Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

  

 

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Medley Management Inc. is an alternative asset management firm offering yield solutions to retail and institutional investors. The Company's national direct origination franchise provides capital to the middle market in the United States of America. Medley Management Inc., through its consolidated subsidiary, Medley LLC, provides investment management services to permanent capital vehicles, long-dated private funds and separately managed accounts and serves as the general partner to the private funds, which are generally organized as pass-through entities. Medley LLC is headquartered in New York City.

The Company’s business is currently comprised of only one reportable segment, the investment management segment, and substantially all of the Company operations are conducted through this segment. The investment management segment provides investment management services to permanent capital vehicles, long-dated private funds and separately managed accounts. The Company conducts its investment management business in the U.S., where substantially all its revenues are generated.

Initial Public Offering of Medley Management Inc.

Medley Management Inc. was incorporated on June 13, 2014 and commenced operations on September 29, 2014 upon the completion of its initial public offering (“IPO”) of its Class A common stock. Medley Management Inc. raised $100.4 million , net of underwriting discount, through the issuance of 6,000,000 shares of Class A common stock at an offering price to the public of $18.00 per share. Medley Management Inc. used the offering proceeds to purchase 6,000,000 newly issued LLC Units (defined below) from Medley LLC. Prior to the IPO, Medley Management Inc. had not engaged in any business or other activities except in connection with its formation and IPO.

In connection with the IPO, Medley Management Inc. issued 100 shares of Class B common stock to Medley Group LLC (“Medley Group”), an entity wholly owned by the pre-IPO members of Medley LLC. For as long as the pre-IPO members and then-current Medley personnel hold at least 10% of the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock and LLC Units (defined below) (excluding those LLC Units held by Medley Management Inc.) then outstanding, the Class B common stock entitles Medley Group to a number of votes that is equal to 10 times the aggregate number of LLC Units held by all non-managing members of Medley LLC that do not themselves hold shares of Class B common stock and entitle each other holder of Class B common stock, without regard to the number of shares of Class B common stock held by such other holder, to a number of votes that is equal to 10 times the number of membership units held by such holder. The Class B common stock does not participate in dividends and does not have any liquidation rights.

  Medley LLC Reorganization

In connection with the IPO, Medley LLC amended and restated its limited liability agreement to modify its capital structure by reclassifying the 23,333,333 interests held by the pre-IPO members into a single new class of units (“LLC Units”). The pre-IPO members also entered into an exchange agreement under which they (or certain permitted transferees thereof) have the right, subject to the terms of an exchange agreement, to exchange their LLC Units for shares of Medley Management Inc.’s Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis , subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassifications. In addition, pursuant to the amended and restated limited liability agreement, Medley Management Inc. became the sole managing member of Medley LLC.

The pre-IPO owners were, subject to limited exceptions, prohibited from transferring any LLC Units held by them or any shares of Class A common stock received upon exchange of such LLC Units, until September 29, 2017, which was the third anniversary of the date of the closing of the IPO, without the Company’s consent. Thereafter and prior to the fourth and fifth anniversaries of the closing of the IPO, such holders may not transfer more than 33 1/3% and 66 2/3%, respectively, of the number of LLC Units held by them, together with the number of any shares of Class A common stock received by them upon exchange therefore, without the Company’s consent.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Medley Management Inc., Medley LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, “Medley” or the “Company”). Additionally, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and related financial information have been prepared pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain disclosures accompanying annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP may be omitted. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial results included herein contain all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for the fair presentation of financial statements for the interim periods included herein. Therefore, this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. The current period's results of operations will not necessarily be indicative of results that ultimately may be achieved for any future interim period or the full year ending December 31, 2018.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation , the Company consolidates those entities where it has a direct and indirect controlling financial interest based on either a variable interest model or voting interest model. As such, the Company consolidates entities that the Company concludes are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), for which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and entities in which it holds a majority voting interest or has majority ownership and control over the operational, financial and investing decisions of that entity.

For legal entities evaluated for consolidation, the Company must determine whether the interests that it holds and fees paid to it qualify as a variable interest in an entity. This includes an evaluation of the management fees and performance fees paid to the Company when acting as a decision maker or service provider to the entity being evaluated. If fees received by the Company are customary and commensurate with the level of services provided, and the Company does not hold other economic interests in the entity that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the expected losses or returns of the entity, the interest that the Company holds would not be considered a variable interest. The Company factors in all economic interests including proportionate interests through related parties, to determine if fees are considered a variable interest.

An entity in which the Company holds a variable interest is a VIE if any one of the following conditions exist: (a) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the legal entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) the holders of equity investment at risk have the right to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the legal entity’s economic performance, (c) the voting rights of some investors are disproportionate to their obligation to absorb losses or rights to receive returns from a legal entity. For limited partnerships and other similar entities, non-controlling investors must have substantive rights to either dissolve the fund or remove the general partner (“kick-out rights”) in order to not qualify as a VIE.

For those entities that qualify as a VIE, the primary beneficiary is generally defined as the party who has a controlling financial interest in the VIE. The Company is generally deemed to have a controlling financial interest if it has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes initially involved with the VIE and reconsiders that conclusion continuously. The primary beneficiary evaluation is generally performed qualitatively on the basis of all facts and circumstances. However, quantitative information may also be considered in the analysis, as appropriate. These assessments require judgment. Each entity is assessed for consolidation on a case-by-case basis. 

For those entities evaluated under the voting interest model, the Company consolidates the entity if it has a controlling financial interest. The Company has a controlling financial interest in a voting interest entity (“VOE”) if it owns a majority voting interest in the entity.

Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

Medley Management Inc. is the sole managing member of Medley LLC and, as such, it operates and controls all of the business and affairs of Medley LLC and, through Medley LLC, conducts its business. Under ASC 810, Medley LLC meets the definition of a VIE because the equity of Medley LLC is not sufficient to permit activities without additional subordinated financial support. Medley Management Inc. has the obligation to absorb expected losses that could be significant to Medley LLC and holds 100% of the voting power, therefore Medley Management Inc. is considered to be the primary beneficiary of Medley LLC.

As a result, Medley Management Inc. consolidates the financial results of Medley LLC and its subsidiaries and records a non-controlling interest for the economic interest in Medley LLC held by the non-managing members. As of March 31, 2018, Medley Management Inc.’s and the non-managing members’ economic interests in Medley LLC are 18.5% and 81.5% , respectively, and as of December 31, 2017, were 18.7% and 81.3% , respectively. Net income attributable to the non-controlling interests in Medley LLC on the consolidated statements of operations represents the portion of earnings attributable to the economic interest in Medley LLC held by its non-managing members. Non-controlling interests in Medley LLC on the consolidated balance sheets represents the portion of net assets of Medley LLC attributable to the non-managing members based on total LLC Units of Medley LLC owned by such non-managing members.

As of March 31, 2018 and 2017, Medley LLC had four majority owned subsidiaries, SIC Advisors LLC, Medley Seed Funding I LLC, Medley Seed Funding II LLC and STRF Advisors LLC, which are consolidated VIEs. Each of these entities were organized as a limited liability company and was legally formed to either manage a designated fund or to strategically invest capital as well as isolate business risk. As of March 31, 2018 , total assets and total liabilities, after eliminating entries, of these VIEs reflected in the consolidated balance sheets were $54.0 million and $12.9 million , respectively. As of December 31, 2017 , total assets and total liabilities, after eliminating entries, of these VIEs reflected in the consolidated balance sheets were $63.3 million

and $13.0 million , respectively. Except to the extent of the assets of these VIEs that are consolidated, the holders of the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities generally do not have recourse to the Company.

Seed Investments

The Company accounts for seed investments through the application of the voting interest model under ASC 810-10-25-1 through 25-14 and consolidates a seed investment when the investment advisor holds a controlling interest, which is, in general, 50% or more of the equity in such investment. For seed investments in which the Company does not hold a controlling interest, the Company accounts for such seed investment under the equity method of accounting, at its ownership percentage of such seed investment’s net asset value.

The Company seed funded $2.1 million to Sierra Total Return Fund ("STRF"), which commenced investment operations in June 2017. As of March 31, 2018 , the Company owned 100% of the equity of STRF and, as such, consolidated STRF in its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The condensed balance sheet of STRF as of March 31, 2018 is presented in the table below (in thousands).

As of March 31, 2018 , the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet reflects the elimination of $0.8 million of other assets, $0.8 million of accrued expenses and other liabilities and $2.1 million of equity as a result of the consolidation of STRF. As of December 31, 2017, the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet reflects the elimination of $1.0 million of other assets, $1.5 million of accrued expenses and other liabilities and $2.1 million of equity as a result of the consolidation of STRF. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the fund did not generate any significant income or losses from operations.

Non-Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

The Company holds interests in certain VIEs that are not consolidated because the Company is not deemed the primary beneficiary. The Company's interest in these entities is in the form of insignificant equity interests and fee arrangements. The maximum exposure to loss represents the potential loss of assets by the Company relating to these non-consolidated entities.

As of March 31, 2018 , the Company recorded investments, at fair value, attributed to these non-consolidated VIEs of $4.6 million , receivables of $1.7 million included as a component of other assets and a clawback obligation of $7.2 million included as a component of accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The clawback obligation assumes a hypothetical liquidation of a fund’s investments, at their then current fair values and a portion of tax distributions relating to performance fees which would need to be returned. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company recorded investments, at fair value, attributed to non-consolidated VIEs of $4.8 million , receivables of $2.4 million included as a component of other assets and a clawback obligation of $7.2 million included as a component of accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2018 , the Company’s maximum exposure to losses from these entities is $6.3 million .

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Management’s estimates are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions and estimates also require management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies. Significant estimates and assumptions by management affect the carrying value

of investments, performance compensation payable and certain accrued liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and such differences could be material.  

Non-Controlling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries represent the component of equity in such consolidated entities held by third-parties. These interests are adjusted for contributions to and distributions from Medley entities and are allocated income from Medley entities based on their ownership percentages. 

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests

Redeemable non-controlling interests represents interests of certain third parties that are not mandatorily redeemable but redeemable for cash or other assets at a fixed or determinable price or a fixed or determinable date, at the option of the holder or upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the Company. These interests are classified in the mezzanine section on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include liquid investments in money market funds and demand deposits. The Company had cash balances with financial institutions in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company monitors the credit standing of these financial institutions and has not experienced, and has no expectations of experiencing any losses with respect to such balances.

Investments

Investments include equity method investments that are not consolidated but over which the Company exerts significant influence. The Company measures the carrying value of its public non-traded equity method investment at Net Asset Value ("NAV") per share. The Company measures the carrying value of its privately-held equity method investments by recording its share of the underlying income or loss of these entities.

Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) resulting from changes in fair value of the equity method investments is reflected as a component of investment income in the consolidated statements of operations along with the income/ expense allocations from such investments. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.

The carrying amounts of equity method investments are reflected in investments in the consolidated balance sheets. As the underlying entities that the Company manages and invests in are, for U.S. GAAP purposes, primarily investment companies which reflect their investments at estimated fair value, the carrying value of the Company’s equity method investments in such entities approximates fair value. The Company evaluates its equity-method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.

For presentation in its consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company treats distributions received from certain equity method investments using the cumulative earnings approach. Under the cumulative earnings approach, an investor would compare the distributions received to its cumulative equity-method earnings since inception. Any distributions received up to the amount of cumulative equity earnings would be considered a return on investment and classified in operating activities. Any excess distributions would be considered a return of investment and classified in investing activities.

Investments also include publicly traded common stock. The Company measures the fair value of its publicly traded common stock at the quoted market price on the primary market or exchange on which they trade. Any realized gains (losses) from the sale of investments and unrealized appreciation (depreciation) resulting from changes in fair value are recorded in other income (expenses), net.

In connection with the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance, ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts, on January 1, 2018, the Company reassessed its accounting policy for performance fees earned during the period which represent a capital allocation to the general partner or investment manager. As a result of this reassessment the Company has determined that it should account for such performance fees within the scope of ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Accordingly, these performance fees are now classified as carried interest within investment income on the Company's consolidated statements of operations and balances due for such fees are included as a part of equity method investments within Investments, at fair value on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company has applied this change in accounting principle on a full retrospective basis, and prior periods presented have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation.

Investments also include the Company's investment in CK Pearl Fund, L.P. which is measured at cost less impairment. The Company performs a quantitative and qualitative assessment at each reporting date to determine whether the investment is impaired

and an impairment loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and fair value is recorded within other income (expenses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statement of operations if an impairment has been determined.

 Revenues  

As further described under Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Adopted as of January 1, 2018, the Company adopted new revenue recognition guidance for revenue from contracts with customers , effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of this new guidance did not have an impact on the Company's accounting for management fees, administrative fees and loan administration fees.

Management Fees

Medley provides investment management services to both public and private investment vehicles. Management fees include base management fees, other management fees, and Part I incentive fees, as described below.

Base management fees are calculated based on either (i) the average or ending gross assets balance for the relevant period, (ii) limited partners’ capital commitments to the funds, (iii) invested capital, (iv) NAV or (v) lower of cost or market value of a fund’s portfolio investments. Depending upon the contracted terms of the investment management agreement, management fees are paid either quarterly in advance or quarterly in arrears, and are recognized as earned over the period the services are provided. 

Certain management agreements provide for Medley to receive other management fee revenue derived from up front origination fees paid by the funds' and/or separately managed accounts' underlying portfolio companies. These fees are recognized when the Company becomes entitled to such fees.

Certain management agreements also provide for Medley to receive Part I incentive fee revenue derived from net investment income (excluding gains and losses) above a hurdle rate. As it relates to Medley Capital Corporation (“MCC”), these fees are subject to netting against realized and unrealized losses. Part I incentive fees are paid quarterly and are recognized as earned in the period the services are provided.

Performance Fees

Performance fees are contractual fees which do not represent a capital allocation to the general partner or investment manager that are earned based on the performance of certain funds, typically, the Company’s separately managed accounts. Performance fees are earned based on the fund performance during the period, subject to the achievement of minimum return levels in accordance with the respective terms set out in each fund’s investment management agreement.

Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, effective January 1, 2018, the Company accounted for performance fees under Method 2 of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition , for revenue based on a formula. Under this method, performance fees for any period were based upon an assumed liquidation of the underlying fund's net assets on the reporting date and were subject to reversal to the extent that cumulative previously recognized performance fees exceeded the amount due to the general partner or investment manager based on a fund's cumulative investment returns. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, the Company accounts for performance fees in accordance with this new standard, and will only recognize performance fees when it is probable that a significant reversal of such fees will not occur in the future.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company did no t record any performance fees. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recorded reversals of $2.6 million of previously recognized performance fees under the previous revenue recognition standard.

Other Revenues and Fees

Medley provides administrative services to certain affiliated funds and is reimbursed for direct and allocated expenses incurred in providing such administrative services, as set forth in the respective underlying agreements. These fees are recognized as revenue in the period administrative services are rendered. Medley also acts as the administrative agent on certain deals for which Medley may earn loan administration fees and transaction fees. These fees are recognized as revenue over the period to which the fees directly relate.

Carried Interest

Carried interest are performance based fees that represent a capital allocation to the general partner or investment manager. Carried interest is allocated to the Company based on cumulative fund performance to date, subject to the achievement of minimum return levels in accordance with the respective terms set out in each fund’s governing documents.

Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company accounted for carried interest under Method 2 of ASC 605, as previously described above. Upon adoption of ASC 606, the Company reassessed its accounting policy for carried interest, and determined that carried interest is within the scope of the accounting for equity method investments, ASC 323,  Investments-Equity Method and Joint

Ventures, and, as such, is not within the scope of ASC 606. Under ASC 323, the Company will record carried interest in a consistent manner as it historically had which is based upon an assumed liquidation of that fund's net assets as of the reporting date, regardless of whether such amounts have been realized. For any given period, carried interest on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations may include reversals of previously recognized carried interest due to a decrease in the value of a particular fund that results in a decrease of cumulative fees earned to date. Since fund return hurdles are cumulative, previously recognized carried interest also may be reversed in a period of appreciation that is lower than the particular fund's hurdle rate.

Carried interest received in prior peri ods may be required to be returned by the Company in future periods if the funds’ investment performance declines below certain levels. Each fund is considered separately in this regard and, for a given fund, carried interest can never be negative over the life of a fund. If upon a hypothetical liquidation of a fund’s investments, at their then current fair values, previously recognized and distributed carried interest would be required to be returned, a liability is established for the potential clawback obligation. As of March 31, 2018 , the Company had not received any carried interest distributions, except for tax distributions related to the Company’s allocation of net income, which included an allocation of carried interest. Pursuant to the organizational documents of each respective fund, a portion of these tax distributions may be subject to clawback. As of March 31, 2018 , the Company had accrued $7.2 million for clawback obligations that would need to be paid if the funds were liquidated at fair value as of the end of the reporting period. The Company’s actual obligation, however, would not become payable or realized until the end of a fund’s life.

Other Investment Income (loss)

Other investment income is comprised of unrealized appreciation (depreciation) resulting from changes in fair value of the Company's equity method investments in addition to the income/ expense allocations from such investments.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense relating to equity based awards are measured at fair value as of the grant date, reduced for actual forfeitures in the period they occur, and expensed over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis as a component of compensation and benefits on the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses for temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company also recognizes a tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is “more likely than not” that the position is sustainable based on its technical merits. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions and other tax matters as a component of its provision for income taxes. For interim periods, the Company accounts for income taxes based on its estimate of the effective tax rate for the year. Discrete items and changes in its estimate of the annual effective tax rate are recorded in the period they occur.

Medley Management Inc. is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes on its allocable portion of the income of Medley LLC at prevailing corporate tax rates. Medley LLC and its subsidiaries are not subject to federal, state and local corporate income taxes since all income, gains and losses are passed through to its members. However, a portion of taxable income from Medley LLC and its subsidiaries are subject to New York City’s unincorporated business tax, which is included in the Company’s provision for income taxes.

The Company analyzes its tax filing positions in all of the U.S. federal, state and local tax jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns, as well as for all open tax years in these jurisdictions. If, based on this analysis, the Company determines that uncertainties in tax positions exist, a liability is established.

Class A Earnings per Share

The Company computes and presents earnings per share using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, the Company allocates earnings between common stock and participating securities. The two-class method includes an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each class of common stock according to dividends declared and undistributed earnings for the period. For purposes of calculating earnings per share, the Company reduces its reported net earnings by the amount allocated to participating securities to arrive at the earnings allocated to Class A common stockholders. Earnings are then divided by the weighted average number of Class A common stock outstanding to arrive at basic earnings per share. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution beyond shares for basic earnings per share that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised, converted into common stock, or resulted in the issuance of common stock that would have shared in our earnings. Participating securities consist of the Company's unvested restricted stock units that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividend equivalent payments, whether paid or unpaid, in the number of shares outstanding in its basic and diluted calculations.

Reclassification of Prior year Presentation

On January 1, 2018, the Company elected a change in accounting policy to account for performance fees earned which represent a capital allocation to the general partner or investment manager under ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. As a result of this change in accounting policy, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. Performance fees earned which represent a capital allocation to the general partner or investment manager were reclassified from performance fees to investment income along with capital-based allocations of income and losses from our equity method investments, which were previously classified under other income (expense), net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. On the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet, receivable amounts related to such performance fees were reclassified from performance fees receivable to investments, at fair value. There were no changes to the income allocations from our equity method investments, which are still included within investments, at fair value. These reclassifications had no net effect on the reported condensed consolidated statements of operations or condensed consolidated balance sheets for any period.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Adopted as of January 1, 2018

In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting standards update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) , and since then, has issued several amendments intended to provide interpretive clarifications and to reduce the cost and complexity of applying the new revenue recognition standard, both at transition and on an ongoing basis. The core principle of this guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for such goods or services. To achieve this, entities will apply a five step approach: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations within the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the separate performance obligations and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, each performance obligation is satisfied. The guidance also requires advanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers.

This guidance became effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2018 and entities had the option of adopting this guidance using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach. The Company has adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. Under this method, the Company recognized the cumulative-effect of adoption of this guidance as an adjustment to equity as of January 1, 2018, as further described below, but did not restate prior periods presented in its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company’s current policy of recognizing performance fees earned from certain funds and separately managed accounts, which do not represent a capital allocation to the general partner or investment manager changed. Previously such fees were recognized on a hypothetical liquidation basis as of each reporting date (Method 2 of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition , for revenue based on a formula). Effective January 1, 2018, the Company will not be able to recognize such fees until such time that it is probable that a significant reversal in cumulative performance fees will not occur in the future. For performance fees earned which represent a capital allocation to the general partner or investment manager, the Company effected a change in accounting policy and now accounts for them under ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. As such, these types of performance fees are not in the scope of the new revenue recognition standard. The Company expects that the pattern and amount of recognition under this new policy will not differ materially from the Company’s historical recognition of such fees, however the presentation and disclosure of such fees and the income from capital allocations related to these fees were altered. This change in accounting policy for performance fees earned which represent a capital allocation to the general partner or investment manager was retrospectively applied.

Additionally, as of January 1, 2018, the Company no longer defers reimbursable organizational, offering and other pre-launch costs associated with a fund’s formation. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company began expensing such costs as incurred until the respective fund commences operations and receives third party committed capital. Reimbursements for these costs will be recognized as a component of other revenues in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations when the respective fund commences operations and receives third party committed capital.

As a result of the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance, the Company recorded a cumulative effect decrease to equity of $3.6 million , net of benefit from income taxes of $0.1 million , as of January 1, 2018, which relates to (1) certain performance fee revenue that would not have met the “probable that significant reversal will not occur” criteria of $3.0 million and (2) the reversal of reimbursable fund formation costs which were deferred on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet of $0.7 million . Also, certain reimbursable costs incurred on behalf of the Company's funds that were previously presented net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations are now presented on a gross basis beginning January 1, 2018. There were no changes from the way the Company previously recognized management fees, administrative fees and loan administration fees as the result of its adoption of ASU 2014-09 or its change in accounting policy for performance fees earned which represent a capital allocation to the general partner or investment manager

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , which requires that all investments in equity securities (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting) be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. This guidance eliminates the available-for-sale classification for equity securities with readily determinable fair values. However, companies may elect to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018. Under this new guidance, changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities will no longer be classified in the Company's consolidated statements of comprehensive income but rather as a component of other income (expense), net in its consolidated statements of operations. As a result of the adoption of this ASU, on January 1, 2018, the Company reclassed $1.3 million of cumulative unrealized losses, net of income tax benefit, from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income to accumulated deficit on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet. Also, on the adoption date, the Company elected the measurement alternative provided under ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities and will now account for its investment in CK Pearl Fund, L.P. at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The adoption of this guidance may have a significant impact to the consolidated statements of operations going forward as any changes to the fair value of the Company's publicly traded securities that were previously accounted for as available-for-sale securities will now be reflected within other income on the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting . This guidance clarifies when changes to share-based payment awards must be accounted for as modifications. The guidance requires an entity to apply modification accounting guidance if the value, vesting conditions or classification of the award changes but will provide relief to entities that make non-substantive changes to their share-based payment awards. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018. The Company has evaluated the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements, and it did not have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income . This guidance permits entities to reclassify tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) as a result of tax reform to retained earnings. An entity can apply this new guidance either (1) in the period of adoption or (2) retrospectively to each period in which the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act related to items in accumulated OCI are recognized. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-02 effective January 1, 2018 and applied this new guidance in the period of adoption. As a result, $0.2 million of income taxes stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income was reclassified to accumulated deficit.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . This guidance requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases, along with additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures. This new guidance will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements. However, the adoption of this guidance is expected to result in a significant increase in total assets and total liabilities, but is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities . ASU 2018-03 clarifies certain aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-01. This new guidance will become effective for the Company on July 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

The Company does not believe any other recently issued, but not yet effective, revisions to authoritative guidance will have a material effect on its consolidated balance sheets, results of operations or cash flows.

3. REVENUES FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The majority of the Company's revenues are derived from investment management and advisory contracts that are accounted for in accordance with the new revenue recognition standard, ASC 606.

Performance Obligations

Performance obligations are the unit of account under the new revenue recognition standard and represent the distinct goods or services that are promised to the customer. The majority of the Company's contracts have a single performance obligation to provide asset management, advisory and other related services to permanent capital vehicles, long-dated private funds and separately

managed accounts. The Company also has a separate performance obligation to act as an agent for certain third party lenders and provide loan administration services to certain borrowers. These loan administration services also represent a single performance obligation.

The Company primarily provides investment management services to a fund by managing the fund’s investments and maximizing returns on those investments. The Company’s asset management, advisory and other related services are transferred over time to the customer on a day-to-day basis. The contracts with each fund create a distinct performance obligation for each quarter the Company provides the promised services to the customer, from which the customer can benefit from each individual quarter of service. Furthermore, each quarter of the promised services is considered separately identifiable because there is no integration of the promised services between quarters, each quarter does not modify services provided prior to that quarter, and the services provided are not interdependent or interrelated. Most services provided to these funds are provided continuously over the contract period, so the services in the contract generally represents a single performance obligation comprising a series of distinct service periods. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to the series of distinct services that constitute a single performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.

The management fees earned by the Company are largely dependent on fluctuations in the market and, thus, the determination of such fees is highly susceptible to factors outside the Company's influence. Management fees typically have a large number and broad range of possible consideration amounts and historical experience is generally not indicative of future performance of the market. Hence, the Company is applying the exemption provided under the new revenue recognition guidance as the Company is unable to estimate the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied and the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation.

The new revenue recognition standard also revises the criteria for determining if an entity is acting as a principal or agent in certain arrangements. Depending on whether the Company is acting as the principal or as an agent, certain reimbursable expenses that were previously recorded net are now presented as an expense on a gross basis on the Company's condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Significant Judgments

The Company's contracts with customers generally include a single performance obligation to provide asset management, advisory and other related services on a quarterly basis. Revenues are recognized as such performance obligation is satisfied and the constraint on the management fees is lifted on a quarterly basis, hence, the Company does not need to exercise significant judgments in regards to management fees. Consideration for management fees is received on a quarterly basis as the performance obligations is satisfied.

With respect to performance fees based on the economic performance of its SMAs, significant judgment is required when determining recognition of revenues. Such judgments include the below:

As such, the Company will consider the above factors at each reporting period to determine whether there is an amount of the SMA performance fees which should be recognized as revenue because it is probable that there will not be a significant future revenue reversal, hence, the “constraint” on the performance fees has been lifted.

The Company accounts for performance fees which represent capital allocations to the general partner or investment manager pursuant to accounting rules relating to investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As such, these types of performance fees are not within the scope of the new revenue recognition standard and the above significant judgments and constraints do not apply to them. Refer to Note 2 “ Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ” and Note 4 " Investments " for additional information.

The Company's asset management, advisory and other related services are transferred over time and the Company recognizes these revenues over time as well.

Contract Balances

For certain customers, the Company has a performance obligation to provide loan administration services. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to such customers or receiving consideration. For the majority of these services cash deposits are received prior to the performance obligation being met. The performance obligation of acting as a loan administrator is satisfied over time, therefore, the Company defers any payments received upfront as deferred revenue and recognizes revenue on a pro-rata basis over time as the loan administrative services are performed.

These contract liabilities are reported as deferred revenue within accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and amounted to $0.3 million as of March 31, 2018. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized revenue from amounts included in deferred revenue of $0.2 million and received cash deposits of $0.2 million .

The Company did not have any contract assets as of March 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

Comparative Tables

As the Company adopted the new revenue guidance (ASC 606) under the modified retrospective method, the Company is required to present what the Company's revenues would have been under the previous revenue guidance (ASC 605). The following tables present the reconciliation between the financial statement line items reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2018 under ASC 606 to what would have been reported under the previous guidance ASC 605.