operates in an industry that thus far has not been as severely impacted as others. Nevertheless, the outbreak presents some uncertainty and risk with respect to the Company and its performance and financial results.

Demand for the Company’s Offerings

The Company sells to customers in approximately 50 countries and derives its revenue by assisting growers and packers to optimize the value of their crops primarily in the near and post-harvest periods. The Company's products and services add value to customers by reducing food spoilage and extending the life of perishable fruits. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has estimated that a growing global population will require a near doubling of food production in developing countries by 2050 to meet the expected demand of a worldwide population projected to reach 9 billion people.
 

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This global trend, among others, creates demand for the Company’s solutions. The Company’s offerings are currently protected by patent filings in 45 countries.
 
The global produce market is a function of both the size and the yield of the crop harvested; variations in either will affect total production. Given the nature of the agricultural industry, weather patterns may impact total production and the Company's resulting commercial opportunities. The Company supports a diverse customer base whose end markets vary due to the type of fruit and quality of the product demanded in their respective markets. Such variation across end markets also affects demand for the Company’s services.

Customer Pricing
The Company’s offerings are priced based on the value they provide to the Company’s customers. From time to time, the Company adjusts the pricing of its offerings to address market trends. The Company's offerings are priced based on the value they provide to the Company's customers and based on market economic factors including, but not limited to, inflation, currency exchange and materials cost. The timing of pricing and economic factors could cause margin fluctuation. In addition, the Company's pricing model may include rebate arrangements for long-term agreements and/or significant volume achievements.

Integrated Direct Service Model
AgroFresh offers the Company’s commercially available products, including SmartFresh and Harvista, primarily through a direct service model. Sales and sales support personnel maintain face-to-face relationships with customers year round. Technical sales and support personnel work with customers to provide value-added advisory services regarding the application of SmartFresh. The actual application of SmartFresh is performed by service providers that are typically third-party contractors. Harvista is applied through both ground and aerial application, which are administered by third-party service providers or made by our customers directly.
 
Most of the Company’s service providers are operating under multi-year contracts. Management believes the quality and experience of its service providers deliver clear commercial benefits.

Seasonality
 
The Company’s operations are subject to seasonal variation due to the timing of the growing seasons around the world. For our core crops of apples and pears, southern hemisphere growers harvest from late January to early May, and northern hemisphere growers harvest from August through November. For citrus crops, there are seasonal variations in this business due to the northern hemisphere citrus harvest, which spans from October to March. Since the majority of the Company’s sales are in northern hemisphere countries, a proportionately greater share of its revenue is realized during the second half of the year. There are also variations in the seasonal demands from year to year depending on weather patterns and crop size. This seasonality and variations in seasonal demand could impact the ability to compare results between periods.
 
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
With a global customer base and geographic footprint, the Company generates revenue and incurs costs in a number of different currencies, with the Euro comprising the most significant non-U.S. currency. As such, the Company has both translation and transaction exposure to the fluctuations of exchange rates. The translation exposure relates to the exchange rate impacts of measuring income statements of foreign subsidiaries that do not use the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency. Fluctuations in the value of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar can increase or decrease the Company’s overall revenue and profitability as stated in U.S. dollars, which is the Company’s reporting currency. In certain instances, if sales in a given geography have been adversely impacted on a long-term basis due to foreign currency depreciation, the Company has been able to adjust its pricing so as to mitigate the impact on profitability. The transaction exposure relates to the revaluation of working capital balances denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Certain countries experiencing significant exchange rate fluctuations have had, and may continue to have, a significant impact on the Company’s net sales, profitability and cash flows.

Domestic and Foreign Operations
The Company has both domestic and foreign operations. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, regional growth-related spending in R&D and marketing expenses, and changes in local selling prices, among other factors, may impact the profitability of foreign operations in the future.


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Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
Critical accounting policies are those accounting policies that can have a significant impact on the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and that require the use of complex and subjective estimates based upon management’s judgment. Because of the uncertainty inherent in such estimates, actual results may differ materially from these estimates. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates previously disclosed in the 2021 Form 10-K. For a description of our critical accounting policies and estimates as well as a listing of our significant accounting policies, see “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates” and “Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the 2021 Form 10-K. Goodwill is no longer considered a critical accounting policy as the full balance was written off as of December 31, 2021.
An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the financial statements. Management believes these critical accounting policies reflect its most significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements.

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Results of Operations
The following table summarizes the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2022202120222021
Net sales$47,764$49,178$113,405$110,094
Cost of sales (excluding amortization, shown separately below)15,55215,03536,76732,453
Gross profit32,21234,14376,63877,641
Research and development expenses3,1503,3299,08510,123
Selling, general and administrative expenses13,53712,28239,76339,453
Amortization of intangibles10,60610,83032,03232,092
Operating income (loss)4,9197,702(4,242)(4,027)
Other (expense) income(35)(299)47914,053
(Loss) gain on foreign currency exchange(3,299)(918)(9,373)436
Interest expense, net(5,664)(5,465)(15,703)(16,571)
(Loss) income before income taxes(4,079)1,020(28,839)(6,109)
Income taxes expense (benefit)535208(2,687)2,175
Net (loss) income including non-controlling interest(4,614)812(26,152)(8,284)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest(476)(182)(911)(441)
Net (loss) income attributable to AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.(4,138)994(25,241)(7,843)
Less: Dividends on convertible preferred stock6,6636,24819,63218,580
Net loss attributable to AgroFresh Solutions, Inc. common stockholders($10,801)($5,254)($44,873)($26,423)

Comparison of Results of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2022 versus the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Net Sales

Net sales were $47.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to net sales of $49.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, a decrease of 2.9%. The impact of the change in foreign currency exchange rates compared to the third quarter of 2021 decreased revenue by $3.0 million. Excluding this impact, revenue increased approximately 3.1%, primarily driven by leveraging a portfolio of diverse solutions. The SmartFresh diversification category was driven by the early timing of sales in EMEA, while North America experienced later timing of sales, which was partially offset by strong demand for EthylBloc amid the recovering flower industry. SmartFresh for Apple experienced growth in EMEA, Latin America, and APAC, which was partially offset by the unfavorable conditions affecting the North American season.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales was $15.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $15.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Excluding foreign currency translation impacts, which reduced gross profit by $3.0 million as compared to the third quarter of 2021, gross profit increased 3.1%. Gross profit margin was 67.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 versus 69.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The lower gross margin primarily reflects the Company’s strategic transition to a more diversified product portfolio, unfavorable foreign currency translation, and higher material costs associated with inflationary pressures, partially offset by select price increases.

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Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $3.2 million and $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. The decrease was primarily related to timing of projects.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $13.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $12.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of 10.2% driven primarily by commercial investments.

Amortization of Intangibles

Amortization of intangible assets was $10.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $10.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Other (Expense) Income

The Company had no material other expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to other expense of $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

(Loss) Gain on Foreign Currency

Loss on foreign currency was $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to a loss of $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. During the third quarter of 2022, foreign currency losses were recognized related to U.S. dollar intercompany receivables from the euro, Argentinian peso and South African rand, which grew weaker relative to the U.S. dollar.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense was $5.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $5.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 due to higher interest of $0.7 million on the long-term debt as a result of increased interest rates offset by higher interest income on investments of $0.4 million.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense was $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to income tax expense of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the quarter’s largest effective tax rate modifications are related to changes in valuation allowance positions related to certain foreign jurisdictions, taxable foreign inclusions within the U.S. and certain non-deductible items.


Comparison of Results of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Net Sales

Net sales were $113.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to net sales of $110.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of 3.0%. The impact of the change in foreign currency exchange rates compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 reduced revenue by $5.6 million. Excluding this impact, revenue increased approximately 8.1%, primarily driven by leveraging a portfolio of diverse solutions. Each of the Company's diversification categories generated growth in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, led by Antimicrobials and Coatings market penetration and expansion in EMEA. SmartFresh Diversification and Ethylbloc contributed to growth in the Other 1-MCP category. This was partially offset by SmartFresh for Apple declines in certain countries in Latin America and North America due to unfavorable weather and timing events.

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Cost of Sales

Cost of sales was $36.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $32.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Excluding foreign currency translation impacts, which reduced gross profit by $2.2 million as compared to the prior year-to-date period, gross profit increased 1.6%. Gross profit margin was 67.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus 70.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The lower gross margin primarily reflects the Company’s strategic transition to a more diversified product portfolio, unfavorable foreign currency translation, and higher material costs associated with inflationary pressures, partially offset by price increases.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $9.1 million and $10.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. The decrease was primarily related to timing of projects.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $39.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $39.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of 0.8%, driven primarily by the timing of expenses.
Amortization of Intangibles

Amortization of intangible assets was $32.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $32.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Other Income

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had other income of $0.5 million related to the receipt of data sharing income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 the Company had other income of $14.1 million due to the receipt of proceeds from the settlement of a litigation matter.

(Loss) Gain on Foreign Currency

Loss on foreign currency was $9.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to a gain of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, foreign currency losses were recognized related to U.S. dollar intercompany receivables from the euro, Argentinian peso and South African rand, which grew weaker relative to the U.S. dollar along with losses due to the impact of hyperinflationary accounting in Turkey and Argentina.


Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense was $15.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $16.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to higher interest income on investments of $1.0 million, and lower debt amortization of $0.3 million offset by higher interest of $0.5 million on the long-term debt.

Income Taxes

Income tax benefit was $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to income tax expense of $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the largest effective tax rate modifications are related to changes in valuation allowance positions related to certain foreign jurisdictions, taxable foreign inclusions within the U.S. and certain non-deductible items.



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Non-GAAP Measures

The following tables set forth the non-GAAP financial measures of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP constant currency net sales. The Company believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide meaningful supplemental information as they are used by the Company’s management to evaluate the Company’s performance (including for incentive bonuses and bank covenant reporting), are more indicative of future operating performance of the Company, and facilitate a better comparison among fiscal periods. These non-GAAP results are presented for supplemental informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.
 
The following is a reconciliation between the non-GAAP financial measures of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, net loss including non-controlling interest:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2022202120222021
GAAP net (loss) income including non-controlling interest($4,614)$812($26,152)($8,284)
Depreciation and amortization11,36011,52234,25234,122
Interest expense (1)
5,6645,46515,70316,571
Income taxes expense (benefit)535208(2,687)2,175
Non-GAAP EBITDA12,94518,00721,11644,584
Share-based compensation1,0969763,4112,147
Severance related costs (2)
74299181,616
Other non-recurring costs (3)
5252421,0351,762
Loss (gain) on foreign currency exchange (4)
3,2999189,373(436)
Other (income) expense (5)
—301(515)301
Litigation settlement———(14,392)
Total Adjustments4,9942,46614,222(9,002)
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA$17,939$20,473$35,338$35,582

(1)    Interest on debt and accretion for debt discounts.
(2)    Severance costs related to restructuring and cost optimization initiatives.
(3)    Costs related to certain professional and other infrequent or non-recurring fees, including those associated with refinancing efforts, litigation and M&A related fees.
(4)    Relates to net gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in a currency other than the Company's functional currency.
(5)     Relates to non-recurring data compensation income.

The following is a reconciliation between net sales on a non-GAAP operational basis to GAAP net sales:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2022202120222021
GAAP net sales$47,764$49,178$113,405$110,094
Impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates2,963—5,611—
Non-GAAP operational net sales (1)
$50,727$49,178$119,016$110,094

(1)     The Company provides net sales on a constant currency basis to enhance investors’ understanding of underlying business trends and operating performance, by removing the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The impact from foreign currency, calculated on a constant currency basis, is determined by applying prior period average exchange rates to current year results.







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The following is a reconciliation between gross profit on a non-GAAP operational basis to GAAP gross profit:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2022202120222021
GAAP gross profit$32,212$34,143$76,638$77,641
Impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates2,982—2,216—
Non-GAAP operational gross profit (1)
$35,194$34,143$78,854$77,641

(1)     The Company provides gross profit on a constant currency basis to enhance investors’ understanding of underlying business trends and operating performance, by removing the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The impact from foreign currency, calculated on a constant currency basis, is determined by applying prior period average exchange rates to current year results.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flows
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)20222021
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities($2,821)$25,960
Net cash used in investing activities($2,622)($2,894)
Net cash used in financing activities($12,948)($26,718)

Cash used in operating activities was ($2.8) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to cash provided by operating activities of $26.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. In 2022, net income before non-cash depreciation and amortization was $8.1 million. Other non-cash charges included stock-based compensation of $3.3 million and $1.6 million of deferred financing costs offset by a $4.3 million decrease in net deferred taxes. Additionally, the change in net operating assets was $11.9 million in 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net income before non-cash depreciation and amortization was $25.8 million. Other non-cash charges included stock-based compensation of $2.0 million, $1.8 million of deferred financing costs and a $1.2 million increase in net deferred taxes. Additionally, the change in net operating assets was $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Cash used in investing activities was $2.6 million and $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash used in investing activities in both periods was for the purchase of fixed assets, leasehold improvements and software.

Cash used in financing activities was $12.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $26.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Cash used in financing activities in 2022 was for the payment of dividends of $10.6 million and the repayment of debt in the amount of $2.5 million. Cash used in financing activities in 2021 was for the repayment of debt in the amount of $11.6 million, redemption of preferred stock of $5.3 million and payment of dividends of $10.0 million.

Liquidity

At September 30, 2022, we had $35.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, compared to $61.9 million at December 31, 2021.

Amended Credit Facility

On July 27, 2020, the Company completed a comprehensive refinancing (the “Refinancing”) by (i) entering into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) with the other loan parties party thereto, Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto, and (ii) consummating the transactions contemplated by the Investment Agreement (as defined and described in Note 15 – Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity). The Amended Credit Agreement amends and restates in its entirety the Credit Agreement a subsidiary of the Company had with Bank of Montreal that was entered into on July 31, 2015.

The Amended Credit Agreement provides for a $25.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Amended Revolving Loan”) which matures on June 30, 2024, and a $275.0 million term credit facility (the “Amended Term Loan” and, together with the Amended Revolving Loan, the “Amended Credit Facility”), which matures on December 31, 2024. The Amended Credit Facility includes a $5.0 million swingline commitment and a $10.0 million letter of credit sub-limit. Loans under the Amended Term Loan bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate for the interest period in effect for such borrowing plus an Applicable Rate of 6.25% per annum, or the Alternate Base Rate plus an Applicable Rate of 5.25% per annum. Loans under the Amended Revolving Loan bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate for the interest period in effect for such borrowing plus the Applicable Rate ranging from 6.25% to 6.0% per annum, based on certain ratios. The interest rate was 7.25% for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company is also required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the Amended Revolving Loan at a rate ranging from 0.5% to 0.375%, based on certain ratios. The Company is required to make mandatory prepayments of outstanding indebtedness under the Amended Credit Agreement under certain circumstances. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, a prepayment of principal of $9.1 million was made.

The obligations of AgroFresh Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the borrower under the Amended Credit Facility, are initially guaranteed by the Company and the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, AF Solutions Holdings LLC

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(together with AgroFresh Inc. and the Company, the “Loan Parties”) and may in the future be guaranteed by certain other domestic subsidiaries of the Company. The obligations of the Loan Parties under the Amended Credit Agreement and other loan documents are secured, subject to customary permitted liens and other agreed upon exceptions, by a perfected security interest in all tangible and intangible assets of the Loan Parties, except for certain excluded assets, and equity interests of certain foreign subsidiaries of the Loan Parties held by the Loan Parties (subject to certain exclusions and limitations).

The interest expense related to the amortization of the Amended Credit Facility debt issuance costs was $0.5 million during each of the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 there were $5.0 million of unamortized deferred issuance costs.

At September 30, 2022, there was $260.4 million outstanding under the Amended Term Loan and no balance outstanding under the Amended Revolving Loan. Due to the prepayment, an additional $0.3 million of deferred financing costs were expensed based on the portion of debt paid. At September 30, 2022, the Company evaluated the amount recorded under the Amended Term Loan and determined that the fair value was approximately $255.2 million. The fair value of the debt is based on quoted inactive market prices and is therefore classified as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.

Certain restrictive covenants are contained in the Amended Credit Agreement, and the Company was in compliance with these covenants as of September 30, 2022.

AgroFresh Fruit Protection Debt

On March 23, 2020, AgroFresh Fruit Protection entered into a €1.0 million loan agreement with Banco Santander, S.A., which provides funding through March 2023 at a 1.5% interest rate. In May 2020, AgroFresh Fruit Protection entered into a €0.3 million loan agreement with BBVA, which provides funding through May 2025 at a 2.2% interest rate. In July 2020, AgroFresh Fruit Protection entered into a €0.6 million loan agreement with Banco Santander, S.A., which provides funding through July 2025 at a 2.5% interest rate.

Preferred Stock Financing

On June 13, 2020, the Company entered into an Investment Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with PSP AGFS Holdings, L.P. ("PSP"), an affiliate of Paine Schwartz Partners, LLC, pursuant to which, subject to certain closing conditions, PSP agreed to purchase in a private placement an aggregate of $150,000,000 of convertible preferred equity of the Company. The transaction closed on July 27, 2020 (the "Closing Date") and a total of 150,000 shares of the Company’s newly-designated Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B-1 Preferred Stock”) were purchased in such transaction (the “Private Placement”). On September 22, 2020, following the approval of the transactions contemplated by the Investment Agreement by the necessary regulatory body, the Company issued to PSP, for no additional consideration, a total of 150,000 shares of the Company’s newly-designated Series B-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B-2 Preferred Stock”). On September 25, 2020 (the "Exchange Date"), PSP elected to exchange the shares of the Company’s Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B-2 Preferred Stock held by it for a total of 150,000 shares of the Company’s newly-designated Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). Accordingly, effective as of the Exchange Date, the Company issued 150,000 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, to PSP and all of the shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock and Series B-2 Preferred Stock held by PSP were cancelled. No shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock or Series B-2 Preferred Stock are outstanding as of September 30, 2022.

The Series B Preferred Stock ranks senior to the shares of the Company’s common stock with respect to dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company. The Series B Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (the “Stated Value”). Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to a cumulative dividend at a rate of 16% per annum, of which 50% was payable in cash and 50% was payable in kind until the first anniversary of Closing Date, after which 50% is payable in cash, 37.5% is payable in kind, and the remaining 12.5% is payable in cash or in kind, at the Company’s option, subject in each case to adjustment under certain circumstances. Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears. All dividends that are paid in kind will accrete to, and increase, the Stated Value. The applicable dividend rate is subject to increase by 2% per annum during any period that the Company is in breach of certain provisions of the Certificate of Designation of the Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock has been classified as temporary equity as it may be contingently redeemable in the event of a change of control, which is outside of the Company's control.

Associated with the Series B Preferred Stock, the Company paid dividends of $3.3 million in kind and $3.3 million in cash during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and $9.0 million in kind and $10.6 million in cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company paid dividends of $2.3 million in kind and $3.9 million in cash during the three months ended

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September 30, 2021, and $8.6 million in kind and $10.0 million in cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 associated with the Series B Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had no accrued dividends.

The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at an initial conversion price of $5.00 (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to customary adjustments, including for stock splits and other reorganizations affecting the Common Stock and pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions for below market issuances. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the maximum number of shares of common stock that could be issued upon conversion of the outstanding shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was approximately 34.0 million and 32.2 million shares, respectively.




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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures within the meaning of Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. The Company's disclosure controls are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. The Company's disclosure controls are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our Disclosure Controls, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily applied its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.

As of September 30, 2022, our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022.

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of published financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Our internal control over financial reporting include those policies and procedures that:

•pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
•provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and
•provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2022. In making this assessment, management used the criteria in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our assessment using those criteria, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2022 was effective.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Changes in Internal Controls

There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II- OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time we are named as a defendant in legal actions arising from our normal business activities. Although we cannot predict with certainty the ultimate resolution of lawsuits, investigations and claims asserted against us, we do not believe any currently pending legal proceeding to which we are a party will have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Ownership of our securities involves a high degree of risk. Holders of our securities should carefully consider, in addition to the historical financial statements and related notes and other information set forth in this Report, the risk factors discussed in Part I - Item 1A - Risk Factors included in our 2021 Form 10-K, all of which could materially affect our business or future results. Except as set forth below, we are not currently aware of any material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our 2021 Form 10-K. If any of the risks or uncertainties described in any of such risk factors actually occur, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected in a material way. This could cause the trading prices of our securities to decline, perhaps significantly, and you may lose part or all of your investment.

The potential take-private transaction with Paine Schwartz may not occur, may increase the volatility of the market price of our common stock, and will result in certain costs and expenses.

On October 24, 2022, a special committee of the Company’s board of directors agreed with Paine Schwartz to pursue a transaction in which Paine Schwartz would acquire all of the outstanding common stock of the Company, which transaction would be conditioned upon, among other things, approval of the holders of a majority of the Common Stock owned by disinterested stockholders. This proposed transaction is not yet certain and is subject to, among other things, Paine Schwartz’s satisfaction of confirmatory diligence and negotiation and execution of definitive documentation. The potential timing of this proposed transaction, if effected, is not yet known, and no agreement between Paine Schwartz and the Company relating to the proposed transaction will be created unless definitive documentation is executed and delivered by the appropriate parties. There can be no assurance that the proposed transaction will result in a transaction occurring, its timing, or ultimate terms.

The market price of our common stock may reflect various assumptions as to whether the proposed transaction with Paine Schwartz will occur. Variations in the market price of our common stock may occur as a result of changing assumptions regarding the proposed transaction, independent of changes in our business, financial condition or prospects or changes in general market or economic conditions. As a result, the announcement of the execution of a definitive agreement regarding a transaction, or of a failure to reach a definitive agreement regarding a transaction, could result in a significant change in the market price of our common stock.

We expect to incur costs in connection with the consideration of the potential transaction with Paine Schwartz, including costs of financial and legal advisors. Transactions such as the proposed transaction with Paine Schwartz often attract litigation and the Company may be required to expend additional resources defending such litigation. It is difficult to estimate the aggregate amount of such costs, although they could be substantial. In addition, uncertainty associated with the potential transaction could adversely affect the Company's ability to attract, retain and motivate key employees, which could have a negative effect on our operations and business plans.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. Description
(1)Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 31, 2015.
(4)Certificate of Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
(1)Series A Certificate of Designation.
(6)Certificate of Designation of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.
(2)Amended and Restated Bylaws.
(3)Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of AgroFresh Solutions, Inc., effective as of September 3, 2015.
(5)Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of AgroFresh Solutions, Inc., effective as of November 2, 2017.
(1)Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
(1)Specimen Warrant Certificate.
*Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
*Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Act of 1934, as amended.
*Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

———————————————————————————————
*    Filed herewith.
(1)Incorporated by reference to an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6, 2015.
(2)Incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Company’s definitive proxy statement (File No. 001-36197) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 16, 2015.
(3)
Incorporated by reference to an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 10, 2015.
(4)Incorporated by reference to an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 7, 2017.
(5)Incorporated by reference to an exhibit to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2017.
(6)Incorporated by reference to an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 28, 2020.


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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.
 Date:November 9, 2022
 /s/ Clinton A. Lewis, Jr.
 By:Clinton A. Lewis, Jr.
Title:Chief Executive Officer
 
/s/ Graham Miao
By:Graham Miao
Title:Chief Financial Officer


40

EXHIBIT 31.1 
CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO
RULES 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a),
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Clinton A. Lewis, Jr., certify that:
 
1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.;
 
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:November 9, 2022
/s/ Clinton A. Lewis, Jr. 
By:Clinton A. Lewis, Jr. 
Title:Chief Executive Officer 

EXHIBIT 31.2 
CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO
RULES 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a),
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Graham Miao, certify that:
 
1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.;
 
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date:November 9, 2022
/s/ Graham Miao 
By:Graham Miao 
Title:Chief Financial Officer 

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO
18 USC. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of AgroFresh Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we, Clinton A. Lewis, Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer, and Graham Miao, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350 and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
 AgroFresh Solutions, Inc.
 Date:November 9, 2022
 /s/ Clinton A. Lewis, Jr.
 By:Clinton A. Lewis, Jr.
Title:Chief Executive Officer
 
/s/ Graham Miao
By:Graham Miao
Title:Chief Financial Officer