UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 40-F
(Check One)
[ ]
Registration statement pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
or
[X]
Annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018
Commission file number 1-35563
PEMBINA PIPELINE CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Alberta, Canada
 
4612
 
None
(Province or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number (if applicable))
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number (if Applicable))
Suite 4000, 585 – 8 th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 1G1
(403) 231-7500
(Address and Telephone Number of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
DL Services Inc., Columbia Center, 701 Fifth Avenue, Suite 6100, Seattle, Washington 98104-7043
(206) 903-8800
(Name, Address (Including Zip Code) and Telephone Number
(Including Area Code) of Agent For Service in the United States)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
Title of each class
Common Shares
Name of each exchange on which registered
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act. None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act. None
For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this Form:
[X] Annual Information Form
[X] Audited Annual Financial Statements
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 508,045,197.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No ____
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (s.232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes [X] No ____
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Emerging growth company ____




If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
____
FORM 40-F
 Principal Documents
The following documents, filed as Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F of Pembina Pipeline Corporation (“Pembina”), are hereby incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 40-F:
 
(a)
Annual Information Form for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 ; and
(b)
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 ; and Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 . Pembina’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 40-F have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Therefore, they are not comparable in all respects to financial statements of United States companies that are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles.
ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE
Certifications and Disclosure Regarding Controls and Procedures.
(a)
Certifications . See Exhibits 99.3, 99.4, 99.5 and 99.6 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F.
(b)
Disclosure Controls and Procedures . As of the end of Pembina’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 , an evaluation of the effectiveness of Pembina’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) was carried out by Pembina’s management, with the participation of its principal executive officer and principal financial officer. Based upon that evaluation, Pembina’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that as of the end of that fiscal year, Pembina’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Pembina in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to Pembina’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
It should be noted that while Pembina’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer believe that Pembina’s disclosure controls and procedures provide a reasonable level of assurance that they are effective, they do not expect that Pembina’s disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived or operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.

(c)
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting . The required disclosure is included in the “Management’s Report” that accompanies Pembina’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 , filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F.
(d)
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm . The required disclosure is included in the “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” that accompanies Pembina’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 , filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F.
(e)
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting . During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 , no changes were made in Pembina's internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect Pembina's internal control over financial reporting.

Notices Pursuant to Regulation BTR.
 
None.
 

40-F 2



Audit Committee Financial Expert.
Pembina’s board of directors has determined that David M.B. LeGresley, and Gordon J. Kerr, members of Pembina’s audit committee, each qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” (as such term is defined in Form 40-F) and are “independent” as that term is defined in the rules of the New York Stock Exchange.
 
Code of Ethics .
 
Pembina has adopted a Code of Ethics that meets the definition of a “code of ethics” set forth in Form 40-F, and that applies to principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, and persons performing similar functions.

On October 31, 2018, Pembina amended its Code of Ethics to clarify its expectations and guidelines for its personnel with respect to conflicts of interest, personal enrichments and benefits received from third parties, lobbying and political contributions and it also sets out the additional responsibilities of management.

The description above is qualified in its entirety by reference to the amended Code of Conduct which is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.8 and incorporated herein by reference.
 
The Code of Ethics is available for viewing on Pembina’s website at www.pembina.com , and is available in print to any shareholder who requests it. Requests for copies of the Code of Ethics should be made by contacting: Investor Relations by phone at (855) 880-7404 or by e-mail at investor-relations@pembina.com .
 
Since the date on which Pembina became subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, there have not been any other amendments to, or waivers, including implicit waivers, granted from, any provision of the Code of Ethics.
If any amendment to the Code of Ethics is made, or if any waiver from the provisions thereof is granted, Pembina may elect to disclose the information about such amendment or waiver required by Form 40-F to be disclosed, by posting such disclosure on Pembina’s website, which may be accessed at www.pembina.com.
 
Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
 
The required disclosure is included under the heading “Audit Committee Information-External Auditor Service Fees” in Pembina’s Annual Information Form for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 , filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F.
 
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures.
 
(a)
Pembina’s full audit committee pre-approves all audit and non-services provided to Pembina by its external auditor, KPMG LLP. Also see “Audit Committee Information-Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures for Audit and Non-Audit Services” in Pembina’s Annual Information Form for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 , filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F.
(b)
Of the fees reported in Exhibit 99.1 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F under the heading “Audit Committee Information-External Auditor Service Fees”, none of the fees billed by KPMG LLP were approved by Pembina’s audit committee pursuant to the de minimis exception provided by Section (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements.
 
Pembina does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
 
Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations.
 
The required disclosure is included under the heading “Contractual Obligations” in Pembina’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 , filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F.
 

40-F 3



Identification of the Audit Committee.
 
Pembina has a separately-designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act. The members of the audit committee are: Gordon J. Kerr, Maureen E. Howe, David M.B. LeGresley, Bruce D. Rubin and Henry W. Sykes.
 
Mine Safety Disclosure.
 
Not applicable.
 
New York Stock Exchange Disclosure .
 
Presiding Director at Meetings of Non-Management Directors
 
Pembina schedules regular executive sessions in which Pembina’s “non-management directors” (as that term is defined in the rules of the New York Stock Exchange) meet without management participation. Mr. Randall J. Findlay serves as the presiding director (the “Presiding Director”) at such sessions. Each of Pembina’s non-management directors is “independent” within the meaning of the rules of the New York Stock Exchange.
 
Pembina also holds executive sessions at least once per year in which Pembina’s independent directors meet without participation from management or non-independent directors.

Communication with Non-Management Directors
Shareholders may send communications to Pembina’s non-management directors by writing to Jeffrey T. Smith, Chair of the governance committee of the board of directors, c/o Investor Relations, Pembina Pipeline Corporation, 4000, 585 – 8 th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta T2P 1G1. Communications will be referred to the Presiding Director for appropriate action. The status of all outstanding concerns addressed to the Presiding Director will be reported to the board of directors as appropriate.
 
Corporate Governance Guidelines
 
In accordance with Section 303A.09 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, Pembina has adopted a set of corporate governance guidelines with respect to certain specified matters. Such guidelines are available for viewing on Pembina’s website at www.pembina.com .
 
Board Committee Mandates
 
The Charters of Pembina’s audit committee, human resources, health and compensation committee, safety and environment committee and governance, nominating and corporate social responsibility committee are each available for viewing on Pembina’s website at www.pembina.com .
 
NYSE Statement of Governance Differences
 
As a Canadian corporation listed on the NYSE, Pembina is not required to comply with most of the NYSE corporate governance standards, so long as it complies with Canadian corporate governance practices. In order to claim such an exemption, however, Pembina must disclose the significant difference between its corporate governance practices and those required to be followed by U.S. domestic companies under the NYSE’s corporate governance standards. Pembina has included a description of such significant differences in corporate governance practices on its website, which may be accessed at www.pembina.com .


40-F 4



UNDERTAKING AND CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS
 
 
A.
Undertaking.
 
Pembina undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to: the securities registered pursuant to Form 40-F; the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form 40-F arises; or transactions in said securities.
 
 
B.
Consent to Service of Process.
 
Pembina has previously filed a Form F-X in connection with the class of securities in relation to which the obligation to file this report arises.
 
Any change to the name or address of the agent for service of process of Pembina shall be communicated promptly to the Commission by an amendment to the Form F-X referencing the file number of Pembina.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 40-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 21, 2019.
 
 
Pembina Pipeline Corporation
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ “ M.H. Dilger”
 
Name:
M.H. Dilger
 
Title:
President & Chief Executive Officer



40-F 5



EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
 
Description
 
 
 
99.1

 
99.2

 
99.3

 
99.4

 
99.5

 
99.6

 
99.7

 
99.8

 
101

 
Interactive Data Files




Exhibit 99.1




A2018AIFVERSION6IMAGE1.JPG



PEMBINA PIPELINE CORPORATION





ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM



For the Year Ended December 31, 2018



February 21, 2019

 
 



TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
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ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSIONS
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NON-GAAP MEASURES
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Premium Dividend TM  and Dividend Reinvestment Plan
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Terms used in this Annual Information Form and not otherwise defined have the meanings set forth below:
" 2015 Base Shelf Prospectus " means the final short form base shelf prospectus filed with the securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in each of the provinces of Canada on March 18, 2015 allowing Pembina to offer and issue, from time to time: (i) Common Shares; (ii) Class A preferred shares; (iii) Debt Securities; (iv) warrants to purchase Common Shares and Debt Securities; and (v) subscription receipts of Pembina (together with the foregoing, collectively, the " 2015 Securities ") of up to $5,000,000,000 aggregate initial offering price of 2015 Securities (or the equivalent thereof in one or more foreign currencies or composite currencies, including U.S. dollars) during the 25 month period that the 2015 Base Shelf Prospectus was valid;
" 2017 Base Shelf Prospectus " means the final short form base shelf prospectus filed with the securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in each of the provinces of Canada on July 27, 2017 allowing Pembina to offer and issue, from time to time: (i) Common Shares; (ii) Class A preferred shares; (iii) warrants to purchase Common Shares; (iv) subscription receipts of Pembina; and (v) units comprising any combination of the foregoing (together with the foregoing, collectively, the " 2017 Securities ") of up to $3,000,000,000 aggregate initial offering price of 2017 Securities (or the equivalent thereof in one or more foreign currencies or composite currencies, including U.S. dollars) during the 25 month period that the 2017 Base Shelf Prospectus is valid, which 2017 Securities may be offered separately or together, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined based on market conditions at the time of the sale and set forth in one or more shelf prospectus supplements;
" ABCA " means the Business Corporations Act (Alberta), R.S.A. 2000, c. B-9, as amended from time to time, including the regulations promulgated thereunder;
" ABSA " means the Alberta Boilers Safety Association;
" AEGS " means the Alberta Ethane Gathering System comprised of 1,330 km of integrated pipeline legs that span the southern and central portions of Alberta;
" AEGS Notes " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of the Business – Developments in 2018 ";
" AER " means the Alberta Energy Regulator;
" Alliance " means Alliance Canada and Alliance U.S.;
" Alliance Canada " means Alliance Pipeline Limited Partnership;
" Alliance Canada Marketing " means Alliance Canada Marketing L.P.;
" Alliance Pipeline " means the entire Alliance pipeline system of approximately 3,850 km, including the approximately 3,000 km high-pressure transmission pipeline that runs from northeastern British Columbia to delivery points near Chicago, Illinois, approximately 730 km of lateral pipelines in Canada, the approximately 130 km Tioga lateral, and related infrastructure;
" Alliance U.S. " means Alliance Pipeline L.P.;
" AUC " means the Alberta Utilities Commission;
" Aux Sable " means collectively, Aux Sable Canada, Aux Sable U.S. and Alliance Canada Marketing;
" Aux Sable Canada " means Aux Sable Canada LP and Aux Sable Canada Ltd.;
" Aux Sable U.S. " means, collectively, Aux Sable Liquids Products Inc., Aux Sable Liquid Products LP and Aux Sable Midstream LLC;
" BAR " means Pembina’s business acquisition report dated October 26, 2017 in respect of the Veresen Acquisition;
" B.C. Pipelines " means, collectively, the NEBC Pipeline and the Western Pipeline, as well as certain connector pipelines and provincially regulated pipelines located in British Columbia;

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" BCEAO " means the British Columbia Environmental Assessment Office;
" BCOGC " means the British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission;
" BCUC " means the British Columbia Utilities Commission;
" Board " or " Board of Directors " means the board of directors of Pembina from time to time;
" Brazeau Pipeline " means the Brazeau NGL pipeline system, which includes approximately 500 km of pipelines, including gathering laterals, that transport NGL from natural gas processing plants southwest of Edmonton, Alberta to Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta;
" Canadian Diluent Hub " or " CDH " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Pipelines Division ";
" Channahon Facility " means Aux Sable’s 2.1 bcf/d NGL extraction and fractionation facility in Channahon, Illinois;
" Cheecham Lateral " means the lateral pipeline and related facilities, as expanded, delivering synthetic crude oil from a pump station on the Syncrude Pipeline to a terminalling facility located near Cheecham, Alberta;
" Chevron " means Chevron Canada Limited;
" CICA " means the Canadian Institute of Chartered Professional Accountants;
" CKPC " means Canada Kuwait Petrochemical Corporation;
" Class A Preferred Shares " means class A preferred shares of Pembina, issuable in series, and, where the context requires, includes the Series 1 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 2 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 3 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 4 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 5 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 6 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 7 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 8 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 9 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 10 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 11 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 12 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 13 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 14 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 15 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 16 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 17 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 18 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 19 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 20 Class A Preferred Shares, the Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares and the Series 22 Class A Preferred Shares;
" Class B Preferred Shares " means class B preferred shares of Pembina;
" Common Shares " means the common shares of Pembina;
" Company " or " Pembina " means Pembina Pipeline Corporation, an ABCA corporation, and, unless the context otherwise requires, includes its subsidiaries;
" condensate " means a hydrocarbon mixture consisting primarily of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbon liquids;
" Credit Facilities " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Credit Facilities ";
" CRP " means Cutbank Ridge Partnership, a partnership between Encana and Cutbank Dawson Gas Resources Ltd., a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Corporation;
" Cutbank Complex " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division ";
" Cutbank Gas Plant " means Pembina's shallow cut sweet gas processing facility located at 07-16-062-08 W6M;
" DBRS " means DBRS Limited;
" deep cut " means ethane-plus extraction gas processing capabilities;

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" Drayton Valley Pipeline " means the Drayton Valley pipeline system, which includes approximately 1,000 km of pipelines, including gathering laterals, that transport crude oil and condensate from the area southwest of Edmonton, Alberta to Edmonton;
" DRIP " means Pembina's Premium Dividend TM() and Dividend Reinvestment Plan and all associated agreements, which were amended and restated effective January 6, 2016, and suspended effective April 25, 2017;
" Duvernay I " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Development of Pembina – Developments in 201 7";
" Duvernay II " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division – Gas Services ";
" Duvernay III " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division – Gas Services ";
" Duvernay Complex " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division – Gas Services ";
" EDGAR " means the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system;
" Empress " has the meaning ascribed thereto under the heading " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division – Gas Services ";
" Encana " means Encana Corporation;
" ENT " has the meaning ascribed thereto under the heading " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Pipelines Division ";
" Equity Accounted Investees " means Pembina’s working interest in Alliance, Aux Sable, Ruby Pipeline Holding Company, LLC, CKPC, Veresen Midstream, Grand Valley I Limited Partnership and Fort Corp;
" FEED " means front end engineering design;
" FERC " means the United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission;
" Financial Statements " means Pembina's audited consolidated financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2018;
" Form 40-F " means Pembina's annual report on Form 40-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC;
" Fort Corp " means, collectively, Fort Saskatchewan Ethylene Storage Corporation and Fort Saskatchewan Ethylene Storage Limited Partnership;
" Fund " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Corporate Structure – Name, Address and Formation ";
" GAAP " means the generally accepted accounting principles established by the CICA or any successor thereto which are in effect from time to time in Canada;
" Horizon Expansion " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2016 ";
" Horizon Pipeline " means the pipeline system and related facilities, as expanded by the Horizon Expansion, designed to deliver synthetic crude oil from the Horizon Project into the Edmonton, Alberta area. See " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Pipelines Division ";
" Horizon Project " means the Horizon Oil Sands Project located approximately 70 km north of Fort McMurray, Alberta;
" HSE " has the meaning ascribed thereto under the heading " Other Information Relating to Pembina's Business – Operating Management System ";

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" HVP " means high vapour pressure;
" Hythe Gas Plant " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2018 ";
" IFRS " means the International Financial Reporting Standards, including International Accounting Standards and Interpretations, together with their accompanying documents, which are set by the International Accounting Standards Board, the independent standard-setting body of the International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation (the " IASC Foundation "), and the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee, the interpretative body of the IASC Foundation, but only to the extent the same are adopted by the CICA as GAAP in Canada and then subject to such modifications thereto as are agreed by CICA;
" Jordan Cove " means Jordan Cove Energy Project L.P.;
" Jordan Cove LNG Project " means the proposed development, construction and operation of a liquefied natural gas production and export facility and related infrastructure on the west coast of the U.S.;
" Kakwa Gas Plant " means Pembina's 50 percent interest in the shallow cut sweet gas processing facility located at 01-35-060-05 W6M;
" Kakwa River Deep Cut Plant " means Pembina's 50 percent interest in the raw to deep cut sour gas processing facility located at 01-35-060-05 W6M;
" Kakwa River Shallow Cut Plant " means Pembina's 50 percent interest in the shallow cut sweet gas processing facility located at 01-35-060-05 W6M;
" KRIA Agreement " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2017 ";
" KUFPEC " means Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company;
" LGS " means the Liquids Gathering Pipeline System, which includes approximately 400 km of pipelines, including gathering laterals, that transport NGL from northeastern B.C. to Gordondale, Alberta;
" LPG " means liquified petroleum gas;
" LVP " means low vapour pressure;
" MD&A " means Pembina's management's discussion and analysis for the year ended December 31, 2018, an electronic copy of which is available on Pembina's profile on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com, in Pembina's annual report on Form 40-F filed on the EDGAR website at www.sec.gov, or at www.pembina.com;
" Medium Term Notes " means, collectively, the Pembina Medium Term Notes and the Veresen Medium Term Notes;
" Medium Term Notes, Series 1 " means the $250 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued March 29, 2011. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Medium Term Notes, Series 2 " means the $450 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued October 22, 2012. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Medium Term Notes, Series 3 " means, collectively, the $200 million, $150 million and $100 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued April 30, 2013, February 2, 2015 and June 16, 2015, respectively. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Medium Term Notes, Series 4 " means the $600 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued April 4, 2014. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";

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" Medium Term Notes, Series 5 " means the $450 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued February 2, 2015. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Medium Term Notes, Series 6 " means the $500 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued June 16, 2015. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Medium Term Notes, Series 7 " means the $500 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued August 11, 2016. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Medium Term Notes, Series 8 " means, collectively, the $300 million and $350 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued January 20, 2017 and August 16, 2017, respectively. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Medium Term Notes, Series 9 " means, collectively, the $300 million and $250 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued January 20, 2017 and August 16, 2017, respectively. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Medium Term Notes, Series 10 " means the $400 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued March 26, 2018. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Medium Term Notes, Series 11 " means the $300 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Pembina issued March 26, 2018. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Mitsue Pipeline " means the pipeline system and related facilities delivering condensate from Whitecourt, Alberta to Utikuma, Alberta for use as diluent for heavy oil;
" MTN Prospectus " means the final short form base shelf prospectus filed with the securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in each of the provinces of Canada on July 27, 2017 allowing Pembina to offer and issue, from time to time, medium term notes (the " 2017 Medium Term Notes ") of Pembina of up to $3,000,000,000 aggregate principal amount or, if offered at an original issue discount, aggregate offering price, of 2017 Medium Term Notes (or the equivalent thereof in one or more foreign currencies or composite currencies, including U.S. dollars) during the 25 month period that the MTN Prospectus is valid, which 2017 Medium Term Notes may be offered at rates of interest, prices and on terms to be determined based on market conditions at the time of the sale and set forth in one or more shelf prospectus supplement or pricing supplements;
" Musreau I " means the Musreau A, Musreau C and Musreau D trains, shallow cut sweet gas processing facility, owned 100 percent by Pembina, and Pembina's 50 percent interest in the Musreau B train, located at 04-25-062-06 W6M;
" Musreau II " means Pembina's 100 MMcf/d shallow cut sweet gas processing plant and associated NGL and gas gathering pipelines near Musreau I;
" Musreau III " means Pembina’s 100 MMcf/d shallow cut sweet gas processing facility near Musreau I and II;
" Musreau Deep Cut " means the 205 MMcf/d NGL extraction facility and related 10 km NGL sales pipeline connected to the Peace Pipeline and located at the Musreau I facility;
" NEB " means the National Energy Board;
" NEBC Expansion " means Pembina’s expansion to its pipeline infrastructure in northeastern British Columbia increasing the capacity of the NEBC Pipeline by approximately 75 Mbpd;
" NEBC Pipeline " means the pipeline system and related facilities, as expanded by the NEBC Expansion, delivering crude oil and condensate from northeastern British Columbia to Taylor, British Columbia;
" NGL " means natural gas liquids, including ethane, propane, butane and condensate;

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" Nipisi Pipeline " means the pipeline system and related facilities delivering blended heavy oil from Utikuma, Alberta to Edmonton, Alberta;
" North Central Liquids Hub " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2017 ";
" Northern Pipeline " means the pipeline system and related facilities delivering NGL from Belloy, Alberta to Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta;
" Northwest Pipeline " means the pipeline system and related facilities delivering crude oil from northeastern British Columbia to Boundary Lake, Alberta;
" NWRP " has the meaning ascribed thereto under the heading " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division – NGL Services ";
" NYSE " means the New York Stock Exchange;
" OMS " has the meaning ascribed thereto under the heading " Other Information Relating to Pembina's Business – Operating Management System ";
" Option Plan " means the stock option plan of Pembina approved by the Shareholders on May 26, 2011, as amended effective November 30, 2016;
" PDH/PP Facility " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2018 ";
" Peace Pipeline " means the pipeline system and related facilities delivering light crude oil, condensate, propane mix (C 3 +) and ethane mix (C 2 +) from northwestern Alberta to Edmonton, Alberta and to Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta;
" PEIMP " means the Pressure Equipment Integrity Management Program;
" Pembina Medium Term Notes " means, collectively, the Medium Term Notes, Series 1, the Medium Term Notes, Series 2, the Medium Term Notes, Series 3, the Medium Term Notes, Series 4, the Medium Term Notes, Series 5, the Medium Term Notes, Series 6, the Medium Term Notes, Series 7, the Medium Term Notes, Series 8, the Medium Term Notes, Series 9, the Medium Term Notes, Series 10 and the Medium Term Notes, Series 11;
" Pembina Note Indenture " means the indenture dated March 29, 2011 between Pembina, Pouce Coupé Pipe Line Ltd., Plateau Pipe Line Ltd., Alberta Oil Sands Pipeline Ltd., Pembina Pipeline (an Alberta partnership), Pembina North Limited Partnership, Pembina West Limited Partnership, Pembina Oil Sands Pipeline L.P., Pembina Marketing Ltd., Pembina Midstream Limited Partnership, Pembina Gas Services Ltd., Pembina Gas Services Limited Partnership and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as supplemented by the first supplemental note indenture dated April 2, 2012 between Pembina, Pembina NGL Corporation, 1598313 Alberta Ltd., Provident Infrastructure and Logistics LP, Provident Midstream Holdings GP ULC, Provident Midstream Inc., Provident GP Inc., Provident Facilities (NGL) Ltd., Provident Facilities (NGL) L.P., 1195714 Alberta Ltd., 1444767 Alberta Ltd., Provident Energy Pipeline Inc., Empress NGL Partnership, Kinetic Resources (LPG), Pro Holding Company, Provident Midstream (USA) Inc., Pro US LLC, Pro Midstream Company, Kinetic Resources (U.S.A.), Pro GP Corp., Pro LP Corp., Terraquest, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as further supplemented by the second supplemental note indenture dated October 24, 2014 among Pembina, Pembina Prairie Facilities Ltd., Pembina Prairie Facilities Holdco Ltd. and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, and as further supplemented by the third supplemental indenture dated April 4, 2018 between Pembina and Computershare Trust Company of Canada providing for the issuance of the Pembina Medium Term Notes and the AEGS Notes;
" Phase III Expansion " means pipeline expansions, underpinned by long-term, fee-for-service agreements in Pembina's operating areas, following and expanding on certain segments of Pembina's existing Northern and Peace Pipeline systems from Taylor, British Columbia southeast to Edmonton, Alberta increasing the capacity on the system by approximately 420 Mbpd;
" Phase IV Expansion " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2017 ";
" Phase V Expansion " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2017 ";

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" Phase VI Expansion " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2018 ";
" Phase VII Expansion " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2018 ";
" Phase VIII Expansion " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2018 ";
" PHMSA " means the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration;
" PIC " means Petrochemical Industries Company K.S.C., a subsidiary of the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, a company owned by the State of Kuwait;
" Plan " has the meaning ascribed thereto under the heading " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Common Shares ";
" Plateau Pipeline " means the pipeline system delivering crude oil, condensate and HVP hydrocarbon products from Taylor, British Columbia to Dawson Creek, British Columbia;
" PMM " has the meaning ascribed thereto under the heading " Other Information Relating to Pembina's Business –Operations and Maintenance – Operator Qualification and Preventative Maintenance System ";
" Pouce Coupé Pipeline " means the pipeline system and related facilities delivering sweet crude oil and HVP hydrocarbon products from Dawson Creek, British Columbia to Pouce Coupé, Alberta;
" Premium Dividend™ " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Premium Dividend™ and Dividend Reinvestment Plan ";
" Prince Rupert Terminal " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2017 " and " Description of Pembina’s Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division – NGL Services ";
" Redemption Amount " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class B Preferred Shares ";
" Resthaven Expansion " means Pembina’s 100 MMcf/d (gross) expansion of its Resthaven Facility and the completion of a gas gathering pipeline to deliver gas into Resthaven;
" Resthaven Facility " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations –– Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division – Gas Services ";
" RFS " or " Redwater " has the meaning ascribed to it under " Description of Pembina’s Business and Operations – Facilities Division – NGL Services ".
" RFS I " means Pembina's 73 Mbpd NGL fractionator at Redwater, Alberta;
" RFS II " means Pembina's second 73 Mbpd NGL fractionator at Redwater, Alberta;
" RFS III " means Pembina's 55 Mbpd propane-plus fractionator at Redwater, Alberta;
" Ruby Pipeline " means a gas transmission pipeline that runs from the Opal hub in Wyoming to the Malin hub in Oregon;
" S&P " means Standard & Poor's Rating Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies;
" Saturn I " means Pembina's deep cut NGL extraction facility located in the Berland area of Alberta with 200 MMcf/d of extraction capacity;
" Saturn II " means Pembina's second deep cut NGL extraction facility in the Berland area, a twin of Saturn I;

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" Saturn Complex " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division – Gas Services ";
" Saturn Phase II Plant " means Veresen Midstream’s 200 MMcf/d gross gas processing facility in the Montney region;
" SCADA " means supervisory control and data acquisition. See " Other Information Relating to Pembina's Business – Information and Communication Systems ";
" SEC " means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission;
" SEDAR " means the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval;
" SEEP " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division – Gas Services ";
" Series 1 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 1 of Pembina, issued July 26, 2013. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 2 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 2 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 1 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 3 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 3 of Pembina, issued October 2, 2013. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 4 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 4 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 3 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 5 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 5 of Pembina, issued January 16, 2014. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 6 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 6 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 5 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 7 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 7 of Pembina, issued September 11, 2014. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 8 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 8 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 7 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 9 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 9 of Pembina, issued April 10, 2015. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 10 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 10 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 9 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 11 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable minimum rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 11 of Pembina, issued January 15, 2016. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 12 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 12 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 11 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";

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" Series 13 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable minimum rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 13 of Pembina, issued April 27, 2016. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 14 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 14 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 13 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 15 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 15 of Pembina, issued in exchange for the Veresen Series A Preferred Shares on October 2, 2017. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 16 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 16 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 15 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 17 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 17 of Pembina, issued in exchange for the Veresen Series C Preferred Shares on October 2, 2017. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 18 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 18 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 17 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 19 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 19 of Pembina, issued in exchange for the Veresen Series E Preferred Shares on October 2, 2017. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 20 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 20 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 19 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable minimum rate reset Class A Preferred Shares, series 21 of Pembina, issued December 7, 2017. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series 22 Class A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, series 22 of Pembina, issuable on conversion of the Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ";
" Series A Senior Notes " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Other Debt ";
" Series C Senior Notes " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Other Debt ";
" Series D Senior Notes " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Other Debt ";
" Series F Convertible Debentures " means the 5.75 percent convertible unsecured subordinated debentures issued by Provident Energy Ltd. on April 29, 2011 and assumed by Pembina in April 2012, which matured on December 31, 2018;
" shallow cut " means sweet gas processing with propane and/or condensate-plus extraction capabilities;
" Shareholders " means the holders of Common Shares;
" SMP " has the meaning ascribed thereto under the heading " Other Information Relating to Pembina's Business –Security Management Program ";
" Sunrise Plant " means Veresen Midstream’s 400 MMcf/d gross gas plant in the Montney region;

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" Syncrude Pipeline " means the pipeline system and related facilities delivering synthetic crude oil from the Syncrude Project into the Edmonton, Alberta area;
" Syncrude Project " means the joint venture that was formed for the recovery of oil sands, crude bitumen or products derived from the Athabasca oil sands, located near Fort McMurray, Alberta;
" take-or-pay " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina’s Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Pipelines Division – Conventional Pipelines – Firm Contracts ";
" Taylor to Belloy Pipeline " means the pipeline and related facilities delivering NGL from Taylor, British Columbia to Belloy, Alberta;
" Taylor to Boundary Lake Pipeline " means the pipeline and related facilities delivering sweet HVP hydrocarbon products from Taylor, British Columbia to Boundary Lake, Alberta;
" throughput " means volume of product delivered through a pipeline;
" Tower Liquids Hub " means Veresen Midstream’s liquids handling facility located near the Sunrise, Tower and Saturn Phase II Plants;
" Tower Plant " means Veresen Midstream’s 200 MMcf/d gross rich gas processing complex in the Montney region;
" TSX " means the Toronto Stock Exchange;
" Vantage Expansion " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2016 ";
" Vantage Pipeline " means the HVP pipeline that links ethane from the North Dakota Bakken play to the petrochemical market in Alberta, originating from a large-scale gas plant in Tioga, North Dakota extending approximately northwest through Saskatchewan and terminating near Empress, Alberta, where it is connected to the AEGS;
" Veresen " means Veresen Inc.;
" Veresen Acquisition " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2017 ";
" Veresen Common Shares " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " General Developments of Pembina – Developments in 2017 ";
" Veresen Medium Term Note Indenture " means the trust indenture dated November 22, 2011 between Veresen and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as supplemented by the first supplemental note indenture dated March 14, 2012 between Veresen and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as further supplemented by the second supplemental note indenture dated June 13, 2014 between Veresen and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, and as further supplemented by the third supplemental note indenture dated November 10, 2016 between Veresen and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, providing for the issuance of the Veresen Medium Term Notes;
" Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 1 " means the $150 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Veresen issued November 22, 2011 and assumed by Pembina on October 2, 2017. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 3 " means the $50 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Veresen issued March 14, 2012 and assumed by Pembina on October 2, 2017. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 4 " means the $200 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Veresen issued June 13, 2014 and assumed by Pembina on October 2, 2017. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";

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" Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 5 " means the $350 million aggregate principal amount of medium term notes of Veresen issued November 7, 2016 and assumed by Pembina on October 2, 2017. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ";
" Veresen Medium Term Notes " means, collectively, the Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 1, the Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 3, the Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 4 and the Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 5;
" Veresen Midstream " means Veresen Midstream Limited Partnership, a limited partnership owned by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pembina and affiliates of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P.;
" Veresen Preferred Shares " means the Veresen Series A Preferred Shares, the Veresen Series B Preferred Shares, the Veresen Series C Preferred Shares, the Veresen Series D Preferred Shares, the Veresen Series E Preferred Shares and the Veresen Series F Preferred Shares;
" Veresen Series A Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable preferred shares, series A of Veresen, issued February 14, 2012;
" Veresen Series B Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable preferred shares, series B of Veresen, which were issuable on conversion of the Veresen Series A Preferred Shares;
" Veresen Series C Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable preferred shares, series C of Veresen, issued October 21, 2013;
" Veresen Series D Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable preferred shares, series D of Veresen, which were issuable on conversion of the Veresen Series C Preferred Shares;
" Veresen Series E Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable preferred shares, series E of Veresen, issued April 1, 2015;
" Veresen Series F Preferred Shares " means the cumulative redeemable preferred shares, series F of Veresen, which were issuable on conversion of the Veresen Series E Preferred Shares;
" WCSB " means the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin;
" Western Pipeline " means the pipeline system and related facilities delivering crude oil from Taylor, British Columbia to Prince George, British Columbia;
" Williams Pipeline " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business –Pipelines Division – Transmission Pipelines "; and
" Younger " has the meaning ascribed thereto under " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations – Overview of Pembina’s Business – Facilities Division – NGL Services ".
All dollar amounts set forth in this Annual Information Form are in Canadian dollars unless otherwise indicated. References to "$" or "C$" are to Canadian dollars and references to "US$" are to U.S. dollars. On February 20, 2019, the daily exchange rate reported by the Bank of Canada, was C$1.00 equals US$0.7594.
Except where otherwise indicated, all information in this Annual Information Form is presented as at the end of Pembina's most recently completed financial year, being December 31, 2018.
A reference made in this Annual Information Form to other documents or to information or documents available on a website does not constitute the incorporation by reference into this Annual Information Form of such other documents or such other information or documents available on such website, unless otherwise stated.

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ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSIONS
In this Annual Information Form, the following abbreviations have the indicated meanings:
mbbls

mmbbls
thousands of barrels, each barrel representing 34.972 Imperial gallons or 42 U.S. gallons
millions of barrels
Mbpd
thousands of barrels per day
mmbpd
millions of barrels per day
MMcf/d
million cubic feet per day
mboe/d
mmboe/d
bcf/d
thousands of barrels of oil equivalent per day
millions of barrels of oil equivalent per day
billion cubic feet per day
km
kilometres
CO 2 e
carbon dioxide equivalent
MW
megawatt
Barrels of oil equivalent (" boe ") may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. A boe conversion ratio of 6 mcf of natural gas: 1 bbl of crude oil is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and does not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead.
The following table sets forth certain standard conversions between Standard Imperial Units and the International System of Units (or metric units).
To convert from
To
Multiply by
bbls
cubic metres
0.59
cubic metres
bbls
6.293
miles
kilometres
1.609
kilometres
miles
0.621

NON–GAAP MEASURES
Pembina's Financial Statements, which may be found on Pembina's profile on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com, and in Pembina's annual report on Form 40-F filed on Pembina's profile on the EDGAR website at www.sec.gov, are presented in compliance with IFRS. Certain financial information included in such Financial Statements is contained or incorporated by reference within this Annual Information Form.
Readers should take note, however, that within this Annual Information Form, terms are used by management to evaluate the performance of Pembina and its businesses that are not defined by GAAP. Since non-GAAP measures do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies, securities regulations require that non-GAAP measures be clearly defined, qualified and reconciled to their nearest GAAP measure. These non-GAAP measures are calculated and disclosed on a consistent basis from period to period. Specific adjusting items may only be relevant in certain periods; however, prior periods have not been restated as there is no significant impact.
The intent of non-GAAP measures is to provide additional useful information with respect to Pembina's operational and financial performance to investors and analysts, though the measures do not have any standardized meaning under IFRS. The measures should not, therefore, be considered in isolation or used in substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS. Other issuers may calculate these non-GAAP measures differently or use different non-GAAP measures.

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In particular, in this Annual Information Form, the terms "net revenue" and "operating margin" are used to describe certain financial information of Pembina. Readers should be cautioned that net revenue and operating margin are not defined by GAAP and are included in this Annual Information Form to describe certain financial information of Pembina and should not be construed as alternatives to revenue, earnings, gross profit, or other measures of financial results determined in accordance with GAAP as indicators of Pembina's performance.
" Net revenue " is a non-GAAP financial measure which is defined as total revenue less cost of goods sold including product purchases. Management believes that net revenue provides investors with a single measure to indicate the margin on sales before non-product operating expenses that is comparable between periods. Management utilizes net revenue to compare consecutive results in the Marketing & New Ventures Division and the Facilities Division and to aggregate revenue generated by each of Pembina's Divisions and to set comparable objectives.
" Operating margin " is a non-GAAP financial measure which is defined as gross profit on a proportionately consolidated basis before depreciation and amortization included in operations and unrealized gain/loss on commodity-related derivative financial instruments from assets directly held and proportionate interest in operating margin from equity accounted investees. Pembina's proportionate share of results from investments in equity accounted investees with a preferred distribution is presented in operating margin as a 50 percent common interest. Management believes that operating margin provides useful information to investors for assessing the financial performance of the Company's operations and equity investments. Management utilizes operating margin in setting objectives and views it as a key performance indicator of the Company's success.
For more information with respect to financial measures which have not been defined by GAAP, including reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see the " Non–GAAP Measures " section of the MD&A and " Investments in Equity Accounted Investees " section of the unaudited supplementary information dated February 21, 2019 and posted on Pembina’s website at www.pembina.com, which sections are incorporated by reference herein.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION
Certain statements contained in this Annual Information Form constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation (collectively, " forward-looking statements "). All forward-looking statements are based on Pembina's current expectations, estimates, projections, beliefs, judgments and assumptions based on information available at the time the applicable forward-looking statement was made and in light of Pembina’s experience and its perception of historical trends. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as "anticipate", "continue", "estimate", "expect", "may", "will", "project", "should", "could", "would", "believe", "plan", "intend", "design", "target", "undertake", "view", "indicate", "maintain", "explore", "entail", "schedule", "objective", "strategy", "likely", "potential", "outlook", "aim", "propose", "goal", and similar expressions suggesting future events or future performance.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. Pembina believes the expectations reflected in those forward-looking statements are reasonable, but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct and such forward-looking statements included in this Annual Information Form should not be unduly relied upon. The forward-looking statements included herein speak only as of the date of the Annual Information Form.
In particular, this Annual Information Form contains forward-looking statements pertaining to, among other things, the following:
the future levels and sustainability of cash dividends that Pembina intends to pay to its Shareholders, the dividend payment dates and the tax treatment thereof;
planning, construction, capital expenditure estimates, schedules, regulatory and environmental applications and anticipated approvals, expected capacity, incremental volumes, in-service dates, rights, activities, benefits and operations with respect to new construction of, or expansions on existing pipelines, gas services facilities, fractionation facilities, terminalling, storage and hub facilities and other facilities or energy infrastructure, as well as the impact of Pembina's new projects on its future financial performance;
pipeline, processing, fractionation and storage facility and system operations and throughput levels;

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treatment under existing and proposed governmental regulatory regimes, including taxes, environmental, project assessment and greenhouse gas regulations and related abandonment and reclamation obligations, and Aboriginal, landowner and other stakeholder consultation requirements;
Pembina's estimates of and strategy for payment of future abandonment costs and decommissioning obligations, and deferred tax liability;
Pembina's strategy and the development and expected timing of new business initiatives, growth opportunities and the impact thereof;
increased throughput potential, processing capacity and fractionation capacity due to increased oil and gas industry activity and new connections and other initiatives on Pembina's pipelines and at Pembina's facilities;
expected future cash flows and the sufficiency thereof, financial strength, sources of and access to funds at attractive rates, future contractual obligations, future financing options, future renewal of credit facilities, availability of capital to fund growth plans, operating obligations and dividends and the use of proceeds from financings;
future demand for Pembina’s infrastructure and services;
tolls and tariffs, and processing, transportation, fractionation, storage and services commitments and contracts;
operating risks (including the amount of future liabilities related to pipeline spills and other environmental incidents) and related insurance coverage and inspection and integrity programs;
inventory and pricing of commodities;
the future success, growth, expansions, contributions, capacity expectations, results of operations, financial strength of certain of Pembina’s Equity Accounted Investments;
compliance by the Company with ABSA and other integrity regulatory compliance requirements, including planned activities under its PEIMP;
the effectiveness and impact of Pembina’s OMS and other policies;
the impact of the current commodity price environment on Pembina; and
competitive conditions and Pembina's ability to position itself competitively in the industry.
Various factors or assumptions are typically applied by Pembina in drawing conclusions or making the forecasts, projections, predictions or estimations set out in forward-looking statements based on information currently available to Pembina. These factors and assumptions include, but are not limited to:
oil and gas industry exploration and development activity levels and the geographic region of such activity;
the success of Pembina's operations;
prevailing commodity prices, interest rates, tax rates and exchange rates and the ability of Pembina to maintain current credit ratings;
the availability of capital to fund future capital requirements relating to existing assets and projects;
expectations regarding participation in Pembina's pension plan;
future operating costs, including geotechnical and integrity costs, being consistent with historical costs;
oil and gas industry compensation levels remaining consistent with historical levels;

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in respect of current developments, expansions, planned capital expenditures, completion dates and capacity expectations: that third parties will provide any necessary support; that any third-party projects relating to Pembina's growth projects will be sanctioned and completed as expected; that any required commercial agreements can be reached; that all required regulatory and environmental approvals can be obtained on the necessary terms in a timely manner; that counterparties will comply with contracts in a timely manner; that there are no unforeseen events preventing the performance of contracts or the completion of the relevant facilities; and that there are no unforeseen material costs relating to the facilities which are not recoverable from customers;
in respect of the stability of Pembina's dividends: prevailing commodity prices, margins and exchange rates; that Pembina's future results of operations will be consistent with past performance and management expectations in relation thereto; the continued availability of capital at attractive prices to fund future capital requirements relating to existing assets and projects, including, but not limited to, future capital expenditures relating to expansion, upgrades and maintenance shutdowns; the success of growth projects; future operating costs; that counterparties to agreements will continue to perform their obligations in a timely manner; that there are no unforeseen events preventing the performance of contracts; and that there are no unforeseen material construction or other costs related to current growth projects or current operations;
prevailing regulatory, tax and environmental laws and regulations and tax pool utilization; and
the amount of future liabilities relating to lawsuits and environmental incidents and the availability of coverage under Pembina's insurance policies (including in respect of Pembina's business interruption insurance policy).
The actual results of Pembina could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements included in this Annual Information Form as a result of the material risk factors set forth below:
the regulatory environment and decisions, and Aboriginal and landowner consultation requirements;
the impact of competitive entities and pricing;
the failure to realize the anticipated benefits or synergies of the Veresen Acquisition;
reliance on third parties to successfully operate and maintain certain assets;
labour and material shortages;
reliance on key relationships and agreements and the outcome of stakeholder engagement;
the strength and operations of the oil and natural gas production industry and related commodity prices;
non-performance or default by counterparties to agreements which Pembina or one or more of its subsidiaries has entered into in respect of its business;
actions by governmental or regulatory authorities, including changes in tax laws and treatment, changes in royalty rates, changes in regulatory processes or increased environmental regulation;
fluctuations in operating results;
adverse general economic and market conditions in Canada, North America and worldwide, including changes, or prolonged weaknesses, as applicable, in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, supply/demand trends and overall industry activity levels;
constraints on, or the unavailability of, adequate infrastructure;
changes in the political environment, in North America and elsewhere, and public opinion;
ability to access various sources of debt and equity capital;

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changes in credit ratings;
technology and security risks including cyber-security risks;
natural catastrophes; and
other risk factors as set out in this Annual Information Form under " Risk Factors ."
These factors should not be construed as exhaustive. Unless required by law, Pembina does not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Any forward-looking statements contained herein are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement.

CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Name, Address and Formation
Pembina Pipeline Corporation is a corporation amalgamated under the ABCA. It is the successor to Pembina Pipeline Income Fund (the "Fund") following the completion of the reorganization of the Fund from an income trust structure to a corporate structure by way of plan of arrangement involving the Fund, Pembina and the holders of the Fund's trust units, pursuant to which the trust was reorganized into Pembina on October 1, 2010. Pembina is also the successor to Veresen following the completion of the Veresen Acquisition on October 2, 2017, whereby, among other things, Pembina amalgamated with Veresen and the resulting entity continued as "Pembina Pipeline Corporation". Pembina's principal and registered office is located at Suite 4000, 585 - 8th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P 1G1.
Pembina's Subsidiaries
The following chart indicates Pembina's material subsidiaries, including their jurisdictions of incorporation, formation or organization and the percentage of voting securities owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, by Pembina or its subsidiaries.
Principal Subsidiaries (1)
Jurisdiction of Incorporation/Formation/ Organization
Ownership
Pembina Pipeline
Alberta
100%
Pembina Gas Services Limited Partnership
Alberta
100%
Pembina Oil Sands Pipeline L.P.
Alberta
100%
Pembina Midstream Limited Partnership
Alberta
100%
Pembina Infrastructure and Logistics LP
Alberta
100%
Pembina Holding Canada L.P.
Alberta
100%
Pembina U.S. Corporation
Delaware, U.S.
100%
(1)  
Subsidiaries are omitted where, at Pembina's most recent financial year-end: (i) the total assets of the subsidiary do not exceed 10 percent of Pembina's consolidated assets; (ii) the revenue of the subsidiary does not exceed 10 percent of Pembina's consolidated revenue; and (iii) the conditions in (i) and (ii) would be satisfied if the omitted subsidiaries were aggregated, and the reference in (i) and (ii) changed from 10 percent to 20 percent.
Amended Articles
On May 13, 2013, Pembina filed articles of amendment under the ABCA to create a new class of shares, the Class A Preferred Shares, to change the designation and terms of the Class B Preferred Shares, and to increase the maximum number of directors of Pembina from eleven to thirteen, after receiving Shareholder approval for such amendments.

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On October 2, 2017, Pembina filed articles of amendment under the ABCA to create the Series 15, Series 16, Series 17, Series 18, Series 19 and Series 20 Class A Preferred Shares.
On October 2, 2017, Pembina filed articles of amalgamation under the ABCA to effect the amalgamation of Pembina and Veresen pursuant to the Veresen Acquisition. Pursuant to the Veresen Acquisition, all of the outstanding Veresen Series A, C and E Preferred Shares were exchanged for Series 15, 17 and 19 Class A Preferred Shares, respectively. The Series 15, 17 and 19 Class A Preferred Shares have substantially the same terms and conditions as the previously outstanding Veresen Series A, C and E Preferred Shares. The Series 16, 18 and 20 Class A Preferred Shares have substantially the same terms and conditions as the Veresen Series B, D and F Preferred Shares.
On December 1, 2017, Pembina filed articles of amendment under the ABCA to create the Series 21 and Series 22 Class A Preferred Shares.
GENERAL DEVELOPMENTS OF PEMBINA
During the three-year period ending on December 31, 2018 and 2019 year-to-date, Pembina continued to execute its business plan and advance its growth strategy as discussed below.
Developments in 2016
January 15
Pembina completed a bought deal offering of 6,800,000 Series 11 Class A Preferred Shares at a price of $25.00 per Series 11 Class A Preferred Share pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated January 8, 2016 under its 2015 Base Shelf Prospectus, for aggregate gross proceeds of $170 million. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ."
February 25
Pembina announced that it had entered into agreements for the construction of a new pipeline lateral in the Altares area of British Columbia, which would transport production from the Montney resource play and will connect into Pembina's NEBC Expansion.
March 17
Pembina announced that its Board of Directors approved a 4.9 percent increase in its monthly Common Share dividend rate from $0.1525 per Common Share to $0.16 per Common Share.
March 29
Pembina completed a bought deal offering of 15,335,250 Common Shares at a price of $30.00 per Common Share pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated March 18, 2016 under its 2015 Base Shelf Prospectus, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $345 million.
March
Pembina commissioned three new storage tanks at its ENT, which provided a total of 550 mbbls of additional crude oil storage capacity, more than doubling the total capacity of the ENT.
April
Pembina commissioned RFS II.
April
Pembina completed and placed into service Musreau III.
April 6
Pembina announced that it had exercised $500 million of its accordion feature under its Credit Facilities, increasing the funds available to $2.5 billion.
April 11
Pembina announced a joint feasibility study with PIC, for the evaluation of a world-scale combined propane dehydrogenation and polypropylene upgrading facility in Alberta.
April 20
Pembina announced the completion of its acquisition of sour natural gas processing assets in the Kakwa area of Alberta. The acquired assets included a sour natural gas processing complex and associated infrastructure, and preliminary engineering studies, licenses and surface rights for the future construction of a sour natural gas processing facility.
April 21
Pembina announced that it had received approval from the AER relating to the construction of two 270 km, 24" and 16" pipelines between Fox Creek and Namao, Alberta, as part of the Phase III Expansion.

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April 27
Pembina completed a bought deal offering of 10,000,000 Series 13 Class A Preferred Shares at a price of $25.00 per Series 13 Class A Preferred Share pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated April 18, 2016 under its 2015 Base Shelf Prospectus, for aggregate gross proceeds of $250 million. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ."
May
Pembina completed and placed into service the Resthaven Expansion.
May 31
Pembina announced that it had entered into agreements related to constructing associated infrastructure relating to Duvernay I, including condensate, gas and water field handling, a gas gathering trunk line and a fuel line.
August 11
Pembina issued and sold $500 million aggregate principal amount of Medium Term Notes, Series 7 pursuant to a pricing supplement dated August 8, 2016 under its 2015 Base Shelf Prospectus, as supplemented by a prospectus supplement thereto dated June 11, 2015. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ."
November 3
Pembina announced that it had completed the expansion of the Vantage Pipeline and the Horizon Pipeline, increasing Vantage's mainline capacity from 40 Mbpd to approximately 68 Mbpd through the addition of mainline pump stations and the construction of a new 80 km, 8" gathering lateral (the " Vantage Expansion "), and increasing the capacity on the Horizon Pipeline to 250 Mbpd through the upgrading of mainline pump stations and other facility modifications (the " Horizon Expansion ").
December 5
Pembina announced its capital spending plan of approximately $1.9 billion for 2017, directed mainly at multi-year execution projects and long-term value creation.
December 5
Pembina's previously announced proposed propane dehydrogenation and polypropylene upgrading facility was conditionally awarded $300 million in royalty credits from the Alberta Government's Petrochemicals Diversification Program.
Developments in 2017
January 5
Pembina announced that it had received regulatory approval for and initiated construction on the NEBC Expansion.
January 20
Pembina issued and sold $300 million aggregate principal amount of Medium Term Notes, Series 8 and $300 million aggregate principal amount of Medium Term Notes, Series 9 pursuant to two pricing supplements dated January 17, 2017 under its 2015 Base Shelf Prospectus, as supplemented by a prospectus supplement thereto dated June 11, 2015. Pembina used the net proceeds from the sale of the Medium Term Notes, Series 8 and Series 9 to repay short-term debt, as well as to fund Pembina's capital program and other general corporate purposes. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ."
February 16
Pembina announced that it entered into a 20-year infrastructure development and service agreement (the " KRIA   Agreement ") with Chevron. The KRIA Agreement includes an area of dedication by Chevron, in the Duvernay resource play near Fox Creek, Alberta. Under the KRIA Agreement, and subject to Chevron sanctioning development in the region, Chevron has the right to require Pembina to construct, own and operate gas gathering pipelines and processing facilities, liquids stabilization facilities and other supporting infrastructure for the area of dedication, together with Pembina providing long-term service for Chevron on its pipelines and fractionation facilities.  In aggregate, and subject to internal Chevron and regulatory approvals, the infrastructure developed over the term of the KRIA Agreement has the potential to represent a multi-billion dollar investment by Pembina.  While the KRIA Agreement and respective obligations of the parties are binding, infrastructure development remains contingent upon Chevron sanctioning development, as well as necessary environmental and regulatory approvals.
March 7
Pembina announced that its Board of Directors suspended its DRIP, effective April 25, 2017.
April 3
Pembina announced that its Board of Directors approved a 6.25 percent increase in its monthly Common Share dividend rate from $0.16 per Common Share to $0.17 per Common Share.

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April 3
Pembina announced two new expansions to its Peace and Northern Pipeline systems for a total estimated capital cost of $325 million: (i) the Fox Creek and Namao pump stations (" Phase IV Expansion "), which is comprised of two pump stations on the 24 inch pipeline from Fox Creek to Namao, Alberta; and (ii) the Lator to Fox Creek expansion (" Phase V Expansion "), an approximately 95 km, 20-inch pipeline from Lator to Fox Creek, Alberta, both of which were placed into service in December 2018. The Phase IV Expansion increased pipeline capacity by an incremental 180 Mbpd and the Phase V Expansion increased pipeline capacity by an incremental 260 Mbpd.
April 11
Pembina announced that it signed a non-binding letter of intent with Prince Rupert Legacy Inc. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of the City of Prince Rupert) for Pembina to develop a liquefied petroleum gas terminal on Watson Island (the " Prince Rupert Terminal "), lands wholly owned by Prince Rupert Legacy Inc.
May 1
Pembina announced that it entered into an arrangement agreement with Veresen, whereby Pembina offered to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Veresen by way of a plan of arrangement under the ABCA.
May
Pembina announced that Grant Billing did not stand for re-election and Bruce D. Rubin had been appointed to Pembina's Board of Directors.
May 15
Pembina announced that it, along with PIC, reached key milestones for the previously announced proposed integrated propylene and polypropylene production facility in Sturgeon County, Alberta, including 50/50 joint venture agreements and the formation of CKPC.
June 30
Pembina placed its Phase III Expansion into service.
June 30
Pembina announced that in conjunction with the Phase III Expansion, RFS III was also placed into service. Backstopped by long-term, take-or-pay contracts, RFS III added 55 Mbpd of additional propane-plus fractionation capacity and leveraged the designs of RFS I and RFS II. This resulted in Pembina’s Redwater complex having an aggregate fractionation capacity of approximately 210 Mbpd.
July 1
Scott Burrows was appointed as the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Pembina, and Harry Andersen was appointed as the Senior Vice President, External Affairs & Chief Legal Officer of Pembina.
July 11
Pembina announced that the common and preferred shareholders of Veresen, at separate special meetings of shareholders, voted to approve the Veresen Acquisition.
July 12
Pembina announced that the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta approved the Veresen Acquisition.
August 16
Pembina issued and sold $350 million aggregate principal amount of Medium Term Notes, Series 8 and $250 million aggregate principal amount of Medium Term Notes, Series 9, through a re-opening, pursuant to its MTN Prospectus, as supplemented by two pricing supplements thereto dated August 14, 2017. Pembina used the net proceeds from the sale of the Medium Term Notes, Series 8 and Series 9 to repay short-term indebtedness, as well as to fund Pembina's capital program and for other general corporate purposes. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ."
September 28
Pembina announced additional project enhancements to the Phase V Expansion which would increase pipeline capacity by an incremental 45 Mbpd upstream of La Glace, Alberta.
October 2
Pembina announced the closing of its acquisition of Veresen (" Veresen Acquisition ") pursuant to which Pembina acquired all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Veresen (" Veresen Common Shares ") and Veresen Preferred Shares, by way of a plan of arrangement under the ABCA, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the arrangement agreement dated May 1, 2017 between Pembina and Veresen. Pursuant to the Veresen Acquisition, Veresen subsequently amalgamated with Pembina and continued under the name "Pembina Pipeline Corporation". Additional information relating to the Veresen Acquisition is provided in the BAR, which has been filed on SEDAR.
October 2
Pembina announced that its Board of Directors approved a 5.88 percent increase in its monthly Common Share dividend rate from $0.17 per Common Share to $0.18 per Common Share.

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October 2
Maureen Howe, Henry Sykes and Doug Arnell were appointed to the Board of Directors.
November 1
Pembina placed its NEBC Expansion and its Altares lateral into service.
November 1
Pembina placed its Duvernay Complex into service, which included Duvernay I and the associated field hub.
November 6
Pembina announced that it executed agreements to construct and operate the first tranche of infrastructure development under the KRIA Agreement, including raw product separation and water removal, a condensate stabilization facility with approximately 30 Mbpd of raw inlet condensate handling capacity, a 100 MMcf/d gas processing facility with approximately 5 Mbpd of propane-plus liquids capacity and a 10-inch condensate pipeline lateral that will connect to the Peace Pipeline, for an expected capital cost of $290 million, with an anticipated in-service date of mid to late 2019.
November 29
Pembina announced its capital spending plan of approximately $1.3 billion for 2018, directed mainly at multi-year execution projects and long-term value creation.
November 29
Pembina announced that its Board of Directors approved the development of the Prince Rupert Terminal, with an expected capacity of approximately 25 Mbpd, and an expected in-service date in mid-2020, subject to the receipt of necessary regulatory and environmental approvals.
November 29
Pembina announced the sanctioning of the development of a liquids hub (" North Central Liquids Hub "), which supports operations for CRP within the Montney region. This project is being advanced through Veresen Midstream. The North Central Liquids Hub will provide separation and stabilization of increased condensate volumes from CRP to support the recently in-service Sunrise Plant and Saturn Phase II Plant.
December 7
Pembina completed a bought deal offering of 16,000,000 Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares at a price of $25.00 per Series 21 Class A Preferred Share pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated November 30, 2017 under its 2017 Base Shelf Prospectus, for aggregate gross proceeds of $400 million. Pembina used the net proceeds from the sale of the Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares for capital expenditures and to reduce its indebtedness under the Credit Facilities. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares ."
Developments in 2018
January 2
Pembina announced the appointment of newly created positions within Pembina's executive team effective January 1, 2018, reporting to Mick Dilger, Pembina's President and Chief Executive Officer: Jason Wiun, Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Pipelines; Jaret Sprott, Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Facilities; Stu Taylor, Senior Vice President Marketing and New Ventures and Corporate Development Officer; and Paul Murphy, Senior Vice President and Corporate Services Officer.
January 23
March 9


Veresen Midstream placed its Saturn Phase II Plant into service.
Pembina extended its revolving credit facility to May 31, 2023. Concurrently, Pembina entered into a $1 billion non-revolving term loan facility (the " Term Loan ") for an initial three-year term that is pre-payable at the Company’s option. The other terms and conditions of the Term Loan, including financial covenants, are substantially similar to Pembina’s Revolving Credit Facility.
March 26



Pembina issued and sold $400 million aggregate principal amount of Medium Term Notes, Series 10 and $300 million aggregate principal amount of Medium Term Notes, Series 11, pursuant to its MTN Prospectus, as supplemented by two pricing supplements thereto dated March 22, 2018. Pembina used the net proceeds from the sale of the Medium Term Notes, Series 10 and Series 11 to repay short-term indebtedness, as well as to fund Pembina's capital program and for other general corporate purposes. See " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Medium Term Notes ."
March 28
Pembina commenced a binding open season for expansion capacity commitments on the Alliance Pipeline.

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March 29
Ruby Pipeline, L.L.C., in which Pembina owns a 50 percent preferred interest, amended the maturity date of its US$203 million 364-Day term loan, originally maturing March 30, 2018 to March 28, 2019. The term loan will continue to amortize at US$15.6 million per quarter (US$7.8 million net), beginning March 30, 2018, until a final bullet payment of US$141 million (US$71 million net) is payable on the amended maturity date.
April 4

Pembina entered into a note exchange agreement with holders of senior notes previously issued by AEGS (“ AEGS Notes ”) to exchange the AEGS Notes for Series A Senior Notes of Pembina under Pembina’s Note Indenture. The coupon for the Series A Senior Notes remained the same at 5.565 percent per annum and they are non-amortizing with a bullet payment of $73 million at maturity on May 4, 2020.
April 9
Pembina changed its operations management structure to be organized by three divisions: Pipelines, Facilities and Marketing & New Ventures and was effective January 1, 2018.
April 20
Veresen Midstream amended its senior secured credit facilities that were originally scheduled to mature on March 31, 2020. Under the term of the amendment and extension reached with a syndicate of lenders, Veresen Midstream increased its borrowing capacity to $200 million under the revolving credit facility and to $2.550 billion of availability under the term loan A and used the proceeds to repay an existing US$705 million term loan B on April 30, 2018. Other terms and conditions in the facilities were modified to reflect the operating nature of the business, including modifying the covenant package and increasing the permitted distributions out of Veresen Midstream. The maturity date of the two debt facilities was extended to April 20, 2022.
May 3

Pembina announced a further expansion of its Peace Pipeline system for a total estimated capital cost of $280 million ("Phase VI Expansion"), which is comprised of upgrades at Gordondale, Alberta, a 16-inch pipeline from La Glace to Wapiti, Alberta and associated pump station upgrades, and a 20-inch pipeline from Kakwa to Lator, Alberta, with an expected in-service date in the second half of 2019, subject to environmental and regulatory approvals.
September 24

Pembina announced that it will be developing additional pipeline and terminalling infrastructure in the Wapiti region near Grande Prairie, Alberta and in northeastern B.C. for the capital cost of $120 million.
November 1

Pembina announced a further expansion of the Peace Pipeline system ("Phase VII Expansion"), which is comprised of a new 20-inch, approximately 220 km pipeline in the La Glace-Valleyview-Fox Creek corridor, as well as six new pump stations, between La Glace and Edmonton, Alberta. The Phase VII Expansion will add approximately 240,000 bpd of incremental capacity upstream of Fox Creek, Alberta accessing capacity available on the mainlines downstream of Fox Creek, with an expected in-service date in the first half of 2021.
November 1

Pembina announced that it and Veresen Midstream had executed binding agreements whereby Veresen Midstream will construct natural gas gathering and processing infrastructure in the Pipestone Montney region with Pembina also constructing various laterals connecting to the company's Peace Pipeline system. The infrastructure consists of several separate projects: (i) an expansion of up to 125 MMcf/d (57 MMcf/d net to Pembina), of sour gas processing at Veresen Midstream's existing Hythe facility (the " Hythe Gas Plant "); (ii) the construction, by Veresen Midstream, of a new, approximately 60 km, 12-inch sour gas pipeline to transport natural gas to the Hythe Gas Plant; and (iii) the construction, by Pembina, of various laterals to connect to Pembina's Peace Pipeline system. The Hythe developments have an expected in-service date in late 2020, subject to regulatory and environmental approvals.
November 1
Pembina announced that it executed further agreements to construct and operate the second tranche of infrastructure development under the KRIA Agreement, including (i) a 100 MMcf/d sweet gas, shallow cut processing facility with approximately 5 Mbpd of propane-plus liquids capacity (the " Duvernay III "); (ii) a condensate stabilization facility with approximately 20,000 bpd of raw inlet condensate handling capacity; and (iii) water handling infrastructure, for an expected capital cost of $165 million with an anticipated in-service date of mid-to-late 2020, subject to regulatory and environmental approvals.
December 10
Pembina announced its capital spending plan of approximately $1.6 billion for 2019, directed mainly at multi-year execution projects and long-term value creation.
December 17
Pembina announced the release of its first sustainability report highlighting its environmental, social and governance performance.
December 31
Pembina’s Series F Convertible Debentures matured on December 31, 2018.
December
Phase IV and Phase V were placed into service.

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Developments to date in 2019
January 31
Pembina announced a further expansion of the Peace Pipeline system ("Phase VIII Expansion"), which is comprised of a new 10-inch and 16-inch pipeline in the Gordondale to La Glace corridor as well as a series of pump stations located between Gordondale and Fox Creek, Alberta. Sanctioning of the Phase VIII Expansion remains subject to securing sufficient long-term, take-or-pay commitments, with an expected in-service date in the first half of 2022. The Phase VIII Expansion has an estimated capital cost of approximately $500 million and is supported by 10-year contracts with take-or-pay provisions. Phase VIII is anticipated to be placed into service in stages starting in 2020 through the first half of 2022, subject to regulatory and environmental approvals.
February 4
Pembina and PIC announced the positive final investment decision on the previously announced $4.5 billion, 550,000 tonne per annum integrated propane dehydrogenation plant and polypropylene upgrading facility in Sturgeon County, Alberta (the " PDH/PP Facility " ), through their equally-owned joint venture entity, CKPC. The PDH/PP Facility will be located adjacent to RFS and will convert approximately 23 Mbpd of locally supplied propane into polypropylene, a high value polymer used in a wide range of finished products, including automobiles, medical devices, food packaging and home electronic appliances, among others. Pembina's net investment is expected to be $2.5 billion. This project is expected to be in-service mid-2023, subject to environmental and regulatory approvals.
February 6
Pembina announced Mr. Doug Arnell’s resignation from the Board.

DESCRIPTION OF PEMBINA'S BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS
Pembina's Business Objective and Strategy
Pembina strives to provide sustainable, industry-leading total returns for our investors; reliable and value-added services for our customers; a net positive impact to communities; and a safe, respectful, collaborative and fair work culture for our employees. The Company expects that it will successfully achieve this vision if:
customers choose us first for reliable and value-added services;
investors receive sustainable industry-leading returns;
employees say we are the 'employer of choice' and value our safe, respectful, collaborative and fair work culture; and
communities welcome us and recognize the net positive impact of our social and environmental commitment.
Pembina's strategy is to:
Preserve Value by providing safe, environmentally conscious, cost-effective and reliable services;
Diversify by providing integrated solutions which enhance profitability and customer service;
Implement Growth by pursuing projects or assets that are expected to generate cash flow per share accretion and capture long-life, economic hydrocarbon reserves; and
Secure Global Markets by understanding what the world needs, where they need it, and delivering it.
Overview of Pembina's Business
There are three general sectors in the oil and gas industry: upstream, midstream and downstream. The upstream sector encompasses exploration for, and production of, hydrocarbon liquids in their raw forms. In the midstream sector, hydrocarbon products are gathered, processed, transported and marketed to the downstream sector. The downstream sector consists of refiners, end-use customers, local distributers and wholesalers.
Pembina is a leading transportation and midstream service provider that has been serving North America's energy industry for over 60 years. Pembina owns an integrated system of pipelines that transport various hydrocarbon liquids and natural gas products

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produced primarily in western Canada. The Company also owns natural gas gathering and processing facilities and an oil and natural gas liquids infrastructure and logistics business. Pembina's integrated assets and commercial operations along the majority of the hydrocarbon value chain allow it to offer a full spectrum of midstream and marketing services to the energy sector. Pembina is committed to identifying additional opportunities to connect hydrocarbon production to new demand locations through the development of infrastructure that would extend Pembina's service offering even further along the hydrocarbon value chain. These new developments will contribute to ensuring that hydrocarbons produced in the WCSB and the other basins where Pembina operates can reach the highest value markets throughout the world.
Pembina is structured into three divisions: Pipelines Division, Facilities Division and Marketing & New Ventures Division; which are described in their respective sections of this Annual Information Form.
The operating margin in 2018 from each of Pembina's three divisions was as follows:
AIFPIEGRAPH.JPG
The following map illustrates Pembina's primary assets:
A2018AIFVERSION6IMAGE2.GIF

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The following table sets forth certain financial and operating highlights for 2018 and 2017 .
Financial and Operating Highlights
(in $ millions unless otherwise noted)
 
Pipelines Division
Facilities Division
Marketing & New Ventures Division
Corporate & Inter-Division Eliminations (4)
Total
 
2018

2017 (1)

2018

2017 (1)

2018

2017 (1)

2018

2017 (1)

2018

2017 (1)

Volumes (2)(3)
2,521

2,304

877

746





3,398

3,050

Revenue
1,588

1,136

1,468

969

4,721

3,533

(426
)
(238
)
7,351

5,400

Cost of goods sold, including product purchases (4)


462

197

4,335

3,105

(282
)
(140
)
4,515

3,162

Net Revenue (5)
1,588

1,136

1,006

772

386

428

(144
)
(98
)
2,836

2,238

Operating expenses (4)
396

330

313

227



(158
)
(107
)
551

450

Realized losses on commodity-related derivative financial instruments (4)

1



51

93



51

94

Proportionate Operating Margin from Investments in Equity Accounted Investees (5)
581

143

206

51

133

34



920

228

Operating Margin (5)
1,773

948

899

596

468

369

14

9

3,154

1,922

(1)  
Financial and operational results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the corporate reorganization effective January 1, 2018 and adoption of IFRS 15. Pembina’s operational and financial results do not include the operating and financial results of the Veresen Acquisition for the first nine months ended September 30, 2017, as the Veresen Acquisition was completed following the end of the third quarter of 2017, on October 2, 2017.
(2)  
Pipelines and Facilities Divisions are revenue volumes which are physical volumes plus volumes recognized from take-or-pay commitments. Volumes are stated in mboe/d, with natural gas volumes converted to mboe/d from MMcf/d at a 6:1 ratio. Volumes include Pembina’s proportionate share of results from investments in Equity Accounted Investees. Volumes for assets acquired in the Acquisition are calculated over the period following the Veresen Acquisition, rather than the full twelve months ended December 31, 2017. See the MD&A for further details.
(3)  
Marketed NGL volumes are excluded from volumes to avoid double counting. Marketed NGL volumes for 2018 and 2017 were 175 mboe/d and
180 mboe/d, respectively.
(4)  
Refer to Note 20 ("Operating Segments") in the Financial Statements.
(5)  
See "Non–GAAP Measures". Pembina’s jointly controlled businesses, in accordance with IFRS, are accounted for using the equity method. To fully understand and evaluate the performance of these businesses, selected operational and financial information has been presented on a proportionately consolidated basis.
Further discussion of operational results and new developments for Pembina's business segments for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is contained in the section "Segment Results" in the MD&A, which section is incorporated by reference herein.
Pipelines Division
Overview
The Pipelines Division includes liquids and natural gas pipelines with a total capacity of approximately 3 mmboe/d serving various markets and basins across North America. The Pipelines Division is comprised of Pembina's conventional, transmission and oil sands and heavy oil pipeline assets. The primary objectives of the Pipelines Division are to provide safe, responsible, reliable and cost-effective transportation services for customers; pursue opportunities for increased throughput; maintain and grow sustainable operating margin on invested capital by capturing incremental volumes; provide solutions to our customers; grow revenue; and follow a disciplined approach to operating expenses.

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Conventional Pipelines
Pembina's conventional pipeline assets comprise a strategically located network of pipelines and related infrastructure including various hubs and terminals. This network transports crude oil, condensate and NGL across much of Alberta and parts of British Columbia. Pembina's primary conventional pipeline assets include the following:
The Northern Pipeline system, which includes approximately 700 km of pipelines, including gathering laterals, that transport NGL from Belloy, Alberta to Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta;
The Peace Pipeline system, which includes approximately 3,500 km of pipelines, including gathering laterals, that transport NGL, crude oil and condensate from northwestern Alberta to Edmonton, Alberta and to Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta.
Pembina continues to experience growing customer demand for transportation services to support development of the Montney resource play and is currently constructing three additional expansions of the Peace Pipeline:
The Phase VI Expansion, which includes upgrades at Gordondale, Alberta, a 16-inch pipeline from the La Glace pump station to the Wapiti pump station, Alberta and associated pump station and terminal upgrades, and a 20-inch pipeline from the Kakwa pump station to the Lator pump station, Alberta. The expansion is anticipated to be placed into service in the second half of 2019, subject to environmental and regulatory approval.
The Phase VII Expansion, which includes a new 20-inch, approximately 220-kilometer pipeline in the La Glace-Valleyview-Fox Creek corridor, as well as six new pump stations or terminal upgrades, between La Glace and Edmonton, Alberta. Phase VII will add approximately 240,000 bpd of incremental capacity upstream of Fox Creek, accessing capacity available on the mainlines downstream of Fox Creek. Phase VII is anticipated to be in service in the first half of 2021, subject to environmental and regulatory approvals.
The Phase VIII Expansion, which will include new 10-inch and 16-inch pipelines in the Gordondale pump station to the La Glace pump station corridor of Alberta, as well as six new pump stations or terminal upgrades located between Gordondale and Fox Creek, Alberta. Phase VIII will enable segregated pipeline service for ethane-plus and propane-plus NGL mix from the central Montney area near Gordondale, Alberta into the Edmonton area for market delivery. Phase VIII is anticipated to be placed into service in stages starting in 2020 through the first half of 2022, subject to regulatory and environmental approvals.
Once Phase VII is complete, Pembina will have 1.1 million bpd of Edmonton area market delivery capacity across the Peace Pipeline and Northern Pipeline systems.  Pembina's ultimate vision is to have at least four segregated product pipelines in the corridors between Gordondale, Alberta and the Edmonton area, maximizing Pembina's fully powered-up capacity of 1.3 million bpd on the Peace Pipeline and Northern Pipeline;
The Drayton Valley Pipeline system, which includes approximately 1,000 km of pipelines, including gathering laterals, that transport crude oil and condensate from the area southwest of Edmonton, Alberta to Edmonton;
The NEBC Pipeline system, which includes approximately 200 km of pipelines, including gathering laterals, that transport NGL, crude oil and condensate from northeastern B.C. to Taylor, B.C.;
The Western Pipeline system, which includes approximately 400 km of pipelines, including gathering laterals, that transport crude oil from Taylor, B.C. to Prince George, B.C.;
The Liquids Gathering Pipeline system, which includes approximately 400 km of pipelines, including gathering laterals, that transport NGL from northeastern B.C. to Gordondale, Alberta;
The Brazeau NGL Pipeline System, which includes approximately 500 km of pipelines, including gathering laterals, that transport NGL from natural gas processing plants southwest of Edmonton, Alberta to Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta;
The Canadian Diluent Hub (" CDH "), which includes approximately 500 mbbls of above ground storage, providing direct connectivity for growing domestic condensate volumes to the oil sands via downstream third-party pipelines;

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The Edmonton North Terminal (" ENT "), which includes approximately 900 mbbls of above ground storage having access to crude oil, synthetic crude oil and condensate supply transported on Pembina's operated pipelines and products from various third-party operated pipelines; and
12 truck terminals providing pipeline and market access for crude oil and condensate production that are not pipeline connected.
There are approximately 65 shippers on the conventional pipeline systems owned and operated by Pembina. The primary delivery points for hydrocarbon products from Pembina include: the Enbridge pipeline systems for multiple products; the Kinder Morgan North 40 terminal and the Trans Mountain pipeline system at Edmonton, Alberta; the Strathcona refinery in the Edmonton area; Pembina's CDH near Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta; the Husky Energy Prince George, British Columbia refinery; AEGS and all major NGL fractionators near Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. No single customer on the Peace Pipeline system represented more than 10 percent of the revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018. The ten largest customers represented approximately 52 percent of the revenues.
Pembina's crude oil terminals are configured to access and provide services for the common grades of Canadian crude oil as well as access domestic and imported condensate streams. The terminals provide essential services for Pembina's customers with outbound delivery flexibility and above ground storage.
At Pembina's truck terminals, the Company's customer base generally comprises the same group who seek to transport various product volumes, including condensate, on Pembina's conventional and oil sands and heavy oil systems. Truck terminals are particularly attractive to those producers who are unable to justify pipeline/oil battery connections due to relatively low daily production or are producing in advance of being pipeline connected.
The contracts related to conventional pipeline assets are fee-for-service in nature, but vary in their structure as follows:
Non-Firm Contracts: Capacity on conventional pipelines that has not been secured under the " Firm Contracts" structure described below is contracted under fee-for-service, evergreen-style, month-to-month contracts on an interruptible basis that allow Pembina to adjust tolls for actual volumes, operating expenses and capital expenditures on a periodic basis. These contracts do not require Pembina to guarantee a specified amount of dedicated pipeline capacity for a customer. Rather, customers nominate volumes on a monthly basis and tariffs are set periodically by receipt point.
Cost of Service: Pembina's conventional pipelines in British Columbia are operated under a cost-of-service methodology whereby Pembina is able to flow through the actual operating costs of the systems to shippers while recovering an acceptable return on invested capital; however, there is no firm volume commitment under any of these long-term, cost-of-service agreements as would be typical in a cost-of-service agreement.
Firm Contracts: Since 2012, Pembina has focused on securing base volumes on its Peace Pipeline and Northern Pipeline systems under a firm contract structure, where a fee-for-service toll (which includes flow-through operating costs for power and extraordinary events) is set under the contract and customers receive a firm amount of pipeline capacity for the transportation of their product. Under firm contracts, customers also agree to a minimum volume or revenue commitment (" take-or-pay ").
Through this process, the significant majority of crude oil, condensate and NGL product transported on the Peace Pipeline and Northern Pipeline systems is contracted under long-term, take-or-pay agreements that provide customers with firm-service in exchange for a minimum revenue requirement.
Services provided on other assets and systems such as the Drayton Valley Pipeline, LGS, Brazeau Pipeline, CDH, and ENT are generally contracted on a 30-day evergreen basis and services are provided on an interruptible basis.
Competition among existing crude oil, condensate and NGL pipelines is based primarily on the cost of transportation, access to supply, the quality and reliability of service, contract carrier alternatives, and proximity and access to markets.
Pembina's conventional pipelines are feeder pipelines that move products in the field, from batteries, processing facilities and storage tanks, to facilities, markets and export pipelines primarily in the Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta area as outlined above. Given that the majority of Pembina's conventional pipelines are connected to existing oil batteries and infrastructure, existing volumes generally remain connected to the pipeline system until it is uneconomical to provide pipeline

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transportation services, usually due to low volume, in which case the connection may be discontinued, and the producer may truck volumes to an alternate delivery point. With Pembina's track record of safe, reliable and cost-effective operations, service tenure, the complex nature of its systems and high levels of customer service, it is difficult for a competitor to replicate the high-value service offering that Pembina provides.
Unlike connected facilities, unconnected volumes of product are typically trucked to the most cost-effective truck unloading facility, and there is direct competition from numerous service providers serving the same area. Most volumes that are trucked are either from locations that are too far away to obtain economic pipeline service or have volumes too small to make a pipeline connection economically viable. Typically, a producer's selection of a truck terminal is only partially based on tolls; often, it is also based on whether the volumes need some form of treatment to meet pipeline specifications, as well as arbitrage opportunities associated with the product. Pembina owns truck terminals to assist in aggregating unconnected volumes onto its systems. There are several other pipelines and terminal operators which compete for trucked volumes in Pembina's operating areas. Competition for these volumes include local market fractionators for NGL, as well as the Rangeland and Rainbow pipelines, rail and numerous other pipelines connected to terminal operations for crude oil and condensate.
Producer activity focused on NGL development continues in the Deep Basin Cretaceous, Montney and Duvernay resource areas served by Pembina's Peace Pipeline and Northern Pipeline systems. Pembina has successfully been able to leverage its existing assets to provide incremental capacity in these areas, as evidenced by Pembina's numerous pipeline expansion projects.
Oil Sands and Heavy Oil Pipelines
Pembina plays an important role in supporting Alberta's oil sands and heavy oil industry. Pembina operates oil sands and heavy oil pipelines with contracted capacity of approximately 1.1 mmbpd.
Pembina's primary oil sands assets include the following:
The Syncrude Pipeline, an approximately 450 km pipeline which has a capacity of 389 Mbpd. Pembina is the sole transporter of synthetic crude oil for the Syncrude Project to delivery points near Edmonton, Alberta;
The Horizon Pipeline, an approximately 500 km pipeline which has a capacity of 335 Mbpd. Pembina is the sole transporter of synthetic crude oil for the Horizon Project to delivery points near Edmonton, Alberta;
The Cheecham Lateral, an approximately 50 km pipeline which has a capacity of 230 Mbpd and transports synthetic crude oil from a common pump station on the Syncrude Pipeline and Horizon Pipeline to a terminalling facility located near Cheecham, Alberta, where it is then used as diluent for oil sands producers operating southeast of Fort McMurray, Alberta;
The Nipisi and Mitsue Pipelines, including approximately 700 km of pipelines which have a total net capacity of 133 Mbpd and provide transportation for heavy oil producers operating in the Pelican Lake and Peace River regions of Alberta; and
The Swan Hills Pipeline, an approximately 450 km pipeline which has a net capacity of 48 Mbpd and provides transportation of light sweet crude oil from the Swan Hills region of Alberta to delivery points near Edmonton, Alberta.
The major shippers on Pembina's oil sands and heavy oil pipelines are primarily large upstream exploration and production companies.
Pembina's oil sands assets provide services predominantly under long-term, extendible contracts, which allow for the flow-through of eligible operating expenses to customers. As a result, operating margin from these assets is primarily driven by the amount of capital invested and is predominantly not sensitive to fluctuations in certain operating expenses, actual throughput or commodity prices.
Pembina's Syncrude Pipeline is fully contracted under a cost-of-service, extendible, long-term agreement that expires no earlier than the end of 2035.
The Horizon Pipeline is fully contracted to a single customer and is operated under the terms of a 25-year fixed return contract, which expires in 2034.

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Pembina's Cheecham Lateral is fully contracted to shippers under the terms of a 25-year fixed-return extendible agreement that expires in 2032.
The Nipisi and Mitsue Pipelines are contracted under 10-year fee-for-service agreements, with substantial take-or-pay components, which commenced in 2011. These contracts also have extension and expansion rights.
The Swan Hills pipeline is utilized by various shippers who transport mainly on an interruptible toll basis.
While regional delivery infrastructure capacity is sufficient for current production levels, the primary focus of infrastructure development is expected to be on accessing markets outside of Alberta for the majority of bitumen and heavy oil blend produced in Alberta. In the long term, expansions of existing condensate and synthetic crude diluent supply infrastructure, as well as blended bitumen and heavy oil pipeline delivery systems, may be required depending on the rate at which oil sands and heavy oil may be produced in the future. See "Risk Factors – Risks Inherent in Pembina’s Business – Reserve Replacement, Throughput and Product Demand."
Given the long-term nature of oil sands and heavy oil investments, most pipelines serving existing production are underpinned by long-term transportation agreements. Competition primarily arises with respect to incremental supply that requires additional pipeline capacity. In some cases, existing pipeline companies have under-utilized assets which can be re-purposed to suit a customer's needs, giving them a competitive advantage when competing for new projects. In other cases, where construction of significant new infrastructure is required, pipeline companies compete for these opportunities based primarily on their operating expertise, cost of capital and commercial flexibility.
Transmission Pipelines
Pembina's transmission pipeline assets have developed through the strategic acquisition of key natural gas and specification ethane transportation infrastructure assets, positioned in some of the most prolific gas producing regions in western Canada and the United States. Pembina's transmission pipelines provide customers with access to premium markets primarily on a take-or-pay basis under extendible long-term contracts. Pembina's primary transmission pipeline assets include the Vantage Pipeline, AEGS, Alliance Pipeline and Ruby Pipeline.
Vantage Pipeline
The Vantage Pipeline includes an approximately 900 km, 69 Mbpd pipeline and gathering laterals that link a growing supply of ethane from the North Dakota Bakken play to the petrochemical market in Alberta, originating from a large-scale gas plant in Tioga, North Dakota extending northwest through Saskatchewan and terminating near Empress, Alberta, where it is connected to the AEGS.
Transportation service on the Vantage Pipeline is underpinned by long-term, fee-for-service contracts with take-or-pay provisions.  Currently, the Vantage Pipeline contracts are with one customer, with petrochemical infrastructure in Alberta, with multiple receipt points to the Vantage Pipeline system. Approximately 50 percent of the Vantage Pipeline’s capacity is contracted on a take-or-pay basis with additional volumes flowing on a fee-for-service basis.  Contract terms range from 10 to 20 years with current contracts expiring in the 2024-2034 timeframe.
Alberta Ethane Gathering System (AEGS)
AEGS transports ethane within Alberta from various ethane extraction plants to major petrochemical complexes located near Joffre and Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. At 1,336 km in total length, and a capacity of approximately 330 Mbpd, AEGS is comprised of three legs that form an integrated system, which includes interconnections with underground storage sites in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta and Burstall, Alberta.
The AEGS shipper community is currently comprised of shippers that are either major ethane producers or consumers that have substantive energy infrastructure and/or petrochemical investments in Alberta. Effective January 1, 2019, approximately 95 percent of the existing capacity on the system has been contracted under new 20-year take-or-pay agreements.

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Alliance Pipeline
The Alliance Pipeline system is held through Alliance Canada and Alliance U.S., both of which are jointly owned by Pembina (50 percent) and Enbridge Inc. (50 percent).
The Alliance Pipeline system consists of a 3,849 km integrated Canadian and U.S. natural gas transmission pipeline, delivering rich natural gas from the WCSB and the Williston Basin in North Dakota to natural gas markets in Chicago, Illinois. The Alliance Pipeline system has been in commercial service since December 2000 and currently delivers an average of 1.6 bcf/d of rich gas. Rich gas is natural gas with relatively high NGL content including ethane, propane, butane and condensate. The Alliance Pipeline system connects with the Aux Sable NGL extraction facility in Channahon, Illinois, which extracts NGL from the natural gas transported before delivery to downstream pipelines. The pipeline connects in the Chicago area, through its downstream header, with five interstate natural gas pipelines and two local natural gas distribution systems, which provide shippers with access to natural gas markets in the Midwest, the Northeast, and the Gulf Coast of the U.S., and Eastern Canada. All shippers have signed extraction agreements that give Aux Sable the right to extract the NGL from the rich gas transported.
The Canadian portion of the Alliance Pipeline system consists of approximately 1,561 km of natural gas mainline pipeline and 732 km of related lateral pipelines connected to natural gas receipt locations, primarily at gas processing facilities in northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, and related infrastructure. Alliance Canada owns the Canadian portion of the Alliance Pipeline system.
The U.S. portion of the Alliance Pipeline system consists of approximately 1,556 kms of infrastructure including the 129 km Tioga Lateral in North Dakota. Alliance U.S., an affiliate of Alliance Canada, owns the U.S. portion of the Alliance Pipeline system.
Alliance Canada's natural gas transmission services, coupled with rich gas delivery capabilities, are designed to enable producers to maximize the value of their product. This provides significant competitive advantages which can include:
saving producers processing and infrastructure costs, and providing an opportunity to reduce the time to market for their rich gas production;
providing access to the Aux Sable NGL extraction facility allowing for considerable economies of scale; and
delivering value-added products to alternative NGL markets while only paying a transportation charge based on natural gas volume. These services can potentially provide shippers with a higher netback for rich natural gas.
Alliance Canada has fully contracted its firm receipt service through 2020. Alliance Canada has 28 long-term firm shippers, and Alliance U.S. has 20 long-term firm shippers. The average daily firm contract capacity, including seasonal firm service with contract terms of one day to seven months, through the year contracted to the Canadian border is approximately 1.5 bcf/d and approximately 1.6 bcf/d from the U.S. border. In addition, Alliance Pipeline sells interruptible transportation service on a price-biddable basis.
No single permanent shipper represented more than 26 percent of the transportation revenues on the Alliance Pipeline for the year ended December 31, 2018. The ten largest shippers, in terms of transportation revenues, represented approximately 82 percent of the transportation revenues of Alliance Canada, and 84 percent of the transportation revenues of Alliance U.S. Owners, or affiliates of owners, of Alliance and Aux Sable accounted for approximately 16 percent of the transportation revenues on the Canadian segment of the Alliance Pipeline and 19 percent of the transportation revenues on the U.S. segment of the Alliance Pipeline for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The Alliance Pipeline faces competition in pipeline transportation to its Chicago, Illinois area delivery points and interconnected pipeline delivery points downstream of its Chicago terminus from both existing pipelines and proposed projects. The Alliance Pipeline system is also exposed to competition from new sources of natural gas, such as the Appalachian Basin which runs from upstate New York to Virginia. The continued development of the Appalachian Basin may provide an alternative source of gas to this location and further decrease natural gas imports from Canada into the northeastern region of the U.S.

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Ruby Pipeline
The Ruby Pipeline is a natural gas transmission system delivering natural gas production from the western U.S. The Ruby Pipeline is 1,094 km in length with a 42-inch diameter and has a current capacity of 1.5 bcf/d.
Ruby Pipeline is owned equally by Pembina and Kinder Morgan Inc., which also operates the pipeline. Pembina has a 50 percent convertible preferred interest in the Ruby Pipeline which provides for distributions of US$91 million annually in priority to distributions on common equity. Pembina's preferred interest may convert to a common equity interest either at Pembina's option or automatically upon the contracting of an additional 250 MMcf/d of long-term firm capacity above the currently contracted capacity, at rates consistent with current contracts on the Ruby Pipeline.
Approximately 69 percent of the capacity of the Ruby Pipeline (approximately 1,068 MMcf/d, gross) is contracted under long-term, firm contracts that expire in 2021 and 2026.
The Ruby Pipeline competes to deliver gas into the western U.S. primarily with western Canadian gas delivered through TransCanada Corporation’s gas transmission northwest pipeline system and, to a lesser extent, with U.S. Rockies gas delivered through Williams Northwest Pipeline LLC’s northwest pipeline (" Williams Pipeline "). The Ruby Pipeline provides an important source of supply diversification for customers in the Pacific Northwest U.S. and northern California who would otherwise be largely reliant on Canadian supply.
The Ruby Pipeline competes to export gas from the U.S. Rockies with several pipelines, including the Williams Pipeline into the Pacific Northwest, Kern River Gas Transmission Company’s Kern River pipeline into California, and numerous pipeline systems that can transport gas into the eastern and midwestern U.S. Growing gas production from prolific shale basins in the northeastern U.S. has negatively affected eastern exports of U.S. Rockies gas in recent years relative to western exports on pipelines, including the Ruby Pipeline.
Grand Valley
Pembina's transmission pipelines business also includes a 75 percent jointly controlled interest in Grand Valley 1 Limited Partnership wind farm.
Facilities Division
Overview
The Facilities Division includes natural gas processing and NGL fractionation facilities and related infrastructure that provide Pembina's customers with natural gas, condensate and NGL services. Pembina's natural gas gathering and processing assets, are strategically positioned in active, liquids-rich areas of the WCSB and are integrated with the Company's other businesses. Pembina provides sweet and sour gas gathering, compression, condensate stabilization, and both shallow cut and deep cut gas processing services for its customers, primarily on a fee-for-service basis under long-term contracts. Virtually all of the condensate and NGL extracted through these facilities is transported by Pembina's Pipelines Division. A significant portion of the volumes are further processed at Pembina's NGL fractionation facilities. In total, Pembina has gas processing facilities with approximately 6 bcf/d of net gas processing capacity (1) . Additionally, the Facilities Division includes NGL fractionation, cavern storage, and terminalling (loading and off-loading services) facilities. These facilities are fully integrated with the Company's other divisions, providing customers across the WCSB and North America with the ability to contract for more than one service with Pembina and access to a comprehensive suite of services to enhance the value of their hydrocarbons. In total, Pembina has fractionation facilities with 326 mboe/d of net fractionation capacity (1) , and approximately 14 mmbbls of liquids storage.
(1)
Includes Aux Sable capacity. The financial and operational results for Aux Sable are included in the Marketing & New Ventures Division; excludes projects under development.
Gas services
Pembina's primary gas services assets include the following:
Pembina's Cutbank complex (the " Cutbank Complex ") located near Grande Prairie, Alberta includes six shallow cut sweet gas processing plants (the Cutbank Gas Plant, Musreau I, Musreau II, Musreau III, the Kakwa Gas Plant and the Kakwa River Shallow Cut Plant), one deep cut sweet gas processing plant (the Musreau Deep Cut) and a raw-to-deep cut sour gas processing

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facility (the Kakwa River Deep Cut). In total, the Cutbank Complex has 675 MMcf/d gross (618 MMcf/d net) of shallow cut sweet gas processing capacity, 205 MMcf/d of sweet deep cut extraction capacity and 200 MMcf/d of raw-to-deep cut sour gas processing capacity. The Cutbank Complex also includes approximately 450 km of gathering pipelines, nine field compression stations and centralized condensate stabilization;
Pembina's Saturn complex (the " Saturn Complex ") located near Hinton, Alberta, includes the Saturn I and Saturn II facilities for a total of 400 MMcf/d of deep cut gas processing capacity, as well as approximately 25 km of gathering pipelines;
Pembina's Resthaven facility (the " Resthaven Facility ") located near Grande Cache, Alberta, includes 300 MMcf/d gross (214 MMcf/d net) of raw-to-deep cut sweet gas processing capacity, as well as approximately 30 km of gathering pipelines;
Pembina’s Saskatchewan Ethane Extraction plant (" SEEP ") located to service the southeast Saskatchewan Bakken region, has deep cut sweet gas processing capacity of 60 MMcf/d, ethane, propane and butane fractionation capabilities of up to 4.5 Mbpd and a 104 km ethane delivery pipeline; and
Pembina’s Duvernay complex (the " Duvernay Complex ") located near Fox Creek, Alberta, currently includes a 100 MMcf/d gross (75 MMcf/d net) shallow cut sweet gas processing plant and 12 km of sales gas pipeline (" Duvernay I "), and supporting infrastructure, which includes 35 km of gas gathering pipelines and fuel gas pipelines, respectively, 30 MMcf/d gas compression, 10 Mbpd raw condensate stabilization and 5 Mbpd of water handling.
Under an agreement with Chevron and KUFPEC, as described further below, Pembina is currently undertaking two development projects at the Duvernay Complex:
o
Duvernay II (" Duvernay II "), which includes a 100 MMcf/d gas processing facility with approximately 5,000 bpd of propane-plus liquids capacity; a condensate stabilization facility with approximately 30,000 bpd of raw inlet condensate handling capacity; raw product separation and water removal infrastructure; and a 10-inch condensate pipeline lateral that will connect to the Company's Peace Pipeline system. Pembina expects the total capital cost to be approximately $290 million with an anticipated in-service date in the fourth quarter of 2019, subject to regulatory and environmental approvals; and
o
Duvernay III, which includes a 100 MMcf/d sweet gas, shallow cut processing facility with approximately 5,000 bpd of propane-plus liquids capacity, 20,000 bpd of condensate stabilization and water handling infrastructure. Pembina expects the total capital cost to be approximately $165 million with an anticipated in-service date of mid-to late 2020, subject to regulatory and environmental approvals;
The Younger NGL Extraction Facility (" Younger ") is an approximately 640 MMcf/d (460 MMcf/d net) extraction and approximately 10 Mbpd (net) fractionation facility in British Columbia that supplies specification NGL products to local markets, as well as NGL mix supply transported on the Company's pipeline systems to the Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta area for fractionation and sale, and condensate to Pembina's CDH;
The Empress NGL Extraction Facility (" Empress "), which is comprised of 2.1 bcf/d of extraction capacity across various joint-venture assets located at Empress, Alberta. At Empress, NGL mix is extracted from natural gas at straddle plants and ethane and condensate are fractionated out of the NGL mix and sold into western Canadian markets. The Company owns 39 Mbpd (net) of ethane fractionation capacity at Empress. Pembina currently transports the remaining propane-plus NGL mix predominantly to Sarnia, Ontario for further fractionation, distribution and sale into markets in central Canada and the eastern U.S. Pembina is currently constructing additional fractionation and terminalling facilities at Empress. The $120 million expansion is expected to add approximately 30 Mbpd of propane-plus fractionation capacity to Empress and is anticipated to be placed into service in late 2020; and
Pembina owns a 45.3 percent interest in Veresen Midstream, which owns assets in western Canada serving the Montney geological play in northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia. Veresen Midstream owns natural gas processing plants, with combined gross processing capacity of 1.5 bcf/d (686 MMcf/d net), including the Saturn, Sunrise and Tower plants (collectively, the " Dawson Assets ") and the Hythe and Steeprock plants. Veresen Midstream's assets also include over 1,000 km of gas gathering lines and the South Central, North Central and Tower Liquids Hubs.

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Pembina's gas services business has approximately 50 customers, including independent producers as well as multi-national oil and gas companies. Pembina processes customers' natural gas at Pembina's Cutbank Complex, Saturn Complex, Resthaven Facility, Duvernay Complex and Veresen Midstream facilities and delivers the processed natural gas to the Spectra Energy T-North system in British Columbia, TransCanada Corporation pipeline system and Alliance Pipeline system in Alberta and the NGLs to the Pembina's Peace Pipeline system. Customers' natural gas processed at SEEP is delivered to the TransGas System in Saskatchewan and the ethane is delivered to Pembina's Vantage Pipeline system.
Under the contractual arrangements with producers associated with the Cutbank Complex, Saturn Complex, Resthaven Facility, SEEP and Duvernay Complex, Pembina is largely protected from the impact of market fluctuations in the price of natural gas and NGL. The liquids handling, gathering and processing business is based on charging fees to customers on the volume of raw or processed gas that is gathered and/or processed through its facilities and the fees are largely based on a fixed-fee-for-service methodology and, in some instances, based on fixed return on invested capital. The fee-for-service contracts associated with the gas services business comprise a mixture of firm and interruptible service contracts of varying durations. The contractual fee structure incorporates a capital fee based on functional unit usage, as well as provisions for the recovery of operating and overhead costs.
Gas producers continued to focus their exploration and development on liquid-rich gas areas during 2018. Pembina's gas services expansions and new development plans continue to be focused in condensate and NGL-rich geographical areas, including the regional Montney and Duvernay areas, along with other emerging liquid-rich formations.
Gas processing infrastructure requirements are largely driven by area profitability, which is impacted by commodity prices, and the gas producer's ability to access capital. In times where gas prices are relatively low and NGL prices are relatively high, producers are incentivized to extract as much NGL out of the raw gas stream as possible. During times when NGL prices are lower, producers may opt to leave more liquids entrenched within their raw gas. Pembina has the flexibility to offer facilities with varying degrees of liquids extraction capability to support customers in a variety of market conditions.
With its existing assets, Pembina is able to separate condensate, process sweet and sour gas, extract NGL from the gas and transport the liquids through its conventional pipelines to its CDH and fractionation complexes, where Pembina is able to market the products to end users. With an integrated service offering along the condensate and NGL value chain and substantial gas processing plant construction and operating experience, Pembina believes it is strongly positioned compared to other service providers to capture new business.
Duvernay II and Duvernay III are being developed under a 20-year infrastructure development and service agreement with Chevron and KUFPEC, which includes an area of dedication in the, liquids-rich Kaybob region of the Duvernay resource play near Fox Creek, Alberta. Under this agreement and subject to Chevron sanctioning development in the region, Chevron has the right to require Pembina to construct, own and operate gas gathering pipelines and processing facilities, liquids stabilization facilities and other supporting infrastructure for the area of dedication, together with Pembina providing long-term service for Chevron on its pipelines and fractionation facilities. Subject to Chevron and regulatory approvals, the infrastructure developed over the term of this agreement has the potential to represent a multi-billion-dollar investment by Pembina. The Duvernay II and Duvernay III facilities will have a 20-year contractual life and will be back-stopped by a combination of fee-for-service and fixed-return arrangements.
In the region of the Dawson Assets, Veresen Midstream has entered into fee-for-service agreements with the CRP and Encana, whereby the CRP has committed to use Veresen Midstream’s Dawson Assets on an exclusive basis for a 30-year term within an area of mutual interest. The contract expires in 2044.
In the Hythe/Steeprock area, Veresen Midstream has entered into a cost of service-agreement, including take-or-pay commitments, with Encana for the majority of the current available capacity of these facilities over the duration of the services agreement. The contract expires in 2031.
NGL Services
Pembina's primary NGL services assets include the following:
The Redwater Fractionation and Storage Facility (" RFS " or " Redwater "), which includes two 73 Mbpd ethane-plus fractionators (RFS I and RFS II); a 55 Mbpd propane-plus fractionator (RFS III); and 8.3 mmbbls of finished product cavern

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storage in Redwater, Alberta. Redwater purchases NGL mix from various natural gas and NGL producers and fractionates it into finished products for further distribution and sale. Redwater also processes NGL supply volumes from Pembina's Younger NGL extraction plant. Also located at RFS are Pembina's truck and rail terminals which service Pembina's proprietary and customer needs for importing and exporting NGL products.
The East NGL System, which includes:
o
20 Mbpd of fractionation capacity and 1.1 mmbbls of cavern storage in Sarnia, Ontario as well as storage and terminalling assets/capacity at Kerrobert, Saskatchewan; Cromer, Manitoba; Superior, Wisconsin; and Lynchburg, Virginia;
o
5.3 mmbbls of hydrocarbon storage, truck and rail loading facilities at Corunna; and
o
An ethane storage facility, with capacity of 1 mmbbls, near Burstall, Saskatchewan.
The Prince Rupert Terminal, a proposed LPG export terminal to be located on Watson Island, British Columbia on lands leased from a wholly-owned subsidiary of the City of Prince Rupert. The Prince Rupert Terminal is best viewed as a small-scale rail terminal, moving LPG from rail cars to 'handysize' ships destined for international markets. Currently under construction, the Prince Rupert Terminal is expected to have a permitted capacity of approximately 25 Mbpd of LPG and is expected to be in service in mid-2020, subject to receiving necessary regulatory and environmental approvals.
A 50 percent interest in Fort Corp., which has 27,500 metric tonnes of ethylene storage near Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta.
Pembina's NGL service business provides a multitude of services for its customers. It is common practice for customers to sign up for more than one service with Pembina, including fractionation, storage, loading and off-loading.
At Redwater, Pembina provides NGL fractionation, storage and terminalling (loading and off-loading) services. NGL fractionation services at Redwater are provided under single or multi-year, fee-for-service contracts.
Through its East NGL System, Pembina provides NGL fractionation, storage and terminalling (loading and off-loading) services on an interruptible, fee-for-service basis, primarily to Pembina's Marketing & New Ventures Division.
Storage services are typically provided to various customers under either a fee-for-service or fixed-return agreement with contract lengths ranging between one to 25 years. Loading and off-loading services are provided on a fee-for-service basis under contracts that range from one-year to multi-year terms.
Pembina provides terminalling services for the North West Redwater Partnership (" NWRP ") with respect to NWRP’s Sturgeon Refinery. The terminalling services are provided under a 30-year fixed return agreement.
Pembina's NGL services business is subject to competition from other fractionators, truck terminals, and storage facilities which are either in the general vicinity of the facilities or have gathering systems that extend, or could potentially extend, into areas served by the facilities. Going forward, the demand for additional infrastructure will be determined primarily by the rate at which the WCSB hydrocarbon production grows.
Marketing & New Ventures Division
Overview
The Marketing & New Ventures Division strives to maximize the value of hydrocarbon liquids and natural gas originating in the basins where the Company operates. Pembina seeks to create new markets, and further enhance existing markets, to support both the Company's and its customers' overall business interests. In particular, Pembina seeks to identify opportunities to connect hydrocarbon production to new demand locations through the development of infrastructure. Pembina strives to increase producer netbacks and product demand to improve the overall competitiveness of the basins where the Company operates.

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Marketing Activities
Within the Marketing & New Ventures Division, Pembina undertakes value-added commodity marketing activities, including buying and selling products (natural gas, ethane, propane, butane, condensate and crude oil), commodity arbitrage and optimizing storage opportunities. The marketing business enters into contracts for capacity on both Pembina's and third-party infrastructure, handles proprietary and customer volumes and aggregates production for onward sale. Through this infrastructure capacity, as well as utilizing the Company's rail fleet and rail logistics capabilities, Pembina's marketing business adds incremental value to the commodities by transporting volumes to high value markets across North America. Financial and operational results in the marketing business are subject to commodity price fluctuations, product price differentials, location basis differentials, foreign exchange rates and volumes.
The value potential associated with Pembina's marketing business is dependent upon the ability of Pembina to: provide connections to both downstream pipelines and end-use markets; understand the value of the commodities transported, stored and terminalled; provide flexibility and a variety of storage options; and adjust to a liquid, responsive, forward commodity market. Pembina actively monitors market conditions and commodity stream values and qualities to target revenue opportunities and service offerings. Pembina is also proactively working with upstream and downstream customers to develop value-added terminalling solutions and increase available optionality. The prices of products that are marketed by Pembina are subject to volatility as a result of these factors and other factors such as seasonal demand changes, weather conditions, general economic conditions, changes in crude oil markets and other factors. See " Risk Factors – Risks Inherent in Pembina’s Business – Commodity Price Risk ".
Customers within Pembina's marketing business are generally those who produce and/or market crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids, are downstream markets for those volumes, or are interested in ancillary services related to those volumes. Pembina’s marketing business leverages the value chain, focusing on activities that complement the existing network of facilities and energy infrastructure across Pembina's asset base.
The contractual arrangements associated with Pembina's marketing business vary by service offering.
Aux Sable
The Marketing & New Ventures Division includes Pembina's ownership interest in Aux Sable, since the majority of cash flow from this asset is derived from the sales of commodities.
Aux Sable U.S. is owned by Pembina (42.7 percent), Enbridge Inc. (42.7 percent) and Williams Partners (14.6 percent). Aux Sable Canada is owned equally by Pembina and Enbridge Inc.
Aux Sable U.S. includes the Channahon Facility, located in Channahon, Illinois, about 80 km southwest of Chicago near the eastern terminus of the Alliance pipeline. The Channahon Facility is capable of processing 2,100 MMcf/d of natural gas and can produce approximately 131 Mbpd of specification NGL products. All of the natural gas delivered via the Alliance Pipeline is processed at the Channahon Facility.
Under transportation agreements with natural gas shippers on the Alliance Pipeline, Aux Sable Liquid Products LP has the right to extract NGL from all of the natural gas transported for the period of the agreements. Aux Sable has signed NGL value-sharing agreements with gas producers in Alberta, British Columbia and North Dakota. Approximately 60 percent of the gas contracted by Aux Sable is under these NGL value-sharing agreements.
Aux Sable Liquid Products LP entered into an exclusive NGL sale agreement with an NGL marketer on December 31, 2005, pursuant to which Aux Sable Liquid Products LP sells a portion of its NGL production from the Channahon Facility to such counterparty. In return, Aux Sable Liquid Products LP receives a fixed annual fee and percentage share of any net margin generated from the business in excess of specified thresholds. The NGL sales agreement has an initial term expiring March 31, 2026 and may be extended by mutual agreement for 10-year terms on a continuous basis.
The Channahon Facility includes storage and rail facilities as well as NGL pipelines that connect the facility to various third-party terminals, refineries and petrochemical plants. The scale and geographic location of the Channahon Facility provides western Canadian and Bakken producers with economic options for liquids rich natural gas take, away and access to U.S. NGL markets, avoiding costly investments in field processing and transportation infrastructure.

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The other primary assets of Aux Sable U.S. include:
The Palermo Conditioning Plant, located near Palermo, North Dakota, a 80 MMcf/d plant which receives gas from gathering systems servicing nearby Bakken shale oil and gas production areas and removes the heavier hydrocarbon compounds while leaving the majority of the natural gas liquids in the rich gas prior to shipping on the Alliance Pipeline via delivery on the Prairie Rose Pipeline; and
The Prairie Rose Pipeline, a 120 MMcf/d pipeline connecting the Palermo Conditioning Plant to the Alliance Pipeline.
The primary assets of Aux Sable Canada include:
The Heartland Offgas Plant (" HOP "), a 20 MMcf/d extraction plant located in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. HOP produces valuable products including hydrogen, ethane, and other natural gas liquids from a refinery offgas stream supplied from Shell’s Scotford Complex. The products are returned to Shell via pipeline;
The Wilder Gas Plant, a 60 MMcf/d sweet gas processing plant, located in northeastern British Columbia. The facility is owned approximately 15.5 percent by Aux Sable Canada and is operated by a third party;
The Septimus Gas Plant, a 75 MMcf/d sweet gas processing plant, located in northeastern British Columbia. The facility is owned approximately 15.5 percent by Aux Sable Canada and is operated by a third party; and
The Septimus Pipeline, which is located in northeastern British Columbia and transports sweet, liquids rich natural gas from the Septimus and Wilder Gas Plants to the Alliance Pipeline, for downstream processing at Aux Sable U.S.’s Channahon Facility. The pipeline is 100 percent owned by Aux Sable Canada and operated by a third party. The pipeline has a capacity of approximately 350 MMcf/d.
Alliance Canada Marketing
Alliance Canada Marketing is owned by Pembina (42.7 percent), Enbridge (42.7 percent) and Williams Partners (14.6 percent) and holds total firm transportation capacity of 76.2 MMcf/d on the Alliance Pipeline. This capacity was not contracted at the time Alliance Pipeline was approved and Alliance Canada Marketing was formed solely to manage this capacity. Alliance Canada Marketing’s mandate is to generate earnings from the capacity, for the benefit of its owners, through the purchase, transportation and sale of natural gas and from the optimization of those activities. As a shipper on the Alliance Pipeline, Alliance Canada Marketing is entitled to the relevant capacity and is obligated to pay the associated demand charges.
Alliance Canada Marketing has assigned the capacity it holds on the Alliance Canada Pipeline to a marketer. Alliance Canada Marketing has also appointed the marketer as agent in the U.S. for the capacity it holds and uses on the Alliance U.S. Pipeline. In both Canada and the U.S., the marketer has agreed to pay negotiated market-based rates to use its respective capacity.
New Ventures
Pembina's Marketing & New Ventures Division includes development of new large-scale, or value chain extending projects, currently including:
PDH/PP Facility
On February 4, 2019, Pembina and PIC have approved development of a $4.5 billion, 550,000 tonne per annum integrated propane dehydrogenation plant and polypropylene upgrading facility (the " PDH/PP Facility ") through their equally-owned joint venture, CKPC. The PDH/PP Facility will be located adjacent to RFS and will convert approximately 23 Mbpd of locally supplied propane into polypropylene, a high value polymer used in a wide range of finished products, including automobiles, medical devices, food packaging and home electronic appliances, among others. Pembina's net investment is expected to be $2.5 billion. This project is expected to be in-service mid-2023, subject to environmental and regulatory approvals.

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Jordan Cove LNG Project
Pembina has proposed development of a 7.8 million tonne per annum (approximately 1.3 bcf/d) greenfield LNG export terminal in Coos Bay, Oregon, and a natural gas pipeline that will transport natural gas from the Malin Hub in southern Oregon to the export terminal. In September 2017, the Company filed applications with the FERC for the construction and operation of the Jordan Cove LNG Project.  The Company received a FERC Notice of Schedule during the third quarter of 2018 and, based on that notice, currently anticipates a final FERC decision on the Jordan Cove LNG Project in November of 2019.  Pembina anticipates first gas in 2024, pending the receipt of the necessary regulatory approvals, a positive final investment decision and other requirements. Pembina also continues to work with various state and other agencies with an objective to progress the project on a similar timeline.
Given the size of the Jordan Cove LNG Project, the Company intends to seek partners for both the Pacific Gas Connector Pipeline and liquification facility thereby reducing its current 100 percent ownership interest to a net ownership interest of between 50 and 60 percent.
Seasonality
Pembina's businesses are affected by seasonality as follows:
Construction and operational maintenance activities may vary seasonally. Site access and ground conditions can be impacted by spring melting and, as a result, Pembina typically experiences higher pipeline maintenance and integrity spending in the first and fourth quarters of the year. Labour productivity may be negatively impacted by seasonal weather conditions including extreme temperatures in the winter;
Conventional feeder pipelines and gathering systems generally experience lower volumes during the spring months as a result of reduced drilling primarily due to weight restrictions on roads, producers conducting maintenance on their batteries and gas plant turnarounds. The magnitude and duration of road weight restrictions are dependent upon spring weather conditions. Many battery operators also perform maintenance work on production facilities during the spring months. Road restrictions and battery maintenance can also impact gathering pipeline receipts during the fall months, although the impact on throughput is generally less pronounced than during the spring months. Similar seasonality impacts are experienced upstream of the pipelines at Pembina's gas processing facilities;
Volumes transported on the Alliance Pipeline or volumes processed at gas processing facilities are generally higher during winter months as gas compression is more efficient in cold weather and there is, therefore, increased availability to flow interruptible volumes in the winter months, subject to customer demand for the service; and
The financial performance of Pembina's marketing business can be affected by seasonal demands for products and other market factors. Propane inventory generally builds over the second and third quarters of the year and is sold in the fourth quarter and the first quarter of the following year during the winter heating season. Condensate, butane and ethane are generally sold rateably throughout the year. See " Risk Factors – Risks Inherent in Pembina's Business – Commodity Price Risk ".
OTHER INFORMATION RELATING TO PEMBINA'S BUSINESS
Operations Management and Corporate Governance
Operating Management System
Pembina is committed to operational excellence and we deliver this through our Operating Management System (" OMS "). Pembina’s OMS provides a consistent framework for the design, development, and implementation of a comprehensive suite of policies, programs, procedures, standards and tools that guide, govern and drive operating activities. The Pembina OMS also supports cyclical planning, implementation, review, and adjustment of operational activities. Pembina’s OMS meets U.S. and Canada federal, provincial and state regulations to establish, implement and maintain a management system that anticipates, prevents, manages and mitigates conditions that may adversely affect the safety and security of Pembina’s employees, the public, the environment, and our infrastructure assets. Our OMS helps align Pembina with industry best practices and standards.

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Pembina’s OMS is comprised of a number of individual programs that are intended to drive safety, reliability, efficiency, cost-effectiveness and continuous improvement of our operational performance. The programs are outlined below:

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Pembina uses the “plan, do, check, act” cycle of continuous improvement. OMS risks are assessed and addressed by identifying goals, objectives and targets for risk reduction or performance improvement. Additionally, we are continuously improving our OMS over time through regularly scheduled OMS Working Group meetings and assurance and management review activities where corrective and preventative actions are identified and implemented. Any necessary modifications to the OMS are implemented through Pembina’s management of change framework. By implementing OMS in support of a strong safety culture, Pembina’s projects are designed, constructed, operated and decommissioned or abandoned in a manner that considers the safety and security of the public, Pembina personnel and physical assets, and the protection of property and the environment.
Corporate Governance
In 2018, Pembina updated its governance framework and completed a company-wide update of its corporate policies to align with the changing business of the Company and Pembina’s new strategy and purpose (see " Description of Pembina’s Business and Operations – Pembina's Business Objective and Strategy "), to comply with new and existing laws and regulations and to adhere to best practices in the industry. In addition, Pembina developed a new set of policies for the growing number of employees in the United States. With these changes, the Pembina OMS was also updated to reflect the updated corporate policies. Pembina's corporate policies reflect Pembina’s core values and beliefs, which in turn influence the OMS and associated programs.
Further information about Pembina's corporate governance will be included in Pembina's management information circular for its 2019 meeting of Shareholders, and copies of Pembina's Code of Ethics, Whistleblower Policy and other corporate governance policies can be found on Pembina's website at www.pembina.com.

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Certain of Pembina's policies are aimed at preserving a positive relationship with the physical and social environment in which Pembina operates. These policies are outlined below:
Health, Safety and Environment (" HSE ") Policy (Canada and United States)
Health, safety and the environment are top priorities in all of Pembina's operations and business activities. Pembina is committed to being an industry leader in conducting its business so that it meets or exceeds all applicable laws and regulations designed to protect the health and safety of workers, the public and safeguard the environment affected by its activities. Pembina is also committed to improving its HSE performance. These areas are of paramount importance to management, employees and contractors at the Company. Pembina believes that excellence in HSE practices is essential to the well-being of the Company.
The Safety and Environment Committee of the Board of Directors monitors compliance with the HSE Policy through regular reporting.
Enterprise Risk Management Policy
This policy sets out the Company’s enterprise risk management principles and specifies expectations associated with Pembina’s risk management activities and governance. Enterprise risk management consists of practices and procedures applied across the Company to identify, measure, assess, respond to, monitor and report on principal risks that may affect the achievement of business objectives.
Code of Ethics Policy (Canada and United States)
Pembina’s reputation is one of its most important assets. The purpose of the Code of Ethics Policy is to establish a high standard of integrity and ethical behaviour to support Pembina’s reputation and our relationships with our internal and external stakeholders. All personnel are expected to comply with the Code of Ethics Policy at all times . The Code of Ethics Policy sets out principles for ethical conduct in the following areas: conflicts of interest; business relationships and fair dealing; compliance with the law; government relations; health, safety and environmental matters; integrity of financial information; disclosure and insider trading; stakeholder and public relations; privacy and confidentiality; protecting our assets and records; entertainment, gifts and other payments; workplace environment and relationships; and reporting responsibilities and procedures.
Alcohol and Drug Policies (Canada and United States)
As part of Pembina's commitment to its employees, contractors and the public, Pembina has comprehensive alcohol and drug policies in place which require that all personnel remain fit for work while on duty or on call. These policies forms a part of Pembina's approach to risk mitigation and safety and supports the HSE Policy. Pembina has also implemented an alcohol and drug policy for Department of Transportation workers as required under applicable United States laws.
Aboriginal and Tribal Relations Policy (Canada and United States)
By striving for positive and mutually-beneficial relationships with Aboriginal and Tribal leadership and communities, Pembina employees, consultants and contractors will help build continued success for Pembina's existing and expanding systems and other businesses. As part of Pembina’s approach to Aboriginal and Tribal relations, Pembina seeks to enter into lasting and mutually-beneficial relationships with all Aboriginal and Tribal peoples affected by its operations.
Whistleblower Policy (Canada and United States)
Pembina is committed to high standards of professional and ethical conduct in all activities. Pembina's reputation for honesty and integrity among its stakeholders is key to the success of its business. The transparency, honesty, integrity and accountability of Pembina's financial, administrative and management practices are vital. These high standards guide the decisions of the Board of Directors and are relied upon by Pembina's stakeholders and the financial markets.
For these reasons, it is critical to maintain a workplace where concerns regarding questionable business practices can be raised without fear of any discrimination, retaliation or harassment. Pembina also believes that encouraging a culture of openness and ethical leadership from management supports this process. As such, Pembina's Whistleblower Policy encourages directors, officers, employees, consultants, contractors, agents and external stakeholders to act responsibly, raise concerns and report any

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potential instances of unethical practices within Pembina, rather than overlooking a problem or seeking a resolution of the problem outside Pembina. In addition to raising concerns directly with Pembina management, individuals may report concerns anonymously and on a confidential basis to the chair of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors or through Pembina's whistleblower line, which is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week both online and through a toll-free number. Complaints received by Pembina under its Whistleblower Policy are thoroughly investigated.
Corporate Security Policy
Pembina is committed to protecting the safety of its workers, the public, and to safeguarding Pembina's facilities, physical infrastructure, and physical property. These areas are of paramount importance to management, employees and contractors at the Company. Pembina believes that excellence in security management is essential to the well-being of the Company. As such, Pembina is committed to identifying security risks and establishing appropriate programs and procedures to reduce these risks to an acceptable level, and to testing these programs and procedures to assess their effectiveness on a regular basis.
Cyber Security Policy
Pembina is committed to protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of its information assets. These areas are of paramount importance to management, employees and contractors at the Company. Pembina believes that excellence in security management of its information assets is essential to the well-being of the Company. As such, Pembina is committed to identifying security risks and establishing appropriate programs and procedures, including the Enterprise Cyber Security Plan, to reduce these risks to an acceptable level, and to testing these programs and procedures to assess their effectiveness on a regular basis.
Privacy Policy
Pembina is committed to maintaining the accuracy, confidentiality and security of personal information in accordance with applicable privacy laws. Protection of personal information is of paramount importance to management, employees and contractors at the Company. As such, Pembina is committed to setting out the manner in which Pembina collects, uses, discloses, protects and otherwise manages personal information.
Respectful Workplace Policy (Canada)/Policy Prohibiting Harassment and Discrimination (United States)
Pembina is committed to providing a respectful workplace in which all people are treated with respect and dignity. The safety and well-being of everyone working for or in connection with Pembina is a priority. Harassment, discrimination and violence in the workplace will not be tolerated in any form. These policies establish clear standards and expectations for all staff to prevent and protect individuals from workplace harassment, discrimination and violence.
Security Management Policy
Pembina is committed to protecting the safety of its workers, the public, and to safeguarding Pembina's facilities and information. These areas are of paramount importance to management, employees and contractors. Pembina believes that excellence in Security Management is essential to the well-being of the Company.
Information and Communication Systems
Pembina has a Pipeline Control Management Program in place to ensure that our pipeline systems are operated safely and reliably. As part of the Pipeline Control Management Program, Pembina employs modern SCADA technology on the majority of its pipeline systems. The SCADA systems allow for continuous electronic monitoring and control of the pipeline systems from dedicated computer consoles located in Pembina's control centre in Sherwood Park, Alberta. Operators monitor the computer consoles 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. The SCADA systems and associated leak detection software continually monitor pipeline flow and operating conditions. Line balance calculations are performed automatically by the system and alarms are triggered when imbalances are detected. When imbalance alarms are triggered, trained control centre operators investigate the alarm or shut down the pipeline in accordance with Pembina's Segment Imbalance Response Protocol.

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Integrity Management
Pembina employs comprehensive asset integrity management programs and dedicates a significant portion of its annual operating budget directly to integrity management activities. Pembina's integrity management programs include the systems, processes, analysis and documentation designed to ensure proactive and transparent management of its pipeline systems and facilities, in compliance with applicable standards and regulations.
Pembina's asset integrity management programs are designed to achieve enhanced safety, reliability and longevity through the entire asset lifecycle. They incorporate industry best practices and are designed to meet or exceed regulatory requirements with the goal of achieving enhanced safety, reliability and longevity of our assets.
Integrity management begins at the engineering and design phase. Pembina has a robust set of engineering and design specifications to ensure learnings and best practices are captured and consistently applied to future projects. At the early stages of building a new pipeline, we ensure that pipeline routes are chosen to avoid geologically unstable or high consequence areas and to minimize environmental impact. To further mitigate the risk and impact of an incident, we design our pipelines so that they can be safely shut down and that segments can be isolated by installing block valves at strategic intervals along the system. Where appropriate, we take extra safety precautions, such as increasing pipe wall thickness or depth-of-cover, to help mitigate risks. In addition, when it comes to choosing materials for new construction, Pembina only uses steel pipe and other products that have been manufactured to meet the highest quality standards and specifications. As part of the design of facilities, impacts to existing infrastructure are identified and mitigation measures established as part of the Process Hazard Assessment process. The outcome is that lifecycle costs are minimized, while assuring safe, reliable and compliant operation.
Proactive pipeline integrity management activities extend into operations with programs, including right-of-way patrols and public awareness to reduce the likelihood of third-party damage, system-specific hazard evaluations and risk assessments, geotechnical programs to manage slope instability and river crossings, the use of specific chemicals to reduce the likelihood of internal corrosion from impurities and bacteria in the oil, cathodic protection to mitigate the possible growth of external corrosion, training and competency management programs for staff and contractors, enhanced emergency response procedures and training exercises.
We plan and execute scheduled turnarounds and outages at our gas processing, fractionation and pipeline facilities to complete required maintenance and inspection of pressure equipment, tanks, piping and pressure relieving devices. By using data collected through our facility integrity program, we can provide cost-effective, safe and reliable operation of our facilities – to the benefit of our customers and shareholders.
Environmental Matters
Pembina's pipelines and other assets are subject to environmental regulation and relevant approvals, and must comply with applicable federal, provincial, state and local laws and regulations in Canada and the U.S. Such laws and regulations govern, among other things, operating and maintenance standards, emissions and waste discharge and disposal. Management expects that Pembina's facilities and operations meet or exceed those requirements. Pembina participates in the following applicable regulated emission reporting programs: Canadian Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting Program, Alberta Specified Gas Reporting Program, Ontario Cap and Trade Reporting Regulations, Canadian National Pollutant Release Inventory Reporting Program and Carbon Competitiveness Incentive Regulation.
To confirm regulatory compliance and conformance with Pembina's internal environmental standards, Pembina has in place an Environmental Management Program, which includes a planned environmental audit program. As part of this program, regularly scheduled third-party environmental compliance audits are conducted at various facilities within a selected business unit each year. The Environmental Management Program is designed such that assets within each major business unit are audited at least once every five years.
Pembina's focus on integrity management and safe operations continues to result in low incident frequency and minimal environmental impact. Each year, to manage environmental liability, Pembina invests in the remediation and reclamation of pre-existing spill sites, thereby reducing Pembina’s environmental liabilities. In addition to the environmental expenses associated with its operations, Pembina also invests in environmental assessment, planning, permitting and post-construction monitoring associated with the Company's capital projects.

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Safety Program
Pembina has a Safety Program in place which employs a systematic approach comprised of principles, standards, procedures, guidelines, and other supporting documents, which are aligned with, and supportive of, the HSE Policy and other Pembina programs, including training programs, that form Pembina's OMS.
To further enhance improvement company-wide, Pembina has established a corporate incident review panel (" IRP ") and an Executive Safety Committee. The IRP meets six times a year and consists of operations, engineering and safety leaders as well as business and service unit Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents and the President and Chief Executive Officer. The IRP is focused on analyzing and understanding the causes of incidents and determining and completing resulting action plans to eliminate re-occurrence and ensuring that learnings are fully communicated and implemented on a corporate-wide basis.
Pembina holds a Certification of Recognition designation which is awarded annually by the Alberta government to employers who have health and safety programs that meet established government standards.
Pembina uses ComplyWorks, a program that aggregates and discloses the safety track record of service providers, to manage contractor pre-qualifications, orientations and compliance. The Construction Supervisor Onboarding Program and Contract Safety Representative Onboarding Process were created to ensure contractors in these roles are provided with a consistent and standardized approach to Pembina’s policies, safety culture and gain a clear understanding of their specific role.
Emergency Management Program
Pembina is committed to being ready to safely and effectively respond to emergency situations related to or impacting our operations. As part of Pembina's emergency preparedness, we conduct regular staff emergency awareness sessions and ensure that local emergency responders (police, fire/EMS, disaster services, and others) are provided with key information to facilitate their response to potential emergency situations.
Inventories of specially-designed emergency response equipment for deployment along Pembina's pipeline system are maintained. Additionally, as a member of the Western Canadian Spill Services Co-op, the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association Mutual Aid Plan and Emergency Response Assistance Canada, Pembina has access to emergency response equipment and participates in emergency response exercises with other industry members. Emergency response equipment is strategically located near Pembina's operations.
Security Management Program
Pembina’s Security Management Program (" SMP ") is the foundation for corporate security and cyber security management. This enables Pembina to conduct its activities and operations in a manner consistent with Pembina’s commitment to protecting people, the environment and property. The SMP establishes requirements for development, implementation, maintenance, and evaluation process of security management activities. The SMP is based on established management system models with the objective of utilizing a structured system that enables ongoing review and continual improvement of security management performance and related processes. Continual improvement is part of Pembina’s SMP with goals, objectives and targets established on an annual basis. The SMP includes documentation that describes Pembina’s processes to: 
Identify relevant security management legal and regulatory requirements, as well as manage and communicate changes in these requirements;  
Identify and assess security vulnerabilities, threats, hazards and risks associated with Pembina’s activities for the purpose of establishing appropriate security mitigation measures, preparedness and response; and 
Establish and track progress on achieving security management goals, objectives and targets.
Damage Prevention and Public Awareness Programs
Working safely around pipelines and preventing damage to Pembina owned and operated pipelines and facilities and associated infrastructure is in the best interest of all of Pembina’s stakeholders. Pipeline infrastructure is often buried underground and, as a result, preventing pipeline damage depends on operators, the public and stakeholders working together to be aware of the

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dangers and taking appropriate actions to prevent risk of damage. Pembina’s Damage Prevention and Public Awareness Programs are dedicated to worker safety, public safety, protection of the environment and the preservation of the integrity of our infrastructure.
Pembina is committed to keeping those who live and work around our underground infrastructure informed and aware of our underground infrastructure and operational activities by establishing meaningful and open communications. This commitment includes maintaining positive relationships with the residents, landowners, communities and the public, as well as Aboriginal communities near our operations.
Operations and Maintenance – Operator Qualification and Preventative Maintenance Management
In 2018, Pembina’s SAP-based preventative maintenance management tool ( " PMM " ) was completed. The objective of the PMM is to ensure safe, consistent and efficient asset management. PMM is a key component of our OMS and a driver of safe and efficient asset management and operation.
Pembina’s Operator Qualification Program for the United States operations of the Vantage Pipeline and West Spur Lateral is in place to ensure that our Operators and Technicians are trained and qualified to perform their duties safely.
Industry Regulation
Pembina’s pipelines are regulated by various regulatory bodies, including, but not limited to, the AER, AUC, BCUC, BCOGC, NEB, PHMSA and FERC.
The Regulatory Financial Program (“ RF Program ”) and its supporting processes, procedures and practices are used to provide strategic direction, leadership and oversight of financial operational regulatory compliance at Pembina. The purpose of the RF Program is to develop, implement and maintain financial operational regulatory processes, procedures and practices in accordance with regulatory requirements. Currently, the RF Program only covers NEB and FERC regulated pipelines that Pembina wholly owns and operates.
AER and AUC
With respect to rate-regulation in Alberta, once a permit to construct a pipeline is issued by the AER, subject to regulatory intervention, the pipeline is free to establish tolls in a competitive market environment. Tolls are established under contracts of varying terms and conditions and are also posted by location for non-firm (interruptible) service. Posted tolls which are applied to non-firm volumes can generally be adjusted to respond to changing volumes, costs and market circumstances. Contracted tolls on firm contracts can also be adjusted, where permitted by the terms of the contract, for such things as changes in the consumer price index, changes in power costs, extraordinary natural events that impact pipeline integrity and changes to regulations associated with pipelines. For common carriers, pipeline customers have recourse to the AER, with respect to pipeline access and discrimination among customers and to the AUC on tariff matters.
Pembina’s facilities are subject to regulation by the AER under the Licensee Liability Rating Program and the Large Facility Liability Management Program. These programs require that Pembina submit an abandonment and reclamation estimate to the AER and that Pembina demonstrate the financial ability to complete the required activities.
BCUC
The tolls on certain of the B.C. Pipelines are rate-regulated by the BCUC. The BCUC approves tolls that may be charged by common carriers and regulates other tolls on a complaints basis.
NEB
Interprovincial or international pipelines fall under the NEB's jurisdiction. Under the National Energy Board Act and regulations, companies who own and/or operate NEB-regulated pipelines are divided into two groups. Group 1 consists of the major pipeline companies which are subject to enhanced regulatory oversight by the NEB. The other pipeline companies under the jurisdiction of the NEB, not included in Group 1, have been classified as Group 2. The Canadian segment of the Alliance Pipeline is classified as Group 1. Pembina's other NEB regulated pipelines are regulated as Group 2 companies by the NEB. For these Group 2 pipeline

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systems, if no complaint is filed, the NEB may presume that the filed tariffs are just and reasonable. The Northwest Pipeline, the Taylor to Belloy Pipeline, the Pouce Coupé Pipeline and the Pouce Coupé Lateral, all licensed by Pembina’s wholly-owned subsidiary Pouce Coupé Pipe Line Ltd., are regulated by the NEB. Pembina's Taylor to Boundary Lake Pipeline owned by Pembina Energy Services Inc. and Pembina's Vantage Pipeline, which is owned by Pembina Prairie Facilities Ltd., both wholly-owned subsidiaries of Pembina, are regulated by the NEB. The four lines collectively referred to as the Tupper Pipelines, licensed by Veresen Energy Pipeline Inc., and 42 percent owned by Pembina, are also regulated by the NEB. The Kerrobert pipeline is regulated by the NEB but is not operated by Pembina.
In October 2016, regulations with respect to the Pipeline Safety Act , specifically Financial Requirements Respecting Pipelines were pre-published in the Canada Gazette, Part I. In July 2018, the Pipeline Financial Regulations were published in the Canada Gazette Part II and will come into force in July 2019. Pembina will be required to maintain a minimum of $1 billion in financial resources to meet the absolute liability limit requirements in the Pipeline Safety Act . The NEB requires the Company to maintain these financial resources and readily accessible funds in specific types of financial instruments.
Bill C-69, which is not yet law, proposes the repeal of the National Energy Board Act and the enactment of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act. Overall, the Canadian Energy Regulator Act parallels the current regulatory regime under the National Energy Board Act in several areas, including: pipeline traffic, tolls and tariffs; authorizations for the export of oil and gas; liabilities for unintended or uncontrolled releases; and a pipeline company's financial requirements. Significant changes to the regulatory regime include establishing a new entity (the " Canadian Energy Regulator ") to replace the NEB, broader "public interest" considerations prior to making a recommendation to the Minister on an application for a pipeline certificate and increased indigenous participation.
FERC
The FERC is an independent U.S. agency that regulates the interstate transmission of natural gas, and oil. The Ruby Pipeline and the U.S. segment of the Alliance Pipeline are subject to FERC jurisdiction. Further, Alliance U.S. is subject to regulation by the FERC as a "natural gas company" under the U.S. Natural Gas Act of 1938. Under such legislation, the FERC has jurisdiction over Alliance U.S. with respect to virtually all commercial aspects of its business, including transportation of natural gas, rates and charges, construction of new facilities, extension or abandonment of service and facilities, accounts and records, depreciation and amortization policies, the acquisition and disposition of facilities, the initiation and discontinuation of services, affiliate relationships and certain other matters.
In general, rates charged by interstate natural gas pipeline companies may not exceed the statutory "just and reasonable" or "recourse" rates approved by the FERC and natural gas pipeline companies are prohibited from granting any undue preference to any person or maintaining any unreasonable difference in their rates or terms and conditions of service. However, under the FERC's current policies, a pipeline may obtain approval to charge negotiated rates which differ from (and may exceed) the "just and reasonable" or the FERC regulated "recourse" rate. The FERC approved Alliance U.S.'s proposal to offer shippers both negotiated and "recourse" rate options. Accordingly, Alliance U.S.'s existing tariff contains both negotiated and "recourse" rates.
The U.S. segment of the Vantage Pipeline is subject to FERC jurisdiction, however not as an interstate natural gas pipeline, but rather as a liquids pipeline under the Interstate Commerce Act. See " Risk Factors – Risks Inherent in Pembina's Business – Abandonment Costs ", " Risk Factors – Risks Inherent to Pembina's Business – Environmental Costs and Liabilities " and " Risk Factors – Risks Inherent to Pembina's Business – Regulation and Legislation. "
Indemnification and Insurance
Pembina maintains insurance to provide coverage in relation to the ownership of its assets and also maintains standard director and officer insurance consistent with industry practice.
Pembina believes that it has procured such insurance coverage as would be maintained by a prudent owner and operator of the type of assets owned and operated by Pembina. This insurance coverage is subject to limits and exclusions or limitations on coverage that Pembina considers reasonable given the cost of procuring such insurance and current operating conditions. However, there can be no assurance that insurance coverage will be adequate in any particular situation or that insurers will be able to fulfill their obligations should a claim be made. Further, there can be no assurance that such insurance coverage will be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms or at commercially reasonable rates.

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Employees
As at December 31, 2018, Pembina employed 2,162 personnel, of which 1,161 were engaged in the performance of field operations and superintendence activities, and 1,001 were engaged in the performance of facilities engineering, systems, management, finance, accounting, administration, human resources, information services, drafting, business development, safety and environmental service and other activities. Of the above field operations employees, 41 are unionized. Pembina's workforce is relatively stable with limited turnover and employees are financially encouraged to remain in Pembina's employment through options to purchase Common Shares, long-term incentive programs and pension plans, all of which vest over time.
Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility
Pembina is committed to maintaining a high standard of corporate governance and ethical practices, both within the corporate boardroom and throughout its operations. Pembina's corporate governance practices aim to:
Enhance and preserve value;
Protect dividends;
Ensure Pembina meets its obligations to all regulatory bodies, business partners, customers, stakeholders, employees and Shareholders; and
Operate in a safe, reliable and environmentally responsible way.
Pembina published its first sustainability report in December 2018.
Pembina is a public company listed on the TSX and the NYSE, and it recognizes and respects rules and regulations applicable to listed issuers in both Canada and the U.S. Pembina's corporate governance practices comply with the Canadian governance guidelines, which include the governance rules of the TSX and the Canadian Securities Administrators, including:
National Instrument 52-110 - Audit Committees ;
National Policy 58-201 - Corporate Governance Guidelines ; and
National Instrument 58-101 - Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices .
Pembina also complies with the governance listing standards of the NYSE and the governance rules of the SEC that apply to foreign private issuers.
Pembina's governance practices comply with the NYSE standards for U.S. companies in all significant respects, except as summarized on Pembina's website at www.pembina.com. As a non-U.S. company, Pembina is not required to comply with most of the governance listing standards of the NYSE. As a foreign private issuer, however, Pembina must disclose how its governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies that are subject to the NYSE standards.
Some of Pembina’s best practices are derived from the NYSE rules and comply with applicable rules adopted by the SEC to meet the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act .
CANADIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
General
The discussion below provides a high-level overview of the crude and heavy oil industry, the NGL and natural gas industry and the midstream infrastructure industry, with a particular focus on western Canada, given that a significant portion of Pembina's operations are situated in Alberta. Pembina also has operations in eastern Canada and the U.S. Volumes which feed into those assets predominantly originate in western Canada before being transported to eastern markets via a third-party pipeline.

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Western Canada is the major source of conventional crude oil, synthetic crude oil, natural gas, bitumen and related products, including NGL and condensate, in Canada. Production comes primarily from Alberta with lesser amounts from British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. Synthetic crude oil and bitumen come from the oil sands developments near Fort McMurray, Alberta.
Efficient, low cost, and safe transportation by pipeline, rail and truck from producing fields and facilities to refineries, processing plants and domestic and export markets is essential to the Canadian oil and gas industry.
Canadian Crude and Heavy Oil
While western Canada has one of the world's largest crude oil reserves, the WCSB was once considered to be a declining resource. However, over the past number of years, the crude oil industry in western Canada has implemented improved drilling technologies, which have enabled increased recoveries and have enhanced economics. Technologies such as multi-stage hydraulic fracturing have allowed producers to access tighter areas of conventional reserves as well as shales, which were previously considered to be uneconomical. Through this development, crude oil produced from the WCSB has significantly increased.
Alberta is also abundant in oil sands – a natural mixture of sand, water, clay and a type of natural heavy oil called bitumen. Once the bitumen is recovered and processed to separate it from the sand and water and upgraded, synthetic crude oil is produced. Oil sands may be extracted by surface mining where it is moved by trucks to a processing facility or by in situ processes which use steam, solvents and/or thermal energy to allow the bitumen to be pumped to the surface. Because bitumen is so viscous, it often requires dilution with lighter hydrocarbons, such as condensate, to make it transportable by pipeline.
Crude oil production ends up being consumed in refineries. Refineries are widely distributed geographically and can be located anywhere along the transportation chain, from the production basin hub locations to mid-point junctions on transmission networks to tidewater where foreign production is able to access North American markets via marine transport. For locations directly connected to pipelines, there is a service requirement to manage supply with demand, balancing between the pipeline and the customer.
Pipelines continue to be the safest, most economical and predominant mode of transporting large amounts of crude oil, however, given the extensive rail infrastructure network across North America and the lack of sufficient export pipeline capacity, transporting hydrocarbon products by rail has gained momentum.
Product Transportation: Feeder Pipeline Systems
Feeder pipeline systems gather petroleum products from producing fields and facilities for transport to regional centres for storage, fractionation, refining and connection to larger pipelines. From these centres, petroleum products are further transported by export pipeline or rail systems either to domestic markets in western or eastern Canada or to markets in the northern U.S. for end–use or used as feedstock in refineries or the petrochemical industry. The major operational centre for the Canadian oil and natural gas industry is the Edmonton/Fort Saskatchewan area of Alberta, which is the largest crude oil refining centre in western Canada and a major fractionation and market hub for NGL and related products. In addition, the Edmonton/Fort Saskatchewan area is the hub of the Alberta feeder pipeline network and the starting point of many large Canadian export pipelines.
Truck terminals are a means for oil, condensate and NGL production, which is not pipeline connected, to secure transportation access to market.
Product Transportation: Export Liquids Pipeline Systems
The export liquids pipelines originating in the Edmonton area are the Trans Mountain Pipeline and the Enbridge Pipeline. Crude oil and refined products delivered to domestic and export markets on the west coast are transported through the Trans Mountain Pipeline. Crude oil and refined products delivered to eastern Canada and the northern U.S. are transported through the Enbridge Pipeline. NGL delivered to eastern Canadian and export markets are transported through the Enbridge Pipeline. The existing Keystone Pipeline and Express Pipeline also export crude oil from Hardisty, Alberta.

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Natural Gas Liquids
The NGL industry involves the production, storage, and transportation of products that are extracted from natural gas prior to its sale to end-use customers. Natural gas is a mixture of various hydrocarbon components, the most abundant of which is methane. The higher value hydrocarbons, which include ethane (C2), propane (C3), butane (C4) and condensate (C5+), are generally in gaseous form at the pressures and temperatures under which natural gas is gathered and transported. NGL extraction facilities recover NGL mix from natural gas in a liquid form. The significant majority of NGL supply in western Canada is derived from natural gas processing, with the remainder derived from the refining of crude oil. The profitability of the industry is based on the products extracted being of greater economic value as separate commodities (net of the costs of extraction and transportation) than as components of natural gas.
The NGL value chain begins with the gathering of gas produced from the wellhead and moving it to a gas plant. The gas then gets processed through field processing plants and mainline extraction facilities, as well as treated for removal of water, sulphur and other impurities. The value chain culminates with the transportation of NGL mix from the gas plant via pipeline to fractionation plants where the NGL mix will be separated into saleable products and marketed to the final NGL customers.
Condensate is produced naturally at the wellhead when natural gas is brought to the surface at a gas well. It is then either trucked to a connection point on a pipeline or the natural gas plant may be connected directly into a gathering pipeline system for onward delivery to market. Condensate is used primarily as a diluent to blend with heavy crude oil to decrease viscosity and density, allowing transport in pipelines. In addition, condensate is used as a refinery feedstock in the production of gasoline, kerosene and jet fuel. With the growth in demand for diluents for heavy oil transportation, there is a requirement to manage diluents prior to injection into the various diluent delivery pipelines. This demand includes accessing the greatest variety of diluents, meeting diluent quality specifications and storage.
The North American markets for NGL are largely continental in nature, though exports have been increasing, with end uses varying substantially by product, from heating and transportation fuels to petrochemical and crude oil refining feed stocks. Ethane is used as feedstock for the petrochemical industry. Propane is the most versatile of the NGL products with uses such as home and commercial heating, crop drying, cooking, motor fuel and petrochemical feedstock. Butane is used primarily in gasoline blending, either directly or in the production of iso-octane and as a diluent for heavy oil.
NGL Extraction
NGL is recovered at three distinct types of facilities: natural gas field plants, natural gas mainline straddle plants and oil refineries. Field plants process raw natural gas, which is produced from wells in the immediate vicinity, to remove impurities such as water, sulphur and carbon dioxide prior to the delivery of natural gas to the major natural gas pipeline systems. Field plants also remove almost all condensate and as much as 65 percent of propane and 80 percent of butane to meet pipeline specifications, leaving ethane and unrecovered NGL in the natural gas. Most western Canadian field plants do not extract ethane but leave it in the natural gas. Once processed, the natural gas is then compressed and delivered to one of the major gas transmission systems in the region. In Alberta, any residual NGL and ethane in the natural gas is extracted at mainline straddle plants prior to export.
NGL extraction produces a mixed hydrocarbon product (either ethane-plus (C2+) or propane-plus (C3+)), which must be further processed in subsequent steps to separate out the individual products. At most field facilities, only sufficient NGL to make the natural gas marketable is extracted; however, with the addition of deep cut processing facilities and mainline straddle plants, further NGL extraction is possible to ensure the maximum amount of NGL is recovered. NGL products have historically been priced relative to oil, so this additional level of recovery is dependent on the relative value between oil and natural gas. As the relative price of oil versus natural gas increases, the economic impetus for this activity is also increased.
NGL Fractionation
NGL mix extracted at field plants and straddle plants is transported via pipelines, truck or rail to fractionation facilities, which separate the mix into its components: ethane, propane, butane and condensate. Due to size, storage and transportation limitations, fractionation generally does not occur at field plants, but rather at larger, well-connected, centralized locations. Once fractionated, the products are stored and transported to end markets by pipeline, truck or rail.

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NGL Transportation
The efficient movement of NGL products requires significant infrastructure, including transportation assets (pipelines, trucks and rail cars), storage facilities, and terminals (rail and truck). The safest, most efficient and lowest-cost means for moving NGL products to markets is by pipeline. The Canadian energy sector has an extensive pipeline network for the transportation of NGL to fractionation facilities, petrochemical complexes, underground storage facilities and the end-user. Pipelines serve as the main mode of NGL transportation (pre- and post-fractionation). Additionally, NGLs are transported by truck and rail.
NGL Storage
Storage assets offer a number of key strategic advantages, which include: (i) providing the necessary operational buffer between production of NGL (which varies daily depending on gas flows and composition) and their consumption (which can vary from day-to-day and season-to-season depending on market needs); (ii) allowing for storage of NGL products for future utilization; and (iii) exploiting seasonal price differentials that may develop over the course of a year (particularly for propane and butane).
Natural Gas Transportation
The natural gas transportation industry from western Canada to eastern markets has historically been controlled by companies affiliated with TransCanada PipeLines Limited. Natural gas supply and pipeline infrastructure has grown over the past several years creating increased competition throughout North America.
The efficient movement of natural gas requires significant infrastructure, including pipelines and storage facilities. The safest, most efficient and the lowest-cost means for moving natural gas to markets is by pipeline. The Canadian energy sector has an extensive pipeline network for the transportation of natural gas to field plants and extraction facilities. Pipelines serve as the main mode of natural gas transportation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF PEMBINA
The authorized capital of Pembina consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares, a number of Class A Preferred Shares, issuable in series, not to exceed twenty percent of the number of issued and outstanding Common Shares at the time of issuance of any Class A Preferred Shares, and an unlimited number of Class B Preferred Shares. As of December 31, 2018, there were approximately 507 million Common Shares outstanding, and approximately 17.9 million Common Shares issuable pursuant to outstanding options under the Option Plan. In addition, 10 million Series 1 Class A Preferred Shares, 6 million Series 3 Class A Preferred Shares, 10 million Series 5 Class A Preferred Shares, 10 million Series 7 Class A Preferred Shares, 9 million Series 9 Class A Preferred Shares, 6.8 million Series 11 Class A Preferred Shares, 10 million Series 13 Class A Preferred Shares, 8 million Series 15 Class A Preferred Shares, 6 million Series 17 Class A Preferred Shares, 8 million Series 19 Class A Preferred Shares and 16 million Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2018.
The following is a summary of the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to the Common Shares, the Class A Preferred Shares and the Class B Preferred Shares.
Common Shares
Holders of Common Shares are entitled to receive notice of and to attend all meetings of Shareholders and to one vote at such meetings for each Common Share held. The holders of the Common Shares are, at the discretion of the Board of Directors and subject to applicable legal restrictions, entitled to receive any dividends declared by the Board of Directors on the Common Shares, and are entitled to share in the remaining property of Pembina upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, subject to the rights of the holders of the Class A Preferred Shares and Class B Preferred Shares.
Pembina has a shareholder rights plan (the " Plan ") that was adopted to ensure, to the extent possible, that all Shareholders are treated fairly in connection with any take‑over bid for Pembina and to ensure that the Board is provided with sufficient time to evaluate unsolicited take-over bids and to explore and develop alternatives to maximize Shareholder value. The Plan creates a right that attaches to each present and subsequently issued Common Share. Until the Separation Time (as defined in the Plan), which typically occurs at the time of an unsolicited take‑over bid, whereby a person acquires or attempts to acquire 20 percent or more of the Common Shares, the rights are not separable from the Common Shares, are not exercisable and no separate rights certificates are issued. Each right entitles the holder, other than the 20 percent acquirer, from and after the Separation Time (as

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defined in the Plan) and before certain expiration times, to acquire one Common Share at a substantial discount to the market price at the time of exercise. The Board of Directors may waive the application of the Plan in certain circumstances. The Plan was reconfirmed by Shareholders at Pembina's 2016 annual meeting and must be reconfirmed at every third annual meeting thereafter. Accordingly, the Plan, with such amendments as the Board of Directors determines to be necessary or advisable, and as may otherwise be required by law, is expected to be placed before Shareholders for approval at Pembina's 2019 meeting of Shareholders. A copy of the agreement relating to the current Plan has been filed on Pembina's SEDAR and EDGAR profiles on May 13, 2016 and May 31, 2016, respectively.
Class A Preferred Shares
The Class A Preferred Shares were not intended to and will not be used by the Company for anti-takeover purposes without Shareholder approval. Subject to certain limitations, the Board may, from time to time, issue Class A Preferred Shares in one or more series and determine for any such series, its designation, number of shares and respective rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions. The Class A Preferred Shares as a class have, among others, the provisions described below.
Each series of Class A Preferred Shares shall rank on parity with every other series of Class A Preferred Shares, and shall have priority over the Common Shares, the Class B Preferred Shares and any other class of shares ranking junior to the Class A Preferred Shares with respect to redemption, the payment of dividends, the return of capital and the distribution of assets in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of Pembina. The Class A Preferred Shares of any series may also be given such preferences, not inconsistent with the provisions thereof, over the Common Shares, the Class B Preferred Shares and over any other class of shares ranking junior to the Class A Preferred Shares, as may be determined by the Board.
In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of Pembina, if any cumulative dividends or amounts payable on a return of capital in respect of a series of Class A Preferred Shares are not paid in full, the Class A Preferred Shares of all series shall participate rateably in: (a) the amounts that would be payable on such shares if all such dividends were declared at or prior to such time and paid in full; and (b) the amounts that would be payable in respect of the return of capital as if all such amounts were paid in full; provided that if there are insufficient assets to satisfy all such claims, the claims of the holders of the Class A Preferred Shares with respect to repayment of capital shall first be paid and satisfied and any assets remaining shall be applied towards the payment and satisfaction of claims in respect of dividends. After payment to the holders of any series of Class A Preferred Shares of the amount so payable, the holders of such series of Class A Preferred Shares shall not be entitled to share in any further distribution of the property or assets of Pembina in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of Pembina.
Holders of any series of Class A Preferred Shares will not be entitled (except as otherwise provided by law and except for meetings of the holders of Class A Preferred Shares or a series thereof) to receive notice of, attend at, or vote at any meeting of shareholders of Pembina, unless the Board shall determine otherwise in the terms of a particular series of Class A Preferred Shares, in which case voting rights shall only be provided in circumstances where Pembina shall have failed to pay a certain number of dividends on such series of Class A Preferred Shares, which determination and number of dividends and any other terms in respect of such voting rights, shall be determined by the Board and set out in the designations, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions of such series of Class A Preferred Shares. Other than as set out below, the material characteristics of each series of Class A Preferred Shares are substantially the same.

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The table below outlines the number of outstanding, and the material provisions of, each of the issued series of Class A Preferred Shares.
Series
Issue Date
Issued and Outstanding
Amount
(C$)

Annual Dividend Rate
Redemption and Conversion Option Date (2)(3)
Reset Spread
Per Share Base Redemption/ Liquidation Value

Right to Convert on a one for one basis (4)
1
July 26, 2013
10,000,000

$250,000,000

$1.22650 (1)
December 1, 2023
2.47% (3)

$25.00

Series 2
3
October 2, 2013
6,000,000

$150,000,000

$1.1750 (1)
March 1, 2019
2.60% (3)

$25.00

Series 4
5
January 16, 2014
10,000,000

$250,000,000

$1.2500 (1)
June 1, 2019
3.00% (3)

$25.00

Series 6
7
September 11, 2014
10,000,000

$250,000,000

$1.1250 (1)
December 1, 2019
2.94% (3)

$25.00

Series 8
9
April 10, 2015
9,000,000

$225,000,000

$1.1875 (1)
December 1, 2020
3.91% (3)

$25.00

Series 10
11
January 15, 2016
6,800,000

$170,000,000

$1.4375 (1)
March 1, 2021
5.00% (5)

$25.00

Series 12
13
April 27, 2016
10,000,000

$250,000,000

$1.4375 (1)
June 1, 2021
4.96%  (5)

$25.00

Series 14
15
October 2, 2017 (6)
8,000,000

$200,000,000

$1.1160 (7)
September 30, 2022
2.92% (3)

$25.00

Series 16
17
October 2, 2017 (6)
6,000,000

$150,000,000

$1.2500 (7)
March 31, 2019
3.01% (3)

$25.00

Series 18
19
October 2, 2017 (6)
8,000,000

$200,000,000

$1.2500 (7)
June 30, 2020
4.27% (3)

$25.00

Series 20
21
December 7, 2017
16,000,000

$400,000,000

$1.2250 (1)
March 1, 2023
3.26% (8)

$25.00

Series 22
Notes:
(1)  
The holder is entitled to receive a fixed, cumulative preferential dividend per year payable quarterly on the 1st day of March, June, September and December, as declared by the Board of Directors.
(2)  
The Company may, at its option, redeem all or a portion of an outstanding series of Class A Preferred Shares on the Redemption Option Date and every fifth year thereafter for the Base Redemption Value per share plus all accrued and unpaid dividends.
(3)  
The dividend rate will reset on the Redemption and Conversion Option Date and every five years thereafter at a rate equal to the sum of the then five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus the applicable Reset Spread noted above.
(4)  
A holder has the right, subject to certain conditions, to convert their Class A Preferred Shares into cumulative redeemable Class A Preferred Shares of a specified series on the Conversion Option Date and every fifth anniversary thereafter. The even numbered series of Class A Preferred Shares carry the right to receive floating, cumulative preferential dividends at a rate, reset quarterly, equal to the sum of the then 90 day Government of Canada treasury bill rate plus the applicable reset spread.
(5)  
The dividend rate will reset on the Redemption and Conversion Option Date and every five years thereafter at a rate equal to the sum of the then five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus the applicable Reset Spread noted above, provided that in any event, the rate for the Series 11 and Series 13 Class A Preferred Shares shall not be less than 5.75 percent.
(6)  
Effective October 2, 2017 and pursuant to the Veresen Acquisition, all of the outstanding Veresen Series A, C and E Preferred Shares were exchanged for Series 15, 17 and 19 Class A Preferred Shares, respectively.
(7)  
The holder is entitled to receive a fixed, cumulative preferential dividend per year payable quarterly on the last day of March, June, September and December, as declared by the Board of Directors.
(8)  
The dividend rate will reset on the Redemption and Conversion Option Date and every five years thereafter at a rate equal to the sum of the then five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus the applicable Reset Spread noted above, provided that in any event, the rate for the Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares shall not be less than 4.90 percent.

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Class B Preferred Shares
The Class B Preferred Shares were not intended to and will not be used by the Company for anti-takeover purposes without Shareholder approval. If at any time a holder of Class B Preferred Shares ceases to be, or is not, a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Pembina, Pembina, with or without knowledge of such event, shall be deemed, without further action or notice, to have automatically redeemed all of the Class B Preferred Shares held by such holder in exchange for the redemption amount as set out in Pembina's articles per share together with all declared but unpaid dividends thereon (the " Redemption Amount ").
Holders of Class B Preferred Shares are not entitled to receive notice of, to attend or to vote at any meeting of the Shareholders, except as required by law. The Class B Preferred Shares are retractable and redeemable at the option of the holder thereof and Pembina, respectively.
The holders of Class B Preferred Shares shall be entitled to receive, if and when declared by the Board of Directors, preferential non-cumulative dividends and upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of Pembina, the holders of Class B Preferred Shares shall be entitled to receive for each such share, in priority to the holders of Common Shares, the Redemption Amount.
All of the issued Class B Preferred Shares of Pembina were cancelled pursuant to the amalgamation between Pembina and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Alberta Oil Sands Pipeline Ltd., on October 1, 2015. There are currently no Class B Preferred Shares outstanding.
Premium Dividend™ and Dividend Reinvestment Plan
Effective January 6, 2016, Pembina amended and restated its DRIP and all associated agreements. Pursuant to the amended and restated DRIP, eligible Shareholders had the opportunity to receive, by reinvesting the cash dividends declared payable by Pembina on their Common Shares, either (i) additional Common Shares at a discount of up to five percent to the Average Market Price (as defined in the DRIP), pursuant to the "Dividend Reinvestment Component" of the DRIP, or (ii) a premium cash payment (the " Premium Dividend™ ") equal to 101 percent of the amount of reinvested dividends, pursuant to the "Premium Dividend™ Component" of the DRIP.
On March 7, 2017, Pembina announced that its Board of Directors suspended the DRIP, effective April 25, 2017.
Credit Facilities
Pembina's credit facilities as at December 31, 2018 consisted of an unsecured $2.5 billion revolving credit facility due May 31, 2023, which includes a $750 million accordion feature (the " Revolving Credit Facility ") and an unsecured operating facility of $20 million due May 31, 2019 (the " Operating Credit Facility ", and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the " Credit Facilities "). Borrowings on the Credit Facilities bear interest at prime lending rates plus nil to 1.25 percent or Bankers' Acceptances rates plus 1.00 percent to 2.25 percent. Margins on the Credit Facilities are based on the credit rating of Pembina's senior unsecured debt. There are no repayments due over the term of the Credit Facilities. Pembina also has a $1 billion Term Loan for an initial three-year term that is pre-payable at the company’s option. The other terms and conditions of the Term Loan, including financial covenants, are substantially similar to the Revolving Credit Facility. As at December 31, 2018, Pembina had $1.3 billion drawn on bank debt and $156 million in cash, leaving $2.4 billion of cash and unutilized debt facilities. Pembina also had an additional $69 million in letters of credit issued on separate demand letter credit facilities.
Medium Term Notes
Subject to certain conditions, as noted below, Pembina may redeem each series of Pembina Medium Term Notes, either in whole, or in part, upon not less than 30 and not more than 60 days prior notice, at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price (as defined below), plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption. In respect of the Pembina Medium Term Notes, " Canada Yield Price " means, in effect, a price equal to the price of a specific series of Pembina Medium Term Notes, as applicable, calculated in accordance with generally accepted financial practice in Canada to provide a yield to maturity equal to the Government of Canada Yield (as defined below) plus the Redemption Premium set forth in the table below. In respect of the Pembina Medium Term Notes, " Government of Canada Yield " means, on any date, in effect, the yield to maturity on such date compounded semi-annually which a non-callable Government of Canada bond would carry if issued, in Canadian dollars in Canada, at 100 percent of its principal amount on such date with a term to maturity equal to the remaining term to maturity of the specified series of Pembina Medium Term Notes, as applicable. The

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Government of Canada Yield will be the average of the yields determined by two major Canadian investment dealers selected by Pembina. In certain circumstances following a Change of Control (as such term is defined in the Pembina Note Indenture) and a resulting downgrade in the ratings of the Pembina Medium Term Notes to below an investment grade, Pembina will be required to make an offer to repurchase all or, at the option of any holder of Pembina Medium Term Notes, any part, at a purchase price payable in cash equal to 101 percent of the aggregate outstanding principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase. After certain dates (as set forth below), the Medium Term Notes, Series 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11 may be redeemed at a price equal to par, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.
Subject to certain conditions, as noted below, Pembina may redeem each series of Veresen Medium Term Notes, either in whole, or in part, upon not less than 30 and not more than 60 days prior notice, at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price (as defined below), plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption. In respect of the Veresen Medium Term Notes, " Canada Yield Price " means, in effect, a price equal to the price of a specific series of Veresen Medium Term Notes, as applicable, calculated in accordance with generally accepted financial practice in Canada to provide a yield to maturity equal to the Government of Canada Yield (as defined below) plus the Redemption Premium set forth in the table below. In respect of the Veresen Medium Term Notes, " Government of Canada Yield " means, on any date, in effect, the yield to maturity on such date compounded semi-annually which a non-callable Government of Canada bond would carry if issued, in Canadian dollars in Canada, at 100 percent of its principal amount on such date with a term to maturity equal to the remaining term to maturity of the specified series of Veresen Medium Term Notes, as applicable. The Government of Canada Yield will be the average of the yields determined by two major Canadian investment dealers selected by Pembina. In certain circumstances following a Change of Control (as defined in the Veresen Medium Term Note Indenture) and a resulting downgrade in the ratings of the Veresen Medium Term Notes to below an investment grade, Pembina will be required to make an offer to repurchase all or, at the option of any holder of Veresen Medium Term Notes, any part, at a purchase price payable in cash equal to 101 percent of the aggregate outstanding principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase. After certain dates (as set forth below), the Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 5 may be redeemed at a price equal to par, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.

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The table below outlines the aggregate principal amount outstanding, and the material provisions of, each of our issued series of Medium Term Notes.
Series
Issue Date
Maturity Date
Principal and Outstanding Amount (C$)

Annual Coupon Rate

Redemption Premium (per annum)

1 (1)
March 29, 2011
March 29, 2021

$250,000,000

4.89
%
0.395
%
2 (1)
October 22, 2012
October 24, 2022

$450,000,000

3.77
%
0.460
%
3 (2)
April 30, 2013
April 30, 2043

$200,000,000

4.75
%
0.585
%
February 2, 2015 (3)

$150,000,000

June 16, 2015 (3)

$100,000,000

4 (4)
April 4, 2014
March 25, 2044

$600,000,000

4.81
%
0.450
%
5 (5)
February 2, 2015
February 3, 2025

$450,000,000

3.54
%
0.540
%
6 (6)
June 16, 2015
June 15, 2027

$500,000,000

4.24
%
0.560
%
7 (7)
August 11, 2016
August 11, 2026

$500,000,000

3.71
%
0.655
%
8 (8)
January 20, 2017
January 22, 2024

$300,000,000

2.99
%
0.385
%
August 16, 2017

$350,000,000

9 (9)
January 20, 2017
January 21, 2047

$300,000,000

4.74
%
0.610
%
August 16, 2017

$250,000,000

10 (10)
March 26, 2018
March 27, 2028

$400,000,000

4.02
%
0.450
%
11 (11)
March 26, 2018
March 26, 2048

$300,000,000

4.75
%
0.605
%
Veresen 1 (12),(16)
November 22, 2011
November 22, 2018

$150,000,000

4.00
%
0.575
%
Veresen 3 (13)
March 14, 2012
March 14, 2022

$50,000,000

5.05
%
0.750
%
Veresen 4 (14)
June 13, 2014
June 13, 2019

$200,000,000

3.06
%
0.355
%
Veresen 5 (15)
November 10, 2016
November 10, 2021

$350,000,000

3.43
%
0.675
%
Notes:
(1)  
Pembina may redeem the Medium Term Notes, Series 1 and Medium Term Notes, Series 2 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price, plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.
(2)  
Pembina may redeem the Medium Term Notes, Series 3, (a) at any time prior to October 30, 2042 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price, and (b) at any time on or after October 30, 2042 at a price equal to par, plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.
(3)  
On February 2, 2015 and June 16, 2015, Pembina re-opened its Medium Term Notes, Series 3 for $150 million and $100 million aggregate principal amounts, respectively.
(4)  
Pembina may redeem the Medium Term Notes, Series 4, (a) at any time prior to September 25, 2043 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price, and (b) at any time on or after September 25, 2043 at a price equal to par, plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.
(5)  
Pembina may redeem the Medium Term Notes, Series 5, (a) at any time prior to November 3, 2024 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price, and (b) at any time on or after November 3, 2024 at a price equal to par, plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.

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(6)  
Pembina may redeem the Medium Term Notes, Series 6, (a) at any time prior to March 15, 2027 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price and (b) at any time on or after March 15, 2027 at a price equal to par, plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.
(7)  
Pembina may redeem the Medium Term Notes, Series 7, (a) at any time prior to May 11, 2026 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price and (b) at any time on or after May 11, 2026 at a price equal to par, plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.
(8)  
Pembina may redeem the Medium Term Notes, Series 8, (a) at any time prior to November 22, 2023 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price and (b) at any time on or after November 22, 2023 at a price equal to par, plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.
(9)  
Pembina may redeem the Medium Term Notes, Series 9, (a) at any time prior to July 21, 2046 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price and (b) at any time on or after July 21, 2046 at a price equal to par, plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.
(10) Pembina may redeem the Medium Term Notes, Series 10, (a) at any time prior to December 27, 2027 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price and (b) at any time on or after December 27, 2027 at a price equal to par, plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.
(11) Pembina may redeem the Medium Term Notes, Series 11, (a) at any time prior to September 26, 2047 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price and (b) at any time on or after September 26, 2047 at a price equal to par, plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the date of redemption.
(12)  
Pembina may redeem the Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 1, at any time prior to the maturity date at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption.
(13)  
Pembina may redeem the Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 3, at any time prior to the maturity date at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption.
(14)  
Pembina may redeem the Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 4, at any time prior to the maturity date at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption.
(15)  
Pembina may redeem the Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 5, (a) at any time prior to October 10, 2021 at a price equal to the greater of (i) par and (ii) the Canada Yield Price, and (b) at any time on or after October 10, 2021 at a price equal to par plus, in either case, accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding, the date of redemption.
(16)  
On November 22, 2018, the Veresen Medium Term Notes, Series 1 matured and were fully repaid.
Other Debt
Other debt at December 31, 2018 included $267 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes of Pembina issued November 18, 2009 and due November 18, 2019 and which bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.91 percent per annum (the " Series D Senior Notes "), $200 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes of Pembina issued September 30, 2006 and due September 30, 2021 and which bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.58 percent per annum (the " Series C Senior Notes ") and $73 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes of Pembina issued April 4, 2018 and due May 4, 2020 and which bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.565 percent per annum (the " Series A Senior Notes "). The Series A, C and D Senior Notes are subject to the maintenance of certain financial ratios.
Credit Ratings
The following information with respect to Pembina's credit ratings is provided as it relates to Pembina's financing costs and liquidity. Specifically, credit ratings affect Pembina's ability to obtain short-term and long-term financing and impact the cost of such financing. A reduction in the current ratings on Pembina's debt by its rating agencies, particularly a downgrade below investment grade ratings, could adversely affect Pembina's cost of financing and its access to sources of liquidity and capital. In addition, changes in credit ratings may affect Pembina's ability to enter into, and the associated costs of entering into, normal course derivative or hedging transactions. Credit ratings are intended to provide investors with an independent measure of credit quality of any issues of debt securities. The credit ratings assigned by the rating agencies are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell the securities nor do the ratings comment on market price or suitability for a particular investor. Any rating may not remain in effect for a given period of time or may be revised or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency in the future if in its judgement circumstances so warrant.

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Pembina has paid each of S&P and DBRS their customary fees in connection with the provision of the below ratings. Pembina has not made any payments to S&P or DBRS over the past two years for services unrelated to the provision of such ratings.
DBRS Limited
DBRS has assigned a debt rating of 'BBB' to each issued senior unsecured note.
The BBB rating is the fourth highest of DBRS's ten rating categories for long-term debt, which range from AAA to D. DBRS uses "high" and "low" designations on ratings from AA to C to indicate the relative standing of securities being rated within a particular rating category. The absence of a "high" or "low" designation indicates that a rating is in the middle of the category. The BBB rating indicates that, in DBRS's view, the rated securities are of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable; however, the issuer may be vulnerable to future events.
Each issued series of Class A Preferred Shares has been rated 'Pfd-3' by DBRS. The Pfd-3 rating is the third highest of six rating categories for preferred shares, which range from a high of Pfd-1 to a low of D. "High" or "low" grades are used to indicate the relative standing within a rating category. The absence of either a "high" or "low" designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. According to the DBRS rating system, preferred shares rated Pfd-3 are of adequate credit quality. While protection of dividends and principal is still considered acceptable, the issuing entity is more susceptible to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions, and there may be other adverse conditions present which detract from debt protection.
When a significant event occurs that directly impacts the credit quality of a particular entity or group of entities, DBRS will attempt to provide an immediate rating opinion. However, if there is uncertainty regarding the outcome of the event, and DBRS is unable to provide an objective, forward-looking opinion in a timely fashion, then the ratings of the issuer will be placed "Under Review."
S&P
S&P has a long-term corporate credit rating on Pembina of 'BBB'. S&P also has assigned a rating of 'BBB' to each issued senior unsecured note.
The BBB rating is the fourth highest rating, of S&P's ten rating categories for long-term debt which range from 'AAA' to 'D'. The ratings from 'AA' to 'CCC' may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (–) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories. Issues of debt securities rated BBB are judged by S&P to exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Each issued series of Class A Preferred Shares has been rated 'P-3 (High)' by S&P. S&P's ratings for preferred shares range from a high of 'P-1' to a low of 'P-5'. "High" or "low" grades are used to indicate the relative standing within a rating category. According to the S&P rating system, securities rated P-3 are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. While such securities will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions. An obligation rated P-3 (High) is less vulnerable to non-payment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
These securities ratings are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell the securities in as much as such ratings do not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. There is no assurance that any rating will remain in effect for any given period of time or that any rating will not be revised or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency in the future if, in its judgment, circumstances so warrant.
See " Risk Factors – General Risk Factors – Credit Ratings ."
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Cash Dividends
The declaration and payment of any dividend by Pembina is at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on numerous factors, including compliance with applicable laws and the financial performance, debt obligations, working capital

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requirements and future capital requirements of Pembina and its subsidiaries. See " Risk Factors ." The agreements governing Pembina's Credit Facilities provide that if an event of default has occurred under the Credit Facilities, the indebtedness may be accelerated by the lenders, and the ability to pay dividends thereupon ceases. Pembina is restricted from making distributions (including the declaration of dividends) if it is in default under its Credit Facilities (or a default would be expected to occur as a result of such distribution) or if its borrowings exceed its borrowing base threshold.
Common Shares
Pembina pays cash dividends on its Common Shares on a monthly basis to shareholders of record on the 25 th calendar day of each month (except for the December record date, which is December 31st), if, as and when determined by the Board of Directors. Should the record date fall on a weekend or a statutory holiday, the effective record date will be the previous business day. The dividend payment date is the 15th of the month following the record date. Should the payment date fall on a weekend or on a holiday, the business day prior to the weekend or holiday becomes the payment date. The following table sets forth the amount of monthly cash dividends paid by Pembina on its Common Shares in 2016, 2017, 2018 and to date in 2019.
Cash Dividends Per Common Share
Month of Payment Date
2016
2017
2018
2019
January
$0.1525
$0.16
$0.18
$0.19
February
$0.1525
$0.16
$0.18
$0.19 (5)
March
$0.1525
$0.16
$0.18
 
April
$0.1525
$0.16 (2)
$0.18
 
May
$0.16 (1)
$0.17
$0.18 (4)
 
June
$0.16
$0.17
$0.19
 
July
$0.16
$0.17
$0.19
 
August
$0.16
$0.17
$0.19
 
September
$0.16
$0.17
$0.19
 
October
$0.16
$0.17 (3)
$0.19
 
November
$0.16
$0.18
$0.19
 
December
$0.16
$0.18
$0.19
 
Total
$1.89
$2.03
$2.23
$0.38
Notes:
(1)  
On May 5, 2016, Pembina announced an increase to its monthly dividend from $0.1525 to $0.16.
(2)  
On April 3, 2017, Pembina announced an increase to its monthly dividend from $0.16 to $0.17.
(3)  
On October 2, 2017, Pembina announced an increase to its monthly dividend from $0.17 to $0.18.
(4)  
On May 3, 2018, Pembina announced an increase to its monthly dividend from $0.18 to $0.19
(5)  
On February 6, 2019, Pembina announced that the Board of Directors had declared a dividend of $0.19 per Common Share to be paid, subject to applicable law, on March 15, 2019 to holders of Common Shares of record on February 25, 2019.
Class A Preferred Shares
Dividends on each issued series of Class A Preferred Shares (excluding the Series 15, 17 and 19 Class A Preferred Shares) are payable on the first day of March, June, September and December of each year, if, as and when declared by the Board. Dividends on the Series 15, 17 and 19 Class A Preferred Shares are payable on the last day of March, June, September and December of each year, if, as and when declared by the Board. Additional information regarding dividends payable on the Class A Preferred Shares can be found under the heading " Description of the Capital Structure of Pembina – Class A Preferred Shares " herein.
The following table sets forth the amount of monthly cash dividends paid by Pembina on its Class A Preferred Shares in 2016, 2017, 2018 and to date in 2019.

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Cash Dividends Per Class A Preferred Share
Quarterly Payment Date (1)
Series
1
Series
3
Series
5
Series
7
Series
9
Series 11 (2)
Series 13 (3)
Series
15 (4)
Series
17 (5)
Series
19 (6)
Series 21 (7)
Total
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mar
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.181200
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$1.631200
June
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$1.809375
Sept
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.500200
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$2.309546
Dec
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.359375
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$2.168750
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mar
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.359375
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$2.168750
June
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.359375
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$2.168750
Sept
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.359375
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$2.168750
Dec
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.359375
$0.279000
$0.312500
$0.312500
N/A
$3.072750
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mar
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.359375
$0.279000
$0.312500
$0.312500
$0.281900
$3.354650
June
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.359375
$0.279000
$0.312500
$0.312500
$0.306250
$3.379000
Sept
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.359375
$0.279000
$0.312500
$0.312500
$0.306250
$3.379000
Dec
$0.265625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.359375
$0.279000
$0.312500
$0.312500
$0.306250
$3.379000
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mar (8)
$0.306625
$0.293750
$0.312500
$0.281250
$0.296875
$0.359375
$0.359375
$0.279000
$0.312500
$0.312500
$0.306250
$3.420000
Notes:
(1)  
A holder of Series 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 21 Class A Preferred Shares is entitled to receive a fixed, cumulative preferential dividend payable quarterly on the first day of March, June, September and December, as declared by the Board of Directors. A holder of Series 15, 17 and 19 Class A Preferred Shares is entitled to receive a fixed, cumulative preferential dividend payable quarterly on the last day of March, June, September and December, as declared by the Board of Directors.
(2)  
The initial dividend on the Series 11 Class A Preferred Shares was paid on March 1, 2016 for the period commencing on the date of issuance (January 15, 2016) up to but excluding March 1, 2016.
(3)  
The initial dividend on the Series 13 Class A Preferred Shares was paid on September 1, 2016 for the period commencing on the date of issuance (April 27, 2016) up to but excluding September 1, 2016.
(4)
The initial dividend on the Series 15 Class A Preferred Shares was paid on December 31, 2017 for the period commencing on the date of issuance (October 2, 2017) up to but excluding December 31, 2017. Prior to the completion of the Veresen Acquisition, the holders of Veresen Series A Preferred Shares were paid a quarterly dividend of $0.275000 by Veresen for each Veresen Series A Preferred Share held.
(5)  
The initial dividend on the Series 17 Class A Preferred Shares was paid on December 31, 2017 for the period commencing on the date of issuance (October 2, 2017) up to but excluding December 31, 2017. Prior to the completion of the Veresen Acquisition, the holders of Veresen Series C Preferred Shares were paid a quarterly dividend of $0.312500 by Veresen for each Veresen Series C Preferred Share held.
(6)  
The initial dividend on the Series 19 Class A Preferred Shares was paid on December 31, 2017, 2017 for the period commencing on the date of issuance (October 2, 2017) up to but excluding December 31, 2017. Prior to the completion of the Veresen Acquisition, the holders of Veresen Series E Preferred Shares were paid a quarterly dividend of $0.312500 by Veresen for each Veresen Series E Preferred Share held.
(7)  
The initial dividend on the Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares was paid on March 1, 2018 for the period commencing on the date of issuance (December 7, 2017) up to but excluding March 1, 2018.
(8)  
On January 7, 2019, Pembina announced that the Board of Directors had declared a quarterly dividend of $0.306625 per Series 1 Class A Preferred Share, $0.2937500 per Series 3 Class A Preferred Share, $0.312500 per Series 5 Class A Preferred Share, $0.281250 per Series 7 Class A Preferred Share, $0.296875 per Series 9 Class A Preferred Share, $0.359375 per Series 11 Class A Preferred Share, $0.359375 per Series 13 Class A Preferred Share and $0.306250 per Series 21 Class A Preferred Share to be paid, subject to applicable law, on March 1, 2019 to holders of record on February 1, 2019. On January 7, 2019, Pembina announced that the Board of Directors had declared a quarterly dividend of $0.279000 per Series 15 Class A Preferred Share, $0.312500 per Series

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17 Class A Preferred Share and $0.312500 per Series 19 Class A Preferred Share to be paid, subject to applicable law, on April 1, 2019 to holders of record on March 15, 2019.
MARKET FOR SECURITIES
Trading Price and Volume
The Common Shares are listed and traded on the TSX under the symbol "PPL." The Common Shares are also listed on the NYSE under the trading symbol "PBA." The following table sets forth the price ranges for and trading volumes of the Common Shares on the TSX for 2018, as reported by the TSX, and on the NYSE for 2018, as reported by NYSE.
 
TSX (PPL)
NYSE (PBA)
Month
High ($)
Low ($)
Close ($)
Volume
High (US$)
Low (US$)
Close (US$)
Volume
January
42.03
41.17
41.93
23,346,068
36.99
33.50
34.11
10,294,513
February
43.96
38.10
41.26
25,886,490
34.11
30.17
32.13
12,059,104
March
41.76
39.46
40.20
23,372,056
32.58
30.42
31.23
13,218,589
April
42.76
37.60
40.89
25,196,373
33.84
29.28
31.86
13,060,562
May
45.37
40.77
45.10
30,011,786
35.19
31.59
34.77
12,447,732
June
46.75
43.83
45.53
24,700,307
35.24
33.97
34.60
13,028,031
July
47.02
45.18
46.80
21,610,830
36.13
34.42
35.87
9,308,687
August
47.84
44.35
44.51
21,395,136
36.84
33.98
34.12
8,571,405
September
44.92
42.67
43.89
24,803,842
34.68
32.47
34.14
8,268,989
October
45.54
42.24
42.58
35,977,379
35.50
32.13
32.32
12,223,081
November
46.24
42.27
44.80
29,475,015
35.35
32.33
33.67
12,123,833
December
45.42
39.15
40.51
28,744,059
34.38
28.30
29.67
12,573,816
The Series F Convertible Debentures were listed and traded on the TSX under the symbol "PPL.DB.F." The Series F Convertible Debentures matured on December 31, 2018. The following table sets forth the price range for and trading volume of the Series F Convertible Debentures on the TSX for 2018, as reported by the TSX.
Month
High ($)
Low ($)
Close ($)
Volume
January
155.00
140.11
140.20
2,280
February
144.95
134.50
144.44
1,070
March
139.66
135.00
135.03
2,280
April
141.31
129.50
140.16
2,970
May
153.75
138.39
153.75
12,230
June
156.00
148.51
155.00
22,730
July
159.50
152.88
159.50
12,660
August
160.09
152.00
152.25
2,270
September
150.64
145.70
150.31
1,670
October
153.12
142.50
143.82
4,710
November
155.00
145.85
150.53
5,270
December
153.00
124.59
124.59
58,600
The Series 1 Class A Preferred Shares, Series 3 Class A Preferred Shares, Series 5 Class A Preferred Shares, Series 7 Class A Preferred Shares, Series 9 Class A Preferred Shares, Series 11 Class A Preferred Shares, Series 13 Class A Preferred Shares, Series 15 Class A Preferred Shares, Series 17 Class A Preferred Shares, Series 19 Class A Preferred Shares and Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares are listed and traded on the TSX under the symbols "PPL.PR.A", "PPL.PR.C", "PPL.PR.E", "PPL.PR.G", "PPL.PR.I", "PPL.PR.K", "PPL.PR.M", "PPL.PR.O", "PPL.PR.Q", "PPL.PR.S" and "PPL.PF.A", respectively. The following tables set forth the price range for and trading volume of the Series 1, Series 3, Series 5, Series 7, Series 9, Series 11, Series 13, Series 15, Series 17, Series 19 and Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares on the TSX for 2018, all as reported by the TSX.

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Series 1 (PPL.PR.A)
Series 3 (PPL.PR.C)
Series 5 (PPL.PR.E)
Month

High ($)
Low ($)
Close ($)
Volume

High ($)
Low ($)
Close ($)
Volume

High ($)
Low ($)
Close ($)
Volume

January
23.25
21.65
23.13
298,738
23.85
22.41
23.63
310,923
25.00
24.25
24.64
116,778
February
23.33
22.02
22.70
128,969
23.72
22.65
23.17
38,848
24.72
23.90
24.40
178,132
March
23.04
22.35
22.71
88,770
23.36
22.73
22.84
123,383
24.65
24.00
24.17
245,182
April
22.58
21.55
21.59
150,464
22.84
21.79
21.85
48,803
24.18
23.31
23.50
176,735
May
22.49
21.49
22.11
167,638
22.89
21.83
22.53
47,068
24.56
23.49
24.21
114,204
June
22.18
21.20
21.38
51,688
22.79
20.54
22.05
81,800
24.37
23.96
24.23
97,470
July
22.70
21.36
22.05
49,066
22.99
21.99
22.74
27,899
25.00
24.23
24.67
202,718
August
22.59
21.80
22.44
240,677
23.04
22.32
23.03
147,526
24.94
24.42
24.79
166,444
September
22.65
21.79
21.92
48,345
23.10
22.20
22.33
75,080
24.92
24.27
24.39
104,053
October
22.48
20.27
21.15
420,914
22.93
20.69
21.60
152,960
24.79
22.47
23.46
134,018
November
21.30
18.10
18.60
263,066
22.00
18.50
18.56
123,294
23.61
23.61
20.45
144,883
December
18.93
17.16
18.10
351,724
18.86
16.92
18.25
194,154
21.29
21.29
19.13
220,722
 
Series 7 (PPL.PR.G)
Series 9 (PPL.PR.I)
Series 11 (PPL.PR.K)
Month

High ($)
Low ($)
Close ($)
Volume

High ($)
Low
($)
Close ($)
Volume

High ($)
Low ($)
Close ($)
Volume

January
24.69
23.57
24.38
78,199
25.79
25.15
25.45
149,426
26.66
26.16
26.16
127,799
February
24.66
22.84
24.01
49,056
25.58
24.75
25.16
121,458
26.30
25.98
26.14
151,944
March
24.46
23.70
23.80
61,979
25.28
24.84
25.15
342,592
26.49
26.05
26.21
126,884
April
23.89
22.89
23.22
174,643
25.33
24.91
25.06
151,896
26.42
26.04
26.20
69,091
May
24.00
23.13
23.65
129,683
25.54
24.90
25.01
30,390
26.59
25.80
25.99
188,248
June
23.77
23.31
23.74
64,606
25.22
24.95
25.20
23,500
26.20
25.92
25.98
51,104
July
24.40
23.45
24.10
68,068
25.37
25.02
25.19
30,688
26.41
26.05
26.08
30,235
August
24.58
23.85
24.22
72,134
25.47
25.01
25.36
161,710
26.35
25.87
26.00
27,883
September
24.51
21.96
23.95
37,911
25.38
25.00
25.24
274,771
26.14
25.88
26.00
177,132
October
24.25
21.73
23.54
180,086
25.45
23.85
24.80
179,934
26.09
25.25
25.54
235,175
November
23.13
19.81
20.02
84,084
24.80
22.11
22.90
70,414
25.90
25.08
25.38
227,966
December
20.22
18.26
19.37
161,603
23.04
20.56
22.28
102,169
25.88
25.11
25.42
84,945
 
Series 13 (PPL.PR.M)
Series 15 (PPL.PR.O)
Series 17 (PPL.PR.Q)
Month

High ($)
Low ($)
Close ($)
Volume

High ($)
Low
($)
Close ($)
Volume

High ($)
Low ($)
Close ($)
Volume

January
26.70
26.10
26.30
146,080
24.49
23.48
24.42
87,960
24.99
24.00
24.75
117,814
February
26.35
25.98
26.30
67,585
24.49
23.55
23.98
46,838
24.99
24.28
24.65
34,871
March
26.75
26.15
26.23
161,840
24.01
23.55
23.72
213,852
24.65
24.09
24.12
60,397
April
26.50
25.85
25.85
59,908
23.81
22.99
23.02
79,460
24.09
23.42
23.50
195,614
May
26.40
25.87
26.07
68,409
23.74
22.96
23.30
132,062
24.44
23.50
23.85
97,007
June
26.33
26.00
26.30
325,862
23.48
22.91
23.33
291,429
24.12
23.76
23.85
175,224
July
26.43
26.12
26.18
146,344
23.69
23.18
23.58
149,706
24.68
23.75
24.49
33,502
August
26.33
25.87
26.07
55,325
24.23
23.42
24.23
88,382
24.79
24.43
24.75
128,916
September
26.23
25.91
26.08
68,873
24.19
23.20
23.73
81,794
24.80
24.07
24.40
77,460
October
26.20
25.26
25.40
191,277
23.96
21.82
22.59
160,876
24.70
22.52
23.36
43,781
November
25.90
25.00
25.30
131,065
22.83
19.57
19.62
134,728
23.60
20.79
21.11
121,249
December
25.54
24.85
25.27
167,406
20.05
18.08
19.16
140,341
21.19
18.99
20.75
62,735

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Series 19 (PPL.PR.S)
Series 21 (PPL.PF.A)
Month

High ($)
Low ($)
Close ($)
Volume

High ($)
Low
($)
Close ($)
Volume

January
25.79
25.20
25.72
149,138
25.75
25.11
25.38
1,870,767
February
25.89
25.16
25.44
98,785
25.40
24.40
25.34
402,928
March
25.78
25.18
25.41
98,113
25.55
24.83
25.18
469,711
April
25.37
25.01
25.15
70,422
25.32
24.75
25.01
390,038
May
25.68
25.16
25.30
53,577
25.54
24.91
25.00
295,377
June
25.55
25.11
25.42
41,590
25.27
24.85
25.14
247,873
July
25.50
25.14
25.45
331,125
25.54
25.00
25.16
114,146
August
25.62
25.20
25.62
147,519
25.60
25.10
25.50
302,259
September
25.59
25.00
25.28
85,697
25.64
25.03
25.44
196,431
October
25.57
24.26
25.08
186,093
25.56
22.91
23.82
282,109
November
25.29
23.85
24.40
102,387
24.25
22.20
22.70
187,641
December
24.50
22.41
23.38
119,024
23.23
21.46
22.79
324,816

Prior Sales
In 2018, options to purchase Common Shares were issued to employees pursuant to Pembina's Option Plan. For a discussion of options issued and the terms thereof, refer to Note 23 to Pembina's Financial Statements, the portions of which are found under the headings "Disclosure of share option plan" and "Share options granted" are incorporated by reference herein.
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Directors of Pembina
The following table sets out the name and residence for each director of Pembina as of the date of this Annual Information Form, the date on which they were appointed as a director of Pembina and their principal occupations during the past five years.
Name and Residence

Date Appointed

Principal Occupation
During the Past Five Years

Anne-Marie N. Ainsworth (4)
Houston, Texas, U.S.
October 7, 2014

Independent businesswoman since March 2014; prior thereto, President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors of the general partner of Oiltanking Partners, L.P. (a master limited partnership engaged in independent storage and transportation of crude oil, refined petroleum products and liquefied petroleum gas) and President and Chief Executive Officer of Oiltanking Holding Americas, Inc. from November 2012 to March 2014; prior thereto, Senior Vice President of Refining of Sunoco Inc. from November 2009 to March 2012. Currently a member of the board of directors of Archrock, Inc., Kirby Corporation and HollyFrontier Corporation.

Michael H. Dilger
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
January 1, 2014
President and Chief Executive Officer of Pembina since January 1, 2014; prior thereto, President and Chief Operating Officer of Pembina from February 2012 until December 31, 2013; prior thereto, Vice President, Chief Operating Officer of Pembina from November 2008 to February 2012.

Randall J. Findlay (1)(5)(6)(7)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
March 8, 2007
Corporate director since 2006; prior thereto, President of Provident Energy Trust from 2001 to 2006. Currently a member of the board of directors of Superior Plus Corp.


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Name and Residence

Date Appointed

Principal Occupation
During the Past Five Years

Maureen E. Howe (2)(5)(11)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
October 2, 2017
Independent businesswoman since 2008; prior thereto, a Research Analyst and Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets from 1996 to 2008. Currently a member of the board of directors and the Chair of the Audit Committee of TimberWest Forest Corp. and a member of the board of directors of Methanex Corporation.

Gordon J. Kerr (2)(3)(9)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
January 15, 2015
Independent businessman since 2013; prior thereto, President and Chief Executive Officer and director of Enerplus Corporation (a North American energy producer) from May 2001 until July 2013.

David M.B. LeGresley (2)(3)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

August 16, 2010
Independent businessman since September 2008; prior thereto, Vice Chairman of National Bank Financial from 2006 to 2008. Currently a member and Chair of the board of directors of Equitable Group Inc.

Robert B. Michaleski (4)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

January 4, 2000
Corporate director since January 1, 2014; prior thereto, Chief Executive Officer of Pembina from January 2000 until December 31, 2013; until February 15, 2012, he also served as President. Currently a member of the board of directors of Essential Energy Services Ltd. and Vermilion Energy Inc.

Leslie A. O'Donoghue (3)(5)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

December 17, 2008
Executive Vice President, Chief Strategy and Corporate Development Officer of Nutrien Ltd. since January 1, 2018; prior thereto, Executive Vice President, Corporate Development and Strategy and Chief Risk Officer of Nutrien Ltd. (formerly Agrium Inc.) (a retail supplier of agricultural products and services and a producer and marketer of agricultural nutrients and industrial products) since October 30, 2012; prior thereto, Executive Vice President, Operations of Agrium Inc. from April 30, 2011 to October 30, 2012; prior thereto, Chief Legal Officer and Senior Vice President, Business Development of Agrium Inc.

Bruce D. Rubin (2)(10)
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, U.S.
May 5, 2017
Independent businessman since 2014; Operating Advisor for The Carlyle Group from 2015 to 2017; prior thereto, Advisor for Braskem America Inc. from 2014 to 2017; Executive Advisor for Court Square Partners from 2013 to 2015; prior thereto, Chief Executive Officer of Braskem America Inc., and executive with Braskem America Inc. from 2010 until 2013; prior thereto, Chief Executive Officer of Sunoco Chemicals Inc. and Senior Vice President of Sunoco Inc. from 2008 until 2010. Currently a member of the board of directors of DISA Global Solutions (a Court Square Capital Partners company) and the M. Holland Company.
Jeffrey T. Smith (4)(5)(8)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
April 2, 2012
Independent businessman. Currently a member of the board of directors of NAL Resources Limited (an oil and gas company).

Henry Sykes (2)(3)(11)(12)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
October 2, 2017
Independent businessman since 2014; prior thereto, the President and a director of MGM Energy Corp. from January 2007 to June 2014; President of ConocoPhillips Canada Limited from 2001 to 2006; Executive Vice President, Business Development of Gulf Canada Resources Ltd.

Notes :
(1)  
Chair of the Board.
(2)  
Member of Audit Committee.
(3)  
Member of Human Resources, Health and Compensation Committee.
(4)  
Member of the Safety and Environment Committee.

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(5)  
Member of the Governance, Nominating and Social Responsibility Committee.
(6)  
Mr. Findlay was a director of Wellpoint Systems Inc. (a TSX Venture Exchange listed company) from June 2008 until January 31, 2011. Wellpoint Systems Inc., a company supplying software to the energy industry in Canada, the U.S. and internationally, was placed into receivership by two of its lenders on January 31, 2011.
(7)  
Mr. Findlay was a director of Spyglass Resources Corp. (a TSX listed company) from March 2013 until May 13, 2015. Spyglass Resources Corp., an intermediate oil and gas exploration and production company, was placed into receivership by a syndicate of its lenders on November 26, 2015.
(8)
Mr. Smith was a director of Spyglass Resources Corp. (a TSX listed company) from March 2013 until August 11, 2015. Spyglass Resources Corp., an intermediate oil and gas exploration and production company, was placed into receivership by a syndicate of its lenders on November 26, 2015.
(9)  
Mr. Kerr was a director of Laricina Energy Ltd., a private company, until February 5, 2016. Laricina Energy Ltd. was subject to proceedings under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada) in 2015. On February 1, 2016, the proceedings were conditionally discharged.
(10) On May 5, 2017, Pembina announced that Grant Billing did not stand for re-election and Bruce D. Rubin had been appointed to Pembina's Board of Directors.
(11)
Following closing of the Veresen Acquisition, Maureen E. Howe and Henry Sykes were appointed to Pembina’s Board of Directors effective October 2, 2017.
(12)
Mr. Sykes was a director of Parallel Energy Trust (“ Parallel ”) from March 2011 until February 2016. On or about November 9, 2015, Parallel filed an application in the Alberta Court of Queen’s Bench for creditor protection under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada) and voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. In the Chapter 11 proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court approved the sale of the assets of Parallel and the sale closed on January 28, 2016. Further, on March 3, 2016, the Canadian entities of Parallel filed for bankruptcy under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) and a notice to creditors was sent by the trustee on March 4, 2016 .
Shareholders elect the directors of Pembina at each annual meeting of the Shareholders. The directors of Pembina serve until the next annual meeting of the Shareholders or until their successors are duly elected or appointed. All of Pembina's directors are "independent" within the meaning of National Instrument 58–101 – Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices , adopted by the Canadian Securities Administrators, with the exception of Mr. Dilger, who is President and Chief Executive Officer of Pembina. In addition, Pembina has adopted Standards for Director Independence which meet or exceed the requirements set out in National Policy 58–201 – Corporate Governance Guidelines , National Instrument 52–110 – Audit Committees , the SEC rules and regulations, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the NYSE rules.
The Board of Directors has four committees, the Audit Committee, the Safety and Environment Committee, the Human Resources, Health and Compensation Committee, and the Governance, Nominating and Corporate Social Responsibility Committee. Additional information regarding the responsibilities of these committees will be contained in Pembina's management information circular for its 2019 meeting of Shareholders.
Executive Officers of Pembina
The following table sets out the name, residence and office held with Pembina for each executive officer of the Company as at the date of this Annual Information Form, as well as their principal occupations during the past five years.

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Name and Residence

Office with Pembina

Principal Occupation
During the Past Five Years

Michael H. Dilger
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

President and Chief Executive Officer
President and Chief Executive Officer since January 1, 2014; prior thereto, President and Chief Operating Officer of Pembina since February 15, 2012; prior thereto, Vice President, Chief Operating Officer of Pembina since November 2008.
Paul J. Murphy
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Senior Vice President and Corporate Services Officer
Senior Vice President and Corporate Services Officer since January 1, 2018; prior thereto, Senior Vice President, Pipeline and Crude Oil Facilities of Pembina since September 4, 2013; prior thereto, Vice President, Conventional Pipelines of Pembina since February 14, 2011; prior thereto, Vice President, NGL Extraction of Inter Pipeline Fund since July 2004.
Stuart V. Taylor
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Senior Vice President, Marketing and New Ventures and Corporate Development Officer
Senior Vice President, Marketing and New Ventures and Corporate Development Officer since January 1, 2018; prior thereto, Senior Vice President, NGL and Natural Gas Facilities of Pembina since September 4, 2013; prior thereto, Vice President, Gas Services of Pembina since July 1, 2009.
J. Scott Burrows
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since August 1, 2017; prior thereto, Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Pembina since January 1, 2015; prior thereto, Vice President, Capital Markets of Pembina since September 2013; prior thereto, Vice President, Corporate Development and Investor Relations of Pembina since March 2013; prior thereto, Senior Manager, Corporate Development and Planning of Pembina since January 2012.
Harold K. Andersen
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Senior Vice President, External Affairs and Chief Legal Officer
Senior Vice President, External Affairs and Chief Legal Officer since August 1, 2017; prior thereto, Vice President, Legal and General Counsel of Pembina since April 1, 2013; prior thereto, General Counsel of Pembina since December 2011; prior thereto, Partner and Associate at Stikeman Elliott LLP (a law firm) from June 2000 to December 2011.
Jason T. Wiun
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Pipelines
Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Pipelines since January 1, 2018; prior thereto, Vice President, Conventional Pipelines of Pembina since January 1, 2014; prior thereto, Senior Manager, Business Development, Conventional Pipelines of Pembina since 2011.
Jaret A. Sprott
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Facilities
Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Facilities since January 1, 2018; prior thereto, Vice President, Gas Services of Pembina since January 1, 2015; prior thereto, Senior Manager, Peace River Arch (Alberta Montney), Northern Operating Area of Encana since March 2013; prior thereto, Senior Manager, Bighorn (Deep Basin Cretaceous)   of Encana   since April 2012.
As at February 21, 2019, the directors and executive officers of Pembina beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, an aggregate of 1,072,867 Common Shares, representing approximately 0.21 percent of the then outstanding Common Shares.
Conflicts of Interest
The directors and officers of Pembina may be directors or officers of entities which are in competition with or are customers or suppliers of Pembina or certain entities in which Pembina holds an equity investment. As such, these directors or officers of Pembina may encounter conflicts of interest in the administration of their duties with respect to Pembina. Directors and officers of Pembina are required to disclose the existence of potential conflicts in accordance with Pembina’s Code of Ethics and other

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corporate governance policies which can be found on Pembina's website at www.pembina.com and in accordance with the ABCA. See " Risk Factors – General Risk Factors – Potential Conflicts of Interest ."
AUDIT COMMITTEE INFORMATION
The Audit Committee's Charter
The Audit Committee Charter is set forth in Appendix "A" to this Annual Information Form.
Composition of the Audit Committee and Relevant Education and Experience
Pembina's Audit Committee is comprised of Gordon J. Kerr, as Chair, Maureen E. Howe, David M.B. LeGresley, Bruce D. Rubin and Henry W. Sykes, each of whom is independent and financially literate within the meaning of NI 52–110 and in accordance with Pembina's Standards for Director Independence available at www.pembina.com. Set forth below are additional details regarding each member of the Audit Committee.
Gordon J. Kerr
Mr. Kerr is the Chair of the Audit Committee and has been a member of the Audit Committee since February 27, 2015. Mr. Kerr is independent within the meaning of such term in NI 52–110, and in accordance with the rules prescribed by the SEC and the NYSE. Mr. Kerr is a member of the Management Advisory Council of the Haskayne School of Business at the University of Calgary. Mr. Kerr is a former President and Chief Executive Officer of Enerplus Corporation, a position he held from May 2001 until July 2013. He is also a past Chair of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, a former director of Deer Creek Energy Limited and a past member of the Canadian Council of Chief Executives. Since beginning his career in 1979, he has gained extensive management experience in leadership positions at various oil and gas companies. 
Mr. Kerr commenced employment with Enerplus Corporation and its predecessors in 1996, holding positions of increasing responsibility, including the positions of Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President. Mr. Kerr graduated from the University of Calgary in 1976 with a Bachelor of Commerce degree. He received a Chartered Accountant designation and was admitted as a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Alberta in 1979 and was later appointed a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Alberta in February 2011. This business experience provides Mr. Kerr with the skill set and financial literacy required to carry out his duties as a member of the Audit Committee.
Maureen E. Howe
Maureen E. Howe has been a member of the Audit Committee since October 2, 2017. Ms. Howe is independent within the meaning of such term in NI 52–110, and in accordance with the rules prescribed by the SEC and the NYSE. Ms. Howe currently serves as a member of the board of directors and chair of the audit committee of TimberWest Forest Corp., a private company. She has served as Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets in equity research and was regularly a top ranked analyst in Canada by independent industry surveys. Prior to joining RBC Capital Markets, Ms. Howe held finance positions in the utility industry, investment banking and portfolio management. Ms. Howe holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) from the University of Manitoba and a Ph.D. in Finance from the University of British Columbia. This business experience provides Ms. Howe with the skill set and financial literacy required to carry out her duties as a member of the Audit Committee.
David M.B. LeGresley
David M.B. LeGresley has been a member of the Audit Committee since April 2, 2012. Mr. LeGresley is independent within the meaning of such term in NI 52–110, and in accordance with the rules prescribed by the SEC and the NYSE. Mr. LeGresley is a former executive of National Bank Financial and spent 12 years with that company, most recently serving as Vice Chairman from 2006 to 2008. Prior to that assignment he held various senior investment banking positions at National Bank Financial including Executive Vice President and Head of Corporate and Investment Banking (1999 to 2006). Mr. LeGresley has extensive experience in the financial services industry, including positions at Salomon Brothers Canada and CIBC Wood Gundy. He also serves as a chairman and director of a TSX-listed company, Equitable Group Inc. Mr. LeGresley received a Bachelor of Applied Science Degree in Engineering from the University of Toronto in 1981 and a Master of Business Administration from Harvard Business School in 1986. He is a graduate of the Institute of Corporate Directors – Rotman Directors Education Program and a member of the Institute

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of Corporate Directors. This business experience provides Mr. LeGresley with the skill set and financial literacy required to carry out his duties as a member of the Audit Committee.
Bruce D. Rubin
Mr. Rubin has been a member of the Audit Committee since May 5, 2017. Mr. Rubin is independent within the meaning of such term in NI 52–110, and in accordance with the rules prescribed by the SEC and the NYSE. Mr. Rubin is an independent businessman with over 39 years of experience, including various executive and advisory positions and board memberships in the energy, refining and petrochemical sectors. He served as the Chief Executive Officer of Sunoco Chemicals and was a Senior Vice President of Sunoco Inc., from 2008 until 2010, and held various other executive positions during a 32-year career with that company. Mr. Rubin was Braskem America's first Chief Executive Officer, and he served with Braskem America in an executive capacity from 2010 until 2013. He oversaw the successful transition of Sunoco Chemicals to Braskem America and supported the successful acquisition by Braskem America of Dow Chemicals' polypropylene business. Mr. Rubin was an advisor for Braskem America. Mr. Rubin served on the board of directors of Sylvatex Inc. from 2012 to 2016, and currently serves on the board of DISA Global Solutions (a Court Square Capital Partners company). He is currently an advisor for Sylvatex Inc. and previously served as an Executive Advisor for Court Square Partners from 2013 to 2015 as well as an Operating Advisor for The Carlyle Group from 2015 to 2017. Mr. Rubin has a Master of Business Administration Degree from Widener University as well as a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania. This business experience provides Mr. Rubin with the skill set and financial literacy required to carry out his duties as a member of the Audit Committee.
Henry W. Sykes
Mr. Sykes has been a member of the Audit Committee since May 4, 2018. Mr. Sykes is independent within the meaning of such term in NI 52-110, and in accordance with the rules prescribed by the SEC and the NYSE. Mr. Sykes is the former President and director of MGM Energy Corp., a Canadian public energy company focused on the acquisition and development of hydrocarbon resources in Canada’s Northwest Territories and Arctic regions (January 2007 to June 2014). He was President of ConocoPhillips Canada (2001 to 2006) and Executive Vice-President, Business Development of Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. before that. Mr. Sykes began his career as a lawyer and specialized in mergers and acquisitions, securities and corporate law. He is past Chair and member of the boards of Arts Commons and The Arctic Institute of North America, and a director of several private companies involved in the oil and gas industry. He has a Bachelor of Arts in economics from McGill University and a law degree from the University of Toronto and a masters of law degree from the London School of Economics. Mr. Sykes is a member of the Institute of Corporate Directors. This business experience provides Mr. Sykes with the skill set and financial literacy required to carry out his duties as a member of the Audit Committee.
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures for Audit and Non-Audit Services
As outlined in Pembina's Audit Committee Charter and the terms of engagement with Pembina's external auditors, the Audit Committee of the Board is directly responsible for overseeing the relationship, reports, qualifications, independence and performance of the external auditor and audit services by other registered public accounting firms engaged by Pembina. The Audit Committee has the authority and responsibility to recommend the appointment and the revocation of the appointment of the external auditors engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services, and to fix their remuneration. The external auditor reports directly to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee's appointment of the external auditor is subject to annual approval by the Shareholders.
The Audit Committee is also responsible for the pre-approval of all permissible non-audit services to be provided by the external auditors considering the potential impact of such services on the independence of external auditors and, subject to any de minimis exemption available under applicable laws. Such approval can be given either specifically or pursuant to pre-approval policies and procedures adopted by the Audit Committee, including the delegation of this ability to one or more members of the Audit Committee to the extent permitted by applicable law, provided that any pre-approvals granted pursuant to any such delegation must be detailed as to the particular service to be provided, may not delegate Audit Committee responsibilities to management of Pembina, and must be reported to the full Audit Committee at the first scheduled meeting of the Audit Committee following such pre-approval.

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External Auditor Service Fees
The following table sets out the fees billed to Pembina for professional services provided by KPMG LLP during each of the last two financial years:
YEAR
AUDIT FEES (1)
AUDIT-RELATED FEES (2)
TAX FEES (3)
ALL OTHER FEES (4)
2018
$2,292,000
$159,250
$845,331
NIL
2017
$2,739,500
$114,900
$437,250
NIL
Notes :
(1)  
Audit fees were for professional services rendered by KPMG LLP for the audit of Pembina's annual financial statements and reviews of Pembina's quarterly financial statements, as well as services provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. In 2018, fees included additional expense for pricing supplements in relation to the sale and issue of Medium Term Notes, Series 10 and 11. In 2017, fees included additional expense for the 2017 Base Shelf Prospectus, MTN Prospectus, prospectus supplements in relation to the offering of Series 21 Class A Preferred Shares, pricing supplements in relation to the sale and issue of Medium Term Notes, Series 8 and 9, management information circular dated March 16, 2017 and BAR.
(2)  
Audit-related fees are for assurance and related services, including French translations in connection with statutory and regulatory filings, reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of Pembina's financial statements and not reported under " Audit Fees " above. In 2018, these fees included audit fees for the pension plan and Younger facility pension plan audits of $30,000 and $20,000, respectively. 2017 included fees for the pension plan audit for $30,000. Included in 2018 were fees relating to other audit related services of $37,250.
(3)  
Tax fees were for tax compliance of $323,000 (2017: $74,350) and tax advice and tax planning of $522,331 (2017: $362,900). In addition to the 2018 fees stated above, KPMG billed $19,100 in 2019 prior to the date hereof. The fees were for non-audit tax services. 2018 and 2017 fees included tax consultation and tax compliance fees incurred for preparing and filing the tax returns for Pembina's subsidiaries.
(4)  
All other fees are fees for products and services provided by Pembina's auditors other than those described as " Audit Fees ", " Audit-related Fees " and " Tax Fees ."
RISK FACTORS
The following information is a summary only of certain risk factors relating to Pembina, its subsidiaries and/or its Equity Accounted Investments, or an investment in securities of Pembina, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and must be read in conjunction with, the detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Information Form. Shareholders and prospective investors should carefully consider these risk factors before investing in Pembina's securities, as each of these risks may negatively affect the trading price of Pembina's securities, the amount of dividends paid to Shareholders and holders of Class A Preferred Shares and the ability of Pembina to fund its debt obligations, including obligations under debt securities that Pembina may issue from time to time. Information regarding Pembina’s risk assessment and management processes can be found in Pembina’s management information circular for its 2019 annual meeting of Shareholders.
Prospective investors should carefully consider the risk factors set out below and consider all other information contained herein and in Pembina's other public filings before making an investment decision in respect of any securities of Pembina.
Pembina's value proposition is based on balancing economic benefit against risk. Where appropriate, Pembina will seek to reduce risk. Pembina continually works to mitigate the impact of potential risks to its business by identifying all significant risks so that they can be appropriately managed. To assist with identifying and managing risk, Pembina has implemented a comprehensive Risk Management Program.
Risks Inherent in Pembina's Business
Commodity Price Risk
Pembina’s business is exposed to commodity price volatility and a substantial decline in the prices of these commodities could adversely affect its financial results.

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Certain of the transportation contracts or tolling arrangements with respect to Pembina's pipeline assets do not include take-or-pay commitments from crude oil and gas producers and, as a result, Pembina is exposed to throughput risk with respect to those assets. A decrease in volumes transported can directly and adversely affect Pembina’s revenues and earnings. The demand for, and utilization of, Pembina's pipeline assets may be impacted by factors such as changing market fundamentals, capacity bottlenecks, operational incidents, regulatory restrictions, system maintenance, weather and increased competition. Market fundamentals, such as commodity prices and price differentials, natural gas and gasoline consumption, alternative energy sources and global supply disruptions outside of Pembina’s control can impact both the supply of and demand for the commodities transported on Pembina’s pipelines. See " Reserve Replacement, Throughput and Product Demand " below .
Pembina's Marketing business includes activities related to product storage, terminalling, and hub services. These activities expose Pembina to certain risks relating to fluctuations in commodity prices and, as a result, Pembina may experience volatility in revenue and impairments related to the book value of stored product with respect to these activities. Primarily, Pembina enters into contracts to purchase and sell crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas at floating market prices; as a result, the prices of products that are marketed by Pembina are subject to volatility as a result of factors such as seasonal demand changes, extreme weather conditions, market inventory levels, general economic conditions, changes in crude oil markets and other factors. Pembina manages its risk exposure by balancing purchases and sales to secure less volatile margins. Notwithstanding Pembina's management of price and quality risk, marketing margins for commodities can vary and have varied significantly from period to period in the past. This variability could have an adverse effect on the results of Pembina's Marketing business and its overall results of operations. To assist in reducing this inherent variability in its Marketing business, Pembina has invested, and will continue to invest, in assets that have a fee-based revenue component.
Pembina is also exposed to potential price declines and decreasing frac spreads between the time Pembina purchases NGL feedstock and sells NGL products. Frac spread is the difference between the sale prices of NGL products and the cost of NGL sourced from natural gas and acquired at prices related to natural gas prices. Frac spreads can change significantly from period to period depending on the relationship between NGL and natural gas prices (the " frac spread ratio "), absolute commodity prices, and changes in the Canadian to U.S. dollar exchange rate. In addition to the frac spread ratio changes, there is also a differential between NGL product prices and crude oil prices which can change margins realized for midstream products. The amount of profit or loss made on the extraction portion of the business will generally increase or decrease with frac spreads. This exposure could result in variability of cash flow generated by the Marketing business, which could affect Pembina and the cash dividends that Pembina is able to distribute.
The Company utilizes financial derivative instruments as part of its overall risk management strategy to assist in managing the exposure to commodity price, interest rate, cost of power and foreign exchange risk. As an example of commodity price mitigation, the Company actively fixes a portion of its exposure to fractionation margins through the use of derivative financial instruments. Additionally, Pembina's Marketing business is also exposed to variability in quality, time and location differentials for various products, and financial instruments may be used to offset the Company’s exposures to these differentials. The Company does not trade financial instruments for speculative purposes. Commodity price fluctuations and volatility can also impact producer activity and throughput in Pembina's infrastructure, which is discussed in more detail below.
For more information with respect to Pembina's financial instruments and financial risk management program, see Note 24 to Pembina's Financial Statements, which note is incorporated by reference herein.
Regulation and Legislation
Legislation in Alberta and British Columbia exists to ensure that producers have fair and reasonable opportunities to produce, process and market their reserves. The AER and BCOGC in Alberta and British Columbia, respectively, may declare the operator of a pipeline a common carrier of crude oil, NGLs or natural gas and, as such, must not discriminate between producers who seek access to the pipeline. Regulatory authorities that declare pipeline operators a common carrier may also establish conditions under which the carrier must accept and carry product, including the tariffs that may be charged. Producers and shippers may also apply to the appropriate regulatory authorities for a review of tariffs, and such tariffs may then be regulated if it is proven that the tariffs are not just and reasonable. The potential for direct regulation of tariffs, while considered remote by Pembina, could result in tariff levels that are less advantageous to Pembina and could impair the economic operation of such regulated pipeline systems.
The AER is the primary regulatory body that oversees Pembina's Alberta-issued energy permits, with some minor exceptions. Certain of Pembina's subsidiaries own pipelines in British Columbia, which are regulated by the BCOGC, and pipelines that cross

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provincial or international boundaries, which are regulated by the NEB and/or the FERC. Certain of Pembina's operations and expansion projects are subject to additional regulations, and as Pembina's operations expand throughout Canada and North America, Pembina may be required to comply with the requirements of additional regulators and legislative bodies, including the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (" Environmental Assessment Agency "), the British Columbia Environmental Assessment Office (" BCEAO "), the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, the Saskatchewan Ministry of Economy and The Petroleum Branch of Manitoba Mineral Resources. In the U.S., tolls on pipelines are regulated by and reported to the FERC and pipeline operations are governed by the PHMSA, which sets standards for the design, construction, pressure testing, operation and maintenance, corrosion control, training and qualification of personnel, accident reporting and record keeping. The Office of Pipeline Safety, within the PHMSA, inspects and enforces the pipeline safety regulations across the U.S. All regulations and environmental compliance obligations are subject to change at the initiative of PHMSA. Pembina continually monitors existing and changing regulations in all jurisdictions in which it currently operates, or into which it may expand in the future, and the potential implications to its operations; however, Pembina cannot predict future regulatory changes, and any such compliance and regulatory changes in any one or multiple jurisdictions could have a material adverse impact on Pembina, its financial results and its Shareholders.
On February 8, 2018, the Canadian federal government introduced Bill C-69, an Act to enact the Impact Assessment Act and the Canadian Energy Regulator Act, to amend the Navigation Protection Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts (" Bill C-69 "), which proposes to, among other things, overhaul the federal environmental assessment regime in Canada under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (Canada) (" CEAA "), and replace the NEB with a new regulator, the Canadian Energy Regulator (" CER "). If passed, Bill C-69 would result in the replacement of CEAA with the Impact Assessment Act (Canada) (" IAA ") and the Environmental Assessment Agency with the new Impact Assessment Agency of Canada as the authority responsible for conducting all federal impact assessments (formerly "environmental assessments") for certain designated projects under the IAA, unless referred to a review panel. It is not yet known whether the list of designated projects which will be subject to mandatory assessment under the IAA will be the same as or similar to those under the CEAA. The proposed IAA also contains a broader project assessment process than under the CEAA and provides for enhanced consultation with groups that may be affected by proposed projects, while also expanding the scope of factors and considerations that need to be taken into account under the project assessment process. Bill C-69 also contemplates the adoption of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act (Canada) (the " CERA ") and the repeal of the National Energy Board Act (Canada), which would replace the NEB with the CER. The CER would then continue to oversee approved federal, interprovincial and international energy projects in a manner similar to the current regime under the NEB, with new projects being referred to a review panel under the IAA. Pembina continues to actively monitor developments relating to Bill C-69 and other regulatory initiatives; however, as there can be no assurances that Bill C-69 will be passed in its current form, or at all, Pembina cannot predict the outcome of this or any other future regulatory initiatives. As such, the impact on Pembina resulting from the enactment of the IAA or the CERA, and any other future regulatory initiatives is uncertain. In the event that such changes, or any future proposed changes, negatively impact Pembina’s current business and/or its ability to receive approvals for current and future growth projects in a timely and cost-effective manner, such changes could materially and directly impact Pembina's business and financial results. Such regulatory initiatives could also indirectly affect Pembina’s business and financial results by impacting the financial condition and growth projects of its customers and, ultimately, production levels and throughput on Pembina's pipelines and in its facilities.
Pembina's business and financial condition may also be influenced by federal and foreign legislation affecting, in particular, foreign investment, through legislation such as the Competition Act (Canada), the Investment Canada Act (Canada) and their equivalents in foreign jurisdictions.
There can be no assurance that changes to income tax laws, regulatory and environmental laws or policies and government incentive programs relating to the pipeline or crude oil and natural gas industry will not adversely affect Pembina or the value of its securities.
See " Other Information Relating to Pembina’s Business – Industry Regulation ."
Operational Risks
Operational risks include, but are not limited to: pipeline leaks; the breakdown or failure of equipment, pipelines and facilities, information systems or processes; the compromise of information and control systems; the performance of equipment at levels below those originally intended (whether due to misuse, unexpected degradation or design, construction or manufacturing defects); spills at truck terminals and hubs; spills associated with the loading and unloading of potentially harmful substances onto rail cars and trucks; failure to maintain adequate supplies of spare parts; operator error; labour disputes; disputes with

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interconnected facilities and carriers; operational disruptions or apportionment on third-party systems or refineries, which may prevent the full utilization of Pembina's facilities and pipelines; and catastrophic events, including, but not limited to, extreme weather events, including fires, floods and other natural disasters, explosions, train derailments, earthquakes, acts of terrorism or sabotage, and other similar events, many of which are beyond the control of Pembina and all of which could result in operational disruptions, damage to assets, related spills or other environmental issues, and delays in construction, labour and materials. Pembina may also be exposed from time to time to additional operational risks not stated in the immediately preceding sentence. The occurrence or continuance of any of the foregoing events could increase the cost of operating Pembina's assets or reduce revenue, thereby impacting earnings. Additionally, facilities and pipelines are reliant on electrical power for their operations. A failure or disruption within the local or regional electrical power supply or distribution or transmission systems could significantly affect ongoing operations. Further, a significant increase in the cost of power or fuel could have a materially negative effect on the level of profit realized in cases where the relevant contracts do not provide for recovery of such costs. In the long-term, constraints on natural resource development could be impacted by climate change initiatives or policies, resulting in additional operational costs, delays or restrictions.
Pembina is committed to preserving customer and Shareholder value by proactively managing operational risk through safe and reliable operations. Senior managers are responsible for the supervision of operational risk by ensuring appropriate policies, procedures and systems are in place within their business units and internal controls are operating efficiently. Pembina also has an extensive program to manage pipeline system integrity, which includes the development and use of in-line inspection tools and various other leak detection technologies. Pembina's maintenance, excavation and repair programs are focused on risk mitigation and, as such, resources are directed to the areas of greatest benefit and infrastructure is replaced or repaired as required. Pembina carries insurance coverage with respect to some, but not all, casualty occurrences in amounts customary for similar business operations, which coverage may not be sufficient to compensate for all casualty occurrences. In addition, Pembina has a comprehensive Corporate Security Management Program designed to reduce security-related risks.
Completion and Timing of Expansion Projects
The successful completion of Pembina's growth and expansion projects is dependent on a number of factors outside of Pembina's control, including the impact of general economic, business and market conditions, availability of capital at attractive rates, receipt of regulatory approvals, reaching long-term commercial arrangements with customers in respect of certain portions of the expansions, construction schedules, commissioning difficulties or delays and costs that may change depending on supply, demand and/or inflation, labour, materials and equipment availability, contractor non-performance, civil disobedience, weather conditions, and cost of engineering services. There is no certainty, nor can Pembina provide any assurance, that necessary regulatory approvals will be received on terms that maintain the expected return on investment associated with a specific project, or at all, or that satisfactory commercial arrangements with customers will be entered into on a timely basis, or at all, or that third parties will comply with contractual obligations in a timely manner. Factors such as special interest group opposition, Aboriginal, landowner and other stakeholder consultation requirements, civil disobedience, changes in shipper support, and changes to the legislative or regulatory framework could all have an impact on meeting contractual and regulatory milestones. As a result, the cost estimates and completion dates for Pembina's major projects may change during different stages of the project. Early stage projects face additional challenges, including securing leases, easements, rights-of-way, permits and/or licenses from landowners or governmental authorities allowing access for such purposes, as well as Aboriginal consultation requirements. Accordingly, actual costs and construction schedules may vary from initial estimates and these differences can be significant, and certain projects may not proceed as planned, or at all. Further, there is a risk that maintenance will be required more often than currently planned or that significant maintenance capital projects could arise that were not previously anticipated.
Under most of Pembina's construction and operating agreements, the Company is obligated to construct the facilities regardless of delays and cost increases and Pembina bears the risk for any cost overruns and future agreements entered into with customers with respect to expansions may contain similar conditions. While Pembina is not currently aware of any significant undisclosed cost overruns with respect to its current projects at the date hereof, any such cost overruns may adversely affect the economics of particular projects, as well as Pembina's business operations and financial results, and could reduce Pembina's expected return on investment which, in turn, could reduce the level of cash available for dividends and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and other debt obligations.
See " General Risk Factors – Additional Financing and Capital Resources " and " Shipper and Processing Contracts " below.
Possible Failure to Realize Anticipated Benefits of Corporate Strategy

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Pembina evaluates the value proposition for expansion projects, new acquisitions and divestitures on an ongoing basis. Planning and investment analysis is highly dependent on accurate forecasting assumptions and, to the extent that these assumptions do not materialize, financial performance may be lower or more volatile than expected. Volatility in the economy, change in cost estimates, project scoping and risk assessment could result in a loss in profits for Pembina. As part of its ongoing strategy, Pembina may complete acquisitions of assets or other entities in the future. Achieving the benefits of completed and future acquisitions depends, in part, on successfully consolidating functions and integrating operations, procedures and personnel in a timely and efficient manner, as well as Pembina's ability to realize the anticipated growth opportunities and synergies from combining the acquired businesses and operations with those of Pembina. In particular, large scale acquisitions may involve significant pricing and integration risk. The integration of acquired businesses and entities requires the dedication of substantial management effort, time and resources, which may divert management's focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and from operational matters during this process. The integration process may also result in the loss of key employees and the disruption of ongoing business, customer and employee relationships, which may adversely affect Pembina's ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of any acquisitions. Acquisitions may also expose Pembina to additional risks, including risks relating to entry into markets or businesses in which Pembina has little or no direct prior experience, increased credit risks through the assumption of additional debt, costs and contingent liabilities and exposure to liabilities of the acquired business or assets.
See " General Risk Factors – Additional Financing and Capital Resources " below.
Joint Ownership and Third-Party Operators
Certain of Pembina’s assets are jointly owned and are governed by partnership or shareholder agreements entered into with third-parties. As a result, certain decisions relating to these assets require the approval of a simple majority of the owners, while others require unanimous approval of the owners. In addition, certain of these assets are operated by unrelated third-party entities. The success of these assets is, to some extent, dependent on the effectiveness of the business relationship and decision-making among Pembina and the other joint owner(s) and the expertise and ability of any third-party operators to operate and maintain the assets. While Pembina believes that there are prudent governance and other contractual rights in place, there can be no assurance that Pembina will not encounter disputes with joint owners or that assets operated by third parties may not perform as expected. Such events could impact operations or cash flows of these assets or cause them to not operate as Pembina expects which, in turn, could have a negative impact on Pembina’s business operations and financial results, and could reduce Pembina’s expected return on investment, thereby reducing the level of cash available for dividends and to service obligations under Pembina’s debt securities and other debt obligations.
Reserve Replacement, Throughput and Product Demand
Pembina's pipeline revenue is based on a variety of tolling arrangements, including fee-for-service, cost-of-service agreements and market‑based tolls. As a result, certain pipeline revenue is heavily dependent upon throughput levels of crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas. Future throughput on crude oil, NGL and natural gas pipelines and replacement of oil and gas reserves in the service areas will be dependent upon the activities of producers operating in those areas as they relate to exploiting their existing reserve bases and exploring for and developing additional reserves, and technological improvements leading to increased recovery rates. Similarly, the volumes of natural gas processed through Pembina's gas processing assets depends on the production of natural gas in the areas serviced by the gas processing business and associated pipelines. Without reserve additions, or expansion of the service areas, volumes on such pipelines and in such facilities would decline over time as reserves are depleted. As oil and gas reserves are depleted, production costs may increase relative to the value of the remaining reserves in place, causing producers to shut-in production or seek out lower cost alternatives for transportation. If, as a result, the level of tolls collected by Pembina decreases cash flow available for dividends to Shareholders and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and Pembina's other debt obligations could be adversely affected.
Over the long-term, the ability and willingness of shippers to continue production will also depend, in part, on the level of demand and prices for crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas in the markets served by the crude oil, NGL and natural gas pipelines and gas processing and gathering infrastructure in which Pembina has an interest. Producers may shut-in production at lower product prices or higher production costs.
Global economic events may continue to have a substantial impact on the prices of crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas. Pembina cannot predict the impact of future supply/demand or economic conditions, fuel conservation measures, alternative fuel requirements, governmental regulation or technological advances in fuel efficiency and energy generation in the energy and petrochemical industries or future demand for and prices of natural gas, crude oil, condensate and NGLs. A lower commodity

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price environment will generally reduce drilling activity and, as a result, the demand for midstream infrastructure could decline. Producers in the areas serviced by Pembina may not be successful in exploring for and developing additional reserves or achieving technological improvements to increase recovery rates and lower production costs during periods of lower commodity prices, which may also reduce demand for midstream infrastructure.
Future prices of these hydrocarbons are determined by supply and demand factors, including weather and general economic conditions as well as economic, political and other conditions in other crude oil and natural gas regions, all of which are beyond Pembina's control. The rate and timing of production from proven natural gas reserves tied into gas plants is at the discretion of producers and is subject to regulatory constraints. Producers have no obligation to produce from their natural gas reserves, which means production volumes are at the discretion of producers. Lower production volumes may increase the competition for natural gas supply at gas processing plants, which could result in higher shrinkage premiums being paid to natural gas producers. In addition, lower production volumes may lead to less demand for pipelines and processing capacity.
Pembina's gas processing assets are connected to various third-party trunk line systems. Operational disruptions or apportionment on those third-party systems may prevent the full utilization of Pembina’s gas processing assets, which may have an adverse effect on its business.
Competition
Pembina competes with other pipeline, midstream, marketing and gas processing, fractionation and handling/storage service providers in its service areas as well as other transporters of crude oil, NGL and natural gas. The introduction of competing transportation alternatives into Pembina's service areas could limit Pembina's ability to adjust tolls as it may deem necessary and result in the reduction of throughput in Pembina's pipelines. Additionally, potential pricing differentials on the components of NGLs may result in these components being transported by competing gas pipelines. Pembina is determined to meet, and believes that it is prepared for, these existing and potential competitive pressures. Pembina also competes with other businesses for growth and business opportunities, which could impact its ability to grow through acquisitions and could impact earnings and cash flow available to pay dividends and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and other debt obligations.
See " Description of Pembina’s Business and Operations ".
Reliance on Principal Customers
Pembina sells services and products to large customers within its area of operations and relies on several significant customers to purchase product for the Marketing business. If for any reason these parties were unable to perform their obligations under the various agreements with Pembina, the revenue and dividends of the Company and the operations of Pembina could be negatively impacted. See " General Risk Factors – Credit Risk " below.
Customer Contracts
Throughput on Pembina's pipelines is governed by transportation contracts or tolling arrangements with various crude oil and natural gas producers. Pembina is party to numerous contracts of varying durations in respect of its gas gathering, processing and fractionation facilities as well as terminalling and storage services. Any default by counterparties under such contracts or any expiration of such contracts or tolling arrangements without renewal or replacement may have an adverse effect on Pembina's business and results from operations. Further, some contracts associated with the services described above are comprised of a mixture of firm and non-firm commitments. The revenue that Pembina earns on non-firm or firm commitments without take-or-pay service is dependent on the volume of crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas produced by producers in the relevant geographic areas. Accordingly, lower production volumes in these areas, including for reasons such as low commodity prices, may have an adverse effect on Pembina's revenue.
See " Description of Pembina's Business and Operations ".
Reputation
Reputational risk is the potential risk that market-or company-specific events, or other factors, could result in the deterioration of Pembina's reputation with key stakeholders. The potential for deterioration of Pembina's reputation exists in many business decisions, which may negatively impact Pembina's business and the value of its securities. Reputational risk cannot be managed

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in isolation from other forms of risk. Credit, market, operational, insurance, liquidity, regulatory and legal, and technology risks, among others, must all be managed effectively to safeguard Pembina's reputation. Pembina's reputation could also be impacted by the actions and activities of other companies operating in the energy industry, particularly other energy infrastructure providers, over which Pembina has no control. In particular, Pembina's reputation could be impacted by negative publicity related to pipeline incidents, expansion plans or new projects or due to opposition from organizations opposed to energy, oil sands and pipeline development and, particularly, with shipment of production from oil sands regions. Further, Pembina’s reputation could be negatively impacted by changing public attitudes towards climate change and the perceived causes thereof, over which the Company has no control. Negative impacts from a compromised reputation, whether caused by Pembina’s actions or otherwise, could include revenue loss, reduction in customer base, delays in obtaining regulatory approvals with respect to growth projects, reduced access to capital or decreased value of Pembina's securities.
Environmental Costs and Liabilities
Pembina’s operations, facilities and petroleum product shipments are subject to extensive national, regional and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things, discharges to air, land and water, the handling and storage of petroleum products and hazardous materials, waste disposal, the protection of employee health, safety and the environment, and the investigation and remediation of contamination. Pembina's facilities may experience incidents, malfunctions or other unplanned events that may result in spills or emissions and/or result in personal injury, fines, penalties, other sanctions or property damage. Pembina may also incur liability for environmental contamination associated with past and present activities and properties.
Pembina's facilities and pipelines must maintain a number of environmental and other permits from various governmental authorities in order to operate, and these facilities are subject to inspection from time to time. Failure to maintain compliance with these requirements could result in operational interruptions, fines or penalties, or the need to install additional pollution control technology. Licenses and permits must be renewed from time to time and there is no guarantee that a license or permit will be renewed on the same or similar conditions as it was initially granted. There can be no assurance that Pembina will be able to obtain all licenses, permits, registrations, approvals and authorizations that may be required to conduct operations that it may wish to undertake. Further, if at any time regulatory authorities deem any of Pembina's pipelines or facilities unsafe or not in compliance with applicable laws, they may order it to be shut down. Certain significant environmental legislative initiatives that may materially impact Pembina's business and financial results and conditions are outlined below.
In 2016, the Canadian federal government announced that its initial proposed pan-Canadian carbon tax would be $10 per tonne commencing in 2018 and would increase by $10 per tonne per year to $50 per tonne by 2022. As a regulatory backstop, the federal government has also implemented the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act (“ GGPPA ”), which introduces a carbon pricing regime for those provinces that fail to impose adequate provincial measures. Saskatchewan and Ontario have recently launched constitutional challenges to the GGPPA, the results of which could significantly impact how greenhouse gas (" GHG ") emissions are regulated throughout Canada.
In Alberta, the provincial government has launched two initiatives under the Climate Change Act . These initiatives include the enactment of a $30 per tonne carbon levy on all carbon-based heating and transportation fuels, as well as output-based emission allocations for large facility emitters under the Carbon Competitiveness Incentive Regulation (" CCIR "). All Pembina entities within Alberta have obtained an exemption from the carbon levy for the majority of their business activities, which will limit Pembina's exposure to the levy until those exemptions expire in 2023. Where applicable, Pembina entities have also obtained licences under the carbon levy regulations to buy and sell regulated fuels without the need to recover and remit the carbon levy on those fuel transactions. Pembina also continues to follow the proposed changes to the regulatory framework for the reduction of methane from fugitive and vented gas emissions. Through active participation with industry associations and direct engagement with regulatory bodies, Pembina will continue to monitor and assess for material impacts to Pembina's business as regulations and policies continue to be developed.
Pembina has three natural gas processing facilities subject to the large emitter regulations under the CCIR. At present, the operational and financial impacts are minimal and are anticipated to not change substantially over the next few years. As more facilities expand and increase production, it is anticipated that additional facilities will become subject to the CCIR. The potential costs and benefits to Pembina of those facilities under the CCIR are continuing to be assessed.
The Government of Alberta, in its climate change legislation and guidelines, has legislated an overall cap on oil sands greenhouse gas emissions. The legislated emissions cap on oil sands operations has been set to a maximum of 100 megatonnes in any year.

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Oil sands operations currently emit approximately 70 megatonnes per year. This legislated cap may limit oil sands production growth in the future.
Similar policy reviews on climate change are underway in British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. On July 3, 2018, Ontario announced the revocation of its previously enacted cap and trade emissions program. As Ontario has yet to implement a replacement GHG regime, the provisions of the GGPPA will apply to Ontario. As indicated above, Ontario has challenged the constitutionality of the GGPPA and has also announced plans to implement an alternative provincial regime.
While Pembina believes its current operations are in compliance with all applicable environmental, health and safety laws, there can be no assurance that substantial costs or liabilities will not be incurred as a result of non-compliance with such laws. Moreover, it is possible that other developments, such as changes in environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and enforcement policies thereunder, including with respect to climate change, claims for damages to persons or property resulting from Pembina's operations, and the discovery of pre-existing environmental liabilities in relation to Pembina's existing or future properties or operations, could result in significant costs and liabilities to Pembina. If Pembina is not able to recover the resulting costs or increased costs through insurance or increased tolls, cash flow available to pay dividends to Shareholders and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and Pembina's other debt obligations could be adversely affected.
Changes in environmental, health and safety regulations and legislation, including with respect to climate change, may also impact Pembina's customers and could result in crude oil and natural gas development and production becoming uneconomical, which would impact throughput and revenue on Pembina's systems and in its facilities.
See " Reserve Replacement, Throughput and Product Demand " above.
While Pembina maintains insurance for damage caused by seepage or pollution from its pipelines or facilities in an amount it considers prudent and in accordance with industry standards, certain provisions of such insurance may limit the availability thereof in respect of certain occurrences unless they are discovered within fixed time periods, which typically range from 72 hours to 30 days. Although Pembina believes it has adequate pipeline monitoring systems in place to monitor for a significant spill of product, if Pembina is unaware of a problem or is unable to locate the problem within the relevant time period, insurance coverage may lapse and not be available.
Abandonment Costs
Pembina is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws and regulations regarding the dismantling, decommissioning, environmental, reclamation and remediation activities on abandonment of its pipeline systems and other assets at the end of their economic life, and these abandonment costs may be substantial. An accounting provision is made for the estimated cost of site restoration and is capitalized in the relevant asset category. A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, Pembina has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Pembina's estimates of the costs of such abandonment or decommissioning could be materially different than the actual costs incurred. For more information with respect to Pembina's estimated net present value of decommissioning obligations, see Note 15 to Pembina's Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, which note is incorporated by reference herein.
The proceeds from the disposition of certain assets, including in respect of certain pipeline systems and line fill, may be available to offset abandonment costs. Pembina may, in the future, determine it prudent or be required by applicable laws or regulations to establish and fund additional reclamation funds to provide for payment of future abandonment costs. Such reserves could decrease cash flow available for dividends to Shareholders and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and Pembina's other debt obligations.
To the best of its knowledge, Pembina has complied with NEB requirements on its wholly-owned NEB-regulated pipelines for abandonment funding and has completed the compliance-based filings that are required under the applicable NEB rules and regulations regarding the abandonment of its pipeline systems and assets. Pembina also has ownership in NEB-regulated pipelines including in respect of the Alliance Pipeline, the Tupper pipelines and the Kerrobert pipeline, which are operated by or with its joint venture partners. Pembina and the joint venture partner in each case are responsible for the abandonment funding and the submission of the NEB-compliance based filings for those NEB-regulated pipelines. Pembina will continue to monitor any regulatory changes prior to the next five-year review and will complete the annual reporting as required by the NEB. Pembina

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owned and/or operated rate-regulated pipelines account for approximately 873 km of the total infrastructure in its Pipelines business.
Operating and Capital Costs
The operating and capital costs of Pembina's assets may vary considerably from current and forecasted values and rates and represent significant components of the cost of providing service. In general, as equipment ages, costs associated with such equipment may increase over time. In addition, operating and capital costs may increase as aa result of a number of factors beyond Pembina’s control, including general economic, business and market conditions and supply, demand and/or inflation in respect of required goods and/or services. Dividends may be reduced if significant increases in operating or capital costs are incurred and this may also impact the ability of Pembina to service obligations under its debt securities and other debt obligations.
Although certain operating costs are recaptured through the tolls charged on natural gas volumes processed and crude oil and NGL transported, respectively, to the extent such tolls escalate, producers may seek lower cost alternatives or stop production of their crude oil and/or natural gas.
Risks Relating to NGL by Rail
Pembina's operations include rail loading, offloading and terminalling facilities. Pembina relies on railroads and trucks to distribute its products for customers and to transport raw materials to its processing facilities. Costs for environmental damage, damage to property and/or personal injury in the event of a railway incident involving hydrocarbons have the potential to be significant. At this time, the Railway Safety Act (Canada), which governs the operation of railway equipment, does not contemplate regulatory enforcement proceedings against shippers, but consignors and shippers may be subject to regulatory proceedings under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada), which specifies the obligations of shippers to identify and classify dangerous goods, select appropriate equipment and prepare shipping documentation. While the Canada Transportation Act was amended in 2015 to preclude railway companies from shifting liability for third party claims to shippers by tariff publication alone, major Canadian railways have adopted standard contract provisions designed to implement such a shift. Under various environmental statutes in both Canada and the U.S., Pembina could be held responsible for environmental damage caused by hydrocarbons loaded at its facilities or being carried on its leased rail cars. Pembina partially mitigates this risk by securing insurance coverage, but such insurance coverage may not be adequate in the event of an incident.
Railway incidents in Canada and the U.S. have prompted regulatory bodies to initiate reviews of transportation rules and publish various directives. Regulators in Canada and the U.S. have begun to phase-in more stringent engineering standards for tank cars used to move hydrocarbon products, which require all North American tank cars carrying crude oil or ethanol to be retrofitted and all tank cars carrying flammable liquids to be compliant in accordance with the required regulatory timelines. While most legislative changes apply directly to railway companies, costs associated with retrofitting locomotives and rail cars, implementing safety systems, increased inspection and reporting requirements may be indirectly passed on to Pembina through increased freight rates and car leasing costs. In addition, regulators in Canada and the U.S. have implemented changes that impose obligations directly on consignors and shippers, such as Pembina, relating to the certification of product, equipment procedures and emergency response procedures.
In the event that Pembina is ultimately held liable for any damages resulting from its activities relating to transporting NGLs by rail, for which insurance is not available, or increased costs or obligations are imposed on Pembina as a result of new regulations, this could have an impact on Pembina's business, operations and prospects and could impact earnings and cash flow available to pay dividends and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and other debt obligations.
Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement
On November 30, 2018, Canada, the U.S. and Mexico signed the trilateral Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (" CUSMA "), which, once ratified, will replace the existing trilateral North American Free Trade Agreement (" NAFTA ").
NAFTA imposes certain requirements on Canada with respect to exports of energy and basic petrochemicals, requiring that export measures be applied such that the proportion of total supply exported over a three-year period remains unchanged. This requirement does not appear in CUSMA and is, therefore, expected to permit Canada to expand its exports of crude oil and natural gas beyond the U.S. In addition, CUSMA includes a change to the crude oil and natural gas rules of origin, which should make it easier for Canadian exporters to qualify for duty-free treatment on shipments to the U.S. and Mexico. Canada must,

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however, notify the U.S. of its intention to enter into free trade talks with any "non-market economies" under CUSMA, which may include China or any other potential importers of Canadian oil and gas exports.
Although the agreement has been signed, CUSMA is still required to be ratified and implemented by legislators from each of the three countries according to their own domestic legislative processes before it takes effect and replaces NAFTA. The ratification and implementation process in each of Canada, the U.S. and Mexico is not yet complete, although it is currently anticipated that CUSMA will come into force on January 1, 2020.
If CUSMA is not ratified and implemented by all three countries, this may alter the terms of trade for energy and petrochemical resources in North America, which could impact Pembina's ability to sell and transport petroleum products within North America and could have an adverse impact on our results from operations and financial condition.
Alberta Production Curtailment
On December 2, 2018, the Alberta provincial government announced mandatory reductions to crude oil and bitumen production in Alberta in an attempt to narrow the price differentials on these products compared to North American benchmark prices. The reductions have been applied at the operator level based upon each operator’s combined crude oil and bitumen production, with the first 10,000 barrels per day produced by each operator exempt from the curtailment program. The temporary production cut commenced in January 2019, with an initial reduction of 325,000 barrels per day, representing approximately 8.7 percent of the aggregate production of crude oil and bitumen in Alberta. This level of curtailment is expected to remain in place until March 31, 2019, followed by a reduced curtailment of approximately 95,000 barrels per day until the end of 2019. The production rate will be reviewed monthly by the Alberta Minister of Energy and revised, as necessary. Under the current regulations, the provincial government's authority to curtail crude oil and bitumen production in Alberta will end on December 31, 2019.
In addition to reduced production volumes, the Alberta provincial government's curtailment strategy may have other unintended consequences that impact the oil and gas industry in Alberta, including, but not limited to, reduced demand for diluent, a reduction in drilling projects, reduced capital spending on new projects, reduced volumes of refined products and market uncertainty. These effects may lead to a reduction in the volume of product transported on our pipelines or processed at our facilities, which could have an adverse impact on our results from operations and financial condition.
Risk Factors Relating to the Securities of Pembina
Dilution of Shareholders
Pembina is authorized to issue, among other classes of shares, an unlimited number of Common Shares for consideration on terms and conditions as established by the Board of Directors without the approval of Shareholders in certain instances. Existing Shareholders have no pre-emptive rights in connection with such further issuances. Any issuance of Common Shares may have a dilutive effect on existing Shareholders.
Risk Factors Relating to the Activities of Pembina and the Ownership of Securities
The following is a list of certain risk factors relating to the activities of Pembina and the ownership of its securities:
the level of Pembina's indebtedness from time to time could impair Pembina's ability to obtain additional financing on a timely basis to take advantage of business opportunities that may arise, which may have an adverse effect on the value of Pembina's securities;
the uncertainty of future dividend payments by Pembina and the level thereof, as Pembina's dividend policy and the funds available for the payment of dividends from time to time will be dependent upon, among other things, operating cash flow generated by Pembina and its subsidiaries, financial requirements for Pembina's operations, the execution of its growth strategy and the satisfaction of solvency tests imposed by the ABCA for the declaration and payment of dividends;
Pembina may make future acquisitions or may enter into financings or other transactions involving the issuance of securities of Pembina which may be dilutive to the holders of Pembina’s securities;

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the inability of Pembina to manage growth effectively, and realize the anticipated growth opportunities from acquisitions and new projects, could have an adverse impact on Pembina's business, operations and prospects, which may also have an adverse effect on the value of Pembina's securities; and
the market value of the Common Shares may deteriorate materially if Pembina is unable to meet its cash dividend targets or make cash dividends in the future.
Market Value of Common Shares and Other Securities
Pembina cannot predict at what price the Common Shares, Class A Preferred Shares or other securities issued by Pembina will trade in the future. Common Shares, Class A Preferred Shares and other securities of Pembina will not necessarily trade at values determined solely by reference to the underlying value of Pembina's assets. One of the factors that may influence the market price of the Common Shares and the Class A Preferred Shares is the annual dividend yield of such securities. An increase in interest rates may lead holders and/or purchasers of Common Shares or Class A Preferred Shares to demand a higher annual dividend yield, which could adversely affect the market price of the Common Shares or Class A Preferred Shares. In addition, the market price for Common Shares and the Class A Preferred Shares may be affected by announcements of new developments, changes in Pembina's operating results, failure to meet analysts' expectations, changes in credit ratings, changes in general market conditions, fluctuations in the market for equity or debt securities and other factors beyond the control of Pembina.
Shareholders are encouraged to obtain independent legal, tax and investment advice with respect to the holding of Common Shares or Class A Preferred Shares.
General Risk Factors
Additional Financing and Capital Resources
The timing and amount of Pembina's capital expenditures and contributions to Equity Accounted Investees, and the ability of the Company to repay or refinance existing debt as it becomes due, directly affects the amount of cash available for Pembina to pay dividends. Future acquisitions, expansions of Pembina's assets, other capital expenditures and the repayment or refinancing of existing debt as it becomes due may be financed from sources such as cash generated from operations, the issuance of additional Common Shares, Class A Preferred Shares or other securities (including debt securities) of Pembina and borrowings. Dividends may be reduced, or even eliminated, at times when significant capital or other expenditures are made. There can be no assurance that sufficient capital will be available on terms acceptable to Pembina, or at all, to make additional investments, fund future expansions or make other required capital expenditures. During periods of weakness in the global economy, and in particular the commodity-related industry sectors, Pembina may experience restricted access to capital and increased borrowing costs. The ability of Pembina to raise capital is depends on, among other factors, the overall state of capital markets, Pembina's credit rating, investor demand for investments in the energy industry and demand for Pembina's securities. To the extent that external sources of capital, including the issuance of additional Common Shares, Class A Preferred Shares or other securities or the availability of additional credit facilities, become limited or unavailable on favourable terms, or at all, due to credit market conditions or otherwise, the ability of Pembina to make the necessary capital investments to maintain or expand its operations, to repay outstanding debt or to invest in assets, as the case may be, may be impaired. To the extent Pembina is required to use operating cash flow to finance capital expenditures or acquisitions or to repay existing debt as it becomes due, the level of dividends payable may be reduced.
Counterparty Credit Risk
Counterparty credit risk represents the financial loss Pembina may experience if a counterparty to a financial instrument or commercial agreement failed to meet its contractual obligations to Pembina in accordance with the terms and conditions of such instruments or agreements with Pembina. Counterparty credit risk arises primarily from Pembina's short-term investments, trade and other receivables, advances to related parties and from counterparties to its derivative financial instruments.
Pembina continues to closely monitor and reassess the creditworthiness of its counterparties, including financial institutions. Pembina may reduce or mitigate its exposure to certain counterparties where it is deemed warranted and permitted under contractual terms. Pembina manages counterparty credit risk through established credit management techniques, including conducting comprehensive financial and other assessments on all new counterparties and regular reviews of existing counterparties to establish and monitor counterparties' creditworthiness, set exposure limits, monitor exposure to these limits and seek to obtain financial assurances where warranted and permitted under contractual terms. Pembina utilizes various sources

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of financial, credit and business information in assessing the creditworthiness of a counterparty, including external credit ratings, where available, and, in other cases, detailed financial statement analysis in order to generate an internal credit rating based on quantitative and qualitative factors. The establishment of counterparty exposure limits is governed by a Board-designated counterparty exposure limit matrix which represents the maximum dollar amounts of counterparty exposure by debt rating that can be approved for a particular counterparty.
Financial assurances from counterparties may include guarantees, letters of credit and cash. As at December 31, 2018, letters of credit totaling approximately $122 million (December 31, 2017: $110 million) were held primarily in respect of customer trade receivables.
Pembina has typically collected its receivables in full. At December 31, 2018, approximately 99 percent of receivables were current. Pembina has a general lien and a continuing and first priority security interest in, and a secured charge on, all of a shipper's petroleum products in its custody. The risk of non-collection is considered to be low and no material impairment of trade and other receivables has been made as of the date hereof.
Pembina monitors and manages its concentration of counterparty credit risk on an ongoing basis. Pembina also evaluates counterparty risk from the perspective of future exposure with existing or new counterparties that support future capital expansion projects. Pembina believes these measures are prudent and allow for effective management of its counterparty credit risk but there is no certainty that they will protect Pembina against all material losses. As part of its ongoing operations, Pembina must balance its market and counterparty credit risks when making business decisions.
Debt Service
At the end of 2018, Pembina had exposure to floating interest rates on approximately $1.3 billion in debt. Floating rate debt exposure is, in part, managed through the use of derivative financial instruments.
Variations in interest rates and scheduled principal repayments, if required under the terms of Pembina's banking agreements could result in significant changes in the amounts required to be applied to debt service before payment of any dividends. Certain covenants in the Company's agreements with its lenders may also limit certain payments and dividends paid by Pembina.
Pembina and its subsidiaries are permitted to borrow funds to finance the purchase of pipelines and other energy infrastructure assets, to fund capital expenditures or other financial obligations or expenditures in respect of such assets and for working capital purposes. Amounts paid in respect of interest and principal on debt incurred in respect of those assets reduce the amount of cash flow available for dividends on Common Shares. Pembina is also required to meet certain financial covenants under the Credit Facilities and is subject to customary restrictions on its operations and activities, including restrictions on the granting of security, incurring indebtedness and the sale of its assets.
The lenders under Pembina's Credit Facilities have been provided with guarantees and subordination agreements. If Pembina becomes unable to pay its debt service charges or otherwise commits an event of default, payments to the lenders under its Credit Facilities will rank in priority to dividends.
Although Pembina believes its existing Credit Facilities are sufficient for its immediate liquidity requirements, there can be no assurance that the amount available thereunder will be adequate for the future financial obligations of Pembina or that additional funds will be able to be obtained on terms favourable to Pembina, or at all.
Credit Ratings
Rating agencies regularly evaluate Pembina and base their ratings of its long-term and short-term debt and Class A Preferred Shares on a number of factors. This includes Pembina's financial strength as well as factors not entirely within Pembina’s control, including conditions affecting the industry in which Pembina operates generally and the wider state of the economy. There can be no assurance that one or more of Pembina's credit ratings will not be downgraded. A credit rating downgrade could also limit Pembina’s access to debt and preferred share markets.
Pembina's borrowing costs and ability to raise funds are directly impacted by its credit ratings. Credit ratings may be important to suppliers or counterparties when they seek to engage in certain transactions with Pembina. A credit rating downgrade may impair Pembina's ability to enter into arrangements with suppliers or counterparties, engage in certain transactions, limit

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Pembina's access to private and public credit markets or increase the costs of borrowing under its existing Credit Facilities. A credit rating downgrade could also limit Pembina's access to debt and preferred share markets.
Reliance on Management and other Key Individuals
Pembina is dependent on senior management and directors of the Company in respect of the governance, administration and management of all matters relating to Pembina and its operations and administration. The loss of the services of key individuals could have a detrimental effect on Pembina. Further, the costs associated with retaining key individuals could adversely affect Pembina's business opportunities and financial results. There is no assurance that Pembina will continue to attract and retain all personnel necessary for the development and operation of its business.
Aboriginal Land Claims and Consultation Obligations
Aboriginal people have claimed title and rights to a considerable portion of the lands in western Canada. The successful assertion of Aboriginal title or other Aboriginal rights claims may have an adverse effect on western Canadian crude oil and natural gas production or oil sands development and may result in reduced demand for Pembina's assets and infrastructure that service those areas, which could have a material adverse effect on Pembina's business and operations.
In Canada, the federal and provincial governments (the " Crown ") have a duty to consult and, where appropriate, accommodate Aboriginal people where the interests of the Aboriginal peoples may be affected by a Crown action or decision. Crown actions include the decision to issue a regulatory approval relating to activities that may impact the Aboriginal rights, interests or lands. The Crown may rely on steps undertaken by a regulatory agency to fulfill its duty to consult and accommodate in whole or in part. Therefore, the processes established by regulatory bodies, such as the AER, the BCOGC, the BCEAO and the NEB, often include an assessment of Aboriginal rights claims and consultation obligations. While the Crown holds ultimate responsibility for ensuring consultation is adequate, this issue is often a major aspect of regulatory permitting processes. If a regulatory body, or the Crown itself, determines that the duty to consult has not been appropriately discharged relative to the issuance of regulatory approvals required by Pembina, the issuance of such approvals may be delayed or denied, thereby impacting Pembina's Canadian operations.
In mid-2016, the Government of Canada issued changes to the CEAA Technical Guidance for Assessing the Current Use of Lands for Traditional Purposes. This technical guidance document is used with respect to "designated projects" as defined by the CEAA and the related regulations, including NEB-regulated onshore pipeline projects greater than 40 kilometres in length. These changes to the Technical Guidance lengthened the review timeline for projects subject to NEB review at the time of their release by approximately six months. These changes could therefore materially impact the amount of time and capital resources required by Pembina if it were to apply for approval to construct and operate a NEB-regulated pipelines project or other CEAA "designated project".
As described in "Regulation and Legislation" above, the Canadian federal government introduced Bill C-69 on February 8, 2018. If enacted, Bill C-69 would, among other things, replace the CEAA with the IAA, amend the National Energy Board Act (to be repealed and replaced by the CERA), the Fisheries Act and the Navigation Protection Act. A number of the federal regulatory process amendments pertain to the participation of Aboriginal groups and the protection of Aboriginal and treaty rights. The proposed amendments generally codify existing law and practice with respect to these matters. For example, decision makers would be expressly required to consider the effects (positive or negative) of a proposed project on constitutionally-protected Aboriginal rights, as well as Aboriginal peoples themselves, and ensure that consultation is undertaken during the planning phase of impact assessment processes. Bill C-69 would also create a larger role for Indigenous governing bodies in the impact assessment process (enabling the delegation of certain aspects of the impact assessment process to such groups) and require decision makers to consider Aboriginal traditional knowledge in certain cases. Bill C-69 is currently before the Senate, which has announced that it will undertake additional public consultation during 2019 with respect to the legislation and proposed amendments thereto. Pembina continues to actively monitor developments relating to Bill C-69 and other regulatory initiatives; however, as there can be no assurances that Bill C-69 will be passed in its current form, or at all, Pembina cannot predict the outcome of this or any other future regulatory initiatives on its operations at this time.
On February 14, 2018, the federal government announced that it will develop, in consultation with Aboriginal people (First Nations, Inuit and Métis), a Recognition and Implementation of Rights Framework (" Rights Framework "). The contents of the Rights Framework will be determined based on information obtained from engagement activities led by the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, which were undertaken between February and May 2018. The Canadian federal government initially

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intended to implement the Rights Framework and any associated legislation or policies before October 2019, but no such legislation has been proposed as of the date hereof. Pembina will continue to monitor and assess the impacts the Rights Framework may have on its business as legislation and/or policies continue to be developed.
In 2018, the British Columbia government enacted Bill 51 - 2018 Environmental Assessment Act (the " 2018 EA Act ") as part of its commitment to revitalize environmental assessment in the province and facilitate its commitment to implementing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ("UNDRIP"). The 2018 EA Act received Royal Assent on November 27, 2018 but is not expected to come into force until late 2019, after a number of policies and regulations required to support the legislation are developed. The 2018 EA Act is designed as a "consent-based" environmental assessment model and is intended to support reconciliation with Aboriginal peoples and the implementation of UNDRIP. The legislation requires the BCEAO to seek participating Aboriginal groups' consent with respect to, among other things, the decision to issue an environmental assessment certificate to a given project. While the 2018 EA Act does not strictly require consent in most cases, the legislation creates significant new participation opportunities for participating Aboriginal groups during the course of environmental assessments, which may increase the time required to obtain regulatory approvals and thereby impact Pembina's operations in British Columbia. Pembina continues to actively monitor the development of the regulations required to facilitate the implementation of the 2018 EA Act.
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Shareholders and other security holders of Pembina are dependent on senior management and the directors of Pembina for the governance, administration and management of the Company. Certain directors and officers of Pembina may be directors or officers of entities in competition to Pembina or may be directors or officers of certain entities in which Pembina holds an equity investment in. As such, certain directors or officers of Pembina may encounter conflicts of interest in the administration of their duties with respect to Pembina. Pembina mitigates this risk by requiring directors and officers to disclose the existence of potential conflicts in accordance with Pembina’s Code of Ethics and in accordance with the ABCA.
Litigation
In the course of their business, Pembina and its various subsidiaries and affiliates may be subject to lawsuits and other claims, including with respect to our growth or expansion projects. Defence and settlement costs associated with such lawsuits and claims may be substantial, even with respect to lawsuits and claims that have no merit. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, the resolution of any particular legal or other proceeding may have a material adverse effect on the financial position or operating results of Pembina.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Pembina's cash flows, namely a portion of its commodity-related cash flows, certain cash flows from U.S.-based infrastructure assets, and distributions from U.S.-based investments in equity accounted investees, are subject to currency risk, arising from the denomination of specific cash flows in U.S. dollars. Additionally, a portion of Pembina's capital expenditures, and contributions or loans to Pembina’s U.S.-based investments in equity accounted investees, may be denominated in U.S. dollars. Pembina monitors, assesses, and responds to these foreign currency risks using an active risk management program, which may include the exchange of foreign currency for domestic currency at a fixed rate.
Cyber Security
Pembina's infrastructure, technologies and data are becoming increasingly integrated, which creates a risk that the failure of one system could lead to failure of other systems. There is also a risk of a cyber-attack targeting the industry is also increasing. A breach in the security or failure of the Company's information technology could result in operational outages, delays, damage to assets or the environment, reputational harm, lost profits, lost data and other adverse outcomes. The Company's security strategy focuses on information technology security risk management, which includes continuous monitoring, threat detection and an incident response protocol.
Health and Safety
The operation of Pembina's business is subject to hazards of gathering, processing, transporting, fractionating, storing and marketing hydrocarbon products. Such hazards include, but are not limited to: blowouts; fires; explosions; gaseous leaks, including

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sour natural gas; migration of harmful substances; oil spills; corrosion; and acts of vandalism and terrorism. These hazards may interrupt operations, impact Pembina's reputation, cause loss of life or personal injury, result in loss of or damage to equipment, property, information technology systems, related data and control systems or cause environmental damage that may include polluting water, land or air.
Risks Relating to U.S. Tax Reform
On December 20, 2017, the U.S. Congress passed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the " TCJA "), which was signed into law by President Trump on December 22, 2017. The TCJA makes significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 , as amended, including, among other things, a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018.
INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS
To the knowledge of the directors and executive officers of Pembina, none of the directors or executive officers of Pembina, and no person or company that is the direct or indirect beneficial owner of, or who exercises control or direction over, more than 10 percent of the Common Shares, and no associate or affiliate of any of the foregoing, has had any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction with Pembina since January 1, 2015 that has materially affected Pembina, or in any proposed transaction that would reasonably be expected to materially affect Pembina.
MATERIAL CONTRACTS
Other than as set forth herein, no contracts material to Pembina and its subsidiaries were entered into during 2018 or 2019 to date or are currently in effect, other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS
Other than as set forth herein, there are no outstanding legal proceedings, or regulatory actions, penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body material to Pembina to which Pembina or any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries is or was a party or in respect of which any of the properties of Pembina or any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries are or were subject, during Pembina’s most recent financial year, nor are there any such proceedings, actions, penalties or sanctions known to be contemplated.
On October 14, 2016, Aux Sable Canada received an amended statement of claim filed against it by BP Canada Energy Company, BP Canada Energy Group ULC, BP Products North America, Inc., BP Energy Company and BP Canada Energy Marketing Corp. (collectively, " BP ") in the Court of Queen’s Bench (Alberta) claiming USD$350 million in relation to a dispute arising out of a product supply agreement among the parties. On January 5, 2017, Aux Sable filed a Statement of Defence with respect to this claim and BP filed a reply on January 31, 2017.
REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT
The registrar and transfer agent for the Common Shares, the Medium Term Notes and the Class A Preferred Shares is Computershare Trust Company of Canada, at its principal offices in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The co-transfer agent and registrar for the Common Shares in the U.S. is Computershare Investor Services U.S., at its principal offices in Golden, Colorado, U.S.
INTERESTS OF EXPERTS
KPMG LLP are the auditors of the Company and have confirmed that they are independent with respect to the Company within the meaning of the relevant rules and related interpretations prescribed by the relevant professional bodies in Canada and any applicable legislation or regulations and also that they are independent accountants with respect to the Company under all relevant U.S. professional and regulatory standards.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Additional information relating to Pembina filed with the Canadian securities commissions and the SEC can be found on Pembina's profile on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com, the EDGAR website at www.sec.gov, and on Pembina's website at

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www.pembina.com. Additional information, including directors' and officers' remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of Pembina's securities and securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, as applicable, is contained in Pembina's management information circular for its most recent annual meeting of Shareholders that involved the election of directors. Additional financial information relating to Pembina is provided in Pembina's Financial Statements and MD&A, which have also been filed on SEDAR and EDGAR.
Any document referred to in this Annual Information Form and described as being filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov (including those documents referred to as being incorporated by reference in this Annual Information Form) may be obtained free of charge from us by contacting our Investor Relations Department by telephone (toll free 1-855-880-7404) or by email (investor-relations@pembina.com).


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APPENDIX "A" – AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARTER

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I.    ROLE AND OBJECTIVES
The Audit Committee (the “Committee”) is a committee of the Board of Directors (the "Board") of Pembina Pipeline Corporation (the "Corporation") to which the Board has delegated certain oversight responsibilities relating to the Corporation’s financial statements, the external auditors, the internal audit function, compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and management information technology. In this Charter, the Corporation and all entities controlled by the Corporation are collectively referred to as "Pembina".
The Committee carries out its responsibilities with a view to the purpose of Pembina, and its role is to support Pembina’s commitment to providing sustainable industry-leading total returns to investors.
The objectives of the Committee are to maintain oversight of:
(a)
the integrity of Pembina’s financial statements, the reporting process and internal controls over financial reporting;
(b)    the relationship, reports, qualifications, independence and performance of the external auditor;
(c)    the internal audit function;
(d)    the financial risk identification, assessment and management program;
(e)     compliance with legal and regulatory requirements related to financial reporting and financial controls;
(f)    management of information technology related to financial reporting and financial controls; and
(g)
maintenance of open avenues of communication among management of the Corporation, the external auditors, the internal auditors and the Board.
II.    MEMBERSHIP AND ACCESS
The Board will appoint or reappoint members of the Committee. Each member shall serve until his or her successor is appointed unless the member resigns, is removed or ceases to be a director. The Board may add or remove members of the Committee or fill a vacancy that occurs in the Committee at any time.
The Committee must be composed of not less than three (3) members of the Board, each of whom must be independent pursuant to the Corporation's Standards for Director Independence and financially literate as determined by the Board using its business judgment. In addition, at least one member must be an "audit committee financial expert" within the meaning of that term under

 
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the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules adopted by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder. The Board Chair, in consultation with the Governance, Nominating and Corporate Social Responsibility Committee, will appoint or reappoint the Chair of the Committee from amongst its members.
The Committee may at any time retain outside financial, legal or other advisors as it determines necessary to carry out its duties, at the expense of Pembina. Pembina shall provide for appropriate funding, as determined by the Committee in its capacity as a committee of the Board, for payment of: (i) compensation to the external auditor for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attestation services for Pembina, (ii) compensation to any advisors employed by the Committee, and (iii) ordinary administrative expenses of the Committee that are necessary or appropriate in carrying out its duties.
In discharging its duties under this Charter, the Committee may investigate any matter brought to its attention and will have access to all books, records, facilities and personnel, may conduct meetings or interview any officer or employee, the Corporation's legal counsel, external auditors and consultants, and may invite any such persons to attend any part of any meeting of the Committee.
The Committee has neither the duty nor the responsibility to conduct audit, accounting or legal reviews, or to ensure that the Corporation's financial statements are complete, accurate and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"); rather, management is responsible for the financial reporting process, internal review process, and the preparation of the Corporation's financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and the Corporation's external auditor is responsible for auditing those financial statements.
III.    FUNCTIONS
A.
Pembina’s Financial Statements, the Reporting Process and Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
The Committee will meet with management, the internal auditor and the external auditor to review and discuss annual and quarterly financial statements, management's discussion and analyses (“MD&A”), the earnings press releases, and other financial disclosures and determine whether to recommend the approval of such documents to the Board.
(a)
In connection with these procedures, the Committee will, as applicable and without limitation, review and discuss with management, internal audit and the external auditor:
i.
the information to be included in the financial statements and financial disclosures which require approval by the Board including Pembina’s annual and quarterly financial statements, notes thereto, MD&A and earnings press releases paying particular attention to any use of "pro forma", "adjusted" and "non-GAAP" information, and ensuring that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the Corporation's public disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the financial statements;
ii.
any significant financial reporting issues identified during the reporting period;
iii.
any change in accounting policies, or selection or application of accounting principles, and their impact on the results and the disclosure;
iv.
all, significant risks and uncertainties identified and significant estimates and judgments made in connection with the preparation of Pembina's financial statements that may have a material impact to the financial statements;

 
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v.
any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses identified by management, internal auditors or the external auditor, compensating or mitigating controls and final assessment and impact on disclosure;
vi.
any major issues as to the adequacy of the internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies;
vii.
significant adjustments identified by management, internal auditor, or the external auditor and assessment of associated internal control deficiencies, as applicable;
viii.
any unresolved issues between management and the external auditor that could materially impact the financial statements and other financial disclosures;
ix.
any material correspondence with regulators, government agencies, any employee or whistleblower complaints, reports of non-compliance which raise issues regarding the Corporation's financial statements or accounting policies and significant changes in regulations which may have a material impact on the Corporation’s financial statements;
x.
the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives, as well as any off-balance sheet structures;
xi.
the competencies and performance of employees in the Corporation’s internal audit department and identify staffing needs;
xii.
significant matters of concern respecting audits and financial reporting processes, including any illegal acts, that have been identified in the course of the preparation or audit of Pembina's financial statements; and
xiii.
any analyses prepared by management and/or the external auditor setting forth significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of financial statements including analyses of the effects of IFRS on the financial statements.
(b)
In connection with the annual audit of Pembina's financial statements, the Committee will review with the external auditor:
i.
prior to commencement of the annual audit, plans, scope, staffing, engagement terms and proposed fees;
ii.
reports or opinions to be rendered in connection therewith including the external auditor's review or audit findings report including alternative treatments of significant financial information within IFRS that have been discussed with management and associated impacts on disclosure; and
iii.
the adequacy of internal controls, any audit problems or difficulties, including:
a)
any restrictions on the scope of the external auditor's activities or on access to requested information;
b)
any significant disagreements with management, and management's response (including discussion among management, the external auditor and, as necessary, internal and external legal counsel);
c)
any litigation, claim or contingency, including tax assessments and claims, that could have a material impact on the financial position of the Corporation; and

 
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d)
the impact on current or potential future disclosures.
In connection with its review of the annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements, the Committee will also review any significant concerns raised during the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") certifications with respect to the financial statements and Pembina's disclosure controls and internal controls. In particular, the Committee will review with the CEO, CFO, internal auditor and external auditor: (i) all significant deficiencies, material weaknesses or significant changes in the design or operation of Pembina's internal control over financial reporting that could adversely affect Pembina's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports that it files or submits under applicable securities laws, within the required time periods; and (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management of Pembina or other employees who have a significant role in Pembina's internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the Committee will review with the CEO, CFO and the internal auditor Pembina's disclosure controls and procedures and at least annually will review management's conclusions about the efficacy of disclosure controls and procedures, including any significant deficiencies, material weaknesses or material non-compliance with disclosure controls and procedures.
The Committee will also maintain a Whistleblower Policy, including procedures for the:
(a)
receipt retention and treatment of complaints received, including those regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters; and
(b)
confidential, anonymous submissions of concerns, including those regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters.
B.    The External Auditor
The Committee, in its capacity as a committee of the Board, is directly responsible for overseeing the relationship, reports, qualifications, independence and performance of the external auditor and audit services by other registered public accounting firms engaged by the Corporation. The Committee shall have the authority and responsibility to recommend the appointment and the revocation of the appointment of the external auditors engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services, and to fix their remuneration.
The external auditor will report directly to the Committee. The Committee's appointment of the external auditor is subject to annual approval by the Shareholders.
With respect to the external auditor, the Committee is responsible for:
(a)
the appointment, termination, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the external auditor engaged by the Corporation including the review and approval of the terms of the external auditors annual engagement letter and the proposed fees;
(b)
resolution of disagreements or disputes between management and the external auditor regarding financial reporting for audit, review or attestation services;
(c)
pre-approval of all legally permissible non-audit services to be provided by the external auditors considering the potential impact of such services on the independence of external auditors and, subject to any de minimis exemption available under applicable laws. Such approval can be given either specifically or pursuant to preapproval policies and procedures adopted by the committee including the delegation of this ability to one or more members of the Committee to the

 
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extent permitted by applicable law, provided that any pre-approvals granted pursuant to any such delegation may not delegate Committee responsibilities to management of Pembina, and must be reported to the full Committee at the first scheduled meeting of the Committee following such pre-approval;
(d)
obtaining and reviewing, at least annually, a written report by the external auditor describing the external auditor's internal quality-control procedures, any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years, respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the firm, and any steps taken to deal with any such issues and all relationships between the external auditors and the Corporation;
(e)
review of the external auditor which assesses three key factors of audit quality for the Committee to consider and assess including: independence, objectivity and professional skepticism; quality of the engagement team; and quality of communications and interactions with the external auditor. A written comprehensive review of the external auditor to be considered if required each year and completed at least every five (5) years which will include an:
i.
assessment of quality of services and sufficiency of resources provided by the external auditor;
ii.
assessment of auditor independence, objectivity and professional skepticism;
iii.
assessment of value of services provided by the external auditor;
iv.
assessment of written input from external auditor summarizing:
a)
background of firm, size, resources, geographical coverage, relevant industry experience, including reputational challenges, systemic audit quality issues identified by Canadian Public Accountability Board ("CPAB") and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB") in public reports;
b)
industry experience of the audit team and plans for training and development of the team;
c)
how the external auditor demonstrated objectivity and professional skepticism during the audit;
d)
how the firm and team met all criteria for independence including identification of all relationships that the external auditor has with the Corporation and its affiliates and steps taken to address possible institutional threats;
e)
involvement of engagement quality control review ("EQCR") partner and significant concerns raised by the EQCR partner;
f)
matters raised to national office or specialists during the review;
g)
significant disagreements between management and the external auditors and steps taken to resolve;
h)
satisfaction with communication and cooperation with management and the Committee; and
i)
findings and firm responses to reviews of the Corporation by CPAB and PCAOB;
v.
communication of the results of the comprehensive review of the external auditor to the Board and recommending that the Board take appropriate action, in response to the review, as required. It is understood that the Committee

 
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may recommend tendering the external auditor engagement at their discretion. In addition to rotation of the EQCR partner as required by law, the Committee, together with the Board, will also consider whether it is necessary to periodically rotate the external audit firm itself. It will be at the discretion of the Committee if the incumbent external auditor is invited to participate in the tendering process; and
vi.
setting clear hiring policies for Pembina regarding external auditor partners and employees and former partners and employees of the present and former external auditor of the Corporation. Before any external auditor partner, senior manager or manager is offered employment by the Corporation, prior approval from the Committee Chair must be received and a one year grace period must pass from the date any work was completed on a Pembina audit engagement before an external auditor employee can be considered for contract or employment by the Corporation.
C.
The Internal Audit Process
The Committee, in its capacity as a committee of the Board will carry out the following responsibilities with regard to the internal audit function:
(a)
review with management and the head of internal audit the charter, activities, staffing, and organizational structure of internal audit, including the performance of the internal audit function;
(b)
have final authority to review and approve the annual audit plan and all major changes to the plan;
(c)
annually convey its view of the performance of the head of internal audit to the Chief Executive Officer as input into the compensation approval process;
(d)
ensure there are no unjustified restrictions or limitations, and review and concur in the appointment, replacement, or dismissal of the head of internal audit; and
(e)
on a regular basis, meet separately with the head of internal audit to discuss any matters that the Committee or the head of internal audit believes should be discussed privately.
D.    Other
The Committee will also:
(a)
meet separately with management, the Chief Financial Officer, the internal auditor, the external auditor and, as is appropriate, internal and external legal counsel and independent advisors in respect of issues not elsewhere listed concerning any other audit, finance or financial risk matters;
(b)
review the appointment of the CFO and any other key financial executives who are involved in the financial reporting process;
(c)
review the Corporation’s information technology practices and developments as they relate to financial reporting;
(d)
from time to time discuss the staffing levels and competencies of the finance team with the External Auditor;

 
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(e)
review incidents, alleged or otherwise, as reported by whistleblowers, management, internal audit, the external auditor, internal or external counsel or otherwise, of fraud, illegal acts or conflicts of interest and establish procedures for receipt, treatment and retention of records of incident investigations;
(f)
assist board oversight in respect of issues not elsewhere listed concerning the integrity of the listed company's financial statements, the listed company's compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the independent auditor's qualifications and independence, and the performance of the listed company's internal audit function and independent auditors;
(g)
monitor the funding exposure of the Corporation’s pension plan;
(h)
receive and review reports from the Corporate Pension Committee at Pembina and recommend or approve changes as appropriate with respect to risk management of pension assets and liabilities, actuarial valuation as required by statute, the Statement of Investment Policies and Procedures, funding policy and corporate performance for the pension plans;
(i)
jointly with the Human Resources and Compensation Committee, report on the status of the pension plans to the Board at least annually; and
(j)
have the authority and responsibility to recommend the appointment and the revocation of the appointment of registered public accounting firms (in addition to the external auditors) engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services, and to fix their remuneration.
In addition, the Committee will perform such other functions as are assigned by law and the Corporation's by-laws, and on the instructions of the Board.
IV.    MEETINGS
The Committee will meet quarterly, or more frequently at the discretion of the members of the Committee, as circumstances require.
Additionally, the external auditor may call a meeting of the Committee provided the external auditor abides by the notice requirements set forth below.
Notice of each meeting of the Committee will be given to each member and to the internal and external auditors, who are invited to attend each meeting of the Committee. The notice will:
(a)    be in writing (which may be communicated by fax or email);
(b)
be accompanied by an agenda that states the nature of the business to be transacted at the meeting in reasonable detail;
(c)
be given at least 48 hours preceding the time stipulated for the meeting, unless notice is waived by the Committee members; and
(d)
if documentation is to be considered at the meeting, it should be provided seven (7) days in advance of the meeting if practicable, and in any event with reasonably sufficient time to review documentation.

 
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A quorum for a meeting of the Committee is a majority of the members present in person, by video conference, webcast or telephone.
If the Chair is not present at a meeting of the Committee, a Chair will be selected from among the members present. The Chair will not have a second or deciding vote in the event of an equality of votes.
At each meeting, the Committee will meet "in-camera", without management or internal or external auditors present, and will meet in separate sessions with each of the head of internal audit and the lead partner of the external auditor at least annually.
The Committee may invite others to attend any part of any meeting of the Committee as it deems appropriate. This includes other directors, members of management, any employee, the Corporation's internal or external legal counsel, external auditors, advisors and consultants.
Minutes will be kept of all meetings of the Committee. The minutes will include copies of all resolutions passed at each meeting, will be maintained with the Corporation's records, and will be available for review by members of the Committee, the Board, and the external auditor.
V.    ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
A.    Review of Charter
The Committee shall review and reassess the adequacy of this Charter at least annually or otherwise, as it deems appropriate, and propose recommended changes to the Governance, Nominating and Corporate Social Responsibility Committee.
B.    Review of Policies
The Committee shall review proposed changes to Board policies relating to the matters set out in this Charter, annually or as it otherwise deems appropriate.
C.    Financial Risk Management
The Committee shall provide oversight of financial risk management with respect to the areas outlined in this Charter.
D.    Evaluation
The assessment of the Committee shall be facilitated annually by the Board Chair.
E.    Reporting and Board Advisory Role
The Committee shall report regularly to the Board on its activities, including the results of meetings and reviews undertaken, and any associated recommendations. The Committee shall periodically facilitate and promote education of the Board with regard to the matters set out in this Charter, including education sessions with external consultants at the Committee’s discretion.
The Committee shall facilitate information sharing with other Board committees as required to address matters of mutual interest or concern in respect of matters set out in this Charter. The Committee will perform such other functions as are assigned by law and the Corporation's by-laws, and on the instructions of the Board.

 
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EXHIBIT 99.2
REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS
 
PEMBINACOLOURLOGOA05.JPG
Year ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. About Pembina
2. Financial & Operating Overview
3. Segment Results
4. Liquidity & Capital Resources
5. Capital Expenditures
6. Dividends
7. Selected Quarterly Information
8. Other
9. Accounting Policies & Estimates
10. Risk Factors
11. Non-GAAP Measures
12. Abbreviations
13. Forward-Looking Statements & Information
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basis of Presentation
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") of the financial and operating results of Pembina Pipeline Corporation ("Pembina" or the "Company") is dated February 21, 2019 , and is supplementary to, and should be read in conjunction with, Pembina's December 31, 2018 audited consolidated financial statements ("Consolidated Financial Statements"). The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), using the accounting policies described in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. All dollar amounts contained in this MD&A are expressed in Canadian dollars unless otherwise noted. Additional information about Pembina filed with Canadian and U.S. securities commissions, including quarterly and annual reports, Annual Information Forms (filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under Form 40-F), Management Information Circulars and annual and quarterly financial statements, can be found online at www.sedar.com, www.sec.gov and through Pembina's website at www.pembina.com.
Abbreviations
For a list of abbreviations that may be used in this MD&A, refer to the Abbreviations section of this MD&A.
 
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Pembina has identified several operating and financial performance measures that management believes provide meaningful information in assessing Pembina's underlying performance. Readers are cautioned that these measures do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A for a list and description, including reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, of such non-GAAP measures.
Risk Factors and Forward-Looking Information
The Company’s financial and operational performance is potentially affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the factors described within the Risk Factors and Forward-Looking statements & Information sections of this MD&A. This MD&A contains forward-looking statements based on Pembina’s current expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions. This information is provided to assist readers in understanding the Company’s future plans and expectations and may not be appropriate for other purposes.


1 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


1. ABOUT PEMBINA
Calgary-based Pembina Pipeline Corporation is a leading transportation and midstream service provider that has been serving North America's energy industry for over 60 years. Pembina owns an integrated system of pipelines that transport various hydrocarbon liquids and natural gas products produced primarily in western Canada. The Company also owns gas gathering and processing facilities and an oil and natural gas liquids infrastructure and logistics business. Pembina's integrated assets and commercial operations along the majority of the hydrocarbon value chain allow it to offer a full spectrum of midstream and marketing services to the energy sector. Pembina is committed to identifying additional opportunities to connect hydrocarbon production to new demand locations through the development of infrastructure that would extend Pembina's service offering even further along the hydrocarbon value chain. These new developments will contribute to ensuring that hydrocarbons produced in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin and the other basins where Pembina operates can reach the highest value markets throughout the world.
Purpose of Pembina:
To be the leader in delivering integrated infrastructure solutions connecting global markets;
Customers choose us first for reliable and value-added services;
Investors receive sustainable industry-leading total returns;
Employees say we are the 'employer of choice' and value our safe, respectful, collaborative and fair work culture; and
Communities welcome us and recognize the net positive impact of our social and environmental commitment.
Pembina's strategy is to:
Preserve Value by providing safe, environmentally conscious, cost-effective and reliable services;
Diversify by providing integrated solutions which enhance profitability and customer service;
Implement Growth by pursuing projects or assets that are expected to generate cash flow per share accretion and capture long-life, economic hydrocarbon reserves; and
Secure Global Markets by understanding what the world needs, where they need it, and delivering it.
Pembina is structured into three Divisions: Pipelines Division, Facilities Division and Marketing & New Ventures Division.
Pembina's common shares trade on the Toronto and New York stock exchanges under PPL and PBA, respectively. For more information, visit www.pembina.com.
Acquisition of Veresen Inc. ("Veresen")
On October 2, 2017, Pembina completed its acquisition of Veresen by way of a plan of arrangement pursuant to Section 193 of the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) (the "Acquisition"). Total consideration of $6.4 billion was comprised of $1.5 billion in cash, $4.4 billion of Pembina common shares and $522 million of Pembina preferred shares.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 2


2. FINANCIAL & OPERATING OVERVIEW

 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
($ millions, except where noted)
2018

2017 (1)

2018

2017 (1)

Revenue
1,726

1,716

7,351

5,400

Net revenue (2)
706

709

2,836

2,238

Operating expense
165

130

551

450

Realized (gain) loss on commodity-related derivative financial instruments
(5
)
42

51

94

Share of profit from equity accounted investees
129

116

411

116

Depreciation and amortization included in operations
101

112

391

359

Unrealized (gain) on commodity-related derivative financial instruments
(89
)
(14
)
(73
)
(23
)
Gross profit
663

555

2,327

1,474

General and administrative expenses (excluding corporate depreciation)
66

57

253

213

Net finance costs
56

71

279

185

Current income tax expense
8

29

70

48

Deferred tax expense (recovery)
139

(70
)
394

94

Earnings
368

445

1,278

883

Earnings per common share – basic (dollars)
0.66

0.83

2.28

1.87

Earnings per common share – diluted (dollars)
0.66

0.83

2.28

1.86

Cash flow from operating activities
674

523

2,256

1,513

Cash flow from operating activities per common share – basic (dollars) (2)
1.33

1.04

4.47

3.55

Adjusted cash flow from operating activities (2)
543

499

2,154

1,396

Adjusted cash flow from operating activities per common share – basic (dollars) (2)
1.07

0.99

4.27

3.27

Common share dividends declared
289

272

1,131

873

Dividends per common share (dollars)
0.57

0.54

2.24

2.04

Preferred share dividends declared
31

26

122

83

Capital expenditures
356

314

1,226

1,839

Acquisition

6,400


6,400

 
 
 
 
 
Proportionately Consolidated Financial Overview (2)(3)
Volumes (mboe/d) (4)(5)
3,453

3,250

3,398

3,050

Operating Margin (2)
800

749

3,154

1,922

Adjusted EBITDA (2)
715

674

2,835

1,697

(1)  
Financial results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization and adoption of IFRS 15.
(2)  
Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
(3)  
Refer to "Proportionately Consolidated Overview".
(4)  
Total revenue volumes. Revenue volumes are physical volumes plus volumes recognized from take-or-pay commitments. Volumes are stated in mboe/d, with natural gas volumes converted to mboe/d from MMcf/d at a 6:1 ratio. Volumes for 2017 have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.
(5)  
Average volumes for assets acquired in the Acquisition are calculated over the period following the Acquisition, rather than the full twelve months ended December 31, 2017, which would have resulted in average volumes of 2,608 mboe/d.


3 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Bridge Analysis of Earnings
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
($ millions)
CHART-E2C98A6BEAB54BD5054A01.JPG
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018
($ millions)
CHART-0F27E6D8E0DB5F6BB08.JPG
Financial Overview
Pembina delivered strong financial and operational results in the fourth quarter and full year of 2018 . Revenue in the fourth quarter of 2018 was $1.7 billion , consistent with the same period in 2017 . Strong demand for existing assets and increased utilization on assets placed into service in the prior year, was offset by lower revenue in the Marketing & New Ventures Division, due to lower crude and NGL market prices. Net revenue in the fourth quarter of 2018 was $706 million compared to $709 million in the same period in 2017 . The decrease in net revenue was largely due to the lower margins in the Marketing & New Ventures Division. Full year revenue was $7.4 billion for 2018 compared to $5.4 billion for the same period of 2017 . Net revenue was $2.8 billion for full year 2018 compared to $2.2 billion for the same period of 2017 . The increases for the full year were primarily driven by the full year contribution from the Acquisition, combined with the same factors impacting the fourth quarter offset slightly by higher average crude oil prices and increased sales volumes in 2018 .
Operating expenses were $165 million for the fourth quarter of 2018 compared to $130 million during the same period of 2017 . This increase was driven by higher repairs and maintenance, power costs and labour expenses. For the twelve months

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 4


ended December 31, 2018 , operating expenses were $551 million compared to $450 million in the same period of 2017 . This increase was due to the same factors impacting the fourth quarter combined with the full year of operations of the Alberta Ethane Gathering System ("AEGS").
Share of profit from equity accounted investees was $129 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 and $411 million year-to-date, compared to $116 million for both periods of 2017 . The increase in the fourth quarter is primarily due to strong performance at Aux Sable, which accounted for $17 million of the increase, benefiting from access to US markets which offer strong propane plus margins relative to Edmonton and a wide Chicago-AECO natural gas differential. This increase was partially offset by a financing gain recorded in Veresen Midstream during the fourth quarter of 2017 and later reversed due to debt renegotiations in 2018. On a year-to-date basis, the increase is primarily due to the full year contribution of the equity accounted investments acquired in the Acquisition.
Depreciation and amortization included in operations during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018 was $101 million and $391 million compared to $112 million and $359 million for the same periods in 2017 . The decrease in the fourth quarter was largely the result of useful life adjustments made during 2017 that resulted in $17 million in additional depreciation, offset by increased depreciation due to the larger asset base. The increase on a year-to-date basis was due to the year-over-year growth in Pembina's asset base with the system expansions in the Pipelines Division and new fractionation facilities and gas processing plants in the Facilities Division placed into service in late 2017, partially offset by $42 million in additional depreciation in 2017 related to the useful life adjustments mentioned above.
For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018 , the unrealized gain on the mark-to-market positions of commodity-related derivative financial instruments was $89 million and $73 million , respectively, compared to unrealized gains of $14 million and $23 million for the same periods in the prior year. The current year gains were predominantly driven by decreasing NGL and crude market prices during the fourth quarter of 2018 .
Gross profit for the fourth quarter of 2018 was $663 million compared to $555 million during the fourth quarter of 2017 . This increase includes a $46 million increase in the Pipelines Division, a $19 million increase in the Facilities Division and a $41 million increase in Marketing & New Ventures Division. The increases in the Pipelines and Facilities Divisions were primarily driven by strong demand on existing assets and increased utilization on assets placed into service in the prior year. The increase in the Marketing & New Ventures Division was due to higher net gains on commodity-related derivative financial instruments, combined with strong performance from Aux Sable. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 , gross profit was $2.3 billion compared to $1.5 billion in the same period of 2017 , primarily due to the full year contribution from new assets placed into service in 2017 and the assets acquired in the Acquisition, combined with the net gains on commodity-related derivative financial instruments, which were $93 million higher during 2018 .
For the three months ended December 31, 2018 , Pembina incurred general and administrative expenses (excluding corporate depreciation and amortization) of $66 million compared to $57 million during the comparable period of 2017 . This increase was due to increased salaries as a result of increased staff to support the growth in the Company's asset base. Year-to-date, Pembina incurred general and administrative expenses (excluding corporate depreciation and amortization) of $253 million compared to $213 million in the same period in the prior year. This increase was primarily driven by the same factors noted above.
Net finance costs incurred during the fourth quarter of 2018 were $56 million compared to $71 million for the same period in 2017 . This decrease was primarily due to a fair value gain on non-commodity-related derivatives compared to a loss in the same period in 2017 . For full year 2018 , net finance costs were $279 million compared to $185 million for the same period of 2017 . This increase was primarily due to higher average debt outstanding in 2018 following the Acquisition, and lower capitalized interest due to assets being placed into service.
Income tax expense for the fourth quarter of 2018 totaled $147 million , including current tax expense of $8 million and deferred tax expense of $139 million , compared to an income tax recovery of $41 million in the same period of 2017 , including current tax expense of $29 million and deferred tax recovery of $70 million . Current tax expense for the fourth quarter of 2018

5 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


was lower than the comparable period in 2017 mainly due to a one-time tax provision relating to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. Tax Reform”) that was recorded in 2017, partially offset by higher earnings before taxes in 2018 . Deferred tax expense for the fourth quarter of 2018 was higher than the comparable period in 2017 as a result of a deferred tax recovery in the comparable period which was attributable to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities in Pembina's U.S. entities due to the U.S. corporate tax rate reduction from 35 percent to 21 percent enacted under the U.S. Tax Reform . Income tax expense was $464 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 , including current taxes of $70 million and deferred taxes of $394 million , respectively, compared to income tax expense of $142 million in 2017 , including current taxes of $48 million and deferred taxes of $94 million , respectively, in the same periods of 2017 . For the full year 2018 the increases in current and deferred tax expense were due to the same factors noted above above and higher earnings before taxes as a result of the inclusion of a full year of operations from the Acquisition.
The Company's earnings were $368 million during the fourth quarter of 2018 compared to $445 million in the same period of 2017 . The decrease in the fourth quarter was a result of a $108 million increase in gross profit combined with a $15 million decrease in net finance costs, offset by $188 million increased tax expense and a $9 million increase in general and administrative expenses. Earnings attributable to common shareholders, net of dividends attributable to preferred shareholders, during the fourth quarter of 2018 were $337 million ( $0.66 per common share – basic and diluted) and $418 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 ( $0.83 per common share – basic and diluted). Earnings were $1.3 billion for 2018 compared to $883 million during the same period of the prior year. This year-to-date increase was due to $853 million increase in gross profit partially offset by $94 million increase in net finance costs, $322 million increase in income taxes and a $43 million increase in general and administrative expenses. On a year-to-date basis, earnings attributable to common shareholders, net of dividends attributable to preferred shareholders, in 2018 were $1.2 billion compared to $803 million in the same period of 2017 .
Cash flow from operating activities for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 was $674 million ( $1.33 per common share – basic) compared to $523 million ( $1.04 per common share – basic) during the fourth quarter of 2017 . The increase in the fourth quarter was mainly due to higher gross profit, a positive change in non-cash working capital, combined with higher distributions from investments in equity accounted investees. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 , cash flow from operating activities was $2.3 billion ( $4.47 per common share - basic) compared to $1.5 billion ( $3.55 per common share - basic) during the same period in 2017 . This increase was primarily due to higher gross profit, higher distributions from investments in equity accounted investees, partially offset by an increase in interest paid and change in non-cash working capital. Distributions from equity accounted investees increased $10 million quarter over quarter and $465 million year to date 2018 compared to 2017 .
Adjusted cash flow from operating activities for the fourth quarter of 2018 was $543 million ( $1.07 per common share – basic) compared to $499 million ( $0.99 per common share – basic) during the fourth quarter of 2017 . Cash flow from operating activities, net of changes in non-cash working capital, increased $45 million and was partially offset by the $11 million increase in preferred share dividends. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 , adjusted cash flow from operating activities was $2.2 billion ( $4.27 per common share - basic) compared to $1.4 billion ( $3.27 per common share - basic) in the same period of 2017 , largely due to a $808 million increase in cash flow from operating activities, net of changes in non-cash working capital, partially offset by the $39 million increase in preferred share dividends.
Capital expenditures were $356 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 as compared to $314 million during the same period in 2017 . For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 , capital expenditures were $1.2 billion compared to $1.8 billion during the same period in the prior year. The majority of spending in both 2018 and 2017 related to Pembina’s pipeline expansion programs. Please refer to disclosure under the heading "Capital Expenditures" in this MD&A for further detail.
Proportionately Consolidated Overview (1)  
In accordance with IFRS, Pembina’s investments in equity accounted investees are accounted for using equity accounting.  Under equity accounting, the assets and liabilities of the investment are net into a single line item on the Consolidated

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 6


Statement of Financial Position, Investments in Equity Accounted Investees. Net earnings from investments in equity accounted investees are recognized in a single line item in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Earnings, Share of Profit of Investments in Equity Accounted Investees. Cash contributions and distributions from investments in equity accounted investees represent Pembina’s share paid and received in the period to and from the investments in equity accounted investees.
To assist the readers' understanding and evaluation of the performance of these investments, Pembina is supplementing the IFRS disclosure with non-GAAP disclosure of Pembina’s proportionately consolidated interest in the investments in equity accounted investees. Pembina's proportionate interest in equity accounted investees has been included in operating margin and adjusted EBITDA and other reconciling items to share of profit. Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures." For comparison purposes, volumes have also been disclosed on a proportionately consolidated basis.
Volumes were 3,453 mboe/d in the fourth quarter of 2018 as compared to 3,250 mboe/d in the same period in the prior year. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 , volumes were 3,398 mboe/d compared to 3,050 mboe/d in the same period of 2017 . See table below under "Financial and Operational Overview by Division" for a breakdown by operating segment.
During the fourth quarter of 2018 , operating margin increased by seven percent to $800 million compared to $749 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 . This increase is largely the result of increased demand and utilization of assets placed into service in the prior year, partially offset by lower margins in the marketing business. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 , operating margin increased 64 percent to $3.2 billion compared to $1.9 billion for the same period in the prior year. These increases are due to the full year contribution from the Acquisition, combined with the same factors impacting the fourth quarter.
Pembina generated adjusted EBITDA of $715 million during the fourth quarter of 2018 and $2.8 billion for the full year compared to $674 million and $1.7 billion for the same periods in 2017 . These six percent and 67 percent respective increases were due to increased operating margin as noted above.
(1) Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
Financial and Operational Overview by Division
 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
 
2018
2017 (1)
2018
2017 (1)
($ millions)
Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Volumes (2)(5)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Pipelines Division
2,529

301

437

2,450

255

395

2,521

1,255

1,773

2,304

683

948

Facilities Division
924

155

238

800

136

186

877

574

899

746

429

596

Marketing & New Ventures Division (4)

203

121


162

166


484

468


353

369

Corporate

4

4


2

2


14

14


9

9

Total
3,453

663

800

3,250

555

749

3,398

2,327

3,154

3,050

1,474

1,922

(1)  
Financial results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization and adoption of IFRS 15.
(2)  
Pipelines and Facilities Divisions are revenue volumes which are physical volumes plus volumes recognized from take-or-pay commitments. Volumes are stated in mboe/d, with natural gas volumes converted to mboe/d from MMcf/d at a 6:1 ratio. Volumes for 2017 have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.
(3)  
Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
(4)  
Marketed NGL volumes are excluded from Volumes to avoid double counting. Refer to "Marketing & New Ventures Division" section for further information.
(5)  
Average volumes for assets acquired in the Acquisition are calculated over the period following the Acquisition, rather than the full twelve months ended December 31, 2017, which would have resulted in average volumes of 1,909 mboe/d for the Pipelines Division, 699 mboe/d for the Facilities Division and total average volumes of 2,608 mboe/d.


7 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


3. SEGMENT RESULTS
Pipelines Division
Business Overview
The Pipelines Division includes liquids and natural gas pipelines with a total capacity of approximately 3 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, serving various markets and basins across North America. The Pipelines Division is comprised of Pembina's conventional, transmission and oil sands and heavy oil pipeline assets. The primary objectives of the Division are to provide safe, responsible, reliable and cost-effective transportation services for customers; pursue opportunities for increased throughput; maintain and grow sustainable operating margin on invested capital by capturing incremental volumes; provide solutions to our customers; grow revenue; and follow a disciplined approach to operating expenses.
Pembina's conventional pipeline assets comprise a strategically located network of pipelines and related infrastructure including various hubs and terminals. This network transports crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids ("NGL") across much of Alberta and parts of British Columbia. The contracts for conventional pipelines are fee-for-service in nature, but vary in their structure, and include both firm and non-firm contracts and varying levels of take-or-pay commitments.
Pembina's transmission pipeline assets have developed through the strategic acquisition of key natural gas and specification ethane transportation infrastructure assets, positioned in some of the most prolific gas producing regions in western Canada and the United States. Pembina's transmission pipelines provide customers with access to premium markets primarily on a take-or-pay basis under extendible long-term contracts.
Pembina's oil sands and heavy oil assets provide services predominantly under long-term, extendible contracts, which allow for the flow-through of eligible operating expenses to customers. As a result, operating margin from these assets is primarily driven by the amount of capital invested and is predominantly not sensitive to fluctuations in certain operating expenses, actual throughput or commodity prices.
As part of the Corporate Reorganization, the following assets have been reclassified:
Vantage Pipeline has been reclassified from a conventional asset to a transmission asset within the Pipelines Division;
the Swan Hills System has been reclassified from a conventional asset to an oil sands asset within the Pipelines Division;
the Canadian Diluent Hub ("CDH") and the Edmonton North Terminal ("ENT") have been reclassified from the former Midstream operating segment to conventional assets within the Pipelines Division; and
AEGS, Ruby Pipeline and Alliance Pipeline, all formerly reported under the Veresen operating segment, are now transmission assets included in the Pipelines Division.
All other assets comprising the previous Conventional and Oil Sands Pipelines operating segments are also included in the Pipelines Division (as conventional or oil sands pipelines assets, respectively). All financial and operating results in this MD&A for all periods commencing on or after January 1, 2017 have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 8


Results of Operations
 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
($ millions, except where noted)
2018

2017 (4)  

2018

2017 (4)

Financial Overview
 
 
 
 
Revenue (1)   
403

350

1,588

1,136

Operating expenses (1)
120

98

396

330

Share of profit from equity accounted investees
74

72

279

72

Depreciation and amortization included in operations
56

69

216

195

Gross profit
301

255

1,255

683

Capital expenditures
188

211

711

1,328

Proportionately Consolidated Financial Overview (2)
 
 
 
 
Volumes (mboe/d) (3)(5)
2,529

2,450

2,521

2,304

Operating Margin (1)(2)
437

395

1,773

948

(1)  
Includes inter-Division transactions. See note 20 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)  
Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
(3)  
Revenue volumes, which are physical volumes plus volumes recognized from take-or-pay commitments. Volumes are stated in mboe/d, with natural gas volumes converted to mboe/d from MMcf/d at a 6:1 ratio. Volumes for 2017 have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.
(4)  
Financial results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization and adoption of IFRS 15.
(5)  
Average volumes for assets acquired in the Acquisition are calculated over the period following the Acquisition, rather than the full twelve months ended December 31, 2017, which would have resulted in average volumes of 1,909 mboe/d.
 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
 
2018
2017 (1)
2018
2017 (1)
($ millions, except where noted)
Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)
Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)
Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)
Volumes (2)(4)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)
Pipelines Division
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conventional Pipelines
897

182

220

796

138

186

878

776

922

688

439

579

Transmission Pipelines
566

86

176

567

84

170

570

352

694

565

110

213

Oil Sands
Pipelines
1,066

33

41

1,087

33

39

1,073

127

157

1,051

134

156

Total
2,529

301

437

2,450

255

395

2,521

1,255

1,773

2,304

683

948

(1)  
Financial results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization and adoption of IFRS 15.
(2)  
Revenue volumes are physical plus volumes recognized from take-or-pay commitments. Volumes are mboe/d and have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.
(3)  
Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
(4)  
Average volumes for assets acquired in the Acquisition are calculated over the period following the Acquisition, rather than the full twelve months ended December 31, 2017, which would have resulted in average volumes of 170 mboe/d for Transmission Pipelines and total average volumes of 1,909 mboe/d.
Operational Overview
The Pipelines Division continued to focus on the execution of various system expansions. The projects in the following table were recently placed into service and impact the Pipelines Division results.
Significant Projects (1)
In-service Date
Phase V Peace Pipeline Expansion
December 2018
Phase IV Peace Pipeline Expansion
December 2018
NEBC Pipeline Expansion
October 2017
Phase III Peace Pipeline Expansion
June 2017
Canadian Diluent Hub ("CDH")
June 2017
Edmonton North Terminal ("ENT")
Throughout 2017
(1)  
For further details on the Company's significant assets refer to the Pembina's Annual Information Form filed at www.sedar.com (filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov under Form 40-F) and through Pembina's website at www.pembina.com.
During the fourth quarter of 2018 , the Pipelines Division's volumes averaged 2,529 mboe/d, an increase of three percent compared to the same period of 2017 , when volumes were 2,450 mboe/d. On a year-to-date basis in 2018 , volumes increased

9 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


nine percent to an average of 2,521 mboe/d, compared to 2,304 mboe/d for the same period of 2017 . The increase in volumes was predominately the result of increased utilization on the Peace and Drayton systems including assets placed into service in the prior year. Certain volumes from integrated pipeline assets have been excluded from the calculation.
Financial Overview
During the fourth quarter of 2018 , the Pipelines Division generated revenue of $403 million , a 15 percent increase compared to the $350 million generated in the same quarter of the previous year. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 , revenue was $1.6 billion compared to $1.1 billion in the same period of 2017 . These increase s resulted from the same factors impacting volumes discussed above and the full year contribution from the Acquisition and new assets placed into service in mid 2017, on a year-to-date basis. For the fourth quarter of 2018 , $34 million of take-or-pay revenue in excess of physical deliveries has been collected and deferred. Revenue of $27 million related to take-or-pay deferrals was recognized during the period. For the twelve months ending December 31, 2018 , $133 million of take-or-pay revenue in excess of physical deliveries has been collected and deferred in addition to the $8 million that had been deferred at January 1, 2018. Revenue of $134 million related to take-or-pay deferrals was recognized during the period and outstanding deferrals as at December 31, 2018 are $7 million .
During the fourth quarter of 2018 , operating expenses were $120 million , an increase of $22 million over operating expenses recognized in the fourth quarter of 2017 . Year-to-date operating expenses totaled $396 million in 2018 compared to $330 million in the same period of 2017 . These increase s were primarily caused by increased repairs and maintenance costs driven by higher integrity and geotechnical spending as a result of a larger asset base, increased power costs as a result of higher power pool prices and increased consumption, and higher labour expenses associated with increased headcount.
Share of profit from equity accounted investees during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018 totaled $74 million and $279 million , respectively, compared to $72 million in both periods in the prior year. Share of profit during the fourth quarter was consistent with the prior year, while the increase on a year-to-date basis is due to the full year contribution from Alliance and Ruby as a result of the Acquisition. Pembina's share of profit from Alliance pipeline during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018 totaled $44 million and $160 million , respectively and $40 million for both periods in 2017 . Volumes remain consistent with the previous quarters of 2018 and continue to benefit from record reliability and strong demand on daily firm and interruptible services driven by capacity restrictions on alternative egress routes. This has created an oversupply of gas in the Alberta market, resulting in a wide Chicago-AECO natural gas differential. Ruby pipeline generated share of profit for the fourth quarter of $30 million and $118 million on a year-to-date basis, which represents the dividend received associated with the Company’s preferred interest.
Depreciation and amortization included in operations during the fourth quarter and full year 2018 was $56 million and $216 million , respectively, compared to $69 million and $195 million recognized during the same periods of the prior year. The higher depreciation in the fourth quarter of 2017 was due to certain useful life adjustments. The increase on a year-to-date basis was due to the additional assets placed into service throughout 2017.
Capital expenditures for the fourth quarter and full year 2018 totaled $188 million and $711 million , respectively, compared to $211 million and $1.3 billion for the same periods in 2017 . The majority of the 2018 spending is related to Pembina's ongoing Peace pipeline expansion. In 2017 the majority of spending related to Phase III expansion, ENT, CDH and the NEBC Expansion project.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 10


Proportionately Consolidated Financial Overview (1)  
Based on proportionate consolidation accounting for investments in equity accounted investees, operating margin was $437 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 compared to $395 million for the same period of 2017 . On a year-to-date basis, operating margin was $1.8 billion compared to $948 million for the same period in the prior year. These increases are due to the same factors impacting gross profit noted above, including the new assets placed into service and the Acquisition of equity accounted investments in Alliance and Ruby in the fourth quarter of 2017 . Operating margin derived from Alliance and Ruby (on a proportionately consolidated basis) in the fourth quarter of 2018 was $100 million and $53 million , respectively, and $381 million and $196 million on a year-to-date basis, compared to $91 million and $49 million for the same periods in 2017 .
(1) Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
New Developments
The Company's conventional pipelines continue to receive strong customer demand for transportation services which has resulted in a significant and ongoing build-out of pipeline systems to support the production growth in the Montney, Duvernay and Deep Basin resource plays.
Pembina's Phase IV and Phase V expansions of the Peace Pipeline system were both placed into service in December 2018, on-time and slightly over budget. The Phase IV expansion added approximately 180 mbpd of capacity between Fox Creek and Namao, Alberta, while the Phase V expansion debottlenecked upstream of Fox Creek, adding approximately 260 mbpd of capacity between Lator and Fox Creek, Alberta.
Pembina continues to progress its Phase VI Peace Pipeline expansion, which includes: upgrades at Gordondale, Alberta; a 16-inch pipeline from La Glace to Wapiti, Alberta and associated pump station and terminal upgrades; and a 20-inch pipeline from Kakwa to Lator, Alberta. This project is trending over budget, with an anticipated in-service date in the second half of 2019, subject to environmental and regulatory approvals.
Aligning with the Phase VI expansion, the Company is progressing the Wapiti Condensate Lateral, a 12-inch lateral, which will connect growing condensate volumes from a third-party owned facility in the Pipestone Montney region into Pembina's Peace Pipeline. Subject to regulatory and environmental approvals, this lateral is expected to be in service in the second half of 2019.
As previously announced in the quarter, Pembina is proceeding with the Phase VII Peace Pipeline expansion, which will include: a new 20-inch, approximately 220-kilometer pipeline in the La Glace-Valleyview-Fox Creek corridor, as well as six new pump stations or terminal upgrades, between La Glace and Edmonton, Alberta. Phase VII will add approximately 240 mbpd of incremental capacity upstream of Fox Creek, accessing capacity available on the mainlines downstream of Fox Creek. This project has an estimated capital cost of $950 million and is anticipated to be in service in the first half of 2021, subject to environmental and regulatory approvals.
As was recently announced subsequent to the quarter, Pembina is proceeding with the Phase VIII Peace Pipeline expansion, which will include: new 10 and 16-inch pipelines in the Gordondale to La Glace corridor as well as six new pump stations or terminal upgrades located between Gordondale and Fox Creek, Alberta. This project has an estimated capital cost of $500 million and is anticipated to be placed into service in stages starting in 2020 through the first half of 2022, subject to regulatory and environmental approvals.
Development continues on the previously announced NEBC Montney Infrastructure in proximity to the Company's Birch Terminal. This includes producer tie-in connections to Pembina's Birch Terminal as well as upgrades to the terminal including additional storage and pumps, along with minor site modifications. This new infrastructure is anticipated to be in service in Q3 2019, in conjunction with producer infrastructure availability.
On January 29, 2019, the Company’s primary shipper on the Ruby Pipeline, PG&E Corporation (“PG&E”), announced it has filed voluntary petitions under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. PG&E is currently expected to continue operations throughout the Chapter 11 proceedings and is seeking court approval to access debtor-in-possession financing to support operations. Pembina is working closely with its joint venture partner on the Ruby Pipeline to assess the potential impacts of

11 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


this announcement, but at this time has concluded that no impairment exists. PG&E continues to utilize their capacity on Ruby to support the energy needs of California residents. Pembina benefits from its 50 percent convertible preferred interest in the Ruby Pipeline which provides for distributions of US$91 million annually in priority to distributions on common equity.
Facilities Division
Business Overview
The Facilities Division includes natural gas processing and NGL fractionation facilities and related infrastructure that provide Pembina's customers with natural gas, condensate and NGL services.
Pembina's natural gas gathering and processing assets are strategically positioned in active, liquids-rich areas of the WCSB, and are integrated with the Company's other businesses. Pembina provides sweet and sour gas gathering, compression, condensate stabilization, and both shallow cut and deep cut processing services for its customers, primarily on a fee-for-service basis under long-term contracts. Virtually all of the condensate and NGL extracted through these facilities is transported by assets in Pembina's Pipelines Division. A significant portion of the volumes are further processed at Pembina's NGL fractionation facilities. In total, Pembina has gas processing facilities with approximately 6 bcf/d of net gas processing capacity (1) .
Additionally, the Facilities Division includes NGL fractionation, cavern storage, and terminalling (loading and off-loading services) facilities. These facilities are fully integrated with the Company's other divisions, providing customers across the WCSB and North America with the ability to contract for more than one service with Pembina and access a comprehensive suite of services to enhance the value of their hydrocarbons. In total, Pembina has fractionation facilities with 326 mboe/d of net fractionation capacity (1) , and approximately 14 mmbbls of liquids storage.
As part of the Corporate Reorganization, the following assets have been reclassified:
the Empress NGL Extraction Facility and the Younger NGL Extraction Facility have been reclassified from the former Midstream operating segment to gas services assets within the Facilities Division;
Burstall Ethane Storage, which was previously reported under the Veresen operating segment, is now classified as an NGL services asset included in the Facilities Division; and
Veresen Midstream, which was previously reported under the Veresen operating segment, is now classified as a gas services asset included in the Facilities Division.
All other assets comprising the previous Gas Services and Midstream operating segments are also included in the Facilities Division other than CDH and ENT (which are in the Pipelines Division) and commodity marketing activities, which are in the Marketing & New Ventures Division. All financial and operating results in this MD&A for all 2017 periods commencing on or after January 1, 2017 have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.
(1) Includes Aux Sable capacity, as further described below. The financial and operational results for Aux Sable are included in the Marketing & New Ventures Division; excludes projects under development.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 12


Results of Operations
 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
($ millions, except where noted)
2018

2017 (4)

2018

2017 (4)

Financial Overview
 
 
Revenue (1)
402

293

1,468

969

Cost of goods sold, including product purchases
137

80

462

197

Net revenue  (1)(2)
265

213

1,006

772

Operating expenses (1)
87

62

313

227

Share of profit from equity accounted investees
16

22

30

22

Depreciation and amortization included in operations
39

37

149

138

Gross profit
155

136

574

429

Capital expenditures
101

77

348

440

Contributions to equity accounted investees


58

1

Proportionately Consolidated Financial Overview (2)
 
 
 
 
Volumes (mboe/d) (3)(5)
924

800

877

746

Operating Margin (1)(2)
238

186

899

596

(1)  
Includes inter-Division transactions. See note 20 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)  
Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
(3)  
Revenue volumes which are physical volumes plus volumes recognized from take-or-pay commitments. Volumes are stated in mboe/d, with natural gas volumes converted to mboe/d from MMcf/d at a 6:1 ratio. Volumes for 2017 have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.
(4)  
Financial results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization and adoption of IFRS 15.
(5)  
Average volumes for assets acquired in the Acquisition are calculated over the period following the Acquisition, rather than the full twelve months ended December 31, 2017, which would have resulted in average volumes of 699 mboe/d.
 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
 
2018
2017 (1)
2018
2017 (1)
($ millions, except where noted)
Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Volumes (2)(4)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Facilities Division
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gas Services
683

83

146

606

80

108

664

301

554

577

239

323

NGL Services
241

72

92

194

56

78

213

273

345

169

190

273

Total
924

155

238

800

136

186

877

574

899

746

429

596

(1)  
Financial results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization and adoption of IFRS 15.
(2)  
Revenue volumes which are physical volumes plus volumes recognized from take-or-pay commitments. Volumes are stated in mboe/d, with natural gas volumes converted to mboe/d from MMcf/d at a 6:1 ratio. Volumes for 2017 have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.
(3)  
Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
(4)
Average volumes for assets acquired in the Acquisition are calculated over the period following the Acquisition, rather than the full twelve months ended December 31, 2017, which would have resulted in average volumes of 531 mboe/d for Gas Services and total average volumes of 699 mboe/d.

13 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Operational Performance
The Facilities Division continued to build-out its natural gas and NGL processing and fractionation assets, to service customer demand. The projects in the following table were recently placed into service and impact the Facilities Division results.
Significant Projects (1)
In-service Date
Cavern Storage
Throughout 2018 & 2017
Duvernay Complex ("Duvernay I")
November 2017
Third fractionator at Redwater ("RFS III")
June 2017
Terminalling for the North West Redwater Sturgeon Refinery
Throughout 2017
Veresen Midstream (2)
 
North Central Liquids Hub
June 2018
Saturn Phase II Gas Plant
January 2018
Saturn Phase I Gas Plant
November 2017
Tower Gas Plant (3)
September 2017
Sunrise Gas Plant (3)
September 2017
(1)  
For further details on the Company's significant assets refer to the Pembina's Annual Information Form filed at www.sedar.com (filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov under Form 40-F) and through Pembina's website at www.pembina.com.
(2)  
Investment in equity accounted investee, which Pembina has a 45 percent interest in as of December 31, 2018 . Results from Veresen Midstream impact share of profit from equity accounted investees and proportionally consolidated metrics. See note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(3)  
Asset placed into service prior to the Acquisition, however impacts financial and operating results following the Acquisition.
During the fourth quarter of 2018 , the Facilities Division's volumes averaged 924 mboe/d, an increase of 16 percent compared to the same period of 2017 , when volumes were 800 mboe/d. On a year-to-date basis in 2018 , volumes increase d 18 percent to an average of 877 mboe/d compared to 746 mboe/d for the same period of 2017 . These increases were caused by new volumes arising from a full year of operations from Veresen Midstream's Sunrise, Tower and Saturn facilities in 2018 , increased utilization at Duvernay I gas plant and Redwater complex, combined with higher volumes at the majority of the other facilities as customers continued to increase production in the resource basins where Pembina operates. Certain volumes from the integrated facilities assets have been excluded to avoid double counting.
Financial Overview
The Facilities Division realized $402 million in revenue during the fourth quarter of 2018 compared to $293 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 . On a year-to-date basis, revenue was $1.5 billion compared to $969 million for the same period in 2017 . The increase for the fourth quarter was primarily driven by increased utilization and demand. On a year-to-date basis, the Company benefited from the full year contribution from the third fractionator at Redwater, infrastructure that supports the North West Redwater Partnership’s refinery, the startup of the Duvernay I gas plant in the fourth quarter of 2017, increased take-or-pay commitments and additional customer volumes. For the fourth quarter of 2018 , no take-or-pay revenue was deferred and revenue of $1 million related to take-or-pay deferrals was recognized during the period. For the twelve months ending December 31, 2018 , $8 million of take-or-pay revenue in excess of physical deliveries has been collected and deferred. Revenue of $6 million related to take-or-pay deferrals was recognized during the period, and outstanding deferrals as at December 31, 2018 were $2 million .
Net revenue recognized during the fourth quarter of 2018 was $265 million and $1.0 billion on a year-to-date basis compared to $213 million and $772 million for the same periods in 2017 . These increases were due to increased revenues resulting from the operational items noted above.
During the fourth quarter of 2018 , Facilities Division incurred operating expenses of $87 million compared to $62 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 . On a year-to-date basis, operating expenses were $313 million compared to $227 million for the same period in 2017 . These increases were primarily caused by increased repairs and maintenance costs driven by higher transportation and field maintenance costs as a result of a larger asset base, higher power costs as a result of higher power pool prices and increased consumption, and higher labour expenses associated with increased headcount.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 14


Share of profit from equity accounted investees totaled $16 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 and $30 million on a year-to-date basis, compared to $22 million for the same periods in the prior year due to the Acquisition. The decrease in the fourth quarter is impacted by a financing gain of $24 million recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017 when Veresen Midstream negotiated a reduction in pricing on its outstanding debt facilities. Further debt renegotiations have resulted in the reversal of the prior year gain, included in share of profit from equity accounted investees in the first half of 2018. Veresen Midstream continues to recognize strong volumes following the Sunrise, Tower and Saturn facilities going into service late in 2017.
Depreciation and amortization included in operations during the fourth quarter and full year 2018 was $39 million and $149 million , respectively, compared to $37 million and $138 million recognized during the same periods in the prior year. These increases were primarily attributable to increased depreciation due to the addition of the Duvernay I gas plant, RFS III and the infrastructure that supports the North West Redwater Partnership’s refinery.
Capital expenditures for the fourth quarter of 2018 were $101 million and $348 million on a year-to-date basis, compared to $77 million and $440 million for the same periods in 2017 . Capital spending in 2018 was largely to progress construction on the Duvernay II, Burstall Ethane Storage, Redwater Cogeneration and on the progression of the Prince Rupert Terminal. In 2017 , capital spending was largely to progress the development in the Duvernay area as well as the construction of RFS III.
Proportionately Consolidated Financial Overview (1)  
Facilities Division realized operating margin, based on proportionate consolidation accounting for investments in equity accounted investees, of $238 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 compared to $186 million during the same period of the prior year. On a year-to-date basis operating margin was $899 million in 2018 and $596 million in the same period in 2017 . These increases were primarily the result of strong operational results following the Sunrise, Tower and Saturn facilities going into service in the fourth quarter of the prior year, combined with the factors mentioned above.
(1) Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
New Developments
Pembina continues with the construction of new fractionation and terminalling facilities at the Company's Empress, Alberta extraction plant for a total expected capital cost of approximately $120 million. Detailed engineering is on track and all major equipment purchases have been made. These facilities have an anticipated in-service date of late 2020.
The Company's one million barrel Burstall Ethane Storage facility located near Burstall, Saskatchewan was placed into service in January 2019.
Development continues at Pembina’s Prince Rupert LPG export terminal. The terminal is located on Watson Island, British Columbia and is expected to have a permitted capacity of approximately 25 mbpd of LPG. The LPG supply will be sourced primarily from the Company's Redwater complex. Detailed engineering is ongoing and early construction work continues. This project is anticipated to have a total capital cost of $250 million and is anticipated to be in service in mid-2020, subject to regulatory and environmental approvals.
Pembina continues to progress construction of Duvernay II, the 100 MMcf/d sweet gas, shallow cut processing facility, including 30,000 bpd condensate stabilization and other associated infrastructure. The facilities have an expected total capital cost of $290 million. Construction has commenced and the project continues to track on budget and schedule with an expected in-service date in Q4 2019.
As announced during the quarter, Pembina has executed further agreements which will see the Company construct and operate additional infrastructure ("Duvernay III") at the Company's Duvernay Complex. Duvernay III will include a 100 MMcf/d sweet gas, shallow cut processing facility (a replica of Pembina's Duvernay I and II gas plants) and 20,000 bpd of condensate stabilization and water handing infrastructure. Pembina expects the total capital cost to be $165 million with an anticipated in-service date of mid-to-late 2020, subject to regulatory and environmental approvals.

15 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Also announced during the quarter, the Hythe Developments project will see Pembina and its 45 percent owned joint venture, Veresen Midstream, construct natural gas gathering and processing infrastructure in the Pipestone Montney region. The infrastructure consists of: an expansion of up to 125 MMcf/d (57 MMcf/d net to Pembina), of sour gas processing at Veresen Midstream's existing Hythe facility; the construction, by Veresen Midstream, of a new, approximately 60 km, 12-inch sour gas pipeline and the construction, by Pembina, of various laterals. Collectively, the Hythe Developments have an estimated total capital cost of approximately $380 million ($185 million net to Pembina) and have an anticipated in-service date of late 2020, subject to regulatory and environmental approvals.
The previously announced Redwater co-generation facility is trending under budget and is expected to be placed into service in the first quarter of 2019.
Marketing & New Ventures Division
Business Overview
The Marketing & New Ventures Division strives to maximize the value of hydrocarbon liquids and natural gas originating in the basins where the Company operates.
Pembina seeks to create new markets, and further enhance existing markets, to support both the Company's and its customers' overall business interests. In particular, Pembina seeks to identify opportunities to connect hydrocarbon production to new demand locations through the development of infrastructure. Pembina strives to increase producer netbacks and product demand to improve the overall competitiveness of the basins where the Company operates.
Within the Marketing & New Ventures Division, Pembina undertakes value-added commodity marketing activities including buying and selling products (natural gas, ethane, propane, butane, condensate and crude oil), commodity arbitrage, and optimizing storage opportunities. The marketing business enters into contracts for capacity on both Pembina's and third-party infrastructure, handles proprietary and customer volumes and aggregates production for onward sale. Through this infrastructure capacity, as well as utilizing the Company's rail fleet and rail logistics capabilities, Pembina's marketing business adds incremental value to the commodities by transporting volumes to high value markets across North America. Financial and operational results in the marketing business are subject to commodity price fluctuations, product price differentials, location basis differentials, foreign exchange rates and volumes.
Pembina's marketing business also includes results from Aux Sable including a NGL extraction facility near Chicago, Illinois and other natural gas and NGL processing facilities, logistics and distribution assets in the United States and Canada.
The Marketing & New Ventures Division also currently includes the propylene and polypropylene facility ("PDH/PP Facility"), being developed by Pembina's joint venture, CKPC; and the proposed Jordan Cove LNG project.
As part of the Corporate Reorganization, the following assets have been reclassified:
CKPC's PDH/PP Facility, previously included in the former Midstream operating segment, is now included in the Marketing & New Ventures Division; and
Aux Sable and the proposed Jordan Cove LNG Project, which were both previously reported under the Veresen operating segment, are now included in the Marketing & New Ventures Division.
In addition, Pembina's commodity marketing activities, which were previously reported in the former Midstream operating segment, are now included in the Marketing & New Ventures Division. All financial and operating results in this MD&A for all periods commencing on or after January 1, 2017 have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 16


Results of Operations
 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
($ millions, except where noted)
2018

2017 (1)

2018

2017 (1)

Financial Overview
 
 
 
 
Revenue (2)
1,028

1,133

4,721

3,533

Cost of goods sold (2)
952

959

4,335

3,105

Net revenue (2)(3)
76

174

386

428

Share of profit from equity accounted investees
39

22

102

22

Realized (gain) loss on commodity-related derivative financial instruments
(5
)
42

51

93

Unrealized gain on commodity-related derivative financial instruments
(89
)
(14
)
(73
)
(22
)
Depreciation and amortization included in operations
6

6

26

26

Gross profit
203

162

484

353

Capital expenditures
46

23

134

57

Contributions to equity accounted investees

6


6

Proportionately Consolidated Financial Overview (3)
 
 
 
 
Volumes (mboe/d) (4)(5)
201

197

175

180

Operating Margin (2)(3)
121

166

468

369

(1)  
Financial results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization and adoption of IFRS 15.
(2)  
Includes inter-Division transactions. See note 20 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(3)  
Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
(4)  
Marketed NGL volumes. Volumes are stated in mboe/d. Volumes for 2017 have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.
(5)
Average volumes for assets acquired in the Acquisition are calculated over the period following the Acquisition, rather than the full twelve months ended December 31, 2017, which would have resulted in average volumes of 143 mboe/d.
 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
 
2018
2017 (1)
2018
2017 (1)
($ millions, except where noted)
Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin  (3)

Volumes (2)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Volumes (2)(5)

Gross Profit

Operating Margin (3)

Marketing & New Ventures Division
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketing
201

203

121

197

162

166

175

484

468

180

353

369

New Ventures (4)












Total
201

203

121

197

162

166

175

484

468

180

353

369

(1)  
Financial results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization and adoption of IFRS 15.
(2)  
Marketed NGL volumes. Volumes are stated in mboe/d. Volumes for 2017 have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.
(3)  
Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
(4)  
All New Ventures projects have not yet commenced operations and therefore have no results of operations.
(5)  
Average volumes for assets acquired in the Acquisition are calculated over the period following the Acquisition, rather than the full twelve months ended December 31, 2017, which would have resulted in average volumes of 143 mboe/d.
Financial Overview
The Marketing & New Ventures Division realized net revenue of $76 million during the fourth quarter of 2018 compared to $174 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 . The fourth quarter net revenue decrease of 56 percent was due to lower margins on commodity sales as a result of lower crude and NGL market prices compared to the same period in 2017 , combined with increased market-based intercompany fees. On a year-to-date basis, net revenue was $386 million compared to $428 million for the same period in 2017 . This decrease in net revenue of 10 percent is primarily due to the same factors impacting the fourth quarter , slightly offset by higher average crude prices and increased crude sales volumes during 2018 .
Share of profit from equity accounted investees for Aux Sable totaled $39 million and $102 million during the fourth quarter and full year 2018 , compared to $22 million for both the fourth quarter and full year 2017 . Gross profit recognized by Aux Sable during the 2018 periods benefited from access to US markets which offer relatively strong propane plus margins and a wide Chicago-AECO natural gas differential.

17 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Realized and unrealized gains on commodity-related financial derivatives during the fourth quarter of 2018 were $5 million and $89 million , respectively, compared to a realized loss of $42 million and an unrealized gain of $14 million , respectively, in the same period of 2017 . The fourth quarter gains were predominantly driven by decreasing NGL and crude market prices. On a year-to-date basis, realized losses were $51 million and unrealized gains were $73 million , respectively, in 2018 compared to a realized loss of $93 million and an unrealized gain of $22 million , in the same periods of 2017 . The decrease in the realized loss and increase in the unrealized gain were both impacted by decreasing commodity prices in 2018 . Pembina enters into commodity-related derivative financial instruments to protect margins in changing commodity price environments. Currently, Pembina has hedged approximately 23 percent of the Company's frac spread throughput for 2019 (excluding its interest in Aux Sable).
Capital expenditures for the fourth quarter of 2018 were $46 million and $134 million year-to-date, compared to $23 million and $57 million for the same periods in 2017 . Capital expenditures in the current year primarily relate to the Company's proposed Jordan Cove LNG project, which was acquired in the fourth quarter of 2017 as part of the Acquisition.
Proportionately Consolidated Financial Overview (1)  
Marketing & New Ventures Division realized operating margin of $121 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 compared to $166 million during the same period of the prior year. This decrease was due to the lower margins discussed above, offset by the swing to a realized gain on commodity-related financial derivatives, compared to the realized loss in the same period of 2017 . On a year-to-date basis operating margin was $468 million in 2018 compared to $369 million in 2017 . This increase was the result of the full year contribution from the equity accounted investment in Aux Sable.
(1) Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
New Developments
Subsequent to the quarter, Pembina along with Petrochemical Industries Company K.S.C. ("PIC") of Kuwait, announced a positive final investment decision to construct a 550,000 tonne per annum integrated propane dehydrogenation ("PDH") plant and polypropylene ("PP") upgrading facility ("PDH/PP Facility") through their equally-owned joint venture entity, Canada Kuwait Petrochemical Corporation. The PDH/PP Facility will be located adjacent to Pembina's Redwater complex and will convert approximately 23,000 bpd of locally supplied propane into polypropylene, a high value recyclable polymer used in a wide range of finished products including automobiles, medical devices, food packaging and home electronic appliances, among others. Pembina's net investment in this project is expected to be $2.5 billion with an expected contribution to annual Adjusted EBITDA of $275 to $350 million, net to Pembina. This project is expected to be in service mid-2023, subject to environmental and regulatory approvals.
Pembina continues to progress its proposed Jordan Cove LNG project that will transport natural gas from the Malin Hub in southern Oregon to an export terminal. The Company has received a Notice of Schedule that indicates the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC") will provide a decision not later than November 2019. Pembina continues to work with various state and other agencies to progress the project on a similar time line. In addition, as previously disclosed, the Company executed non-binding off-take agreements, for a total of 11 million tonnes per annum ("Mtpa"), which exceeds the planned capacity of 7.5 Mtpa. Pembina is working to conclude off-take agreements in the first quarter of 2019. Pembina continues to anticipate first gas in 2024, pending the receipt of the necessary regulatory approvals, a positive final investment decision and other requirements.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 18


4. LIQUIDITY & CAPITAL RESOURCES
As at December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Working capital (1)
(477
)
(128
)
Variable rate debt (2)




Bank debt
1,305

1,778

Total variable rate debt outstanding (weighted average of 3.2% (2017: 2.9%))
1,305

1,778

Fixed rate debt (2)




Senior unsecured notes
540

540

Senior unsecured medium-term notes
5,700

5,150

Total fixed rate debt outstanding (weighted average of 4.2% (2017: 4.3%))
6,240

5,690

Convertible debentures (2)

95

Finance lease liability
19

12

Total debt and debentures outstanding
7,564

7,575

Cash and unutilized debt facilities
2,372

1,063

(1)  
As at December 31, 2018, working capital includes $480 million (December 31, 2017: $256 million) associated with the current portion of loans and borrowings and convertible debentures.
(2)  
Face value.
Pembina anticipates its cash flow from operating activities, the majority of which is derived from fee based contracts, will be more than sufficient to meet its short-term and long-term operating obligations and fund its targeted dividends. In the short term, Pembina expects to source funds required for capital projects and contributions to investments in equity accounted investees from cash, its credit facilities and by accessing the capital markets, as required. Based on its successful access to financing in the capital markets over the past several years, Pembina believes it should continue to have access to additional funds as required. Refer to " Risk Factors – Additional Financing and Capital Resources " in this MD&A and note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 for more information. Management remains satisfied that the leverage employed in Pembina's capital structure is sufficient and appropriate given the characteristics and operations of the underlying asset base.
Management may make adjustments to Pembina's capital structure as a result of changes in economic conditions or the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. To maintain or modify Pembina's capital structure in the future, Pembina may renegotiate new debt terms, repay existing debt, seek new borrowing, issue additional equity and/or repurchase shares.
Pembina's credit facilities consist of an unsecured $2.5 billion ( December 31, 2017 : $2.5 billion) revolving credit facility which includes a $750 million accordion feature and matures in May 2023, an unsecured $1.0 billion non-revolving term loan which matures in March 2021, and an operating facility of $20 million ( December 31, 2017 : $20 million) due in May 2019 and is typically renewed on an annual basis. There are no repayments due over the term of these facilities. As at December 31, 2018 , Pembina had $2.4 billion ( December 31, 2017 : $1.1 billion ) of cash and unutilized debt facilities. At December 31, 2018 , Pembina had loans and borrowings (excluding deferred financing costs and finance lease liabilities) of $7.5 billion ( December 31, 2017 : $7.5 billion). Pembina also had an additional $69 million ( December 31, 2017 : $26 million ) in letters of credit issued pursuant to separate credit facilities. Pembina is required to meet certain specific and customary affirmative and negative financial covenants under its senior unsecured notes, medium-term notes, revolving credit, non-revolving term and operating facilities, including a requirement to maintain certain financial ratios. Pembina is also subject to customary restrictions on its operations and activities under its notes and credit facilities, including restrictions on the granting of security, incurring indebtedness and the sale of its assets.

19 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Pembina's financial covenants include the following:
Debt Instrument
Financial Covenant (1)
Ratio
Ratio at December 31, 2018
Senior unsecured medium-term notes
Funded Debt to Capitalization
Maximum 0.70
0.34
Revolving unsecured credit facility and non-revolving term loan
Debt to Capital
Maximum 0.65
0.34
EBITDA to senior interest coverage
Minimum 2.5:1.0
8.84
(1)  
Terms as defined in relevant agreements.
In addition to the table above, Pembina has customary covenants on its other senior unsecured notes. Pembina was in compliance with all covenants under its notes and facilities as at December 31, 2018 ( December 31, 2017 : in compliance).
Pembina continues to actively monitor and reassess the creditworthiness of its counterparties. Financial assurances to mitigate and reduce risk may include guarantees, letters of credit and cash. Letters of credit totaling $122 million ( December 31, 2017 : $110 million ) were held at December 31, 2018 , primarily in respect of customer trade receivables.
Financing Activity
On March 9, 2018, Pembina closed its $1.0 billion non-revolving term loan ("Term Loan") with certain existing lenders. The Term Loan has been used to partially repay existing amounts drawn under Pembina's $2.5 billion revolving credit facility, thereby providing additional liquidity, flexibility and interest cost savings. The Term Loan has an initial term of three years and is pre-payable at the Company's option. The other terms and conditions of the Term Loan, including financial covenants, are substantially similar to Pembina's $2.5 billion revolving credit facility. Concurrently, Pembina also completed an extension of its $2.5 billion revolving credit facility, which now matures May 31, 2023.
On March 26, 2018, Pembina closed an offering of $400 million of senior unsecured Series 10 medium-term notes (the "Series 10 Notes"). The Series 10 Notes have a fixed coupon of 4.02 percent per annum, paid semi-annually, and mature on March 27, 2028. Simultaneously, Pembina closed an offering of $300 million of senior unsecured Series 11 medium-term notes (the "Series 11 Notes"). The Series 11 Notes have a fixed coupon of 4.75 percent per annum, paid semi-annually, and mature on March 26, 2048. The net proceeds were used to repay short-term indebtedness of the Company under its credit facilities, as well as to fund Pembina's capital program and for general corporate purposes.
On April 4, 2018, Pembina entered into a note exchange agreement with AEGS noteholders to exchange AEGS senior notes for unsecured senior notes ("Series A") of Pembina under Pembina’s Note Indenture. The Series A fixed coupon remained at 5.565 percent per annum and the notes are non-amortizing with a bullet payment of $73 million at maturity on May 4, 2020.
On November 22, 2018, Pembina's $150 million senior unsecured medium term note 1A matured and was fully repaid.
On December 31, 2018, Pembina's Series F Convertible Debentures matured. At maturity, the outstanding principal of $1.6 million plus accrued and unpaid interest was settled in cash.
Financing Activities for Equity Accounted Investees
On March 29, 2018, Ruby Pipeline, L.L.C., in which Pembina owns a 50 percent preferred interest, amended the maturity date of its US$203 million 364-Day Term Loan, originally maturing March 30, 2018 to March 28, 2019. The Term Loan will continue to amortize at US$16 million per quarter (US$8 million per quarter net to Pembina), beginning March 30, 2018, until a final bullet payment of US$141 million (US$70 million net to Pembina) is payable on the amended maturity date, unless otherwise extended.
On April 20, 2018 Veresen Midstream, in which Pembina owns a 45 percent interest, successfully amended and extended its Senior Secured Credit Facilities which were originally scheduled to mature on March 31, 2020. Under the terms of the amendment and extension reached with a syndicate of lenders, Veresen Midstream increased its borrowing capacity to $200 million under the Revolving Credit Facility and to $2.6 billion of availability under the Term Loan A and used the proceeds to repay an existing US$705 million Term Loan B on April 30, 2018. Other terms and conditions in the facilities were modified to

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 20


reflect the operating nature of the business including modifying the covenant package and increasing the permitted distributions out of Veresen Midstream. The maturity date of the two debt facilities was extended to April 20, 2022.
At December 31, 2018, Pembina's Investments in Equity Accounted Investees had long term debt of $2.4 billion.
Credit Ratings
The following information with respect to Pembina's credit ratings is provided as it relates to Pembina's financing costs and liquidity. Specifically, credit ratings affect Pembina's ability to obtain short-term and long-term financing and the cost of such financing. A reduction in the current ratings on Pembina's debt by its rating agencies, particularly a downgrade below investment-grade ratings, could adversely affect Pembina's cost of financing and its access to sources of liquidity and capital. In addition, changes in credit ratings may affect Pembina's ability, and the associated costs, to enter into normal course derivative or hedging transactions. Credit ratings are intended to provide investors with an independent measure of credit quality of any issues of securities. The credit ratings assigned by the rating agencies are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell the securities, nor do the ratings comment on market price or suitability for a particular investor. Any rating may not remain in effect for a given period of time or may be revised or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency in the future if, in its judgment, circumstances so warrant.
Pembina targets strong 'BBB' credit ratings. DBRS rates Pembina's senior unsecured notes and senior unsecured medium-term notes 'BBB' and Class A Preferred Shares Pfd-3. S&P's long-term corporate credit rating on Pembina is 'BBB' and its rating of the Class A Preferred Shares is P-3 (High).
Contractual Obligations
Pembina had the following contractual obligations outstanding at December 31, 2018 :
 
Payments Due By Period
Contractual Obligations (1)
($ millions)
Total

Less than
1 year

1 – 3 years

3 – 5 years

After
5 years

Leases and other (2)
796

118

220

163

295

Loans and borrowings (3)
10,794

724

2,334

1,183

6,553

Construction commitments (4)
1,001

643

34

19

305

Advances to related parties (5)
96

96




Total contractual obligations
12,687

1,581

2,588

1,365

7,153

(1)  
Pembina enters into product purchase agreements and power purchase agreements to secure supply for future operations. Purchase prices of both NGL and power are dependent on current market prices. Volumes and prices for NGL and power contracts cannot be reasonably determined and therefore an amount has not been included in the contractual obligations schedule. Product purchase agreements range from one to 10 years and involve the purchase of NGL products from producers. Assuming product is available, Pembina has secured between 24 and 105 mpbd each year up to and including 2027. Power purchase agreements range from one to 25 years and involve the purchase of power from electrical service providers. The Company has secured up to 59 megawatts per day each year up to and including 2043.
(2)  
Includes office space, surface land, vehicles and approximately 3,000 rail car leases (supporting future propane transportation in the Marketing & New Ventures Division). The Company has sublet office space and rail cars up to 2027 and has contracted sub-lease payments for a potential of $85 million over the term.
(3)  
Excluding deferred financing costs. Including interest payments on senior unsecured notes.
(4)  
Excluding significant projects that are awaiting regulatory approval at December 31, 2018 and for which Pembina is not committed to construct.
(5)  
The Company has a contractual commitment to advance $96 million (US$70 million) to the Company's jointly controlled investment, Ruby Pipeline, L.L.C. by March 28, 2019.
Pembina is, subject to certain conditions, contractually committed to the construction and operation of Duvernay II, Redwater Cogeneration as well as certain pipeline connections and laterals and other corporate infrastructure. See "Forward-Looking Statements & Information" and "Liquidity & Capital Resources".

21 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


5. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
($ millions)
2018

2017 (1)

2018

2017 (1)

Pipelines Division
188

211

711

1,328

Facilities Division
101

77

348

440

Marketing & New Ventures Division
46

23

134

57

Corporate/other projects
21

3

33

14

Total capital
356

314

1,226

1,839

Contributions to equity accounted investees (2)

6

58

7

Acquisitions

6,400


6,400

(1)  
Financial results for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization.
(2)  
Contributions in 2018 are primarily contributions to Veresen Midstream.
For the three months ended December 31, 2018 , capital expenditures were $356 million compared to $314 million during the same three-month period of 2017 . For the twelve month s ended December 31, 2018 , capital expenditures were $1.2 billion compared to $1.8 billion during the same twelve month period of 2017 . Pipelines Division's capital expenditures were primarily related to Pembina's ongoing pipeline expansion projects. In 2018 , Facilities Division's capital expenditures were largely related to the construction on Duvernay II, the Burstall Ethane Storage, Redwater Cogeneration and the Prince Rupert Terminal. In 2017 , Facilities Division's capital expenditures were largely related to the development in the Duvernay area as well as the construction of RFS III. Capital expenditures in the Marketing & New Ventures Division in 2018 primarily related to the Jordan Cove LNG project.
6. DIVIDENDS
Common Share Dividends
Common share dividends are payable if, as, and when declared by Pembina's Board of Directors. The amount and frequency of dividends declared and payable is at the discretion of the Board of Directors, which considers earnings, cash flow, capital requirements, the financial condition of Pembina and other relevant factors when making its dividend determination.
On May 3, 2018, Pembina's Board of Directors approved a 5.6 percent increase in its monthly common share dividend rate (from $0.18 per common share to $0.19 per common share), commencing with the dividend paid on June 15, 2018.
Preferred Share Dividends
The holders of Pembina's Class A Preferred Shares are entitled to receive fixed cumulative dividends. Dividends on the Series 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 21 preferred shares are payable quarterly on the 1st day of March, June, September and December, if, as and when declared by the Board of Directors of Pembina, for the initial fixed-rate period for each series of preferred share. Dividends on the preferred shares Series 15, 17 and 19 are payable on the last day of March, June, September and December in each year, if, as and when declared by the Board of Directors.
On November 16, 2018, Pembina announced that none of the 10 million Cumulative Redeemable Rate Reset Class A Preferred Series 1 shares outstanding would be converted into Cumulative Redeemable Floating Rate Class A Preferred Series 2 shares. For more information on the terms of, and risks associated with an investment in, the Series 1 Shares and the Series 2 Shares, please see the prospectus supplement dated July 19, 2013 and the news release dated November 16, 2018.
On January 30, 2019, Pembina announced that it does not intend to exercise its right to redeem the six million Cumulative Redeemable Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares, Series 3 ("Series 3 Shares") shares outstanding on March 1, 2019 (the "Conversion Date"). For more information on the terms of, and risks associated with an investment in, the Series 3 Shares

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 22


and the Series 4 Shares, please see the prospectus supplement dated September 25, 2013 and the news release dated January 30, 2019.
DRIP
Pembina suspended its Premium Dividend™ and Dividend Reinvestment Plan ("DRIP") effective April 25, 2017. Accordingly, the March 2017 dividend was the last dividend with the ability to be reinvested through the DRIP. Shareholders who were enrolled in the program automatically receive dividends in the form of cash. If Pembina elects to reinstate the DRIP in the future, shareholders that were enrolled in the DRIP at suspension and remain enrolled at reinstatement will automatically resume participation in the DRIP.
7. SELECTED QUARTERLY INFORMATION
Selected Quarterly Operating Information
(mboe/d unless stated otherwise)
2018
2017 (3)(4)
 
Q4

Q3

Q2

Q1

Q4

Q3

Q2

Q1

Volumes (1)(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pipelines Division
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conventional Pipelines
897

946

900

766

796

715

620

617

Transmission Pipelines
566

571

559

584

567

38

36

35

Oil Sands Pipelines
1,066

1,076

1,077

1,074

1,087

1,087

1,015

1,015

Facilities Division
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gas Services
683

669

650

636

606

486

485

545

NGL Services
241

203

199

206

194

188

133

159

Total
3,453

3,465

3,385

3,266

3,250

2,514

2,289

2,371

(1)  
Pipelines and Facilities Division are revenue volumes which are physical volumes plus volumes recognized from take-or-pay commitments. Volumes are stated in mboe/d, with natural gas volumes converted to mboe/d from MMcf/d at a 6:1 ratio.
(2)  
Includes Pembina's proportionate share of results from equity accounted investees.
(3)  
2017 volumes have been restated for the Corporate Reorganization and to exclude compression volumes relating to Veresen Midstream.
(4)  
Average volumes for assets acquired in the Acquisition are calculated over the period following the Acquisition, rather than the full twelve months ended December 31, 2017.
Quarterly Segmented Operating Margin (1)  
($ millions)
CHART-D927FC6639C7F77B49BA01.JPG
(1) Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".

23 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Quarterly Financial Information
($ millions, except where noted)
2018
2017
 
Q4

Q3

Q2 (2)

Q1

Q4

Q3 (2)

Q2

Q1 (2)

Revenue
1,726

2,045

1,743

1,837

1,716

1,151

1,159

1,374

Net revenue (1)
706

742

669

719

709

536

444

549

Operating expenses
165

136

100

150

130

112

101

107

Realized (gain) loss on commodity-related derivative financial instruments
(5
)
29

9

18

42

17

(5
)
40

Share of profit from equity accounted investees
129

110

96

76

116




Gross profit
663

585

511

568

555

274

269

376

Earnings
368

334

246

330

445

111

117

210

Earnings per common share – basic (dollars)
0.66

0.60

0.43

0.59

0.83

0.23

0.24

0.48

Earnings per common share – diluted (dollars)
0.66

0.60

0.42

0.59

0.83

0.23

0.24

0.48

Cash flow from operating activities
674

481

603

498

523

302

362

326

Cash flow from operating activities per common share – basic (dollars) (1)
1.33

0.95

1.20

0.99

1.04

0.75

0.90

0.82

Adjusted cash flow from operating activities (1)
543

523

558

530

499

314

275

308

Adjusted cash flow from operating activities per common share – basic (1)   (dollars)
1.07

1.03

1.11

1.05

0.99

0.78

0.68

0.77

Common shares outstanding (millions) :
 
 
 
 
 






Weighted average – basic
507

506

504

503

502

403

401

398

Weighted average – diluted
509

509

508

508

507

404

403

400

End of period
508

506

504

503

503

403

403

400

Common share dividends declared
289

288

282

272

272

205

205

191

Dividends per common share
0.57

0.57

0.56

0.54

0.54

0.51

0.51

0.48

Preferred share dividends declared
31

30

31

30

26

19

19

19

Capital expenditures
356

291

255

324

314

341

475

709

Contributions to equity accounted investees



58

6


1


Proportionately Consolidated Financial Overview
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating margin (1)
800

810

787

757

749

413

353

407

Adjusted EBITDA (1)
715

732

700

688

674

369

297

358

(1)  
Refer to "Non-GAAP Measures".
(2)  
Pembina corrected revenue and costs of goods sold in the Marketing & New Ventures Division. The adjustments reduce revenue and cost of goods sold for the quarters ending June 30, 2018 ( $202 million ) and March 31, 2017 ( $106 million ) and increase revenue and cost of goods sold for the quarter ending September 30, 2017 ( $106 million ). There was no impact to earnings as a result of the adjustments.
During the periods in the table above, Pembina's results were impacted by the following factors and trends:
The Acquisition on October 2, 2017;
Increased production in key operating areas and resource plays within the WCSB (Deep Basin, Montney and Duvernay) which has supported increased revenue and sales volumes on Pembina's existing assets in the Pipelines and Facilities Divisions;
New large-scale growth projects across Pembina's business being placed into service;
Volatility in commodity market prices impacting margins within the marketing business, partially mitigated through Pembina's risk management program;
Lower income tax rates on U.S. operations following the enactment of U.S. Tax Reform legislation in December 2017;
Higher net finance costs associated with debt related to acquisitions and growth projects; and
Increased common and preferred shares outstanding and corresponding dividends due to the Acquisition.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 24


8. OTHER
Changes in Reporting
Over the past few years, Pembina has experienced transformational growth. From 2015 through 2017, the Company placed approximately $8 billion of new projects into service. Furthermore, in 2017, the Company completed the multi-billion dollar Veresen Acquisition. Given the enhanced scale and scope of Pembina's business and considering the future needs of both the Company and the energy industry, Pembina's management structure was reorganized, effective January 1, 2018, into three Divisions: Pipelines, Facilities and Marketing & New Ventures ("Corporate Reorganization").
Accordingly, the Company's financial reporting format has changed to better align with the new structure. The new organizational structure and reporting format provides a number of benefits including consistency between how Pembina's business is managed and how results are reported; the placement of like assets together within the same reporting segment; the creation of centres of excellence, which will increase operating reliability and cost efficiencies; and the establishment of a separate reporting segment for Pembina's commodity marketing activities and the development of larger-scale, value-chain extension projects.
Pembina also retrospectively adopted IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("IFRS 15"), effective January 1, 2018. While this change has not had material impact on annual revenue recognition, it has resulted in a change in timing for quarterly revenue recognition.
For the fourth quarter of 2018, $34 million of take-or-pay revenue in excess of physical deliveries has been collected and deferred and revenue of $28 million related to take-or-pay deferral was recognized during the period.
For the twelve months ending December 31, 2018, $141 million of take-or-pay revenue in excess of physical deliveries has been collected and deferred in addition to the $8 million that had been deferred at January 1, 2018. Revenue of $140 million related to take-or-pay deferral was recognized during the period, and the outstanding deferral as at December 31, 2018 was $9 million.
Financial results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization and the retrospective adoption of IFRS 15.
Selected Annual Financial Information
($ millions, except where noted)
2018

2017 (1)

2016 (3)(4)

Revenue
7,351

5,400

4,148

Earnings
1,278

883

466

Per common share - basic (dollars)
2.28

1.87

1.02

Per common share - diluted (dollars)
2.28

1.86

1.01

Total assets
26,664

25,566

15,017

Long-term financial liabilities (2)
7,996

8,199

4,832

Declared dividends per common share ($ per share)
2.24

2.04

1.90

Preferred share dividends declared
122

83

69

(1)  
Financial results reported for all 2017 periods have been restated to reflect the Corporate Reorganization and adoption of IFRS 15.
(2)  
Includes long-term loans and borrowings, long-term convertible debentures, long-term derivative financial instruments, contract liabilities, provisions and employee benefits, share-based payments, taxes payable and other liabilities.
(3)  
Financial results reported for all 2016 periods have not been restated to reflect the adoption of IFRS 15.
(4)  
Pembina corrected revenue and costs of goods sold in the Marketing & New Ventures Division. The adjustment reduces revenue and cost of goods sold by $117 million. There was no impact to earnings as a result of the adjustments.
Related Party Transactions
Pembina enters into transactions with related parties in the normal course of business. These transactions primarily include advancing funds to equity accounted investees, providing management, administrative, operational and workforce related services to various affiliates. These services are provided under separate consulting services agreements with no profit or

25 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


margin charged for the services delivered. For more information on these transactions and for a summary of Key Management Personnel and Director Compensation, refer to Note 28 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
U.S. Tax Reform
The U.S. Tax Reform was substantively enacted on December 22, 2017 with the majority of the legislation effective January 1, 2018. In 2017, Pembina recorded the tax impact of the corporate tax rate reduction from 35 percent to 21 percent resulting in a deferred tax recovery of $196 million and recognized a one-time deemed mandatory repatriation tax of approximately $30 million . This amount was reduced by $8 million in 2018 due to revisions made in the calculation. Pembina is continuing to analyze the impact of the provisions enacted in the U.S. Tax Reform as regulations and guidance from the U.S. Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service are released. Pembina recorded a $3 million current tax expense for the Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (“BEAT”). BEAT is an additional minimum tax imposed on U.S. corporations that make certain payments to foreign related parties.
Pension Liability
Pembina maintains a defined contribution plan and non-contributory defined benefit pension plans covering employees and retirees. The defined benefit plans include a funded registered plan for all qualified employees and an unfunded supplemental retirement plan for those employees affected by the Canada Revenue Agency maximum pension limits. At the end of 2018 , the pension plans carried a net obligation of $31 million compared to a net obligation of $21 million at the end of 2017 . At December 31, 2018 , plan obligations amounted to $224 million ( 2017 : $203 million ) compared to plan assets of $193 million ( 2017 : $182 million ). In 2018 , the pension plans' expense was $15 million ( 2017 : $14 million ). Pembina's contributions to the pension plans totaled $19 million in 2018 ( 2017 : $16 million ).
Disclosure Controls and Procedures ("DC&P") and Internal Controls over Financial Reporting ("ICFR")
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Pembina maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in Pembina's filings is reviewed, recognized and disclosed accurately and in the appropriate time period.
An evaluation, as at December 31, 2018 , of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Pembina's disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a - 15(e) and 15d - 15(e) under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 , as amended (the "Exchange Act") and National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuer's Annual and Interim Filings ("NI 52-109"), was carried out by management, including the Chief Executive Offer ("CEO") and the Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"). Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the design and operation of Pembina's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as at December 31, 2018 to ensure that material information relating to the Company is made known to the CEO and CFO by others.
It should be noted that while the CEO and CFO believe that Pembina's disclosure controls and procedures provide a reasonable level of assurance that they are effective, they do not expect that Pembina's disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived or operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Pembina maintains internal control over financial reporting which is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS.
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f) under the Exchange Act and under NI 52-109.
Management, including the CEO and the CFO, has conducted an evaluation of Pembina's internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 26


Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on management's assessment as at December 31, 2018 , the CEO and CFO have concluded that Pembina's internal control over financial reporting is effective.
Due to its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of Pembina's financial statements would be prevented or detected. Further, the evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting was made as at a specific date, and continued effectiveness in future periods is subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate.
The effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2018 was audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, which is included in this 2018 Annual Report to shareholders.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year covered by the Consolidated Financial Statements that has materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Pembina's internal control over financial reporting.
9. ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Changes in accounting policies
New standards adopted in 2018
Except for the changes as described below, accounting policies as disclosed in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements have been applied to all periods consistently.
The Company has retrospectively adopted IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers effective January 1, 2018.
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
a.
Transition
IFRS 15 establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is recognized, and has replaced IAS 18 Revenue and related interpretations. The Company adopted IFRS 15 at the date of initial application of January 1, 2018, and has applied IFRS 15 retrospectively, restating the reported comparative period. In determining the restated values, the Company used the practical expedient to not restate contracts that began and ended in the same annual reporting period. No significant impact was identified as a result of the practical expedient applied on transition.
b.
Consolidated financial statement impacts
An opening Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at January 1, 2017 has not been presented as the impact of the adoption of IFRS 15 on the opening Consolidated Statement of Financial Position is immaterial.
The following table presents the impact of adopting IFRS 15 on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income and the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2017 for each of the line items affected.
i.
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
As at December 31, 2017
 
 
 
($ millions)
Previously Reported

Adjustments

Restated

Trade payables and accrued liabilities
713

(36
)
677

Contract liabilities

44

44

Deficit
(2,075
)
(8
)
(2,083
)

27 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


ii.
Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income
For the year ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
($ millions)
Previously Reported

Adjustments

Restated

Revenue
5,408

(8
)
5,400

Earnings before income tax
1,033

(8
)
1,025

Earnings attributable to shareholders
891

(8
)
883

Basic earnings per common share
1.89

(0.02
)
1.87

Diluted earnings per common share
1.88

(0.02
)
1.86

iii.
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For the year ended December 31, 2017
 
($ millions)
Previously Reported

Adjustments

Restated

Cash provided by (used in)
 
 
 
Operating activities
 
 
 
Earnings
891

(8
)
883

Net change in contract liabilities
33

8

41

Cash flow from operating activities
1,513


1,513

c.
Accounting policies
The details of significant accounting policies under IFRS 15 and the nature of the changes to previous accounting policies under IAS 18 are outlined below.
Take-or-Pay
The Company provides transportation, gas processing, fractionation, terminalling, and storage services under take-or-pay contracts. In a take-or-pay contract, the Company is entitled to a minimum fee for the firm service promised to a customer over the contract period, regardless of actual volumes transported, processed, or stored. This minimum fee can be represented as a set fee for an annual minimum volume, or an annual minimum revenue requirement. In addition, these contracts may include variable consideration for operating costs that are flow through to the customer.
The Company satisfies its performance obligations and recognizes revenue for services under take-or-pay commitments when volumes are transported, processed, or stored. Make-up rights may arise when a customer does not fulfill their minimum volume commitment in a certain period, but is allowed to use the delivery of future volumes to meet this commitment. These make-up rights are subject to expiry and have varying conditions associated with them. Under IFRS 15, when contract terms allow a customer to exercise their make-up rights using firm volume commitments, revenue is not recognized until these make-up rights are used, expire, or management determines that it is remote that they will be utilized. If the Company bills a customer for unused service in an earlier period and the customer utilizes available make-up rights, the Company records a refund liability for the amount to be returned to the customer through an annual adjustment process. For contracts where no make-up rights exist, revenue is recognized to take-or-pay levels once Pembina has an enforceable right to payment for the take-or-pay volumes. Make-up rights generally expire within a contract year, and the majority of the related contract years follow the calendar year.
Under the previously utilized IAS 18, revenue was recognized based on capacity provided under contracted firm service rather than volumes transported, processed, or stored. This resulted in revenue being recognized to take-or-pay levels once firm service had been provided for all contracts. As a result of IFRS 15 adoption, when customers are transporting, processing, or storing volumes below their take-or-pay commitments early in a contract year, and the customer has the right to exercise their make up rights against future firm volume commitments, there will be a change to the timing of revenue recognition. Where the Company has a right to invoice to take-or-pay levels throughout the contract year, revenue is deferred and a contract

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 28


liability is recorded for the volumes invoiced that were not utilized by the customer. Once the customers has used its make-up rights or it is determined to be remote that a customer will use them, the previously deferred revenue is recognized. In these instances, there will be a deferral of revenue in early quarters of the year, with subsequent recognition occurring in later quarters although there is no impact on cash flows. The change did not have a significant impact on annual revenue recognition as the majority of related contracts have make-up rights that expire within a given calendar year.
For certain arrangements where the customer does not have make-up rights, where the make-up rights have been determined to be insignificant, and for cost of service agreements, revenue is recognized using the practical expedient to recognize revenue in an amount equal to the Company's right to invoice. For these arrangements, the consideration the Company is entitled to invoice in each period is representative of the value provided to the customer. There is no change to how revenue is recognized for these contracts under IFRS 15 compared to IAS 18.
When up-front payments or non-cash consideration is received in exchange for future services to be performed, revenue is deferred as a contract liability and recognized over the period the performance obligation is expected to be satisfied. Non-cash consideration is measured at the fair value of the non-cash consideration received. There is no change to how revenue is recognized for these contracts under IFRS 15 compared to IAS 18.
Fee-for-Service
Fee-for-service revenue includes firm contracted revenue that is not subject to take-or-pay commitments and interruptible revenue. The Company satisfies its performance obligations for transportation, gas processing, fractionation, terminalling, and storage as volumes of product are transported, processed, or stored. Revenue is based on a contracted fee and consideration is variable with respect to volumes. Payment is due in the month following the Company’s provision of service.
There is no change to how revenue is recognized for fee-for-service revenue under IFRS 15 compared to IAS 18.
Product Sales
The Company satisfies its performance obligation on product sales at the time legal title to the product is transferred to the customer. Certain commodity buy/sell arrangements where control of the product has not transferred to the Company are recognized on a net basis in revenue.
For product sales, revenue is recognized using the practical expedient to recognize revenue in an amount equal to the Company's right to invoice as the consideration the Company is entitled to invoice in each period is representative of the value provided to the customer. There is no change to how revenue is recognized for these product sales under IFRS 15 compared to IAS 18.
New standards and interpretations not yet adopted
Certain new standards, interpretations, amendments and improvements to existing standards were issued by the IASB or IFRIC and are effective for accounting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 . These standards have not been applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements.
Those which may be relevant to Pembina are described below:
IFRS 16 Leases
IFRS 16 replaces existing leases guidance, including IAS 17 Leases , IFRIC 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease , SIC-15 Operating Leases-Incentives and SIC-27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease .
Pembina will adopt the new standard on the effective date of January 1, 2019.
IFRS 16 introduces a new lease definition which increases the focus on control of the underlying asset and may change which contracts are identified as leases. In addition, IFRS 16 introduces a single, on balance sheet lease accounting model for lessees. For all identified lessee arrangements, subject to recognition exemptions for short term leases where the term is 12 months or

29 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


less and leases of low value items (under $5,000), a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and a lease liability are recognized, representing the right to use the underlying asset and the obligation to make lease payments respectively. For identified lessor arrangements, the accounting remains similar to the current standard with lessors continuing to classify such arrangements as finance or operating leases.
Leases in which Pembina is a lessee
Pembina has substantially completed the determination of which lessee arrangements are or contain leases. System and new process implementation continue. The initial quantitative impact of applying IFRS 16 has been estimated for lessee accounting, however the disclosed impact may change as Pembina is working through the testing and assessment of controls over its new information technology system as well as finalizing decisions regarding practical expedients. In addition, new guidance and interpretations continue to be released and Pembina’s accounting policies are subject to change until Pembina presents its first financial statements that include the date of initial adoption.
A material impact is expected to result from the recognition of new assets and liabilities for rail car, office space and land surface operating lease arrangements. The nature of expenses related to identified lessee arrangements will change as IFRS 16 replaces straight-line operating lease expense with depreciation of right of use assets and interest expense relating to lease liabilities, which will result in higher adjusted EBITDA throughout the term of the lease. In addition, cash flow from operating activities and adjusted cash flow from operating activities will increase and cash flow from financing activities will decrease as lease obligation repayments will be reported as financing activities on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. There will be no net impact on cash flows.
Pembina estimates that lease liabilities and ROU assets in excess of $400 million will be recorded on adoption of IFRS 16.
The Company continues to evaluate if it will elect to apply the practical expedient to account for lease components and non-lease components as a single lease component by class of underlying asset. If this practical expedient were to be selected, it would result in an increase in the ROU asset and lease liability on initial adoption.
The Company does not expect the adoption of IFRS 16 to impact its ability to comply with debt covenants described in Note 13.
Leases in which Pembina is a lessor
Pembina continues to assess certain transportation, storage and other service arrangements to determine if lessor accounting would apply when considering the new lease definition. As these assessments are not yet finalized, the impact of lessor accounting related to these arrangements cannot be determined.
Transition
Pembina intends to adopt IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, which will result in the cumulative effect of initial application recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at January 1, 2019 and no restatement of the comparative period. Pembina intends to assess whether all contracts are, or contain, a lease using the IFRS 16 definition and not apply the practical expedient to carry forward lease assessments using existing leases guidance.
Conceptual Framework
In March 2018, the IASB issued a revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020 with early application permitted. The Conceptual Framework sets out the fundamental concepts of financial reporting and is applied to develop accounting policies when no IFRS Standard applies to a particular transaction. The revised Conceptual Framework includes: new concepts on measurement, presentation and disclosure, and derecognition; updated definitions of an asset and a liability and related recognition criteria; and clarifications in important areas, such as the roles of stewardship, prudence and measurement uncertainty in financial reporting. The Company intends to adopt the revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting on its effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its earnings and financial position.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 30


Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that are based on the facts and circumstances and estimates at the date of the consolidated financial statements and affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Judgments, estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.
The following judgment and estimation uncertainties are those management considers material to the Company's consolidated financial statements:
Judgments
(i) Business combinations
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The determination of fair value often requires management to make judgments about future possible events. The assumptions with respect to determining the fair value of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and liabilities acquired, as well as the determination of deferred taxes, generally require the most judgment.
(ii) Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are based on management's judgment of the most appropriate method to reflect the pattern of an asset's future economic benefit expected to be consumed by the Company. Among other factors, these judgments are based on industry standards and historical experience.
(iii) Impairment
Assessment of impairment of non-financial assets is based on management’s judgment of whether or not there are sufficient internal or external factors that would indicate that an asset, investment, or cash generating unit ("CGU") is impaired. The determination of a CGU is based on management’s judgment and is an assessment of the smallest group of assets that generate cash inflows independently of other assets. In addition, management applies judgment to assign goodwill acquired as part of a business combination to the CGU or group of CGUs that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination for purposes of impairment testing. When an impairment test is performed, the carrying value of a CGU or group of CGUs is compared to its recoverable amount, defined as the greater of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. As such, the asset composition of a CGU or group of CGUs directly impacts both the carrying value and recoverability of the assets included therein.
(iv) Assessment of joint control over joint arrangements
The determination of joint control requires judgment about the influence the Company has over the financial and operating decisions of an arrangement and the extent of the benefits it obtains based on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement during the reporting period. Joint control exists when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties that control the arrangement collectively. Ownership percentage alone may not be a determinant of joint control.
(v) Pattern of revenue recognition
The pattern of revenue recognition is impacted by management’s judgments as to the nature of the Company’s performance obligations, the amount of consideration allocated to performance obligations that are not sold on a stand-alone basis, the valuation of material rights and the timing of when those performance obligations have been satisfied.

31 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


(vi) Leases
Management applies judgment to determine if an arrangement contains a lease from both a lessee and lessor perspective. This assessment is based on management’s expectations regarding existing and future customers and the nature of the underlying assets.
Estimates
(i) Business combinations
Estimates of future cash flows, forecast prices, interest rates, discount rates, cost, market values and useful lives are made in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Changes in any of the assumptions or estimates used in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities could impact the amounts assigned to assets, liabilities, intangible assets, goodwill and deferred taxes in the purchase price equation. Future earnings can be affected as a result of changes in future depreciation and amortization, asset or goodwill impairment.
(ii) Provisions and contingencies
Management uses judgment in determining the likelihood of realization of contingent assets and liabilities to determine the outcome of contingencies. Provisions recognized are based on management's best estimate of the timing, scope and amount of expected future cash outflows to settle the obligation.
Based on the long-term nature of the decommissioning provision, the most significant uncertainties in estimating the provision are the discount and inflation rates used, the costs that will be incurred and the timing of when these costs will occur.
(iii) Deferred taxes
The calculation of the deferred tax asset or liability is based on assumptions about the timing of many taxable events and the enacted or substantively enacted rates anticipated to be applicable to income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be realized or reversed.
(iv) Depreciation and amortization
Estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are based on management's assumptions and estimates of the physical useful lives of the assets, the economic lives, which may be associated with the reserve lives and commodity type of the production area, in addition to the estimated residual value.
(v) Goodwill impairment test
In determining the recoverable amount as part of annual goodwill impairment testing, management uses its best estimates of future cash flows, and assesses discount rates to reflect management’s best estimate of a rate that reflects a current market assessment of the time value of money and the specific risks associated with the underlying assets and cash flows.
(vi) Impairment of financial assets
The measurement of financial assets carried at amortized cost includes management’s estimates regarding the expected credit losses that will be realized on these financial assets.
(vii) Revenue from contracts with customers
In estimating the contract value, management makes assessments as to whether variable consideration is constrained or not reasonably estimable, such that an amount or portion of an amount cannot be included in the estimate of the contract value. Management's estimates of the likelihood of a customer’s ability to use outstanding make-up rights may impact the timing of revenue recognition. In addition, in determining the amount of consideration to be allocated to performance obligations that are not sold on a stand-alone basis, management estimates the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 32


under the contract, taking into consideration the location and volume of goods or services being provided, the market environment, and customer specific considerations.
(viii) Fair value of financial instruments
For Level 2 valued financial instruments, management makes assumptions and estimates value based on observable inputs such as quoted forward prices, time value and volatility factors. For Level 3 valued financial instruments, management uses estimates of financial forecasts, expected cash flows and risk adjusted discount rates to measure fair value.
(ix) Employee benefit obligations
An actuarial valuation is prepared to measure the Company’s net employee benefit obligations using management’s best estimates with respect to longevity, discount rates, compensation increases, market returns on plan assets, retirement and termination rates.
10. RISK FACTORS
Pembina's value proposition is based on balancing economic benefit against risk. Where appropriate, Pembina will seek to reduce risk. Pembina continually works to mitigate the impact of risks to its business by identifying all significant risks so that they can be appropriately managed. To assist with identifying and managing risk, Pembina has implemented a comprehensive Risk Management Program. The risks that may affect the business and operation of Pembina and its operating subsidiaries are described at a high level within this MD&A and more fully within Pembina's Annual Information Form ("AIF"), an electronic copy of which is available at www.pembina.com or on Pembina's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com and which is filed under Form 40-F on Pembina's EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov . Further, additional discussion about counterparty risk, market risk, liquidity risk and additional information on financial risk management can be found in Note 24 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Commodity price risk
Pembina’s business is exposed to commodity price volatility and a substantial decline in the prices of these commodities could adversely affect its financial results.
Certain of the transportation contracts or tolling arrangements with respect to Pembina's pipeline assets do not include take-or-pay commitments from crude oil and gas producers and, as a result, Pembina is exposed to throughput risk with respect to those assets. A decrease in volumes transported can directly and adversely affect Pembina’s revenues and earnings. The demand for, and utilization of, Pembina's pipeline assets may be impacted by factors such as changing market fundamentals, capacity bottlenecks, operational incidents, regulatory restrictions, system maintenance, weather and increased competition. Market fundamentals, such as commodity prices and price differentials, natural gas and gasoline consumption, alternative energy sources and global supply disruptions outside of Pembina’s control can impact both the supply of and demand for the commodities transported on Pembina’s pipelines. See " Reserve replacement, throughput and product demand " below .
Pembina's Marketing business includes activities related to product storage, terminalling, and hub services. These activities expose Pembina to certain risks relating to fluctuations in commodity prices and, as a result, Pembina may experience volatility in revenue and impairments related to the book value of stored product with respect to these activities. Primarily, Pembina enters into contracts to purchase and sell crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas at floating market prices; as a result, the prices of products that are marketed by Pembina are subject to volatility as a result of factors such as seasonal demand changes, extreme weather conditions, market inventory levels, general economic conditions, changes in crude oil markets and other factors. Pembina manages its risk exposure by balancing purchases and sales to secure less volatile margins. Notwithstanding Pembina's management of price and quality risk, marketing margins for commodities can vary and have varied significantly from period to period in the past. This variability could have an adverse effect on the results of Pembina's Marketing business and its overall results of operations. To assist in reducing this inherent variability in its Marketing business, Pembina has invested, and will continue to invest, in assets that have a fee-based revenue component.

33 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Pembina is also exposed to potential price declines and decreasing frac spreads between the time Pembina purchases NGL feedstock and sells NGL products. Frac spread is the difference between the sale prices of NGL products and the cost of NGL sourced from natural gas and acquired at prices related to natural gas prices. Frac spreads can change significantly from period to period depending on the relationship between NGL and natural gas prices (the "frac spread ratio"), absolute commodity prices, and changes in the Canadian to U.S. dollar exchange rate. In addition to the frac spread ratio changes, there is also a differential between NGL product prices and crude oil prices which can change margins realized for midstream products. The amount of profit or loss made on the extraction portion of the business will generally increase or decrease with frac spreads. This exposure could result in variability of cash flow generated by the Marketing business, which could affect Pembina and the cash dividends that Pembina is able to distribute.
The Company utilizes financial derivative instruments as part of its overall risk management strategy to assist in managing the exposure to commodity price, interest rate, cost of power and foreign exchange risk. As an example of commodity price mitigation, the Company actively fixes a portion of its exposure to fractionation margins through the use of derivative financial instruments. Additionally, Pembina's Marketing business is also exposed to variability in quality, time and location differentials for various products, and financial instruments may be used to offset the Company’s exposures to these differentials. The Company does not trade financial instruments for speculative purposes. Commodity price fluctuations and volatility can also impact producer activity and throughput in Pembina's infrastructure, which is discussed in more detail below.
For more information with respect to Pembina's financial instruments and financial risk management program, see Note 24 to Pembina's Financial Statements, which note is incorporated by reference herein.
Regulation and legislation
Legislation in Alberta and British Columbia exists to ensure that producers have fair and reasonable opportunities to produce, process and market their reserves. The Alberta Energy Regulator ("AER") and British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission ("BCOGC") in Alberta and British Columbia, respectively, may declare the operator of a pipeline a common carrier of crude oil, NGLs or natural gas and, as such, must not discriminate between producers who seek access to the pipeline. Regulatory authorities that declare pipeline operators a common carrier may also establish conditions under which the carrier must accept and carry product, including the tariffs that may be charged. Producers and shippers may also apply to the appropriate regulatory authorities for a review of tariffs, and such tariffs may then be regulated if it is proven that the tariffs are not just and reasonable. The potential for direct regulation of tariffs, while considered remote by Pembina, could result in tariff levels that are less advantageous to Pembina and could impair the economic operation of such regulated pipeline systems.
The AER is the primary regulatory body that oversees Pembina's Alberta-issued energy permits, with some minor exceptions. Certain of Pembina's subsidiaries own pipelines in British Columbia, which are regulated by the BCOGC, and pipelines that cross provincial or international boundaries, which are regulated by the National Energy Board ("NEB") and/or the FERC. Certain of Pembina's operations and expansion projects are subject to additional regulations, and as Pembina's operations expand throughout Canada and North America, Pembina may be required to comply with the requirements of additional regulators and legislative bodies, including the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency ("Environmental Assessment Agency"), the British Columbia Environmental Assessment Office ("BCEAO"), the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, the Saskatchewan Ministry of Economy and The Petroleum Branch of Manitoba Mineral Resources. In the U.S., tolls on pipelines are regulated by and reported to FERC and pipeline operations are governed by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration ("PHMSA"), which sets standards for the design, construction, pressure testing, operation and maintenance, corrosion control, training and qualification of personnel, accident reporting and record keeping. The Office of Pipeline Safety, within the PHMSA, inspects and enforces the pipeline safety regulations across the U.S. All regulations and environmental compliance obligations are subject to change at the initiative of PHMSA. Pembina continually monitors existing and changing regulations in all jurisdictions in which it currently operates, or into which it may expand in the future, and the potential implications to its operations; however, Pembina cannot predict future regulatory changes, and any such compliance and regulatory changes in any one or multiple jurisdictions could have a material adverse impact on Pembina, its financial results and its shareholders.

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On February 8, 2018, the Canadian federal government introduced Bill C-69, an Act to enact the Impact Assessment Act and the Canadian Energy Regulator Act , to amend the Navigation Protection Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts ("Bill C-69"), which proposes to, among other things, overhaul the federal environmental assessment regime in Canada under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (Canada) ("CEAA"), and replace the NEB with a new regulator, the Canadian Energy Regulator ("CER"). If passed, Bill C-69 would result in the replacement of CEAA with the Impact Assessment Act (Canada) ("IAA") and the Environmental Assessment Agency with the new Impact Assessment Agency of Canada as the authority responsible for conducting all federal impact assessments (formerly "environmental assessments") for certain designated projects under the IAA, unless referred to a review panel. It is not yet known whether the list of designated projects which will be subject to mandatory assessment under the IAA will be the same as or similar to those under the CEAA. The proposed IAA also contains a broader project assessment process than under the CEAA and provides for enhanced consultation with groups that may be affected by proposed projects, while also expanding the scope of factors and considerations that need to be taken into account under the project assessment process. Bill C-69 also contemplates the adoption of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act (Canada) (the "CERA") and the repeal of the National Energy Board Act (Canada), which would replace the NEB with the CER. The CER would then continue to oversee approved federal, interprovincial and international energy projects in a manner similar to the current regime under the NEB, with new projects being referred to a review panel under the IAA. Pembina continues to actively monitor developments relating to Bill C-69 and other regulatory initiatives; however, as there can be no assurances that Bill C-69 will be passed in its current form, or at all, Pembina cannot predict the outcome of this or any other future regulatory initiatives. As such, the impact on Pembina resulting from the enactment of the IAA or the CERA, and any other future regulatory initiatives is uncertain. In the event that such changes, or any future proposed changes, negatively impact Pembina’s current business and/or its ability to receive approvals for current and future growth projects in a timely and cost effective manner, such changes could materially and directly impact Pembina's business and financial results. Such regulatory initiatives could also indirectly affect Pembina’s business and financial results by impacting the financial condition and growth projects of its customers and, ultimately, production levels and throughput on Pembina's pipelines and in its facilities.
Pembina's business and financial condition may also be influenced by federal and foreign legislation affecting, in particular, foreign investment, through legislation such as the Competition Act (Canada), the Investment Canada Act (Canada) and their equivalents in foreign jurisdictions.
There can be no assurance that changes to income tax laws, regulatory and environmental laws or policies and government incentive programs relating to the pipeline or crude oil and natural gas industry will not adversely affect Pembina or the value of its securities.
Operational risks
Operational risks include, but are not limited to: pipeline leaks; the breakdown or failure of equipment, pipelines and facilities, information systems or processes; the compromise of information and control systems; the performance of equipment at levels below those originally intended (whether due to misuse, unexpected degradation or design, construction or manufacturing defects); spills at truck terminals and hubs; spills associated with the loading and unloading of potentially harmful substances onto rail cars and trucks; failure to maintain adequate supplies of spare parts; operator error; labour disputes; disputes with interconnected facilities and carriers; operational disruptions or apportionment on third-party systems or refineries, which may prevent the full utilization of Pembina's facilities and pipelines; and catastrophic events including, but not limited to, extreme weather events, including fires, floods and other natural disasters, explosions, train derailments, earthquakes, acts of terrorism or sabotage, and other similar events, many of which are beyond the control of Pembina and all of which could result in operational disruptions, damage to assets, related spills or other environmental issues, and delays in construction, labour and materials. Pembina may also be exposed from time to time to additional operational risks not stated in the immediately preceding sentence. The occurrence or continuance of any of the foregoing events could increase the cost of operating Pembina's assets or reduce revenue, thereby impacting earnings. Additionally, facilities and pipelines are reliant on electrical power for their operations. A failure or disruption within the local or regional electrical power supply or

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distribution or transmission systems could significantly affect ongoing operations. Further, a significant increase in the cost of power or fuel could have a materially negative effect on the level of profit realized in cases where the relevant contracts do not provide for recovery of such costs. In the long-term, constraints on natural resource development could be impacted by climate change initiatives or policies, resulting in additional operational costs, delays or restrictions.
Pembina is committed to preserving customer and shareholder value by proactively managing operational risk through safe and reliable operations. Senior managers are responsible for the supervision of operational risk by ensuring appropriate policies, procedures and systems are in place within their business units and internal controls are operating efficiently. Pembina also has an extensive program to manage pipeline system integrity, which includes the development and use of in-line inspection tools and various other leak detection technologies. Pembina's maintenance, excavation and repair programs are focused on risk mitigation and, as such, resources are directed to the areas of greatest benefit and infrastructure is replaced or repaired as required. Pembina carries insurance coverage with respect to some, but not all, casualty occurrences in amounts customary for similar business operations, which coverage may not be sufficient to compensate for all casualty occurrences. In addition, Pembina has a comprehensive Corporate Security Management Program designed to reduce security-related risks.
Completion and timing of expansion projects
The successful completion of Pembina's growth and expansion projects is dependent on a number of factors outside of Pembina's control, including the impact of general economic, business and market conditions, availability of capital at attractive rates, receipt of regulatory approvals, reaching long-term commercial arrangements with customers in respect of certain portions of the expansions, construction schedules, commissioning difficulties or delays and costs that may change depending on supply, demand and/or inflation, labour, materials and equipment availability, contractor non-performance, civil disobedience, weather conditions, and cost of engineering services. There is no certainty, nor can Pembina provide any assurance, that necessary regulatory approvals will be received on terms that maintain the expected return on investment associated with a specific project, or at all, or that satisfactory commercial arrangements with customers will be entered into on a timely basis, or at all, or that third parties will comply with contractual obligations in a timely manner. Factors such as special interest group opposition, Aboriginal, landowner and other stakeholder consultation requirements, civil disobedience, changes in shipper support, and changes to the legislative or regulatory framework could all have an impact on meeting contractual and regulatory milestones. As a result, the cost estimates and completion dates for Pembina's major projects may change during different stages of the project. Early stage projects face additional challenges, including securing leases, easements, rights-of-way, permits and/or licenses from landowners or governmental authorities allowing access for such purposes, as well as Aboriginal consultation requirements. Accordingly, actual costs and construction schedules may vary from initial estimates and these differences can be significant, and certain projects may not proceed as planned, or at all. Further, there is a risk that maintenance will be required more often than currently planned or that significant maintenance capital projects could arise that were not previously anticipated.
Under most of Pembina's construction and operating agreements, the Company is obligated to construct the facilities regardless of delays and cost increases and Pembina bears the risk for any cost overruns and future agreements entered into with customers with respect to expansions may contain similar conditions. While Pembina is not currently aware of any significant undisclosed cost overruns with respect to its current projects at the date hereof, any such cost overruns may adversely affect the economics of particular projects, as well as Pembina's business operations and financial results, and could reduce Pembina's expected return on investment which, in turn, could reduce the level of cash available for dividends and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and other debt obligations. See "General risk factors - Additional financing and capital resources" .
Possible failure to realize anticipated benefits of corporate strategy
Pembina evaluates the value proposition for expansion projects, new acquisitions and divestitures on an ongoing basis. Planning and investment analysis is highly dependent on accurate forecasting assumptions and to the extent that these

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assumptions do not materialize, financial performance may be lower or more volatile than expected. Volatility in the economy, change in cost estimates, project scoping and risk assessment could result in a loss in profits for Pembina. As part of its ongoing strategy, Pembina may complete acquisitions of assets or other entities in the future. Achieving the benefits of completed and future acquisitions depends, in part, on successfully consolidating functions and integrating operations, procedures and personnel in a timely and efficient manner, as well as Pembina's ability to realize the anticipated growth opportunities and synergies from combining the acquired businesses and operations with those of Pembina. In particular, large scale acquisitions may involve significant pricing and integration risk. The integration of acquired businesses and entities requires the dedication of substantial management effort, time and resources, which may divert management's focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and from operational matters during this process. The integration process may also result in the loss of key employees and the disruption of ongoing business, customer and employee relationships, which may adversely affect Pembina's ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of any acquisitions. Acquisitions may also expose Pembina to additional risks, including risks relating to entry into markets or businesses in which Pembina has little or no direct prior experience, increased credit risks through the assumption of additional debt, costs and contingent liabilities and exposure to liabilities of the acquired business or assets. See "General risk factors - Additional financing and capital resources" below.
Joint ownership and third-party operators
Certain of Pembina’s assets are jointly owned and are governed by partnership or shareholder agreements entered into with third-parties. As a result, certain decisions relating to these assets require the approval of a simple majority of the owners, while others require unanimous approval of the owners. In addition, certain of these assets are operated by unrelated third-party entities. The success of these assets is, to some extent, dependent on the effectiveness of the business relationship and decision-making among Pembina and the other joint owner(s) and the expertise and ability of any third-party operators to operate and maintain the assets. While Pembina believes that there are prudent governance and other contractual rights in place, there can be no assurance that Pembina will not encounter disputes with joint owners or that assets operated by third parties may not perform as expected. Such events could impact operations or cash flows of these assets or cause them to not operate as Pembina expects which, in turn, could have a negative impact on Pembina’s business operations and financial results, and could reduce Pembina’s expected return on investment, thereby reducing the level of cash available for dividends and to service obligations under Pembina’s debt securities and other debt obligations.
Reserve replacement, throughput and product demand
Pembina's pipeline revenue is based on a variety of tolling arrangements, including fee-for-service, cost-of-service agreements and market based tolls. As a result, certain pipeline revenue is heavily dependent upon throughput levels of crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas. Future throughput on crude oil, NGL and natural gas pipelines and replacement of oil and gas reserves in the service areas will be dependent upon the activities of producers operating in those areas as they relate to exploiting their existing reserve bases and exploring for and developing additional reserves and technological improvements leading to increased recovery rates. Similarly, the volumes of natural gas processed through Pembina's gas processing assets depends on the production of natural gas in the areas serviced by the gas processing business and associated pipelines. Without reserve additions, or expansion of the service areas, volumes on such pipelines and in such facilities would decline over time as reserves are depleted. As oil and gas reserves are depleted, production costs may increase relative to the value of the remaining reserves in place, causing producers to shut-in production or seek out lower cost alternatives for transportation. If, as a result, the level of tolls collected by Pembina decreases, cash flow available for dividends to shareholders and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and Pembina's other debt obligations could be adversely affected.
Over the long-term, the ability and willingness of shippers to continue production will also depend, in part, on the level of demand and prices for crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas in the markets served by the crude oil, NGL and natural gas pipelines and gas processing and gathering infrastructure in which Pembina has an interest. Producers may shut-in production at lower product prices or higher production costs.

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Global economic events may continue to have a substantial impact on the prices of crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas. Pembina cannot predict the impact of future supply/demand or economic conditions, fuel conservation measures, alternative fuel requirements, governmental regulation or technological advances in fuel efficiency and energy generation in the energy and petrochemical industries or future demand for and prices of natural gas, crude oil, condensate and NGLs. A lower commodity price environment will generally reduce drilling activity and, as a result, the demand for midstream infrastructure could decline. Producers in the areas serviced by Pembina may not be successful in exploring for and developing additional reserves or achieving technological improvements to increase recovery rates and lower production costs during periods of lower commodity prices, which may also reduce demand for midstream infrastructure.
Future prices of these hydrocarbons are determined by supply and demand factors, including weather and general economic conditions as well as economic, political and other conditions in other crude oil and natural gas regions, all of which are beyond Pembina's control. The rate and timing of production from proven natural gas reserves tied into gas plants is at the discretion of producers and is subject to regulatory constraints. Producers have no obligation to produce from their natural gas reserves, which means production volumes are at the discretion of producers. Lower production volumes may increase the competition for natural gas supply at gas processing plants, which could result in higher shrinkage premiums being paid to natural gas producers. In addition, lower production volumes may lead to less demand for pipelines and processing capacity.
Pembina's gas processing assets are connected to various third-party trunk line systems. Operational disruptions or apportionment on those third-party systems may prevent the full utilization of Pembina’s gas processing assets, which may have an adverse effect on its business if potential losses exceed or were not covered by Pembina's business interruption insurance policy.
Competition
Pembina competes with other pipeline, midstream, marketing and gas processing, fractionation and handling/storage service providers in its service areas as well as other transporters of crude oil, NGL and natural gas. The introduction of competing transportation alternatives into Pembina's service areas could limit Pembina's ability to adjust tolls as it may deem necessary and result in the reduction of throughput in Pembina's pipelines. Additionally, potential pricing differentials on the components of NGLs may result in these components being transported by competing gas pipelines. Pembina is determined to meet, and believes that it is prepared for, these existing and potential competitive pressures. Pembina also competes with other businesses for growth and business opportunities, which could impact its ability to grow through acquisitions and could impact earnings and cash flow available to pay dividends and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and other debt obligations.
Reliance on principal customers
Pembina sells services and products to large customers within its area of operations and relies on several significant customers to purchase product for the Marketing business. If for any reason these parties were unable to perform their obligations under the various agreements with Pembina, the revenue and dividends of the Company and the operations of Pembina could be negatively impacted. See "General risk factors - Counterparty credit risk" below.
Customer contracts
Throughput on Pembina's pipelines is governed by transportation contracts or tolling arrangements with various crude oil and natural gas producers. Pembina is party to numerous contracts of varying durations in respect of its gas gathering, processing and fractionation facilities as well as terminalling and storage services. Any default by counterparties under such contracts or any expiration of such contracts or tolling arrangements without renewal or replacement may have an adverse effect on Pembina's business and results from operations. Further, some contracts associated with the services described above are comprised of a mixture of firm and non-firm commitments. The revenue that Pembina earns on non-firm or firm commitments without take-or-pay service is dependent on the volume of crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas

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produced by producers in the relevant geographic areas. Accordingly, lower production volumes in these areas, including for reasons such as low commodity prices, may have an adverse effect on Pembina's revenue.
Reputation
Reputational risk is the potential risk that market-or company-specific events, or other factors, could result in the deterioration of Pembina's reputation with key stakeholders. The potential for deterioration of Pembina's reputation exists in many business decisions, which may negatively impact Pembina's business and the value of its securities. Reputational risk cannot be managed in isolation from other forms of risk. Credit, market, operational, insurance, liquidity, regulatory and legal, and technology risks, among others, must all be managed effectively to safeguard Pembina's reputation. Pembina's reputation could also be impacted by the actions and activities of other companies operating in the energy industry, particularly other energy infrastructure providers, over which Pembina has no control. In particular, Pembina's reputation could be impacted by negative publicity related to pipeline incidents, expansion plans or new projects or due to opposition from organizations opposed to energy, oil sands and pipeline development and, particularly, with shipment of production from oil sands regions. Further, Pembina’s reputation could be negatively impacted by changing public attitudes towards climate change and the perceived causes thereof, over which the Company has no control. Negative impacts from a compromised reputation, whether caused by Pembina’s actions or otherwise, could include revenue loss, reduction in customer base, delays in obtaining regulatory approvals with respect to growth projects, reduced access to capital or decreased value of Pembina's securities.
Environmental costs and liabilities
Pembina’s operations, facilities and petroleum product shipments are subject to extensive national, regional and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things, discharges to air, land and water, the handling and storage of petroleum products and hazardous materials, waste disposal, the protection of employee health, safety and the environment and the investigation and remediation of contamination. Pembina's facilities may experience incidents, malfunctions or other unplanned events that may result in spills or emissions and/or result in personal injury, fines, penalties, other sanctions or property damage. Pembina may also incur liability for environmental contamination associated with past and present activities and properties.
Pembina's facilities and pipelines must maintain a number of environmental and other permits from various governmental authorities in order to operate, and these facilities are subject to inspection from time to time. Failure to maintain compliance with these requirements could result in operational interruptions, fines or penalties, or the need to install additional pollution control technology. Licenses and permits must be renewed from time to time and there is no guarantee that a license or permit will be renewed on the same or similar conditions as it was initially granted. There can be no assurance that Pembina will be able to obtain all licenses, permits, registrations, approvals and authorizations that may be required to conduct operations that it may wish to undertake. Further, if at any time regulatory authorities deem any of Pembina's pipelines or facilities unsafe or not in compliance with applicable laws, they may order it to be shut down. Certain significant environmental legislative initiatives that may materially impact Pembina's business and financial results and conditions are outlined below.
In 2016, the Canadian federal government announced that its initial proposed pan-Canadian carbon tax would be $10 per tonne commencing in 2018 and would increase by $10 per tonne per year to $50 per tonne by 2022. As a regulatory backstop, the federal government has also implemented the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act (“GGPPA”), which introduces a carbon pricing regime for those provinces that fail to impose adequate provincial measures. Saskatchewan and Ontario have recently launched constitutional challenges to the GGPPA, the results of which could significantly impact how greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions are regulated throughout Canada.
In Alberta, the provincial government has launched two initiatives under the Climate Change Act . These initiatives include the enactment of a $30 per tonne carbon levy on all carbon-based heating and transportation fuels, as well as output-based emission allocations for large facility emitters under the Carbon Competitiveness Incentive Regulation ("CCIR"). All Pembina entities within Alberta have obtained an exemption from the carbon levy for the majority of their business activities, which

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will limit Pembina's exposure to the levy until those exemptions expire in 2023. Where applicable, Pembina entities have also obtained licences under the carbon levy regulations to buy and sell regulated fuels without the need to recover and remit the carbon levy on those fuel transactions. Pembina also continues to follow the proposed changes to the regulatory framework for the reduction of methane from fugitive and vented gas emissions. Through active participation with industry associations and direct engagement with regulatory bodies, Pembina will continue to monitor and assess for material impacts to Pembina's business as regulations and policies continue to be developed.
Pembina has three natural gas processing facilities subject to the large emitter regulations under the CCIR. At present, the operational and financial impacts are minimal and are anticipated to not change substantially over the next few years. As more facilities expand and increase production, it is anticipated that additional facilities will become subject to the CCIR. The potential costs and benefits to Pembina of those facilities under the CCIR are continuing to be assessed.
The Government of Alberta, in its climate change legislation and guidelines, has legislated an overall cap on oil sands greenhouse gas emissions. The legislated emissions cap on oil sands operations has been set to a maximum of 100 megatonnes in any year. Oil sands operations currently emit approximately 70 megatonnes per year. This legislated cap may limit oil sands production growth in the future.
Similar policy reviews on climate change are underway in British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. On July 3, 2018, Ontario announced the revocation of its previously enacted cap and trade emissions program. As Ontario has yet to implement a replacement GHG regime, the provisions of the GGPPA will apply to Ontario. As indicated above, Ontario has challenged the constitutionality of the GGPPA and has also announced plans to implement an alternative provincial regime.
While Pembina believes its current operations are in compliance with all applicable environmental, health and safety laws, there can be no assurance that substantial costs or liabilities will not be incurred as a result of non-compliance with such laws. Moreover, it is possible that other developments, such as changes in environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and enforcement policies thereunder, including with respect to climate change, claims for damages to persons or property resulting from Pembina's operations, and the discovery of pre-existing environmental liabilities in relation to Pembina's existing or future properties or operations, could result in significant costs and liabilities to Pembina. If Pembina is not able to recover the resulting costs or increased costs through insurance or increased tolls, cash flow available to pay dividends to shareholders and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and Pembina's other debt obligations could be adversely affected.
Changes in environmental, health and safety regulations and legislation, including with respect to climate change, may also impact Pembina's customers and could result in crude oil and natural gas development and production becoming uneconomical, which would impact throughput and revenue on Pembina's systems and in its facilities.
See "Reserve replacement, throughput and product demand" above.
While Pembina maintains insurance for damage caused by seepage or pollution from its pipelines or facilities in an amount it considers prudent and in accordance with industry standards, certain provisions of such insurance may limit the availability thereof in respect of certain occurrences unless they are discovered within fixed time periods, which typically range from 72 hours to 30 days. Although Pembina believes it has adequate pipeline monitoring systems in place to monitor for a significant spill of product, if Pembina is unaware of a problem or is unable to locate the problem within the relevant time period, insurance coverage may lapse and not be available.
Abandonment costs
Pembina is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws and regulations regarding the dismantling, decommissioning, environmental, reclamation and remediation activities on abandonment of its pipeline systems and other assets at the end of their economic life, and these abandonment costs may be substantial. An accounting provision is made for the estimated cost of site restoration and is capitalized in the relevant asset category. A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, Pembina has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of

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economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Pembina's estimates of the costs of such abandonment or decommissioning could be materially different than the actual costs incurred.
For more information with respect to Pembina's estimated net present value of decommissioning obligations, see Note 15 to Pembina's Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 , which is incorporated by reference herein.
The proceeds from the disposition of certain assets, including in respect of certain pipeline systems and line fill, may be available to offset abandonment costs. Pembina may, in the future, determine it prudent or be required by applicable laws or regulations to establish and fund additional reclamation funds to provide for payment of future abandonment costs. Such reserves could decrease cash flow available for dividends to shareholders and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and Pembina's other debt obligations.
To the best of its knowledge, Pembina has complied with NEB requirements on its wholly owned NEB-regulated pipelines for abandonment funding and has completed the compliance-based filings that are required under the applicable NEB rules and regulations regarding the abandonment of its pipeline systems and assets. Pembina also has ownership in NEB-regulated pipelines including in respect of the Alliance pipeline, the Tupper pipelines and the Kerrobert pipeline, which are operated by or with its joint venture partners. Pembina and the joint venture partner in each case are responsible for the abandonment funding and the submission of the NEB-compliance based filings for those NEB-regulated pipelines. Pembina will continue to monitor any regulatory changes prior to the next five-year review and will complete the annual reporting as required by the NEB. Pembina owned and/or operated rate-regulated pipelines account for approximately 873 km of the total infrastructure in its Pipelines business.
Operating and capital costs
The operating and capital costs of Pembina's assets may vary considerably from current and forecasted values and rates and represent significant components of the cost of providing service. In general, as equipment ages, costs associated with such equipment may increase over time. In addition, operating and capital costs may increase as a result of a number of factors beyond Pembina's control, including general economic, business and market conditions and supply, demand and/or inflation in respect of required goods and/or services. Dividends may be reduced if significant increases in operating or capital costs are incurred and this may also impact the ability of Pembina to service obligations under its debt securities and other debt obligations.
Although certain operating costs are recaptured through the tolls charged on natural gas volumes processed and crude oil and NGL transported, respectively, to the extent such tolls escalate, producers may seek lower cost alternatives or stop production of their crude oil and/or natural gas.
Risks relating to NGL by rail
Pembina's operations include rail loading, offloading and terminalling facilities. Pembina relies on railroads and trucks to distribute its products for customers and to transport raw materials to its processing facilities. Costs for environmental damage, damage to property and/or personal injury in the event of a railway incident involving hydrocarbons have the potential to be significant. At this time, the Railway Safety Act (Canada), which governs the operation of railway equipment, does not contemplate regulatory enforcement proceedings against shippers, but consignors and shippers may be subject to regulatory proceedings under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada), which specifies the obligations of shippers to identify and classify dangerous goods, select appropriate equipment and prepare shipping documentation. While the Canada Transportation Act was amended in 2015 to preclude railway companies from shifting liability for third-party claims to shippers by tariff publication alone, major Canadian railways have adopted standard contract provisions designed to implement such a shift. Under various environmental statutes in both Canada and the U.S., Pembina could be held responsible for environmental damage caused by hydrocarbons loaded at its facilities or being carried on its leased rail cars. Pembina

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partially mitigates this risk by securing insurance coverage, but such insurance coverage may not be adequate in the event of an incident.
Railway incidents in Canada and the U.S. have prompted regulatory bodies to initiate reviews of transportation rules and publish various directives. Regulators in Canada and the U.S. have begun to phase-in more stringent engineering standards for tank cars used to move hydrocarbon products, which require all North American tank cars carrying crude oil or ethanol to be retrofitted and all tank cars carrying flammable liquids to be compliant in accordance with the required regulatory timelines. While most legislative changes apply directly to railway companies, costs associated with retrofitting locomotives and rail cars, implementing safety systems, increased inspection and reporting requirements may be indirectly passed on to Pembina through increased freight rates and car leasing costs. In addition, regulators in Canada and the U.S. have implemented changes that impose obligations directly on consignors and shippers, such as Pembina, relating to the certification of product, equipment procedures and emergency response procedures.
In the event that Pembina is ultimately held liable for any damages resulting from its activities relating to transporting NGLs by rail, for which insurance is not available, or increased costs or obligations are imposed on Pembina as a result of new regulations, this could have an impact on Pembina's business, operations and prospects and could impact earnings and cash flow available to pay dividends and to service obligations under Pembina's debt securities and other debt obligations.
Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement
On November 30, 2018, Canada, the U.S. and Mexico signed the trilateral Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement ("CUSMA"), which, once ratified, will replace the existing trilateral North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA").
NAFTA imposes certain requirements on Canada with respect to exports of energy and basic petrochemicals, requiring that export measures be applied such that the proportion of total supply exported over a three-year period remains unchanged. This requirement does not appear in CUSMA and is, therefore, expected to permit Canada to expand its exports of crude oil and natural gas beyond the U.S. In addition, CUSMA includes a change to the crude oil and natural gas rules of origin, which should make it easier for Canadian exporters to qualify for duty-free treatment on shipments to the U.S. and Mexico. Canada, must, however, notify the U.S. of its intention to enter into free trade talks with any "non-market economies" under CUSMA, which may include China or any other potential importers of Canadian oil and gas exports.
Although the agreement has been signed, CUSMA is still required to be ratified and implemented by legislators from each of the three countries according to their own domestic legislative processes before it takes effect and replaces NAFTA. The ratification and implementation process in each of Canada, the U.S. and Mexico is not yet complete, although it is currently anticipated that CUSMA will come into force on January 1, 2020.
If CUSMA is not ratified and implemented by all three countries, this may alter the terms of trade for energy and petrochemical resources in North America, which could impact Pembina's ability to sell and transport petroleum products within North America and could have an adverse impact on our results from operations and financial condition.
Alberta production curtailment
On December 2, 2018, the Alberta provincial government announced mandatory reductions to crude oil and bitumen production in Alberta in an attempt to narrow the price differentials on these products compared to North American benchmark prices. The reductions have been applied at the operator level based upon each operator’s combined crude oil and bitumen production, with the first 10,000 barrels per day produced by each operator exempt from the curtailment program. The temporary production cut commenced in January 2019, with an initial reduction of 325,000 barrels per day, representing approximately 8.7 percent of the aggregate production of crude oil and bitumen in Alberta. This level of curtailment is expected to remain in place until March 31, 2019, followed by a reduced curtailment of approximately 95,000 barrels per day until the end of 2019. The production rate will be reviewed monthly by the Alberta Minister of Energy and revised, as necessary. Under the current regulations, the provincial government's authority to curtail crude oil and bitumen production in Alberta will end on December 31, 2019.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 42


In addition to reduced production volumes, the Alberta provincial government's curtailment strategy may have other unintended consequences that impact the oil and gas industry in Alberta, including, but not limited to, reduced demand for diluent, a reduction in drilling projects, reduced capital spending on new projects, reduced volumes of refined products and market uncertainty. These effects may lead to a reduction in the volume of product transported on our pipelines or processed at our facilities, which could have an adverse impact on our results from operations and financial condition.
Risk factors relating to the securities of Pembina
Dilution of shareholders
Pembina is authorized to issue, among other classes of shares, an unlimited number of Common Shares for consideration on terms and conditions as established by the board of directors without the approval of shareholders in certain instances. Existing shareholders have no pre-emptive rights in connection with such further issuances. Any issuance of Common Shares may have a dilutive effect on existing shareholders.
Risk factors relating to the activities of Pembina and the ownership of securities
The following is a list of certain risk factors relating to the activities of Pembina and the ownership of its securities:
the level of Pembina's indebtedness from time to time could impair Pembina's ability to obtain additional financing on a timely basis to take advantage of business opportunities that may arise, which may have an adverse effect on the value of Pembina's securities;
the uncertainty of future dividend payments by Pembina and the level thereof, as Pembina's dividend policy and the funds available for the payment of dividends from time to time will be dependent upon, among other things, operating cash flow generated by Pembina and its subsidiaries, financial requirements for Pembina's operations, the execution of its growth strategy and the satisfaction of solvency tests imposed by the ABCA for the declaration and payment of dividends;
Pembina may make future acquisitions or may enter into financings or other transactions involving the issuance of securities of Pembina which may be dilutive to the holders of Pembina’s securities;
the inability of Pembina to manage growth effectively, and realize the anticipated growth opportunities from acquisitions and new projects, could have an adverse impact on Pembina's business, operations and prospects, which may also have an adverse effect on the value of Pembina's securities; and
the market value of the Common Shares may deteriorate materially if Pembina is unable to meet its cash dividend targets or make cash dividends in the future.
Market value of common shares and other securities
Pembina cannot predict at what price the Common Shares, Class A Preferred Shares or other securities issued by Pembina will trade in the future. Common Shares, Class A Preferred Shares and other securities of Pembina will not necessarily trade at values determined solely by reference to the underlying value of Pembina's assets. One of the factors that may influence the market price of the Common Shares and the Class A Preferred Shares is the annual dividend yield of such securities. An increase in interest rates may lead holders and/or purchasers of Common Shares or Class A Preferred Shares to demand a higher annual dividend yield, which could adversely affect the market price of the Common Shares or Class A Preferred Shares. In addition, the market price for Common Shares and the Class A Preferred Shares may be affected by announcements of new developments, changes in Pembina's operating results, failure to meet analysts' expectations, changes in credit ratings, changes in general market conditions, fluctuations in the market for equity or debt securities and other factors beyond the control of Pembina.
Shareholders are encouraged to obtain independent legal, tax and investment advice with respect to the holding of Common Shares or Class A Preferred Shares.

43 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


General risk factors
Additional financing and capital resources
The timing and amount of Pembina's capital expenditures and contributions to Equity Accounted Investees, and the ability of the Company to repay or refinance existing debt as it becomes due, directly affects the amount of cash available for Pembina to pay dividends. Future acquisitions, expansions of Pembina's assets, other capital expenditures and the repayment or refinancing of existing debt as it becomes due may be financed from sources such as cash generated from operations, the issuance of additional Common Shares, Class A Preferred Shares or other securities (including debt securities) of Pembina and borrowings. Dividends may be reduced, or even eliminated, at times when significant capital or other expenditures are made. There can be no assurance that sufficient capital will be available on terms acceptable to Pembina, or at all, to make additional investments, fund future expansions or make other required capital expenditures. During periods of weakness in the global economy, and in particular the commodity-related industry sectors, Pembina may experience restricted access to capital and increased borrowing costs. The ability of Pembina to raise capital depends on, among other factors, the overall state of capital markets, Pembina's credit rating, investor demand for investments in the energy industry and demand for Pembina's securities. To the extent that external sources of capital, including the issuance of additional Common Shares, Class A Preferred Shares or other securities or the availability of additional credit facilities, become limited or unavailable on favourable terms, or at all, due to credit market conditions or otherwise, the ability of Pembina to make the necessary capital investments to maintain or expand its operations, to repay outstanding debt or to invest in assets, as the case may be, may be impaired. To the extent Pembina is required to use operating cash flow to finance capital expenditures or acquisitions or to repay existing debt as it becomes due, the level of dividends payable may be reduced.
Counterparty credit risk
Counterparty credit risk represents the financial loss Pembina may experience if a counterparty to a financial instrument or commercial agreement failed to meet its contractual obligations to Pembina in accordance with the terms and conditions of such instruments or agreements with Pembina. Counterparty credit risk arises primarily from Pembina's short-term investments, trade and other receivables, advances to related parties and from counterparties to its derivative financial instruments.
Pembina continues to closely monitor and reassess the creditworthiness of its counterparties, including financial institutions. Pembina may reduce or mitigate its exposure to certain counterparties where it is deemed warranted and permitted under contractual terms. Pembina manages counterparty credit risk through established credit management techniques, including conducting comprehensive financial and other assessments on all new counterparties and regular reviews of existing counterparties to establish and monitor counterparties' creditworthiness, set exposure limits, monitor exposure to these limits and seek to obtain financial assurances where warranted and permitted under contractual terms. Pembina utilizes various sources of financial, credit and business information in assessing the creditworthiness of a counterparty, including external credit ratings, where available, and, in other cases, detailed financial statement analysis in order to generate an internal credit rating based on quantitative and qualitative factors. The establishment of counterparty exposure limits is governed by a Board-designated counterparty exposure limit matrix which represents the maximum dollar amounts of counterparty exposure by debt rating that can be approved for a particular counterparty.
Financial assurances from counterparties may include guarantees, letters of credit and cash. As at December 31, 2018 , letters of credit totaling approximately $122 million ( December 31, 2017 : $110 million ) were held primarily in respect of customer trade receivables.
Pembina has typically collected its receivables in full. At December 31, 2018 , approximately 99 percent ( December 31, 2017 : 96 percent ) of receivables were current. Pembina has a general lien and a continuing and first priority security interest in, and a secured charge on, all of a shipper's petroleum products in its custody. The risk of non-collection is considered to be low and no material impairment of trade and other receivables has been made as of the date hereof.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 44


Pembina monitors and manages its concentration of counterparty credit risk on an ongoing basis. Pembina also evaluates counterparty risk from the perspective of future exposure with existing or new counterparties that support future capital expansion projects. Pembina believes these measures are prudent and allow for effective management of its counterparty credit risk but there is no certainty that they will protect Pembina against all material losses. As part of its ongoing operations, Pembina must balance its market and counterparty credit risks when making business decisions.
Debt service
At the end of 2018 , Pembina had exposure to floating interest rates on approximately $1.3 billion ( 2017 : $1.8 billion ) in debt. Floating rate debt exposure is, in part, managed through the use of derivative financial instruments.
Variations in interest rates and scheduled principal repayments, if required under the terms of Pembina's banking agreements could result in significant changes in the amounts required to be applied to debt service before payment of any dividends. Certain covenants in the Company's agreements with its lenders may also limit certain payments and dividends paid by Pembina.
Pembina and its subsidiaries are permitted to borrow funds to finance the purchase of pipelines and other energy infrastructure assets, to fund capital expenditures or other financial obligations or expenditures in respect of such assets and for working capital purposes. Amounts paid in respect of interest and principal on debt incurred in respect of those assets reduce the amount of cash flow available for dividends on Common Shares. Pembina is also required to meet certain financial covenants under the credit facilities and is subject to customary restrictions on its operations and activities, including restrictions on the granting of security, incurring indebtedness and the sale of its assets.
The lenders under Pembina's credit facilities have been provided with guarantees and subordination agreements. If Pembina becomes unable to pay its debt service charges or otherwise commits an event of default, payments to the lenders under its credit facilities will rank in priority to dividends.
Although Pembina believes its existing credit facilities are sufficient for its immediate liquidity requirements, there can be no assurance that the amount available thereunder will be adequate for the future financial obligations of Pembina or that additional funds will be able to be obtained on terms favourable to Pembina, or at all.
Credit ratings
Rating agencies regularly evaluate Pembina and base their ratings of its long-term and short-term debt and Class A Preferred Shares on a number of factors. This includes Pembina's financial strength as well as factors not entirely within Pembina's control, including conditions affecting the industry in which Pembina operates generally and the wider state of the economy. There can be no assurance that one or more of Pembina's credit ratings will not be downgraded. A credit rating downgrade could also limit Pembina's access to debt and preferred share markets.
Pembina's borrowing costs and ability to raise funds are directly impacted by its credit ratings. Credit ratings may be important to suppliers or counterparties when they seek to engage in certain transactions with Pembina. A credit rating downgrade may impair Pembina's ability to enter into arrangements with suppliers or counterparties, engage in certain transactions, limit Pembina's access to private and public credit markets or increase the costs of borrowing under its existing credit facilities. A credit rating downgrade could also limit Pembina's access to debt and preferred share markets.
Reliance on management and other key individuals
Pembina is dependent on senior management and directors of the Company in respect of the governance, administration and management of all matters relating to Pembina and its operations and administration. The loss of the services of key individuals could have a detrimental effect on Pembina. Further, the costs associated with retaining key individuals could adversely affect Pembina's business opportunities and financial results. There is no assurance that Pembina will continue to attract and retain all personnel necessary for the development and operation of its business.

45 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Aboriginal land claims and consultation obligations
Aboriginal people have claimed title and rights to a considerable portion of the lands in western Canada. The successful assertion of Aboriginal title or other Aboriginal rights claims may have an adverse effect on western Canadian crude oil and natural gas production or oil sands development and may result in reduced demand for Pembina's assets and infrastructure that service those areas, which could have a material adverse effect on Pembina's business and operations.
In Canada, the federal and provincial governments (the "Crown") have a duty to consult and, where appropriate, accommodate Aboriginal people where the interests of the Aboriginal peoples may be affected by a Crown action or decision. Crown actions include the decision to issue a regulatory approval relating to activities that may impact the Aboriginal rights, interests or lands. The Crown may rely on steps undertaken by a regulatory agency to fulfill its duty to consult and accommodate in whole or in part. Therefore, the processes established by regulatory bodies, such as the AER, the BCOGC, the BCEAO and the NEB, often include an assessment of Aboriginal rights claims and consultation obligations. While the Crown holds ultimate responsibility for ensuring consultation is adequate, this issue is often a major aspect of regulatory permitting processes. If a regulatory body, or the Crown itself, determines that the duty to consult has not been appropriately discharged relative to the issuance of regulatory approvals required by Pembina, the issuance of such approvals may be delayed or denied, thereby impacting Pembina's Canadian operations.
In mid-2016, the Government of Canada issued changes to the CEAA Technical Guidance for Assessing the Current Use of Lands for Traditional Purposes . This technical guidance document is used with respect to “designated projects” as defined by the CEAA and the related regulations, including NEB-regulated onshore pipeline projects greater than 40 kilometres in length. These changes to the Technical Guidance lengthened the review timeline for projects subject to NEB review at the time of their release by approximately six months. These changes could therefore materially impact the amount of time and capital resources required by Pembina if it were to apply for approval to construct and operate a NEB-regulated pipelines project or other CEAA "designated project".
As described in "Regulation and Legislation" above, the Canadian federal government introduced Bill C-69 on February 8, 2018. If enacted, Bill C-69 would, among other things, replace the CEAA with the IAA, amend the National Energy Board Act (to be repealed and replaced by the CERA), the Fisheries Act and the Navigation Protection Act. A number of the federal regulatory process amendments pertain to the participation of Aboriginal groups and the protection of Aboriginal and treaty rights. The proposed amendments generally codify existing law and practice with respect to these matters. For example, decision makers would be expressly required to consider the effects (positive or negative) of a proposed project on constitutionally-protected Aboriginal rights, as well as Aboriginal peoples themselves, and ensure that consultation is undertaken during the planning phase of impact assessment processes. Bill C-69 would also create a larger role for Indigenous governing bodies in the impact assessment process (enabling the delegation of certain aspects of the impact assessment process to such groups) and require decision makers to consider Aboriginal traditional knowledge in certain cases. Bill C-69 is currently before the Senate, which has announced that it will undertake additional public consultation during 2019 with respect to the legislation and proposed amendments thereto. Pembina continues to actively monitor developments relating to Bill C-69 and other regulatory initiatives; however, as there can be no assurances that Bill C-69 will be passed in its current form, or at all, Pembina cannot predict the outcome of this or any other future regulatory initiatives on its operations at this time.
On February 14, 2018, the federal government announced that it will develop, in consultation with Aboriginal people (First Nations, Inuit and Métis), a Recognition and Implementation of Rights Framework ("Rights Framework"). The contents of the Rights Framework will be determined based on information obtained from engagement activities led by the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, which were undertaken between February and May 2018. The Canadian federal government initially intended to implement the Rights Framework and any associated legislation or policies before October 2019, but no

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 46


such legislation has been proposed as of the date hereof. Pembina will continue to monitor and assess the impacts the Rights Framework may have on its business as legislation and/or policies continue to be developed.
In 2018, the British Columbia government enacted Bill 51 - 2018 Environmental Assessment Act (the "2018 EA Act") as part of its commitment to revitalize environmental assessment in the province and facilitate its commitment to implementing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ("UNDRIP"). The 2018 EA Act received Royal Assent on November 27, 2018 but is not expected to come into force until late 2019, after a number of policies and regulations required to support the legislation are developed. The 2018 EA Act is designed as a "consent-based" environmental assessment model and is intended to support reconciliation with Aboriginal peoples and the implementation of UNDRIP. The legislation requires the BCEAO to seek participating Aboriginal groups' consent with respect to, among other things, the decision to issue an environmental assessment certificate to a given project. While the 2018 EA Act does not strictly require consent in most cases, the legislation creates significant new participation opportunities for participating Aboriginal groups during the course of environmental assessments, which may increase the time required to obtain regulatory approvals and thereby impact Pembina's operations in British Columbia. Pembina continues to actively monitor the development of the regulations required to facilitate the implementation of the 2018 EA Act.
Potential conflicts of interest
Shareholders and other security holders of Pembina are dependent on senior management and the directors of Pembina for the governance, administration and management of the Company. Certain directors and officers of Pembina may be directors or officers of entities in competition to Pembina or may be directors or officers of certain entities in which Pembina holds an equity investment in. As such, certain directors or officers of Pembina may encounter conflicts of interest in the administration of their duties with respect to Pembina. Pembina mitigates this risk by requiring directors and officers to disclose the existence of potential conflicts in accordance with Pembina’s Code of Ethics and in accordance with the ABCA.
Litigation
In the course of their business, Pembina and its various subsidiaries and affiliates may be subject to lawsuits and other claims, including with respect to our growth or expansion projects. Defence and settlement costs associated with such lawsuits and claims may be substantial, even with respect to lawsuits and claims that have no merit. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, the resolution of any particular legal or other proceeding may have a material adverse effect on the financial position or operating results of Pembina.
Foreign exchange risk
Pembina's cash flows, namely a portion of its commodity-related cash flows, certain cash flows from U.S.-based infrastructure assets, and distributions from U.S.-based investments in equity accounted investees, are subject to currency risk, arising from the denomination of specific cash flows in U.S. dollars. Additionally, a portion of Pembina's capital expenditures, and contributions or loans to Pembina’s U.S.-based investments in equity accounted investees, may be denominated in U.S. dollars. Pembina monitors, assesses, and responds to these foreign currency risks using an active risk management program, which may include the exchange of foreign currency for domestic currency at a fixed rate.
Cyber security
Pembina's infrastructure, technologies and data are becoming increasingly integrated, which creates a risk that the failure of one system could lead to failure of other systems. There is also a risk of a cyber-attack targeting the industry is also increasing. A breach in the security or failure of the Company's information technology could result in operational outages, delays, damage to assets or the environment, reputational harm, lost profits, lost data and other adverse outcomes. The Company's security strategy focuses on information technology security risk management, which includes continuous monitoring, threat detection and an incident response protocol.

47 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Health and safety
The operation of Pembina's business is subject to hazards of gathering, processing, transporting, fractionating, storing and marketing hydrocarbon products. Such hazards include, but are not limited to: blowouts; fires; explosions; gaseous leaks, including sour natural gas; migration of harmful substances; oil spills; corrosion; and acts of vandalism and terrorism. These hazards may interrupt operations, impact Pembina's reputation, cause loss of life or personal injury, result in loss of or damage to equipment, property, information technology systems, related data and control systems or cause environmental damage that may include polluting water, land or air.
Risks relating to U.S. Tax Reform
On December 20, 2017, the U.S. Congress passed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA"), which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The TCJA makes significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 , as amended, including, among other things, a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. While Pembina does not currently expect a material tax impact to the Company based on the proposed regulations and guidance that have been released to date for certain technical provisions in the TCJA, future amendments to these regulations and interpretations could result in changes to the Company’s assessment .
11. NON-GAAP MEASURES
Throughout this MD&A, Pembina has used the following terms that are not defined by GAAP but are used by management to evaluate the performance of Pembina and its businesses. Since non-GAAP measures do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies, securities regulations require that non-GAAP measures are clearly defined, qualified and reconciled to their nearest GAAP measure. These non-GAAP measures are calculated and disclosed on a consistent basis from period to period. Comparative figures have been restated for the adjustments made to the definitions.
The intent of non-GAAP measures is to provide additional useful information with respect to Pembina's operational and financial performance to investors and analysts though the measures do not have any standardized meaning under IFRS. The measures should not, therefore, be considered in isolation or used in substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS. Other issuers may calculate these non-GAAP measures differently.
Investors should be cautioned that net revenue, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA per common share, adjusted cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from operating activities per common share, adjusted cash flow from operating activities per common share and operating margin should not be construed as alternatives to revenue, earnings, cash flow from operating activities, gross profit or other measures of financial results determined in accordance with GAAP as indicators of Pembina's performance.
Non-GAAP proportionate consolidation of investments in equity accounted investees results
In accordance with IFRS, Pembina’s jointly controlled investments are accounted for using equity accounting. Under equity accounting, the assets and liabilities of the investment are net into a single line item in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, Investments in Equity Accounted Investees. Net earnings from investments in equity accounted investees are recognized in a single line item in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income, Share of Profit from Equity Accounted Investees. Cash contributions and distributions from investments in equity accounted investees represent Pembina’s share paid and received in the period to and from the investments in equity accounted investees. To assist the readers understanding and evaluate the performance of these investments, Pembina is supplementing the IFRS disclosure with non-GAAP proportionate consolidation of Pembina’s interest in the investments in equity accounted investees. Pembina's proportionate interest in equity accounted investees has been included in operating margin and adjusted EBITDA.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 48


Net revenue
Net revenue is a non-GAAP financial measure which is defined as total revenue less cost of goods sold including product purchases. Management believes that net revenue provides investors with a single measure to indicate the margin on sales before non-product operating expenses that is comparable between periods. Management utilizes net revenue to compare consecutive results, in the Marketing & New Ventures Division and Facilities Division, to aggregate revenue generated by each of the Company's Divisions and to set comparable objectives.
3 Months Ended December 31
Pipelines
Division
Facilities
Division
Marketing &
New Ventures
Division
Corporate &
Inter-Division
Eliminations
Total
($ millions)

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

Revenue
403

350

402

293

1,028

1,133

(107
)
(60
)
1,726

1,716

Cost of goods sold, including product purchases


137

80

952

959

(69
)
(32
)
1,020

1,007

Net revenue
403

350

265

213

76

174

(38
)
(28
)
706

709

12 Months Ended December 31
Pipelines
Division
Facilities
Division
Marketing &
New Ventures
Division
Corporate &
Inter-Division
Eliminations
Total
($ millions)
 
2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

Revenue
1,588

1,136

1,468

969

4,721

3,533

(426
)
(238
)
7,351

5,400

Cost of goods sold, including product purchases


462

197

4,335

3,105

(282
)
(140
)
4,515

3,162

Net revenue
1,588

1,136

1,006

772

386

428

(144
)
(98
)
2,836

2,238

Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("adjusted EBITDA")
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure and is calculated as earnings for the year before net finance costs, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (included in operations and general and administrative expense) and unrealized gains or losses on commodity-related derivative financial instruments. The exclusion of unrealized gains or losses on commodity-related derivative financial instruments eliminates the non-cash impact of such gains or losses.
Adjusted EBITDA also includes adjustments to earnings for losses (gains) on disposal of assets, transaction costs incurred in respect of acquisitions, impairment charges or reversals and write-downs in respect of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, and certain non-cash provisions. The adjustments made to earnings are also made to share of profit from investments in equity accounted investees. In addition, Pembina's proportionate share of results from investments in equity accounted investees with a preferred interest is presented in adjusted EBITDA as a 50 percent common interest. These additional adjustments are made to exclude various non-cash and other items that are not reflective of ongoing operations. Management believes that adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors as it is an important indicator of an issuer's ability to generate liquidity through cash flow from operating activities and equity accounted investees. Adjusted EBITDA is also used by investors and analysts for assessing financial performance and for the purpose of valuing an issuer, including calculating financial and leverage ratios. Management utilizes adjusted EBITDA to set objectives and as a key performance indicator of the Company's success. Pembina presents adjusted EBITDA as management believes it is a measure frequently used by analysts, investors and other stakeholders in evaluating the Company’s financial performance.


49 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
($ millions, except per share amounts)
2018

2017

2018

2017

Earnings attributable to shareholders
368

445

1,278

883

Adjustments to share of profit from equity accounted investees
105

78

439

89

Net finance costs
56

71

279

185

Income tax expense (recovery)
147

(41
)
464

142

Depreciation and amortization
108

119

417

382

Unrealized gains on commodity-related derivative financial instruments
(89
)
(14
)
(73
)
(23
)
Impairment charges (reversals) and write-downs in respect of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, non-cash provisions and other
18

(2
)
22

14

Transaction costs incurred in respect of acquisitions
2

18

9

25

Adjusted EBITDA
715

674

2,835

1,697

Adjusted EBITDA per common share – basic (dollars)
1.41

1.34

5.62

3.98

Adjusted cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from operating activities per common share and adjusted cash flow from operating activities per common share
Adjusted cash flow from operating activities is a non-GAAP measure which is defined as cash flow from operating activities plus the change in non-cash operating working capital, adjusting for current tax and share-based payment expenses, and deducting preferred share dividends declared. Adjusted cash flow from operating activities excludes preferred share dividends paid because they are not attributable to common shareholders. The calculation has been modified to include current tax and share-based payment expense as it allows management to better assess the obligations discussed below. Management believes that adjusted cash flow from operating activities provides comparable information to investors for assessing financial performance during each reporting period. Management utilizes adjusted cash flow from operating activities to set objectives and as a key performance indicator of the Company's ability to meet interest obligations, dividend payments and other commitments. Per common share amounts are calculated by dividing cash flow from operating activities, or adjusted cash flow from operating activities, as applicable, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
 
3 Months Ended December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
 
(unaudited)
($ millions, except per share amounts)
2018

2017

2018

2017

Cash flow from operating activities
674

523

2,256

1,513

Cash flow from operating activities per common share – basic (dollars)
1.33

1.04

4.47

3.55

Add (deduct):
 
 
 
 
Change in non-cash operating working capital
(65
)
41

83

18

Current tax expense
(8
)
(29
)
(70
)
(48
)
Taxes (received) paid, net of foreign exchange
(13
)
6

23

30

Accrued share-based payments
(8
)
(16
)
(48
)
(56
)
Share-based payments


32

22

Preferred share dividends paid
(37
)
(26
)
(122
)
(83
)
Adjusted cash flow from operating activities
543

499

2,154

1,396

Adjusted cash flow from operating activities per common share – basic (dollars)
1.07

0.99

4.27

3.27

Operating margin
Operating margin is a non-GAAP measure which is defined as gross profit on a proportionately consolidated basis before depreciation and amortization included in operations and unrealized gain/loss on commodity-related derivative financial instruments from assets directly held and proportionate interest in operating margin from investments in equity accounted investees. Pembina's proportionate share of results from investments in equity accounted investees with a preferred distribution is presented in operating margin as a 50 percent common interest. Management believes that operating margin

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 50


provides useful information to investors for assessing the financial performance of the Company's operations and equity investments. Management utilizes operating margin in setting objectives and views it as a key performance indicator of the Company's success.
Reconciliation of operating margin to gross profit:
3 Months Ended December 31
Pipelines
Division
Facilities
Division
Marketing &
New Ventures
Division
Corporate &
Inter-Division
Eliminations
Total
($ millions)
 
2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

Revenue
403

350

402

293

1,028

1,133

(107
)
(60
)
1,726

1,716

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization included in operations)




















Operating expenses
120

98

87

62



(42
)
(30
)
165

130

Cost of goods sold, including product purchases


137

80

952

959

(69
)
(32
)
1,020

1,007

Realized (gains) losses on commodity-related derivative financial instruments




(5
)
42



(5
)
42

Proportionate operating margin from investments in equity accounted investees (1)  
154

143

60

35

40

34



254

212

Operating margin
437

395

238

186

121

166

4

2

800

749

Depreciation and amortization included in operations
(56
)
(69
)
(39
)
(37
)
(6
)
(6
)


(101
)
(112
)
Unrealized gains on commodity-related derivative financial instruments




89

14



89

14

Share of profit from equity accounted investees
74

72

16

22

39

22



129

116

Proportionate operating margin from Investments in Equity Accounted Investees (1)
(154
)
(143
)
(60
)
(35
)
(40
)
(34
)


(254
)
(212
)
Gross profit
301

255

155

136

203

162

4

2

663

555

(1)  
Excludes depreciation and amortization included in earnings from investments in equity accounted investees of $82 million , general and administrative expenses of $21 million , finance costs of $30 million and share of earnings in excess of equity of $8 million for a total equity income of $129 million .
12 Months Ended December 31
Pipelines
Division
Facilities
Division
Marketing &
New Ventures
Division
Corporate &
Inter-Division
Eliminations
Total
($ millions)
 
2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

Revenue
1,588

1,136

1,468

969

4,721

3,533

(426
)
(238
)
7,351

5,400

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization included in operations)




















Operating expenses
396

330

313

227



(158
)
(107
)
551

450

Cost of goods sold, including product purchases


462

197

4,335

3,105

(282
)
(140
)
4,515

3,162

Realized losses on commodity-related derivative financial instruments

1



51

93



51

94

Proportionate operating margin from investments in equity accounted investees (1)  
581

143

206

51

133

34



920

228

Operating margin
1,773

948

899

596

468

369

14

9

3,154

1,922

Depreciation and amortization included in operations
(216
)
(195
)
(149
)
(138
)
(26
)
(26
)


(391
)
(359
)
Unrealized gains on commodity-related derivative financial instruments

1



73

22



73

23

Share of profit from equity accounted investees
279

72

30

22

102

22



411

116

Proportionate operating margin from Investments in Equity Accounted Investees (1)
(581
)
(143
)
(206
)
(51
)
(133
)
(34
)


(920
)
(228
)
Gross profit
1,255

683

574

429

484

353

14

9

2,327

1,474

(1)  
Excludes depreciation and amortization included in earnings from investments in equity accounted investees of $332 million , general and administrative expenses of $70 million , finance costs of $150 million and share of earnings in excess of equity of $43 million for a total equity income of $411 million .     

51 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


12. ABBREVIATIONS
The following is a list of abbreviations that may be used in this MD&A:
Measurement
 
Other
 
mbbls
thousands of barrels
B.C.
British Columbia
mbpd
thousands of barrels per day
DRIP
Premium Dividend™ 1  and Dividend Reinvestment Plan
mmbpd
millions of barrels per day
GAAP
Canadian generally accepted accounting principles
mmbbls
millions of barrels
IFRS
International Financial Reporting Standards
mboe/d
thousands of barrels of oil equivalent per day
LNG
Liquified natural gas
MMcf/d
millions of cubic feet per day
LPG
Liquified petroleum gas
bcf/d
billions of cubic feet per day
NGL
Natural gas liquids
km
kilometer
U.S.
United States
 
 
WCSB
Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
 
 
deep cut
Ethane-plus capacity extraction gas processing capabilities
 
 
shallow cut
Sweet gas processing with propane and/or condensate-plus extraction capabilities
 
 
volumes
For the Pipelines and Facilities Divisions volumes are revenue volumes, defined as physical volumes plus volumes recognized from take-or-pay commitments. For the Marking & New Ventures Division volumes are marketed NGL volumes. Volumes are stated in mboe/d, with natural gas volumes converted to mboe/d from MMcf/d at a 6:1 ratio.
Investments in equity accounted investees:
Alliance
50 percent interest in the Alliance Pipeline;
Ruby
50 percent convertible preferred interest in the Ruby Pipeline which entitles Pembina to a US$91 million distribution per year;
Veresen Midstream
45 percent interest (as of December 31, 2018) in Veresen Midstream, which owns assets in western Canada serving the Montney geological play in northwestern Alberta and northeastern B.C. including gas processing plants and gas gathering pipelines and compression;
Aux Sable
An ownership interest in Aux Sable (approximately 42.7 percent in Aux Sable U.S. and 50 percent in Aux Sable Canada), which includes an NGL fractionation facility and gas processing capacity near Chicago, Illinois and other natural gas and NGL processing facilities, logistics and distribution assets in the U.S. and Canada, as well as transportation contracts on Alliance;
CKPC
50 percent interest in Canada Kuwait Petrochemical Corporation ("CKPC");
Fort Corp
50 percent interest in Fort Saskatchewan Ethylene Storage Limited Partnership and Fort Saskatchewan Ethylene Corporation; and
Grand Valley
75 percent jointly controlled interest in Grand Valley 1 Limited Partnership wind farm ("Grand Valley").

Readers are referred to the Annual Information Form dated February 21, 2019 on www.sedar.com for additional descriptions.













__________________________________________
1 TM denotes trademark of Canaccord Genuity Corp.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 52


13. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS & INFORMATION
In the interest of providing Pembina's security holders and potential investors with information regarding Pembina, including management's assessment of the Company's future plans and operations, certain statements contained in this MD&A constitute forward-looking statements or information (collectively, "forward-looking statements"). Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as "anticipate", "continue", "estimate", "expect", "may", "will", "project", "should", "could", "would", "believe", "plan", "intend", "design", "target", "undertake", "view", "indicate", "maintain", "explore", "entail", "schedule", "objective", "strategy", "likely", "potential", "outlook", "aim", "purpose", "goal" and similar expressions suggesting future events or future performance.
By their nature, such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. Pembina believes the expectations reflected in those forward-looking statements are reasonable but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct and such forward-looking statements included in this MD&A should not be unduly relied upon. These statements speak only as of the date of the MD&A.
In particular, this MD&A contains forward-looking statements pertaining to the following:
the future levels and sustainability of cash dividends that Pembina intends to pay to its shareholders, the dividend payment date and the tax treatment thereof;
planning, construction, capital expenditure estimates, schedules, regulatory and environmental applications and anticipated approvals, expected capacity, incremental volumes, in-service dates, rights, activities, benefits and operations with respect to new construction of, or expansions on existing, pipelines, gas services facilities, fractionation facilities, terminalling, storage and hub facilities and other facilities or energy infrastructure, as well as the impact of the Company's new projects on its future financial performance;
anticipated synergies between assets under development, assets being acquired and existing assets of the Company;
pipeline, processing, fractionation and storage facility and system operations and throughput levels;
treatment under governmental regulatory regimes in Canada and the U.S. including taxes and tax regimes, environmental and greenhouse gas regulations and related abandonment and reclamation obligations, and Aboriginal, landowner and other stakeholder consultation requirements;
Pembina's estimates of and strategy for payment of future abandonment costs and decommissioning obligations, and deferred tax liability;
Pembina's strategy and the development and expected timing of new business initiatives and growth opportunities and the impact thereof;
increased throughput potential, processing capacity and fractionation capacity due to increased oil and gas industry activity and new connections and other initiatives on Pembina's pipelines and at Pembina's facilities;
expected future cash flows and the sufficiency thereof, financial strength, sources of and access to funds at attractive rates, future contractual obligations, future financing options, future renewal of credit facilities, availability of capital to fund growth plans, operating obligations and dividends and the use of proceeds from financings;
current ratings targets on Pembina's debt and the likelihood of a downgrade below investment-grade ratings;
tolls and tariffs and processing, transportation, fractionation, storage and services commitments and contracts;
operating risks (including the amount of future liabilities related to pipelines spills and other environmental incidents) and related insurance coverage and inspection and integrity programs;
the adoption and impact of new accounting standards;
inventory and pricing in North American liquids market;
the impact of the current commodity price environment on Pembina; and
competitive conditions and Pembina's ability to position itself competitively in the industry.
Various factors or assumptions are typically applied by Pembina in drawing conclusions or making the forecasts, projections, predictions or estimations set out in forward-looking statements based on information currently available to Pembina. These factors and assumptions include, but are not limited to:
oil and gas industry exploration and development activity levels and the geographic region of such activity;
the success of Pembina's operations;
prevailing commodity prices, interest rates and exchange rates and the ability of Pembina to maintain current credit ratings;
the availability of capital to fund future capital requirements relating to existing assets and projects;
 
expectations regarding the Company's pension plan;
future operating costs including geotechnical and integrity costs being consistent with historical costs;
oil and gas industry compensation levels remaining consistent;
in respect of current developments, expansions, planned capital expenditures, completion dates and capacity expectations: that third parties will provide any necessary support; that any third-party projects relating to growth projects will be sanctioned and completed as expected; that any required commercial agreements can be reached; that all required regulatory and environmental approvals can be obtained on the necessary terms in a timely manner; that counterparties will comply with contracts in a timely manner; that there are no unforeseen events preventing the performance of contracts or the completion of the relevant facilities, and that there are no unforeseen material costs relating to the facilities which are not recoverable from customers;
in respect of the stability of Pembina's dividends: prevailing commodity prices, margins and exchange rates; that Pembina's future results of operations will be consistent with past performance and management expectations in relation thereto; the continued availability of capital at attractive prices to fund future capital requirements relating to existing assets and projects, including but not limited to future capital expenditures relating to expansion, upgrades and maintenance shutdowns; the success of growth projects; future operating costs; that counterparties to material agreements will continue to perform in a timely manner; that there are no unforeseen events preventing the performance of contracts; and that there are no unforeseen material construction or other costs related to current growth projects or current operations;
prevailing regulatory, tax and environmental laws and regulations and tax pool utilization; and
the amount of future liabilities relating to lawsuits and environmental incidents and the availability of coverage under Pembina's insurance policies (including in respect of Pembina's business interruption insurance policy).
The actual results of Pembina could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of the material risk factors set forth below:
the regulatory environment and decisions and Aboriginal and landowner consultation requirements;
the impact of competitive entities and pricing;
labour and material shortages;
the failure to realize the anticipated benefits of the Acquisition following closing due to the factors set out herein, integration issues or otherwise;
reliance on key relationships, joint venture partners, and agreements and the outcome of stakeholder engagement;
the strength and operations of the oil and natural gas production industry and related commodity prices;
non-performance or default by counterparties to agreements which Pembina or one or more of its subsidiaries has entered into in respect of its business;
actions by joint venture partners or other partners which hold interests in certain of Pembina's assets.
actions by governmental or regulatory authorities including changes in tax laws and treatment, changes in royalty rates, climate change initiatives or policies or increased environmental regulation;
fluctuations in operating results;
adverse general economic and market conditions in Canada, North America and elsewhere, including changes, or prolonged weakness, as applicable, in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, supply/demand trends and overall industry activity levels;
constraints on, or the unavailability of adequate infrastructure;
changes in the political environment, in North America and elsewhere, and public opinion;
ability to access various sources of debt and equity capital;
changes in credit ratings;
technology and security risks;
natural catastrophe; and
the other factors discussed under "Risk Factors" herein and in Pembina's AIF for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Pembina's AIF is available at www.pembina.com and in Canada under Pembina's company profile on www.sedar.com and in the U.S. on the Company's profile at www.sec.gov.
These factors should not be construed as exhaustive. Unless required by law, Pembina does not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Any forward-looking statements contained herein are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement.

53 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


MANAGEMENT'S REPORT
The audited consolidated financial statements of Pembina Pipeline Corporation (the "Company" or "Pembina") are the responsibility of Pembina's management. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, using management's best estimates and judgments, where appropriate.
Management is responsible for the reliability and integrity of the financial statements, the notes to the financial statements and other financial information contained in this report. In the preparation of these financial statements, estimates are sometimes necessary because a precise determination of certain assets and liabilities is dependent on future events. Management believes such estimates have been based on careful judgments and have been properly reflected in the accompanying financial statements.
Management's Assessment of Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f) under the Exchange Act and under NI 52-109.
Management, including the CEO and the CFO, has conducted an evaluation of Pembina's internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on management's assessment as at December 31, 2018 , the CEO and CFO have concluded that Pembina's internal control over financial reporting is effective.
Due to its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of Pembina's financial statements would be prevented or detected. Further, the evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting was made as at a specific date, and continued effectiveness in future periods is subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate.
The Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") is responsible for ensuring management fulfills its responsibilities for financial reporting and internal control. The Board is assisted in exercising its responsibilities through the Audit Committee, which consists of five non-management directors. The Audit Committee meets periodically with management and the auditors to satisfy itself that management's responsibilities are properly discharged, to review the financial statements and to recommend approval of the financial statements to the Board.
KPMG LLP, the independent auditors, have audited the Company's financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). The independent auditors have full and unrestricted access to the Audit Committee to discuss their audit and their related findings.


"M. H. Dilger"
M. H. Dilger
President and Chief Executive Officer
"J. Scott Burrows"
J. Scott Burrows
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
February 21, 2019

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 54


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Pembina Pipeline Corporation
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Pembina Pipeline Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”), as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the related consolidated statements of earnings and comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , and the financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 , based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 21, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

KPMGSIG.JPG
Chartered Professional Accountants
We have served as the Company's auditor since 1997.
Calgary, Canada
February 21, 2019


55 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Pembina Pipeline Corporation
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Pembina Pipeline Corporation’s and subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 , based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 , based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated statements of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the related consolidated statements of earnings and comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 21, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting included in Management`s Discussion and Analysis. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 56



Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

KPMGSIGA01.JPG
Chartered Professional Accountants
Calgary, Canada
February 21, 2019



57 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
As at December 31
 
 
 
($ millions)
Note
2018

2017

Assets
Current assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
157

321

Trade receivables and other
7
604

529

Inventory
 
198

168

Derivative financial instruments
24
54

4

 
 
1,013

1,022

Non-current assets
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
8
14,730

13,546

Investments in equity accounted investees
10
6,368

6,229

Intangible assets and goodwill
9
4,409

4,714

Advances to related parties
28
135

42

Other assets
 
9

13

 
 
25,651

24,544

Total Assets
 
26,664

25,566

Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities
 
 
 
Trade payables and accrued liabilities
12
803

677

Loans and borrowings
13
480

163

Dividends payable
 
97

91

Convertible debentures
14

93

Contract liabilities
3,18
37

44

Derivative financial instruments
24
6

79

Taxes payable
 
67

3

 
 
1,490

1,150

Non-current liabilities
 
 
 
Loans and borrowings
13
7,057

7,300

Decommissioning provision
15
569

546

Contract liabilities
3,18
131

113

Employee benefits, share-based payments and other
 
74

66

Taxes payable
 
15

22

Deferred tax liabilities
11
2,774

2,376

Other liabilities
 
150

152

 
 
10,770

10,575

Total Liabilities
 
12,260

11,725

Equity
 
 
 
Attributable to shareholders
 
14,344

13,781

Attributable to non-controlling interest
6
60

60

Total Equity
 
14,404

13,841

Total Liabilities and Equity
 
26,664

25,566

Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
29




See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
Approved on behalf of the Board of Directors:


"Gordon J. Kerr"
Gordon J. Kerr
Director
"Randall J. Findlay"
Randall J. Findlay
Director

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 58


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the years ended December 31
 
 
 
($ millions, except per share amounts)
Note
2018

2017

Revenue
3,18
7,351

5,400

Cost of sales
 
5,457

3,971

(Gain) loss on commodity-related derivative financial instruments
 
(22
)
71

Share of profit from equity accounted investees
10
411

116

Gross profit
 
2,327

1,474

General and administrative
 
279

236

Other expense
 
27

28

Results from operating activities
 
2,021

1,210

Net finance costs
19
279

185

Earnings before income tax
 
1,742

1,025

Current tax expense
11
70

48

Deferred tax expense
11
394

94

Income tax expense
 
464

142

Earnings attributable to shareholders
 
1,278

883

Other comprehensive (loss) income
 
 
 
Exchange gain on translation of foreign operations
 
330

1

Remeasurements of defined benefit liability, net of tax
22
(6
)
3

Total comprehensive income attributable to shareholders
 
1,602

887

Earnings attributable to common shareholders, net of preferred share dividends
21
1,157

803

Earnings per common share  – basic (dollars)
21
2.28

1.87

Earnings per common share – diluted (dollars)
21
2.28

1.86

Weighted average number of common shares (millions)
 
 
 
Basic
21
505

426

Diluted
21
509

432

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements


59 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
 
 
Attributable to Shareholders of the Company
 
 
($ millions)
Note
Common share capital

Preferred share capital

Deficit

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income

Total

Non-controlling interest

Total Equity

December 31, 2017
3
13,447

2,424

(2,083
)
(7
)
13,781

60

13,841

Total comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings
 


1,278


1,278


1,278

Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exchange gain on translation of foreign operations
 



330

330


330

Remeasurements of defined benefit liability, net of tax
 



(6
)
(6
)

(6
)
Total comprehensive income
 


1,278

324

1,602


1,602

Transactions with shareholders of the Company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred shares issue costs
16

(1
)


(1
)

(1
)
Debenture conversions
16
140




140


140

Share-based payment transactions
16
75




75


75

Dividends declared – common
16


(1,131
)

(1,131
)

(1,131
)
Dividends declared – preferred
16


(122
)

(122
)

(122
)
Total transactions with shareholders of the Company
 
215

(1
)
(1,253
)

(1,039
)

(1,039
)
December 31, 2018
 
13,662

2,423

(2,058
)
317

14,344

60

14,404

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
8,808

1,509

(2,010
)
(11
)
8,296


8,296

Total comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings
3


883


883


883

Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exchange loss on translation of foreign operations
 



1

1


1

Remeasurements of defined benefit liability, net of tax
 



3

3


3

Total comprehensive income
 


883

4

887


887

Transactions with shareholders of the Company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common shares issued, net of issue costs
16
4,356




4,356


4,356

Preferred shares issued, net of issue costs
16

915



915


915

Dividend reinvestment plan
16
148




148


148

Debenture conversions
16
73




73


73

Share-based payment transactions
16
62




62


62

Dividends declared – common
16


(873
)

(873
)

(873
)
Dividends declared – preferred
16


(83
)

(83
)

(83
)
Total transactions with shareholders of the Company
 
4,639

915

(956
)

4,598


4,598

Non-controlling interest recognized on Acquisition
6





60

60

December 31, 2017
 
13,447

2,424

(2,083
)
(7
)
13,781

60

13,841

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 60


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the years ended December 31
 
 
 
($ millions)
Note
2018

2017

Cash provided by (used in)
 
 
 
Operating activities
 
 
 
Earnings
3
1,278

883

Adjustments for:
 
 
 
Share of profit from equity accounted investees
10
(411
)
(116
)
Distributions from equity accounted investees
10
622

157

Depreciation and amortization
8,9
417

382

Unrealized gain on commodity-related derivative financial instruments
 
(73
)
(23
)
Net finance costs
19
279

185

Net interest paid
19
(259
)
(153
)
Income tax expense
11
464

142

Taxes paid
 
(26
)
(30
)
Share-based compensation expense
23
63

73

Share-based compensation payment
 
(32
)
(22
)
Loss on asset disposal
 
19

12

Net change in contract liabilities
 
11

41

Other
 
(13
)

Change in non-cash operating working capital
 
(83
)
(18
)
Cash flow from operating activities
3
2,256

1,513

Financing activities
 
 
 
Bank borrowings and issuance of debt
 
1,366

2,542

Repayment of loans and borrowings
 
(1,998
)
(1,279
)
Issuance of preferred shares
16

400

Issuance of medium term notes
13
700

1,200

Issue costs and financing fees
 
(8
)
(23
)
Exercise of stock options
 
61

46

Dividends paid (net of shares issued under the dividend reinvestment plan)
 
(1,247
)
(781
)
Cash flow (used in) from financing activities
 
(1,126
)
2,105

Investing activities
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
 
(1,226
)
(1,839
)
Contributions to equity accounted investees
10
(58
)
(7
)
Acquisitions
 

(1,338
)
Interest paid during construction
19
(35
)
(63
)
Recovery of assets or proceeds from sale
 
5

2

Advances to related parties
 
(84
)
(23
)
Changes in non-cash investing working capital and other
 
87

(64
)
Cash flow used in investing activities
 
(1,311
)
(3,332
)
Change in cash and cash equivalents
 
(181
)
286

Effect of movement in exchange rates on cash held
 
17


Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
 
321

35

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
 
157

321

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

61 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. REPORTING ENTITY
Pembina Pipeline Corporation ("Pembina" or the "Company") is a Calgary-based, leading transportation and midstream service provider serving North America's energy industry. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiary companies, partnerships and any investments in associates and joint arrangements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2018 .
Pembina owns an integrated system of pipelines that transport various hydrocarbon liquids and natural gas products produced primarily in western Canada. The Company also owns gas gathering and processing facilities and an oil and natural gas liquids infrastructure, storage and logistics business. Pembina's integrated assets and commercial operations along the majority of the hydrocarbon value chain allow it to offer a full spectrum of midstream and marketing services to the energy sector.
2. BASIS OF PREPARATION
a. Basis of measurement and statement of compliance
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis with some exceptions, as detailed in the accounting policies set out below in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"). These accounting policies have been applied consistently for all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.
Certain insignificant comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted in the current year.
These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by Pembina's Board of Directors on February 21, 2019 .
b. Functional and presentation currency
The consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars. All financial information presented in Canadian dollars has been disclosed in millions, except where noted. The assets and liabilities of subsidiaries, and investments in equity accounted investees, whose functional currencies are other than Canadian dollars are translated into Canadian dollars at the foreign exchange rate at the balance sheet date, while revenues and expenses of such subsidiaries are translated using average monthly foreign exchange rates, which approximate the foreign exchange rates on the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of subsidiaries and investments in equity accounted investees with a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar are included in other comprehensive income.
c. Use of estimates and judgments
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that are based on the facts and circumstances and estimates at the date of the consolidated financial statements and affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Judgments, estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.
The following judgment and estimation uncertainties are those management considers material to the Company's consolidated financial statements:
Judgments
(i) Business combinations
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The determination of fair value often requires management to make judgments about future possible events. The assumptions with respect to

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 62


determining the fair value of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and liabilities acquired, as well as the determination of deferred taxes, generally require the most judgment.
(ii) Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are based on management's judgment of the most appropriate method to reflect the pattern of an asset's future economic benefit expected to be consumed by the Company. Among other factors, these judgments are based on industry standards and historical experience.
(iii) Impairment
Assessment of impairment of non-financial assets is based on management’s judgment of whether or not there are sufficient internal or external factors that would indicate that an asset, investment, or cash generating unit ("CGU") is impaired. The determination of a CGU is based on management’s judgment and is an assessment of the smallest group of assets that generate cash inflows independently of other assets. In addition, management applies judgment to assign goodwill acquired as part of a business combination to the CGU or group of CGUs that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination for purposes of impairment testing. When an impairment test is performed, the carrying value of a CGU or group of CGUs is compared to its recoverable amount, defined as the greater of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. As such, the asset composition of a CGU or group of CGUs directly impacts both the carrying value and recoverability of the assets included therein.
(iv) Assessment of joint control over joint arrangements
The determination of joint control requires judgment about the influence the Company has over the financial and operating decisions of an arrangement and the extent of the benefits it obtains based on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement during the reporting period. Joint control exists when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties that control the arrangement collectively. Ownership percentage alone may not be a determinant of joint control.
(v) Pattern of revenue recognition
The pattern of revenue recognition is impacted by management’s judgments as to the nature of the Company’s performance obligations, the amount of consideration allocated to performance obligations that are not sold on a stand-alone basis, the valuation of material rights and the timing of when those performance obligations have been satisfied.
(vi) Leases
Management applies judgment to determine if an arrangement contains a lease from both a lessee and lessor perspective. This assessment is based on management’s expectations regarding existing and future customers and the nature of the underlying assets.
Estimates
(i) Business combinations
Estimates of future cash flows, forecast prices, interest rates, discount rates, cost, market values and useful lives are made in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Changes in any of the assumptions or estimates used in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities could impact the amounts assigned to assets, liabilities, intangible assets, goodwill and deferred taxes in the purchase price equation. Future earnings can be affected as a result of changes in future depreciation and amortization, asset or goodwill impairment.

63 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


(ii) Provisions and contingencies
Management uses judgment in determining the likelihood of realization of contingent assets and liabilities to determine the outcome of contingencies. Provisions recognized are based on management's best estimate of the timing, scope and amount of expected future cash outflows to settle the obligation.
Based on the long-term nature of the decommissioning provision, the most significant uncertainties in estimating the provision are the discount and inflation rates used, the costs that will be incurred and the timing of when these costs will occur.
(iii) Deferred taxes
The calculation of the deferred tax asset or liability is based on assumptions about the timing of many taxable events and the enacted or substantively enacted rates anticipated to be applicable to income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be realized or reversed.
(iv) Depreciation and amortization
Estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are based on management's assumptions and estimates of the physical useful lives of the assets, the economic lives, which may be associated with the reserve lives and commodity type of the production area, in addition to the estimated residual value.
(v) Goodwill impairment test
In determining the recoverable amount as part of annual goodwill impairment testing, management uses its best estimates of future cash flows, and assesses discount rates to reflect management’s best estimate of a rate that reflects a current market assessment of the time value of money and the specific risks associated with the underlying assets and cash flows.
(vi) Impairment of financial assets
The measurement of financial assets carried at amortized cost includes management’s estimates regarding the expected credit losses that will be realized on these financial assets.
(vii) Revenue from contracts with customers
In estimating the contract value, management makes assessments as to whether variable consideration is constrained or not reasonably estimable, such that an amount or portion of an amount cannot be included in the estimate of the contract value. Management's estimates of the likelihood of a customer’s ability to use outstanding make-up rights may impact the timing of revenue recognition. In addition, in determining the amount of consideration to be allocated to performance obligations that are not sold on a stand-alone basis, management estimates the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation under the contract, taking into consideration the location and volume of goods or services being provided, the market environment, and customer specific considerations.
(viii) Fair value of financial instruments
For Level 2 valued financial instruments, management makes assumptions and estimates value based on observable inputs such as quoted forward prices, time value and volatility factors. For Level 3 valued financial instruments, management uses estimates of financial forecasts, expected cash flows and risk adjusted discount rates to measure fair value.
(ix) Employee benefit obligations
An actuarial valuation is prepared to measure the Company’s net employee benefit obligations using management’s best estimates with respect to longevity, discount rates, compensation increases, market returns on plan assets, retirement and termination rates.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 64


3. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Except for the changes as described below, accounting policies as disclosed in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements have been applied to all periods consistently.
The Company has retrospectively adopted IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers effective January 1, 2018.
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
a.
Transition
IFRS 15 establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is recognized, and has replaced IAS 18 Revenue and related interpretations. The Company adopted IFRS 15 at the date of initial application of January 1, 2018, and has applied IFRS 15 retrospectively, restating the reported comparative period. In determining the restated values, the Company used the practical expedient to not restate contracts that began and ended in the same annual reporting period. No significant impact was identified as a result of the practical expedient applied on transition.
b.
Consolidated financial statement impacts
An opening Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at January 1, 2017 has not been presented as the impact of the adoption of IFRS 15 on the opening Consolidated Statement of Financial Position is immaterial.
The following table presents the impact of adopting IFRS 15 on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income and the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2017 for each of the line items affected.
i.
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
As at December 31, 2017
 
 
 
($ millions)
Previously Reported

Adjustments

Restated

Trade payables and accrued liabilities
713

(36
)
677

Contract liabilities

44

44

Deficit
(2,075
)
(8
)
(2,083
)
ii.
Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income
Year ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
($ millions)
Previously Reported

Adjustments

Restated

Revenue
5,408

(8
)
5,400

Earnings before income tax
1,033

(8
)
1,025

Earnings attributable to shareholders
891

(8
)
883

Basic earnings per common share
1.89

(0.02
)
1.87

Diluted earnings per common share
1.88

(0.02
)
1.86

iii.
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Year ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
($ millions)
Previously Reported

Adjustments

Restated

Cash provided by (used in)



Operating activities



Earnings
891

(8
)
883

Net change in contract liabilities
33

8

41

Cash flow from operating activities
1,513


1,513


65 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


c.
Accounting policies
The details of significant accounting policies under IFRS 15 and the nature of the changes to previous accounting policies under IAS 18 are outlined below.
Take-or-Pay
The Company provides transportation, gas processing, fractionation, terminalling, and storage services under take-or-pay contracts. In a take-or-pay contract, the Company is entitled to a minimum fee for the firm service promised to a customer over the contract period, regardless of actual volumes transported, processed, or stored. This minimum fee can be represented as a set fee for an annual minimum volume, or an annual minimum revenue requirement. In addition, these contracts may include variable consideration for operating costs that are flow through to the customer.
The Company satisfies its performance obligations and recognizes revenue for services under take-or-pay commitments when volumes are transported, processed, or stored. Make-up rights may arise when a customer does not fulfill their minimum volume commitment in a certain period, but is allowed to use the delivery of future volumes to meet this commitment. These make-up rights are subject to expiry and have varying conditions associated with them. Under IFRS 15, when contract terms allow a customer to exercise their make-up rights using firm volume commitments, revenue is not recognized until these make-up rights are used, expire, or management determines that it is remote that they will be utilized. If the Company bills a customer for unused service in an earlier period and the customer utilizes available make-up rights, the Company records a refund liability for the amount to be returned to the customer through an annual adjustment process. For contracts where no make-up rights exist, revenue is recognized to take-or-pay levels once Pembina has an enforceable right to payment for the take-or-pay volumes. Make-up rights generally expire within a contract year, and the majority of the related contract years follow the calendar year.
Under the previously utilized IAS 18, revenue was recognized based on capacity provided under contracted firm service rather than volumes transported, processed, or stored. This resulted in revenue being recognized to take-or-pay levels once firm service had been provided for all contracts. As a result of IFRS 15 adoption, when customers are transporting, processing, or storing volumes below their take-or-pay commitments early in a contract year, and the customer has the right to exercise their make up rights against future firm volume commitments, there will be a change to the timing of revenue recognition. Where the Company has a right to invoice to take-or-pay levels throughout the contract year, revenue is deferred and a contract liability is recorded for the volumes invoiced that were not utilized by the customer. Once the customers has used its make-up rights or it is determined to be remote that a customer will use them, the previously deferred revenue is recognized. In these instances, there will be a deferral of revenue in early quarters of the year, with subsequent recognition occurring in later quarters although there is no impact on cash flows. The change did not have a significant impact on annual revenue recognition as the majority of related contracts have make-up rights that expire within a given calendar year.
For certain arrangements where the customer does not have make-up rights, where the make-up rights have been determined to be insignificant, and for cost of service agreements, revenue is recognized using the practical expedient to recognize revenue in an amount equal to the Company's right to invoice. For these arrangements, the consideration the Company is entitled to invoice in each period is representative of the value provided to the customer. There is no change to how revenue is recognized for these contracts under IFRS 15 compared to IAS 18.
When up-front payments or non-cash consideration is received in exchange for future services to be performed, revenue is deferred as a contract liability and recognized over the period the performance obligation is expected to be satisfied. Non-cash consideration is measured at the fair value of the non-cash consideration received. There is no change to how revenue is recognized for these contracts under IFRS 15 compared to IAS 18.
Fee-for-Service
Fee-for-service revenue includes firm contracted revenue that is not subject to take-or-pay commitments and interruptible revenue. The Company satisfies its performance obligations for transportation, gas processing, fractionation, terminalling, and

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 66


storage as volumes of product are transported, processed, or stored. Revenue is based on a contracted fee and consideration is variable with respect to volumes. Payment is due in the month following the Company’s provision of service.
There is no change to how revenue is recognized for fee-for-service revenue under IFRS 15 compared to IAS 18.
Product Sales
The Company satisfies its performance obligation on product sales at the time legal title to the product is transferred to the customer. Certain commodity buy/sell arrangements where control of the product has not transferred to the Company are recognized on a net basis in revenue.
For product sales, revenue is recognized using the practical expedient to recognize revenue in an amount equal to the Company's right to invoice as the consideration the Company is entitled to invoice in each period is representative of the value provided to the customer. There is no change to how revenue is recognized for these product sales under IFRS 15 compared to IAS 18.
4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The accounting policies as set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.
a. Basis of consolidation
i) Business combinations
The Company measures goodwill as the fair value of the consideration transferred including the recognized amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, less the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, all measured as of the acquisition date. When the excess is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognized immediately in earnings.
The Company elects on a transaction-by-transaction basis whether to measure non-controlling interest at its fair value, or at its proportionate share of the recognized amount of the identifiable net assets, at the acquisition date.
Non-controlling interests represent equity interests in subsidiaries owned by outside parties. The share of net assets of subsidiaries attributable to non-controlling interests is presented as a separate component of equity. Their share of net income and other comprehensive income is also recognized in this separate component of equity. Changes in the Company's ownership interest in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions. Adjustments to non-controlling interests are based on a proportionate amount of the net assets of the subsidiary. No adjustments are made to goodwill and no gain or loss is recognized in earnings.
Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.
ii) Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities, including unincorporated entities such as partnerships, controlled by the Company. The financial results of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. The accounting policies of subsidiaries are aligned with the policies adopted by the Company.
iii) Joint arrangements
Joint arrangements represent activities where the Company has joint control established by a contractual agreement. Joint control requires unanimous consent for the relevant financial and operational decisions. A joint arrangement is either a joint operation, whereby the parties have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities, or a joint venture, whereby the parties have rights to the net assets.

67 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


For a joint operation, the consolidated financial statements include the Company's proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of the arrangement with items of a similar nature on a line-by-line basis, from the date that joint control commences until the date that joint control ceases.
Joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are initially recognized at cost, or fair value if acquired as part of a business combination. Joint ventures are adjusted thereafter for the post-acquisition change in the Company's share of the equity accounted investment's net assets. The Company's consolidated financial statements include its share of the equity accounted investment's profit or loss and other comprehensive income, until the date that joint control ceases. When the Company's share of losses exceeds its interest in an equity accounted investee, the carrying amount of that interest, including any long-term investments, is reduced to nil, and the recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Company has an obligation or has made payments on behalf of the investee. Distributions from investments in equity accounted investees are recognized when received.
Acquisition of an incremental ownership in a joint arrangement where the Company maintains joint control is recorded at cost or fair value if acquired as part of a business combination. Where the Company has a partial disposal, including a deemed disposal, of a joint arrangement and maintains joint control, the resulting gains or losses are recorded in earnings at the time of disposal.
iv) Transactions eliminated on consolidation
Balances and transactions, and any revenue and expenses arising from intersegment transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Gains arising from transactions with investments in equity accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Company's interest in the investee. Losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.
v) Foreign currency
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the Company's functional currency at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to the Company's functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. The foreign currency gain or loss on monetary items is the difference between amortized cost in the functional currency at the beginning of the period, adjusted for effective interest and payments during the period, and the amortized cost in foreign currency translated at the exchange rate at the end of the reporting period.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Gains and losses arising from translation of foreign subsidiaries or investments in equity accounted investees with a functional currency other than the Company's Canadian dollar reporting currency are reflected in other comprehensive income. Asset and liability accounts are translated at the period-end exchange rates while revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the time of the transaction.
b. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances, call deposits and short-term investments with original maturities of ninety days or less, and are used by the Company in the management of its short-term commitments.
c. Inventories
Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value and consist primarily of crude oil, NGL and spare parts. The cost of inventories is determined using the weighted average costing method and includes direct purchase costs and when applicable, costs of production, extraction, fractionation, and transportation. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 68


in the ordinary course of business less the estimated selling costs. All changes in the value of the inventories are reflected in earnings.
d. Financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the consolidated statement of financial position when, and only when, the Company has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
i) Non-derivative financial assets
The Company initially recognizes loans, receivables, advances to related parties and deposits on the date that they are originated. All other financial assets are recognized on the trade date at which the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows on the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Company is recognized as a separate asset or liability. On derecognition, the difference between the carrying amount of the financial asset and the consideration received is recognized in earnings.
The Company classifies non-derivative financial assets into the following categories:
Financial assets at amortized cost
A financial asset is classified in this category if the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to collect contractual cash flows on specified dates that are solely payments of principal and interest. At initial recognition, financial assets at amortized costs are recognized at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, these financial assets are recorded at amortized cost using the effective interest method less any impairment losses.
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
A financial asset is classified in this category if the asset is held within a business model whose objective is met by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets. The Company did not have any financial assets classified as fair value through other comprehensive income during the years covered in these financial statements.
Financial assets at fair value through earnings
A financial asset is classified in this category if it is not classified as a financial asset at amortized cost or a financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income, or it is an equity instrument designated as such on initial recognition. At initial recognition, and subsequently, these financial assets are recognized at fair value.
ii) Non-derivative financial liabilities
The Company initially recognizes financial liabilities on the trade date at which the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Non-derivative financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition these financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expire. On derecognition, the difference between the carrying value of the liability and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognized in earnings.
The Company records a modification or exchange of an existing liability as a derecognition of the financial liability if the terms are substantially different, resulting in a difference of more than 10 percent when comparing the present value of the

69 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


remaining cash flows of the existing liability to the present value of the discounted cash flow under the new terms using the original effective interest rate.
If a modification to an existing liability causes a revision to the estimated payments of the liability but is not treated as a derecognition, the Company adjusts the gross carrying amount of the liability to the present value of the estimated contractual cash flows using the instrument’s original effective interest rate, with the difference recorded in earnings.
The Company's non-derivative financial liabilities are comprised of the following: bank overdrafts, trade payables and accrued liabilities, taxes payable, dividends payable, loans and borrowings including finance lease obligations, other liabilities and the liability component of convertible debentures.
Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Company's cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of cash flows.
iii) Common share capital
Common shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of common shares and share options are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
iv) Preferred share capital
Preferred shares are classified as equity because they bear discretionary dividends and do not contain any obligations to deliver cash or other financial assets. Discretionary dividends are recognized as equity distributions on approval by the Company's Board of Directors. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of preferred shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
v) Compound financial instruments
The Company's convertible debentures are compound financial instruments consisting of a financial liability and an embedded conversion feature. In accordance with IFRS 9, the embedded derivatives are required to be separated from the host contracts and accounted for as stand-alone instruments.
Debentures containing a cash conversion option allow Pembina to pay cash to the converting holder of the debentures, at the option of the Company. As such, the conversion feature is presented as a financial derivative liability within long-term derivative financial instruments. Debentures without a cash conversion option are settled in shares on conversion, and therefore the conversion feature is presented within equity, in accordance with its contractual substance.
On initial recognition and at each reporting date, the embedded conversion feature is measured at fair value using an option pricing model. Subsequent to initial recognition, any unrealized gains or losses arising from fair value changes are recognized through earnings in the statement of earnings and comprehensive income at each reporting date. If the conversion feature is included in equity, it is not remeasured subsequent to initial recognition. On initial recognition, the debt component, net of issue costs, is recorded as a financial liability and accounted for at amortized cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, the debt component is accreted to the face value of the debentures using the effective interest rate method. Upon conversion, the corresponding portions of the debt and equity are removed from those captions and transferred to share capital.
vi) Derivative financial instruments
The Company holds derivative financial instruments to manage its interest rate, commodity, power costs and foreign exchange risk exposures as well as a cash conversion features on convertible debentures and a redemption liability. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivative meet the definition of a derivative, and the combined instrument is not measured at fair value through earnings. Derivatives are recognized initially at fair value with attributable transaction costs recognized in earnings as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value and changes in non-commodity-

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 70


related derivatives are recognized immediately in earnings as part of net finance costs and changes in commodity-related derivatives are recognized immediately in earnings.
e. Property, plant and equipment
i) Recognition and measurement
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured initially at cost, unless they are acquired as part of a business combination in which case they are initially measured at fair value. Thereafter, property, plant and equipment are recorded net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
Cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use, estimated decommissioning provisions and borrowing costs on qualifying assets.
Cost may also include any gain or loss realized on foreign currency transactions directly attributable to the purchase or construction of property, plant and equipment. Purchased software that is integral to the functionality of the related equipment is capitalized as part of that equipment.
When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate components of property, plant and equipment.
The gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognized in earnings.
ii) Subsequent costs
The cost of replacing a part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company, and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized and recorded as depreciation expense. The cost of maintenance and repair expenses of the property, plant and equipment are recognized in earnings as incurred.
iii) Depreciation
Depreciation is based on the cost of an asset less its residual value. Significant components of individual assets are assessed and if a component has a useful life that is different from the remainder of the asset, that component is depreciated separately. Land and linefill are not depreciated.
Depreciation is recognized in earnings on a straight line or declining balance basis, which most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset.
Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term.
Depreciation methods, useful lives, economic lives and residual values are reviewed annually and adjusted if appropriate.
f. Intangible assets
i) Goodwill
Goodwill that arises upon acquisitions is included in intangible assets and goodwill. See Note 4(a)(i) for the policy on measurement of goodwill at initial recognition.

71 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Subsequent measurement
Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.
In respect of investments in equity accounted investees, goodwill is included in the carrying amount of the investment, and an impairment loss on such an investment is allocated to the investment and not to any asset, including goodwill, that forms the carrying amount of the investment in equity accounted investee.
ii) Other intangible assets
Other intangible assets acquired individually by the Company are initially recognized and measured at cost, unless they are acquired as part of a business combination in which case they are initially measured at fair value. Thereafter, intangible assets with finite useful lives are recorded net of accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.
iii) Subsequent expenditures
Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditures are recognized in earnings as incurred.
iv) Amortization
Amortization is based on the cost of an asset less its residual value.
Amortization is recognized in earnings over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets, other than goodwill, from the date that they are available for use.
Amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed annually and adjusted if appropriate.
g. Leases
At inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether such an arrangement is or contains a lease. A specific asset is the subject of a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of that specified asset. An arrangement conveys the right to use the asset if the arrangement conveys to a lessee the right to control the use of the underlying asset.
At inception or upon reassessment of the arrangement, the Company separates payments and other consideration required by such an arrangement into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values.
Leases which the Company assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. The leased asset is initially recognized at an amount equal to the lower of its fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to that asset.
Minimum lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance cost and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance cost is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.
Other leases are operating leases and are not recognized in the Company's consolidated statement of financial position.
Payments made under lessee operating leases are recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received are deferred and recognized over the term of the lease.
Payments received under lessor operating leases are recognized in earnings in accordance with the benefit received by the customer.




Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 72


h. Impairment
i) Non-derivative financial assets
Impairment of financial assets carried at amortized cost is assessed using the lifetime expected credit loss of the financial asset at initial recognition and throughout the life of the financial asset, except for advances to related parties and other assets for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition, which are assessed at the twelve month expected credit loss of the financial asset at the reporting date.
The Company uses a loss allowance matrix to determine the impairment loss allowance for trade receivables. In determining the loss allowance matrix, the Company uses historical trends of the probability of default, timing of recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, adjusted for management's judgment as to whether current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are likely to be greater or less than suggested by historical trends.
Impairment losses are recognized in earnings and reflected as a reduction in the related financial asset.
ii) Non-financial assets
The carrying amounts of the Company's non-financial assets, other than inventory, assets arising from employee benefits and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset's recoverable amount is estimated.
For goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, the recoverable amount is estimated annually in connection with the annual goodwill impairment test. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its related CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount.
The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset, CGU or group of CGUs. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into CGUs, the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets. CGUs may incorporate integrated assets from multiple operating segments. For the purpose of goodwill impairment testing, CGUs are aggregated so that the level at which impairment testing is performed reflects the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal purposes. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.
The Company's corporate assets do not generate separate cash inflows and are utilized by more than one CGU. Corporate assets are allocated to CGUs on a reasonable and consistent basis and tested for impairment as part of the testing of the CGU to which the corporate asset is allocated. If there is an indication that a corporate asset may be impaired, then the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the corporate asset has been allocated.
Impairment losses are recognized in earnings. Impairment losses recognized in respect of a CGU (group of CGUs) are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU (group of CGUs), and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU (group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.
An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.
Goodwill that forms part of the carrying amount of an investment in an equity accounted investee is not recognized separately, and therefore is not tested for impairment separately. Instead, the entire amount of the investment is tested for impairment as a single asset when there is objective evidence that the equity accounted investee may be impaired, unless the

73 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


equity accounted investee does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets of the entity in which case it is combined in a CGU with the related assets.
i. Employee benefits
i) Defined contribution plans
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in earnings in the periods during which services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available. Contributions to a defined contribution plan due more than twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted to their present value.
ii) Defined benefit pension plans
A defined benefit pension plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company's net obligation in respect of defined benefit pension plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods, discounted to determine its present value, less the fair value of any plan assets. The discount rate used to determine the present value is established by referencing market yields on high-quality corporate bonds on the measurement date with cash flows that match the timing and amount of expected benefits.
The calculation is performed, at a minimum, every three years by a qualified actuary using the actuarial cost method. When the calculation results in a benefit to the Company, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of future expenses payable from the plan, any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements that apply to any plan in the Company. An economic benefit is available to the Company if it is realizable during the life of the plan or on settlement of the plan liabilities.
When the benefits of a plan are improved, the portion of the increased benefit relating to past service by employees is recognized in earnings immediately.
The Company recognizes all actuarial gains and losses arising from defined benefit plans in other comprehensive income and expenses related to defined benefit plans in earnings.
The Company recognizes gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of a defined benefit plan when the curtailment or settlement occurs. The gain or loss on curtailment comprises any resulting change in the fair value of plan assets, change in the present value of defined benefit obligation and any related actuarial gains or losses and past service cost that had not previously been recognized.
iii) Short-term employee benefits
Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided.
A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
iv) Share-based payment transactions
For equity settled share-based payment plans, the fair value of the share-based payment at grant date is recognized as an expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 74


non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized as an expense is based on the number of awards that meet the related service conditions at the vesting date.
For cash settled share-based payment plans, the fair value of the amount payable to employees is recognized as an expense with a corresponding increase in liabilities, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to payment. The liability is remeasured at each reporting date and at settlement date. Any changes in the fair value of the liability are recognized as an expense in earnings.
j. Provisions
A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Provisions are remeasured at each reporting date based on the best estimate of the settlement amount. The unwinding of the discount rate is recognized as accretion in finance costs.
i) Decommissioning provision
The Company's activities give rise to certain dismantling, decommissioning, environmental reclamation and remediation obligations at the end of an asset's economic life. A provision is made for the estimated cost of site restoration and capitalized in the relevant asset category.
Decommissioning obligations are measured at the present value, based on a risk-free rate, of management's best estimate of what is reasonably expected to be incurred to settle the obligation at the end of an asset's economic life. Subsequent to the initial measurement, the obligation is adjusted at the end of each period to reflect the passage of time, changes in the risk-free rate and changes in the estimated future cash flows underlying the obligation. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as accretion in finance costs whereas increases or decreases due to changes in the estimated future cash flows or risk-free rate are added to or deducted from the cost of the related asset.
k. Revenue
Accounting policies related to revenue from contracts with customers are disclosed in Note 3 Changes in Accounting Policies.
l. Finance income and finance costs
Finance income comprises interest income on funds deposited and invested, gains on non-commodity-related derivatives measured at fair value through earnings and foreign exchange gains. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in earnings, using the effective interest rate method.
Finance costs comprise interest expense on loans and borrowings and convertible debentures, accretion on provisions, losses on disposal of available for sale financial assets, losses on non-commodity-related derivatives, impairment losses recognized on financial assets (other than trade and other receivables) and foreign exchange losses.
Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are recognized in earnings using the effective interest rate method.
m. Income tax
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current and deferred taxes are recognized in earnings except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items are recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.
Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the period, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

75 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for:
temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable earnings;
temporary differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and joint arrangements to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and
taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.
The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.
A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.
In determining the amount of current and deferred tax, the Company takes into account income tax exposures and whether additional taxes and interest may be due. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of judgments about future events. New information may become available that causes the Company to change its judgment regarding the adequacy of existing tax liabilities, such changes to tax liabilities will impact tax expense in the period that such a determination is made.
n. Earnings per common share
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per common share ("EPS") data for its common shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the earnings attributable to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. To calculate earnings attributable to common shareholders, earnings are adjusted for accumulated preferred dividends. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the earnings attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, for the effects of all potentially dilutive common shares, which comprise convertible debentures and share options granted to employees ("convertible instruments"). Only outstanding and convertible instruments that will have a dilutive effect are included in fully diluted calculations.
The dilutive effect of convertible instruments is determined whereby outstanding convertible instruments at the end of the period are assumed to have been converted at the beginning of the period or at the time issued if issued during the year. Amounts charged to earnings relating to the outstanding convertible instruments are added back to earnings for the diluted calculations. The shares issued upon conversion are included in the denominator of per share basic calculations for the date of issue.
o. Segment reporting
An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Company's other components. All operating segments' operating results are reviewed regularly by the Company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") and other Senior Vice Presidents ("SVPs") to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 76


Segment results that are reported to the CEO, CFO and other SVPs include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis.
p. New standards and interpretations not yet adopted
Certain new standards, interpretations, amendments and improvements to existing standards were issued by the IASB or IFRIC and are effective for accounting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 . These standards have not been applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements.
Those which may be relevant to Pembina are described below:
IFRS 16 Leases
IFRS 16 replaces existing leases guidance, including IAS 17 Leases , IFRIC 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease , SIC-15 Operating Leases-Incentives and SIC-27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease .
Pembina will adopt the new standard on the effective date of January 1, 2019.
IFRS 16 introduces a new lease definition which increases the focus on control of the underlying asset and may change which contracts are identified as leases. In addition, IFRS 16 introduces a single, on balance sheet lease accounting model for lessees. For all identified lessee arrangements, subject to recognition exemptions for short term leases where the term is 12 months or less and leases of low value items (under $5,000), a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and a lease liability are recognized, representing the right to use the underlying asset and the obligation to make lease payments respectively. For identified lessor arrangements, the accounting remains similar to the current standard with lessors continuing to classify such arrangements as finance or operating leases.
Leases in which Pembina is a lessee
Pembina has substantially completed the determination of which lessee arrangements are or contain leases. System and new process implementation continue. The initial quantitative impact of applying IFRS 16 has been estimated for lessee accounting, however the disclosed impact may change as Pembina is working through the testing and assessment of controls over its new information technology system as well as finalizing decisions regarding practical expedients. In addition, new guidance and interpretations continue to be released and Pembina’s accounting policies are subject to change until Pembina presents its first financial statements that include the date of initial adoption.
A material impact is expected to result from the recognition of new assets and liabilities for rail car, office space and land surface operating lease arrangements. The nature of expenses related to identified lessee arrangements will change as IFRS 16 replaces straight-line operating lease expense with depreciation of right of use assets and interest expense relating to lease liabilities. In addition, cash flow from operating activities will be higher, and cash flow from financing activities will be lower as lease obligation repayments will be reported as financing activities on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. There will be no net impact on cash flows.
Pembina estimates that lease liabilities and ROU assets in excess of $400 million will be recorded on adoption of IFRS 16.
The Company continues to evaluate if it will elect to apply the practical expedient to account for lease components and non-lease components as a single lease component by class of underlying asset. If this practical expedient were to be selected, it would result in an increase in the ROU asset and lease liability on initial adoption.
The Company does not expect the adoption of IFRS 16 to impact its ability to comply with debt covenants described in Note 13.

77 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Leases in which Pembina is a lessor
Pembina continues to assess certain transportation, storage and other service arrangements to determine if lessor accounting would apply when considering the new lease definition. As these assessments are not yet finalized, the impact of lessor accounting related to these arrangements cannot be determined.
Transition
Pembina intends to adopt IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, which will result in the cumulative effect of initial application recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at January 1, 2019 and no restatement of the comparative period. Pembina intends to assess whether all contracts are, or contain, a lease using the IFRS 16 definition and not apply the practical expedient to carry forward lease assessments using existing leases guidance.
Conceptual Framework
In March 2018, the IASB issued a revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020 with early application permitted. The Conceptual Framework sets out the fundamental concepts of financial reporting and is applied to develop accounting policies when no IFRS Standard applies to a particular transaction. The revised Conceptual Framework includes: new concepts on measurement, presentation and disclosure, and derecognition; updated definitions of an asset and a liability and related recognition criteria; and clarifications in important areas, such as the roles of stewardship, prudence and measurement uncertainty in financial reporting. The Company intends to adopt the revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting on its effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its earnings and financial position.
5. DETERMINATION OF FAIR VALUES
A number of the Company's accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or disclosure purposes based on the following methods. When applicable, further information about the assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability.
i) Property, plant and equipment
The fair value of property, plant and equipment recognized as a result of a business combination or transferred from a customer is based on market values when available, income approach and depreciated replacement cost when appropriate. Depreciated replacement cost reflects adjustments for physical deterioration as well as functional and economic obsolescence.
ii) Intangible assets
The fair value of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is determined by an active market value or using the multi-period excess earnings method, whereby the subject asset is valued after deducting a fair return on all other assets that are part of creating the related cash flows.
The fair value of other intangible assets is based on the discounted cash flows expected to be derived from the use and eventual sale of the assets.
iii) Derivatives
Fair value of derivatives are estimated by reference to independent monthly forward prices, interest rate yield curves, currency rates and quoted market prices per share at the period ends.
Fair values reflect the credit risk of the instrument and include adjustments to take account of the credit risk of the company, entity and counterparty when appropriate.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 78


iv) Non-derivative financial assets and liabilities
The fair value of non-derivative financial assets and liabilities is determined on initial recognition, on a recurring basis, or for disclosure purposes. Fair values of financial assets at amortized cost are calculated based on the present value of estimated future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. Fair values of financial assets held at fair value are calculated using a probability-weighted income approach based on current market expectations for future cash flows. In respect of convertible debentures, the fair value is determined by the market price of the convertible debenture on the reporting date. For finance leases, the market rate of interest is determined by reference to similar lease agreements. For other financial liabilities where market rates are not readily available, a risk adjusted market rate is used which incorporates the nature of the instrument as well as the risk associated with the underlying cash payments.
v) Share-based compensation transactions
The fair value of employee share options is measured using the Black-Scholes formula on grant date. Measurement inputs include share price on measurement date, exercise price of the instrument, expected volatility (based on weighted average historic volatility adjusted for changes expected due to publicly available information), weighted average expected life of the instruments (based on historical experience and general option holder behaviour), expected dividends, expected forfeitures and the risk-free interest rate (based on government bonds). Service and non-market performance conditions attached to the transactions are not taken into account in determining fair value.
The fair value of the long-term share unit award incentive plan and associated distribution units are measured based on the volume-weighted average price for 20 days ending at the reporting date of the Company's shares.
vi) Finance lease assets
The fair value of finance lease assets is based on market values at the inception date.

79 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


6. ACQUISITION
On October 2, 2017 , Pembina acquired all the issued and outstanding shares of Veresen Inc. ("Veresen") by way of a plan of arrangement (the “Arrangement”) for total consideration of $6.4 billion comprised of $1.5 billion in cash and 99.466 million common shares valued at $4.4 billion and series 15, 17 and 19 preferred shares valued at $522 million . In accordance with the Arrangement, Veresen was amalgamated with Pembina and the outstanding Veresen preferred shares were exchanged for Pembina preferred shares with the same terms and conditions.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method where the acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The purchase price equation was based on assessed fair values as follows:
($ millions)
October 2, 2017

Purchase Price Consideration
 
Common shares
4,356

Cash
1,522

Preferred shares
522

 
6,400

 
 
Current assets
303

Investments in jointly controlled businesses
6,115

Property, plant and equipment
612

Intangible assets & other long term assets
175

Goodwill
1,781

Current liabilities
(192
)
Long term debt
(993
)
Deferred tax liabilities
(1,210
)
Decommissioning provision
(10
)
Other long term liabilities
(121
)
Non-controlling interest
(60
)
 
6,400

The determination of fair values and the purchase price equation was based upon an independent valuation. The primary drivers that generated goodwill were synergies and business opportunities from the integration of Pembina and Veresen. Upon closing of the Acquisition, Pembina repaid Veresen's revolving credit facility of $152 million . The recognition of goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The Company recognized $25 million in acquisition-related expenses in 2017. All acquisition-related expenses were expensed as incurred and included in other expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income.
Revenue generated by the Veresen business for the period from the Acquisition date of October 2, 2017 to December 31, 2017 was $15 million . Net earnings for the same period were $111 million . If the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2017, management estimates that consolidated revenue would have increased an additional $44 million and consolidated gross profit for the year would have increased an additional $247 million . In determining these amounts, management assumed that the fair value adjustments that arose on the date of acquisition would have been the same if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2017.
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 Goodwill and Deferred tax liabilities in the purchase price equation were adjusted by $7 million , to reflect a reduction of tax losses available for future deduction.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 80


7. TRADE RECEIVABLES AND OTHER
As at December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Trade receivables from customers
178

178

Other receivables
411

335

Prepayments
16

17

Impairment loss allowance
(1
)
(1
)
Total trade receivables and other
604

529

8. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
($ millions)
Land and
Land Rights

Pipelines

Facilities
and
Equipment

Cavern Storage and Other

Assets Under Construction

Total

Cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
218

4,253

5,514

1,089

1,965

13,039

Additions and transfers
70

1,895

1,230

133

(1,428
)
1,900

Acquisition (Note 6)
41

448



123

612

Change in decommissioning provision

63

(21
)


42

Disposals and other

(9
)
(8
)
1

(1
)
(17
)
Balance at December 31, 2017
329

6,650

6,715

1,223

659

15,576

Additions and transfers
12

531

469

231

291

1,534

Change in decommissioning provision

(10
)
5

19


14

Disposals and other
(1
)
(7
)
(30
)
5

(11
)
(44
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
340

7,164

7,159

1,478

939

17,080

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
7

966

575

160


1,708

Depreciation
2

136

148

48


334

Disposals and other

(6
)
(2
)
(4
)

(12
)
Balance at December 31, 2017
9

1,096

721

204


2,030

Depreciation
3

142

164

55


364

Disposals and other

(17
)
(18
)
(9
)

(44
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
12

1,221

867

250


2,350

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying amounts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
320

5,554

5,994

1,019

659

13,546

Balance at December 31, 2018
328

5,943

6,292

1,228

939

14,730

Property, plant and equipment under construction
Costs of assets under construction at December 31, 2018 totaled $939 million ( 2017 : $659 million ) including capitalized borrowing costs.
For the year ended December 31, 2018 , included in additions and transfers are capitalized borrowing costs related to the construction of new pipelines or facilities amounting to $35 million ( 2017 : $63 million ), with capitalization rates ranging from 3.86 percent to 4.01 percent ( 2017 : 3.87 percent to 4.39 percent).
Depreciation
Pipeline assets are depreciated using the straight line method over four to 75 years with the majority of assets depreciated over 40 years. Facilities and equipment are depreciated using the straight line method over four to 75 years with the majority of assets depreciated over 40 years. Other assets are depreciated using the straight line method over three to 40 years with the majority of assets depreciated over 40 years. These rates are established to depreciate remaining net book value over the shorter of their useful lives or economic lives.

81 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


9. INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
 
 
Intangible Assets
 
($ millions)
Goodwill

Purchase and Sale
Contracts and Other

Customer
Relationships

Purchase
Option

Total

Total Goodwill
& Intangible
Assets

Cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
2,097

212

488

277

977

3,074

Acquisition (Note 6)
1,774


151


151

1,925

Additions and other

4

(1
)

3

3

Balance at December 31, 2017
3,871

216

638

277

1,131

5,002

Additions and other
7

11

1


12

19

Transfers



(277
)
(277
)
(277
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
3,878

227

639


866

4,744

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016

127

113


240

240

Amortization

18

30


48

48

Balance at December 31, 2017

145

143


288

288

Amortization

19

28


47

47

Balance at December 31, 2018

164

171


335

335

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying amounts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
3,871

71

495

277

843

4,714

Balance at December 31, 2018
3,878

63

468


531

4,409

Intangible assets with a finite useful life are amortized using the straight line method over two to 60 years.
The purchase option attributable to the Facilities Division of $277 million to assume an additional interest in the Younger Facilities was reclassified to property, plant and equipment on exercise of the option effective April 1, 2018.
The aggregate carrying amount of intangible assets and goodwill allocated to each operating segment is as follows:
As at December 31
($ millions)
2018
2017 (1)
Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Total

Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Total

Pipelines Division
1,897

278

2,175

1,891

290

2,181

Facilities Division
541

102

643

540

380

920

Marketing & New Ventures Division
1,440

131

1,571

1,440

153

1,593

Corporate

20

20


20

20

 
3,878

531

4,409

3,871

843

4,714

(1)  
The allocation of goodwill and intangible assets have been restated with comparative operating segments.
Goodwill Impairment Testing
For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the Company’s operating segments which represents the lowest level within the Company at which the goodwill is monitored for management purposes. As a result of the change in operating segments effective January 1, 2018 as discussed in Note 20, goodwill has been reallocated accordingly. Consistent with the prior year, impairment testing for goodwill was performed as at September 30, 2018. The recoverable amounts were based on their value in use and were determined to be higher than their carrying amounts.
The recoverable amount was determined using the value-in-use model by discounting the future cash flows generated from the continuing use of each operating segment. The calculation of the value in use is based on the following key assumptions:
Cash flows are projected based on past experience, actual operating results and five years ( 2017 : four years) of the business plan approved by management.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 82


Long-term growth: cash flows for periods up to 75 years ( 2017 : 75 years) were extrapolated using a constant medium-term inflation, except where contracted, long-term cash flows indicated that no inflation should be applied or a specific reduction in cash flows was more appropriate.
Pre-tax discount rates were applied in determining the recoverable amount of operating segments. Discount rates were estimated based on past experience, the risk free rate and average cost of debt, targeted debt to equity ratio, in addition to estimates of the specific operating segment’s equity risk premium, size premium, projection risk, betas and tax rate.
The following summarizes the key assumptions used in the impairment test:
 
Operating Segments
2018
Pipelines Division
Facilities Division
Marketing & New Ventures Division
(Percent)
Pre-tax discount rate
7.60
7.47
13.08
Adjusted inflation rate
1.22
1.61
1.80
Incremental increase in discount rate that would result in carrying value equal to recoverable amount



Increase in pre-tax discount rate
3.60
4.87
4.75
10. INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY ACCOUNTED INVESTEES
 
Ownership Interest
at December 31
Share of Profit from Equity Investments
Investment in Equity Accounted
Investees at December 31
12 Months Ended December 31
($ millions)
2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

Alliance
50
%
50
%
160

40

2,799

2,776

Aux Sable
42.7% - 50%

42.7% - 50%

102

22

480

449

Ruby Pipeline (1)
50% (1)

50% (1)

118

29

1,648

1,516

Veresen Midstream
45.3
%
46.3
%
26

22

1,324

1,365

Other
50% - 75%

50% - 75%

5

3

117

123

 
 
 
411

116

6,368

6,229

(1)  
Ownership interest in Ruby is presented as a 50 percent proportionate share with the benefit of a preferred distribution structure. Share of profit from equity accounted investees for Ruby is equal to the preferred interest distribution.
Investments in equity accounted investees include the unamortized excess of the purchase price over the underlying net book value of the investee’s assets and liabilities at the purchase date, which is comprised of $98 million ( 2017 : $90 million ) Goodwill, $3.0 billion ( 2017 : $3.1 billion ) in property, plant and equipment and intangibles and $52 million in long-term debt ( 2017 : $87 million ).
The Company has US $2.6 billion in Investments in Equity Accounted Investees that is held by entities whose functional currency is the US dollar. The resulting foreign exchange gain for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $ 295 million (2017: $ 16 million ) has been included in Other Comprehensive Income.
Distributions received from equity investments for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $622 million ( 2017 : $157 million ) and are included in Operating Activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Distributions from Alliance are subject to satisfying certain financing conditions including a minimum debt service coverage ratio requirement.
Contributions made to investments in equity accounted investees for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $58 million ( 2017 : $7 million ) and are included in Investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

83 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Summarized combined financial information of equity accounted investees (presented at 100 percent) is as follows:
For the years ended December 31
 
 
 
 
($ millions)
 
 
2018

2017

Net Income and Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
 
3,605

870

Cost of sales
 
 
(1,566
)
(377
)
General and administrative expense
 
 
(171
)
(69
)
Depreciation and amortization
 
 
(511
)
(131
)
Finance costs and other
 
 
(308
)
(80
)
Net Income and Comprehensive Income


1,049

213

Net income and Comprehensive Income attributable to Pembina
411

116

As at December 31
 
 
 
 
($ millions)
 
 
2018
 
2017

Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
838
 
763

Non-current assets
 
 
11,667
 
11,420

Current liabilities
 
 
908
 
957

Non-current liabilities
 
 
5,262
 
4,978

On March 29, 2018, Ruby Pipeline, L.L.C., in which Pembina owns a 50 percent preferred interest, amended the maturity date of its US $203 million 364-Day Term Loan, originally maturing March 30, 2018 to March 28, 2019. The Term Loan will continue to amortize at US $16 million per quarter (US $8 million net), beginning March 30, 2018, until a final bullet payment of US $141 million (US $70 million net) is payable on the amended maturity date.
On April 20, 2018 Veresen Midstream successfully amended and extended its Senior Secured Credit Facilities which were originally scheduled to mature on March 31, 2020. Under the terms of the amendment and extension reached with a syndicate of lenders, Veresen Midstream increased its borrowing capacity to $200 million under the Revolving Credit Facility and to $2.6 billion of availability under the Term Loan A and used the proceeds to repay an existing US $705 million Term Loan B on April 30, 2018. Other terms and conditions in the facilities were modified to reflect the operating nature of the business including modifying the covenant package and increasing the permitted distributions out of Veresen Midstream. The maturity date of the two debt facilities was extended to April 20, 2022.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 84


11. INCOME TAXES
The movements of the components of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:
($ millions)
Balance at December 31, 2017

Recognized in Earnings

Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income

Acquisition

Equity

Other

Balance at December 31, 2018

Deferred income tax assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative financial instruments
11

(29
)




(18
)
Employee benefits
7


2




9

Share-based payments
21

5





26

Provisions
153

3





156

Benefit of loss carryforwards
180

(33
)

(7
)

13

153

Other deductible temporary differences
56

16



(4
)

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred income tax liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
(1,361
)
(299
)




(1,660
)
Intangible assets
(198
)
80





(118
)
Investments in equity accounted investees
(1,173
)
(89
)




(1,262
)
Taxable limited partnership income deferral
(56
)
(66
)




(122
)
Other taxable temporary differences
(16
)
18




(8
)
(6
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(2,376
)
(394
)
2

(7
)
(4
)
5

(2,774
)
($ millions)
Balance at December 31, 2016

Recognized in Earnings

Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income

Acquisition

Equity

Other

Balance at December 31, 2017

Deferred income tax assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative financial instruments
20

(9
)




11

Employee benefits
8


(1
)



7

Share-based payments
12

9





21

Provisions
133

12


8



153

Benefit of loss carryforwards
90

(57
)

137


10

180

Other deductible temporary differences
41

12


11

(3
)
(5
)
56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred income tax liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
(1,193
)
(243
)

75



(1,361
)
Intangible assets
(150
)
(6
)

(42
)


(198
)
Investments in equity accounted investees
(6
)
190


(1,357
)


(1,173
)
Taxable limited partnership income deferral
(25
)
4


(35
)


(56
)
Other taxable temporary differences
(10
)
(6
)




(16
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(1,080
)
(94
)
(1
)
(1,203
)
(3
)
5

(2,376
)
The Company's consolidated statutory tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2018 was 27 percent ( 2017 : 27 percent).

85 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Reconciliation of effective tax rate
For the years ended December 31
 
 
($ millions, except as noted)
2018

2017

Earnings before income tax
1,742

1,025

Statutory tax rate
27
%
27
%
Income tax at statutory rate
470

277

Tax rate changes on deferred income tax balances
(1
)
1

Changes in estimate and other
(6
)
18

U.S. Tax Reform

(166
)
Permanent items
1

12

Income tax expense
464

142

The Company’s estimate of impact of U.S. Tax Reform may be adjusted in the future based on anticipated regulations or guidance from the US Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service.
Income tax expense
For the years ended December 31  
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Current tax expense
70

48

Deferred tax expense




Origination and reversal of temporary differences
378

286

Tax rate changes on deferred tax balances
(1
)
(191
)
Decrease (increase) in tax loss carry forward
17

(1
)
Total deferred tax expense
394

94

Total income tax expense
464

142

Deferred tax items recovered directly in equity
For the years ended December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Share issue costs
(4
)
(3
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
2

(1
)
Deferred tax items recovered directly in equity
(2
)
(4
)
The Company has temporary differences associated with its investments in subsidiaries. At December 31, 2018 , the Company has no t recorded a deferred tax asset or liability for these temporary differences ( 2017 : nil ) as the Company controls the timing of the reversal and it is not probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future.
At December 31, 2018 , the Company had US$221 million ( 2017 : US$261 million ) of U.S. tax losses that will expire after 2030 and $349 million ( 2017 : $394 million ) of Canadian tax losses that will expire after 2035. The Company has determined that it is probable that future taxable profits will be sufficient to utilize these losses.
12. TRADE PAYABLES AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES
As at December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Trade payables
519

465

Other payables & accrued liabilities
284

212

Total current trade and accrued liabilities
803

677


Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 86


13. LOANS AND BORROWINGS
This note provides information about the contractual terms of the Company's interest-bearing loans and borrowings, which are measured at amortized cost.
Carrying value, terms and conditions, and debt maturity schedule
 
 
 
 
Carrying value
($ millions)
Authorized at December 31, 2018

Nominal interest rate

Year of maturity

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

Senior unsecured credit facilities (1)
3,520

3.2 (2)

Various (1)

1,305

1,778

Senior unsecured notes – series A
73

5.565

2020

76


Senior unsecured notes – series C
200

5.58

2021

199

199

Senior unsecured notes – series D
267

5.91

2019

267

266

Alberta Ethane Gathering System LP senior notes

5.565

2020


77

Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 1
250

4.89

2021

250

249

Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 2
450

3.77

2022

449

449

Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 3
450

4.75

2043

446

446

Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 4
600

4.81

2044

596

596

Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 5
450

3.54

2025

448

448

Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 6
500

4.24

2027

498

498

Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 7
500

3.71

2026

498

497

Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 8
650

2.99

2024

646

645

Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 9
550

4.74

2047

541

541

Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 10
400

4.02

2028

398


Senior unsecured medium-term notes series 11
300

4.75

2048

298


Senior unsecured medium-term notes 1A

4.00

2018


152

Senior unsecured medium-term notes 3A
50

5.05

2022

50

52

Senior unsecured medium-term notes 4A
200

3.06

2019

205

207

Senior unsecured medium-term notes 5A
350

3.43

2021

353

354

Finance lease liabilities and other

 
 
14

9

Total interest bearing liabilities
 
 
 
7,537

7,463

Less current portion
 
 
 
(480
)
(163
)
Total non-current
 
 
 
7,057

7,300

(1)  
Pembina's unsecured credit facilities include a $2.5 billion revolving facility that matures May 2023, $1.0 billion non-revolving term loan facility that matures March 2021 and a $20 million operating facility that matures May 2019, which is typically renewed on an annual basis.
(2)  
The nominal interest rate is the weighted average of all drawn credit facilities based on the Company's credit rating at December 31, 2018 . Borrowings under the credit facilities bear interest at prime, Bankers' Acceptance, or LIBOR rates, plus applicable margins.
On March 9, 2018, Pembina extended its revolving unsecured credit facility (the "Revolver") to May 31, 2023. Concurrently, Pembina entered into a $1 billion non-revolving term loan facility (the "Term Loan") for an initial three year term that is pre-payable at the Company's option. The other terms and conditions of the Term Loan, including financial covenants, are substantially similar to Pembina's Revolver.
On March 26, 2018, Pembina closed an offering of $400 million of senior unsecured Series 10 medium-term notes (the "Series 10 Notes"). The Series 10 Notes have a fixed coupon of 4.02 percent per annum, paid semi-annually, and mature on March 27, 2028. Simultaneously, Pembina closed an offering of $300 million of senior unsecured Series 11 medium-term notes (the "Series 11 Notes"). The Series 11 Notes have a fixed coupon of 4.75 percent per annum, paid semi-annually, and mature on March 26, 2048.
On April 4, 2018, Pembina entered into a note exchange agreement with AEGS noteholders to exchange AEGS senior notes for unsecured senior notes ("Series A") of Pembina under Pembina’s Note Indenture. The Series A fixed coupon remained at 5.565 percent per annum and are non-amortizing with a bullet payment of $73 million at maturity on May 4, 2020.
On November 22, 2018, Pembina's $150 million senior unsecured medium term note 1A matured and was fully repaid.

87 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


All facilities are governed by specific debt covenants which Pembina was in compliance with at December 31, 2018 ( 2017 : in compliance).
For more information about the Company's exposure to interest rate, foreign currency and liquidity risk, see Note 24 Financial Instruments .
14. CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES
($ millions, except as noted)
Series F – 5.75%

Conversion price (dollars per share)
$29.53
Interest payable semi-annually in arrears on:
June 30 and
December 31

Maturity Date
December 31, 2018

Balance at December 31, 2016
143

Conversions and redemptions
(52
)
Unwinding of discount rate
1

Deferred financing fee (net of amortization)
1

Balance at December 31, 2017
93

Conversions and redemptions
(93
)
Repayment at maturity
(2
)
Unwinding of discount rate
1

Deferred financing fee (net of amortization)
1

Balance at December 31, 2018

On December 31, 2018, Pembina's Series F Convertible Debentures matured. At maturity, the outstanding principal of $1.6 million plus accrued and unpaid interest was settled in cash.
15. DECOMMISSIONING PROVISION
($ millions)
2018

2017

Balance at January 1
551

496

Unwinding of discount rate
12

12

Change in rates

43

Acquisition

10

Additions
18

33

Change in estimates and other
(8
)
(43
)
Total
573

551

Less current portion (included in accrued liabilities)
(4
)
(5
)
Balance at December 31
569

546

The Company applied a 1.8 percent inflation rate per annum ( 2017 : 1.8 percent) and a risk-free rate of 2.3 percent ( 2017 : 2.3 percent) to calculate the present value of the decommissioning provision. Changes in the measurement of the decommissioning provision are added to, or deducted from, the cost of the related asset in property, plant and equipment. When a re-measurement reduction of the decommissioning provision is in excess of the carrying amount of the related asset, the amount is credited to depreciation expense. For the year ended December 31, 2018 , $4 million was credited to depreciation expense ( 2017 : $4 million ).
The decommissioning provision reflects the discounted cash flows expected to be incurred to decommission the Company's pipeline systems, gas processing and fractionation plants, and storage and terminalling hubs, including the addition of environmental reclamation and remediation costs in the current year.
The undiscounted cash flows at the time of decommissioning are calculated using an estimated timing of economic outflows ranging from one to 83 years, with the majority estimated at 50 years. The estimated economic lives of the underlying assets form the basis for determining the timing of economic outflows.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 88


16. SHARE CAPITAL
Pembina is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares, without par value, Class A Preferred Shares, issuable in series, not to exceed 20 percent of the number of issued and outstanding common shares at the time of issuance of any Class A Preferred Shares and an unlimited number of Class B Preferred Shares. The holders of the common shares are entitled to receive notice of, attend and vote at any meeting of the shareholders of the Company, receive dividends declared and share in the remaining property of the Company upon distribution of the assets of the Company among its shareholders for the purpose of winding-up its affairs.
Pembina has adopted a shareholder rights plan ("Plan") as a mechanism designed to assist the board in ensuring the fair and equal treatment of all shareholders in the face of an actual or contemplated unsolicited bid to take control of the Company. Take-over bids may be structured in such a way as to be coercive or discriminatory in effect, or may be initiated at a time when it will be difficult for the board to prepare an adequate response. Such offers may result in shareholders receiving unequal or unfair treatment, or not realizing the full or maximum value of their investment in Pembina. The Plan discourages the making of any such offers by creating the potential of significant dilution to any offeror who does so. The Plan was reconfirmed at Pembina's 2016 meeting of shareholders and must be reconfirmed at every third annual meeting thereafter. Accordingly, the Plan, with such amendments as the Board of Directors determines to be necessary or advisable, and as may otherwise be required by law, is expected to be placed before Shareholders for approval at Pembina's 2019 annual meeting. A copy of the agreement relating to the current Plan has been filed on Pembina's SEDAR and EDGAR profiles.
Common Share Capital
($ millions, except as noted)
Number of Common Shares
(millions)

Common
Share Capital

Balance at December 31, 2016
397

8,808

Issued, net of issue costs
99

4,356

Dividend reinvestment plan
4

148

Debenture conversions
2

73

Share-based payment transactions
1

62

Balance at December 31, 2017
503

13,447

Debenture conversions
3

140

Share-based payment transactions
2

75

Balance at December 31, 2018
508

13,662

Preferred Share Capital
($ millions, except as noted)
Number of Preferred Shares
(millions)

Preferred
Share Capital

Balance at December 31, 2016
62

1,509

Class A, Series 15 Preferred shares issued, net of issue costs
8

178

Class A, Series 17 Preferred shares issued, net of issue costs
6

141

Class A, Series 19 Preferred shares issued, net of issue costs
8

203

Class A, Series 21 Preferred shares issued, net of issue costs
16

393

Balance at December 31, 2017
100

2,424

Preferred Shares issued, net of issue costs

(1
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
100

2,423

On December 1, 2018, none of the 10 million Cumulative Redeemable Rate Reset Class A Preferred Series 1 shares outstanding were converted into Cumulative Redeemable Floating Rate Class A Preferred Series 2 shares.
On December 7, 2017, Pembina issued 16 million cumulative redeemable minimum rate reset class A Series 21 Preferred Shares for aggregate gross proceeds of $400 million . The holders of Series 21 Preferred Shares are entitled to receive fixed cumulative dividends at an annual rate of $1.225 per share, if, as and when declared by the Board of Directors. The dividend

89 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


rate will reset on March 1, 2023 and every fifth year thereafter at a rate equal to the sum of the then five -year Government of Canada bond yield plus 3.26 percent, provided that, in any event, such rate shall not be less than 4.90 percent. The Series 21 Preferred Shares are redeemable by the Company at its option on March 1, 2023 and every fifth year thereafter at a price of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends.
Holders of the Series 21 Preferred Shares have the right to convert their shares into cumulative redeemable floating rate Class A Preferred Shares, Series 22 ("Series 22 Preferred Shares"), subject to certain conditions, on March 1, 2023 and every fifth year thereafter. Holders of Series 22 Preferred Shares will be entitled to receive a cumulative quarterly floating dividend at a rate equal to the sum of the then 90 -day government of Canada bond yield plus 3.26 percent, if, as and when declared by the Board of Directors.
On October 2, 2017, in connection with the Acquisition, the outstanding preferred shares of Veresen have been exchanged for Pembina Class A Series 15, 17 and 19 Preferred Shares with the same terms and conditions as the shares previously issued by Veresen. Dividends on the Series 15, 17 and 19 Preferred Shares will continue to be paid on the last business day of March, June, September and December in each year, if, as and when declared by the Board of Directors.
Dividends
The following dividends were declared by the Company:
For the years ended December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Common shares
 
 
Common shares $2.24 per qualifying share (2017: $2.04)
1,131

873

Preferred shares
 
 
$1.062500 per qualifying Series 1 preferred share (2017: $1.062500)
11

11

$1.175000 per qualifying Series 3 preferred share (2017: $1.175000)
7

7

$1.250000 per qualifying Series 5 preferred share (2017: $1.250000)
12

12

$1.125000 per qualifying Series 7 preferred share (2017: $1.125000)
11

11

$1.187500 per qualifying Series 9 preferred share (2017: $1.187500)
11

11

$1.437500 per qualifying Series 11 preferred share (2017: $1.437500)
10

10

$1.437500 per qualifying Series 13 preferred share (2017: $1.437500)
14

14

$1.116000 per qualifying Series 15 preferred share (2017: $0.279000)
9

2

$1.250000 per qualifying Series 17 preferred share (2017: $0.312500)
8

2

$1.250000 per qualifying Series 19 preferred share (2017: $0.312500)
10

3

$1.200650 per qualifying Series 21 preferred share (2017: nil)
19


 
122

83

Pembina's Board of Directors approved a 5.6 percent increase in its monthly common share dividend rate (from $0.18 per common share to $0.19 per common share), effective for the dividend paid on June 15, 2018.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 90


On January 7, 2019, Pembina announced that its Board of Directors had declared a dividend of $0.19 per qualifying common share ( $2.28 annually) in the total amount of $97 million , payable on February 15, 2019 to shareholders of record on January 25, 2019. Pembina's Board of Directors also declared quarterly dividends for the Company's preferred shares as outlined in the following table:
Series
Record Date
Payable Date
Per Share Amount
Dividend Amount
($ millions)

Series 1
February 1, 2019
March 1, 2019
$0.306625
3

Series 3
February 1, 2019
March 1, 2019
$0.293750
2

Series 5
February 1, 2019
March 1, 2019
$0.312500
3

Series 7
February 1, 2019
March 1, 2019
$0.281250
3

Series 9
February 1, 2019
March 1, 2019
$0.296875
2

Series 11
February 1, 2019
March 1, 2019
$0.359375
2

Series 13
February 1, 2019
March 1, 2019
$0.359375
4

Series 15
March 15, 2019
April 1, 2019
$0.279000
2

Series 17
March 15, 2019
April 1, 2019
$0.312500
2

Series 19
March 15, 2019
April 1, 2019
$0.312500
3

Series 21
February 1, 2019
March 1, 2019
$0.306250
5

On January 30, 2019, Pembina announced that it does not intend to exercise its right to redeem the six million Cumulative Redeemable Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares, Series 3 ("Series 3 Shares") shares outstanding on March 1, 2019.
On February 6, 2019, Pembina announced that its Board of Directors had declared a dividend of $0.19 per qualifying common share ( $2.28 annually) in the total amount of $97 million , payable on March 15, 2019 to shareholders of record on February 25, 2019.
DRIP
Pembina suspended its Premium Dividend™ and Dividend Reinvestment Plan ("DRIP"), effective April 25, 2017. Accordingly, the March 2017 dividend was the last dividend with the ability to be reinvested through the DRIP. Shareholders who were enrolled in the program automatically received dividends in the form of cash. If Pembina elects to reinstate the DRIP in the future, shareholders that were enrolled in the DRIP at suspension and remain enrolled at reinstatement will automatically resume participation in the DRIP. Prior to its suspension in 2017 DRIP proceeds were $ 148 million .
17. PERSONNEL EXPENSES
For the years ended December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Salaries and wages
254

194

Share-based compensation expense (Note 23)
63

73

Short-term incentive plan
59

45

Pension plan expense
23

20

Health, savings plan and other benefits
21

18

 
420

350


91 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


18. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Revenue has been disaggregated into categories to reflect how the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
a.
Revenue disaggregation
 
 
2018
2017
 
For the years ended December 31
($ millions)
Pipelines Division

Facilities Division

Marketing & New Ventures Division

Total

Pipelines Division

Facilities Division

Marketing & New Ventures Division

Total

 
 
Take-or-Pay (1)
979

582


1,561

681

534


1,215

 
Fee-for-Service (1)
424

103


527

324

58

2

384

 
Product Sales (2)

464

4,721

5,185


208

3,531

3,739

 
Revenue from contracts with customers
1,403

1,149

4,721

7,273

1,005

800

3,533

5,338

 
Lease and other revenue
61

17


78

62



62

 
Total external revenue
1,464

1,166

4,721

7,351

1,067

800

3,533

5,400

(1)  
Revenue recognized over time.
(2)  
Revenue recognized at a point in time.
b.
Contract balances
Significant changes in the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows:
($ millions)
2018

2017

Balance at January 1
157

81

Additions (net in the period)
38

99

Revenue recognized from contract liabilities (1)
(27
)
(23
)
Closing balance
168

157

Less current portion (2)
(37
)
(44
)
Balance at December 31
131

113

(1)  
Recognition of revenue related to performance obligations satisfied in the current period that were included in the opening balance of contract liabilities.
(2)  
As at December 31, 2018 , the balance includes $9 million of cash collected under take-or-pay contracts which will be recognized in revenue by December 31, 2019 as the customer chooses to ship, process, or otherwise forego the associated service ( December 31, 2017 : $8 million ).
Contract liabilities depict the Company’s obligation to perform services in the future for which payment has been received from customers. Contract liabilities include up-front payments or non-cash consideration received from customers for future transportation, processing and storage services. Contract liabilities also include consideration received from customers for take-or-pay commitments where the customer has a make-up right to ship or process future volumes under a firm contract. These amounts are non-refundable should the customer not use its make-up rights.
The Company does not have any contract assets. In all instances where goods or services have been transferred to a customer in advance of the receipt of customer consideration, the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional and has therefore been presented as a receivable.
c.
Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations
Pembina expects to recognize revenue in future periods that includes current unsatisfied remaining performance obligations totaling $10.6 billion . Over the next five years, this remaining performance obligation will be recognized annually ranging from $1.1 billion declining to $962 million . Subsequently, up to 2042, Pembina will recognize from $1.0 billion to $7 million per year.
In preparing the above figures, the Company has taken the practical expedient to exclude contracts that are being accounted for using the practical expedient to recognize revenue in an amount equal to the Company's right to invoice, as well as the practical expedient to exclude contracts that have original expected durations of one year or less.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 92


Variable consideration relating to flow through costs are not included in the amounts presented. These flow through costs do not impact net income or cash flow, and due to the long-term nature of the contracts there is significant uncertainty in estimating these amounts. In addition, the Company excludes contracted revenue amounts for assets not yet in-service unless both board of directors approval and regulatory approval for the asset has been obtained.
19. NET FINANCE COSTS
For the years ended December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Interest expense on financial liabilities measured at amortized cost:
 
 
Loans and borrowings
268

162

Convertible debentures
6

9

Unwinding of discount rate
12

12

Gain in fair value of non-commodity-related derivative financial instruments
(4
)
(8
)
Loss on revaluation of conversion feature of convertible debentures

13

Foreign exchange gain and other
(3
)
(3
)
Net finance costs
279

185

Net interest paid of $ 294 million ( 2017 : $216 million ) includes interest paid during construction and capitalized of $ 35 million ( 2017 : $63 million ).
20. OPERATING SEGMENTS
Effective January 1, 2018, Pembina's operating segments are organized by three Divisions: Pipelines, Facilities and Marketing & New Ventures.
The Company determines its reportable segments based on the nature of operations and includes three operating segments: Pipelines, Facilities and Marketing & New Ventures.
The Pipelines segment includes conventional, oil sands and transmission pipeline systems and related infrastructure serving various markets and basins across North America.
The Facilities segment includes processing and fractionation facilities and related infrastructure that provide Pembina's customers with natural gas and NGL services and are highly integrated with the Company's other businesses.
The Marketing & New Ventures segment undertakes value-added commodity marketing activities including buying and selling products and optimizing storage opportunities, by contracting capacity on Pembina's and various third-party pipelines and utilizing the Company's rail fleet and rail logistics capabilities. Marketing activities also include identifying commercial opportunities to further develop other Pembina assets. Pembina's Marketing business also includes results from Aux Sable's NGL extraction facility near Chicago, Illinois and other natural gas and NGL processing facilities, logistics and distribution assets in the United States and Canada.
The financial results of the operating segments are included below. Performance is measured based on results from operating activities, net of depreciation and amortization, as included in the internal management reports that are reviewed by the Company's Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other Senior Vice Presidents. These results are used to measure performance as management believes that such information is the most relevant in evaluating results of certain segments relative to other entities that operate within these industries. Intersegment transactions are recorded at market value and eliminated under corporate and intersegment eliminations.

93 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


For the year ended December 31, 2018
Pipelines Division (1)

Facilities Division

Marketing & New Ventures Division (2)

Corporate & Inter-Division Eliminations

Total

($ millions)
Revenue from external customers
1,464

1,166

4,721


7,351

Inter-Division revenue
124

302


(426
)

Total revenue (3)
1,588

1,468

4,721

(426
)
7,351

Operating expenses
396

313


(158
)
551

Cost of goods sold, including product purchases

462

4,335

(282
)
4,515

Realized loss on commodity-related derivative financial instruments


51


51

Share of profit from equity accounted investees
279

30

102


411

Depreciation and amortization included in operations
216

149

26


391

Unrealized gain on commodity-related derivative financial instruments


(73
)

(73
)
Gross profit
1,255

574

484

14

2,327

Depreciation included in general and administrative



26

26

Other general and administrative
26

17

41

169

253

Other expense

5

12

10

27

Reportable segment results from operating activities
1,229

552

431

(191
)
2,021

Net finance costs
9

6

16

248

279

Reportable segment earnings (loss) before tax
1,220

546

415

(439
)
1,742

Capital expenditures
711

348

134

33

1,226

Contributions to equity accounted investees

58



58

(1)  
Pipelines Division transportation revenue includes $25 million associated with U.S. pipeline sales.
(2)  
Marketing & New Ventures Division includes revenue of $240 million associated with U.S. midstream sales.
(3)  
During the period, one customer accounted for 10 percent of total revenues, with $792 million reported throughout all segments.
For the year ended December 31, 2017 (1)
Pipelines Division (2)

Facilities Division

Marketing & New Ventures Division (3)

Corporate & Inter-Division Eliminations

Total

($ millions)
Revenue from external customers
1,067

800

3,533


5,400

Inter-Division revenue
69

169


(238
)

Total revenue (4)
1,136

969

3,533

(238
)
5,400

Operating expenses
330

227


(107
)
450

Cost of goods sold, including product purchases

197

3,105

(140
)
3,162

Realized loss on commodity-related derivative financial instruments
1


93


94

Share of profit from equity accounted investees
72

22

22


116

Depreciation and amortization included in operations
195

138

26


359

Unrealized gain on commodity-related derivative financial instruments
(1
)

(22
)

(23
)
Gross profit
683

429

353

9

1,474

Depreciation included in general and administrative



23

23

Other general and administrative
20

23

19

151

213

Other (income) expense
(6
)
11

1

22

28

Reportable segment results from operating activities
669

395

333

(187
)
1,210

Net finance costs
10

12

7

156

185

Reportable segment earnings (loss) before tax
659

383

326

(343
)
1,025

Capital expenditures
1,328

440

57

14

1,839

Contributions to equity accounted investees

1

6


7

(1)  
Restated with comparative segments.
(2)  
Pipelines Division transportation revenue includes $22 million associated with U.S. pipeline sales.
(3)  
Marketing & New Ventures Division includes revenue of $215 million associated with U.S. midstream sales.
(4)  
During the period, no one customer accounted for 10 percen t or more of total revenue.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 94


21. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic earnings per common share
The calculation of basic earnings per common share at December 31, 2018 was based on the earnings attributable to common shareholders of $1.2 billion ( 2017 : $797 million ) and a weighted average number of common shares outstanding of 505 million ( 2017 : 426 million ).
Diluted earnings per common share
The calculation of diluted earnings per common share at December 31, 2018 was based on earnings attributable to common shareholders of $1.2 billion ( 2017 : $803 million ), and weighted average number of common shares outstanding after adjustment for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares of 509 million ( 2017 : 432 million ).
Earnings attributable to common shareholders
For the years ended December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Earnings
1,278

883

Dividends on preferred shares
(122
)
(83
)
Cumulative dividends on preferred shares, not yet declared
(3
)
(3
)
Basic earnings attributable to common shareholders
1,153

797

Effect of after-tax interest on debentures to earnings
4

6

Diluted earnings attributable to common shareholders
1,157

803

Weighted average number of common shares
(In millions of shares, except as noted)
2018

2017

Issued common shares at January 1
503

397

Effect of shares issued on Acquisition

25

Effect of shares issued on exercise of options
1


Effect of conversion of convertible debentures
1

1

Effect of shares issued under dividend reinvestment plan

3

Basic weighted average number of common shares at December 31
505

426

 
 
 
Dilutive effect of debentures converted
2

4

Dilutive effect of share options on issue
2

2

Diluted weighted average number of common shares at December 31
509

432

 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share (dollars)
2.28

1.87

Diluted earnings per common share (dollars)
2.28

1.86

The average market value of the Company's shares for purposes of calculating the dilutive effect of share options was based on quoted market prices for the period during which the options were outstanding.
22. PENSION PLAN
As at December 31
 
 
($ millions)  
2018

2017

Registered defined benefit net obligation
19

10

Supplemental defined benefit net obligation
12

11

Other accrued benefit obligations

1

Net employee benefit obligations
31

22

The Company maintains a defined contribution plan and non-contributory defined benefit pension plans covering its employees. On April 1, 2018, Pembina exercised its option to assume an additional interest in the Younger extraction and fractionation facilities ("Younger Facilities"). Accordingly, Pembina also assumed the Bargaining Unit Pension Plan for

95 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Employees at the Younger Plant ("Younger Plan") with the net obligation of $6 million . The Company contributes five to 10 percent of an employee's earnings to the defined contribution plan until the employee's age plus years of service equals 50 , at which time they become eligible for the defined benefit plans. The Company recognized $8 million in expense for the defined contribution plan during the year ( 2017 : $7 million ). The defined benefit plans include a funded registered plan for all eligible employees and an unfunded supplemental retirement plan for those employees affected by the Canada Revenue Agency maximum pension limits. The defined benefit plans are administered by separate pension funds that are legally separated from the Company. Benefits under the plans are based on the length of service and the annual average best three years of earnings during the last ten years of service of the employee. Benefits paid out of the plans are not indexed. The Company measures its accrued benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for accounting purposes as at December 31 of each year. The most recent actuarial valuation was at December 31, 2016. The defined benefit plans expose the Company to actuarial risks such as longevity risk, interest rate risk, and market (investment) risk.
Defined benefit obligations
As at December 31
($ millions)
2018
2017
Registered
Plans

Supplemental
Plan

Registered
Plan

Supplemental
Plan

Present value of unfunded obligations

12


11

Present value of funded obligations
212


192


Total present value of obligations
212

12

192

11

Fair value of plan assets
193


182


Recognized liability for defined benefit obligations
(19
)
(12
)
(10
)
(11
)
The Company funds the defined benefit obligation plans in accordance with government regulations by contributing to trust funds administered by an independent trustee. The funds are invested primarily in equities and bonds. Defined benefit plan contributions totalled $19 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 ( 2017 : $16 million ).
The Company has determined that, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the defined benefit plans, and in accordance with statutory requirements of the plans, the present value of refunds or reductions in future contributions is not lower than the balance of the total fair value of the plan assets less the total present value of obligations. As such, no decrease in the defined benefit asset is necessary at December 31, 2018 ( 2017 : nil ).
Registered defined benefit pension plan assets comprise
As at December 31
 
 
(Percent)
2018
2017
Equity securities
61
65
Debt
39
35
 
100
100
Movement in the present value of the defined benefit pension obligation
 
2018
2017
($ millions)
Registered
Plans

Supplemental
Plan

Registered
Plan

Supplemental
Plan

Defined benefits obligations at January 1
192

11

180

10

Benefits paid by the plan
(12
)

(13
)

Current service costs
14

1

14


Interest expense
7


7


Transfer from Younger
16




Actuarial losses in other comprehensive income
(5
)

4

1

Defined benefit obligations at December 31
212

12

192

11


Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 96


Movement in the present value of registered defined benefit pension plan assets
($ millions)
2018

2017

Fair value of plan assets at January 1
182

164

Contributions paid into the plan
19

16

Benefits paid by the plan
(12
)
(13
)
Return on plan assets
(13
)
8

Transfer from Younger
10


Interest income
7

7

Fair value of registered plan assets at December 31
193

182

Expense recognition in earnings
For the years ended December 31  
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Registered Plan
 
 
Current service costs
14

14

Interest on obligation
8

7

Expected return on plan assets
(7
)
(7
)
 
15

14

The expense is recognized in the following line items in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income:
For the years ended December 31  
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Registered Plan
 
 
Operating expenses
8

7

General and administrative expense
7

7

 
15

14

Expense recognized for the Supplemental Plan was less than $1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 .
Actuarial gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income
 
2018
2017
($ millions)
Registered
Plans

Supplemental
Plan

Total

Registered
Plan

Supplemental
Plan

Total

Balance at January 1
(22
)
(1
)
(23
)
(25
)
(1
)
(26
)
Remeasurements:











Financial assumptions
3


3

(4
)

(4
)
Experience adjustments



1


1

Return on plan assets excluding interest income
(9
)

(9
)
6


6

Recognized during the period after tax
(6
)

(6
)
3


3

Balance at December 31
(28
)
(1
)
(29
)
(22
)
(1
)
(23
)
Principal actuarial assumptions used:
As at December 31
 
 
(weighted average percent)
2018

2017

Discount rate
3.8
%
3.6
%
Future pension earning increases
4.0
%
4.0
%

97 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Assumptions regarding future mortality are based on published statistics and mortality tables. The current longevities underlying the values of the liabilities in the defined plans are as follows:
As at December 31
 
 
(years)
2018

2017

Longevity at age 65 for current pensioners




Males
21.7

21.7

Females
24.1

24.1

Longevity at age 65 for current member aged 45




Males
22.8

22.8

Females
25.1

25.1

The calculation of the defined benefit obligation is sensitive to the discount rate, compensation increases, retirements and termination rates as set out above. An increase or decrease of the estimated discount rate of 3.8 percent by 100 basis points at December 31, 2018 is considered reasonably possible in the next financial year but would not have a material impact on the obligation.
The Company expects to contribute $20 million to the defined benefit plans in 2019 .
23. SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS
At December 31, 2018 , the Company has the following share-based payment arrangements:
Share option plan (equity settled)
The Company has a share option plan under which employees are eligible to receive options to purchase shares in the Company.
Long-term share unit award incentive plan (cash-settled)
In 2005, the Company established a long-term share unit award incentive plan. Under the share-based compensation plan, awards of restricted ("RSU") and performance ("PSU") share units are made to officers, non-officers and directors. The plan results in participants receiving cash compensation based on the value of the underlying notional shares granted under the plan. Payments are based on a trading value of the Company's common shares plus notional dividends and performance of the Company.
In 2015, the Company also established a deferred share units ("DSU") plan. Under the DSU plan, directors are required to take at least 40 percent of total director compensation, excluding meeting fees, as DSUs. A DSU is a notional share that has the same value as one Pembina common share. Its value changes with Pembina's share price. DSUs do not have voting rights but they accrue dividends as additional DSUs, at the same rate as dividends paid on the Company's common shares. DSUs are paid out when a director retires from the board and are redeemed for cash using the weighted average of trading price of common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") for the last five trading days before the redemption date, multiplied by the number of DSUs the director holds. As of January 1, 2018 directors no longer receive meeting fees, but their base retainer and committee retainer has been increased.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 98


Terms and conditions of share option plan and share unit award incentive plan
The terms and conditions relating to the grants of the share option program and the long-term share unit award incentive plans are listed in the tables below:
Grant date share options granted to employees
(thousands of options, except as noted)
Number of options

Contractual life of options
March 7, 2017
1,697

7
May 16, 2017
64

7
August 14, 2017
868

7
October 11, 2017
40

7
November 14, 2017
784

7
December 8, 2017
77

7
March 6, 2018
1,993

7
May 14, 2018
310

7
July 10, 2018
424

7
August 15, 2018
961

7
October 10, 2018
94

7
November 13, 2018
939

7
December 31, 2018
34

7
One-third vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third vest on the second anniversary of the grant date and one-third vest on the third anniversary of the grant date.
Long-term share unit award incentive plan (1)  
Grant date RSUs, PSUs and DSUs to Officers, Non-Officers (2)  and Directors
(thousands of units, except as noted)
PSUs  (3)

RSUs  (3)

DSUs

Total

January 1, 2017
307

303

32

642

January 1, 2018
404

395

44

843

PSUs vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. RSUs vest one-third on the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third on the second anniversary of the grant date and one-third on the third anniversary of the grant date. Actual units awarded are based on the trading value of the shares and performance of the Company.
(1)  
Distribution Units are granted in addition to RSU and PSU grants based on notional accrued dividends from RSU and PSU granted but not paid.
(2)  
Non-Officers defined as senior selected positions within the Company.
(3)  
Contractual life of 3 years .

99 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Disclosure of share option plan
The number and weighted average exercise prices of share options as follows:
(thousands of options, except as noted)
Number of Options

Weighted Average Exercise Price (dollars)
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
14,310

$39.68
Granted
3,530

$43.28
Exercised
(1,405
)
$33.03
Forfeited
(502
)
$40.58
Expired
(256
)
$47.15
Outstanding at December 31, 2017
15,677

$40.94
Granted
4,755

$43.86
Exercised
(1,729
)
$35.34
Forfeited
(523
)
$41.56
Expired
(252
)
$49.2
Outstanding at December 31, 2018
17,928

$42.12
As of December 31, 2018 , the following options are outstanding:
(thousands of options, except as noted)
Exercise Price (dollars)
Number outstanding
at December 31, 2018

Options Exercisable

Weighted average
remaining life
$26.52 – $39.14
4,015

2,825

3.65
$39.15 – $41.55
4,000

1,690

4.93
$41.56 – $43.56
4,216

2,651

4.2
$43.57 – $46.00
2,571

285

6.41
$46.01 – $52.01
3,126

2,189

3.88
Total
17,928

9,640

4.50
The weighted average market price at the date of exercise for share options exercised in the year ended December 31, 2018 was $44.97 ( 2017 : $43.49 ).
Expected volatility is estimated by considering historic average share price volatility. The weighted average inputs used in the measurement of the fair values at grant date of share options are the following:
Share options granted
For the years ended December 31  
 
 
(dollars, except as noted)
2018

2017

Weighted average


Fair value at grant date
3.86

4.49

Share price at grant date
43.67

43.13

Exercise price
43.86

43.28

Expected volatility (percent)
20.26

23.5

Expected option life (years)
3.67

3.67

Expected annual dividends per option
2.24

2.04

Expected forfeitures (percent)
6.7

6.1

Risk-free interest rate (based on government bonds) (percent)
2.1

1.2

Disclosure of long-term share unit award incentive plan
The long-term share unit award incentive plans was valued using the volume weighted average price for 20 days ending December 31, 2018 of $42.89 ( 2017 : $44.94 ). Actual payment may differ from amount valued based on market price and company performance.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 100


Employee expenses
For the years ended December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Share option plan, equity settled
14

16

Long-term share unit award incentive plan
49

57

Share-based compensation expense
63

73

 




Total carrying amount of liabilities for cash settled arrangements
96

79

Total intrinsic value of liability for vested benefits
57

36

24. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial risk management
Pembina has exposure to counterparty credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. Pembina recognizes that effective management of these risks is a critical success factor in managing organization and shareholder value.
Risk management strategies, policies and limits ensure risks and exposures are aligned to Pembina's business strategy and risk tolerance. The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for providing risk management oversight at Pembina and oversees how management monitors compliance with the Company's risk management policies and procedures and reviews the adequacy of this risk framework in relation to the risks faced by the Company. Internal audit personnel assist the Board of Directors in its oversight role by monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the organization's risk management system.
Counterparty credit risk
Counterparty credit risk represents the financial loss the Company may experience if a counterparty to a financial instrument or commercial agreement failed to meet its contractual obligations to Pembina in accordance with the terms and conditions of the financial instruments or agreements with the Company. Counterparty credit risk arises primarily from the Company's cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, advances to related parties, and from counterparties to its derivative financial instruments. The carrying amount of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, advances to related parties and derivative financial instruments represents the maximum counterparty credit exposure, without taking into account security held.
The Company manages counterparty credit risk through established credit management techniques, including conducting comprehensive financial and other assessments for all new counterparties and regular reviews of existing counterparties to establish and monitor a counterparty's creditworthiness, setting exposure limits, monitoring exposures against these limits and obtaining financial assurances where warranted. The Company utilizes various sources of financial, credit and business information in assessing the creditworthiness of a counterparty including external credit ratings, where available, and in other cases, detailed financial statement analysis in order to generate an internal credit rating based on quantitative and qualitative factors. The establishment of counterparty exposure limits is governed by a Board of Directors designated counterparty exposure limit matrix which represents the maximum dollar amounts of counterparty exposure by debt rating that can be approved for a counterparty. The Company continues to closely monitor and reassess the creditworthiness of its counterparties, which has resulted in the Company reducing or mitigating its exposure to certain counterparties where it was deemed warranted and permitted under contractual terms.
Financial assurances from counterparties may include guarantees, letters of credit and cash. At December 31, 2018 letters of credit totaling $122 million ( 2017 : $110 million ) were held primarily in respect of customer trade receivables.
The Company typically has collected its trade receivables in full and at December 31, 2018 , 99 percent were current ( 2017 : 96 percent ). Management defines current as outstanding accounts receivable under 30 days past due. The Company has a general lien and a continuing and first priority security interest in, and a secured charge on, all of a shipper's petroleum products in its custody.

101 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


At December 31, the aging of trade and other receivables was as follows:
Past Due
2018

2017

31-60 days past due
2

6

Greater than 61 days


 
2

6

The Company uses a loss allowance matrix to measure lifetime expected credit losses at initial recognition and throughout the life of the receivable. The loss allowance matrix is determined based on the Company’s historical default rates over the expected life of trade receivables, adjusted for forward-looking estimates. Management believes the unimpaired amounts that are past due by greater than 30 days are fully collectible based on historical default rates of customers and management’s assessment of counterparty credit risk through established credit management techniques as discussed above.
Advances to related parties held at amortized cost consists of funds advanced by Pembina to a jointly controlled entity. Expected credit losses are measured using a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses, measured as the present value of all expected cash shortfalls, discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset, using reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. Management considers the risk of default relating to the advances to be low due to their priority ranking against other interests, and firm contracted revenues underpinning expected future cash flows from the jointly controlled entity's assets.
At December 31, 2018 , the impairment loss allowance amounted to $1 million ( 2017 : $1 million ). Pembina recognized less than $1 million in impairment losses on financial assets during 2018 ( 2017 : $1 million ).
The Company monitors and manages its concentration of counterparty credit risk on an ongoing basis. The Company believes these measures minimize its counterparty credit risk but there is no certainty that they will protect it against all material losses. As part of its ongoing operations, the Company must balance its market and counterparty credit risks when making business decisions.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due. The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments.
 
Outstanding balances due by period
December 31, 2018
Carrying Amount

Expected Cash Flows

Less Than 1 Year

1 - 3 Years

3 - 5 Years

More Than 5 Years

($ millions)
Trade payables and accrued liabilities
803

803

803




Taxes payable
82

82

67

3

4

8

Loans and borrowings
7,537

10,794

724

2,334

1,183

6,553

Dividends payable
97

97

97




Derivative financial liabilities
6

6

6




Finance leases
23

23

9

11

3


The Company manages its liquidity risk by forecasting cash flows over a 12 month rolling time period to identify financing requirements. These financing requirements are then addressed through a combination of credit facilities and through access to capital markets, if required.
Market risk
Pembina's results are subject to movements in commodity prices, foreign exchange and interest rates. A formal Risk Management Program including policies and procedures has been designed to mitigate these risks.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 102


a.
Commodity price risk
Certain of the transportation contracts or tolling arrangements with respect to Pembina's pipeline assets do not include take-or-pay commitments from crude oil and gas producers and, as a result, Pembina is exposed to throughput risk with respect to those assets. A decrease in volumes transported can directly and adversely affect Pembina’s revenues and earnings. The demand for, and utilization of, Pembina's pipeline assets may be impacted by factors such as changing market fundamentals, capacity bottlenecks, operational incidents, regulatory restrictions, system maintenance, weather and increased competition. Market fundamentals, such as commodity prices and price differentials, natural gas and gasoline consumption, alternative energy sources and global supply disruptions outside of Pembina’s control can impact both the supply of and demand for the commodities transported on Pembina’s pipelines.
Pembina's Marketing business includes activities related to product storage, terminalling, and hub services. These activities expose Pembina to certain risks relating to fluctuations in commodity prices and, as a result, Pembina may experience volatility in revenue and impairments related to the book value of stored product with respect to these activities. Primarily, Pembina enters into contracts to purchase and sell crude oil, condensate, NGL and natural gas at floating market prices; as a result, the prices of products that are marketed by Pembina are subject to volatility as a result of factors such as seasonal demand changes, extreme weather conditions, market inventory levels, general economic conditions, changes in crude oil markets and other factors. Pembina manages its risk exposure by balancing purchases and sales to secure less volatile margins. Notwithstanding Pembina's management of price and quality risk, marketing margins for commodities can vary and have varied significantly from period to period in the past. This variability could have an adverse effect on the results of Pembina's Marketing business and its overall results of operations. To assist in reducing this inherent variability in its Marketing business, Pembina has invested, and will continue to invest, in assets that have a fee-based revenue component.
Pembina is also exposed to potential price declines and decreasing frac spreads between the time Pembina purchases NGL feedstock and sells NGL products. Frac spread is the difference between the sale prices of NGL products and the cost of NGL sourced from natural gas and acquired at prices related to natural gas prices. Frac spreads can change significantly from period to period depending on the relationship between NGL and natural gas prices (the "frac spread ratio"), absolute commodity prices, and changes in the Canadian to U.S. dollar exchange rate. In addition to the frac spread ratio changes, there is also a differential between NGL product prices and crude oil prices which can change margins realized for midstream products. The amount of profit or loss made on the extraction portion of the business will generally increase or decrease with frac spreads. This exposure could result in variability of cash flow generated by the Marketing business, which could affect Pembina and the cash dividends that Pembina is able to distribute.
The Company utilizes financial derivative instruments as part of its overall risk management strategy to assist in managing the exposure to commodity price, interest rate, cost of power and foreign exchange risk. As an example of commodity price mitigation, the Company actively fixes a portion of its exposure to fractionation margins through the use of derivative financial instruments. Additionally, Pembina's Marketing business is also exposed to variability in quality, time and location differentials for various products, and financial instruments may be used to offset the Company’s exposures to these differentials. The Company does not trade financial instruments for speculative purposes.
b.    Foreign exchange risk
Certain of Pembina's cash flows, namely a portion of its commodity-related cash flows, certain cash flows from U.S.-based infrastructure assets, and distributions from U.S.-based investments in equity accounted investees, are subject to currency risk, arising from the denomination of specific cash flows in U.S. dollars. Additionally, a portion of Pembina's capital expenditures, and contributions or loans to Pembina’s U.S.-based investments in equity accounted investees, may be denominated in U.S. dollars. Pembina monitors, assesses, and responds to these foreign currency risks using an active risk management program, which may include the exchange of foreign currency for domestic currency at a fixed rate.

103 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


c.    Interest rate risk
Pembina has floating interest rate debt which subjects the Company to interest rate risk. Pembina responds to this risk under its active risk management program to enter into financial derivative contracts to fix interest rates.
At the reporting date, the interest rate profile of the Company's interest-bearing financial instruments was:
As at December 31
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Carrying Amounts of Financial Liability
 
 
Fixed rate instruments
6,232

5,685

Variable rate instruments  (1)
1,305

1,778

 
7,537

7,463

(1)  
At December 31, 2018 , the Company held no positions in financial derivative contracts to fix interest rates (December 31, 2017: $100 million ).
Cash flow sensitivity analysis for variable rate instruments
A change of 100 basis points in interest rates at the reporting date would have (increased) decreased earnings by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables remain constant.
As at December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018
2017
 
± 100 bp
± 100 bp
Variable rate instruments
±13
±18
Interest rate swap
±0
±1
Earnings sensitivity (net)
±13
±17
Fair values
The fair values of financial assets and liabilities, together with the carrying amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, are as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
As at December 31
Carrying
value

Fair Value (3)
 
Carrying
value

Fair Value (3)
 
($ millions)
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Financial assets carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative financial instruments
54


54


4


4


Advances to related parties
58



58





 
112


54

58

4


4


Financial assets carried at amortized cost






 






 
Cash and cash equivalents
157

157



321

321



Trade receivables and other
604

604



529

529



Advances to related parties
77


77


42


42


Other assets
9


9


13


13


 
847

761

86


905

850

55


Financial liabilities carried at fair value






 
 
 
 
 
Derivative financial instruments (1)
6


6


79


79


Financial liabilities carried at amortized cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trade payables and accrued liabilities
803

803



677

677



Taxes payable (1)
82

82



25

25



Dividends payable
97

97



91

91



Loans and borrowings (1)
7,537


7,588


7,463


7,686


Convertible debentures (2)




93

145



 
8,519

982

7,588


8,349

938

7,686


(1)  
Carrying value of current and non-current balances.
(2)  
Carrying value excludes conversion feature of convertible debentures.
(3)  
The basis for determining fair value is disclosed in Note 5.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 104


Interest rates used for determining fair value
The interest rates used to discount estimated cash flows, when applicable, are based on the government yield curve at the reporting date plus and adequate credit spread, and were as follows:
As at December 31
 
 
(percent)
2018
2017
Derivatives
2.2 - 2.3
1.4 - 1.8
Loans and borrowings
2.6 - 5.6
2.0 - 4.7
Fair value of power derivatives are based on market rates reflecting forward curves.
Fair value hierarchy
The fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value is classified according to the following hierarchy based on the amount of observable inputs used to value the instruments.
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as the reporting date. Pembina does not use Level 1 inputs for any of its fair value measurements.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices). Level 2 valuations are based on inputs, including quoted forward prices for commodities, time value and volatility factors, which can be substantially observed or corroborated in the marketplace. Instruments in this category include non-exchange traded derivatives such as over-the-counter physical forwards and options, including those that have prices similar to quoted market prices. Pembina obtains quoted market prices for its inputs from information sources including banks, Bloomberg Terminals and Natural Gas Exchange. The majority of Pembina's significant financial instruments carried at fair value are valued using Level 2 inputs.
Level 3: Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). Level 3 valuations use unobservable inputs, such as a financial forecast developed using the entity’s own data for expected cash flows and risk adjusted discount rates, to measure fair value to the extent that relevant observable inputs are not available. The unobservable inputs reflect the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. In developing unobservable inputs, the entity’s own data is used and adjusted for reasonably available information that would be used by other market participants.
Advances to related parties carried at fair value consist of funds advances by Pembina to a jointly controlled entity with an equity conversion option. Fair value is measured on a recurring basis using a valuation model that considers the present value of management's best estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the asset under development in the jointly controlled entity, discounted using a risk-adjusted discount rate.
The following table is a summary of the net derivative financial instruments, which is consistent with the gross balances:
 
2018
2017
As at December 31  
($ millions)
Current Asset

Non-Current Asset

Current Liability

Non-Current Liability

Total

Current Asset

Non-Current Asset

Current Liability

Non-Current Liability

Total

Commodity, power, storage and rail financial instruments
44


(2
)

42

4


(31
)

(27
)
Interest rate







(2
)

(2
)
Foreign exchange
10


(4
)

6






Conversion feature of convertible debentures (Note 14)







(46
)

(46
)
Net derivative financial instruments
54


(6
)

48

4


(79
)

(75
)

105 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Sensitivity analysis
The following table shows the impact on earnings if the underlying risk variables of the derivative financial instruments changed by a specified amount, with other variables held constant.
As at December 31, 2018
 
 
 
($ millions)
 
+ Change

- Change

Frac spread related
 
 
 
Natural gas
(AECO +/- $0.25 per GJ)
2

(2
)
NGL (includes propane, butane and condensate)
(Belvieu/Conway +/- U.S. $0.10 per gal)
(9
)
9

Foreign exchange (US$ vs. C$)
(FX rate +/- $0.10)
13

(13
)
Product margin
 
 
 
Crude oil
(WTI +/- $2.50 per bbl)
(3
)
3

NGL (includes propane, butane and condensate)
(Belvieu/Conway +/- U.S. $0.10 per gal)
N/A

N/A

Corporate (1)
 




Interest rates
(Rate +/- 50 basis points)



(1)  
As at December 31, 2018 , there were no outstanding financial derivative contracts related to power and interest rates.
25. OPERATING LEASES
Leases as lessee
The Company leases a number of offices, warehouses, land and rail cars under operating leases. The leases run for a period of one to 16 years, with an option to renew the lease after that date. The Company has sublet office space and rail cars up to 2027 and has contracted sub-lease payments for a minimum of $85 million over the term. Refer to note 29 for further details regarding operating lease commitments.
Leases as lessor
Operating lease revenues are receivable as follows:
As at December 31
 
 
($ millions)  
2018

2017

Less than 1 year
80

62

Between 1 and 5 years
376

246

More than 5 years
899

702

 
1,355

1,010

The Company’ lease revenues are generated through minimum payments for certain pipeline and terminaling assets that run for a period of 25 to 30 years with options to renew for an additional 10 years. The carrying value of property, plant and equipment under lease at December 31, 2018 is $614 million ( 2017 : $484 million ). Total revenue earned from minimum lease payments was $78 million in 2018 ( 2017 : $62 million ).
26. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
The Company's objective when managing capital is to ensure a stable stream of dividends to shareholders that is sustainable over the long-term. The Company manages its capital structure based on requirements arising from significant capital development activities, the risk characteristics of its underlying asset base, and changes in economic conditions. Pembina manages its capital structure and short-term financing requirements using non-GAAP measures, including the ratios of debt to adjusted EBITDA, debt to total enterprise value, adjusted cash flow to debt and debt to equity. The metrics are used to measure the Company's financial leverage and measure the strength of the Company's balance sheet. The Company remains satisfied that the leverage currently employed in its capital structure is sufficient and appropriate given the characteristics and operations of the underlying asset base. The Company, upon approval from its Board of Directors, will balance its overall capital structure through new equity or debt issuances, as required.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 106


The Company maintains a conservative capital structure that allows it to finance its day-to-day cash requirements through its operations, without requiring external sources of capital. The Company funds its operating commitments, short-term capital spending as well as its dividends to shareholders through this cash flow, while new borrowing and equity issuances are primarily reserved for the support of specific significant development activities. The capital structure of the Company consists of shareholder's equity, comprised of common and preferred equity, plus long-term debt. Long-term debt is comprised of bank credit facilities, unsecured notes and finance lease obligations.
Pembina is subject to certain financial covenants in its credit facility agreements and is in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2018 .
Note 16 of these financial statements shows the change in Share Capital for the year ended December 31, 2018 .
27. GROUP ENTITIES
Significant subsidiaries
As at December 31
Ownership Interest
(percentages)
2018
2017
Pembina Pipeline
100
100
Pembina Gas Services Limited Partnership
100
100
Pembina Oil Sands Pipeline L.P.
100
100
Pembina Midstream Limited Partnership
100
100
Pembina Infrastructure and Logistics L.P.
100
100
Pembina Holding Canada L.P.
100
100
Pembina U.S. Corporation
100
100
28. RELATED PARTIES
The Company enters into transactions with related parties in the normal course of business and on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm's length transactions. The Company advances funds to support operations and provides services to investments in equity accounted investees. A summary of the significant related party transactions are as follows:
Equity accounted investees
($ millions)
2018

2017

For the years ended December 31:
 
 
Services provided
42

8

Interest income
6

1

As at December 31:
 
 
Advances to related parties (1)
135

42

Trade receivables and other
12

5

(1)  
Includes $58 million (2017: $13 million) in advances to Canada Kuwait Petrochemical Corporation ("CKPC") convertible to shares at the Company's discretion and $75 million (2017: $29 million) in advances to Ruby Pipeline, L.L.C.  
Key management personnel and director compensation
Key management consists of the Company's directors and certain key officers.
Compensation
In addition to short-term employee benefits, including salaries, director fees and short term incentives, the Company also provides key management personnel with share-based compensation, contributes to post employment pension plans and provides car allowances, parking and business club memberships.

107 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


Key management personnel compensation comprised:
For the years ended December 31
 
 
($ millions)
2018

2017

Short-term employee benefits
10

8

Share-based compensation and other
13

7

Total compensation of key management
23

15

Transactions
Key management personnel and directors of the Company control less than one percent of the voting common shares of the Company (consistent with the prior year). Certain directors and key management personnel also hold Pembina preferred shares. Dividend payments received for the common and preferred shares held are commensurate with other non-related holders of those instruments.
Certain officers are subject to employment agreements in the event of termination without just cause or change of control.
Post-employment benefit plans
Pembina has significant influence over the pension plans for the benefit of their respective employees. No balance payable is outstanding at December 31, 2018 ( December 31, 2017 : nil ).
Transactions
($ millions)
 
Transaction value year
ended December 31
Post-employment benefit plan
Transaction
2018

2017

Defined benefit plan
Funding
19

16

29. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES
Commitments
Pembina had the following contractual obligations outstanding at December 31, 2018 :
 
Payments Due By Period
Contractual Obligations
($ millions)
Total

Less than
1 year

1 – 3 years

3 – 5 years

After
5 years

Leases and other (1)
796

118

220

163

295

Loans and borrowings (2)
10,794

724

2,334

1,183

6,553

Construction commitments (3)
1,001

643

34

19

305

Advances to related parties (4)
96

96




Total contractual obligations
12,687

1,581

2,588

1,365

7,153

(1)  
Includes office space, surface land, vehicles and rail car leases.
(2)  
Excluding deferred financing costs. Including interest payments on senior unsecured notes.
(3)  
Excluding significant projects that are awaiting regulatory approval at December 31, 2018 and for which Pembina is not committed to construct.
(4)  
The Company has a contractual commitment to advance $96 million ( US$70 million ) to the Company's jointly controlled investment, Ruby Pipeline, L.L.C. by March 28, 2019 .

Pembina enters into product purchase agreements and power purchase agreements to secure supply for future operations. Purchase prices of both NGL and power are dependent on current market prices. Volumes and prices for NGL and power contracts cannot be reasonably determined and therefore an amount has not been included in the contractual obligations schedule. Product purchase agreements range from one to 10 years and involve the purchase of NGL products from producers. Assuming product is available, Pembina has secured between 24 and 105 mbpd each year up to and including 2027 . Power purchase agreements range from one to 25 years and involve the purchase of power from electrical service providers. The Company has secured up to 59 megawatts per day each year up to and including 2043 .

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 108


Contingencies
The Company, its subsidiaries and its investments in equity accounted investees are subject to various legal and regulatory proceedings and actions arising in the normal course of business. We represent our interests vigorously in all proceedings in which we are involved. Legal and administrative proceedings involving possible losses are inherently complex, and we apply significant judgment in estimating probable outcomes. While the outcome of such actions and proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the resolutions of such actions and proceedings will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Guarantees
The Company has $69 million ( 2017 : $26 million ) in letters of credit issued to facilitate commercial transactions with third parties and to support regulatory requirements.
The Company has provided guarantees to various third parties in the normal course of conducting business. The guarantees include financial guarantees to counterparties for product purchases and sales, transportation services, utilities, engineering and construction services. The guarantees have not had and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position, earnings, liquidity or capital resources.

109 Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report


CORPORATEINFORMATIONA01.JPG

Pembina Pipeline Corporation 2018 Annual Report 110


EXHIBIT 99.3
CERTIFICATION REQUIRED BY RULE 13a-14(a) OR RULE 15d-14(a) UNDER THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT
TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, M.H. Dilger, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 40-F of Pembina Pipeline Corporation;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The issuer's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer's internal control over financial reporting;
5.
The issuer's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer's auditors and the audit committee of the issuer's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 21, 2019
 
 
/s/ " M.H. Dilger"
 
Name:
M.H. Dilger
 
Title:
President & Chief Executive Officer





EXHIBIT 99.4
CERTIFICATION REQUIRED BY RULE 13a-14(a) OR RULE 15d-14(a) UNDER THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT
TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, J. Scott Burrows, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 40-F of Pembina Pipeline Corporation;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The issuer's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer's internal control over financial reporting;
5.
The issuer's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer's auditors and the audit committee of the issuer's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 21, 2019
 
 
/s/ "J. Scott Burrows"
 
Name:
J. Scott Burrows
 
Title:
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer





EXHIBIT 99.5

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Pembina Pipeline Corporation (the "Company") on Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2018 , as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, M.H. Dilger, President & Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Report fairly represents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of the operations of the Company.
Date: February 21, 2019
 
 
/s/ "M.H. Dilger"
 
M.H. Dilger
 
President & Chief Executive Officer





EXHIBIT 99.6
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Annual Report of Pembina Pipeline Corporation (the "Company") on Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2018 , as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, J. Scott Burrows, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Report fairly represents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of the operations of the Company.
Date: February 21, 2019
 
 
/s/ "J. Scott Burrows"
 
J. Scott Burrows
 
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer





EXHIBIT 99.7
 
 

KPMGIMAGE.JPG

KPMG LLP
205 5th Avenue SW
Suite 3100
Calgary AB T2P 4B9
Telephone (403) 691-8000
Fax (403) 691-8008
www.kpmg.ca
 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
The Board of Directors of Pembina Pipeline Corporation
 
We consent to the use of our reports, each dated February 21, 2019, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in this annual report on Form 40-F.

We also consent to the incorporation by reference of such reports in the Registration Statement on Form F-3 (No. 333-219338) of Pembina Pipeline Corporation.
 
 
/s/ KPMG LLP
 

Chartered Professional Accountants
 
February 21, 2019
Calgary, Canada




EXHIBIT 99.8
CODEOFETHICS.JPG

I.    PURPOSE OF THE POLICY
The reputation of Pembina is one of our most important assets. The purpose of this Policy is to establish a high standard of integrity and ethical behavior that supports Pembina’s reputation and our relationships with our internal and external stakeholders.

II.    SCOPE AND APPLICATION
This Policy applies to all officers, employees, consultants, contractors and directors of Pembina (“Personnel”). Our reputation is built through the conduct of our Personnel in our dealings on behalf of Pembina. We expect our reputation to be beyond reproach, and one that we can be proud of.

Definitions

In this Policy:

" Board ” or “ Board of Directors ” means the board of directors of the Corporation from time to time;
Corporation ” means Pembina Pipeline Corporation;
HSE ” means health, safety and the environment;
Insider Trading Policy Administrator ” has the meaning ascribed to it in the Insider Trading and Reporting Policy;
Leader ” means Personnel at the supervisor level or higher;
Pembina ” means collectively, the Corporation and its subsidiaries;
Policy ” means this Code of Ethics Policy;
Officer ” means any of the President and/or Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Senior Vice Presidents or such other officer designated by the Board from time to time; and
Spokespersons ” means those individuals designated as Spokespersons in the Corporation’s Disclosure Policy.

OCTOBER 2018


-2-


III.    PRINCIPLES
Our reputation is built on the following core values and beliefs:
1.     Integrity
We ensure our activities are ethical and meet the expectations of our customers, investors, host communities, Personnel and other stakeholders.
2.     Stability
We are committed to the long term.
3.     Purposeful
We are purposeful in the planning and execution of our business, operations and activities.
4.     Citizenship
We conduct ourselves in a manner that is ethical, responsible, safe and legal.
5.     Respectful
We treat our diverse stakeholders in a civil and dutiful manner.
6.     Accountability
Our operations are performed in an open, honest and responsible manner.

IV.    RESPONSIBILITIES
Pembina expects and requires its Personnel to:
•    behave honestly and ethically;
•    act with integrity;
when acting on behalf of Pembina, afford those with whom you come into contact with respect and courtesy;
maintain confidentiality, where required, to ensure the protection of corporate, personal and third-party information;
•    take responsible steps to avoid any conflicts of interest, either real or perceived;
•    behave in ways which uphold and reflect Pembina's values;
•    never use one's power or status in an effort to gain undue benefit or advantage over others;
•    treat communities and the environment in which we operate with respect; and
•    always comply with the law and relevant rules and regulations.
All Personnel are expected to maintain and promote a high level of professional integrity. It is the responsibility of all Personnel to uphold Pembina's reputation and standing in the community. The Policy is designed to foster a consistent and high standard of ethical behavior by Pembina's Personnel and is our guide in our relationships with internal and external parties. All Personnel are expected to conduct themselves by, and be familiar with, the Policy.
Included below are some examples of the requirements, responsibilities, actions or prohibitions that applicable persons must abide by to comply with this Policy.


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A.
Conflicts of Interest
Personnel may experience situations during the course of their employment that represent a conflict of interest. A conflict of interest exists whenever individual interests interfere or conflict (or even appear to interfere or conflict) with the interests of Pembina in a way that may adversely influence Personnel's objectivity, ability to perform Pembina work effectively, or the exercise of sound, ethical business judgment. Conflicts of interest can also arise when Personnel, or a member of his or her family, or close friends or associates receive improper personal benefits as a result of his or her position at Pembina. No Personnel should improperly benefit, directly or indirectly, from corporate property or information, his or her status as Personnel of Pembina, or from any decision or action by Pembina where he or she is in a position to influence. Personnel must not compete with Pembina, but strive to further its legitimate business interests with the utmost integrity .
By way of example, a conflict of interest may arise if any Personnel:
•    has a material personal interest in a transaction or agreement involving Pembina;
accepts a loan, or a guarantee of an obligation, from Pembina;
accepts a gift, service, payment or other benefit (other than a nominal gift) from a competitor, supplier or customer of Pembina, or any person, entity or organization with which Pembina does business or seeks or expects to do business;
lends to, borrows from, or has a material interest in a competitor, supplier or customer of Pembina, or any entity or organization with which Pembina does business or seeks or expects to do business (other than routine investments in publicly traded companies or borrowing from financial institutions);
•    knowingly competes with Pembina or diverts a business opportunity from Pembina;
serves as an officer, director, employee, consultant or in any management capacity in an entity or organization with which Pembina does business or seeks or expects to do business (other than routine business involving immaterial amounts, in which the individual has no decision-making or other role);
has a material interest in an entity or organization with which Pembina does business or seeks or expects to do business; or
•    participates in a venture in which Pembina has expressed an interest.
Personnel are expected to use common sense and good judgment in deciding whether a potential conflict of interest may exist. All Personnel must prioritize their obligations to Pembina including allocating an appropriate amount of time to Pembina work, protecting Pembina’s assets and information, and maintaining confidentiality. In the event of a potential conflict of interest, Personnel should notify the Corporation and clear any potential conflicts in writing.
Employees below the executive level who wish to serve on a board of directors for any non-profit organization independent of Pembina must obtain written approval from their Leader and an executive officer. Executive officers, and employees wishing to serve on the board of directors of a for-profit organization must obtain written approval of the President and CEO. This does not apply to independent directors of the Corporation who serve other companies’ boards, this is addressed through Pembina’s Governance Guidelines. It is recommended that any Personnel who wish to serve on a non-profit board discuss it with their Leader.
B.
Gifts, Benefits and Entertainment
Personnel at Pembina are expected to act responsibly and with integrity when making a decision on whether to accept the offer of a gift, benefit or entertainment. Gifts should not be accepted if they could be reasonably considered extravagant , a personal enrichment or an incentive to influence a behavior or a business decision. Gifts and


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entertainment should be for a proper intended purpose with a demonstrable business value and should be exchanged in accordance with the policies and procedures of both parties. Personnel must avoid the appearance and the act of improperly influencing business relationships with the organizations or individuals with whom they deal. Exchanging a gift or entertainment as a private individual, or through an intermediary such as a spouse, friend or family member is prohibited. Gifts should be modest, occasional, consistent with standard industry practice and permitted by law. In addition, Personnel must seek approval from their Leader and an executive officer prior to accepting any air travel or overnight accommodations. If you are unsure about the acceptability of any gift or entertainment you are exchanging, do not assume it is permitted. It is recommended that you discuss the situation with your leader and seek further clarification from Internal Audit or the Legal department.
Personnel shall not furnish, on behalf of Pembina, expensive gifts or provide excessive benefits to other persons.
Care must be taken when exchanging gifts and entertainment with government officials (see Working with Government Officials).
C.
Working with Government Officials
Pembina and its Personnel are subject to local and international laws that prohibit corrupt practices when dealing with government officials. It is an offence to make or offer any government official, political party, or political candidate an inducement to obtain favorable business treatment or some other advantage. Indirect inducements offered to associates, agents, family members, or third parties to government officials, political parties or political candidates are also prohibited. Any violation or perceived violation of this may result in severe penalties to both Pembina and its Personnel. Personnel must act ethically, transparently and take all reasonable steps to ensure strict adherence to these laws at all times. Pembina has zero tolerance for bribery and corruption.
Additionally, federally and in many provinces, Canadian law prohibits the direct or indirect use of Pembina's funds, goods or services as contributions to political parties, campaigns or candidates of election to any level of government.
Personnel who interact with political stakeholders or government officials are expected to know and comply with all applicable laws and corporate processes governing relationships with government officials. Any questions Personnel engaging with government may have regarding this Policy or Canadian laws regarding government engagement should be directed to Pembina’s Government Relations team.
D.
Honesty, Integrity and the Law
Personnel are expected to act honestly, with integrity and to comply with the law at all times. Dishonest, unethical or illegal behavior will have a negative impact on Pembina and its reputation. Compliance with both the letter and spirit of all laws, rules and regulations applicable to Pembina's business is critical to its reputation and continued success. All Personnel must respect and obey the laws of the cities, provinces, states and countries in which we operate and avoid even the appearance of impropriety. Personnel who fail to comply with this Policy and applicable laws will be subject to disciplinary measures, up to and including dismissal.
E.
Health, Safety and Environment
Pembina demonstrates its accountability in the areas of health, safety and the environment by managing risk and complying with HSE laws and regulations. All Personnel are required to review and sign off on the Health, Safety and Environment Policy, and Personnel are expected to make health and safety a top priority. Pembina believes environmental responsibility, a safe and healthy workplace, and reliable operations are integral to generating benefits for our investors, stakeholders, Personnel and the communities where we operate. If the environment is exposed to damage, Pembina has procedures in place that instigate a rigorous program to repair that damage and to minimize


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the impact to the environment. For further information, please consult Pembina's Health, Safety and Environment Policy.
F.
Personnel Relations
All Personnel of Pembina shall be treated with respect and dignity. Pembina is an equal opportunity employer and shall not permit its Personnel to discriminate against Personnel or potential directors, officers or employees on the basis of race, ancestry, national/ethnic/place of origin, color, religion/religious beliefs, age, sex/gender, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability, class of persons, source of income, or pardoned conviction, or any other characteristic protected by Canadian or provincial laws and regulations, as applicable. For further information, please consult Pembina’s Respectful Workplace Policy.
Pembina will make reasonable accommodations for its Personnel in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Pembina is committed to actions and policies to assure fair employment, including equal treatment in hiring, promoting, training, compensation, termination and corrective action and will not tolerate discrimination.
G.
Public Relations
Unless Personnel are specifically authorized to represent Pembina to the media, they may not respond to media inquiries or requests for information. This includes newspapers, magazines, trade publications, radio and television as well as any other external sources requesting information about Pembina. Any media contact on any topic should be immediately referred to the designated Spokespersons identified in the Corporation's Disclosure Policy. Personnel must be careful not to disclose confidential, personal or business information through public or casual discussions with the media or others. For additional information about communication through social media refer to Pembina’s Social Media Rules.
H.
Outside Business Activities
Personnel may not take for themselves personally, or for their friends, family members or associates, opportunities that are discovered through the use of Pembina assets, information or position. Personnel may not participate in outside business or financial activities that compete directly with Pembina. Personnel may not use Pembina assets or information or their position with Pembina at any time, for personal gain. Personnel owe a duty to Pembina to advance its legitimate business interests when the opportunity to do so arises.
It is expected that Personnel will not participate in an outside business that supplies services or has business dealings with Pembina where there is a possibility of preferential treatment being received by virtue of the Personnel's position.
I.
Fair Dealing
Personnel should deal fairly with Pembina's customers, suppliers, competitors and should not engage in any activity that could potentially result in an unfair competitive advantage through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information, misrepresentation of material facts, or any other unfair-dealing practice. Pembina supports a free marketplace and the laws and business practices that preserve free and fair competition. Personnel must comply with all antitrust and competition laws and must not engage in anticompetitive behavior such as collusion and price fixing. For further information, please consult Pembina's Inter-Affiliate Restricted Information Policy.
Pembina obtains information about its competitors only through legal and ethical means. Personnel must never obtain, or enlist someone to obtain, illegally or unethically sourced information. If you are in possession of such information, report it immediately.


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J.
Privacy and Confidentiality
The protection of information and confidentiality is extremely important to Pembina, regardless of whether it is personal or corporate. Personnel are expected, and should expect, that personally identifiable information be treated with respect and protected from collection or disclosure without consent and Pembina complies with applicable legislation governing the protection of personal information. Moreover, we are required to preserve and protect the confidentiality of corporate initiatives and intellectual property as well as business and operational plans. Personnel should exercise care when discussing what may be considered confidential or private information with other Personnel or outside parties. For further information, please consult Pembina's Disclosure Policy, Insider Trading and Reporting Policy, Privacy Policy, and Pembina's Inter-Affiliate Restricted Information Policy.
K.
Integrity of Financial Information
Stakeholders must be provided with accurate, up-to-date financial information in order to make informed decisions. Many Personnel contribute directly to various reporting processes that impact the integrity and accuracy of financial information, statements and management reports. All Personnel have a responsibility to ensure that financial records accurately reflect financial transactions. Adequate controls must be maintained to ensure the accuracy of financial reporting. The books and records of Pembina must reflect in reasonable detail its transactions in a timely, fair and accurate manner to, among other things, permit the preparation of accurate financial statements in accordance with applicable generally accepted accounting principles and maintain recorded accountability for assets and liabilities. All Personnel responsible for maintaining Pembina's financial records must maintain the accuracy of asset and liability records by comparing the records to the existing assets and liabilities at reasonable intervals, and appropriate action must be taken with respect to any differences. All business transactions in which Personnel have participated must be properly authorized, properly recorded and supported by accurate documentation in reasonable detail. Any intentional misrepresentations, regardless of size, are a clear contravention of this Policy and bring into question the integrity of the Personnel as well as Pembina itself. These situations are taken extremely seriously by Pembina, and will be promptly dealt with (see Compliance below). For further information please consult Pembina’s Authorization for Expenditure Policy, the Spending Authorization and Delegation Policy, the Capital Asset Accounting and Capitalization Policy, Materials Inventory Accounting and Financial Authorization Policy, and the Materials Management and Inventory Control Policy.
L.
Business Expenses
Personnel may incur expenses as a result of activities that support Pembina’s operations, including domestic or international business travel. Pembina’s Travel, Meals and Entertainment Policy establishes expectations and best practices for business travel and meals and entertainment expenses by outlining acceptable and unacceptable use of Corporation funds.
M.
Disclosure Matters
The Corporation is required to provide full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in the reports and documents that it files with, or submits to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the Alberta Securities Commission and other Canadian securities regulatory authorities, the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, as well in other public communications made by the Corporation. Many Personnel contribute directly to the preparation of Pembina's public disclosures, or provide information as part of the process. All such Personnel must ensure that the disclosures are prepared and information is provided honestly, accurately, and in compliance with the various Pembina disclosure controls and procedures.


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No information may be concealed from Pembina's external auditors, internal auditors, the Board of Directors, or the Audit Committee. It is illegal to fraudulently influence, coerce, manipulate or mislead an external auditor who is auditing Pembina's financial statements. For further information, please consult Pembina’s Disclosure Policy.
N.
Insider Trading / Misuse of Financial Information
All non-public information about Pembina, its partners or its customers should be considered confidential information. To use non-public information for personal financial benefit or to "tip" others who might make an investment decision on the basis of this information is not only unethical but also illegal. Information is generally considered “non-public” until the opening of markets on the second full trading day after it is disclosed to the public. This includes, but is not limited to shares or securities which the Corporation is evaluating, or is studying, as a possible acquisition or joint venture partner or with whom a major contract may be concluded. Use or disclosure of such information can result in civil or criminal penalties, for both the individuals involved and the Corporation. If you have any questions, please consult the Insider Trading Policy Administrator. For further information, please consult Pembina’s Insider Trading and Reporting Policy.
O.
Protection and Use of Pembina Assets and Property
All Personnel should protect, and promote the responsible use of Pembina's assets and resources and ensure their efficient use. Theft, damage, misuse, carelessness and waste have a direct impact on the Corporation's profitability. Any suspected incidents of fraud or theft should be immediately reported for investigation.
Pembina assets, such as proprietary information, funds, materials, supplies, products, computers, software, facilities and other assets owned or leased by Pembina or that are otherwise in Pembina's possession may only be used for legitimate business purposes. Pembina assets must only be used for legitimate business purposes, and may never be used for illegal purposes.
All proprietary information is the property of Pembina. Personnel must take care to protect the integrity, confidentiality and distribution of this information. Proprietary information includes any information that is not generally known to the public or would be helpful to our competitors. Examples of proprietary information are intellectual property (trademarks, patents), business and marketing plans, financial information, and Personnel information. The obligation to use proprietary information only for legitimate business purposes continues even after Personnel leave the Corporation. Confidential information, including all non-public information that might be of use to competitors or harmful to Pembina or its customers if disclosed, must not be disclosed except when disclosure is authorized or legally mandated. For further information, please consult Pembina’s Privacy Policy, Acceptable Use of Information Assets Policy and Security Management Policy.
P.
Workplace Environment and Relationships
Personnel are expected to conduct themselves in a professional and courteous manner with their peers and coworkers as part of the fulfillment of their work responsibilities and day-to-day relationships. Any report of violation of this standard will be investigated and may result in disciplinary action, up to and including dismissal. Conversely, filing of frivolous or false reports will also be investigated and could result in disciplinary action. For further information, please consult Pembina's Respectful Workplace Policy.
Q.
Workplace Violence
The workplace must be free from violent behavior. Threatening, intimidating or aggressive behavior, as well as bullying, subjecting to ridicule or other similar behavior toward fellow Personnel or others in the workplace will not be tolerated. No weapons of any kind will be tolerated in the workplace unless such are required for property security purposes and then only after written authorization from an executive of the Corporation. For further information, please consult Pembina’s Respectful Workplace Policy.


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V.    ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF LEADERSHIP
Every Leader is expected to demonstrate and promote compliance with our Policy through their day-to-day actions and decision making. Leaders are responsible for providing clear guidance to Personnel on appropriate business conduct and to enforce compliance with our Policy. Compliance includes ensuring that all Personnel who report to you complete the annual ethics training and declaration process. Leaders are expected to appropriately address all potential violations of our Policy when they are brought to their attention. Leaders may have additional specific responsibilities set out in other Pembina policies.

VI.    WAIVERS AND AMENDMENTS
Any waivers of this Policy for directors or officers may be made only by the Board of Directors. Waivers in respect of employees, consultants, contractors or agents may be given by the Chief Executive Officer who shall report any waivers given to the Board of Directors at its next meeting.
Amendments to, material departures, or waivers of the provisions in this Policy that constitute a material change will be promptly publicly disclosed in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and stock exchange rules .

VII.    COMPLIANCE
Personnel must comply with this Policy at all times. Any breaches of this Policy may result in disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment for cause or termination of engagement, as well as potential civil and criminal sanctions.
Reporting Questionable Practices / Breaches of the Policy
Pembina is committed to maintaining a work environment where Personnel feel free to report any irregularities they witness or become aware of with regard to any legal or regulatory matter, accounting, internal controls, auditing, or violations of this Policy, without the fear of retribution, retaliation or inaction. If Personnel observe or become aware of an actual or potential violation of this Policy or of any law, rule or regulation, whether committed by Personnel or by others associated with Pembina, it is the individual's responsibility to report the circumstances in accordance with Pembina’s Whistleblower Policy and to cooperate with any investigation by the Corporation.
This Policy is designed to provide an atmosphere of open communication for compliance issues and to ensure that an individual acting in good faith has the means to report actual or potential violations. If Personnel are unsure about the best course of action to take with respect to a particular situation, the individual is encouraged to seek guidance, using the procedures set forth in Pembina's Whistleblower Policy. Individuals who become aware of, or have any questions with respect to, any violation or potential violation of any law, rule or regulation or of this Policy, or have any concerns with respect to accounting, internal controls or auditing matters, are required to promptly report it in accordance with Pembina's Whistleblower Policy. Any reports submitted hereunder and thereunder will be promptly and thoroughly investigated and addressed in accordance with the Whistleblower Policy. It is Pembina’s responsibility to ensure that any individuals who report violations of this Policy are treated fairly and with respect.
There will be no reprisals against Personnel for good faith reporting of compliance concerns or violations. Open communication of issues and concerns without fear of retribution or retaliation is vital to the successful implementation of this Policy.



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VIII.     REVIEWED AND APPROVED
The Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer is the officer responsible for this Policy. This Policy will be reviewed annually by the Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer and submitted to the Officer Committee for approval, who will recommend it to the Governance, Nominating and Corporate Social Responsibility Committee for approval.
This Policy was last approved by the Officer Committee on July 16, 2018.
This Policy was last approved by the Governance, Nominating and Corporate Social Responsibility Committee on October 31, 2018.

IX.     RELATED POLICIES
The following policies relate to the subject matter of this Policy:
Health, Safety and Environment Policy
Disclosure Policy
Privacy Policy
Inter-Affiliate Restricted Information Policy
Authorization for Expenditure Policy
Spending Authority and Delegation Policy
Capital Asset Accounting and Capitalization Policy
Materials Inventory Accounting and Financial Authorization Policy
Insider Trading and Reporting Policy
Privacy Policy
Information Management Policy
Acceptable Use of Information Assets Policy
Security Management Policy
Respectful Workplace Policy
Whistleblower Policy

X. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS
Rules and Conventions in support of this Policy may be created and approved by the Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer and the Officer Committee.



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