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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to            
Commission File No. 001-36429
ARES-20210331_G1.JPG
ARES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 80-0962035
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
2000 Avenue of the Stars, 12th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90067
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
(310) 201-4100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share ARES New York Stock Exchange
7.00% Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share ARES.PRA New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x  No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x  No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company.” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer
 x
Accelerated Filer Non-Accelerated Filer Smaller Reporting Company Emerging Growth Company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes   No x
As of April 30, 2021 there were 162,282,379 of the registrant’s shares of Class A common stock outstanding, 3,489,911 of the registrant’s shares of non-voting common stock outstanding, 1,000 shares of the registrant's Class B common stock outstanding, and 112,163,894 of the registrant's Class C common stock outstanding.



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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events, operations and financial performance. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking words such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of those words, other comparable words or other statements that do not relate to historical or factual matters. The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties and assumptions relating to our operations, financial results, financial condition, business prospects, growth strategy and liquidity. Some of these factors are described in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, under the headings “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the risk factors and other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other periodic filings. If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law. For a discussion of risks resulting from the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and the impact on the U.S. and global economy, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Ares Operating Group” refer to, collectively, Ares Holdings L.P. (“Ares Holdings”), Ares Offshore Holdings L.P. (“Ares Offshore”) and Ares Investments L.P. (“Ares Investments”). References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to an “Ares Operating Group Unit” or an “AOG Unit” refer to, collectively, a partnership unit in each of the Ares Operating Group entities. The use of any defined term in this report to mean more than one entities, persons, securities or other items collectively is solely for convenience of reference and in no way implies that such entities, persons, securities or other items are one indistinguishable group. For example, notwithstanding the use of the defined terms “Ares,” “we” and “our” in this report to refer to Ares Management Corporation and its subsidiaries, each subsidiary of Ares Management Corporation is a standalone legal entity that is separate and distinct from Ares Management Corporation and any of its other subsidiaries.

Under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), we are required to consolidate (a) entities other than limited partnerships and entities similar to limited partnerships in which we hold a majority voting interest or have majority ownership and control over the operational, financial and investing decisions of that entity, including Ares-affiliates and affiliated funds and co-investment entities, for which we are presumed to have controlling financial interests, and (b) entities that we concluded are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), including limited partnerships and collateralized loan obligations, for which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. When an entity is consolidated, we reflect the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of the entity in our consolidated financial statements on a gross basis, subject to eliminations from consolidation, including the elimination of the management fees, performance income and other fees that we earn from the entity. However, the presentation of performance related compensation and other expenses associated with generating such revenues is not affected by the consolidation process. In addition, as a result of the consolidation process, the net income attributable to third-party investors in consolidated entities is presented as net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We also consolidate joint ventures that we have established with third-party investors for strategic distribution and expansion purposes. The results of these entities are reflected on a gross basis in the consolidated financial statements, subject to eliminations from consolidation, and net income attributable to third-party investors in the consolidated joint ventures is included in net income attributable to redeemable interest and non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities.

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in addition to presenting our results on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, we present revenues, expenses and other results on a (i) “segment basis,” which deconsolidates the consolidated funds and removes the proportional results attributable to third-party investors in the consolidated joint ventures, and therefore shows the results of our reportable segments without giving effect to the consolidation of these entities and (ii) “unconsolidated reporting basis,” which shows the results of our reportable segments on a combined segment basis together with our Operations Management Group. In addition to our reportable segments, we have an Operations Management Group (the “OMG”). The OMG consists of shared resource groups to support our reportable segments by providing infrastructure and administrative support in the areas of accounting/finance, operations, information technology, strategy and relationship management, legal, compliance and human resources. The OMG’s expenses are not allocated to our reportable segments but we consider the cost
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structure of the OMG when evaluating our financial performance. This information constitutes non-GAAP financial information within the meaning of Regulation G, as promulgated by the SEC. Our management uses this information to assess the performance of our reportable segments and the OMG, and we believe that this information enhances the ability of shareholders to analyze our performance. For more information, see “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 14. Segment Reporting.”
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Glossary

When used in this report, unless the context otherwise requires:

“ARCC Part II Fees” refers to fees that are paid in arrears as of the end of each calendar year when the cumulative aggregate realized capital gains exceed the cumulative aggregate realized capital losses and aggregate unrealized capital depreciation, less the aggregate amount of ARCC Part II Fees paid in all prior years since inception;

“Ares”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Ares Management Corporation and its subsidiaries;

“Ares Operating Group Unit” or an “AOG Unit” refers to, collectively, a partnership unit in each of the Ares Operating Group entities;

“assets under management” or “AUM” generally refers to the assets we manage. For our funds other than CLOs, our AUM represents the sum of the net asset value (“NAV”) of such funds, the drawn and undrawn debt (at the fund-level including amounts subject to restrictions) and uncalled committed capital (including commitments to funds that have yet to commence their investment periods). NAV refers to the fair value of the assets of a fund less the fair value of the liabilities of the fund. For the CLOs we manage, our AUM is equal to initial principal amounts adjusted for paydowns. AUM also includes the proceeds raised in the initial public offering of a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”) sponsored by us;

“AUM not yet paying fees” (also referred to as “shadow AUM”) refers to AUM that is not currently paying fees and is eligible to earn management fees upon deployment;

“available capital” (also referred to as “dry powder”) is comprised of uncalled committed capital and undrawn amounts under credit facilities and may include AUM that may be canceled or not otherwise available to invest;

“catch-up fees” refers to management fees that are one-time in nature and represents management fees charged to fund investors in subsequent closings of a fund that apply to the time period between the fee initiation date and the subsequent closing date;

“Class B membership interests” refers to the interests that were retained by the former owners of Crestline Denali Capital LLC and represent the financial interests in the subordinated notes of the related CLOs;

“CLOs” refers to “our funds” that are structured as collateralized loan obligations;

“Consolidated Funds” refers collectively to certain Ares funds, co-investment entities, CLOs and SPACs that are required under GAAP to be consolidated in our consolidated financial statements;

“Credit Facility” refers to the revolving credit facility of the Ares Operating Group;

“effective management fee rate” represents the annualized fees divided by the average fee paying AUM for the period, excluding the impact of one-time catch-up fees;

“fee paying AUM” or “FPAUM” refers to the AUM from which we directly earn management fees. FPAUM is equal to the sum of all the individual fee bases of our funds that directly contribute to our management fees. For our funds other than CLOs, our FPAUM represents the amount of limited partner capital commitments for certain closed-end funds within the reinvestment period, the amount of limited partner invested capital for the aforementioned closed-end funds beyond the reinvestment period and the portfolio value, gross asset value or NAV. For the CLOs we manage, our FPAUM is equal to the gross amount of aggregate collateral balance, at par, adjusted for defaulted or discounted collateral;

“fee related earnings” or “FRE”, a non-GAAP measure, is used to assess core operating performance by determining whether recurring revenue, primarily consisting of management fees, is sufficient to cover operating expenses and to generate profits. FRE differs from income before taxes computed in accordance with GAAP as it
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excludes performance income, performance related compensation, investment income from our Consolidated Funds and non-consolidated funds and certain other items that we believe are not indicative of our core operating performance;

“GAAP” refers to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America;

“Holdco Members” refers to Michael Arougheti, David Kaplan, Antony Ressler, Bennett Rosenthal, Ryan Berry, R. Kipp deVeer and Michael McFerran;

“Incentive eligible AUM” or “IEAUM” generally refers to the AUM of our funds and other entities from which performance income may be generated, regardless of whether or not they are currently generating performance income. It generally represents the NAV plus uncalled equity or total assets plus uncalled debt, as applicable, of our funds for which we are entitled to receive performance income, excluding capital committed by us and our professionals (from which we generally do not earn performance income), as well as proceeds raised in the initial public offering of a SPAC sponsored by us. With respect to ARCC's AUM, only ARCC Part II Fees may be generated from IEAUM;

“Incentive generating AUM” or “IGAUM” refers to the AUM of our funds and other entities that are currently generating performance income on a realized or unrealized basis. It generally represents the NAV or total assets of our funds, as applicable, for which we are entitled to receive performance income, excluding capital committed by us and our professionals (from which we generally do not earn performance income). ARCC is only included in IGAUM when ARCC Part II Fees are being generated;

“management fees” refers to fees we earn for advisory services provided to our funds, which are generally based on a defined percentage of fair value of assets, total commitments, invested capital, net asset value, net investment income, total assets or par value of the investment portfolios managed by us. Management fees include Part I Fees, a quarterly fee based on the net investment income of certain funds, among others;    

“net inflows of capital” refers to net new commitments during the period, including equity and debt commitments and gross inflows into our open-ended managed accounts and sub-advised accounts, as well as new debt and equity issuances by our publicly traded vehicles minus redemptions from our open-ended funds, managed accounts and sub-advised accounts;

“net performance income” refers to performance income net of performance related compensation. Performance related compensation is the portion of performance income that is typically payable to our professionals;

“our funds” refers to the funds, alternative asset companies, co-investment vehicles and other entities and accounts that are managed or co-managed by the Ares Operating Group, and which are structured to pay fees. It also includes funds managed by Ivy Hill Asset Management, L.P., a wholly owned portfolio company of ARCC and an SEC-registered investment adviser;

“Part I Fees” refers to a quarterly performance income on the net investment income of Ares Capital Corporation (NASDAQ: ARCC) (“ARCC”) and CION Ares Diversified Credit Fund (“CADC”). Such fees are classified as management fees as they are predictable and recurring in nature, not subject to contingent repayment and generally cash-settled each quarter, unless subject to a payment deferral;

“performance income” refers to income we earn based on the IGAUM of a fund and typically represents returns in excess of a preferred return as defined in the fund’s investment management or partnership agreement and may be either an incentive fee or carried interest;

“permanent capital” refers to capital of our funds that do not have redemption provisions or a requirement to return capital to investors upon exiting the investments made with such capital, except as required by applicable law. Such funds currently consist of ARCC, Ares Commercial Real Estate Corporation (“ACRE”) and Ares Dynamic Credit Allocation Fund, Inc. (“ARDC”). Such funds may be required, or elect, to return all or a portion
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of capital gains and investment income. In addition, permanent capital includes certain insurance related assets that are owned or related to Aspida Life Re Ltd (“Aspida”);

“realized income” or “RI”, a non-GAAP measure, is an operating metric used by management to evaluate performance of the business based on operating performance and the contribution of each of the business segments to that performance, while removing the fluctuations of unrealized income and losses, which may or may not be eventually realized at the levels presented and whose realizations depend more on future outcomes than current business operations. RI differs from income before taxes by excluding (a) operating results of our Consolidated Funds, (b) depreciation and amortization expense, (c) the effects of changes arising from corporate actions, (d) unrealized gains and losses related to performance income and investment performance and (e) certain other items that we believe are not indicative of our operating performance. Changes arising from corporate actions include equity-based compensation expenses, the amortization of intangible assets, transaction costs associated with mergers, acquisitions and capital transactions, underwriting costs and expenses incurred in connection with corporate reorganization;

“SEC” refers to the Securities and Exchange Commission;

“Series A Preferred Stock” refers to the preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company designated as 7.00% Series A Preferred Stock;

“2024 Senior Notes” refers to senior notes issued by a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Holdings in October 2014 with a maturity in October 2024; and

“2030 Senior Notes” refers to senior notes issued by a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Holdings in June 2020 with a maturity in June 2030.

Many of the terms used in this report, including AUM, FPAUM, FRE and RI, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. In addition, our definitions of AUM and FPAUM are not based on any definition of AUM or FPAUM that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage and may differ from definitions of AUM or FPAUM set forth in other agreements to which we are a party or definitions used by the SEC or other regulatory bodies. Further, FRE and RI are not measures of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP. We use FRE and RI as measures of operating performance, not as measures of liquidity. FRE and RI should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for operating income, net income, operating cash flows, or other income or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. The use of FRE and RI without consideration of related GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described above. Our management compensates for these limitations by using FRE and RI as supplemental measures to our GAAP results. We present these measures to provide a more complete understanding of our performance as our management measures it. Amounts and percentages throughout this report may reflect rounding adjustments and consequently totals may not appear to sum.
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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Ares Management Corporation 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition 
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Data)        
As of March 31, As of December 31,
  2021 2020
(unaudited)
Assets    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 609,872  $ 539,812 
Investments (includes accrued carried interest of $1,369,684 and $1,145,853 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)
1,931,978  1,682,759 
Due from affiliates 335,450  405,887 
Other assets 779,941  812,419 
Right-of-use operating lease assets 157,908  154,742 
Assets of Consolidated Funds:
Cash and cash equivalents 557,271  522,377 
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value 1,000,040  — 
Investments, at fair value 10,948,173  10,877,097 
Due from affiliates 16,240  17,172 
Receivable for securities sold 166,960  121,225 
Other assets 32,096  35,502 
Total assets $ 16,535,929  $ 15,168,992 
Liabilities    
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 119,578  $ 115,289 
Accrued compensation 89,791  103,010 
Due to affiliates 77,817  100,186 
Performance related compensation payable 968,582  813,378 
Debt obligations 811,279  642,998 
Operating lease liabilities 186,594  180,236 
Liabilities of Consolidated Funds:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 98,473  46,824 
Due to affiliates 622  — 
Payable for securities purchased 781,845  514,946 
CLO loan obligations, at fair value 9,839,639  9,958,076 
Fund borrowings 110,409  121,909 
Total liabilities 13,084,629  12,596,852 
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable interest in Consolidated Funds 930,924   
Redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities 99,808  100,366 
Non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds 552,688  539,720 
Non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities 706,381  738,369 
Stockholders' Equity
Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized (12,400,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)
298,761  298,761 
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,500,000,000 shares authorized (149,840,978 shares and 147,182,562 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)
1,498  1,472 
Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized (1,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020)
   
Class C common stock, $0.01 par value, 499,999,000 shares authorized (112,163,894 shares and 112,447,618 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)
1,122  1,124 
Additional paid-in-capital 1,033,735  1,043,669 
Retained earnings (173,555) (151,824)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (62) 483 
Total stockholders' equity 1,161,499  1,193,685 
Total equity 2,420,568  2,471,774 
Total liabilities, redeemable interest, non-controlling interests and equity $ 16,535,929  $ 15,168,992 
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Data)
(unaudited)
  Three months ended March 31,
  2021 2020
Revenues
Management fees $ 320,273  $ 263,849 
Carried interest allocation 297,535  (230,876)
Incentive fees 2,820  (3,249)
Principal investment income (loss) 25,100  (26,723)
Administrative, transaction and other fees 12,660  10,408 
Total revenues 658,388  13,409 
Expenses
Compensation and benefits 231,850  180,084 
Performance related compensation 221,432  (167,899)
General, administrative and other expenses 67,656  62,331 
Expenses of Consolidated Funds 4,171  7,443 
Total expenses 525,109  81,959 
Other income (expense)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 5,433  (8,034)
Interest and dividend income 960  1,790 
Interest expense (6,695) (5,306)
Other income (expense), net (4,149) 5,464 
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds 16,422  (254,761)
Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds 115,839  113,225 
Interest expense of Consolidated Funds (71,025) (80,241)
Total other income (expense) 56,785  (227,863)
Income (loss) before taxes 190,064  (296,413)
Income tax expense (benefit) 25,754  (20,616)
Net income (loss) 164,310  (275,797)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds 49,858  (166,406)
Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Operating Group entities 114,452  (109,391)
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities 32  — 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities 56,042  (78,355)
Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation 58,378  (31,036)
Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid 5,425  5,425 
Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders $ 52,953  $ (36,461)
Net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock:
Basic $ 0.33  $ (0.33)
Diluted $ 0.32  $ (0.33)
Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock:
Basic 149,271,822  118,366,539 
Diluted 163,664,384  118,366,539 


Substantially all revenue is earned from affiliated funds of the Company. See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Amounts in Thousands)
(unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,
  2021 2020
Net income (loss) $ 164,310  $ (275,797)
Other comprehensive income (loss):    
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax (10,573) (14,208)
Total comprehensive income (loss) 153,737  (290,005)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities (558) — 
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds 40,786  (171,093)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities 55,676  (83,074)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation $ 57,833  $ (35,838)
 
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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    Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
(Amounts in Thousands)

Series A Preferred Stock Class A Common Stock Class C Common Stock Additional Paid-in-Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Non-Controlling Interest in Ares Operating Group Entities Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated Funds Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 298,761  $ 1,472  $ 1,124  $ 1,043,669  $ (151,824) $ 483  $ 738,369  $ 539,720  $ 2,471,774 
Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits —  26  (2) (41,686) —  —  (44,477) —  (86,139)
Capital contributions —  —  —  —  —  —  —  11,011  11,011 
Dividends/Distributions (5,425) —  —  —  (74,684) —  (67,084) (38,829) (186,022)
Net income 5,425  —  —  —  52,953  —  56,042  49,858  164,278 
Currency translation adjustment, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  (545) (366) (9,072) (9,983)
Equity compensation —  —  —  31,752  —  —  23,897  —  55,649 
Balance at March 31, 2021 298,761  1,498  1,122  1,033,735  (173,555) (62) 706,381  552,688  2,420,568 

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
(Amounts in Thousands)
(unaudited)
Series A Preferred Stock Class A Common Stock Class C Common Stock Additional Paid-in-Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Non-Controlling Interest in Ares Operating Group Entities Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated Funds Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 298,761  $ 1,152  $   $ 525,244  $ (50,820) $ (6,047) $ 472,288  $ 618,020  $ 1,858,598 
Consolidation and deconsolidation of funds, net —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (3,882) (3,882)
Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits —  40  —  (196,670) —  —  122,551  —  (74,079)
Issuances of common stock —  121  1,152  382,061  —  —  —  —  383,334 
Capital contributions —  —  —  —  —  —  42,012  133,265  175,277 
Dividends/Distributions (5,425) —  —  —  (51,090) —  (55,748) (13,492) (125,755)
Net loss 5,425  —  —  —  (36,461) —  (78,355) (166,406) (275,797)
Currency translation adjustment, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  (4,802) (4,719) (4,687) (14,208)
Equity compensation —  —  —  16,420  —  —  16,137  —  32,557 
Stock option exercises —  11  —  19,540  —  —  —  —  19,551 
Balance at March 31, 2020 298,761  1,324  1,152  746,595  (138,371) (10,849) 514,166  562,818  1,975,596 
Consolidation and deconsolidation of funds, net —  —  —  —  —  —  —  1,475  1,475 
Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits —  (4) (9,702) —  —  9,796  —  94 
Expenses incurred upon issuance of common stock —  —  —  (181) —  —  —  —  (181)
Capital contributions —  —  —  —  —  —  229  (9,570) (9,341)
Dividends/Distributions (5,425) —  —  —  (57,620) —  (59,949) (136,837) (259,831)
Net income 5,425  —  —  —  50,946  —  75,119  85,186  216,676 
Currency translation adjustment, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  (388) (54) 3,129  2,687 
Equity compensation —  —  —  15,500  —  —  13,183  —  28,683 
Stock option exercises —  25  —  47,865  —  —  —  —  47,890 
Balance at June 30, 2020 298,761  1,353  1,148  800,077  (145,045) (11,237) 552,490  506,201  2,003,748 
Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits —  (2) (122,555) —  —  118,804  —  (3,751)
Issuances of common stock —  77  —  305,261  —  —  —  —  305,338 
Capital contributions —  —  —  481  —  —  —  18  499 
Dividends/Distributions (5,425) —  —  —  (61,159) —  (49,391) (19,418) (135,393)
Net income 5,425  —  —  —  42,120  —  52,162  42,627  142,334 
Currency translation adjustment, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  4,450  4,128  7,673  16,251 
Equity compensation —  —  —  16,921  —  —  13,416  —  30,337 
Stock option exercises —  —  11,512  —  —  —  —  11,518 
Balance at September 30, 2020 298,761  1,438  1,146  1,011,697  (164,084) (6,787) 691,609  537,101  2,370,881 
Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits —  27,000  (22,000) 508,000  —  —  (21,922) —  (21,409)
Issuances of common stock —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Capital contributions —  —  —  —  —  —  2,558  8,717  11,275 
Dividends/Distributions (5,425) —  —  —  (61,577) —  (50,246) (81,760) (199,008)
Net income 5,425  —  —  —  73,837  —  96,308  66,678  242,248 
Currency translation adjustment, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  7,270  6,206  8,984  22,460 
Equity compensation —  —  —  17,553  —  —  13,856  —  31,409 
Stock option exercises —  —  13,910  —  —  —  —  13,917 
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 298,761  $ 1,472  $ 1,124  $ 1,043,669  $ (151,824) $ 483  $ 738,369  $ 539,720  $ 2,471,774 

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Amounts in Thousands)
(unaudited)
  Three months ended March 31,
  2021 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net income (loss) $ 164,310  $ (275,797)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities 44,284  125,070 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds (1,208,180) (453,015)
Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities (7,044) 51,995 
Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds 265,512  188,510 
Net cash used in operating activities (741,118) (363,237)
Cash flows from investing activities:    
Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of disposals (3,284) (3,062)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired —  (35,844)
Net cash used in investing activities (3,284) (38,906)
Cash flows from financing activities:    
Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock —  383,334 
Proceeds from Credit Facility 168,000  790,000 
Repayments of Credit Facility —  (60,000)
Dividends and distributions  (141,768) (106,838)
Series A Preferred Stock dividends (5,425) (5,425)
Stock option exercises —  19,551 
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards (84,590) (73,500)
Other financing activities 341  (2,125)
Allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds:
Contributions from redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds 941,935  133,265 
Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds (38,829) (13,492)
Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds 7,000  454,391 
Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds (29,453) (73,609)
Net cash provided by financing activities 817,211  1,445,552 
Effect of exchange rate changes (2,749) (14,120)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 70,060  1,029,289 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 539,812  138,384 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 609,872  $ 1,167,673 
 
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


1. ORGANIZATION
Ares Management Corporation (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries, is a leading global alternative investment manager operating integrated groups across Credit, Private Equity, Real Estate and Strategic Initiatives. Information about segments should be read together with “Note 14. Segment Reporting.” Subsidiaries of the Company serve as the general partners and/or investment managers to various investment funds and managed accounts within each investment group (the “Ares Funds”). These subsidiaries provide investment advisory services to the Ares Funds in exchange for management fees.

The accompanying unaudited financial statements include the condensed consolidated results of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company is a holding company, and the Company's assets include equity interests in Ares Holdings Inc., Ares Offshore Holdings, Ltd., and Ares AI Holdings L.P. In this quarterly report, the following of the Company’s subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Ares Operating Group” or “AOG”: Ares Offshore Holdings L.P. (“Ares Offshore”), Ares Holdings L.P. (“Ares Holdings”), and Ares Investments L.P (“Ares Investments”). The Company, indirectly through its wholly owned subsidiaries, is the general partner of each of the Ares Operating Group entities. The Company operates and controls all of the businesses and affairs of and conducts all of its material business activities through the Ares Operating Group.

In addition, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries manages or controls certain entities that have been consolidated in the accompanying financials statements as described in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”. These entities include Ares funds, co-investment entities, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”) (collectively, the “Consolidated Funds”). In February 2021, the Company’s first sponsored SPAC, Ares Acquisition Corporation (NYSE: AAC) (“AAC”), consummated its initial public offering that generated gross proceeds of $1.0 billion. Prior to the completion of a business combination, the sponsor, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, owns the majority of the Class B ordinary shares outstanding of AAC, and consolidates AAC under the voting interest model. Including the results of the Consolidated Funds significantly increases the reported amounts of the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows in the accompanying consolidated financial statements; however, the Consolidated Funds results included herein have no direct effect on the net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation or to Stockholders' Equity. Instead, economic ownership interests of the investors in the Consolidated Funds are reflected as redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds. Further, cash flows allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds are specifically identifiable in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Redeemable Interest and Non-Controlling Interests in Ares Operating Group Entities

The non-controlling interests in AOG entities represent a component of equity and net income attributable to the owners of the Ares Operating Group Units (“AOG Units”) that are not held directly or indirectly by the Company. These owners consist predominantly of Ares Owners Holdings L.P. but also include other strategic distribution partnerships with whom the Company has established joint ventures. Non-controlling interests in AOG entities are adjusted for contributions to and distributions from AOG during the reporting period and are allocated income from the AOG entities based on their historical ownership percentage for the proportional number of days in the reporting period.

On February 21, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition (“Crestline Acquisition”) of the Class A membership interests (the “Class A membership interests”) in Crestline Denali Capital LLC (“Crestline Denali”). The Class A membership interests entitle the Company to the fees associated with managing seven collateral management contracts. The Class B membership interests of Crestline Denali (the “Class B membership interests”) were retained by the former owners of Crestline Denali and represent the financial interests in the subordinated notes of the collateralized loan obligations. In connection with the Company's control over Crestline Denali, the Company also consolidates investments and financial results that are attributable to the Class B membership interests to which the Company has no economic rights or obligations. Equity and income (loss) attributable to the Class B membership interests is included within non-controlling interests in AOG entities.

On July 1, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of a majority interest in SSG Capital Holdings Limited and its operating subsidiaries (“SSG”) in accordance with the purchase agreement entered into on January 21, 2020 (“SSG Acquisition”). Following the acquisition, SSG began operating under the Ares SSG brand. Ares SSG is an alternative investment manager in the Asia Pacific that is focused on leveraging its broad Pan-Asian presence, extensive infrastructure and local origination network to make credit, private equity and special situation investments across Asia and Australia.

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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
In connection with the SSG Acquisition, the former owners of SSG retained an ownership interest in the operations acquired by the Company. In certain circumstances, the Company may acquire full ownership of SSG pursuant to a contractual arrangement that may be initiated by the Company or by the former owners of SSG. Since the acquisition of the remaining interest in SSG is not within the Company's sole discretion, the ownership interest held by the former owners of SSG is classified as a redeemable interest and represents mezzanine equity.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The condensed consolidated financial statements, including these notes, are unaudited and exclude some of the disclosures required in annual financial statements. Management believes it has made all necessary adjustments so that the condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and that estimates made in preparing its condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent, and that all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
As of March 31, 2021, the impact of the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) continues to unfold. As a result, management's estimates and assumptions may be subject to a higher degree of variability and volatility that may result in material differences from the current period.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and activities of the AOG entities, their consolidated subsidiaries and certain Consolidated Funds. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The Company has reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current year presentation.

U.S. Treasury Securities, at Fair Value

U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value represents U.S Treasury bills that were purchased with funds raised through the initial public offering of AAC, a consolidated SPAC that is presented within Consolidated Funds. The funds raised are held in a trust account that is restricted for use and may only be used for purposes of completing an initial business combination or redemption of public shares as set forth in the trust agreement. The U.S. Treasury bills have original maturities greater than three months when purchased and therefore is recorded at fair value. Interest income received on such securities is separately presented from the overall change in fair value and is recognized within interest and other income of Consolidated Funds in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Any remaining change in fair value of such securities, that is not recognized as interest income, is recognized in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Redeemable Interest in Consolidated Funds

Redeemable interest in Consolidated Funds represent the shares issued by AAC that are redeemable for cash by the public shareholders in connection with AAC’s failure to complete a business combination or tender offer associated with stockholder approval provisions. Although AAC has not specified a maximum redemption threshold, its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that in no event will it redeem its public shares in an amount that would cause its net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001. At each balance sheet date, the carrying value of the redeemable interest is presented at the redemption amount. The Company recognizes changes in the redemption amount with corresponding adjustments against additional paid-in-capital that is reflected within non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At March 31, 2021, approximately 93,092,438 of the 100,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of AAC were classified outside of permanent equity.

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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standard updates (“ASU”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). ASUs not listed below were assessed and either determined to be not applicable or expected to have minimal impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). The amendments in this update provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), to clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform. An entity may elect to adopt the amendments in ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 at any time after March 12, 2020 but no later than December 31, 2022. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging transactions as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Finite Lived Intangible Assets, Net
The following table summarizes the carrying value, net of accumulated amortization, of the Company's intangible assets that are included within other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
Weighted Average Amortization Period as of March 31, 2021 As of March 31, As of December 31,
2021 2020
Management contracts 5.2 years $ 210,857  $ 210,857 
Client relationships 8.8 years 25,141  25,141 
Trade name 9.1 years 11,079  11,079 
Intangible assets 247,077  247,077 
Foreign currency translation 1,873  3,093 
Total intangible assets 248,950  250,170 
Less: accumulated amortization (38,539) (28,082)
Intangible assets, net $ 210,411  $ 222,088 

Amortization expense associated with intangible assets was $10.6 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is presented within general, administrative and other expenses within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Goodwill

The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Company's goodwill assets that are included within other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
Credit Group Private
Equity Group
Real
Estate Group
Strategic Initiatives
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 32,196  $ 58,600  $ 53,120  $ 227,131  $ 371,047 
Foreign currency translation —  —  16  (1,043) (1,027)
Balance as of March 31, 2021 $ 32,196  $ 58,600  $ 53,136  $ 226,088  $ 370,020 

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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


There was no impairment of goodwill recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. The impact of foreign currency translation is reflected within other comprehensive income.

4. INVESTMENTS

The Company’s investments are comprised of the following:
Percentage of total investments
March 31, December 31, March 31, December 31,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Equity method investments:
Equity method private investment partnership interests - principal (1)
$ 388,820  $ 366,471  20.1  % 21.8  %
Equity method - carried interest (1)
1,369,684  1,145,853  70.9  68.1 
Equity method private investment partnership interests and other (held at fair value)(1)
93,017  92,196  4.8  5.5 
Equity method private investment partnership interests and other(1)
25,917  23,883  1.3  1.4 
Total equity method investments 1,877,438  1,628,403  97.1  96.8 
Collateralized loan obligations (2)
31,947  31,766  1.7  1.9 
Other fixed income 21,583  21,583  1.1  1.3 
Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income, at fair value 53,530  53,349  2.8  3.2 
Common stock, at fair value 1,010  1,007  0.1  0.1 
Total investments $ 1,931,978  $ 1,682,759 

(1)Investment or portion of the investment is denominated in foreign currency and is translated into U.S. dollars at each reporting date.
(2)As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, includes $3.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively, of collateralized loan obligations that are attributable to the Class B Membership Interests.

Equity Method Investments
The Company’s equity method investments include investments that are not consolidated but over which the Company exerts significant influence. The Company evaluates each of its equity method investments to determine if any were significant as defined by guidance from the SEC. As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, no individual equity method investment held by the Company met the significance criteria.
The Company recognized net gains of $26.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and net losses of $28.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 related to its equity method investments. The net gains and losses were included within principal investment income, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments, and interest and dividend income within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

With respect to the Company's equity method investments, the material assets are expected to generate either long-term capital appreciation and/or interest income, the material liabilities are debt instruments collateralized by, or related to, the financing of the assets and net income is materially comprised of the changes in fair value of these net assets.

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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


Investments of the Consolidated Funds

Investments held in the Consolidated Funds are summarized below:
Fair Value at Percentage of total investments as of
March 31, December 31, March 31, December 31,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Fixed income investments:
Bonds $ 396,455  $ 397,494  3.3  % 3.6%
Loans 10,037,808  10,012,948  84.0  92.1
U.S. Treasury securities 1,000,040  —  8.4 
Investments in CLO warehouse 25,350  —  0.2 
Total fixed income investments 11,459,653  10,410,442  95.9  95.7
Equity securities 236,953  227,031  2.0  2.1
Partnership interests 251,607  239,624  2.1  2.2
Total investments, at fair value $ 11,948,213  $ 10,877,097 

At March 31, 2021, the SPAC’s investment in U.S. Treasury bills exceeded 5% of the Company’s total assets. The U.S. Treasury bills mature in May 2021 and have an interest yield of approximately 0.3%. At December 31, 2020, no single issuer or investment, including derivative instruments and underlying portfolio investments of the Consolidated Funds, had a fair value that exceeded 5.0% of the Company’s total assets.

5. FAIR VALUE
Fair Value Measurements
GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring financial instruments at fair value into three levels based on their market price observability. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of instrument and the characteristics specific to the instrument. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices from an active market or for which fair value can be measured based on actively quoted prices generally have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment inherent in measuring fair value.
Financial assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value are classified as follows:
Level I—Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.
Level II—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets; and model-derived valuations with directly or indirectly observable significant inputs. Level II inputs include prices in markets with few transactions, non-current prices, prices for which little public information exists or prices that vary substantially over time or among brokered market makers. Other inputs include interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment risks, loss severities, credit risks and default rates.
Level III—Valuations that rely on one or more significant unobservable inputs. These inputs reflect the Company’s assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use to value the instrument based on the best information available.
In some instances, an instrument may fall into more than one level of the fair value hierarchy. In such instances, the instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest of the three levels (with Level III being the lowest) that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of an input requires judgment and considers factors specific to the instrument. The Company accounts for the transfer of assets into or out of each fair value hierarchy level as of the beginning of the reporting period

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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


Fair Value of Financial Instruments Held by the Company and Consolidated Funds

The following tables summarize the financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value for the Company and the Consolidated Funds as of March 31, 2021:
Financial Instruments of the Company Level I  Level II  Level III  Investments
Measured
at NAV
Total 
Assets, at fair value
Investments:
Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income
$ —  $ —  $ 53,530  $ —  $ 53,530 
Common stock and other equity securities —  1,010  89,233  —  90,243 
Partnership interests —  —  2,575  1,209  3,784 
Total investments, at fair value —  1,010  145,338  1,209  147,557 
Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts —  2,897  —  —  2,897 
Total assets, at fair value $   $ 3,907  $ 145,338  $ 1,209  $ 150,454 
Liabilities, at fair value
Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts $ —  $ (746) $ —  $ —  $ (746)
Total liabilities, at fair value $   $ (746) $   $   $ (746)

Financial Instruments of the Consolidated Funds Level I  Level II  Level III 
Investments
Measured
at NAV
Total 
Assets, at fair value
Investments:
Fixed income investments:
Bonds $ —  $ 395,834  $ 621  $ —  $ 396,455 
Loans —  9,478,049  559,759  —  10,037,808 
U.S. Treasury securities 1,000,040  —  —  —  1,000,040 
Investments in CLO warehouse —  25,350  —  —  25,350 
Total fixed income investments 1,000,040  9,899,233  560,380  —  11,459,653 
Equity securities 5,008  1,311  230,634  —  236,953 
Partnership interests —  —  243,452  8,155  251,607 
Total investments, at fair value 1,005,048  9,900,544  1,034,466  8,155  11,948,213 
Total assets, at fair value $ 1,005,048  $ 9,900,544  $ 1,034,466  $ 8,155  $ 11,948,213 
Liabilities, at fair value
Derivatives:
Warrants $ (17,500) $ —  $ —  $ —  $ (17,500)
Asset swaps-other —  —  (2,101) $ —  (2,101)
Loan obligations of CLOs —  (9,839,639) —  —  (9,839,639)
Total liabilities, at fair value $ (17,500) $ (9,839,639) $ (2,101) $   $ (9,859,240)
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The following tables summarize the financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value for the Company and the Consolidated Funds as of December 31, 2020:
Financial Instruments of the Company Level I  Level II  Level III  Investments
Measured
at NAV
Total 
Assets, at fair value
Investments:
Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income
$ —  $ —  $ 53,349  $ —  $ 53,349 
Common stock and other equity securities —  1,007  88,412  —  89,419 
Partnership interests —  —  2,575  1,209  3,784 
Total investments, at fair value —  1,007  144,336  1,209  146,552 
Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts —  1,440  —  —  1,440 
Total assets, at fair value $   $ 2,447  $ 144,336  $ 1,209  $ 147,992 
Liabilities, at fair value
Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts $ —  $ (1,565) $ —  $ —  $ (1,565)
Total liabilities, at fair value $   $ (1,565) $   $   $ (1,565)

Financial Instruments of the Consolidated Funds Level I Level II Level III Investments Measured
at NAV
Total
Assets, at fair value
Investments:
Fixed income investments:
Bonds $ —  $ 397,485  $ $ —  $ 397,494 
Loans —  9,470,651  542,297  —  10,012,948 
Total fixed income investments —  9,868,136  542,306  —  10,410,442 
Equity securities 5,749  239  221,043  —  227,031 
Partnership interests —  —  231,857  7,767  239,624 
Total investments, at fair value 5,749  9,868,375  995,206  7,767  10,877,097 
Derivatives:
Asset swaps-other —  —  1,104  —  1,104 
Total assets, at fair value $ 5,749  $ 9,868,375  $ 996,310  $ 7,767  $ 10,878,201 
Liabilities, at fair value
Derivatives:
Asset swaps-other $ —  $ —  $ (44) $ —  $ (44)
Loan obligations of CLOs —  (9,958,076) —  —  (9,958,076)
Total liabilities, at fair value $   $ (9,958,076) $ (44) $   $ (9,958,120)
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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The following tables set forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Level III measurements for the three months ended March 31, 2021:
Level III Assets
Level III Assets of the Company Equity 
Securities
Fixed Income Partnership Interests Total
Balance, beginning of period $ 88,412  $ 53,349  $ 2,575  $ 144,336 
Sales/settlements(2)
—  (1,539) —  (1,539)
Realized and unrealized appreciation, net 821  1,720  —  2,541 
Balance, end of period $ 89,233  $ 53,530  $ 2,575  $ 145,338 
Change in net unrealized appreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date $ 821  $ 1,720  $   $ 2,541 

Level III Net Assets of Consolidated Funds Equity 
Securities
Fixed 
Income
Partnership
Interests
Derivatives, Net Total
Balance, beginning of period $ 221,043  $ 542,305  $ 231,857  $ 1,060  $ 996,265 
Transfer in 2,289  221,555  —  —  223,844 
Transfer out (33) (209,002) —  —  (209,035)
Purchases(1)
8,308  137,655  1,000  —  146,963 
Sales/settlements(2)
(424) (127,350) —  185  (127,589)
Amortized discounts/premiums —  770  —  —  770 
Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net (549) (5,553) 10,595  (3,346) 1,147 
Balance, end of period $ 230,634  $ 560,380  $ 243,452  $ (2,101) $ 1,032,365 
Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date $ (582) $ (863) $ 10,594  $ (2,705) $ 6,444 

(1)Purchases include paid-in-kind interest and securities received in connection with restructuring.
(2)Sales/settlements include distributions, principal redemptions and securities disposed of in connection with restructurings.
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The following tables set forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Level III measurements for the three months ended March 31, 2020:
Level III Assets
Level III Assets of the Company Equity 
Securities
Fixed Income Partnership Interests Total
Balance, beginning of period $ 14,704  $ 69,183  $ 35,192  $ 119,079 
Transfer in due to changes in consolidation —  3,686  —  3,686 
Purchases(1)
—  643  —  643 
Sales/settlements(2)
—  (402) (32,430) (32,832)
Realized and unrealized depreciation, net —  (7,766) (187) (7,953)
Balance, end of period $ 14,704  $ 65,344  $ 2,575  $ 82,623 
Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date $   $ (6,731) $ 5,511  $ (1,220)

Level III Net Assets of Consolidated Funds Equity 
Securities
Fixed 
Income
Partnership Interests Derivatives, Net Total
Balance, beginning of period $ 85,988  $ 339,136  $ 296,012  $ (4,106) $ 717,030 
Transfer in (out) due to changes in consolidation (635) 392,672  —  —  392,037 
Transfer in —  607,588  —  —  607,588 
Transfer out —  (61,774) —  —  (61,774)
Purchases(1)
249  355,592  8,000  —  363,841 
Sales/settlements(2)
(351) (178,159) —  (1,278) (179,788)
Amortized discounts/premiums —  499  —  48  547 
Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net (42,499) (175,998) 3,013  5,356  (210,128)
Balance, end of period $ 42,752  $ 1,279,556  $ 307,025  $ 20  $ 1,629,353 
Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date $ (42,500) $ (170,496) $ 3,012  $ 2,874  $ (207,110)

(1)Purchases include paid-in-kind interest and securities received in connection with restructurings.
(2)Sales/settlements include distributions, principal redemptions and securities disposed of in connection with restructurings.

Transfers out of Level III were generally attributable to certain investments that experienced a more significant level of market activity during the period and thus were valued using observable inputs either from independent pricing services or multiple brokers. Transfers into Level III were generally attributable to certain investments that experienced a less significant level of market activity during the period and thus were only able to obtain one or fewer quotes from a broker or independent pricing service.
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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The following tables summarize the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for the Company’s and the Consolidated Funds' Level III measurements as of March 31, 2021:
Level III Measurements of the Company Fair Value Valuation Technique(s) Significant Unobservable Input(s) Range Weighted Average
Assets
Equity securities $ 14,704 
   Transaction price(1)
N/A N/A N/A
32,120  Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rates
14.0% - 20.0%
14.4%
42,409  Market Approach Multiple of Book Value 1.5x N/A
Partnership interests 2,575  Other N/A N/A N/A
Collateralized loan obligations 31,947  Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services N/A N/A N/A
Other fixed income 21,583  Other N/A N/A N/A
Total $ 145,338 

Level III Measurements of the Consolidated Funds Fair Value Valuation Technique(s) Significant Unobservable Input(s) Range Weighted Average
Assets
Equity securities
$ 236  Market approach
EBITDA multiple(2)
1.6x - 22.2x
16.3x
775  Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services N/A N/A N/A
  229,623 
   Transaction price(1)
N/A N/A N/A
Partnership interest 243,452  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 23.8% 23.8%
Fixed income securities
433,803  Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services N/A N/A N/A
3,929  Market approach
   EBITDA multiple(2)
6.5x - 7.8x
7.2x
96,092  Income approach Yield
2.7% - 37.2%
7.6%
26,556 
   Other
N/A N/A N/A
Total assets $ 1,034,466 
Liabilities
Derivative instruments $ (2,101) Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services N/A N/A N/A
Total liabilities $ (2,101)

(1)Transaction price consists of securities purchased or restructured. The Company determined that there was no change to the valuation based on the underlying assumptions used at the closing of such transactions.
(2)“EBITDA” in the table above is a non-GAAP financial measure and refers to earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization.
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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The following tables summarize the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for the Company’s and the Consolidated Funds' Level III measurements as of December 31, 2020:
Level III Measurements of the Company Fair Value  Valuation Technique(s)  Significant Unobservable Input(s) Range
Assets
Equity securities $ 14,704 
Transaction price(1)
N/A N/A
32,905  Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rates
14.0% - 20.0%
40,803  Market Approach Multiple of Book Value
1.6x
Partnership interests 2,575  Other N/A N/A
Collateralized loan obligations 31,766  Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services N/A N/A
Other fixed income 21,583  Other N/A N/A
Total $ 144,336 

Level III Measurements of the Consolidated Funds Fair Value  Valuation Technique(s)  Significant Unobservable Input(s)  Range Weighted Average
Assets
Equity securities
$ 438  Market approach
EBITDA multiple(2)
2.9x - 19.5x
13.4x
32,528  Other Net income multiple
30.0x
30.0x
Illiquidity discount 25.0% 25.0%
33  Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services N/A N/A N/A
  188,044 
Transaction price(1)
N/A N/A N/A
Partnership interests 231,857  Discounted cash flow Discount rate 23.8% 23.8%
Fixed income securities
384,419  Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services N/A N/A N/A
6,605  Market approach
EBITDA multiple(2)
6.5x - 7.8x
6.9x
122,962  Income approach Yield
2.7% - 48.1%
7.9%
28,320  Other N/A N/A N/A
Derivative instruments 1,104  Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services N/A N/A N/A
Total assets $ 996,310 
Liabilities
Derivative instruments $ (44) Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services N/A N/A N/A
Total liabilities $ (44)

(1)Transaction price consists of securities purchased or restructured. The Company determined that there has been no change to the valuation based on the underlying assumptions used at the closing of such transactions.
(2)“EBITDA” in the table above is a non-GAAP financial measure and refers to earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization.

The Company has an insurance-related investment in a private fund managed by a third party that is valued using NAV per share. The terms and conditions of this fund do not allow for redemptions without certain events or approvals that are outside the Company's control. This investment had a fair value of $1.2 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The Company has no unfunded commitments for this investment.
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


6. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In the normal course of business, the Company and the Consolidated Funds are exposed to certain risks relating to their ongoing operations and use various types of derivative instruments primarily to mitigate against credit and foreign exchange risk. The derivative instruments are not designated as hedging instruments under the accounting standards for derivatives and hedging. The Company recognizes all of its derivative instruments at fair value as either assets or liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition within other assets or accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively. These amounts may be offset to the extent that there is a legal right to offset and if elected by management.
The following tables identify the fair value and notional amounts of derivative contracts by major product type on a gross basis for the Company and the Consolidated Funds:
As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
Assets  Liabilities  Assets  Liabilities 
The Company
Notional(1)
Fair Value
Notional(1)
Fair Value
Notional(1)
Fair Value
Notional(1)
Fair Value
Foreign exchange contracts $ 49,594  $ 2,897  $ 23,039  $ 746  $ 30,040  $ 1,440  $ 39,362  $ 1,565 
Total derivatives, at fair value(2)
$ 49,594  $ 2,897  $ 23,039  $ 746  $ 30,040  $ 1,440  $ 39,362  $ 1,565 

As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
Assets Liabilities Assets  Liabilities 
Consolidated Funds 
Notional(1)
Fair Value
Notional(1)
Fair Value
Notional(1)
Fair Value
Notional(1)
Fair Value
Warrants $ —  $ —  $ 230,000  $ 17,500  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Asset swap - other 47,775  —  42,688  2,101  7,600  1,104  540  44 
Total derivatives, at fair value(3)
$ 47,775  $   $ 272,688  $ 19,601  $ 7,600  $ 1,104  $ 540  $ 44 

(1)Represents the total contractual amount of derivative assets and liabilities outstanding.
(2)As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had the right to, but elected not to, offset $0.7 million and $1.6 million of its derivative liabilities.
(3)As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Consolidated Funds offset $0.2 million and $0.4 million of their derivative assets and liabilities, respectively.

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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


7. DEBT
The following table summarizes the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ debt obligations:
As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
Debt Origination Date Maturity Original Borrowing Amount Carrying
Value
Interest Rate Carrying
Value
Interest Rate
Credit Facility(1)
Revolver 3/31/2026 N/A $ 168,000  3.38% $ —  —%
2024 Senior Notes(2)
10/8/2014 10/8/2024 $ 250,000  247,455  4.21 247,285  4.21
2030 Senior Notes(3)
6/15/2020 6/15/2030 400,000  395,824  3.28 395,713  3.28
Total debt obligations $ 811,279  $ 642,998 

(1)The AOG entities are borrowers under the Credit Facility, which provides a $1.065 billion revolving line of credit. It has a variable interest rate based on LIBOR or a base rate plus an applicable margin with an unused commitment fee paid quarterly, which is subject to change with the Company’s underlying credit agency rating. On March 31, 2021, the Company amended the Credit Facility to, among other things, extend the maturity date from March 2025 to March 2026. As of March 31, 2021, base rate loans bear interest calculated based on the base rate plus 0.125% and the LIBOR rate loans bear interest calculated based on LIBOR plus 1.125%. The unused commitment fee is 0.10% per annum. There is a base rate and LIBOR floor of zero.     
(2)The 2024 Senior Notes were issued in October 2014 by Ares Finance Co. LLC, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, at 98.27% of the face amount with interest paid semi-annually. The Company may redeem the 2024 Senior Notes prior to maturity, subject to the terms of the indenture governing the 2024 Notes.
(3)The 2030 Senior Notes were issued in June 2020 by Ares Finance Co. II LLC, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, at 99.77% of the face amount with interest paid semi-annually. The Company may redeem the 2030 Senior Notes prior to maturity, subject to the terms of the indenture governing the 2030 Notes.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all covenants under the debt obligations.
The Company typically incurs and pays debt issuance costs when entering into a new debt obligation or when amending an existing debt agreement. Debt issuance costs related to the 2024 and 2030 Senior Notes (the “Senior Notes”) are recorded as a reduction of the corresponding debt obligation, and debt issuance costs related to the Credit Facility are included in other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. All debt issuance costs are amortized over the remaining term of the related obligation into interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table presents the activity of the Company's debt issuance costs:
Credit Facility Senior Notes
Unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2020 $ 5,232  $ 4,283 
Debt issuance costs incurred 1,189  — 
Amortization of debt issuance costs (310) (149)
Unamortized debt issuance costs as of March 31, 2021 $ 6,111  $ 4,134 

Loan Obligations of the Consolidated CLOs
Loan obligations of the Consolidated Funds that are CLOs (“Consolidated CLOs”) represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the Consolidated CLOs. The Company measures the loan obligations of the Consolidated CLOs using the fair value of the financial assets of its Consolidated CLOs.
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The following loan obligations were outstanding and classified as liabilities of the Consolidated CLOs:
As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
Loan
Obligations
Fair Value of
Loan Obligations
Weighted 
Average
 Remaining Maturity 
In Years 
Loan
Obligations
Fair Value of Loan Obligations Weighted
Average
Remaining
Maturity 
In Years 
Senior secured notes(1)
$ 9,614,038  $ 9,553,375  9.9 $ 9,796,442  $ 9,665,804  10.1
Subordinated notes(2)
469,415  286,264  10.0 482,391  292,272  10.2
Total loan obligations of Consolidated CLOs $ 10,083,453  $ 9,839,639  $ 10,278,833  $ 9,958,076 

(1)Original borrowings under the senior secured notes totaled $9.6 billion, with various maturity dates ranging from July 2028 to October 2033. The weighted average interest rate as of March 31, 2021 was 1.89%.
(2)Original borrowings under the subordinated notes totaled $469.4 million, with various maturity dates ranging from July 2028 to October 2033. The notes do not have contractual interest rates; instead, holders of the notes receive distributions from the excess cash flows generated by each Consolidated CLO.
Loan obligations of the Consolidated CLOs are collateralized by the assets held by the Consolidated CLOs, consisting of cash and cash equivalents, corporate loans, corporate bonds and other securities. The assets of one Consolidated CLO may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another Consolidated CLO. Loan obligations of the Consolidated CLOs include floating rate notes, deferrable floating rate notes, revolving lines of credit and subordinated notes. Amounts borrowed under the notes are repaid based on available cash flows subject to priority of payments under each Consolidated CLO’s governing documents. Based on the terms of these facilities, the creditors of the facilities have no recourse to the Company.
Credit Facilities of the Consolidated Funds
Certain Consolidated Funds maintain credit facilities to fund investments between capital drawdowns. These facilities generally are collateralized by the unfunded capital commitments of the Consolidated Funds’ limited partners, bear an annual commitment fee based on unfunded commitments and contain various affirmative and negative covenants and reporting obligations, including restrictions on additional indebtedness, liens, margin stock, affiliate transactions, dividends and distributions, release of capital commitments and portfolio asset dispositions. The creditors of these facilities have no recourse to the Company and only have recourse to a subsidiary of the Company to the extent the debt is guaranteed by such subsidiary. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Consolidated Funds were in compliance with all covenants under such credit facilities.
The Consolidated Funds had the following revolving bank credit facilities and term loan outstanding:
As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
Consolidated Funds' Debt Facilities Maturity Date Total Capacity
Outstanding
Loan(1)
Effective Rate
Outstanding Loan(1)
Effective Rate
Credit Facilities:
3/4/2022 $ 71,500  $ 71,500  1.59% $ 71,500  1.59%
1/1/2023 18,000  17,909  1.69 17,909  1.75
10/14/2021 75,000  21,000  2.70 32,500  2.75
Total borrowings of Consolidated Funds $ 110,409  $ 121,909 

(1)The fair values of the borrowings approximate the carrying value as the interest rate on the borrowings is a floating rate.



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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Indemnification Arrangements
Consistent with standard business practices in the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that contain indemnities for affiliates of the Company, persons acting on behalf of the Company or such affiliates and third parties. The terms of the indemnities vary from contract to contract and the Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements cannot be determined and has not been recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As of March 31, 2021, the Company has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of loss to be remote.
Commitments
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had aggregate unfunded commitments to invest in funds it manages or to support certain strategic initiatives of $759.7 million and $784.2 million, respectively.
Performance Income
Performance income is affected by changes in the fair values of the underlying investments in the funds that we advise. Valuations, on an unrealized basis, can be significantly affected by a variety of external factors including, but not limited to, public equity market volatility, industry trading multiples and interest rates. Generally, if at the termination of a fund (and increasingly at interim points in the life of a fund), the fund has not achieved investment returns that (in most cases) exceed the preferred return threshold or (in all cases) the general partner receives net profits over the life of the fund in excess of its allocable share under the applicable partnership agreement, the Company will be obligated to repay carried interest that was received by the Company in excess of the amounts to which the Company is entitled. This contingent obligation is normally reduced by income taxes paid by the Company related to its carried interest. 
Senior professionals of the Company who have received carried interest distributions are responsible for funding their proportionate share of any contingent repayment obligations. However, the governing agreements of certain of the Company's funds provide that if a current or former professional does not fund his or her respective share for such fund, then the Company may have to fund additional amounts beyond what was received in carried interest, although the Company will generally retain the right to pursue any remedies under such governing agreements against those carried interest recipients who fail to fund their obligations.
Additionally, at the end of the life of the funds there could be a payment due to a fund by the Company if the Company has recognized more performance income than was ultimately earned. The general partner obligation amount, if any, will depend on final realized values of investments at the end of the life of the fund.
At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, if the Company assumed all existing investments were worthless, the amount of performance income subject to potential repayment, net of tax distributions, which may differ from the recognition of revenue, would have been approximately $303.2 million and $326.4 million, respectively, of which approximately $235.9 million and $252.4 million, respectively, is reimbursable to the Company by certain professionals who are the recipients of such performance income. Management believes the possibility of all of the investments becoming worthless is remote. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, if the funds were liquidated at their fair values, there would be no contingent repayment obligation or liability.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company is named as a defendant in legal actions relating to transactions conducted in the ordinary course of business. Although there can be no assurance of the outcome of such legal actions, in the opinion of
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


management, the Company does not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceeding or claim that would individually or in the aggregate materially affect its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Leases

The Company leases office space and certain office equipment. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of one to nine years. The tables below present certain supplemental quantitative disclosures regarding the Company's leases:
As of March 31, As of December 31,
Classification 2021 2020
Operating lease assets Right-of-use operating lease assets $ 157,908  $ 154,742 
Finance lease assets
Other assets(1)
1,260  1,386 
Total lease assets $ 159,168  $ 156,128 
Operating lease liabilities Operating lease liabilities $ 186,594  $ 180,236 
Finance lease obligations Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 912  1,273 
Total lease liabilities $ 187,506  $ 181,509 

(1) Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $1.1 million and $1.0 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Maturity of lease liabilities Operating Leases Finance Leases
2021 $ 27,311  $ 150 
2022 39,825  485 
2023 35,795  158 
2024 32,844  156 
2025 31,717 
After 2025 38,665  — 
Total future payments 206,157  955 
Less: interest 19,563  43 
Total lease liabilities $ 186,594  $ 912 

Three months ended March 31,
Classification 2021 2020
Operating lease expense General, administrative and other expenses $ 8,493  $ 7,632 
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets General, administrative and other expenses 126  94 
Interest on finance lease liabilities Interest expense 10  11 
Total lease expense $ 8,629  $ 7,737 

Three months ended March 31,
Other information 2021 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases $ 8,419  $ 8,178 
Operating cash flows for finance leases 25 
Financing cash flows for finance leases 341  36 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 13,374  8,744 
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


As of March 31, As of December 31,
Lease term and discount rate 2021 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating leases 5.7 6.0
Finance leases 2.7 2.6
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases 3.43  % 3.59  %
Finance leases 3.21  % 3.26  %

9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is earned from its affiliates, including management fees, carried interest allocation, incentive fees, principal investment income and administrative expense reimbursements. The related accounts receivable are included within due from affiliates within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, except that accrued carried interest allocations, which is predominantly due from affiliated funds, is presented separately within investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company has investment management agreements with the Ares Funds that it manages. In accordance with these agreements, these Ares Funds may bear certain operating costs and expenses which are initially paid by the Company and subsequently reimbursed by the Ares Funds.
The Company also has entered into agreements to be reimbursed for its expenses incurred for providing administrative services to certain related parties, including AAC, ARCC, ACRE, ARDC, Ivy Hill Asset Management, L.P., ACF FinCo I L.P. and CION Ares Diversified Credit Fund.
Employees and other related parties may be permitted to participate in co-investment vehicles that generally invest in Ares funds alongside fund investors. Participation is limited by law to individuals who qualify under applicable securities laws. These co-investment vehicles generally do not require these individuals to pay management or performance income.
Performance income from the funds can be distributed to professionals or their related entities on a current basis, subject, in the case of carried interest programs, to repayment by the subsidiary of the Company that acts as general partner of the relevant fund in the event that certain specified return thresholds are not ultimately achieved. The professionals have personally guaranteed, subject to certain limitations, the obligations of these subsidiaries in respect of this general partner obligation. Such guarantees are several, and not joint, and are limited to distributions received by the relevant recipient.
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The Company considers its professionals and non-consolidated funds to be affiliates. Amounts due from and to affiliates were composed of the following:
  As of March 31, As of December 31,
  2021 2020
Due from affiliates:    
Management fees receivable from non-consolidated funds $ 244,018  $ 308,581 
Incentive fee receivable from non-consolidated funds 17,214  21,495 
Payments made on behalf of and amounts due from non-consolidated funds and employees 74,218  75,811 
Due from affiliates—Company $ 335,450  $ 405,887 
Amounts due from portfolio companies and non-consolidated funds $ 16,240  $ 17,172 
Due from affiliates—Consolidated Funds $ 16,240  $ 17,172 
Due to affiliates:  
Management fee received in advance and rebates payable to non-consolidated funds $ 3,280  $ 4,808 
Tax receivable agreement liability 61,125  62,505 
Undistributed carried interest and incentive fees 7,933  27,322 
Payments made by non-consolidated funds on behalf of and payable by the Company 5,479  5,551 
Due to affiliates—Company $ 77,817  $ 100,186 
Amounts due to portfolio companies and non-consolidated funds $ 622  $ — 
Due to affiliates—Consolidated Funds $ 622  $  

Due from Ares Funds and Portfolio Companies
In the normal course of business, the Company pays certain expenses on behalf of Consolidated Funds and non-consolidated funds for which it is reimbursed. Amounts advanced on behalf of Consolidated Funds are eliminated in consolidation. Certain expenses initially paid by the Company, primarily professional services, travel and other costs associated with particular portfolio company holdings, are subject to reimbursement by the portfolio companies.

10. INCOME TAXES
The Company’s income tax provision includes corporate income taxes and other entity level income taxes, as well as income taxes incurred by certain affiliated funds that are consolidated in these financial statements. For the three months ended March 31, 2021,the Company recorded income tax expense of $25.8 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded income tax benefit of $20.6 million, respectively.
The Company’s effective income tax rate is dependent on many factors, including the estimated nature and amounts of income and expenses allocated to the non-controlling interests without being subject to federal, state and local income taxes at the corporate level. Additionally, the Company’s effective tax rate is influenced by the amount of income tax provision recorded for any affiliated funds and co-investment entities that are consolidated in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded its interim income tax provision utilizing the estimated annual effective tax rate.
The income tax effects of temporary differences give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are presented on a net basis. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a net deferred tax asset of $46.0 million and $70.0 million, respectively, within other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company files its tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax authorities. With limited exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax audits by taxing authorities for any years prior to 2017. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, the Company does not believe the outcome of any future audit will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.


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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


11. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by using the two-class method. Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed using the more dilutive method of either the two-class method or the treasury stock method.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the treasury stock method was the more dilutive method. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the two-class method was the more dilutive method.

The computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2021 excludes the following AOG Units, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the following options, restricted units and AOG Units represent the securities not included in the two-class method:

Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Options —  12,859,532 
Restricted units —  16,377,716 
AOG Units 112,353,043  116,328,089 
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock:
Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders $ 52,953  $ (36,461)
Distributions on unvested restricted units (3,255) (2,290)
Net income (loss) available to Class A common stockholders $ 49,698  $ (38,751)
Basic weighted-average shares of Class A common stock 149,271,822  118,366,539 
Basic earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock $ 0.33  $ (0.33)
Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock:
Net income (loss) available to Class A common stockholders $ 52,953  $ (36,461)
Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders $ 52,953  $ (36,461)
Effect of dilutive shares:
Restricted units 9,218,424  — 
Options 5,174,138  — 
Diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock 163,664,384  118,366,539 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock $ 0.32  $ (0.33)
Dividend declared and paid per Class A common stock $ 0.47  $ 0.40 

12. EQUITY COMPENSATION
Equity Incentive Plan
Equity-based compensation is granted under the Company's 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the "Equity Incentive Plan"). The total number of shares available to be issued under the Equity Incentive Plan resets based on a formula defined in the Equity Incentive Plan and may increase on January 1 of each year. On January 1, 2021, the total number of shares available for issuance under the Equity Incentive Plan reset to 44,510,451 shares, and as of March 31, 2021, 40,639,397 shares remain available for issuance.
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


Generally, unvested restricted units and options are forfeited upon termination of employment in accordance with the Equity Incentive Plan. The Company recognizes forfeitures as a reversal of previously recognized compensation expense in the period the forfeiture occurs.
Equity-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures, recorded by the Company is included in the following table:
Three months ended March 31,
  2021 2020
Restricted units $ 44,087  $ 28,381 
Restricted units with a market condition 11,562  4,133 
Options —  43 
Equity-based compensation expense $ 55,649  $ 32,557 
Restricted Units
Each restricted unit represents an unfunded, unsecured right of the holder to receive a share of the Company's Class A common stock on a specific date. The restricted units generally vest and are settled in shares of Class A common stock either (i) at a rate of one-third per year, beginning on the third anniversary of the grant date, (ii) in their entirety on the fifth anniversary of the grant date, (iii) at a rate of one quarter per year, beginning on the second anniversary of the grant date or the holder's employment commencement date, or (iv) at a rate of one third per year, beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date in each case generally subject to the holder’s continued employment as of the applicable vesting date (subject to accelerated vesting upon certain qualifying terminations of employment or retirement eligibility provisions). Compensation expense associated with restricted units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

Restricted units are delivered net of the holder's payroll related taxes upon vesting. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, 4.2 million restricted units vested and 2.4 million shares of Class A common stock were delivered to the holders. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, 4.6 million restricted units vested and 2.6 million shares of Class A common stock were delivered to the holders.

The holders of restricted units, other than awards that have not yet been issued as described in the subsequent sections, generally have the right to receive as current compensation an amount in cash equal to (i) the amount of any dividend paid with respect to a share of Class A common stock multiplied by (ii) the number of restricted units held at the time such dividends are declared (“Dividend Equivalent”). During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company declared dividends of $0.47 per share to Class A common stockholders at the close of business on March 17, 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, Dividend Equivalents were made to the holders of restricted units in the aggregate amount of $7.5 million, which are presented as dividends within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. When units are forfeited, the cumulative amount of Dividend Equivalents previously paid is reclassified to compensation and benefits expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the first quarter of 2021, in addition to grants awarded in 2021, the Company approved the future grant of restricted units to certain senior executives in each of 2022, 2023 and 2024, subject to the holder’s continued employment and acceleration in certain instances. The vesting period of these awards are at a rate of 25% per year, beginning on the second anniversary of the grant date. Given that these future restricted units have been communicated to the recipient, the Company accounts for these awards as if they have been granted and recognizes the compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the service period. The restricted units that have been approved and communicated but not yet granted are not eligible to receive a Dividend Equivalent until the grant date.

The following table presents unvested restricted units' activity:
  Restricted Units Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value Per Unit
Balance - January 1, 2021 16,299,664  $ 24.30 
Granted 9,012,823  45.63 
Vested (4,191,773) 21.85 
Forfeited (4,269) 50.75 
Balance - March 31, 2021 21,116,445  $ 33.80 
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The total compensation expense expected to be recognized in all future periods associated with the restricted units is approximately $593.8 million as of March 31, 2021 and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 4.3 years.

Performance-Based Restricted Unit Awards with a Market Condition
During the first quarter of 2021, the Company granted certain restricted units with a vesting condition contingent upon the volume-weighted, average closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock meeting or exceeding a stated price for 30 consecutive calendar days on or prior to January 22, 2029, referred to as the market condition. 537,500 restricted units with a market condition of $55.00 per share (“Tranche I”), 537,500 restricted units with a market condition of $60.00 per share (“Tranche II”), 537,500 restricted units with a market condition of $65.00 per share (“Tranche III”) and 537,500 restricted units with a market condition of $75.00 per share (“Tranche IV”) were granted. Vesting is also generally subject to continued employment at the time such market condition is achieved, subject to certain exceptions upon certain qualifying terminations of employment. Under the terms of the awards, if the target price of the applicable market condition is not achieved by the close of business on January 22, 2029, the unvested market condition awards will be automatically canceled and forfeited for no consideration. Restricted units subject to a market condition are not eligible to receive a Dividend Equivalent.
The grant date fair values for Tranche I, Tranche II, Tranche III and Tranche IV awards were $37.28, $34.47, $31.92 and $27.75 per unit, respectively, based on a probability distributed Monte-Carlo simulation. Due to the existence of the market condition, the vesting period for the awards is not explicit, and as such, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the median vesting period derived from the positive iterations of the Monte Carlo simulation where the market condition was achieved. The median vesting period is 0.7 years, 1.2 years, 1.6 years and 2.3 years for Tranche I, Tranche II, Tranche III and Tranche IV, respectively.

Below is a summary of the significant assumptions used to estimate the grant date fair value of market condition awards:

Closing price of the Company's common shares as of valuation date $45.76
Risk-free interest rate 0.88%
Volatility 35.0%
Dividend yield 3.5%
Cost of equity 10.0%

The following table presents the unvested market condition awards' activity:
  Market Condition Awards Units Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value Per Unit
Balance - January 1, 2021 —  $ — 
Granted 2,150,000  32.86 
Vested —  — 
Forfeited —  — 
Balance - March 31, 2021 2,150,000  $ 32.86 

The total compensation expense expected to be recognized in all future periods associated with the market condition awards is approximately $59.1 million as of March 31, 2021 and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 7.81 years.
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Options
A summary of options activity during the three months ended March 31, 2021 is presented below:
  Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average
Remaining Life
(in years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance - January 1, 2021 8,312,203  $ 18.99  3.4 $ 233,251 
Granted —  —  —  — 
Exercised —  —  —  — 
Expired —  —  —  — 
Forfeited —  —  —  — 
Balance - March 31, 2021 8,312,203  18.99  3.1 $ 307,895 
Exercisable at March 31, 2021 8,312,203  $ 18.99  3.1 $ 307,895 

13. EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE INTEREST
Common Stock

The Company's common stock consists of Class A, Class B, Class C and non-voting common stock, each $0.01 par value per share. The Class B common stock and Class C common stock are non-economic and holders are not entitled to dividends from the Company or to receive any assets of the Company in the event of any dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company. Ares Management GP LLC is the sole holder of the Class B common stock and Ares Voting LLC (“Ares Voting”) is the sole holder of the Class C common stock.
In February 2021, the Company's board of directors authorized the renewal of the stock repurchase program that allows for the repurchase of up to $150 million of shares of Class A common stock. Under the program, shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, including in reliance on Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Act. The program is scheduled to expire in February 2022. Repurchases under the program, if any, will depend on the prevailing market conditions and other factors. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not repurchase any shares as part of the stock repurchase program.

The following table presents the changes in each class of common stock:
Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Class C Common Stock Total
Balance - January 1, 2021 147,182,562  1,000  112,447,618  259,631,180 
Exchanges of AOG Units 283,724  —  (283,724) — 
Vesting of restricted stock awards, net of shares withheld for tax 2,374,692  —  —  2,374,692 
Balance - March 31, 2021 149,840,978  1,000  112,163,894  262,005,872 


The following table presents each partner's AOG Units and corresponding ownership interest in each of the Ares Operating Group entities, as well as its daily average ownership of AOG Units in each of the Ares Operating Group entities:

Daily Average Ownership
As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020 Three months ended March 31,
AOG Units Direct Ownership Interest AOG Units Direct Ownership Interest 2021 2020
Ares Management Corporation 149,840,978  57.19  % 147,182,562  56.69  % 57.06  % 50.43  %
Ares Owners Holding L.P. 112,163,894  42.81  112,447,618  43.31  42.94  49.57 
Total 262,004,872  100.00  % 259,630,180  100.00  %
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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Preferred Stock

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had 12,400,000 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. When, as and if declared by the Company’s board of directors, dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are payable quarterly at a rate per annum equal to 7.00%. The Series A Preferred Stock may be redeemed at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, at any time on or after June 30, 2021, at a price per share of $25.00.

Redeemable Interest

The following table summarizes the activities associated with the redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities:
Total
Balance - January 1, 2021 $ 100,366 
Net income 32 
Currency translation adjustment, net of tax (590)
Balance - March 31, 2021 $ 99,808 

The following table summarizes the activities associated with the redeemable interest in Consolidated Funds:
Total
Balance - January 1, 2021 $  
Redemption value 930,924 
Balance - March 31, 2021 $ 930,924 

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14. SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company operates through its distinct operating segments that are summarized below:
Credit Group: The Credit Group manages credit strategies across the liquid and illiquid spectrum, including syndicated loans, high yield bonds, multi-asset credit, alternative credit investments and direct lending. The syndicated loans strategy focuses on evaluating individual credit opportunities related primarily to non-investment grade senior secured loans and primarily targets first lien secured debt, with a secondary focus on second lien secured loans and subordinated and other unsecured loans. The high yield bond strategy seeks to deliver a diversified portfolio of liquid, traded non-investment grade corporate bonds, including secured, unsecured and subordinated debt instruments. Multi-asset credit is a “go anywhere” strategy designed to offer investors a flexible solution to global credit investing by allowing us to tactically allocate between multiple asset classes in various market conditions. The alternative credit strategy seeks to capitalize on asset-focused investment opportunities that fall outside of traditional, well-defined markets such as corporate debt, real estate and private equity. The alternative credit strategy emphasizes downside protection and capital preservation through a focus on investments that tend to share the following key attributes: asset security, covenants, structural protections and cash flow velocity. The direct lending strategy is one of the largest self-originating direct lenders to the U.S. and European markets and has a multi-channel origination strategy designed to address a broad set of investment opportunities in the middle market. The direct lending team maintains a flexible investment strategy with the capability to invest in first lien senior secured loans (including “unitranche” loans which are loans that combine senior and mezzanine debt, generally in a first lien position), second lien senior secured loans, subordinated debt, preferred equity and non-control equity co-investments in private middle market companies. U.S. direct lending activities are managed through a publicly traded business development company, ARCC, as well as through private commingled funds and SMAs.

Private Equity Group: The Private Equity Group manages investment strategies broadly categorizes its investment activities into three strategies: Corporate Private Equity, Special Opportunities and Infrastructure and Power. In the Corporate Private Equity strategy, the Company targets four principal transactions types: prudently leveraged control buyouts, growth equity, rescue/deleveraging capital and distressed buyouts/discounted debt accumulation together with the broad resources of potential investment opportunities. This flexible capital approach, together with the broad resources of the Ares platform, widens our universe of potential investment opportunities and allows us to remain active in different markets and to be highly selective in making investments across various market environments. In Special Opportunities strategy, the Company employs a flexible capital strategy to target non-control positions across a broad spectrum of stressed, distressed and opportunistic situations. The Infrastructure and Power strategy targets value-added approach that seeks to source and structure essential infrastructure assets with strong downside protection and potential for capital appreciation throughout the climate infrastructure, natural gas generation, and energy transportation sectors.

Real Estate Group: The Real Estate Group manages comprehensive real estate equity and debt strategies. Real Estate equity strategies focus on applying hands-on value creation initiatives to mismanaged and capital-starved assets, as well as new development, ultimately selling stabilized assets back into the market. The Real Estate Group manages both a value-add strategy and an opportunistic strategy. The value-add investment activities focus on the acquisition of underperforming, income-producing, institutional-quality assets that can be improved through select value-creation initiatives across the U.S. and Europe. The opportunistic strategy focuses on capitalizing on distressed and special situations, repositioning underperforming assets and undertaking select development and redevelopment projects across major properties in the U.S. and Europe. The Company’s debt strategies leverage the Real Estate Group’s diverse sources of capital to directly originate and invest in a wide range of financing opportunities in the U.S. In addition to managing private commingled funds and SMAs, the Real Estate Group makes debt investments through ACRE, a publicly traded commercial mortgage REIT.

Strategic Initiatives: The Company began reflecting the Strategic Initiatives category beginning in the third quarter of 2020. It represents an all other category that includes operating segments and strategic investments that seek to expand the Company’s reach and its scale in new and existing global markets including Ares SSG, Ares Insurance Solutions (“AIS”) and AAC.

The OMG consists of shared resource groups to support the Company’s operating segments by providing infrastructure and administrative support in the areas of accounting/finance, operations, information technology, strategy and relationship management, legal, compliance and human resources. Additionally, the OMG provides services to certain of the Company’s investment companies and partnerships, which reimburse the OMG for expenses equal to the costs of services provided. The OMG’s expenses are not allocated to the Company’s reportable segments but the Company does consider the cost structure of the OMG when evaluating its financial performance.
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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


Segment Profit Measures: These measures supplement and should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Fee related earnings (“FRE”) is used to assess core operating performance by determining whether recurring revenue, primarily consisting of management fees, is sufficient to cover operating expenses and to generate profits. FRE differs from income before taxes computed in accordance with GAAP as it excludes performance income, performance related compensation, investment income from the Consolidated Funds and non-consolidated funds and certain other items that the Company believes are not indicative of its core operating performance.
Realized income (“RI”) is an operating metric used by management to evaluate performance of the business based on operating performance and the contribution of each of the business segments to that performance, while removing the fluctuations of unrealized income and expenses, which may or may not be eventually realized at the levels presented and whose realizations depend more on future outcomes than current business operations. RI differs from income before taxes by excluding (a) operating results of the Consolidated Funds, (b) depreciation and amortization expense, (c) the effects of changes arising from corporate actions, (d) unrealized gains and losses related to performance income and investment performance and (e) certain other items that the Company believes are not indicative of operating performance. Changes arising from corporate actions include equity-based compensation expenses, the amortization of intangible assets, transaction costs associated with mergers, acquisitions and capital transactions, underwriting costs and expenses incurred in connection with corporate reorganization. Management believes RI is a more appropriate metric to evaluate the Company's current business operations.
Management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of the Company’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and other data that is presented before giving effect to the consolidation of any of the Consolidated Funds. Consequently, all segment data excludes the assets, liabilities and operating results related to the Consolidated Funds and non-consolidated funds.

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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The following tables present the financial results for the Company’s operating segments, as well as the OMG:
Three months ended March 31, 2021
Credit Group Private Equity Group Real
Estate Group
Strategic Initiatives
Total
Segments
OMG Total
Management fees $ 232,877  $ 49,331  $ 29,632  $ 15,623  $ 327,463  $ —  $ 327,463 
Other fees 5,969  108  648  79  6,804  —  6,804 
Compensation and benefits (80,365) (20,685) (15,941) (4,740) (121,731) (44,407) (166,138)
General, administrative and other expenses (10,809) (4,868) (3,295) (2,035) (21,007) (18,656) (39,663)
Fee related earnings 147,672  23,886  11,044  8,927  191,529  (63,063) 128,466 
Performance income—realized 3,816  71,218  1,947  —  76,981  —  76,981 
Performance related compensation—realized (2,893) (57,026) (1,177) —  (61,096) —  (61,096)
Realized net performance income 923  14,192  770  —  15,885  —  15,885 
Investment loss—realized —  (7,170) (222) —  (7,392) —  (7,392)
Interest and other investment income—realized 3,669  444  2,028  33  6,174  355  6,529 
Interest expense (1,515) (1,663) (1,125) (2,302) (6,605) (90) (6,695)
Realized net investment income (loss) 2,154  (8,389) 681  (2,269) (7,823) 265  (7,558)
Realized income $ 150,749  $ 29,689  $ 12,495  $ 6,658  $ 199,591  $ (62,798) $ 136,793 
Three months ended March 31, 2020
Credit Group Private Equity Group Real Estate Group
Strategic Initiatives
Total
Segments
OMG Total
Management fees $ 197,437  $ 52,157  $ 24,184  $ —  $ 273,778  $ —  $ 273,778 
Other fees 3,058  110  704  —  3,872  —  3,872 
Compensation and benefits
(70,925) (19,596) (12,413) —  (102,934) (36,426) (139,360)
General, administrative and other expenses (15,313) (5,633) (2,935) —  (23,881) (21,305) (45,186)
Fee related earnings 114,257  27,038  9,540    150,835  (57,731) 93,104 
Performance income—realized 9,016  116,154  26,600  —  151,770  —  151,770 
Performance related compensation—realized (7,899) (92,924) (17,170) —  (117,993) —  (117,993)
Realized net performance income 1,117  23,230  9,430  —  33,777  —  33,777 
Investment income (loss)—realized (843) 11,470  1,290  —  11,917  (5,698) 6,219 
Interest and other investment income—realized 4,575  812  796  —  6,183  168  6,351 
Interest expense (1,715) (1,643) (971) —  (4,329) (977) (5,306)
Realized net investment income (loss) 2,017  10,639  1,115  —  13,771  (6,507) 7,264 
Realized income $ 117,391  $ 60,907  $ 20,085  $   $ 198,383  $ (64,238) $ 134,145 
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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The following table presents the components of the Company’s operating segments’ revenue, expenses and realized net investment income:
Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Segment revenues
Management fees $ 327,463  $ 273,778 
Other fees 6,804  3,872 
Performance income—realized 76,981  151,770 
Total segment revenues $ 411,248  $ 429,420 
Segment expenses
Compensation and benefits $ 121,731  $ 102,934 
General, administrative and other expenses 21,007  23,881 
Performance related compensation—realized 61,096  117,993 
Total segment expenses $ 203,834  $ 244,808 
Segment realized net investment income (expense)
Investment income (loss)—realized $ (7,392) $ 11,917 
Interest and other investment income —realized 6,174  6,183 
Interest expense (6,605) (4,329)
Total segment realized net investment income (expense) $ (7,823) $ 13,771 

The following table reconciles the Company's consolidated revenues to segment revenue:
Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Total consolidated revenue $ 658,388  $ 13,409 
Performance (income) loss—unrealized (224,954) 387,657 
Management fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation 11,706  10,502 
Incentive fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation 1,525  (45)
Administrative, transaction and other fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation 4,145  3,317 
Administrative fees(1)
(9,808) (9,661)
Performance income (loss) reclass(2)
55  (1,717)
Principal investment (income) loss, net of eliminations (25,100) 26,723 
Net income of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries (4,709) (765)
Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items (247,140) 416,011 
Total segment revenue $ 411,248  $ 429,420 

(1)Represents administrative fees that are presented in administrative, transaction and other fees in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and are netted against the respective expenses for segment reporting.
(2)Related to performance income for AREA Sponsor Holdings LLC, an investment pool. Changes in value of this investment are reflected within net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The following table reconciles the Company's consolidated expenses to segment expenses:
Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Total consolidated expenses $ 525,109  $ 81,959 
Performance related compensation-unrealized (160,337) 285,892 
Expenses of Consolidated Funds added in consolidation (17,436) (17,899)
Expenses of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation 13,265  10,456 
Administrative fees(1)
(9,808) (9,661)
OMG expenses (63,063) (57,731)
Acquisition and merger-related expense (8,590) (3,115)
Equity compensation expense (55,649) (32,557)
Deferred placement fees (297) (5,415)
Depreciation and amortization expense (14,100) (5,542)
Expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries
(5,260) (1,579)
Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items (321,275) 162,849 
Total segment expenses $ 203,834  $ 244,808 

(1)Represents administrative fees that are presented in administrative, transaction and other fees in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and are netted against the respective expenses for segment reporting.


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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


The following table reconciles the Company's consolidated other income to segment realized net investment income:
Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Total consolidated other income (expense) $ 56,785  $ (227,863)
Investment (income) loss—unrealized (22,168) 105,594 
Interest and other investment (income) loss—unrealized 3,950  (4,961)
Other (income) loss from Consolidated Funds added in consolidation, net (67,316) 198,245 
Other expense from Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation, net (4,112) (3,819)
OMG other expense 333  1,141 
Performance (income) loss reclass(1)
(55) 1,717 
Principal investment income (loss) 25,095  (75,988)
Other (income) expense, net
(473) 22 
Other loss of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 138  19,683 
Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items (64,608) 241,634 
Total segment realized net investment income (expense) $ (7,823) $ 13,771 

(1)Related to performance income for AREA Sponsor Holdings LLC. Changes in value of this investment are reflected within net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.


The following table presents the reconciliation of income before taxes as reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations to segment results of RI and FRE:
Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Income (loss) before taxes $ 190,064  $ (296,413)
Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization expense 14,100  5,542 
Equity compensation expense 55,649  32,557 
Acquisition and merger-related expense 8,590  3,137 
Deferred placement fees 297  5,415 
OMG expense, net 63,396  58,872 
Other income, net
(473) — 
Net expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 689  20,497 
(Income) loss before taxes of non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations (49,886) 166,378 
Total performance (income) loss—unrealized (224,954) 387,657 
Total performance related compensation—unrealized 160,337  (285,892)
Total investment (income) loss—unrealized (18,218) 100,633 
Realized income 199,591  198,383 
Total performance income—realized (76,981) (151,770)
Total performance related compensation—realized 61,096  117,993 
Total investment income—realized 7,823  (13,771)
Fee related earnings $ 191,529  $ 150,835 

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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


15. CONSOLIDATION
Investments in Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company consolidates entities in which the Company has a variable interest and as the general partner or investment manager, has both the power to direct the most significant activities and a potentially significant economic interest. Investments in the consolidated VIEs are reported at fair value and represent the Company’s maximum exposure to loss.
Investments in Non-Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company holds interests in certain VIEs that are not consolidated as the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The Company's interest in such entities generally is in the form of direct equity interests, fixed fee arrangements or both. The maximum exposure to loss represents the potential loss of assets by the Company relating to these non-consolidated entities. Investments in the non-consolidated VIEs are carried at fair value.
The Company's interests in consolidated and non-consolidated VIEs, as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and its respective maximum exposure to loss relating to non-consolidated VIEs are as follows:

As of March 31, As of December 31,
2021 2020
Maximum exposure to loss attributable to the Company's investment in non-consolidated VIEs(1)
$ 199,819  $ 224,203 
Maximum exposure to loss attributable to the Company's investment in consolidated VIEs(1)
387,934  391,963 
Assets of consolidated VIEs 11,724,262  11,580,003 
Liabilities of consolidated VIEs 10,851,579  10,716,438 

(1)As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company's maximum exposure of loss for CLO securities was equal to the cumulative fair value of our capital interest in CLOs that are managed and totaled $106.6 million and $107.7 million, respectively.

Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests related to consolidated VIEs $ 27,816  $ (166,406)

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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


Consolidating Schedules
The following supplemental financial information illustrates the consolidating effects of the Consolidated Funds on the Company's financial condition, results from operations and cash flows:
  As of March 31, 2021
  Consolidated
Company 
Entities 
Consolidated
Funds 
Eliminations  Consolidated 
Assets        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 609,872  $ —  $ —  $ 609,872 
Investments (includes $1,369,684 of accrued carried interest)
2,323,728  —  (391,750) 1,931,978 
Due from affiliates 358,106  —  (22,656) 335,450 
Other assets 781,464  —  (1,523) 779,941 
Right-of-use operating lease assets 157,908  —  —  157,908 
Assets of Consolidated Funds
Cash and cash equivalents —  557,271  —  557,271 
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value —  1,000,040  —  1,000,040 
Investments, at fair value —  10,944,061  4,112  10,948,173 
Due from affiliates —  25,990  (9,750) 16,240 
Receivable for securities sold —  166,960  —  166,960 
Other assets —  32,096  —  32,096 
Total assets $ 4,231,078  $ 12,726,418  $ (421,567) $ 16,535,929 
Liabilities        
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 129,327  $ —  $ (9,749) $ 119,578 
Accrued compensation 89,791  —  —  89,791 
Due to affiliates 77,817  —  —  77,817 
Performance related compensation payable 968,582  —  —  968,582 
Debt obligations 811,279  —  —  811,279 
Operating lease liabilities 186,594  —  —  186,594 
Liabilities of Consolidated Funds
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities —  112,014  (13,541) 98,473 
Due to affiliates —  20,690  (20,068) 622 
Payable for securities purchased —  781,845  —  781,845 
CLO loan obligations, at fair value —  9,892,853  (53,214) 9,839,639 
Fund borrowings —  110,409  —  110,409 
Total liabilities 2,263,390  10,917,811  (96,572) 13,084,629 
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable interest in Consolidated Funds   930,924    930,924 
Redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities 99,808      99,808 
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds   877,683  (324,995) 552,688 
Non-controlling interest in Ares Operating Group entities 706,381      706,381 
Stockholders' Equity
Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized (12,400,000 shares issued and outstanding)
298,761  —  —  298,761 
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,500,000,000 shares authorized (149,840,978 shares issued and outstanding)
1,498  —  —  1,498 
Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized (1,000 shares issued and outstanding)
—  —  —  — 
Class C common stock, $0.01 par value, 499,999,000 shares authorized (112,163,894 shares issued and outstanding)
1,122  —  —  1,122 
Additional paid-in-capital 1,033,735  —  —  1,033,735 
Retained earnings (173,555) —  —  (173,555)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax (62) —  —  (62)
       Total stockholders' equity 1,161,499      1,161,499 
       Total equity 1,867,880  877,683  (324,995) 2,420,568 
Total liabilities, redeemable interest, non-controlling interests and equity $ 4,231,078  $ 12,726,418  $ (421,567) $ 16,535,929 
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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)



  As of December 31, 2020
  Consolidated
Company 
Entities 
Consolidated
Funds 
Eliminations Consolidated 
Assets        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 539,812  $ —  $ —  $ 539,812 
Investments (includes $1,145,853 of accrued carried interest)
2,064,517  —  (381,758) 1,682,759 
Due from affiliates 426,021  —  (20,134) 405,887 
Other assets 812,630  —  (211) 812,419 
Right-of-use operating lease assets 154,742  —  —  154,742 
Assets of Consolidated Funds
Cash and cash equivalents —  522,377  —  522,377 
Investments, at fair value —  10,873,522  3,575  10,877,097 
Due from affiliates —  27,377  (10,205) 17,172 
Receivable for securities sold —  121,225  121,225 
Other assets —  35,502  35,502 
Total assets $ 3,997,722  $ 11,580,003  $ (408,733) $ 15,168,992 
Liabilities        
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 125,494  $ —  $ (10,205) $ 115,289 
Accrued compensation 103,010  —  —  103,010 
Due to affiliates 100,186  —  —  100,186 
Performance related compensation payable 813,378  —  —  813,378 
Debt obligations 642,998  —  —  642,998 
Operating lease liabilities 180,236  —  —  180,236 
Liabilities of Consolidated Funds
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities —  46,824  —  46,824 
Due to affiliates —  16,770  (16,770) — 
Payable for securities purchased —  514,946  —  514,946 
CLO loan obligations —  10,015,989  (57,913) 9,958,076 
Fund borrowings —  121,909  —  121,909 
Total liabilities 1,965,302  10,716,438  (84,888) 12,596,852 
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities 100,366      100,366 
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds   863,565  (323,845) 539,720 
Non-controlling interest in Ares Operating Group entities 738,369      738,369 
Stockholders' Equity
Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized (12,400,000 shares issued and outstanding)
298,761  —  —  298,761 
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,500,000,000 shares authorized (147,182,562 shares issued and outstanding)
1,472  —  —  1,472 
Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized (1,000 shares issued and outstanding)
—  —  —  — 
Class C common stock, $0.01 par value, 499,999,000 shares authorized (112,447,618 share issued and outstanding)
1,124  —  —  1,124 
Additional paid-in-capital 1,043,669  —  —  1,043,669 
Retained earnings (151,824) —  —  (151,824)
   Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax 483  —  —  483 
       Total stockholders' equity 1,193,685      1,193,685 
       Total equity 1,932,054  863,565  (323,845) 2,471,774 
       Total liabilities, redeemable interest, non-controlling interests and equity $ 3,997,722  $ 11,580,003  $ (408,733) $ 15,168,992 


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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)



  Three months ended March 31, 2021
  Consolidated
Company 
Entities 
Consolidated
Funds 
Eliminations  Consolidated
Revenues        
Management fees $ 331,979  $ —  $ (11,706) $ 320,273 
Carried interest allocation 297,535  —  —  297,535 
Incentive fees 4,345  —  (1,525) 2,820 
Principal investment income 25,095  —  25,100 
Administrative, transaction and other fees 16,805  —  (4,145) 12,660 
Total revenues 675,759    (17,371) 658,388 
Expenses        
Compensation and benefits 231,850  —  —  231,850 
Performance related compensation 221,432  —  —  221,432 
General, administrative and other expense 67,656  —  —  67,656 
Expenses of the Consolidated Funds —  17,436  (13,265) 4,171 
Total expenses 520,938  17,436  (13,265) 525,109 
Other income (expense)        
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments (6,118) —  11,551  5,433 
Interest and dividend income 1,863  —  (903) 960 
Interest expense (6,695) —  —  (6,695)
Other expense, net (3,693) —  (456) (4,149)
Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of the Consolidated Funds —  26,468  (10,046) 16,422 
Interest and other income of the Consolidated Funds —  115,383  456  115,839 
Interest expense of the Consolidated Funds —  (74,535) 3,510  (71,025)
Total other income (expense) (14,643) 67,316  4,112  56,785 
Income before taxes 140,178  49,880  190,064 
Income tax expense 25,726  28  —  25,754 
Net income 114,452  49,852  6  164,310 
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds   49,852  6  49,858 
Net income attributable to Ares Operating Group entities 114,452      114,452 
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities 32  —  —  32 
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities 56,042  —  —  56,042 
Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation 58,378      58,378 
Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid 5,425      5,425 
Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders $ 52,953  $   $   $ 52,953 

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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


  Three months ended March 31, 2020
  Consolidated
Company 
Entities 
Consolidated
Funds 
Eliminations Consolidated 
Revenues        
Management fees $ 274,351  $ —  $ (10,502) $ 263,849 
Carried interest allocation (230,876) —  —  (230,876)
Incentive fees (3,294) —  45  (3,249)
Principal investment loss (75,988) —  49,265  (26,723)
Administrative, transaction and other fees 13,725  —  (3,317) 10,408 
Total revenues (22,082)   35,491  13,409 
Expenses
Compensation and benefits 180,084  —  —  180,084 
Performance related compensation (167,899) —  —  (167,899)
General, administrative and other expense 62,331  —  —  62,331 
Expenses of the Consolidated Funds —  17,899  (10,456) 7,443 
Total expenses 74,516  17,899  (10,456) 81,959 
Other income (expense)
Net realized and unrealized losses on investments (35,695) —  27,661  (8,034)
Interest and dividend income 2,602  —  (812) 1,790 
Interest expense (5,306) —  —  (5,306)
Other income, net 4,962  —  502  5,464 
Net realized and unrealized losses on investments of the Consolidated Funds —  (230,173) (24,588) (254,761)
Interest and other income of the Consolidated Funds —  113,225  —  113,225 
Interest expense of the Consolidated Funds —  (81,297) 1,056  (80,241)
Total other expense (33,437) (198,245) 3,819  (227,863)
Loss before taxes (130,035) (216,144) 49,766  (296,413)
Income tax expense (benefit) (20,644) 28  —  (20,616)
Net loss (109,391) (216,172) 49,766  (275,797)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds —  (216,172) 49,766  (166,406)
Net loss attributable to Ares Operating Group entities (109,391)     (109,391)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in in Ares Operating Group entities (78,355) —  —  (78,355)
Net loss attributable to Ares Management Corporation (31,036)     (31,036)
Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid 5,425      5,425 
Net loss attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders $ (36,461) $   $   $ (36,461)

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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


  Three months ended March 31, 2021
  Consolidated
Company 
Entities 
Consolidated
Funds
Eliminations Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net income $ 114,452  $ 49,852  $ 6  $ 164,310 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 34,292  —  9,992  44,284 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds —  (1,208,767) 587  (1,208,180)
Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities (11,336) —  4,292  (7,044)
Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds —  314,126  (48,614) 265,512 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 137,408  (844,789) (33,737) (741,118)
Cash flows from investing activities:  
Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of disposals (3,284) —  —  (3,284)
Net cash used in investing activities (3,284)     (3,284)
Cash flows from financing activities:  
Proceeds from Credit Facility 168,000  —  —  168,000 
Dividends and distributions  (141,768) —  —  (141,768)
Series A Preferred Stock dividends (5,425) —  —  (5,425)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards (84,590) —  —  (84,590)
Other financing activities 341  —  —  341 
Allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds:
Contributions from redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds —  955,083  (13,148) 941,935 
Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds —  (50,822) 11,993  (38,829)
Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds —  7,000  —  7,000 
Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds —  (29,453) —  (29,453)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (63,442) 881,808  (1,155) 817,211 
Effect of exchange rate changes (622) (2,127) —  (2,749)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 70,060  34,892  (34,892) 70,060 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 539,812  522,377  (522,377) 539,812 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 609,872  $ 557,269  $ (557,269) $ 609,872 


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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


  Three months ended March 31, 2020
  Consolidated
Company 
Entities 
Consolidated
Funds
Eliminations Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net loss $ (109,391) $ (216,172) $ 49,766  $ (275,797)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 190,761  —  (65,691) 125,070 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities allocable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds —  (478,695) 25,680  (453,015)
Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities 45,995  —  6,000  51,995 
Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities allocable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds —  99,272  89,238  188,510 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 127,365  (595,595) 104,993  (363,237)
Cash flows from investing activities:  
Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of disposals (3,062) —  —  (3,062)
Cash paid for asset acquisition (35,844) —  —  (35,844)
Net cash used in investing activities (38,906)     (38,906)
Cash flows from financing activities:  
Proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock 383,334  —  —  383,334 
Proceeds from Credit Facility 790,000  —  —  790,000 
Repayments of Credit Facility (60,000) —  —  (60,000)
Dividends and distributions  (106,838) —  —  (106,838)
Series A Preferred Stock dividends (5,425) —  —  (5,425)
Stock option exercises 19,551  —  —  19,551 
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards (73,500) —  —  (73,500)
Other financing activities (2,125) —  —  (2,125)
Allocable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds:  
Contributions from non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds —  148,270  (15,005) 133,265 
Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds —  (15,426) 1,934  (13,492)
Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds —  454,391  —  454,391 
Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds —  (73,609) —  (73,609)
Net cash provided by financing activities 944,997  513,626  (13,071) 1,445,552 
Effect of exchange rate changes (4,167) (9,953) —  (14,120)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 1,029,289  (91,922) 91,922  1,029,289 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 138,384  606,321  (606,321) 138,384 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 1,167,673  $ 514,399  $ (514,399) $ 1,167,673 

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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)


16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after March 31, 2021 through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. During this period, the Company had the following material subsequent events that require disclosure:
On April 5, 2021, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (“SMBC”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue and sell to SMBC approximately $250.0 million of the Company’s common stock (consisting of 3,489,911 shares of non-voting common stock and 1,234,200 shares of Class A common stock) at a price per share equal to the public offering price of Class A common stock being offered pursuant to the Offering (as defined below), less underwriting discounts and commissions (the “Private Placement”). The Private Placement closed on April 8, 2021 and resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $250.0 million before deducting offering expenses.

On April 6, 2021, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 10,925,000 shares of the Class A common stock (including 1,425,000 shares of Class A common stock sold pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase up to 1,425,000 additional shares of Class A common stock) (collectively, the “Offering”). The Offering closed on April 8, 2021 and resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $578.2 million before deducting offering expenses.

In April 2021, the Company's board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.47 per share of Class A common stock payable on June 30, 2021 to common stockholders of record at the close of business on June 16, 2021.

In April 2021, the Company's board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.4375 per share of Series A Preferred Stock payable on June 30, 2021 to preferred stockholders of record at the close of business on June 15, 2021.
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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Ares Management Corporation is a Delaware corporation. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “Ares,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” are intended to mean the business and operations of Ares Management Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The following discussion analyzes the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. “Consolidated Funds” refers collectively to certain Ares funds, co-investment entities, CLOs and special purpose acquisition companies that are required under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) to be consolidated in our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additional terms used by the Company are defined in the Glossary and throughout the Management's Discussion and Analysis in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Ares Management Corporation and the related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial statements and the related notes included in the 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Ares Management Corporation and the related notes.
Amounts and percentages presented throughout our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations may reflect rounded results in thousands (unless otherwise indicated) and consequently, totals may not appear to sum.

Trends Affecting Our Business
We believe that our disciplined investment philosophy across our distinct but complementary investment groups contributes to the stability of our performance throughout market cycles. As of March 31, 2021, approximately 67% of our AUM were in funds with a remaining contractual life of three years or more, approximately 73% of our AUM were in funds with an initial duration greater than seven years at time of closing and 89% of our management fees were derived from permanent capital vehicles, CLOs and closed end funds. Our funds have a stable base of committed capital enabling us to invest in assets with a long-term focus over different points in a market cycle and to take advantage of market volatility. However, our results of operations, including the fair value of our AUM, are affected by a variety of factors, particularly in the United States and Western Europe, including conditions in the global financial markets and the economic and political environments.

Performance across global capital markets during the quarter was dominated by progress in the vaccine rollout and accommodative monetary and fiscal support. Despite rate volatility and concerns for elevated inflation, U.S. leveraged credit markets responded favorably to improving economic growth trends and the rollout of additional economic stimulus in the U.S.

U.S. high yield bond spreads tightened into quarter-end as rising commodity prices, a wave of rating upgrades and expectations for strong corporate earnings provided a supportive tailwind to the asset class. Specifically, the ICE BAML High Yield Master II Index, a high yield bond index, returned 0.9% in the first quarter of 2021. Meanwhile, U.S. leveraged loans outperformed bonds, as demand for floating rate instruments increased amid rising rates and strong CLO origination. Specifically, the Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index (“CSLLI”), a leveraged loan index, returned 2.0% in the quarter.

European high yield and leveraged loan markets rallied alongside its U.S. counterparts, amid encouraging news surrounding the rollout of vaccines and an improving macroeconomic outlook. Slower than expected vaccine distribution due to production issues slightly weighed on performance in March; however, sentiment was bolstered heading into quarter-end by the European Central Bank’s commitment to increase the pace of its Pandemic Emergency Purchasing Program. The ICEBAML European Currency High Yield Index returned 1.5% in the first quarter of 2021, while the Credit Suisse Western European Leveraged Loan Index returned 1.7%.

Global equity markets also continued to recover from the lows of the COVID-19 pandemic. The S&P 500 Index and the MSCI All Country World ex USA Index had positive returns of 6.2% and 3.5%, respectively, for the quarter. Private equity market activity remained robust and has accelerated through the quarter, particularly for COVID-19-resilient businesses. Deal activity and valuations continued to rise and were higher in certain sectors, such as technology, amid an increasingly competitive market due to a variety of factors, including pent-up demand following the slowdown in 2020. In light of the highly competitive environment, we believe companies prefer to partner with sponsors who can help add value and navigate the challenging growth landscape.

With the European and U.S. economies continuing to recover over the quarter, real estate values have increased following declines caused by the onset of the global pandemic. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Europe and the FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs indices returned a negative 0.9% and 7.5%, respectively, for the quarter. Rents and occupancies for
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certain property types and geographies are still below where they were for the first quarter of 2020, though the outlook is improved with the acceleration of vaccinations and progress towards the broader reopening of economies.

Recent Transactions

On March 30, 2021, a subsidiary of Ares entered into a definitive agreement to acquire 100% of Landmark Partners, LLC (collectively with its subsidiaries, “Landmark”), a leading investment manager focused on the secondary markets. Landmark manages private equity, real estate and infrastructure secondaries funds totaling approximately $18.7 billion in AUM as of December 31, 2020.
In April 2021, Ares sold approximately $250.0 million of common stock, consisting of non-voting common stock and Class A common stock, to Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation in a private offering and approximately $578.2 million of Class A common stock in connection with a public offering.

On April 1, 2021, Ares and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a series of transactions that simplified the organizational structure, including merging Ares Offshore and Ares Investments with and into Ares Holdings, with Ares Holdings surviving. Accordingly, the separate existence of each of Ares Offshore and Ares Investments ceased. Prior to these series of transactions, Ares Offshore and Ares Investments were part of the Ares Operating Group. Following these series of transactions, Ares Holdings became the sole entity in the Ares Operating Group.

Managing Business Performance
Operating Metrics
We measure our business performance using certain operating metrics that are common to the alternative asset management industry, which are discussed below.
Assets Under Management
AUM refers to the assets we manage and is viewed as a metric to measure our investment and fundraising performance as it reflects assets generally at fair value plus available uncalled capital.
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The tables below present rollforwards of our total AUM by segment:
($ in millions) Credit
Group
Private Equity Group Real Estate
Group
Strategic Initiatives
Total AUM
Balance at 12/31/2020 $ 145,472  $ 27,439  $ 14,808  $ 9,261  $ 196,980 
Net new par/equity commitments(1)
4,519  (21) 730  700  5,928 
Net new debt commitments 2,543  —  1,880  —  4,423 
Capital reductions (545) (2) (232) —  (779)
Distributions (740) (634) (171) (131) (1,676)
Redemptions (536) —  —  —  (536)
Change in fund value 403  2,237  114  64  2,818 
Balance at 3/31/2021
$ 151,116  $ 29,019  $ 17,129  $ 9,894  $ 207,158 
Average AUM(2)
$ 148,296  $ 28,230  $ 15,970  $ 9,578  $ 202,074 
Credit
Group
Private Equity Group Real Estate
Group
Strategic Initiatives
Total AUM
Balance at 12/31/2019 $ 110,543  $ 25,166  $ 13,207  $   $ 148,916 
Acquisitions 2,693  —  —  —  2,693 
Net new par/equity commitments 2,036  364  1,560  —  3,960 
Net new debt commitments 2,219  —  226  —  2,445 
Capital reductions (47) (25) —  —  (72)
Distributions (632) (1,838) (643) —  (3,113)
Redemptions (464) —  —  —  (464)
Change in fund value (3,836) (1,652) (238) —  (5,726)
Balance at 3/31/2020
$ 112,512  $ 22,015  $ 14,112  $   $ 148,639 
Average AUM(2)
$ 111,528  $ 23,591  $ 13,660  $   $ 148,779 
(1) Reallocation of capital among the segments may occur for pools of capital with investment mandates in more than one investment strategy. This reallocation activity is presented within net new par/equity commitments and may result in balances presented to be negative.
(2) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances.

The components of our AUM are presented below as of ($ in billions):
ARES-20210331_G2.JPG ARES-20210331_G3.JPG
AUM: $207.2 AUM: $148.6

FPAUM AUM not yet paying fees
Non-fee paying(1)
General partner and affiliates


(1) Includes $9.1 billion and $8.0 billion of AUM of funds from which we indirectly earn management fees as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Please refer to “— Results of Operations by Segment” for a more detailed presentation of AUM by segment for each of the periods presented
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Fee Paying Assets Under Management
FPAUM refers to AUM from which we directly earn management fees and is equal to the sum of all the individual fee bases of our funds that directly contribute to our management fees.
The tables below present rollforwards of our total FPAUM by segment:
($ in millions) Credit
Group
Private Equity Group Real Estate Group
Strategic Initiatives
Total
FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 $ 88,017  $ 21,172  $ 10,252  $ 6,596  $ 126,037 
Commitments(1)
1,585  79  496  (231) 1,929 
Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage 4,539  592  337  538  6,006 
Capital reductions (837) —  (32) (1) (870)
Distributions (1,322) (576) (141) (256) (2,295)
Redemptions (646) —  —  —  (646)
Change in fund value 279  (1) (92) (20) 166 
Change in fee basis —  (2,739) —  —  (2,739)
FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021
$ 91,615  $ 18,527  $ 10,820  $ 6,626  $ 127,588 
Average FPAUM(2)
$ 89,817  $ 19,850  $ 10,537  $ 6,611  $ 126,815 
Credit
Group
Private Equity Group Real Estate Group
Strategic Initiatives
Total
FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 $ 71,880  $ 17,040  $ 7,963  $   $ 96,883 
Acquisitions 2,596  —  —  —  2,596 
Commitments 1,240  —  1,368  —  2,608 
Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage 4,563  352  480  —  5,395 
Capital reductions (101) —  (11) —  (112)
Distributions (1,031) (367) (226) —  (1,624)
Redemptions (481) —  —  —  (481)
Change in fund value (2,906) (5) (48) —  (2,959)
Change in fee basis —  —  (311) —  (311)
FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020
$ 75,760  $ 17,020  $ 9,215  $   $ 101,995 
Average FPAUM(2)
$ 73,821  $ 17,031  $ 8,590  $   $ 99,442 
(1) Reallocation of capital among the segments may occur for pools of capital with investment mandates in more than one investment strategy. This reallocation activity is presented within commitments and may result in balances presented to be negative.
(2) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances.

Please refer to “— Results of Operations by Segment” for detailed information by segment of the activity affecting total FPAUM for each of the periods presented.

54

The charts below present FPAUM by its fee basis ($ in billions):
ARES-20210331_G4.JPG ARES-20210331_G5.JPG
FPAUM: $127.6 FPAUM: $102.0

Invested capital/other(1)
Market value(2)
Collateral balances (at par) Capital commitments


(1)Other consists of ACRE's FPAUM, which is based on ACRE’s stockholders’ equity.
(2)Includes $24.8 billion and $20.5 billion from funds that primarily invest in illiquid strategies as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The underlying investments held in these funds are generally subject to less market volatility than investments held in liquid strategies.

Incentive Eligible Assets Under Management, Incentive Generating Assets Under Management and Available Capital

IEAUM generally represents the NAV plus uncalled equity or total assets plus uncalled debt, as applicable, of our funds from which we are entitled to receive performance income, excluding capital committed by us and our professionals (from which we do not earn performance income). With respect to ARCC's AUM, only ARCC Part II Fees may be generated from IEAUM.

IGAUM generally represents the AUM of our funds that are currently generating performance income on a realized or unrealized basis. It represents the basis on which we are entitled to receive performance income. The basis is typically the NAV or total assets of the fund, excluding amounts on which we do not earn performance income, such as capital committed by us and our professionals. ARCC is only included in IGAUM when ARCC Part II Fees are being generated.
The charts below present our IEAUM and IGAUM by segment ($ in billions):
ARES-20210331_G6.JPG
Credit Private Equity Real Estate
Strategic Initiatives
55

The charts below present our available capital and AUM not yet paying fees by segment ($ in billions):
ARES-20210331_G7.JPG ARES-20210331_G8.JPG
Credit Private Equity Real Estate
Strategic Initiatives

As of March 31, 2021, AUM not yet paying fees of $40.2 billion could generate approximately $423.1 million in potential incremental annual management fees, of which $395.7 million relates to $37.6 billion of AUM that is available for future deployment. As of March 31, 2020, AUM not yet paying fees of $23.1 billion could generate approximately $222.3 million in potential incremental annual management fees, of which $199.8 million relates to $21.0 billion of AUM that is available for future deployment.

Management Fees Fund Duration

We view the duration of funds we manage as a metric to measure the stability of our future management fees. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, 77% and 78%, respectively, of our segment management fees were attributable to funds with three or more years in duration. The charts below present the composition of our segment management fees by the initial fund duration:
ARES-20210331_G9.JPG      ARES-20210331_G10.JPG
Permanent Capital 10 or more years 7 to 9 years 3 to 6 years Fewer than 3 years
Differentiated Managed Accounts(1)
Managed Accounts

(1) Differentiated managed accounts have been managed by the Company for longer than three years, are investing in illiquid strategies or are co-investments structured to pay management fees.

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Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our investment funds considered to be “significant funds” is included throughout this discussion with analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. Our significant funds are commingled funds that contributed at least 1% of our total management fees or represented at least 1% of the Company’s total FPAUM for the past two consecutive quarterly periods. In addition to management fees, each of our significant funds may generate performance income upon the achievement of performance hurdles. The fund performance information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of our overall performance. An investment in Ares is not an investment in any of our funds. Past performance is not indicative of future results. As with any investment, there is always the potential for gains as well as the possibility of losses. There can be no assurance that any of these funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
We do not present fund performance metrics for significant funds with less than two years of investment performance from the date of the fund's first investment, except for those significant funds that pay management fees on invested capital, in which case investment performance will be presented on the earlier of (i) the one-year anniversary of the fund's first investment or (ii) such time that the fund has invested at least 50% of its capital.

To further facilitate an understanding of the impact a significant fund may have on our results, we present our drawdown funds as either funds harvesting investments or funds deploying capital to indicate the fund's stage in its life cycle. A fund harvesting investments indicates a fund is generally not seeking to deploy capital into new investment opportunities, while a fund deploying capital is generally seeking new investment opportunities.

Consolidation and Deconsolidation of Ares Funds
In February 2021, our first sponsored SPAC, Ares Acquisition Corporation (“AAC”), consummated its initial public offering that generated gross proceeds of $1.0 billion. Prior to the completion of a business combination, the sponsor, a wholly owned subsidiary, owns the majority of the Class B ordinary shares outstanding of AAC. We consolidate AAC under the voting interest model and reflect the results of the SPAC as a Consolidated Fund.

Consolidated Funds represented approximately 7% of our AUM as of March 31, 2021, 4% of our management fees and less than 1% of our carried interest and incentive fees for the three months ended March 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2021, we consolidated 21 CLOs, nine private funds and one SPAC, and as of March 31, 2020, we consolidated 21 CLOs and seven private funds.
The activity of the Consolidated Funds is reflected within the condensed consolidated financial statement line items indicated by reference thereto. The impact of the Consolidated Funds also typically will decrease management fees, carried interest allocation and incentive fees reported under GAAP to the extent these are eliminated upon consolidation.
The assets and liabilities of our Consolidated Funds are held within separate legal entities and, as a result, the liabilities of our Consolidated Funds are typically non-recourse to us. Generally, the consolidation of our Consolidated Funds has a significant gross-up effect on our assets, liabilities and cash flows but has no net effect on the net income attributable to us or our stockholders' equity. The net economic ownership interests of our Consolidated Funds, to which we have no economic rights, are reflected as redeemable and non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Funds in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Redeemable interest in Consolidated Funds represent the shares issued by AAC that are redeemable for cash by the public shareholders in connection with AAC’s failure to complete a business combination or tender offer associated with stockholder approval provisions.
We generally deconsolidate funds and CLOs when we are no longer deemed to have a controlling interest in the entity. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we did not deconsolidate any entities and during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we deconsolidated one entity as a result of liquidation/dissolution.
The performance of our Consolidated Funds is not necessarily consistent with, or representative of, the combined performance trends of all of our funds.
For the actual impact that consolidation had on our results and further discussion on consolidation and deconsolidation of funds, see “Note 15. Consolidation” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein.

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Results of Operations
Consolidated Results of Operations
We consolidate funds and entities where we are deemed to hold a controlling financial interest. The Consolidated Funds are not necessarily the same entities in each year presented due to changes in ownership, changes in limited partners' or investor rights, and the creation and termination of funds and entities. The consolidation of these funds and entities had no effect on net income attributable to us for the periods presented. As such, we separate the analysis of the Consolidated Funds and evaluate that activity in total. The following table and discussion sets forth information regarding our consolidated results of operations:

Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Revenues
Management fees $ 320,273  $ 263,849  $ 56,424  21  %
Carried interest allocation 297,535  (230,876) 528,411  NM
Incentive fees 2,820  (3,249) 6,069  NM
Principal investment income (loss) 25,100  (26,723) 51,823  NM
Administrative, transaction and other fees 12,660  10,408  2,252  22
Total revenues 658,388  13,409  644,979  NM
Expenses
Compensation and benefits 231,850  180,084  (51,766) (29)
Performance related compensation 221,432  (167,899) (389,331) NM
General, administrative and other expenses 67,656  62,331  (5,325) (9)
Expenses of Consolidated Funds 4,171  7,443  3,272  44
Total expenses 525,109  81,959  (443,150) NM
Other income (expense)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 5,433  (8,034) 13,467  NM
Interest and dividend income 960  1,790  (830) (46)
Interest expense (6,695) (5,306) (1,389) (26)
Other income (expense), net (4,149) 5,464  (9,613) NM
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds 16,422  (254,761) 271,183  NM
Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds 115,839  113,225  2,614  2
Interest expense of Consolidated Funds (71,025) (80,241) 9,216  11
Total other income (expense) 56,785  (227,863) 284,648  NM
Income (loss) before taxes 190,064  (296,413) 486,477  NM
Income tax expense (benefit) 25,754  (20,616) (46,370) NM
Net income (loss) 164,310  (275,797) 440,107  NM
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds 49,858  (166,406) 216,264  NM
Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Operating Group entities 114,452  (109,391) 223,843  NM
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities 32  —  32  NM
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities 56,042  (78,355) 134,397  NM
Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation 58,378  (31,036) 89,414  NM
Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid 5,425  5,425  — 
Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders $ 52,953  $ (36,461) 89,414  NM

NM - Not Meaningful

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 
Consolidated Results of Operations of the Company
Management Fees. Management fees increased by $56.4 million, or 21%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to the Credit Group, driven by higher FPAUM from capital deployments in direct lending funds. Management fees also increased by $17.5 million in connection with the acquisition of SSG (“SSG Acquisition”) that occurred in the third quarter of 2020 and by $1.7 million in connection with the acquisition of F&G Reinsurance Ltd (“F&G Re”) that occurred in the fourth quarter of 2020. For detail regarding the fluctuations of management fees within each of our segments see “—Results of Operations by Segment.”
Carried Interest Allocation. Carried interest allocation increased by $528.4 million to $297.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The activity was principally composed of the following:
($ in millions) Three months ended March 31, 2021 Primary Drivers Three months ended March 31, 2020 Primary Drivers
Credit funds $ 85.6 
Four direct lending funds and one alternative credit fund with $11.7 billion of IGAUM generating returns in excess of their hurdle rates, primarily consisting of: $15.5 million from Ares Private Credit Solutions, L.P. ("PCS"), $27.9 million from Ares Capital Europe IV, L.P. ("ACE IV") and $12.0 million from Ares Pathfinder Fund, L.P. (“Pathfinder”). The carried interest allocation generated by these funds was driven by net investment income on an increasing invested capital base. In addition, Ares Capital Europe III, L.P. ("ACE III") generated carried interest allocation of $9.5 million primarily driven by net investment income during the period.
$ (27.5) Four direct lending funds with $10.2 billion of IGAUM generating lower returns due to market volatility driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily from ACE III and Ares Private Credit Solutions, L.P. ("PCS") that led to the reversal of unrealized carried interest allocation of $7.8 million and $18.2 million during the period, respectively. Ares Capital Europe IV, L.P. ("ACE IV") generated $4.6 million of carried interest allocation during the period.
Private equity funds 188.8 
Ares Corporate Opportunities Fund IV, L.P. ("ACOF IV") generated carried interest allocation of $105.8 million primarily due to market appreciation of its investment in The AZEK Company (“AZEK”) following its initial public offering. In addition, market appreciation across several investments generated carried interest allocation of $43.3 million from Ares Special Opportunities Fund, L.P. (“ASOF”) and $18.4 million from our sixth flagship corporate private equity fund.
(194.4)
Market depreciation across several investments that led to the reversal of unrealized carried interest allocation of $49.0 million from Ares Corporate Opportunities Fund III, L.P. (“ACOF III”), $23.7 million from ACOF IV, $75.1 million from Ares Corporate Opportunities Fund V, L.P. (“ACOF V”) and $27.4 million from Ares Energy Opportunities Fund, L.P. ("AEOF"). The market depreciation was driven by the extreme market volatility from the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy market dislocation.
Real estate funds 22.8 
Market appreciation from properties within real estate equity funds, primarily driven by gains generated across several industrial and multi-family assets, generated carried interest allocation of $9.2 million from US Real Estate Fund IX, L.P. ("US IX") and $8.1 million from US Real Estate Fund VIII.
(9.0) Market depreciation from multiple properties within real estate equity funds that led to the reversal of unrealized carried interest allocation primarily from US IX and Ares European Real Estate Fund IV, L.P. ("EF IV") in the amount of $6.8 million and $9.0 million for the period, respectively, offset by gains generated in multiple funds from the monetization of a pan-European logistics portfolio.
Strategic initiatives funds 0.3  Market appreciation of investments in an Asian secured lending fund. —  No activity.
Carried interest allocation $ 297.5  $ (230.9)

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Incentive Fees. Incentive fees increased by $6.1 million to $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020: The activity was principally composed of the following:
($ in millions) Three months ended March 31, 2021 Primary Drivers Three months ended March 31, 2020 Primary Drivers
Credit funds $ 2.2  Two direct lending funds with incentive fees that crystallized during the period. $ (3.2) One-time reversal of incentive fees following management's decision to extend the measurement period after the fees were crystallized.
Real estate funds 0.7  Incentive fees generated from ACRE. —  No activity
Incentive fees $ 2.8  $ (3.2)


Principal Investment Income (Loss). Principal investment income (loss) increased by $51.8 million from a loss of $26.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to income of $25.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The activity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily driven by market appreciation of ACOF IV’s investment in AZEK and of various investments in ACOF III and our sixth flagship corporate private equity fund. The global equity and credit markets experienced significant downturns in the first quarter of 2020 due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and to the energy market dislocation, leading to a broad decrease in valuations in the prior year period.

    Administrative, Transaction and Other Fees. Administrative, transaction and other fees increased by $2.3 million, or 22%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase during the current year period was primarily driven by higher transaction fees for certain funds in our Credit Group that increased with originations.

Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits increased by $51.8 million, or 29%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase was primarily driven by headcount and merit increases, by higher incentive compensation attributable to improved operating performance and margin expansion from scaling our business,, and by equity compensation increases for the comparative period. Average headcount increased by 17% to 1,460 professionals for the first quarter of 2021 from 1,251 professionals for the same period in 2020.
Equity compensation expense increased by $23.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily due to additional performance-based restricted units granted to certain executive officers in the first quarter of 2021 and to the approval of awards to these executive officers, as well as to certain other senior leaders, that will be granted during the first quarter of 2022, 2023 and 2024. These awards increased expense by $18.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Additional expense was incurred from an increase in recurring, discretionary merit-based awards and units awarded as part of the annual bonus program by $6.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The three months ended March 31, 2020 included $3.7 million of accelerated expense from the vesting of restricted units granted to our Chief Executive Officer as a result of achieving one of the applicable performance conditions.

For detail regarding the fluctuations of compensation and benefits within each of our segments see “—Results of Operations by Segment."

Performance Related Compensation. Performance related compensation increased by $389.3 million to $221.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. Changes in performance related compensation are directly associated with the changes in carried interest allocation and incentive fees described above.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses increased by $5.3 million, or 9%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase was primarily driven by a net increase of $9.6 million in amortization expense incurred in 2021 when compared to 2020 related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with the SSG Acquisition during the second half of 2020 and by higher professional service fees of $5.5 million during the current year, largely as a result of due diligence and legal expenses related to certain strategic initiatives. Certain expenses have also increased during the current period, including occupancy costs to support our growing headcount and information services and information technology to support the expansion of our business. Collectively, these expenses increased by $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 when compared to the same period in 2020.
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The three months ended March 31, 2021 continued to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a decrease in certain operating expenses. During the first quarter of 2021, our operating expenses were impacted by limitations in certain business activities, most notably travel, entertainment and marketing sponsorships, and by certain office services and fringe benefits from the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses decreased by $8.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, when compared to the same period in 2020. While there have been positive developments that have resulted in a reduction in travel and gathering restrictions, the timing of recovery is uncertain. We anticipate that future periods will continue to be impacted similarly until we return to pre-pandemic working conditions. Those operating expenses that were impacted by the pandemic are expected to increase throughout the year, particularly with marketing sponsorships and events that have been postponed to future periods in 2021.
During the first quarter of 2020, we recorded $3.3 million in expenses associated with settling an SEC compliance matter that is not expected to recur.
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments. Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments increased by $13.5 million from a $8.0 million loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to a $5.4 million gain for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The activity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily attributable to unrealized gains on certain strategic initiative related investments and on our U.S. CLO investments. The activity in the prior year period was primarily attributable to losses from CLO investments due to market volatility driven by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $1.4 million, or 26%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The issuance of the 2030 Senior Notes late in the second quarter of 2020 increased interest expense by $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was partially offset by a lower average outstanding balance of the Credit Facility in the current year period compared to the prior year period.
Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net is principally composed of transaction gains (losses) associated with currency fluctuations for our businesses domiciled outside of the U.S. and is based on the fluctuations in currency exchange rates primarily among the U.S. dollar, the British pound and the Euro.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income tax expense (benefit) increased by $46.4 million from income tax benefit of $20.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to income tax expense of $25.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The change in the comparative period is primarily a result of an increases in income before taxes and weighted average daily ownership. The weighted average daily ownership for AMC common stockholders increased from 50.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to 57.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increases were primarily driven by the issuance of Class A common stock in connection with stock option exercises, vesting of restricted stock awards and the issuance of stock in connection with the SSG Acquisition that occurred after March 31, 2020.
Redeemable and Non-Controlling Interests. Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in AOG entities represents results attributable to the owners of AOG Units that are not held by AMC. In connection with the SSG Acquisition, the former owners of SSG retained an ownership interest in certain AOG entities that is reflected as redeemable interest in AOG entities. Net income attributable to redeemable interest in AOG entities is allocated based on the ownership percentage for periods presented.
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in AOG entities is generally allocated based on the weighted average daily ownership of the other AOG unitholders, except for income (loss) generated from certain joint venture partnerships. Net income (loss) is allocated to other strategic distribution partners with whom we have established joint ventures based on the respective ownership percentages and to Crestline Denali Class B membership interests based on the activity of those financial interests. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, net loss of $0.5 million and $19.6 million, respectively, was also allocated to the Crestline Denali Class B membership interests related to the losses from those CLO securities held.
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in AOG entities increased by $134.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The change in the comparative period is a result of the respective changes in income before taxes and weighted average daily ownership. While income before taxes increased, the weighted average daily ownership for the non-controlling AOG unitholders decreased from 49.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to 42.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
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Consolidated Results of Operations of the Consolidated Funds

The following table presents the results of operations of the Consolidated Funds:

  Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Expenses of the Consolidated Funds $ (4,171) $ (7,443) $ 3,272  44  %
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds 16,422  (254,761) 271,183  NM
Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds 115,839  113,225  2,614  2
Interest expense of Consolidated Funds (71,025) (80,241) 9,216  11
Income (loss) before taxes 57,065  (229,220) 286,285  NM
Income tax expense of Consolidated Funds (28) (28) — 
Net income (loss) 57,037  (229,248) 286,285  NM
Less: Revenues attributable to Ares Management Corporation eliminated upon consolidation 17,371  (35,491) 52,862  NM
Less: Other expense, net attributable to Ares Management Corporation eliminated upon consolidation (10,192) (27,351) 17,159  63
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds $ 49,858  $ (166,406) 216,264  NM

NM - Not Meaningful
The results of operations of the Consolidated Funds primarily represents activity from certain CLOs that we are deemed to control. Expenses primarily reflect professional fees that were incurred as a result of debt issuance costs related to the issuance of new, refinanced or restructured CLOs. These fees were expensed in the period incurred, as CLO debt is recorded at fair value on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, expenses were primarily driven by professional fees incurred from the restructure of the European CLOs legal entities. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, expenses were primarily driven by the issuance of one European CLOs. Net realized and unrealized gains fluctuated for the comparative period, primarily due to a significant change in the value of loans held by the CLOs. The CSLLI returned 2.0% for the first quarter of 2021 when compared to a negative 13.2% for the first quarter of 2020. The decrease in interest expense was attributable to the lower interest rates from newly issued and refinanced CLOs since the first quarter of 2020.

Revenues and other income (expense) attributable to AMC represents management fees, incentive fees, principal investment income and administrative, transaction and other fees that are eliminated from the respective components of AMC's results upon consolidation. The decrease for the comparative period for other income (expense), principal investment income and incentive fees was primarily due to the price fluctuations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic previously mentioned.

Segment Analysis
For segment reporting purposes, revenues and expenses are presented before giving effect to the results of our Consolidated Funds and the results attributable to non-controlling interests of joint ventures that we consolidate. As a result, segment revenues from management fees, performance income and investment income are different than those presented on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. Revenues recognized from Consolidated Funds are eliminated in consolidation and results attributable to the non-controlling interests of joint ventures have been excluded by us. Furthermore, expenses and the effects of other income (expense) are different than related amounts presented on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP due to the exclusion of the results of Consolidated Funds and the non-controlling interests of joint ventures.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use the following non-GAAP measures to making operating decisions, assess performance and allocate resources:
Fee Related Earnings (“FRE”)
Realized Income (“RI”)
These non-GAAP financial measures supplement and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of, the results of operations, which are discussed further under “—Components of Consolidated Results of Operations” and are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following table sets forth FRE and RI by reportable segment and OMG:
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  Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Fee Related Earnings:
Credit Group $ 147,672  $ 114,257  $ 33,415  29  %
Private Equity Group 23,886  27,038  (3,152) (12)
Real Estate Group 11,044  9,540  1,504  16 
Strategic Initiatives
8,927  —  8,927  NM
Operations Management Group (63,063) (57,731) (5,332) (9)
Fee Related Earnings $ 128,466  $ 93,104  35,362  38 
Realized Income:
Credit Group $ 150,749  $ 117,391  $ 33,358  28  %
Private Equity Group 29,689  60,907  (31,218) (51)
Real Estate Group 12,495  20,085  (7,590) (38)
Strategic Initiatives
6,658  —  6,658  NM
Operations Management Group (62,798) (64,238) 1,440 
Realized Income $ 136,793  $ 134,145  2,648 

NM - Not Meaningful

Income before provision for income taxes is the GAAP financial measure most comparable to RI and FRE. The following table presents the reconciliation of income before taxes as reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations to RI and FRE of the reportable segments and OMG:
Three months ended March 31,
($ in thousands) 2021 2020
Income (loss) before taxes $ 190,064  $ (296,413)
Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization expense 14,100  5,542 
Equity compensation expense 55,649  32,557 
Acquisition and merger-related expense 8,590  3,137 
Deferred placement fees 297  5,415 
Other income, net (473) — 
Net expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 689  20,497 
(Income) loss before taxes of non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations (49,886) 166,378 
Unconsolidated performance (income) loss—unrealized (224,954) 387,657 
Unconsolidated performance related compensation—unrealized 160,337  (285,892)
Unconsolidated net investment (income) loss—unrealized (17,620) 95,267 
Realized Income 136,793  134,145 
Unconsolidated performance income—realized (76,981) (151,770)
Unconsolidated performance related compensation—realized 61,096  117,993 
Unconsolidated investment (income) loss—realized 7,558  (7,264)
Fee Related Earnings $ 128,466  $ 93,104 

For the specific components and calculations of these non-GAAP measures, as well as a reconciliation of the reportable segments to the most comparable measures in accordance with GAAP, see “Note 14. Segment Reporting”, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Discussed below are our results of operations for our reportable segments and OMG.
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Results of Operations by Segment

Credit Group—Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Fee Related Earnings:
The following table presents the components of the Credit Group's FRE:

  Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Management fees $ 232,877  $ 197,437  $ 35,440  18  %
Other fees 5,969  3,058  2,911  95 
Compensation and benefits (80,365) (70,925) (9,440) (13)
General, administrative and other expenses (10,809) (15,313) 4,504  29 
Fee Related Earnings $ 147,672  $ 114,257  33,415  29 

Management Fees. The chart below presents Credit Group management fees and effective management fee rates:
ARES-20210331_G11.JPG
Management fees on existing direct lending funds increased primarily from deployment of capital, with ACE IV, PCS and Ares Senior Direct Lending Fund L.P. (“SDL”) collectively generating additional fees of $10.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. Management fees from ARCC increased $2.5 million from prior year primarily due to an increase in the average size of ARCC's portfolio. The remaining increase in management fees on funds in existence in both periods was primarily driven by deployment of capital in other direct lending funds and SMAs. Management fees from CLOs also increased from the prior year primarily due to the net addition of four CLOs and to $1.2 million of incremental fees associated with managing the seven collateral management contracts acquired from Crestline Denali for the full quarter in 2021. In addition, Part I Fees increased primarily due to an increase in pre-incentive fee net investment income generated by ARCC and CADC.

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The decrease in effective management fee rates for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily driven by the increase in fee paying AUM of U.S. CLOs that have fee rates below 0.50% and to deployment in certain alternative credit funds that have fee rates below 1.00%. The decrease was also driven by the decrease in Part I Fees' contribution to the effective management fee rate due to the proportional increase in fees from other credit funds.

Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits increased by $9.4 million, or 13%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase was primarily driven by higher incentive compensation attributable to improved operating performance and margin expansion from scaling our business, by headcount growth and by merit increases. Average headcount increased by 5% to 416 investment and investment support professionals for the first quarter of 2021 from 396 professionals for the same period in 2020 as we added additional investment professionals to support our growing U.S. and European direct lending platforms.

General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses decreased by $4.5 million, or 29%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The three months ended March 31, 2021 continued to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a decrease in certain operating expenses. During the first quarter of 2021, our operating expenses were impacted by limitations in certain business activities, most notably travel, entertainment and marketing sponsorships, and by certain office services and fringe benefits from the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses decreased by $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, when compared to the same period in 2020.
Realized Income:

The following table presents the components of the Credit Group's RI:
Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Fee Related Earnings $ 147,672  $ 114,257  $ 33,415  29  %
Performance income—realized 3,816  9,016  (5,200) (58)
Performance related compensation—realized (2,893) (7,899) 5,006  63
Realized net performance income 923  1,117  (194) (17)
Investment loss—realized —  (843) 843  100
Interest and other investment income—realized 3,669  4,575  (906) (20)
Interest expense (1,515) (1,715) 200  12
Realized net investment income 2,154  2,017  137  7
Realized Income $ 150,749  $ 117,391  33,358  28

NM - Not Meaningful
Realized net performance income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily attributable to incentive fees on two direct lending funds. Realized net performance income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to tax distributions on direct lending funds, partially offset by a one-time reversal of certain incentive fees that were recognized in 2019.
Realized net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was primarily attributable to interest income generated from our CLO investments. Realized net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 also included a term loan investment that generated interest income, partially offset by a realized loss of $1.0 million from the write down of an investment in a U.S. CLO.
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Credit Group— Carried Interest and Incentive Fees

The following table presents the accrued carried interest and incentive fees receivable, also referred to as accrued performance income, and related performance compensation for the Credit Group:
As of March 31, 2021
As of December 31, 2020
($ in thousands) Accrued Performance Income Accrued Performance Compensation Accrued Net Performance Income Accrued Performance Income Accrued Performance Compensation Accrued Net Performance Income
Accrued Carried Interest
ACE III $ 87,446  $ 52,468  $ 34,978  $ 77,959  $ 46,776  $ 31,183 
ACE IV 121,369  75,249  46,120  93,462  57,946  35,516 
PCS 117,424  69,401  48,023  101,656  60,084  41,572 
Other credit funds 131,396  84,452  46,944  100,238  61,898  38,340 
Total accrued carried interest 457,635  281,570  176,065  373,315  226,704  146,611 
Incentive fees 24,083  15,059  9,024  31,653  18,601  13,052 
Total Credit Group $ 481,718  $ 296,629  $ 185,089  $ 404,968  $ 245,305  $ 159,663 


The following table presents the change in accrued carried interest during the period for the Credit Group:
  As of December 31, 2020 Activity during the period As of March 31, 2021
($ in thousands) Fee Type Accrued Carried Interest Change in Unrealized Realized Foreign Exchange and Other Adjustments Accrued Carried Interest
ACE III European $ 77,959  $ 9,487  $ —  $ —  $ 87,446 
ACE IV European 93,462  27,907  —  —  121,369 
PCS European 101,656  15,528  —  240  117,424 
Other credit funds European 99,980  32,720  (137) (1,422) 131,141 
Other credit funds American 258  (3) —  —  255 
Total Credit Group $ 373,315  $ 85,639  $ (137) $ (1,182) $ 457,635 

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Credit Group—Assets Under Management
The tables below present rollforwards of AUM for the Credit Group:
($ in millions) Syndicated Loans High
Yield
Multi-Asset Credit Alternative Credit U.S. Direct Lending European Direct Lending Total Credit Group
Balance at 12/31/2020 $ 27,967  $ 2,863  $ 2,953  $ 12,897  $ 56,516  $ 42,276  $ 145,472 
Net new par/equity commitments 115  101  393  1,230  1,067  1,613  4,519 
Net new debt commitments 722  —  —  —  1,821  —  2,543 
Capital reductions (59) —  —  —  (451) (35) (545)
Distributions (39) —  (3) (97) (339) (262) (740)
Redemptions (89) (82) (78) (235) (41) (11) (536)
Change in fund value (175) 45  67  148  778  (460) 403 
Balance at 3/31/2021 $ 28,442  $ 2,927  $ 3,332  $ 13,943  $ 59,351  $ 43,121  $ 151,116 
Average AUM(1)
$ 28,205  $ 2,895  $ 3,143  $ 13,420  $ 57,934  $ 42,699  $ 148,296 
Syndicated Loans High
Yield
Multi-Asset Credit Alternative Credit U.S. Direct Lending European Direct Lending Total Credit Group
Balance at 12/31/2019 $ 22,320  $ 3,492  $ 2,611  $ 7,571  $ 48,431  $ 26,118  $ 110,543 
Acquisitions 2,693  —  —  —  —  —  $ 2,693 
Net new par/equity commitments 103  22  929  880  96  2,036 
Net new debt commitments 255  —  —  —  1,407  557  2,219 
Capital reductions (6) —  —  —  (28) (13) (47)
Distributions (15) —  (2) (94) (349) (172) (632)
Redemptions (124) (267) (37) (18) (18) —  (464)
Change in fund value (558) (411) (353) (905) (1,086) (523) (3,836)
Balance at 3/31/2020 $ 24,668  $ 2,836  $ 2,225  $ 7,483  $ 49,237  $ 26,063  $ 112,512 
Average AUM(1)
$ 23,494  $ 3,164  $ 2,418  $ 7,527  $ 48,834  $ 26,091  $ 111,528 
(1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances.

The components of our AUM for the Credit Group are presented below ($ in billions):
ARES-20210331_G12.JPG      ARES-20210331_G13.JPG
AUM: $151.1 AUM: $112.5

FPAUM AUM not yet paying fees
Non-fee paying(1)
General partner and affiliates


(1) Includes $9.1 billion and $8.0 billion of AUM of funds from which we indirectly earn management fees as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.



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Credit Group—Fee Paying AUM

The tables below present rollforwards of fee paying AUM for the Credit Group:
($ in millions) Syndicated Loans High
Yield
Multi-Asset Credit Alternative Credit U.S. Direct Lending European Direct Lending Total Credit Group
FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 $ 27,171  $ 2,861  $ 2,457  $ 6,331  $ 32,337  $ 16,860  $ 88,017 
Commitments 138  101  415  481  450  —  1,585 
Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage —  —  —  618  902  3,019  4,539 
Capital reductions (59) —  (18) —  (725) (35) (837)
Distributions (10) —  (7) (102) (1,054) (149) (1,322)
Redemptions (88) (82) (78) (235) (32) (131) (646)
Change in fund value (352) 45  64  (49) 423  148  279 
FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 $ 26,800  $ 2,925  $ 2,833  $ 7,044  $ 32,301  $ 19,712  $ 91,615 
Average FPAUM(1)
$ 26,986  $ 2,893  $ 2,645  $ 6,688  $ 32,319  $ 18,286  $ 89,817 
Syndicated Loans High
Yield
Multi-Asset Credit Alternative Credit U.S. Direct Lending European Direct Lending Total Credit Group
FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 $ 21,458  $ 3,495  $ 2,144  $ 4,340  $ 27,876  $ 12,567  $ 71,880 
Acquisitions 2,596  —  —  —  —  —  2,596 
Commitments 802  22  335  75  —  1,240 
Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage —  —  212  2,490  1,852  4,563 
Capital reductions (25) —  (59) —  (2) (15) (101)
Distributions (15) —  (11) (127) (816) (62) (1,031)
Redemptions (124) (267) (33) (18) (18) (21) (481)
Change in fund value (568) (411) (343) (571) (797) (216) (2,906)
FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 $ 24,124  $ 2,839  $ 1,713  $ 4,171  $ 28,808  $ 14,105  $ 75,760 
Average FPAUM(1)
$ 22,791  $ 3,167  $ 1,929  $ 4,256  $ 28,342  $ 13,336  $ 73,821 
(1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances.

The charts below present FPAUM for the Credit Group by its fee basis ($ in billions):
ARES-20210331_G14.JPG      ARES-20210331_G15.JPG
FPAUM: $91.6 FPAUM: $75.8

Invested capital
Market value(1)
Collateral balances (at par)


(1)Includes $20.9 billion and $19.0 billion from funds that primarily invest in illiquid strategies as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The underlying investments held in these funds are generally subject to less market volatility than investments held in liquid strategies.


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Credit Group—Fund Performance Metrics as of March 31, 2021
ARCC contributed approximately 45% of the Credit Group’s total management fees for the three months ended March 31, 2021. In addition, five other significant funds, ACE III, ACE IV, Ares Secured Income Master Fund L.P. (“ASIF”), PCS and SDL, collectively contributed approximately 19% of the Credit Group’s management fees for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

    The following table presents the performance data for our significant funds that are not drawdown funds in the Credit Group as of March 31, 2021:
     
Returns(%)(1)
 
($ in millions) Year of Inception AUM Year-To-Date
Since Inception(2)
Primary
Investment Strategy
Fund Gross Net Gross Net
ARCC(3)
2004 $ 20,687  N/A 5.2  N/A 11.7  U.S. Direct Lending
ASIF(4)
2018 1,237  1.2  1.0  3.2  2.6  Alternative Credit

(1)Returns are time-weighted rates of return and include the reinvestment of income and other earnings from securities or other investments and reflect the deduction of all trading expenses.
(2)Since inception returns are annualized.
(3)Net returns are calculated using the fund's NAV and assume dividends are reinvested at the closest quarter-end NAV to the relevant quarterly ex-dividend dates. Additional information related to ARCC can be found in its financial statements filed with the SEC, which are not part of this report.
(4)Gross returns do not reflect the deduction of management fees or other expenses. Net returns are calculated by subtracting the applicable management fees and other expenses from the gross returns on a monthly basis. ASIF is a master/feeder structure and its AUM and returns include activity from its' investment in an affiliated Ares fund. Returns presented in the table are expressed in U.S. Dollars and are for the master fund, excluding the share class hedges. The quarter, year-to-date, and since inception returns (gross / net) for the pound sterling hedged Cayman feeder, the fund's sole feeder, are as follows: 1.8% / 1.7%, 1.8% / 1.7%, 1.9% / 1.3%, respectively.


The following table presents the performance data of our significant drawdown funds as of March 31, 2021:
($ in millions) Year of Inception AUM Original Capital Commitments Capital Invested to Date
Realized Value(1)
Unrealized Value(2)
Total Value MoIC IRR(%) Primary Investment Strategy
Fund
Gross(3)
Net(4)
Gross(5)
Net(6)
Funds Harvesting Investments
ACE III(7)
2015 $ 5,175  $ 2,822  $ 2,563  $ 751  $ 2,634  $ 3,385  1.4x 1.3x 11.5  8.2  European Direct Lending
Funds Deploying Capital
PCS 2017 3,957  3,365  2,381  862  2,118  2,980  1.3x 1.2x 13.1  9.3  U.S. Direct Lending
ACE IV Unlevered(8)
2018 10,766  2,851  2,345  162  2,411  2,573  1.1x 1.1x 9.0  6.3  European Direct Lending
ACE IV Levered(8)
4,819  3,897  373  4,114  4,487  1.2x 1.1x 13.2  9.5 
SDL Unlevered 2018 5,154  922  602  101  548  649  1.1x 1.1x 9.8  7.2  U.S. Direct Lending
SDL Levered 2,045  1,336  320  1,210  1,530  1.2x 1.1x 19.0  13.7 

(1)Realized value represents the sum of all cash distributions to all partners and if applicable, exclude tax and incentive distributions made to the general partner.
(2)Unrealized value represents the fund's NAV reduced by the accrued incentive allocation, if applicable. There can be no assurance that unrealized values will be realized at the valuations indicated.
(3)The gross multiple of invested capital (“MoIC”) is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The gross MoIC is before giving effect to management fees, carried interest and other expenses, as applicable, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The gross MoIC would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facilities.
(4)The net MoIC is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes those interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The net MoIC is after giving effect to management fees and carried interest, other expenses and credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The net MoIC would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(5)The gross IRR is an annualized since inception gross internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Gross IRR reflects returns to the fee-paying limited partners and, if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the gross IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The gross IRRs are calculated before giving effect to management fees, carried interest and other expenses, as applicable, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Gross fund-level IRRs would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(6)The net IRR is an annualized since inception net internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Net IRRs reflect returns to the fee-paying limited partners and, if applicable, exclude interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the net IRR calculations are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The net IRRs are calculated after giving effect to management fees and carried interest, other expenses and credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Net fund-level IRRs would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
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(7)ACE III is made up of two feeder funds, one denominated in U.S. dollars and one denominated in Euros. The gross and net IRR and MoIC presented in the table are for the Euro denominated feeder fund. The gross and net IRR for the U.S. dollar denominated feeder fund are 12.8% and 9.3%, respectively. The gross and net MoIC for the U.S. dollar denominated feeder fund are 1.5x and 1.4x, respectively. Original capital commitments are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate at the time of the fund's closing. All other values for ACE III are for the combined fund and are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing quarter-end exchange rate.
(8)ACE IV is made up of four parallel funds, two denominated in Euros and two denominated in pound sterling: ACE IV (E) Unlevered, ACE IV (G) Unlevered, ACE IV (E) Levered and ACE IV (G) Levered. The gross and net IRR and MoIC presented in the table are for ACE IV (E) Unlevered and ACE IV (E) Levered. Metrics for ACE IV (E) Levered are inclusive of a U.S. dollar denominated feeder fund, which has not been presented separately The gross and net IRR for ACE IV (G) Unlevered are 11.0% and 7.7%, respectively. The gross and net MoIC for ACE IV (G) Unlevered are 1.2x and 1.1x, respectively. The gross and net IRR for ACE IV (G) Levered are 15.2% and 10.8%, respectively. The gross and net MoIC for ACE IV (G) Levered are 1.2x and 1.2x, respectively. Original capital commitments are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate at the time of the fund's closing. All other values for ACE IV Unlevered and ACE IV Levered are for the combined levered and unlevered parallel funds and are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing quarter-end exchange rate.


Private Equity Group—Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Fee Related Earnings:
The following table presents the components of the Private Equity Group's FRE:

Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Management fees $ 49,331  $ 52,157  $ (2,826) (5) %
Other fees 108  110  (2) (2)
Compensation and benefits (20,685) (19,596) (1,089) (6)
General, administrative and other expenses (4,868) (5,633) 765  14 
Fee Related Earnings $ 23,886  $ 27,038  (3,152) (12)

Management Fees. The chart below presents Private Equity Group management fees and effective management fee rates:
ARES-20210331_G16.JPG
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Management fees decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily due to the step down in fee rate and change in fee base for ACOF V as a result of our sixth flagship corporate private equity fund paying fees beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020. Fees from ACOF V decreased by $18.0 million compared to the prior year period, partially offset by $12.1 million of fees from our sixth flagship corporate private equity fund in the current year period. The decrease in management fees was also partially offset by an increase in fees of $5.5 million from ASOF that was driven by increased deployment.
The decrease in effective management fee rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily driven by the step down in fee rate to 0.75% for ACOF V, partially offset by increased deployment in ASOF that has a higher fee rate than the average effective management fee rate.
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits increased by $1.1 million, or 6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The activity was primarily driven by headcount growth as we hired professionals to support the expansion of our global presence, such as our growing corporate private equity and special opportunities platforms. Average headcount increased by 8% to 143 investment and investment support professionals for the first quarter of 2021 from 133 professionals for the same period in 2020.

General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses decreased by $0.8 million, or 14%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The three months ended March 31, 2021 continued to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a decrease in certain operating expenses. During the first quarter of 2021, our operating expenses were impacted by limitations in certain business activities, most notably travel, entertainment and marketing sponsorships, and by certain office services and fringe benefits from the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses decreased by $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, when compared to the same period in 2020.

Conversely, in connection with our fundraising efforts and the addition of investment professionals, placement fees increased by $1.0 million primarily associated with new commitments to ASOF and our sixth flagship corporate private equity fund, and recruiting fees increased to support the expanding platform.
Realized Income:
The following table presents the components of the Private Equity Group's RI:
Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Fee Related Earnings $ 23,886  $ 27,038  $ (3,152) (12) %
Performance income-—realized 71,218  116,154  (44,936) (39)
Performance related compensation—realized (57,026) (92,924) 35,898  39
Realized net performance income 14,192  23,230  (9,038) (39)
Investment income (loss)—realized (7,170) 11,470  (18,640) NM
Interest and other investment income—realized 444  812  (368) (45)
Interest expense (1,663) (1,643) (20) (1)
Realized net investment income (loss) (8,389) 10,639  (19,028) NM
Realized Income $ 29,689  $ 60,907  (31,218) (51)

    Realized net performance income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were primarily attributable to realizations from a partial sale of ACOF IV's position in AZEK. Realized net investment income was driven by realized losses recognized in connection with an Asian corporate private equity fund’s sale of its investment in a dairy farm company, partially offset by realizations from a partial sale of ACOF IV’s position in AZEK.
Realized net performance income and realized net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were primarily attributable to realizations from the monetization of ACOF IV's investment in National Veterinary Associates following the sale of the company during the period.
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Private Equity Group—Carried Interest
The following table presents the accrued carried interest, also referred to as accrued performance income, and related performance compensation for the Private Equity Group:
  As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
($ in thousands) Accrued Performance Income Accrued Performance Compensation Accrued Net Performance Income Accrued Performance Income Accrued Performance Compensation Accrued Net Performance Income
ACOF III $ 63,609  $ 50,888  $ 12,721  $ 55,022  $ 44,018  $ 11,004 
ACOF IV 386,377  309,102  77,275  345,748  276,598  69,150 
Sixth flagship corporate private equity fund 21,057  16,845  4,212  2,624  2,099  525 
ASOF 156,627  109,639  46,988  113,313  79,319  33,994 
EIF V 59,277  44,310  14,967  54,086  40,429  13,657 
Other funds 1,652  1,652  —  175  175  — 
Total Private Equity Group $ 688,599  $ 532,436  $ 156,163  $ 570,968  $ 442,638  $ 128,330 

The following table presents the change in accrued performance income during the period for the Private Equity Group:
  As of December 31, 2020 Activity during the period As of March 31, 2021
($ in thousands) Fee Type Accrued Performance Income Change in Unrealized Realized Accrued Performance Income
ACOF III American $ 55,022  $ 14,613  $ (6,026) $ 63,609 
ACOF IV American 345,748  105,821  (65,192) 386,377 
Sixth flagship corporate private equity fund American 2,624  18,433  —  21,057 
ASOF European 113,313  43,314  —  156,627 
EIF V European 54,086  5,191  —  59,277 
Other funds American 175  1,477  —  1,652 
Total Private Equity Group $ 570,968  $ 188,849  $ (71,218) $ 688,599 

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Private Equity Group—Assets Under Management
The tables below present rollforwards of AUM for the Private Equity Group:
($ in millions) Corporate Private Equity Infrastructure & Power Special Opportunities Total Private Equity Group
Balance at 12/31/2020 $ 18,233  $ 3,485  $ 5,721  $ 27,439 
Net new par/equity commitments 29  —  (50) (21)
Capital reductions (2) —  —  (2)
Distributions (582) (52) —  (634)
Change in fund value 1,705  213  319  2,237 
Balance at 3/31/2021 $ 19,383  $ 3,646  $ 5,990  $ 29,019 
Average AUM(1)
$ 18,808  $ 3,566  $ 5,856  $ 28,230 
Corporate Private Equity Infrastructure & Power Special Opportunities Total Private Equity Group
Balance at 12/31/2019 $ 18,406  $ 3,233  $ 3,527  $ 25,166 
Net new par/equity commitments —  —  364  364 
Capital reductions —  —  (25) (25)
Distributions (1,836) —  (2) (1,838)
Change in fund value (1,499) (6) (147) (1,652)
Balance at 3/31/2020 $ 15,071  $ 3,227  $ 3,717  $ 22,015 
Average AUM(1)
$ 16,739  $ 3,230  $ 3,622  $ 23,591 
(1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances.

The components of our AUM for the Private Equity Group are presented below ($ in billions):
ARES-20210331_G17.JPG      ARES-20210331_G18.JPG
AUM: $29.0 AUM: $22.0

FPAUM AUM not yet paying fees Non fee paying General partner and affiliates

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Private Equity Group—Fee Paying AUM
The tables below present rollforwards of fee paying AUM for the Private Equity Group:
($ in millions) Corporate Private Equity Infrastructure
& Power
Special Opportunities Total Private Equity Group
FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 $ 14,770  $ 3,679  $ 2,723  $ 21,172 
Commitments 79  —  —  79 
Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage 108  —  484  592 
Distributions (410) —  (166) (576)
Change in fund value (1) —  —  (1)
Change in fee basis (2,739) —  —  (2,739)
FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 $ 11,807  $ 3,679  $ 3,041  $ 18,527 
Average FPAUM(1)
$ 13,289  $ 3,679  $ 2,882  $ 19,850 
Corporate Private Equity Infrastructure
& Power
Special Opportunities Total Private Equity Group
FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 $ 11,968  $ 3,352  $ 1,720  $ 17,040 
Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage 19  —  333  352 
Distributions (229) —  (138) (367)
Change in fund value (5) —  —  (5)
FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 $ 11,753  $ 3,352  $ 1,915  $ 17,020 
Average FPAUM(1)
$ 11,861  $ 3,352  $ 1,818  $ 17,031 
(1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances.

The charts below present FPAUM for the Private Equity Group by its fee basis ($ in billions):
ARES-20210331_G19.JPG      ARES-20210331_G20.JPG     
FPAUM: $18.6 FPAUM: $17.0

Invested capital Capital commitments

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Private Equity Group—Fund Performance Metrics as of March 31, 2021
    Six significant funds, U.S. Power Fund IV (“USPF IV”), ACOF IV, ACOF V, AEOF, ASOF and our sixth flagship corporate private equity fund, collectively contributed approximately 80% of the Private Equity Group’s management fees for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
The following table presents the performance data as of March 31, 2021 for our significant funds in the Private Equity Group, all of which are drawdown funds:
($ in millions) Year of Inception AUM Original Capital Commitments Capital Invested to Date
Realized Value(1)
Unrealized Value(2)
Total Value MoIC IRR(%) Primary Investment Strategy
Fund
Gross(3)
Net(4)
Gross(5)
Net(6)
Funds Harvesting Investments
USPF IV 2010 $ 1,230  $ 1,688  $ 2,121  $ 1,403  $ 1,220  $ 2,623  1.2x 1.1x 5.4 1.7 Infrastructure and Power
ACOF IV 2012 4,107  4,700  4,251  6,635  3,401  10,036  2.4x 2.0x 21.7 15.4 Corporate Private Equity
Funds Deploying Capital
ACOF V 2017 8,405  7,850  6,896  995  7,209  8,204  1.2x 1.1x 8.2 4.8 Corporate Private Equity
AEOF 2018 730  1,120  965  73  576  649  0.7x 0.6x (20.1) (28.3) Corporate Private Equity
ASOF 2019 4,305  3,518  3,138  1,395  2,599  3,994  1.5x 1.4x 64.8 48.9 Special Opportunities
Sixth flagship corporate private equity fund
2020
4,329  4,218  1,402  24  1,525  1,549  1.1x 1.1x N/A N/A Corporate Private Equity

(1)Realized value represents the sum of all cash dividends, interest income, other fees and cash proceeds from realizations of interests in portfolio investments. Realized value excludes any proceeds related to bridge financings.
(2)Unrealized value represents the fair market value of remaining investments. Unrealized value does not take into account any bridge financings. There can be no assurance that unrealized investments will be realized at the valuations indicated.
(3)For the corporate private equity and infrastructure and power funds, the gross MoIC is calculated at the investment-level and is based on the interests of all partners. The gross MoIC is before giving effect to management fees, carried interest, as applicable, and other expenses. For the special opportunities funds, the gross MoIC is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The gross MoIC is before giving effect to management fees, carried interest as applicable, and other expenses, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The gross MoICs for the corporate private equity and special opportunities funds are also calculated before giving effect to any bridge financings. Inclusive of bridge financings, the gross MoIC would be 2.2x for ACOF IV, 1.2x for ACOF V, "N/A" for the sixth flagship corporate private equity fund, 0.7x for AEOF and 1.4x for ASOF. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The gross MoIC would generally have been lower if such funds called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(4)The net MoIC for USPF IV and ASOF is calculated at the fund-level. The net MoIC for the corporate private equity funds is calculated at the investment level. For all funds, the net MoIC is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or performance fees. The net MoIC is after giving effect to management fees and carried interest, other expenses and credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The net MoIC would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(5)For the corporate private equity and infrastructure and power funds, the gross IRR is an annualized since inception gross internal rate of return of cash flows to and from investments and the residual value of the investments at the end of the measurement period. Gross IRRs reflect returns to all partners. The cash flow dates used in the gross IRR calculation are assumed to occur at month-end. The gross IRRs are calculated before giving effect to management fees, carried interest, as applicable, and other expenses. For the special opportunities funds the gross IRR is an annualized since inception gross internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Gross IRRs reflect returns to the fee-paying limited partners and, if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the gross IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The gross IRRs are calculated before giving effect to management fees, carried interest, as applicable, and other expenses, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The gross IRRs for the corporate private equity and special opportunities funds are also calculated before giving effect to any bridge financings. Inclusive of bridge financings, the gross IRRs would be 21.6% for ACOF IV, 8.3% for ACOF V, "N/A" for the sixth flagship corporate private equity fund, (20.0)% for AEOF and 64.2% for ASOF. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Gross fund-level IRRs would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(6)The net IRR is an annualized since inception net internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Net IRRs reflect returns to the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, exclude interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the net IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The net IRRs are calculated after giving effect to management fees, carried interest as applicable, and other expenses and exclude commitments by the general partner and non-fee paying limited partners who do not pay either management fees or carried interest. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Net fund-level IRRs would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.

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Real Estate Group—Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Fee Related Earnings:
The following table presents the components of the Real Estate Group's FRE:

Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Management fees $ 29,632  $ 24,184  $ 5,448  23  %
Other fees 648  704  (56) (8)
Compensation and benefits (15,941) (12,413) (3,528) (28)
General, administrative and other expenses (3,295) (2,935) (360) (12)
Fee Related Earnings $ 11,044  $ 9,540  1,504  16 


Management Fees. The chart below presents Real Estate Group management fees and effective management fee rates:
ARES-20210331_G21.JPG
Management fees increased for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily due to additional commitments to Ares U.S. Real Estate Opportunity Fund III, L.P. (“AREOF III”), which increased fees by $1.6 million, and to our third European value-add real estate equity fund, which increased fees by $1.6 million. The additional commitments to these funds also generated one-time catch-up fees in the current year period. Management fees from real estate debt funds increased by $1.1 million from the prior year period primarily due to the continued fundraising and subsequent deployment of these open-ended funds. Management fees included $2.0 million of
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deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 that did not recur in the current year period, driven by our Real Estate Group completing the sale of its stake in a 40-property pan-European logistics portfolio.
The decrease in effective management fee rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily due to the increase in committed capital from the launch of our AREOF III and our third European value-add real estate equity fund. Our most recent real estate equity funds pay a fee on committed capital that increases once that capital is invested. As a result, our effective management fee rate decreases immediately following capital raising and increases as capital is subsequently deployed.
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits increased by $3.5 million, or 28%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase in salaries and benefits was primarily driven by higher incentive compensation attributable to improved operating performance and margin expansion from scaling our business, and by headcount and merit increases across all strategies. Average headcount increased by 12% to 104 investment and investment support professionals for the first quarter of 2021 from 93 professionals for the same period in 2020.

General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses increased by $0.4 million, or 12%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The change was driven by an increase in placement fees of $0.5 million, primarily associated with new commitments to AREOF III, and by an increase of $0.2 million in organizational and structuring costs associated with various funds.
The three months ended March 31, 2021 continued to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a decrease in certain operating expenses. During the first quarter of 2021, our operating expenses were impacted by limitations in certain business activities, most notably travel, entertainment and marketing sponsorships, and by certain office services and fringe benefits from the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses decreased by $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, when compared to the same period in 2020.
Realized Income:
The following table presents the components of the Real Estate Group's RI:
Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Fee Related Earnings $ 11,044  $ 9,540  $ 1,504  16%
Performance income—realized 1,947  26,600  (24,653) (93)
Performance related compensation—realized (1,177) (17,170) 15,993  93
Realized net performance income 770  9,430  (8,660) (92)
Investment income (loss)—realized (222) 1,290  (1,512) NM
Interest and other investment income—realized 2,028  796  1,232  155
Interest expense (1,125) (971) (154) (16)
Realized net investment income 681  1,115  (434) (39)
Realized Income $ 12,495  $ 20,085  (7,590) (38)
Realized net performance income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily generated from the sale of a property held in a European real estate equity fund. Realized net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily attributable to a distribution from a real estate debt vehicle.
Realized net performance income and realized net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were primarily attributable to the sale of a 40-property pan-European logistics portfolio held within multiple European real estate funds.
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Real Estate Group— Carried Interest and Incentive Fees
The following table presents the accrued carried interest and incentive fees receivable, also referred to as accrued performance income, and related performance compensation for the Real Estate Group:
  As of March 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2020
($ in thousands) Accrued Performance Income Accrued Performance Compensation Accrued Net Performance Income Accrued Performance Income Accrued Performance Compensation Accrued Net Performance Income
Accrued Carried Interest
US IX $ 35,874  $ 22,241  $ 13,633  $ 26,704  $ 16,556  $ 10,148 
EF IV 55,944  33,567  22,377  55,829  33,498  22,331 
Other real estate funds 131,260  83,228  48,032  119,036  75,062  43,974 
Other fee generating funds(1)
2,841  —  2,841  2,786  —  2,786 
Total accrued carried interest 225,919  139,036  86,883  204,355  125,116  79,239 
Incentive fees 658  395  263  525  315  210 
Total Real Estate Group $ 226,577  $ 139,431  $ 87,146  $ 204,880  $ 125,431  $ 79,449 

(1)Relates to investment income from AREA Sponsor Holdings LLC that is reclassified for segment reporting to align with the character of the underlying income generated.

The following table presents the change in accrued carried interest during the period for the Real Estate Group:
  As of December 31, 2020 Activity during the period As of March 31, 2021
($ in thousands) Waterfall Type Accrued Carried Interest Change in Unrealized Realized Accrued Carried Interest
US IX European $ 26,704  $ 9,170  $ —  $ 35,874 
EF IV American 55,829  115  —  55,944 
Other real estate funds European 86,592  8,824  —  95,416 
Other real estate funds American 32,444  4,681  (1,281) 35,844 
Other fee generating funds(1)
European 426  —  —  426 
Other fee generating funds(1)
American 2,360  55  —  2,415 
Total Real Estate Group $ 204,355  $ 22,845  $ (1,281) $ 225,919 

(1)Relates to investment income from AREA Sponsor Holdings LLC that is reclassified for segment reporting to align with the character of the underlying income generated.


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Real Estate Group—Assets Under Management

The tables below present rollforwards of AUM for the Real Estate Group:
($ in millions) Real Estate Equity - U.S. Real Estate Equity - Europe Real Estate Debt Total Real Estate Group
Balance at 12/31/2020 $ 4,404  $ 4,811  $ 5,593  $ 14,808 
Net new par/equity commitments 433  94  203  730 
Net new debt commitments —  —  1,880  1,880 
Capital reductions —  —  (232) (232)
Distributions (43) (96) (32) (171)
Change in fund value 115  (39) 38  114 
Balance at 3/31/2021 $ 4,909  $ 4,770  $ 7,450  $ 17,129 
Average AUM(1)
$ 4,657  $ 4,791  $ 6,522  $ 15,970 
Real Estate Equity - U.S. Real Estate Equity - Europe Real Estate Debt Total Real Estate Group
Balance at 12/31/2019 $ 3,793  $ 4,588  $ 4,826  $ 13,207 
Net new par/equity commitments 559  581  420  1,560 
Net new debt commitments —  —  226  226 
Distributions (53) (572) (18) (643)
Change in fund value (126) (86) (26) (238)
Balance at 3/31/2020 $ 4,173  $ 4,511  $ 5,428  $ 14,112 
Average AUM(1)
$ 3,983  $ 4,550  $ 5,127  $ 13,660 
(1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances.

The components of our AUM for the Real Estate Group are presented below ($ in billions):
ARES-20210331_G22.JPG      ARES-20210331_G23.JPG
AUM: $17.2 AUM: $14.1

FPAUM AUM not yet paying fees Non-fee paying General partner and affiliates


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Real Estate Group—Fee Paying AUM
The tables below present rollforwards of fee paying AUM for the Real Estate Group:
($ in millions) Real Estate Equity - U.S. Real Estate Equity - Europe Real Estate Debt Total Real Estate Group
FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 $ 3,659  $ 4,088  $ 2,505  $ 10,252 
Commitments 301  94  101  496 
Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage 119  10  208  337 
Capital reductions —  —  (32) (32)
Distributions (43) (54) (44) (141)
Change in fund value —  (122) 30  (92)
FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 $ 4,036  $ 4,016  $ 2,768  $ 10,820 
Average FPAUM(1)
$ 3,848  $ 4,052  $ 2,637  $ 10,537 
Real Estate Equity - U.S. Real Estate Equity - Europe Real Estate Debt Total Real Estate Group
FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 $ 2,635  $ 3,792  $ 1,536  $ 7,963 
Commitments 756  539  73  1,368 
Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage 48  145  287  480 
Capital reductions —  (10) (1) (11)
Distributions (22) (186) (18) (226)
Change in fund value —  (58) 10  (48)
Change in fee basis —  (311) —  (311)
FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 $ 3,417  $ 3,911  $ 1,887  $ 9,215 
Average FPAUM(1)
$ 3,026  $ 3,852  $ 1,712  $ 8,590 
(1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances.

The charts below present FPAUM for the Real Estate Group by its fee basis ($ in billions):
ARES-20210331_G24.JPG      ARES-20210331_G25.JPG
FPAUM: $10.8 FPAUM: $9.2

Capital commitments
Invested capital/other(1)
Market value(2)


(1)Other consists of ACRE's FPAUM, which is based on ACRE’s stockholders’ equity.
(2)Amounts represent FPAUM from funds that primarily invest in illiquid strategies. The underlying investments held in these funds are generally subject to less market volatility than investments held in liquid strategies.
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Real Estate Group—Fund Performance Metrics as of March 31, 2021

Two significant funds, European Real Estate Fund V SCSp (“EF V”) and AREOF III, collectively contributed approximately 45% of the Real Estate Group’s management fees for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
The following table presents the performance data as of March 31, 2021 for our significant funds in the Real Estate Group, all of which are drawdown funds:
($ in millions) Year of Inception AUM Original Capital Commitments Capital Invested to Date
Realized Value(1)
Unrealized Value(2)
Total Value MoIC IRR(%) Primary Investment Strategy
Fund
Gross(3)
Net(4)
Gross(5)
Net(6)
Funds Deploying Capital
EF V(7)
2018 $ 2,141  $ 1,968  $ 1,007  $ 54  $ 1,175  $ 1,229  1.2x 1.1x 17.7 8.6 European Real Estate Equity
AREOF III 2019 1,675  1,697  330  —  334  334  1.0x 0.9x NA NA U.S. Real Estate Equity

(1)Realized value includes distributions of operating income, sales and financing proceeds received.
(2)Unrealized value represents the fair market value of remaining investments. Unrealized value does not take into account any bridge financings. There can be no assurance that unrealized investments will be realized at the valuations indicated.
(3)The gross MoIC is calculated at the investment level and is based on the interests of all partners. The gross MoIC for all funds is before giving effect to management fees, carried interest and other expenses, as applicable.
(4)The net MoIC is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying partners and, if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non fee-paying partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees, carried interest or has such fees rebated outside of the fund. The net MoIC is after giving effect to management fees, carried interest as applicable and other expenses. Net fund-level MoICs would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(5)The gross IRR is an annualized since inception gross internal rate of return of cash flows to and from investments and the residual value of the investments at the end of the measurement period. Gross IRRs reflect returns to all partners. Cash flows used in the gross IRR calculation are assumed to occur at quarter-end. The gross IRRs are calculated before giving effect to management fees, carried interest and other expenses, as applicable.
(6)The net IRR is an annualized since inception net internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Net IRRs reflect returns to the fee-paying partners and, if applicable, exclude interests attributable to the non fee-paying partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest or has such fees rebated outside of the fund. The cash flow dates used in the net IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The net IRRs are calculated after giving effect to management fees, carried interest as applicable, and other expenses. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Net fund-level IRRs would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(7)EF V is made up of two parallel funds, one denominated in U.S. dollars and one denominated in Euros. The gross and net IRR and MoIC presented in the table are for the Euro denominated parallel fund. The gross and net MoIC and IRR presented in the chart is for the Euro denominated parallel fund. The gross and net MoIC for the U.S. Dollar denominated parallel fund are 1.2x and 1.1x, respectively. The gross and net IRR for the U.S. Dollar denominated parallel fund are 18.8% and 9.6%, respectively. Original capital commitments are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate at the time of fund's closing. All other values for EF V are for the combined fund and are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing quarter-end exchange rate.



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Strategic Initiatives—Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Strategic Initiatives represents an all-other category formed in 2020 that includes operating segments and strategic investments that are seeking to broaden our distribution channels or expand our access to global markets. It includes the AUM and results of Ares SSG subsequent to the completion of the SSG Acquisition on July 1, 2020 and of Aspida Life Re Ltd subsequent to the acquisition of the outstanding common shares of F&G Re on December 18, 2020.

Strategic Initiatives—Fund Performance Metrics as of March 31, 2021
Strategic Initiatives includes two significant funds, SSG Capital Partners IV, L.P. (“SSG Fund IV”) and SSG Capital Partners V, L.P. (“SSG Fund V”), that collectively contributed approximately 57.8% of the management fees reported in Strategic Initiatives for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
The following table presents the performance data as of March 31, 2021 for our significant funds reported in Strategic Initiatives, all of which are drawdown funds:
($ in millions) Year of Inception AUM Original Capital Commitments Capital Invested to Date
Realized Value(1)
Unrealized Value(2)
Total Value MoIC IRR(%) Primary Investment Strategy
Fund
Gross(3)
Net(4)
Gross(5)
Net(6)
Funds Deploying Capital
SSG Fund IV 2016 $ 1,336  $ 1,181  $ 1,372  $ 804  $ 721  $ 1,525  1.2x 1.1x 13.6  8.0  Asian Special Situations
SSG Fund V 2018 2,014  1,878  956  328  763  1,091  1.2x 1.1x 66.5  35.5  Asian Special Situations

(1)Realized value represents the sum of all cash distributions to all partners and if applicable, exclude tax and incentive distributions made to the general partner.
(2)Unrealized value represents the fund's NAV reduced by the accrued incentive allocation, if applicable. There can be no assurance that unrealized values will be realized at the valuations indicated.
(3)The gross MoIC is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The gross MoIC is before giving effect to management fees, carried interest as applicable and other expenses, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The gross MoIC would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(4)The net MoIC is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes those interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The net MoIC is after giving effect to management fees and other expenses, carried interest and credit facility interest expense, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The net MoIC would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(5)The gross IRR is an annualized since inception gross internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Gross IRR reflects returns to the fee-paying limited partners and, if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the gross IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The gross IRRs are calculated before giving effect to management fees, carried interest, as applicable, and other expenses, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The gross fund-level IRR would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(6)The net IRR is an annualized since inception net internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Net IRRs reflect returns to the fee-paying limited partners and, if applicable, exclude interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner who does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the net IRR calculations are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The net IRRs are calculated after giving effect to management fees and other expenses, carried interest and credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Net fund-level IRRs would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.


Operations Management Group—Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Fee Related Earnings:
The following table presents OMG's operating expenses that are a component of FRE:
Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Compensation and benefits $ (44,407) $ (36,426) $ (7,981) (22) %
General, administrative and other expenses (18,656) (21,305) 2,649  12 
Fee Related Earnings $ (63,063) $ (57,731) (5,332) (9)

Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits increased by $8.0 million, or 22%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increases were primarily driven by the headcount growth from the expansion of our strategy and relationship management teams to support global fundraising, from the expansion of our business operations teams and from other strategic growth initiatives, including the SSG Acquisition.
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Average headcount for the year-to-date period increased by 20% to 754 operation management professionals for the first quarter of 2021 from 628 professionals for the same period in 2020. Average headcount for our operations management professionals increased by the expansion of our team in India and by the SSG Acquisition of 49 and 43, respectively.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses decreased by $2.6 million, or 12%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The three months ended March 31, 2021 continued to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a decrease in certain operating expenses. During the first quarter of 2021, our operating expenses were impacted by limitations in certain business activities, most notably travel, entertainment and marketing sponsorships, and by certain office services and fringe benefits from the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses decreased by $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, when compared to the same period in 2020.
During the first quarter of 2020, we recorded $3.3 million in expenses associated with settling an SEC compliance matter that is not expected to recur.
There were certain other expenses that increased during the current period, including occupancy costs to support our growing headcount and information services and information technology to support the expansion of our business. Collectively, these expenses increased by $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 when compared to the same period in 2020.
Realized Income:
The following table presents the components of the OMG's RI:

Three months ended March 31, Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Change % Change
Fee Related Earnings $ (63,063) $ (57,731) $ (5,332) (9) %
Investment loss—realized —  (5,698) 5,698  100
Interest and other investment income—realized 355  168  187  111
Interest expense (90) (977) 887  91
Realized net investment income (loss) 265  (6,507) 6,772  NM
Realized Income $ (62,798) $ (64,238) 1,440  2

NM - Not Meaningful
Realized net investment loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily driven by a realized loss associated with the sale of a non–core insurance-related investment.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Management assesses liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund operating, investing and financing activities. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, management believes that the Company is well-positioned and its liquidity will continue to be sufficient for its foreseeable working capital needs, contractual obligations, dividend payments, pending acquisitions and strategic initiatives. For further discussion regarding the potential risks and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Sources and Uses of Liquidity
Our sources of liquidity are (1) cash on hand, (2) net working capital, (3) cash from operations, including management fees, which are collected monthly, quarterly or semi-annually, and net realized performance income, which is unpredictable as to amount and timing, (4) fund distributions related to our investments that are also unpredictable as to amount and timing and (5) net borrowing from the Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2021, our cash and cash equivalents were $609.9 million, and we had $168.0 million borrowings outstanding under our Credit Facility. Our ability to draw from the Credit Facility is subject to a leverage and other covenants. We remain in compliance with all covenants as of March 31, 2021. We believe that these sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund our working capital requirements and to meet our commitments in the ordinary course of business and under the current market conditions for the foreseeable future. Cash flows from management fees may be impacted by a slowdown or declines in deployment, declines or write downs in valuations, or a slowdown or negatively impacted fundraising. In addition, management fees may be subject to deferral. Declines or delays and transaction activity may impact our fund distributions and net realized performance income which could adversely impact our cash flows and liquidity. Market conditions may make it difficult to extend the maturity or refinance our existing indebtedness or obtain new indebtedness with similar terms.
We expect that our primary liquidity needs will continue to be to (1) provide capital to facilitate the growth of our existing investment management businesses, (2) fund our investment commitments, (3) provide capital to facilitate our expansion into businesses that are complementary to our existing investment management businesses as well as other strategic growth initiatives, (4) pay operating expenses, including cash compensation to our employees and payments under the tax receivable agreement (“TRA”), (5) fund capital expenditures, (6) service our debt, (7) pay income taxes, (8) make dividend payments to our Class A common stockholders and the Series A Preferred stockholders in accordance with our dividend policies and (9) pay distributions to AOG unitholders.
In the normal course of business, we expect to pay dividends that are aligned with the expected changes in our after-tax fee related earnings. If cash flows from operations were insufficient to fund dividends over a sustained period of time, we expect that we would suspend or reduce paying such dividends. In addition, there is no assurance that dividends would continue at the current levels or at all. Unless quarterly dividends have been declared and paid (or declared and set apart for payment) on the Series A Preferred Stock, we may not declare or pay or set apart payment for dividends on any shares of our Class A common stock during the period. Dividends on Series A Preferred Stock are not cumulative and the Series A Preferred Stock is not convertible into our Class A common stock or any other security.
Our ability to obtain debt financing and complete stock offerings provides us with additional sources of liquidity. For further discussion of financing transactions occurring in the current period, see “Cash Flows” within this section and “Note 7. Debt” and “Note 13. Equity and Redeemable Interest to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the cash flows of our operating businesses as well as those of our Consolidated Funds. The assets of our Consolidated Funds, on a gross basis, are significantly larger than the assets of our operating businesses and therefore have a substantial effect on our reported cash flows. The primary cash flow activities of our Consolidated Funds include: (1) raising capital from third-party investors, which is reflected as non-controlling interests of our Consolidated Funds, (2) financing certain investments by issuing debt, (3) purchasing and selling investment securities, (4) generating cash through the realization of certain investments, (5) collecting interest and dividend income and (6) distributing cash to investors. Our Consolidated Funds are generally accounted for as investment companies under GAAP; therefore, the character and classification of all Consolidated Fund transactions are presented as cash flows from operations. Liquidity available at our Consolidated Funds is typically not available for corporate liquidity needs, and debt of the Consolidated Funds is non–recourse to the Company except to the extent of the Company's investment in the fund.
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Cash Flows
We consolidate funds where we are deemed to hold a controlling interest. The Consolidated Funds are not necessarily the same entities in each year presented due to changes in ownership, changes in limited partners' rights and the creation or termination of funds. The consolidation of these funds had no effect on cash flows attributable to us for the periods presented. As such, we evaluate the activity of the Consolidated Funds and the eliminations resulting from consolidation separately. The following tables and discussion summarize our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows by activities attributable to the Company and to our Consolidated Funds. For more details on the activity of the Company and Consolidated Funds, refer to “Note 15. Consolidation” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
  Three months ended March 31,
($ in thousands) 2021 2020
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 137,408  $ 127,365 
Net cash used in the Consolidated Funds' operating activities, net of eliminations (878,526) (490,602)
Net cash used in operating activities (741,118) (363,237)
Net cash used in the Company's investing activities (3,284) (38,906)
Net cash provided by (used in) the Company's financing activities (63,442) 944,997 
Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds' financing activities, net of eliminations 880,653  500,555 
Net cash provided by financing activities 817,211  1,445,552 
Effect of exchange rate changes (2,749) (14,120)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents $ 70,060  $ 1,029,289 

Operating Activities
Cash flow from operations is composed of (i) cash generated from our core business activities, primarily consisting of profits generated principally from management fees after covering for operating expenses, (ii) net realized performance income and (iii) net cash from investment related activities including purchases, sales and net realized investment income. We generated meaningful cash flow from operations in each of the last two periods. Although cash generated from our core business activities increased by $89.4 million when compared to the prior year, cash provided by the Company’s operating activities increased by only $10.0 million from $127.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to $137.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Net purchases associated with our investment portfolio, which represent a use of cash, increased by $62.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 when compared to the prior year period.
Net cash used in the Consolidated Funds' operating activities continues to be principally attributable to net purchases of investment securities by recently launched funds during both years.
Our increasing working capital needs reflect the growth of our business, while the capital requirements needed to support fund-related activities vary based upon the specific investment activities being conducted during such period. The movements within our Consolidated Funds do not adversely impact our liquidity or earnings trends. We believe that our ability to generate cash from operations, as well as the capacity under the Credit Facility, provides us with the necessary liquidity to manage short-term fluctuations in working capital and to meet our short-term commitments.

Investing Activities

Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of disposals $ (3,284) $ (3,062)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired —  (35,844)
Net cash used in investing activities $ (3,284) $ (38,906)

Net cash used in the Company's investing activities was principally composed of cash used to purchase CLO collateral management agreements from Crestline Denali in the prior year. We also used cash to purchase furniture, fixtures, equipment and leasehold improvements purchased during both years to support the growth in our staffing levels and our expanding global presence.
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Financing Activities
Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock $ —  $ 383,334 
Net borrowings of Credit Facility 168,000  730,000 
Class A common stock dividends (74,684) (51,090)
AOG unitholder distributions (67,084) (55,748)
Series A Preferred Stock dividends (5,425) (5,425)
Stock option exercises —  19,551 
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards (84,590) (73,500)
Other financing activities 341  (2,125)
Net cash provided by (used in) the Company's financing activities $ (63,442) $ 944,997 

Net cash used in the Company's financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was principally composed of cash used to pay higher dividends and distributions to Class A common stockholders and AOG unitholders, respectively, as we generated higher fee related earnings on an increased number of Class A shares outstanding compared to the prior year. In connection with the vesting of restricted units that are granted to our employees under the Equity Incentive Plan, we withhold shares equal to the fair value of our employee's withholding tax liabilities and pay the taxes on their behalf. This use of cash increased from the prior period primarily as a result of our appreciating stock price, which is the basis on which employee compensation is recognized. The net settlement of shares minimizes the dilutive impact of our Equity Incentive Plan as fewer shares are issued upon vesting. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we retained and did not issue shares of 1.8 million and 2.0 million, respectively.
Net cash provided by the Company's financing activities for three months ended March 31, 2020 was principally composed of net proceeds from the Company’s Credit Facility to enhance our liquidity position as a precautionary measure in response to the uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and of cash proceeds from the private offering of Class A common stock to SMBC, partially offset by cash used to pay dividends and distributions to Class A common stockholders and AOG unitholders.
Three months ended March 31,
2021 2020
Contributions from redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations $ 941,935  $ 133,265 
Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations (38,829) (13,492)
Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds 7,000  454,391 
Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds (29,453) (73,609)
Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds' financing activities $ 880,653  $ 500,555 
Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds' financing activities was principally attributable to contributions from shareholders in the initial public offering of the SPAC.
Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds’ financing activities for three months ended March 31, 2020 was principally attributable to the borrowings of a newly issued CLO.
Capital Resources
We intend to use a portion of our available liquidity to pay cash dividends to our Series A Preferred stockholders and our Class A common stockholders on a quarterly basis in accordance with our dividend policies. Our ability to make cash dividends to the Series A Preferred stockholders and our Class A common stockholders is dependent on a myriad of factors, including among others: general economic and business conditions; our strategic plans and prospects; our business and investment opportunities; timing of capital calls by our funds in support of our commitments; our financial condition and operating results; working capital requirements and other anticipated cash needs; contractual restrictions and obligations; legal, tax and regulatory restrictions; restrictions on the payment of distributions by our subsidiaries to us and other relevant factors.

We are required to maintain minimum net capital balances for regulatory purposes for our broker-dealer and certain subsidiaries operating outside the U.S. These net capital requirements are met in part by retaining cash, cash equivalents and investment securities. As a result, we may be restricted in our ability to transfer cash between different operating entities and jurisdictions. As of March 31, 2021, we were required to maintain approximately $37.0 million in liquid net assets within these
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subsidiaries to meet regulatory net capital and capital adequacy requirements. We remain in compliance with all regulatory requirements.
Holders of AOG Units, subject to the terms of the exchange agreement, may exchange their AOG Units for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. These exchanges are expected to result in increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of AMC that otherwise would not have been available. These increases in tax basis may increase depreciation and amortization for U.S. income tax purposes and thereby reduce the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future. We entered into the TRA that provides payment to the TRA recipients of 85% of the amount of actual cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize as a result of these increases in tax basis and of certain other tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA and interest accrued thereon. Future payments under the TRA in respect of subsequent exchanges are expected to be substantial. The TRA liability balance was $61.1 million as of March 31, 2021.
For a discussion of our debt obligations, including the debt obligations of our consolidated funds, see "Note 7. Debt,” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Series A Preferred Stock
For a discussion of our equity, including our Series A Preferred Stock, see "Note 13. Equity and Redeemable Interest,” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make assumptions, estimates or judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions, estimates or judgments, however, are both subjective and subject to change, and actual results may differ from our assumptions and estimates. Actual results may also differ from our estimates and judgments due to risks and uncertainties. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known.

Except as disclosed below, there have been no material changes to the critical accounting estimates previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, see "Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a summary of our critical accounting estimates, please see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Equity-Based Compensation

We granted certain restricted units with a vesting condition based upon the volume-weighted, average closing price of shares of our Class A common stock meeting or exceeding a stated price for 30 consecutive calendar days on or prior to January 22, 2029, referred to as the market condition. Vesting is also generally subject to continued employment at the time such market condition is achieved. Under the terms of the awards, if the target price of the applicable market condition is not achieved by the close of business on January 22, 2029, the unvested market condition awards will be automatically canceled and forfeited for no consideration, with any expense that was previously recognized reversed. Restricted units subject to a market condition are not eligible to receive dividend equivalents.

The grant date fair values are based on a probability distributed Monte-Carlo simulation. Due to the existence of the market condition, the vesting period for the awards is not explicit, and as such, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the median vesting period derived from the positive iterations of the Monte Carlo simulations where the market condition is achieved.

Below is a summary of the significant assumptions used to estimate the grant date fair value of market condition awards:

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Closing price of the Company's common shares as of grant date $45.76
Risk-free interest rate 0.88%
Volatility 35.0%
Dividend yield 3.5%
Cost of equity 10.0%

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements and their impact on the Company can be found in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we engage in off-balance sheet arrangements, including transactions in derivatives, guarantees, commitments, indemnifications and potential contingent repayment obligations. See “Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies,” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Commitments and Contingencies

For further discussion of our capital commitments, indemnification arrangements and contingent obligations, see “Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies,” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our primary exposure to market risk is related to our role as general partner or investment adviser to our investment funds and the sensitivity to movements in the fair value of their investments, including the effect on management fees, performance income and investment income. Uncertainty with respect to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced uncertainty in the financial markets, and the effects of this uncertainty could materially impact our market risks, including those listed below. For additional information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential impact on our business and our operating results, see Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Market Risk
The market price of investments may significantly fluctuate during the period of investment. Investments may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of an investment may decline due to general market conditions, which are not specifically related to such investment, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. It may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.
Our credit orientation has been a central tenet of our business across our debt and equity investment strategies. We believe the combination of high-quality proprietary information flow and a consistent, rigorous approach to managing investments across our strategies has been, and we believe will continue to be, a major driver of our strong risk-adjusted returns and the stability and predictability of our income.
Credit Risk

We are party to agreements providing for various financial services and transactions that contain an element of risk in the event that the counterparties are unable to meet the terms of such agreements. In such agreements, we depend on the counterparty to make payment or otherwise perform. We generally endeavor to minimize our risk of exposure by limiting to reputable financial institutions the counterparties with which we enter into financial transactions. In other circumstances, availability of financing from financial institutions may be uncertain due to market events, and we may not be able to access these financing markets.

In the ordinary course of business, we may extend loans to our funds or guarantee credit facilities held by our funds and could be subject to risk of loss or repayment if our funds do not perform.

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Certain of our funds’ investments include lower-rated and comparable quality unrated distressed investments and other instruments. These issuers can be more sensitive to adverse market conditions, such as a recession or increasing interest rates, as compared to higher rated issuers. We seek to minimize risk exposure by subjecting each prospective investment to our rigorous, credit-oriented investment approach.

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had cash balances with financial institutions in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. We seek to mitigate this exposure by monitoring the credit standing of these financial institutions.

There have been no material changes in our market risks for the three months ended March 31, 2021. For additional information on our market risks, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which is accessible on the SEC's website at sec.gov.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2021. Based upon that evaluation and subject to the foregoing, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2021, the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II.

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings
From time to time we are involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits and claims incidental to the conduct of our business, some of which may be material. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we were not subject to any material pending legal proceedings. Our businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against us.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors described below and in Part I, “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. The risks described below and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

The rapid development and fluidity of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic precludes any prediction as to the ultimate adverse impact of the situation on economic and market conditions. In addition to the foregoing, COVID-19 may exacerbate the potential adverse effects on our business, financial performance, operating results, cash flows and financial condition described in the risk factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Risks Related to Our Businesses

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economy, has disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, industries in which we, our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies operate and could potentially negatively impact us, our funds or our funds’ portfolio companies.

Over the past year, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global and national health crisis, adversely impacted global commercial activity and contributed to significant volatility in equity and debt markets. Many countries and states in the United States, including those in which we, our funds’ and our funds’ portfolio companies operate, issued (and continue to re-issue) orders requiring the closure of, or certain restrictions on the operation of, nonessential businesses and/or requiring residents to stay at home. The COVID-19 pandemic and preventative measures taken to contain or mitigate its spread have caused, and are continuing to cause, business shutdowns or the re-introduction of business shutdowns, cancellations of events and restrictions on travel, significant reductions in demand for certain goods and services, reductions in business activity and financial transactions, supply chain interruptions and overall economic and financial market instability both globally and in the United States. Such measures, as well as the general uncertainty surrounding the dangers and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, have created significant disruption in supply chains and economic activity and have had a particularly adverse impact on the energy, hospitality, travel, retail and restaurant industries, as well as other industries, including industries in which certain of our funds’ portfolio companies operate. Such effects will likely continue for the duration of the pandemic, which is uncertain, and for some period thereafter. While several countries, as well as certain states, counties and cities in the United States, relaxed the early public health restrictions with a view to partially or fully reopening their economies, many cities, both globally and in the United States, subsequently experienced a surge in the reported number of cases and hospitalizations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This increase in cases led to the re-introduction of such restrictions and business shutdowns in certain states, counties and cities in the United States and globally and could lead to the re-introduction of such restrictions elsewhere. In December 2020, the Federal Food and Drug Administration authorized COVID‑19 vaccines and the distribution of such vaccines has commenced. However, it remains unclear how quickly “herd immunity” will be achieved and whether the restrictions that were imposed to slow the spread of the virus will be lifted entirely. These uncertainties could lead people to continue to refrain from participating in the economy at pre-pandemic levels for a prolonged period of time. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, the U.S. economy and most other major global economies may experience a recession, and we anticipate our and our funds’ business and operations, as well as the business and operations of our funds’ portfolio companies, could be materially adversely affected by a prolonged recession in the U.S. and other major markets.

The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (including the restrictive measures taken in response thereto) on our and our funds’ operational and financial performance will depend on many factors, including the duration, severity and scope of the public health emergency, the actions taken by governmental authorities to contain its financial and economic
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impact, the continued implementation of travel advisories and restrictions, the impact of such public health emergency on overall supply and demand, goods and services, investor liquidity, consumer confidence and levels of economic activity and the extent of its disruption to global, regional and local supply chains and economic markets, all of which are uncertain and difficult to assess. The COVID-19 pandemic is continuing as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report and its extended duration may have further adverse impacts on our business, financial performance, operating results, cash flows and financial condition, including the market price of shares of our securities, including for the reasons described below.

The effects of a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic may materially and adversely impact our value and performance and the value and performance of our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies. Further, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may not be fully reflected in the valuation of our or our funds’ investments, which may differ materially from the values that we may ultimately realize with respect to such investments. Our valuations, and particularly valuations of our interests in our funds and our funds’ investments, reflect a moment in time, are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time and are often based on subjective estimates, comparisons and qualitative evaluations of private information. Valuations, on an unrealized basis, can also be significantly affected by a variety of external factors including, but not limited to, public equity market volatility, industry trading multiples and interest rates, all of which have been impacted and continue to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is uncertain whether such valuations may decline and could become increasingly difficult to ascertain depending on the pace of recovery. As a result, the valuations of our interests in our funds and our funds’ investments, may not show the complete or continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting measures taken in response thereto. Accordingly, our funds may incur additional net unrealized losses or may incur realized losses in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any public health emergency, including the COVID-19 pandemic or any outbreak of other existing or new epidemic diseases, or the threat thereof, and the resulting financial and economic market uncertainty could have a significant adverse impact on us, the fair value of our and our funds’ investments and could adversely impact our funds’ ability to fulfill our investment objectives.

Our ability to market and raise new or successor funds in the future may be impacted by the continuation and reintroduction of shelter-in-place orders, travel restrictions and social distancing requirements implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This may reduce or delay anticipated fee revenues. In addition, the significant volatility and declines in valuations in the global markets as well as liquidity concerns may impact our ability to raise funds or deter fund investors from investing in new or successor funds that we are marketing.

Our funds may experience a slowdown in the pace of their investment activity and capital deployment, which could also adversely affect the timing of raising capital for new or successor funds and could also impact the management fees we earn on funds that generate fees based on invested (and not committed) capital. While the increased volatility in the financial markets caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may present attractive investment opportunities, we or our funds may not be able to complete those investments due to, among other factors, increased competition or operational challenges such as our ability to obtain attractive financing, conduct due diligence and consummate the acquisition and disposition of investments for our funds because of continued and re-introduced shelter-in-place orders, travel restrictions and social distancing requirements.

If the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and current market conditions continue, we and our funds may have fewer opportunities to successfully exit investments, due to, among other reasons, lower valuations, decreased revenues and earnings, lack of potential buyers with financial resources or access to financing to pursue an acquisition, lack of refinancing markets, resulting in a reduced ability to realize value from such investments at attractive valuations or at all, and thereby negatively impacting our realized income.

Adverse market conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our liquidity. Our cash flows from management fees may be impacted by, among other things, a slowdown in fundraising or delayed deployment. Cash payment of adverse market conditions may make it difficult for us to refinance our existing indebtedness or obtain new indebtedness with similar terms and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business. The capital that will be available to us in the future, if at all, may be at a higher cost and on less favorable terms and conditions than we currently experience. While our senior professionals have historically made co-investments in our funds alongside our limited partners, thereby reducing our obligation to make such investments, due to financial uncertainty or liquidity concerns, our employees may be less likely to make co-investments, which would result in such general partner commitments remaining our obligation to fund and reducing our liquidity. In addition, our funds may be impacted due to failure by our fund investors to meet capital calls, which would negatively impact our funds’ ability to make investments or pay us management fees.

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a particularly severe impact on certain industries, including but not limited to the energy, hospitality, travel, retail and restaurant industries, which are industries in which some of our funds have made investments. As of March 31, 2021, approximately 2% of our total AUM was invested in the energy sector (including oil and
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gas exploration and midstream investments) and approximately 2% in the retail sector that were challenged from the market disruption and volatility seen in the recent past as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of our funds’ portfolio companies in these industries have faced and are continuing to face operational and financial challenges resulting from the spread of COVID-19 and related governmental measures, such as the closure of stores, hotels, restaurants and other locations, restrictions on travel, quarantines or continued and re-introduced stay-at-home orders. As a result of these disruptions, the businesses, financial results and prospects of certain of these portfolio companies have already been severely affected and could continue to be so affected. These disruptions have caused and may in the future result in impairment and decrease in value of our funds’ investments, which may be material.

Our funds’ portfolio companies are also facing or may face in the future increased credit and liquidity risk due to volatility in financial markets, reduced or eliminated revenue streams, and limited or higher cost of access to preferred sources of funding. Changes in the debt financing markets are impacting, and, if the volatility in financial markets continues, may in the future impact, the ability of our funds’ portfolio companies to meet their respective financial obligations and continue as going concerns. This could lead to the insolvency and/or bankruptcy of these companies which would cause our funds to realize losses in respect of those investments. Any of the foregoing would adversely affect our results of operations, perhaps materially, and could harm our reputation.

Our funds may experience similar credit and liquidity risk. Failure of our funds to meet their financial obligations could result in our funds being required to repay indebtedness or other financial obligations immediately in whole or in part, together with any attendant costs, and our funds could be forced to sell some of their assets to fund such costs. Our funds could lose both invested capital in, and anticipated profits from, the affected investment.

Borrowers of loans and other credit instruments made by our funds may be unable to make their loan payments on a timely basis and meet their loan covenants, and tenants leasing real estate properties owned by our funds may not be able to pay rents in a timely manner or at all, resulting in a decrease in value of our funds’ credit and real estate investments and lower than expected returns. In addition, for variable interest instruments, lower reference rates resulting from government stimulus programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to lower interest income for funds making loans.

The COVID-19 pandemic may adversely impact our business and operations since an extended period of remote working by our employees could strain our technology resources and introduce operational risks, including heightened cybersecurity risk. While we have taken steps to secure our networks and systems, remote working environments may be less secure and more susceptible to hacking attacks, including phishing and social engineering attempts that seek to exploit the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, our data security, data privacy, investor reporting and business continuity processes could be impacted by a third party’s inability to perform due to the COVID-19 pandemic or by failures of, or attacks on, their information systems and technology. In addition, COVID-19 presents a significant threat to our employees’ well-being and morale, and we may experience potential loss of productivity. If our senior management or other key personnel become ill or are otherwise unable to perform their duties for an extended period of time, we may experience a loss of productivity or a delay in the implementation of certain strategic plans. In addition to any potential impact of such extended illness on our operations, we may be exposed to the risk of litigation by our employees against us for, among other things, failure to take adequate steps to protect their well-being, particularly in the event they become sick after a return to the office. Further, local COVID-19 related laws can be subject to rapid change depending on public health developments, which can lead to confusion and make compliance with laws uncertain and subject us, our funds or our funds’ portfolio companies to increased risk of litigation for non-compliance.

Additionally, due to stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions, and other COVID-19 related responses, many of our staff cannot travel for in-person meetings and/or have been working remotely outside of their usual work location. This could create taxable presence or residency risks for our corporate entities, professionals, funds and portfolio companies, which could lead to increased tax liability and additional compliance complexities.

Regulatory oversight and enforcement may become more rigorous for the financial services industry and other regulated industries as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial markets, especially in the wake of the array of governmental financial assistance programs provided by state and national governments around the world. In addition, new laws or regulations that are passed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic could adversely impact investment management firms. These changes may result in a more complex regulatory, tax and political environment, which could subject us to increased compliance costs and administrative burdens.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not sell any equity securities during the period covered in this report that were not registered under the
Securities Act of 1933.

Except as set forth below, all unregistered purchases of equity securities during the period covered by this Quarterly Report were previously disclosed in our current reports on Form 8-K or quarterly reports on Form 10-Q ($ in thousands; except share data):
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
January 1, 2021 - January 31, 2021
$ —  $ 150,000 
February 1, 2021 - February 28, 2021
—  150,000 
March 1, 2021 - March 31, 2021
—  150,000 
Total

(1)In February 2021, our board of directors approved the renewal of our stock repurchase program that authorizes the repurchase of up to $150 million of shares of our Class A common stock. Under this stock repurchase program, shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, including in reliance on Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Act. The program is scheduled to expire in February 2022. Repurchases under the program depend on the prevailing market conditions and other factors.

As permitted by our policies and procedures governing transactions in our securities by our directors, executive officers and other employees, from time to time some of these persons may establish plans or arrangements complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, and similar plans and arrangements relating to our Class A common stock.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

Item 5.  Other Information
Disclosure Pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act

Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (“ITRA”) and Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, require an issuer to disclose in its annual and quarterly reports whether it or any of its affiliates have knowingly engaged in specified activities or transactions relating to Iran. On January 31, 2019, funds and accounts managed by Ares’ European direct lending strategy (together, the “Ares funds”) collectively acquired a 32% equity stake in Daisy Group Limited (“Daisy”). Daisy is a provider of communication services to businesses based in the United Kingdom. The Ares funds do not hold a majority equity interest in Daisy and do not have the right to appoint a majority of directors to Daisy’s board of directors.

Subsequent to completion of the Ares funds’ investment in Daisy, in connection with Ares’s routine quarterly survey of its investment funds’ portfolio companies, Daisy informed the Ares funds that it has customer contracts with Melli Bank Plc and Persia International Bank Plc. Both Melli Bank Plc and Persia International Bank Plc have been designated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control within the U.S. Department of Treasury pursuant to Executive Order 13324. Daisy generated a total of £74,774 in annual revenues (less than 0.02% of Daisy’s annual revenues) from its dealings with Melli Bank Plc and Persia International Bank Plc and de minimis net profits. Daisy entered into the customer contracts with Melli Bank Plc and Persia International Bank Plc prior to the Ares funds’ investment in Daisy.
Daisy has given notice of termination of the contracts to Melli Bank Plc and Persia International Bank Plc. Following termination of the contracts, Daisy does not intend to engage in any further dealings or transactions with Melli Bank Plc or Persia International Bank Plc.


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Item 6.  Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)Exhibits.
The following is a list of all exhibits filed or furnished as part of this report.
Exhibit No. Description
Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ares Management Corporation.
3.2
Bylaws of Ares Management Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36429) filed with the SEC on November 15, 2018).
  Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Ares Holdings L.P., dated April 1, 2021.
  Third Amended & Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.
  Fifth Amended and Restated Exchange Agreement, dated April 1, 2021.
Third Amended and Restated Tax Receivable Agreement, dated April 1, 2021.
Form of Indemnification Agreement.
31.1*
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
31.2*
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
32.1*
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS*   XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104* Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

* These certifications are not deemed filed by the SEC and are not to be incorporated by reference in any filing we make under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings.
** Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

  ARES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
     
     
Dated: May 6, 2021 By: /s/ Michael J Arougheti
  Name: Michael J Arougheti
  Title: Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer & President (Principal Executive Officer)
Dated: May 6, 2021 By: /s/ Michael R. McFerran
Name: Michael R. McFerran
Title: Chief Operating Officer & Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

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Exhibit 3.1
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
ARES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION

(Pursuant to Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware)
Ares Management Corporation (the “Corporation”), a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the provisions of the DGCL, does hereby certify as follows:
1.    The Corporation’s original certificate of incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on November 14, 2018 and became effective on November 26, 2018 and a restated certificate of incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on May 11, 2020 (the “Restated Certificate”).
2.    This Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation was duly adopted by the Board of Directors of the Corporation in accordance with Sections 242 and 245 of the DGCL.
3.    The required holders of the Corporation’s issued and outstanding capital stock approved and adopted this Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation in accordance with Sections 228, 242 and 245 of the DGCL.
4.    This Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation restates and integrates and also further amends the Restated Certificate, which is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:
Article I

NAME

The name of the Corporation is Ares Management Corporation (the “Corporation”).
Article II

REGISTERED OFFICE AND AGENT

The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is United Agent Group Inc., 3411 Silverside Road Tatnall Building #104, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19810. The name of the registered agent at such address is United Agent Group Inc.
Article III

PURPOSE

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the DGCL.
1


Article IV

AUTHORIZED STOCK

Section 4.01    Capitalization.

(a)    The total number of shares of all classes of stock that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 3,500,000,000 which shall be divided into four classes as follows:
(i)    (i) 1,500,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Class A Common Stock”);
(ii)    500,000,000 shares of non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Non-Voting Common Stock”);
(iii)    1,000 shares of Class B common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Class B Common Stock”);
(iv)    499,999,000 shares of Class C common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Class C Common Stock”); and
(v)    1,000,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”), of which (x) 12,400,000 shares are designated as “7.00% Series A Preferred Stock” (“Series A Preferred Stock”) and (y) the remaining 987,600,000 shares may be designated from time to time in accordance with this Article IV.
(b)    The number of authorized shares of Class A Common Stock, Non-Voting Common Stock, Class B Common Stock, Class C Common Stock or Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) solely by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, in each case, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL (or any successor provision thereto), and no other vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Corporation, voting together or separately as a class, shall be required therefor, unless a vote of the holders of any such class, classes or series is expressly required pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 4.02    Preferred Stock. The Board of Directors is authorized, by resolution or resolutions, (a) to provide, out of the unissued shares of Preferred Stock, for one or more series of Preferred Stock, and (b) with respect to each such series, to fix, without further stockholder approval (except as may be required by Article XX or any Certificate of Designation), the designation of such series, the powers (including voting powers), preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of such series of Preferred Stock, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, and the number of shares of such series, which number the Board of Directors may, except where otherwise provided in the designation of such series, increase (but not above the total number of shares of Preferred Stock then authorized and available for issuance and not committed for other issuance) or decrease (but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding). The powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of each series of Preferred Stock, and the
2


qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, may differ from those of any and all other series at any time outstanding.
Section 4.03    Splits and Combinations of Stock.
(a)    Subject to Section 4.03(c), Article XX and any Certificate of Designation, the Corporation may make a pro rata distribution of shares of stock of the Corporation, or of options, rights, warrants or appreciation rights relating to shares of stock of the Corporation, or may effect a subdivision or combination of stock of the Corporation, in each case so long as, after any such event, each stockholder shall have the same percentage of each class or series of shares of stock of the Corporation as before such event, and any amounts calculated on a per share basis or stated as a number of shares of stock are proportionately adjusted.
(b)    The Board of Directors shall select a Record Date as of which each distribution, subdivision or combination shall be effective and shall provide notice thereof at least 20 days prior to such Record Date to applicable Record Holders as of a date not less than 10 days prior to the date of such notice.
(c)    The Corporation shall not be required to issue fractional shares upon any distribution, subdivision or combination of shares of stock of the Corporation. If the Board of Directors determines that no fractional shares shall be issued in connection with any such distribution, subdivision or combination, the fractional shares resulting therefrom shall be treated in accordance with Section 155 of the DGCL.
(d)    In the event that the Corporation at any time or from time to time will effect a division of the Class A Common Stock into a greater number of shares (by stock split, reclassification or otherwise, other than a Stock Dividend with respect to Class A Common Stock), or in the event the outstanding Class A Common Stock will be combined or consolidated (by reclassification, reverse stock split or otherwise) into a lesser number of shares of the Class A Common Stock, in each case, then the Non-Voting Common Stock will, concurrently with the effectiveness of such event, be proportionately split, reclassified, combined, consolidated, reverse-split or otherwise, as appropriate, such that the number of shares of Class A Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock outstanding immediately following such event shall bear the same relationship to each other as did the number of shares of Class A Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such event.
Article V
TERMS OF COMMON STOCK

Section 5.01    General. Except as otherwise required by law or as expressly provided in this Certificate of Incorporation, each share of Common Stock shall have the same powers, privileges and rights and shall rank equally, share ratably and be identical in all respects as to all matters, with each other share of Common Stock.
Section 5.02    Voting.
(a)    Except as required by the DGCL or as expressly provided in this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, (i) the holders of Common Stock shall vote together as a single class on all matters on which stockholders generally are entitled to vote, and (ii) to the extent that the holders of one class of Common Stock vote with the holders of any other class, classes or series of stock of the
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Corporation, the holders of each other class of Common Stock shall vote together as a single class with the holders of such other class, classes or series of stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything herein to the contrary, the holders of Non-Voting Common Stock shall have no voting powers on any matter on which the stockholders are required or permitted to vote, except as expressly provided in this Certificate of Incorporation or required by applicable law or regulation. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Non-Voting Common Stock, voting separately as a class, shall be required to (A) amend, alter, change or repeal (x) any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation that significantly and adversely affects the powers, preferences, rights or privileges of the Non-Voting Common Stock contained in this Certificate of Incorporation or (y) Section 4.03(d), Sections 5.06-5.08 or (B) approve (or adopt any definitive document that contemplates the) consummation of a Reorganization Event in connection with which the Non-Voting Common Stock are not treated as provided in Section 5.07.
(b)    Each Record Holder of Class A Common Stock shall have one vote for each share of Class A Common Stock that is Outstanding in his, her or its name on the books of the Corporation on the applicable Record Date.
(c)    On any date on which the Ares Ownership Condition is satisfied, each Record Holder of Class B Common Stock shall have, for each share of Class B Common Stock that is Outstanding in his, her or its name on the books of the Corporation on the applicable Record Date, a number of votes equal to:
(i)    The difference of (x) four times the aggregate number of votes attributable to the Outstanding Class A Common Stock minus (y) the aggregate number of votes attributable to the Outstanding Class C Common Stock, in each case on the applicable Record Date, divided by
(ii)    the number of shares of Outstanding Class B Common Stock on the applicable Record Date.
(d)    Unless otherwise required by law, on any date on which the Ares Ownership Condition is not satisfied, shares of Class B Common Stock shall not be (i) entitled to vote on any matter or (ii) considered to be Outstanding when sending notices of a meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to vote on any matter, calculating required votes or determining the presence of a quorum under this Certificate of Incorporation or the DGCL.
(e)    The Original Class C Common Stockholder shall have, for each share of Class C Common Stock that is Outstanding in its name on the books of the Corporation on the applicable Record Date, a number of votes equal to:
(i)    the product of (x) the total number of Ares Operating Group Units held of record by each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner that does not own a share of Class C Common Stock (other than the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries) multiplied by (y) the Exchange Rate, divided by
(ii)    the number of shares of Class C Common Stock that are Outstanding in its name on the books of the Corporation on the applicable Record Date.
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(f)    Each Record Holder of Class C Common Stock (other than the Original Class C Common Stockholder) shall have, for each share of Class C Common Stock that is Outstanding in his, her or its name on the books of the Corporation on the applicable Record Date, a number of votes equal to:
(i)    the product of (x) the total number of Ares Operating Group Units held of record by such holder multiplied by (y) the Exchange Rate, divided by
(ii)    the number of shares of Class C Common Stock that are Outstanding in his, her or its name on the books of the Corporation on the applicable Record Date.
(g)    The number of votes to which each holder of Class C Common Stock shall be entitled shall be adjusted accordingly if (i) a stockholder of the Corporation holding Class A Common Stock, as such, becomes entitled to a number of votes other than one for each share of Outstanding Class A Common Stock held or (ii) under the terms of the Exchange Agreement the holders of Ares Operating Group Units party thereto become entitled to exchange each such Ares Operating Group Unit for a number of shares of Class A Common Stock other than one. In addition to any other vote required by the DGCL or this Certificate of Incorporation, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Outstanding Class C Common Stock, voting separately as a class, shall be required to alter, amend or repeal (or to adopt any provision inconsistent with) Section 5.02(e), Section 5.02(f) or this Section 5.02(g).
(h)    If a Record Holder of Class C Common Stock, other than the Original Class C Common Stockholder, shall cease to be a record holder of an Ares Operating Group Unit, the shares of Class C Common Stock held by such Record Holder shall be automatically cancelled without any further action of any Person, and such Record Holder shall cease to be a stockholder of the Corporation with respect to the shares of Class C Common Stock so cancelled. The determination by the Board of Directors as to whether a Record Holder of Class C Common Stock is a record holder of an Ares Operating Group Unit or remains the Record Holder of such Class C Common Stock, shall be made in its sole discretion, which determination shall be conclusive and binding.
Section 5.03    Dividends. Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of Preferred Stock, dividends may be declared and paid ratably on the Class A Common Stock and the Non-Voting Common Stock out of the assets of the Corporation that are legally available for this purpose at such times and in such amounts as the Board of Directors in its discretion shall determine. If a dividend is declared or paid with respect to the Class A Common Stock, then the Board of Directors shall declare and pay an equivalent dividend, on a per share basis, with respect to the Non-Voting Common Stock. If the Board of Directors declares or pays a dividend with respect to the Non-Voting Common Stock, then the Board of Directors shall declare and pay an equivalent dividend, on a per share basis, with respect to the Class A Common Stock. If a Stock Dividend with respect to the Class A Common Stock consists of shares of, or rights, options or warrants to purchase or otherwise acquire, Class A Common Stock, then the equivalent Stock Dividend with respect to the Non-Voting Common Stock shall consist of shares of, or rights, option or warrants to purchase or otherwise acquire, Non-Voting Common Stock. Dividends shall not be declared or paid on the Class B Common Stock or the Class C Common Stock.
Section 5.04    Liquidation. Upon a Dissolution Event, after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Corporation and subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of Preferred Stock, the holders of Class A Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock shall be entitled to receive the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Class A Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock held by
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them. The holders of Class B Common Stock and the holders of Class C Common Stock shall not be entitled to receive any assets of the Corporation in the event of any dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Corporation.
Section 5.05    Shares Reserved for Issuance. The Corporation shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock such number of shares of Class A Common Stock that shall from time to time be sufficient to effect (a) the exchange of Ares Operating Group Units pursuant to the Exchange Agreement and (b) the conversion of all outstanding shares of Non-Voting Common Stock. Nothing contained herein shall preclude the Corporation from satisfying its obligations in respect of the exchange of the Ares Operating Group Units or the conversion of shares of Non-Voting Common Stock by delivery of purchased shares of Class A Common Stock that are held in the treasury of the Corporation.
Section 5.06    Conversion of Non-Voting Common Stock.
(a)    Effective immediately upon any Widely Dispersed Offering, each share of Non-Voting Common Stock so transferred shall automatically be converted into one share of Class A Common Stock. As of the close of business on the date of conversion, shares of Non-Voting Common Stock converted in accordance with this Section 5.06 shall not be deemed to be outstanding for any purpose and holders of converted Non-Voting Common Stock shall have no rights with respect to the Non-Voting Common Stock so converted, other than the right to receive the shares of Class A Common Stock (and cash in lieu of any fractional shares thereof, if any) or other securities issuable upon conversion of such Non-Voting Common Stock. Prior to the close of business on the date of conversion with respect to any share of Non-Voting Common Stock, shares of Class A Common Stock (or other securities) issuable upon conversion thereof shall not be deemed to be outstanding for any purpose and the holder of the to be converted shares of Non-Voting Common Stock shall have no rights or powers with respect to the Class A Common Stock into which such Non-Voting Common Stock shall be converted (including voting power) by virtue of holding such shares of Non-Voting Common Stock. Shares of Non-Voting Common Stock converted in accordance with this Section 5.06 shall automatically be retired and shall resume the status of authorized but unissued Non-Voting Common Stock, available for future issuance.
(b)    As promptly as practicable following any Widely Dispersed Offering, the transferor of the converted shares of Non-Voting Common Stock shall provide each of the Corporation and the Transfer Agent a written notice of the conversion of shares of Non-Voting Common Stock for shares of Class A Common Stock (a “Notice of Conversion”). In addition to any information required by applicable law or regulation, the Notice of Conversion shall state (x) the number of shares of Non-Voting Common Stock so converted in such conversion and (y) the name in which shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued upon such conversion should be registered. No later than three Business Days following delivery of the Notice of Conversion to the Corporation, (i) the Corporation shall deliver a countersigned copy of the Notice of Conversion to the office of the Transfer Agent during normal business hours and (ii) the transferor of the shares of Non-Voting Common Stock shall (a) deliver to the Transfer Agent and the Corporation an instrument of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Corporation and to the Transfer Agent, duly executed by such transferor of the shares of Non-Voting Common Stock so converted, or his, her or its duly authorized attorney, (b) furnish such other endorsements or transfer documents as may be reasonably requested by the Corporation or the Transfer Agent and (c) pay any applicable transfer and similar taxes (unless provision satisfactory to the Corporation is otherwise made therefor), if required. No later than three Business Days following the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the immediately preceding sentence, the Corporation shall issue and deliver or cause to be issued
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and delivered security entitlements or evidence of book-entry notations representing shares of Class A Common Stock to the recipient(s) specified in the Notice of Conversion or such recipient’s designee.
(c)    All shares of Class A Common Stock delivered upon conversion of the Non-Voting Common Stock shall be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and clear of all liens, security interests, charges and other encumbrances (other than liens, security interests, charges and other encumbrances resulting from actions of the transferee, and any transfer restrictions arising under applicable securities laws).
Section 5.07    Reorganization Event.
(a)    So long as any shares of Non-Voting Common Stock are Outstanding, if there occurs any (i) consolidation, merger or other similar business combination of the Corporation with or into another Person, in each case, pursuant to which the Class A Common Stock will be converted into cash, securities or other property of the Corporation or another Person, (ii) sale, transfer, lease or conveyance to another Person of all or substantially all of the property or assets of the Corporation, in each case, pursuant to which the Class A Common Stock will be converted into cash, securities or other property of the Corporation or another Person or (iii) change, including by capital reorganization, reclassification or otherwise (other than a transaction resulting in an adjustment pursuant to Section 4.03(d)), of the Class A Common Stock into any other securities (any such event, a “Reorganization Event”), then, effective as of the consummation of such Reorganization Event, each Outstanding share of Non-Voting Common Stock shall remain Outstanding or shall be converted into a substantially identical non-voting security (with commensurate voting powers and conversion rights as the Non-Voting Common Stock have under this Certificate of Incorporation) of the Person surviving such Reorganization Event or other Person in which holders of shares of Class A Common Stock receive securities in connection with such Reorganization Event. In each case, each such share of Non-Voting Common Stock or substantially identical non-voting security shall not be convertible into Class A Common Stock, but rather shall be convertible into the type and amount of securities, cash and other property to which a holder of one share of Class A Common Stock would have been entitled to receive upon such Reorganization Event.
(b)    If holders of shares of Class A Common Stock have the opportunity to elect the form of consideration to be received in any Reorganization Event, the holders of Non-Voting Common Stock shall be entitled to participate in such elections as if they had converted all of their Non-Voting Common Stock into Class A Common Stock immediately prior to the election deadline.
(c)    For the avoidance of doubt, nothing set forth herein shall prohibit the Corporation from entering into or consummating a transaction constituting a Reorganization Event, so long as the Non-Voting Common Stock is treated as set forth in this Section 5.07.
Section 5.08    Common Stock Repurchase Transactions. If the Corporation makes (a) an offer to repurchase shares of Class A Common Stock from all of the holders thereof, or (b) a tender offer for any shares of Class A Common Stock, the Corporation shall also offer to repurchase or make a tender offer for, as applicable, shares of Non-Voting Common Stock pro rata based upon the number of shares of Class A Common Stock the holders of shares of Non-Voting Common Stock would be entitled to receive if such shares were converted into shares of Class A Common Stock immediately prior to such repurchase and otherwise on terms that would provide the holders of the Non-Voting Common Stock consideration and other terms equivalent to the terms offered to the holders of Class A Common Stock assuming the Non-Voting Common Stock were so converted.
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Article VI
BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Section 6.01    General. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.

Section 6.02    [Reserved.].
Section 6.03    Number of Directors; Election and Removal of Directors. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock:
(a)    The number of directors of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors. Other than directors who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, each director shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders for the election of directors. Each director shall hold office for the term for which such director is elected and thereafter until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.
(b)    Vacancies. Any newly created directorship or any vacancy on the Board of Directors that results from the death, resignation or removal of any director shall be filled
(i)    unless clause (b)(ii)(x), (y) or (z) applies, by a vote of the majority of the remaining directors, even if less than a quorum (which majority must include Ressler until the occurrence of a Ressler Termination Event), or (ii) if (x) the Ares Ownership Condition is not satisfied, (y) no directors are remaining, or (z) the Ares Ownership Condition is satisfied, a Ressler Termination Event has not occurred, and Ressler is not a director, by a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders entitled to vote for the election of directors.
Any director elected to fill a vacancy not resulting from a newly created directorship shall hold office for the remaining term of his or her predecessor and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified, subject to his or her earlier death, resignation or removal.
(c)    Removal. Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed:
(i)    on any date on which the Ares Ownership Condition is satisfied, at any time, with or without cause, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Outstanding capital stock then entitled to vote at an election of directors; and (ii) on any date on which the Ares Ownership Condition is not satisfied and the Board of Directors is classified as provided in Section 6.04(b), only (A) with cause, at a meeting of the stockholders upon the affirmative vote of Record Holders holding a majority of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock and (B) to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, if, at the same meeting, Record Holders holding a majority of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock (1) nominate a replacement director (and any such nomination shall not be subject to the nomination procedures otherwise set forth in Section 2.03 of the Bylaws) and (2) also vote to elect a replacement director.

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Section 6.04    Classes of Directors; Quorum; Actions by the Board of Directors.

(a)    On January 31 of any year, if the Ares Ownership Condition is satisfied:

(i)    The classification of the directors as Class A Directors, Class B Directors and Class C Directors, if any, shall cease, automatically and without further action on the part of the Corporation or any other Person.
(ii)    The directors shall be divided into the following classes (unless the Board of Directors is already classified in accordance with this Section 6.04(a)):
(iii)    If Ressler is a director, he shall be a Class I director (the “Class I Director”) until the occurrence of a Ressler Termination Event. Upon the occurrence of any Ressler Termination Event, Ressler shall automatically, and without further action on the part of the Corporation or any other Person, be reclassified as a Class II Director.
(iv)    All other directors, including any Ressler Successor and any Preferred Directors, shall be Class II Directors (the “Class II Directors”).
(b)    Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock, on January 31 of any year, if the Ares Ownership Condition is not satisfied:
(i)    The classification of the directors as Class I Directors or Class II Directors shall cease, automatically and without further action on the part of the Corporation or any other Person.
(ii)    The directors shall be divided into three classes, Class A, Class B, and Class C. Unless the Board of Directors already is classified in accordance with this Section 6.04(b), the Board of Directors may assign members of the Board of Directors already in office to such classes at the time of such classification. The number of directors in each class shall be the whole number contained in the quotient arrived at by dividing the authorized number of directors by three, and if a fraction is also contained in such quotient, then if such fraction is one-third, the extra director shall be a member of Class A and if the fraction is two-thirds, one of the extra directors shall be a member of Class A and the other shall be a member of Class B. The directors designated to Class A by the Board of Directors shall serve for an initial term that expires at the applicable Initial Annual Meeting. The directors designated to Class B by the Board of Directors shall serve for an initial term that expires at the first annual meeting of stockholders following the applicable Initial Annual Meeting. The directors designated to Class C by the Board of Directors shall serve for an initial term that expires at the second annual meeting of stockholders following the applicable Initial Annual Meeting. At each succeeding annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors following an Initial Annual Meeting, successors to the directors whose term expires at that annual meeting shall be elected for a three-year term.
(iii)    If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes of directors so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any additional director of any class elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in such class shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the
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remaining term of that class. A decrease in the number of directors will not shorten the term of any incumbent director.
(c)    Any act of the Board of Directors shall require the approval of a majority of the directors, which, until the occurrence of a Ressler Termination Event, must also include the Class I Director (if any).
(d)    In addition to the requirements under applicable law and the Bylaws, a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors shall require a majority of the then total number of directors, which, until the occurrence of a Ressler Termination Event, must also include the Class I Director (if any).
Section 6.05    Committees.
(a)    The Board of Directors may, by resolution or resolutions, designate one or more committees. Each committee shall consist of one or more of the directors, which, to the extent provided in such resolution or resolutions, shall have and may exercise, subject to applicable law, this Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws, the powers and authority of the Board of Directors.
(b)    Unless otherwise provided in the applicable resolution or resolutions creating the committee, for any committee which has the Class I Director among its members:
(i)    Any act of such committee shall require the approval of a majority of the directors constituting such committee, which, until the occurrence of a Ressler Termination Event, must also include the Class I Director (if any).
(ii)    In addition to the requirements under applicable law and the Bylaws, a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of such committee shall consist of a majority of the directors serving on any such committee, which, until the occurrence of a Ressler Termination Event, must also include the Class I Director (if any).
Article VII
CERTIFICATES; RECORD HOLDERS; TRANSFER OF STOCK OF THE CORPORATION

Section 7.01    Certificates. Notwithstanding anything otherwise to the contrary herein, unless the Board of Directors shall provide by resolution or resolutions otherwise in respect of some or all of any or all classes or series of stock of the Corporation, the stock of the Corporation shall not be evidenced by certificates. Certificates that may be issued shall be executed on behalf of the Corporation by any two duly authorized officers of the Corporation. No Certificate evidencing shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock shall be valid for any purpose until it has been countersigned by the Transfer Agent; provided, that if the Board of Directors resolves to issue Certificates evidencing shares of Class A Common Stock, Non-Voting Common Stock, or Preferred Stock in global form, the Certificates evidencing such shares of Class A Common Stock, Non-Voting Common Stock, or Preferred Stock shall be valid upon receipt of a certificate from the Transfer Agent certifying that the Certificates evidencing such shares of Class A Common Stock, Non-Voting Common Stock, or Preferred Stock have been duly registered in accordance with the directions of the Corporation. The use of facsimile signatures affixed in the name and on behalf of the Transfer Agent on Certificates, if any, representing shares of stock of the Corporation is expressly permitted by this Certificate of Incorporation.
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Section 7.02    Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Certificates.
(a)    If any mutilated Certificate evidencing shares of stock of the Corporation is surrendered to the Transfer Agent, two authorized officers of the Corporation shall execute, and, if applicable, the Transfer Agent shall countersign and deliver in exchange therefor, a new Certificate evidencing the same number and class of stock as the Certificate so surrendered.
(b)    Any two authorized officers of the Corporation shall execute and deliver, and, if applicable, the Transfer Agent shall countersign a new Certificate in place of any Certificate previously issued if the Record Holder of the Certificate:
(i)    makes proof by affidavit, in form and substance satisfactory to the Corporation, that a previously issued Certificate has been lost, destroyed or stolen;
(ii)    requests the issuance of a new Certificate before the Corporation has notice that the Certificate has been acquired by a purchaser for value in good faith and without notice of an adverse claim;
(iii)    if requested by the Corporation, delivers to the Corporation a bond, in form and substance satisfactory to the Corporation, with surety or sureties and with fixed or open penalty as the Corporation may direct to indemnify the Corporation, the stockholders and, if applicable, the Transfer Agent against any claim that may be made on account of the alleged loss, destruction or theft of the Certificate; and (iv) satisfies any other reasonable requirements imposed by the Corporation.
(c)    As a condition to the issuance of any new Certificate under this Section 7.02, the Corporation may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Transfer Agent, if applicable) connected therewith.
Section 7.03    Record Holders. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the Record Holder as the owner with respect to any share of stock of the Corporation and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share on the part of any other Person, regardless of whether the Corporation shall have actual or other notice thereof, except as otherwise required by law or any applicable rule, regulation, guideline or requirement of any National Securities Exchange on which such shares are listed for trading. Without limiting the foregoing, when a Person (such as a broker, dealer, bank, trust company or clearing corporation or an agent of any of the foregoing) is acting as nominee, agent or in some other representative capacity for another Person in acquiring or holding shares of stock of the Corporation, as between the Corporation, on the one hand, and such other Persons, on the other, such representative Person shall be the Record Holder of such shares.
Section 7.04    Transfer Generally.
(a)    The term “transfer” (A) with respect to any share of Class B Common Stock, means a sale, assignment, gift, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation, mortgage, exchange or any other disposition by law or otherwise, (B) with respect to shares of any other stock of the Corporation, means a sale, assignment, gift, exchange or any other disposition by law or otherwise, including any transfer upon foreclosure of any pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation or mortgage, and (C) in Section 7.06 with respect to a share of any stock of the Corporation, shall mean a transaction that causes any Person to acquire
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beneficial ownership, or any agreement to enter into such transactions or cause any such acquisitions, of Common Stock or the right to vote or receive dividends on Common Stock.
(b)    No shares of stock of the Corporation shall be transferred, in whole or in part, except in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Article VII. Any transfer or purported transfer of any shares of stock of the Corporation not made in accordance with this Article VII shall be null and void.
(c)    Nothing contained in this Certificate of Incorporation shall prevent or restrict a disposition by any Person of any or all of the issued and outstanding equity or other interests in a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock.
Section 7.05    Registration and Transfer of Stock.
(a)    The Corporation shall keep (or cause to be kept on behalf of the Corporation) a stock ledger in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe and subject to the provisions of Section 7.05(b), the Corporation will provide for the registration and transfer of stock of the Corporation. The Corporation shall not recognize transfers of Certificates evidencing shares of stock of the Corporation unless such transfers are effected in the manner described in this Section 7.05. Upon surrender of a Certificate for registration of transfer of any shares of stock of the Corporation evidenced by a Certificate, subject to the provisions of Section 7.05(b), any two authorized officers of the Corporation shall execute and deliver, and in the case of Class A Common Stock, Non-Voting Common Stock and Preferred Stock, the Transfer Agent shall countersign and deliver, in the name of the holder or the designated transferee or transferees, as required pursuant to the holder’s instructions, one or more new Certificates evidencing the same aggregate number and type of stock of the Corporation as was evidenced by the Certificate so surrendered.
(b)    The Corporation shall not recognize any transfer of shares of stock of the Corporation evidenced by Certificates until the Certificates evidencing such shares of stock are surrendered for registration of transfer. No charge shall be imposed by the Corporation for such transfer. As a condition to the recognition of such transfer and the issuance of any Certificate under this Section 7.05, the Corporation may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed with respect thereto.
(c)    Subject to (i) the foregoing provisions of this Section 7.05, (ii) Section 7.03, (iii) Section 7.04, (iv) Section 7.06, (v) with respect to any series of stock of the Corporation, the provisions of any Certificate of Designation or amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation establishing such series, and Article XX, (vi) any contractual provisions binding on any holder of shares of stock of the Corporation, and (vii) provisions of applicable law including the Securities Act, the stock of the Corporation shall be freely transferable. Stock of the Corporation may also be subject to any transfer restrictions contained in any employee related policies or equity benefit plans, programs or practices adopted on behalf of the Corporation.
Section 7.06    Additional Restrictions on Transfers.
(a)    Except as provided in Section 7.06(b) below, but notwithstanding the other provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation, no transfer of any shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made if such transfer would (i) violate the then applicable U.S. federal or state securities laws or rules and regulations of the Commission, any U.S. state securities commission, or any other governmental authority
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with jurisdiction over such transfer, or (ii) terminate the existence or qualification of the Corporation under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation.
(b)    Nothing contained in this Certificate of Incorporation shall preclude the settlement of any transactions involving shares of stock of the Corporation entered into through the facilities of any National Securities Exchange on which such shares of stock are listed for trading.
(c)    The restrictions on the transfer of any shares of stock of the Corporation contained herein shall be in addition to restrictions on the transfer of shares of stock of the Corporation applicable to a stockholder pursuant to the terms of any Supplemental Agreement.
Section 7.07    Forfeiture.
(a)    Stock of the Corporation owned by a stockholder is subject to forfeiture or cancellation as set forth in any Supplemental Agreement applicable to such stockholder.
(b)    If any Ares Owners Class Issuer Units are forfeited or cancelled for no consideration, a number of shares of Class A Common Stock held by Ares Owners LP equal to the product of the number of Ares Owners Class Issuer Units so forfeited or cancelled multiplied by the Corresponding Rate shall be automatically forfeited or cancelled.
(c)    Upon the forfeiture of any shares of Class A Common Stock in accordance with this Section 7.07, such shares of Class A Common Stock shall be cancelled, the Corporation shall have no obligations with respect to such shares of Class A Common Stock and the Corporation shall modify its books and records to reflect such forfeiture and cancellation.
Article VIII
DISPOSITION OF THE CORPORATION’S ASSETS

Except as provided in Section 5.04 and Article IX, the Corporation may not sell or exchange all or substantially all of the Corporate Group’s assets, taken as a whole, in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, without a vote of the Record Holders of a majority of the voting power of (a) so long as the Ares Ownership Condition is satisfied, the Outstanding Class B Common Stock, voting separately as a class and (b) the Outstanding Designated Stock, voting together as a single class. This Article VIII shall not preclude or limit the Corporation’s ability to mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or grant a security interest in any or all of the assets of the Corporate Group (including for the benefit of Persons other than the members of the Corporate Group, including Affiliates of a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock), including, in each case, pursuant to any forced sale of any or all of the assets of the Corporate Group pursuant to the foreclosure of, or other realization upon, any such encumbrance.
Article IX
MERGER

Section 9.01    Authority. The Corporation may merge or consolidate or otherwise combine with or into one or more corporations, limited liability companies, general or limited partnerships (including limited liability partnerships and limited liability limited partnerships), statutory trusts or associations, real estate investment trusts, common law trusts, unincorporated businesses or other Persons permitted by
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the DGCL, in each case pursuant to a Merger Agreement in accordance with this Article IX and the DGCL (a “Business Combination”).
Section 9.02    Class B Stockholders Approval. So long as the Ares Ownership Condition is satisfied, each Merger Agreement and the Business Combination contemplated thereby shall require the prior approval of Record Holders of a majority of the Outstanding Class B Common Stock, voting separately as a class. To the fullest extent permitted by law, no Record Holder of Class B Common Stock (a) shall have any duty or obligation to consent to any Business Combination, (b) may decline to do so free of any duty or obligation whatsoever (including any fiduciary duty) to the Corporation, any stockholder, any other Person bound by this Certificate of Incorporation or any creditor of the Corporation and (c) in declining to consent to a Business Combination, shall not be required to act pursuant to any other standard imposed by this Certificate of Incorporation, any other agreement contemplated hereby or under the DGCL or any other law, rule or regulation or at equity.
Section 9.03    Other Stockholder Approval. Except as provided in Section 9.03(d) and subject to Article XX and any Certificate of Designation,
(a)    Upon the approval of a Merger Agreement and the Business Combination contemplated thereby by (i) the Board of Directors and (ii) so long as the Ares Ownership Condition is satisfied, the Record Holders of a majority of the Outstanding Class B Common Stock in accordance with Section 9.02, the Board of Directors shall direct that the Merger Agreement and the Business Combination contemplated thereby be submitted to a vote of the Record Holders of Outstanding Designated Stock, whether at an annual meeting, special meeting or by written consent, in either case in accordance with the requirements of Article XVI and the DGCL. A copy or a summary of the Merger Agreement shall be included in or enclosed with the notice of a meeting or the action by written consent.
(b)    The Merger Agreement and the Business Combination contemplated thereby shall be adopted and approved upon receiving the affirmative vote or consent of the Record Holders of a majority of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock.
(c)    After such approval by vote or consent of the Record Holders of a majority of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock, and at any time prior to the filing of the certificate of merger or consolidation or similar certificate with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in conformity with the requirements of the DGCL, the Business Combination may be abandoned pursuant to provisions therefor, if any, set forth in the Merger Agreement.
(d)    Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, except as otherwise provided by the DGCL, the Corporation may, without any vote of holders of Designated Stock, merge the Corporation into, or convey all of the Corporation’s assets to, a newly formed limited liability entity that has no assets, liabilities or operations at the time of such merger or conveyance other than those (i) it receives from the Corporation or (ii) arising from its incorporation or formation if (A) the Corporation has received an Opinion of Counsel that the merger or conveyance, as the case may be, would not result in the loss of the limited liability of any stockholder, (B) the sole purpose of such merger or conveyance is to effect a change in the legal form of the Corporation into another limited liability entity and (C) the governing instruments of the new entity provide the stockholders with substantially the same rights and obligations as are herein contained.
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Section 9.04    Preferred Stock. Holders of Preferred Stock shall have no voting, approval or consent rights under this Article IX. Voting, approval and consent rights of holders of Preferred Stock shall be solely as provided for, and set forth in, Article XX, any Certificate of Designation and the DGCL.
Article X
RIGHT TO ACQUIRE STOCK OF THE CORPORATION

Section 10.01    Right to Acquire Stock of the Corporation.
(a)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, if at any time either:
(i)    less than 10% of the total shares of any class then outstanding (other than Class B Common Stock, Class C Common Stock, Non-Voting Common Stock and Preferred Stock) is held by Persons other than Record Holders of Class B Common Stock, Holdco Members or their respective Affiliates; or (ii) the Corporation is required to register as an investment company under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, the Corporation shall then have the right, which right it may assign and transfer in whole or in part to any Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or any of its Affiliates, exercisable in such Person’s sole discretion, to purchase all, but not less than all, of such shares of such class then outstanding held by Persons other than Record Holders of Class B Common Stock or any of their Affiliates, at a price (the “Purchase Price”) equal to the greater of (x) the Current Market Price as of the date three days prior to the date that the notice described in Section 10.01(b) is mailed and (y) the highest price paid by the Corporation (or any of its Affiliates acting in concert with the Corporation) for any such share of such class purchased during the 90-day period preceding the date that the notice described in Section 10.01(b) is mailed.
(b)    If the Corporation or any Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or any of its Affiliates (as applicable, the “Purchaser”) elects to exercise the right to purchase stock of the Corporation granted pursuant to Section 10.01(a), the Corporation shall (i) deliver to the Transfer Agent notice of such election to purchase (the “Notice of Election to Purchase”) and (ii) cause the Transfer Agent to mail a copy of such Notice of Election to Purchase to the Record Holders of shares of such class (as of a Record Date selected by the Corporation) at least 10, but not more than 60, days prior to the Purchase Date. Such Notice of Election to Purchase shall (i) be published for a period of at least three consecutive days in at least two daily newspapers of general circulation printed in the English language and circulated in the Borough of Manhattan, New York City, (ii) specify the Purchase Date and the Purchase Price and (iii) state that the Purchaser elects to purchase such stock of the Corporation (in the case of stock evidenced by Certificates, upon surrender of Certificates representing such stock) in exchange for payment at such office or offices of the Transfer Agent as the Transfer Agent may specify or as may be required by any National Securities Exchange on which such stock is listed or admitted to trading. Any such Notice of Election to Purchase mailed to a Record Holder at his or her address as reflected in the records of the Transfer Agent shall be conclusively presumed to have been given regardless of whether the owner receives such notice.
(c)    On or prior to the Purchase Date, the Purchaser shall deposit cash with the Transfer Agent in an amount sufficient to pay the aggregate purchase price of all of such stock to be purchased in accordance with this Section 10.01. If (i) the Notice of Election to Purchase shall have been duly given at least 10 days prior to the Purchase Date and (ii) on or prior to the Purchase Date the deposit described in
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the preceding sentence has been made for the benefit of the stockholders subject to purchase as provided herein, then from and after the Purchase Date, notwithstanding that any Certificate shall not have been surrendered for purchase, all rights of such stockholders of the Corporation shall thereupon cease, except the right to receive the Purchase Price therefor, without interest (in the case of stock evidenced by Certificates, upon surrender to the Transfer Agent of the Certificates representing such stock) and such stock shall thereupon be deemed to be transferred to the Purchaser on the record books of the Transfer Agent and the Corporation and, from and after the Purchase Date the Purchaser shall be deemed to be, and shall have all rights as, the owner of such stock of the Corporation.
Article XI
AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

Section 11.01    Amendments to be Approved by the Class B Stockholders. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, except as otherwise expressly provided by applicable law, Article XX or any Certificate of Designation, so long as the Ares Ownership Condition is satisfied, the Record Holders of Class B Common Stock shall have the sole right to vote on any amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation proposed by the Board of Directors that:
(a)    the Board of Directors has determined
(i)    is necessary or appropriate in connection with action taken pursuant to Section 4.03,
(ii)    based on the advice of counsel, is necessary or appropriate to prevent the Corporation or the Indemnitees from having a material risk of being in any manner subjected to registration under the provisions of the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, the U.S. Investment Advisers Act of 1940, or “plan asset” regulations adopted under the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, regardless of whether such are substantially similar to plan asset regulations currently applied or proposed by the United States Department of Labor, or (iii) is necessary or appropriate to cure any ambiguity, omission, mistake, defect or inconsistency;
(b)    is expressly permitted in this Certificate of Incorporation to be voted on solely by the Record Holders of Class B Common Stock; or
(c)    reflects a merger or conveyance pursuant to Section 9.03(d).
No Record Holder or beneficial owner of Class B Common Stock shall have any duty or obligation to consent to any amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation and may decline to do so in its sole and absolute discretion.
Section 11.02    Amendment Requirements.
(a)    Except as provided in Articles IV and XX, Section 5.02(a), Section 11.01, subsections (b) through (f) of this Section 11.02, and the DGCL, any amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation shall require the approval of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock, unless a greater or lesser percentage is required under the DGCL. Amendments to this Certificate of Incorporation may only be proposed to stockholders for adoption thereby by the Board of Directors. If such an amendment is proposed, the Board of Directors shall seek the written or electronic approval of the requisite percentage of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock or call a meeting of the
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holders of Designated Stock to consider and vote on such proposed amendment, in each case, in accordance with the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation and the DGCL. The Corporation shall notify all Record Holders upon final adoption of any such proposed amendments.
(b)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, no amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws may (i) enlarge the obligations of any Record Holder of Common Stock without its consent, unless such enlargement may be deemed to have occurred as a result of an amendment approved pursuant to Section 11.02(c), or (ii) enlarge the obligations of, restrict in any way any action by or rights (including, but not limited to, voting power) of, or reduce in any way the amounts distributable, reimbursable or otherwise payable to any Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or any of its Affiliates, without such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock’s consent, which consent may be given or withheld in its sole discretion.
(c)    Except as provided in Sections 9.03 and 11.01 and Article XX, any amendment that would have a material adverse effect on the rights or preferences of any class of stock of the Corporation in relation to other classes of stock of the Corporation must be approved by the holders of not less than a majority of the Outstanding stock of the class affected.
(d)    In addition to any other approvals or consents that may be required by this Certificate of Incorporation, the definition of “Ares Ownership Condition” may not be amended, altered, changed, repealed or rescinded in any respect without the approval of Record Holders of a majority of the Outstanding Class B Common Stock.
(e)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, except for amendments adopted pursuant to Section 11.01 or as otherwise provided by Article IX, no amendment shall become effective without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least 90% of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock unless the Corporation obtains an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that such amendment will not affect the limited liability of any stockholder under the DGCL.
(f)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, no provision of this Certificate of Incorporation that requires the vote of the holders of a percentage of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock to take any action shall be amended, altered, changed, repealed or rescinded in any respect that would have the effect of reducing such percentage unless such amendment is approved by the written consent or the affirmative vote of stockholders whose aggregate Outstanding Designated Stock constitutes not less than the voting or consent requirement sought to be reduced.
Section 11.03    Preferred Stock. Holders of Preferred Stock shall have no voting, approval or consent rights under this Article XI. Voting, approval and consent rights of holders of Preferred Stock shall be solely as provided for and set forth in Article XX, any Certificate of Designation and the DGCL.
Article XII
BYLAWS

Section 12.01    Bylaws. In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by the DGCL, except as expressly provided in this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, amend and repeal, in whole or in part, the Bylaws without the assent or vote of the stockholders in any manner not inconsistent with the DGCL or this Certificate of Incorporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any adoption, amendment or repeal of the Bylaws that
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amends, repeals or otherwise alters any provisions of the Bylaws concerning the nomination of directors or proposal of other business at a meeting of stockholders, including Sections 2.02 and 2.03 thereof, shall require the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock.
Section 12.02    Class B Stockholder Approval. In addition to any vote or consent required by this Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws or applicable law, so long as the Ares Ownership Condition is satisfied, the amendment or repeal, in whole or in part, of Sections 3.02 through 3.14, Article IV or Article VIII of the Bylaws, or the adoption of any provision inconsistent therewith, shall require the approval of Record Holders holding a majority of the Outstanding Class B Common Stock.
Article XIII
OUTSIDE ACTIVITIES

Section 13.01    Outside Activities.
(a)    To the fullest extent permitted by law, each Record Holder of Class B Common Stock, for so long as it owns Class B Common Stock, (i) agrees that its sole business will be to act as a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock and as a general partner or managing member of any partnership or limited liability company of which the Corporation is, directly or indirectly, a partner, managing member, trustee or stockholder and to undertake activities that are ancillary or related thereto (including being a stockholder of the Corporation) and (ii) shall not engage in any business or activity or incur any debts or liabilities except in connection with or incidental to (A) its performance as a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock and as a general partner, managing member, trustee or stockholder of one or more Group Members or as described in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or (B) the acquiring, owning or disposing of debt or equity securities in any Group Member.
(b)    Except insofar as a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock is specifically restricted by Section 13.01(a) and except with respect to any corporate opportunity expressly offered to any Indemnitee solely through their service to the Corporate Group, to the fullest extent permitted by law, each Indemnitee shall have the right to engage in businesses of every type and description and other activities for profit and to engage in and possess an interest in other business ventures of any and every type or description, whether in businesses engaged in or anticipated to be engaged in by any Group Member, independently or with others, including business interests and activities in direct competition with the business and activities of any Group Member, and none of the same shall constitute a violation of this Certificate of Incorporation or any duty otherwise existing at law, in equity or otherwise to any Group Member, any stockholder of the Corporation or any Person who acquires an interest in the stock of the Corporation. Nothing in this Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to supersede any other agreement to which an Indemnitee may be party restricting such Indemnitee’s ability to have certain business interests or engage in certain business activities or ventures. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, but subject to the immediately preceding sentence, no Group Member or any stockholder of the Corporation shall have any rights by virtue of this Certificate of Incorporation, the DGCL or otherwise in any business interests, activities or ventures of any Indemnitee, and the Corporation hereby waives and renounces any interest or expectancy therein.
Section 13.02    Approval and Waiver. Subject to the terms of Section 13.01, but otherwise notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Certificate of Incorporation and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, (i) the engagement in competitive activities by any Indemnitee (other than a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock) in accordance with the provisions of this Article XIII is hereby
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deemed approved by the Corporation, all stockholders and all Persons acquiring an interest in the stock of the Corporation, (ii) it shall not be a breach of any Indemnitee’s duties or any other obligation of any type whatsoever of any Indemnitee if an Indemnitee (other than a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock) engages in any such business interests or activities in preference to or to the exclusion of any Group Member, (iii) no Indemnitee shall have any obligation hereunder or as a result of any duty otherwise existing at law, in equity or otherwise to present business opportunities to any Group Member, (iv) the Corporation hereby waives and renounces any interest or expectancy in such activities such that the doctrine of “corporate opportunity” or other analogous doctrine shall not apply to any Indemnitee, and (v) no Indemnitee shall be liable to the Corporation, any stockholder of the Corporation or any other Person who acquires an interest in the stock of the Corporation, by reason that such Indemnitee pursues or acquires a business opportunity for itself, directs such opportunity to another Person, does not communicate such opportunity or information to any Group Member or uses information in the possession of a Group Member to acquire or operate a business opportunity.
Section 13.03    Acquisition of Stock. Any Record Holder of Class B Common Stock, any of its Affiliates or Associates, and any Indemnitee may (a) acquire stock of the Corporation, and options, rights, warrants and appreciation rights relating to stock of the Corporation and (b) except as otherwise expressly provided in this Certificate of Incorporation, exercise all rights of a stockholder of the Corporation relating to such stock, options, rights, warrants and appreciation rights.
Article XIV
BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

The Corporation hereby expressly elects not to be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL.
Article XV
INDEMNIFICATION, LIABILITY OF INDEMNITEES

Section 15.01    Indemnification. To the fullest extent permitted by law (including, if and to the extent applicable, Section 145 of the DGCL):
(a)    Subject to the limitations expressly provided for in this Certificate of Incorporation, all Indemnitees shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation on an after tax basis from and against any and all Losses or other amounts arising from any and all threatened, pending or completed Proceedings, in which any Indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, by reason of its status as an Indemnitee, whether arising from acts or omissions to act occurring on, before or after the date of this Certificate of Incorporation. An Indemnitee shall not be indemnified and held harmless pursuant to this Section 15.01, (i) if there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of the matter for which the Indemnitee is seeking indemnification pursuant to this Section 15.01, the Indemnitee acted in bad faith or with criminal intent or (ii) in connection with any Proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such Person unless (x) the commencement of such Proceeding (or part thereof) by such Person was authorized by the Board of Directors or (y) there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that such Person was entitled to indemnification by the Corporation pursuant to Section 15.01(k).
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(b)    The indemnification of an Indemnitee of the type identified in clause (e) of the definition of Indemnitee shall be secondary to any and all indemnification to which such Person is entitled from, firstly, the relevant other Person, and secondly, the relevant Fund (if applicable), and will only be paid if the primary indemnification is not paid and clause (i) of the second sentence of Section 15.01(a) does not apply. No such other Person or Fund shall be entitled to contribution or indemnification from or subrogation against the Corporation, unless otherwise mandated by applicable law. If, notwithstanding the foregoing two sentences, the Corporation makes an indemnification payment or advances expenses to such an Indemnitee entitled to primary indemnification, the Corporation shall be subrogated to the rights of such Indemnitee against the Person or Persons responsible for the primary indemnification.
(c)    Expenses (including legal fees and expenses) incurred by an Indemnitee who is indemnified pursuant to Section 15.01(a) in appearing at, participating in or defending any Proceeding shall, from time to time, be advanced by the Corporation prior to a final and non-appealable determination that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified upon receipt by the Corporation of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay such amount if it ultimately shall be determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified as authorized in this Section 15.01. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section 15.01(k), the Corporation shall be required to indemnify a Person described in such sentence in connection with any Proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such Person only if (x) the commencement of such Proceeding (or part thereof) by such Person was authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion or (y) there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that such Person was entitled to indemnification by the Corporation pursuant to Section 15.01(k).
(d)    The indemnification provided by this Section 15.01 shall be in addition to any other rights to which an Indemnitee may be entitled under any agreement, insurance, pursuant to any vote of the holders of capital stock entitled to vote on such matter, as a matter of law, in equity or otherwise, both as to actions in the Indemnitee’s capacity as an Indemnitee and as to actions in any other capacity, and shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to serve in such capacity.
(e)    The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance, on behalf of the Indemnitees and such other Persons as the Board of Directors shall determine in its sole discretion, against any liability that may be asserted against, or expense that may be incurred by, such Person in connection with the Corporate Group’s activities or such Person’s activities on behalf of the Corporate Group, regardless of whether the Corporate Group would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability under the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation.
(f)    For purposes of this Section 15.01, (i) the Corporation shall be deemed to have requested an Indemnitee to serve as fiduciary of an employee benefit plan whenever the performance by it of its duties to the Corporation also imposes duties on, or otherwise involves services by, it to the plan or participants or beneficiaries of the plan; (ii) excise taxes assessed on an Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan pursuant to applicable law shall constitute “fines” within the meaning of Losses in Section 15.01(a); and (iii) any action taken or omitted by an Indemnitee with respect to any employee benefit plan in the performance of its duties for a purpose reasonably believed by it to be in the best interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plan shall be deemed to be for a purpose that is in the best interests of the Corporation.
(g)    Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 15.01 shall be made only out of the assets of the Corporation. Without limiting the foregoing, the Former General Partner shall not be personally liable for such indemnification and shall have no obligation to contribute or loan any monies or property to the
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Corporation to enable it to effectuate such indemnification. In no event may an Indemnitee subject any stockholders of the Corporation to personal liability by reason of the indemnification provisions set forth in this Certificate of Incorporation.
(h)    An Indemnitee shall not be denied indemnification in whole or in part under this Section 15.01 because the Indemnitee had an interest in the transaction with respect to which the indemnification applies if the transaction was otherwise permitted by the terms of this Certificate of Incorporation.
(i)    The provisions of this Section 15.01 are for the benefit of the Indemnitees and their heirs, successors, assigns, executors and administrators and shall not be deemed to create any rights for the benefit of any other Persons.
(j)    No amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 15.01 or any provision hereof shall in any manner terminate, reduce or impair the right of any past, present or future Indemnitee to be indemnified by the Corporation, nor the obligations of the Corporation to indemnify any such Indemnitee under and in accordance with the provisions of this Section 15.01 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted.
(k)    If a claim for indemnification (following the final disposition of the Proceeding for which indemnification is being sought) or advancement of expenses under this Section 15.01 is not paid in full within 30 days after a written claim therefor by any Indemnitee has been received by the Corporation, such Indemnitee may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expenses of prosecuting such claim, including reasonable attorneys’ fees. In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that such Indemnitee is not entitled to the requested indemnification or advancement of expenses under applicable law.
(l)    This Section 15.01 shall not limit the right of the Corporation, to the extent and in the manner permitted by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to, and purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of, Persons other than Indemnitees.
Section 15.02    Liability of Indemnitees. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Certificate of Incorporation, to the fullest extent permitted by law,
(a)    No Indemnitee shall be liable to the Corporation, the stockholders of the Corporation or any other Persons who have acquired interests in stock of the Corporation, for any Losses or other amounts arising as a result of any act or omission of an Indemnitee, or for any breach of contract (including a violation of this Certificate of Incorporation) or any breach of duties (including breach of fiduciary duties) whether arising hereunder, at law, in equity or otherwise, unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of the matter in question, the Indemnitee acted in bad faith or with criminal intent. The Corporation, the stockholders of the Corporation and any other Person who acquires an interest in the stock of the Corporation, each on their own behalf and on behalf of the Corporation, waives any and all rights to seek punitive damages or other damages based upon any Federal, State or other income (or similar) taxes paid or payable by any such stockholder of the Corporation or other Person.
(b)    No director of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL.
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(c)    Any Indemnitee acting in connection with the Corporation’s business or affairs shall not be liable to the Corporation, to any stockholder, to any Record Holder or to any other Person who acquires an interest in the stock of the Corporation for such Indemnitee’s reliance on the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation.
(d)    Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 15.02 or any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the limitations on the liability of the Indemnitees under this Section 15.02 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted, and provided such Person became an Indemnitee hereunder prior to such amendment, modification or repeal.
Section 15.03    Other Matters Concerning the Class B Stockholders. To the fullest extent permitted by law,
(a)    No Record Holder of Class B Common Stock (i) is under any obligation to consider the separate interests of the other stockholders of the Corporation (including the tax consequences to such stockholders) in deciding whether to cause the Corporation to take (or decline to take) any Determination, or (ii) shall be liable to the other stockholders of the Corporation for monetary damages or equitable relief for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by such stockholders in connection with any Determination.
(b)    Each Record Holder of Class B Common Stock (i) may exercise any of the powers granted to it by this Certificate of Incorporation and perform any of the duties imposed upon it hereunder either directly or by or through its agents, and (ii) shall not be responsible for any misconduct, negligence or wrongdoing on the part of any such agent appointed by such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock in good faith.
(c)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, if any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, including the provisions of this Article XV, purports (i) to restrict or otherwise modify or eliminate the duties (including fiduciary duties), obligations or liabilities of a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock, the Board of Directors, any committee of the Board of Directors (including the Conflicts Committee of the Board of Directors) or any other Indemnitee, in any case otherwise existing at law or in equity, or (ii) to constitute a waiver or consent by the Corporation, the holders of stock of the Corporation, or any other Person who acquires an interest in stock of the Corporation, to any such restriction, modification or elimination, such provision shall be deemed to have been approved by the Corporation, all of the stockholders, and each other Person who has acquired an interest in the Corporation.
(d)    In connection with any action taken with respect to the Corporation, any Indemnitee may (i) rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, debenture or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties, and (ii) consult with legal counsel, accountants, appraisers, management consultants, investment bankers and other consultants and advisers selected by it, and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any act taken or omitted to be taken in reliance upon the advice or opinion (including an Opinion of Counsel) of such Persons as to matters that such Indemnitee reasonably believes to be within such Person’s professional or expert competence shall be conclusively presumed to have been done or omitted in good faith and in accordance with such advice or opinion.
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(e)    The Corporation shall pay, or cause to be paid, all costs, fees, operating expenses and other expenses of the Corporation (including the costs, fees and expenses of attorneys, accountants or other professionals and the compensation of all personnel providing services to the Corporation) incurred in pursuing and conducting, or otherwise related to, the activities of the Corporation.
(f)    The Corporation shall, in the sole discretion of a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock, bear or reimburse such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock for (i) costs, fees and expenses incurred by such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock (or any direct or indirect equityholders of such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or, in the case of subclause (B) below, any designee of such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock) in connection with such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or its designee serving as (A) a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or (B) the “tax matters partner” (under Section 6231(a)(7) of the Code, prior to amendment by P.L. 114-74, or any similar provision of state or local tax laws) or “partnership representative” (under Section 6223 of the Code or any similar provision of state or local tax laws), as applicable, of the Partnership, and (ii) all other expenses allocable to the Corporate Group or otherwise incurred by such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock (or any direct or indirect equityholders of such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock) in connection with operating the Corporate Group’s business. If a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock determines in its sole discretion that such expenses are related to the business and affairs of such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock that are conducted through the Corporate Group (including expenses that relate to the business and affairs of the Corporate Group that also relate to other activities of such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock), such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock may cause the Corporation to pay or bear all expenses of such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock (or any direct or indirect equityholders of such Record Holder of Class B Common Stock). Reimbursements pursuant to this Section 15.03 shall be in addition to any reimbursement to a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock as a result of indemnification pursuant to Section 15.01.
Article XVI
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS, ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING

Section 16.01    Special Meetings. Except as otherwise required by law and subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time only by or at the direction of (i) the Board of Directors, (ii) each Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or (iii) stockholders of the Corporation representing 50% or more of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock of the Corporation of the class or classes for which a meeting is proposed and relating to such matters for which such class or classes are entitled to vote at such meeting. The Class A Common Stock and Class C Common Stock shall not constitute separate classes for this purpose. Stockholders of the Corporation shall call a special meeting by delivering to the Board of Directors one or more requests in writing stating that the signing stockholders wish to call a special meeting and indicating the purposes for which the special meeting is to be called. Within (a) 60 days after receipt of such a call from stockholders, or (b) such greater time as may be reasonably necessary for the Corporation to comply with any statutes, rules, regulations, listing, agreements or similar requirements governing the holding of a meeting or the solicitation of proxies for use at such a meeting, notice of such meeting shall be given in accordance with the DGCL. Except as otherwise required by the DGCL, a special meeting of stockholders shall be held at a time and place determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion on a date not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days after the mailing of notice of the meeting.
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Section 16.02    Adjournment. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting and a new Record Date need not be fixed if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken, unless such adjournment shall be for more than 30 days. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each Record Holder entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new Record Date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors shall fix as the Record Date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each Record Holder as of the Record Date so fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting.
Section 16.03    Quorum. If the Corporation has provided at least 30 days’ advance notice of any meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected, then the stockholders holding at least one-third of the voting power of the Outstanding stock of the class or classes entitled to vote at such meeting, represented either in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders of such class or classes. If the Corporation has provided less than 30 days’ advance notice of any such meeting, the stockholders of the Corporation holding a majority of the voting power of the Outstanding stock of the class or classes entitled to vote at a meeting represented either in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders of such class or classes, unless any such action by the stockholders of the Corporation requires approval by stockholders holding a greater percentage of the voting power of such stock, in which case the quorum shall be such greater percentage. The Class A Common Stock, Class C Common Stock and the Non-Voting Common Stock shall not constitute separate classes for purposes of constituting a quorum at a meeting of stockholders, except as otherwise required by applicable law. At any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation duly called and held in accordance with this Certificate of Incorporation at which a quorum is present, the act of stockholders holding a majority of the votes cast at such meeting shall be deemed to constitute the act of all stockholders, unless a greater or lesser percentage is required with respect to such action under this Certificate of Incorporation or applicable law, in which case the act of the stockholders holding Outstanding stock that in the aggregate represents at least such greater or lesser percentage of the voting power shall be required. The stockholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum, if any action taken (other than adjournment) is approved by the required percentage of the voting power of Outstanding stock of the Corporation specified in this Certificate of Incorporation. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned from time to time by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least a majority of the voting power of the Outstanding stock of the Corporation present and entitled to vote at such meeting represented either in person or by proxy, but no other business may be transacted, except as provided in Section 16.02.
Section 16.04    Conduct of a Meeting. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Board of Directors shall have full power and authority concerning the manner of conducting any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation or solicitation of approvals in writing, including the determination of Persons entitled to vote, the existence of a quorum, the satisfaction of the requirements of Section 16.01, the conduct of voting, the validity and effect of any proxies and the determination of any controversies, votes or challenges arising in connection with or during the meeting or voting. The Board of Directors shall designate a Person to serve as chairman of any meeting, who, to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall, among other things, be entitled to exercise the powers of the Board of Directors set forth in this Section 16.04, and the Board of Directors shall further designate a Person to take the minutes of any meeting. All minutes shall be kept with the records of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may make
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such other regulations consistent with applicable law and this Certificate of Incorporation as it may deem necessary or advisable concerning the conduct of any meeting of the stockholders or solicitation of stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting, including regulations in regard to the appointment of proxies, the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes and approvals, the submission and examination of proxies and other evidence of the right to vote, and the revocation of ballots, proxies and written consents. Unless the Bylaws provide otherwise, elections of directors need not be by written ballot.
Section 16.05    Action Without a Meeting. If consented to by the Board of Directors in writing (which consent shall not be required with respect to any action to be taken solely by the Record Holders of Class B Common Stock), any action that may be taken at a meeting of the stockholders entitled to vote may be taken without a meeting, without a vote and without prior notice, if a consent or consents in writing setting forth the action so taken are signed by stockholders owning not less than the minimum percentage of the voting power of the stock of the Corporation that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all the stockholders entitled to vote were present and voted and such consent or consents are delivered in the manner contemplated by Section 228 of the DGCL (unless such provision conflicts with any rule, regulation, guideline or requirement of any National Securities Exchange on which the stock of the Corporation or a class thereof are listed for trading, in which case the rule, regulation, guideline or requirement of such exchange shall govern). Prompt notice of the taking of action without a meeting shall be given to the stockholders of the Corporation entitled thereto pursuant to the DGCL.
Article XVII
BOOKS, RECORDS, ACCOUNTING

Section 17.01    Records and Accounting. The Corporation shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal office of the Corporation or any other place designated by the Board of Directors appropriate books and records with respect to the Corporation’s business. Any books and records maintained by or on behalf of the Corporation in the regular course of its business, including the record of the Record Holders of stock of the Corporation or options, rights, warrants or appreciation rights relating to stock of the Corporation, books of account and records of Corporation proceedings, may be kept on, or be in the form of, computer disks, hard drives, magnetic tape, photographs, micrographics or any other information storage device; provided that the books and records so maintained are convertible into clearly legible written form within a reasonable period of time.
Section 17.02    Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation (each, a “Fiscal Year”) shall be a year ending December 31. The Board of Directors may change the Fiscal Year of the Corporation at any time and from time to time in each case as may be required or permitted under the Code or applicable United States Treasury Regulations and shall notify the stockholders of such change in the next regular communication to stockholders.
Article XVIII
NOTICE AND WAIVER OF NOTICE



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Section 18.01    Notice.

(a)    Any notice, demand, request, report, document or proxy materials required or permitted to be given or made to a stockholder pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation shall be in writing and shall be deemed given or made when delivered in person, when sent by first class United States mail or by other means of written communication to the stockholder at the address in Section 18.01(b), or when made in any other manner, including by press release, if permitted by applicable law.

(b)    Except as otherwise provided by law, any notice, report, payment, distribution or other matter to be given or made to a stockholder hereunder shall be deemed conclusively to have been given or made, and the obligation to give such notice or report or to make such payment, distribution or other matter shall be deemed conclusively to have been fully satisfied, when delivered in person or upon sending of such notice, report, payment, distribution or other matter to the Record Holder of such shares of stock of the Corporation at his or her address as shown on the records of the Transfer Agent or as otherwise shown on the records of the Corporation, regardless of any claim of any Person who may have an interest in such shares by reason of any assignment or otherwise.
(c)    Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (i) applicable law shall permit the Corporation to give notices, demands, requests, reports, documents or proxy materials to stockholders via electronic mail or by the Internet or (ii) the rules of the Commission shall permit any report or proxy materials to be delivered electronically or made available via the Internet, any such notice, demand, request, report or proxy materials shall, subject to the requirements of applicable law, be deemed given or made in accordance with Section 232 of the DGCL, as applicable, or otherwise when delivered or made available via such mode of delivery.
(d)    An affidavit or certificate of making of any notice, demand, request, report, document, proxy material, payment, distribution or other matter in accordance with the provisions of this Section 18.01 executed by the Corporation, the Transfer Agent, their agents or the mailing organization shall be prima facie evidence of the giving or making of such notice, demand, request, report, document, proxy material, payment, distribution or other matter. Subject to applicable law, if any notice, demand, request, report, document, proxy material, payment, distribution or other matter given or made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 18.01 is returned marked to indicate that it was unable to be delivered, such notice, demand, request, report, documents, proxy materials, payment, distribution or other matter and, if returned by the United States Postal Service (or other physical mail delivery mail service outside the United States of America), any subsequent notices, demands, requests, reports, documents, proxy materials, payments, distributions or other matters shall be deemed to have been duly given or made without further mailing (until such time as such Record Holder or another Person notifies the Transfer Agent or the Corporation of a change in his or her address) or other delivery if they are available for the stockholder at the principal office of the Corporation for a period of one year from the date of the giving or making of such notice, demand, request, report, document, proxy material, payment, distribution or other matter to the other stockholders. Any notice to the Corporation shall be deemed given if received in writing by the Corporation at its principal office. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Corporation may rely and shall be protected in relying on any notice or other document from a stockholder if believed by it to be genuine.
Section 18.02    Waiver of Notice. A written waiver of any notice, signed by a stockholder or director, or waiver by electronic transmission by such Person, whether given before or after the time of
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the event for which notice is to be given, shall be deemed equivalent to the notice required to be given to such Person. Neither the business nor the purpose of any meeting need be specified in such a waiver. Attendance of a stockholder at any meeting (in Person or by remote communication) shall constitute waiver of notice of the meeting, except (i) when the stockholder attends for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, and takes no other action, and (ii) that attendance at a meeting is not a waiver of any right to disapprove the consideration of matters required to be included in the notice of the meeting, but not so included, if the disapproval is expressly made at the meeting.
Article XIX
EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION

The Corporation, each stockholder of the Corporation, each Record Holder and each other Person who acquires an interest in the stock of the Corporation (each a “Consenting Party”), to the fullest extent permitted by law, (i) irrevocably agrees, unless otherwise agreed to by the Board of Directors in writing, that any Proceeding arising out of or relating in any way to this Certificate of Incorporation or any stock of the Corporation (including any Proceeding under or to interpret, apply or enforce (A) the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation (including the validity, scope or enforceability of this Article XIX) or the Bylaws, (B) the duties, obligations or liabilities of the Corporation to the stockholders of the Corporation, or of stockholders of the Corporation to the Corporation, or among stockholders of the Corporation, (C) the rights or powers of, or restrictions on, the Corporation or any stockholder of the Corporation, (D) any provision of the DGCL or (E) any other instrument, document, agreement or certificate contemplated by any provision of the DGCL relating to the Corporation (regardless of whether such Proceedings (x) sound in contract, tort, fraud or otherwise, (y) are based on common law, statutory, equitable, legal or other grounds, or (z) are derivative or direct claims)), shall be exclusively brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, any other court in the State of Delaware with subject matter jurisdiction; (ii) irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in connection with any such Proceeding; (iii) irrevocably agrees not to, and waives any right to, assert in any Proceeding that (A) it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of such courts or any other court to which proceedings in such courts may be appealed, (B) such Proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, or (C) the venue of such Proceeding is improper; (iv) expressly waives any requirement for the posting of a bond by a party bringing such Proceeding; (v) consents to process being served in any such Proceeding by mailing, certified mail, return receipt requested, a copy thereof to such party at the address in effect for notices hereunder, and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof; provided, that nothing in clause (v) hereof shall affect or limit any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law; (vi) irrevocably waives any and all right to trial by jury in any such Proceedings; (vii) agrees that proof shall not be required that monetary damages for breach of the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation would be difficult to calculate and that remedies at law would be inadequate and (viii) agrees that if a Proceeding that would be subject to this Article XIX if brought against a Consenting Party is brought against an employee, officer, director, agent or indemnitee of such Consenting Party or its affiliates (other than a Proceeding brought by the employer or principal of any such employee, officer, director, agent or indemnitee) for alleged actions or omissions of such employee, officer, director, agent or indemnitee undertaken as an employee, officer, director, agent or indemnitee of such Consenting Party or its affiliates, such employee, officer, director, agent or indemnitee shall be entitled to invoke this Article XIX.
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Article XX
TERMS OF SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

Section 20.01    Designation. The Series A Preferred Stock is hereby designated and created as a series of Preferred Stock. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall be identical in all respects to every other share of Series A Preferred Stock.
Section 20.02    Definitions. The following terms apply only to this Article XX of this Certificate of Incorporation.
Ares Issuer Group” means each of the Corporation’s direct wholly owned domestic subsidiaries and each of its domestic subsidiaries in the Ares Operating Group and any other entity that, as of the relevant time, is a guarantor to any series of Ares Senior Notes.
Ares Senior Notes” means the 4.000% Senior Notes due 2024 issued by Ares Finance Co. LLC, or similar series of senior unsecured debt securities, in each case guaranteed by the Ares Operating Group entities.
Below Investment Grade Rating Event” means the rating on any series of the Ares Senior Notes (or, if no Ares Senior Notes are outstanding or no Ares Senior Notes are then rated by the applicable Rating Agency, the Corporation’s long-term issuer rating by such Rating Agency) is lowered in respect of a Change of Control and any series of the Ares Senior Notes (or, if no Ares Senior Notes are outstanding or no Ares Senior Notes are then rated by the applicable Rating Agency, the Corporation’s long-term issuer rating by such Rating Agency) is rated below Investment Grade by both Rating Agencies on any date from the date of the public notice of an arrangement that could result in a Change of Control until the end of the 60-day period following public notice of the occurrence of a Change of Control (which period shall be extended until the ratings are announced if during such 60-day period the rating of any series of the Ares Senior Notes (or, if no Ares Senior Notes are outstanding or no Ares Senior Notes are then rated by the applicable Rating Agency, the Corporation’s long-term issuer rating by such Rating Agency) is under publicly announced consideration for possible downgrade by either of the Rating Agencies); provided that a Below Investment Grade Rating Event otherwise arising by virtue of a particular reduction in rating shall not be deemed to have occurred in respect of a particular Change of Control (and thus shall not be deemed a Below Investment Grade Rating Event for purposes of the definition of Change of Control Event hereunder) if a Rating Agency making the reduction in rating to which this definition would otherwise apply does not announce or publicly confirm or inform the Corporation in writing at the Corporation’s request that the reduction was the result, in whole or in part, of any event or circumstance comprised of or arising as a result of, or in respect of, the applicable Change of Control (whether or not the applicable Change of Control shall have occurred at the time of the Below Investment Grade Rating Event).
Change of Control” means the occurrence of the following:
(i)    the direct or indirect sale, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Ares Issuer Group to any “person” (as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), other than to a Continuing Ares Entity; or
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(ii)    the consummation of any transaction (including, without limitation, any merger or consolidation) the result of which is that any “person” (as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act or any successor provision), other than a Continuing Ares Entity, becomes (A) the beneficial owner (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act or any successor provision) of a controlling interest in (i) the Corporation or (ii) one or more entities that, as of the relevant time, are guarantors to any series of Ares Senior Notes and comprise all or substantially all of the assets of the Ares Issuer Group and (B) entitled to receive a Majority Economic Interest in connection with such transaction.
Change of Control Event” means the occurrence of both a Change of Control and a Below Investment Grade Rating Event.
Continuing Ares Entity” means any entity, immediately following any relevant date of determination, (i) that is directly or indirectly controlled by one or more individuals (or the Family Members of such persons) who, as of such date of determination, each have devoted substantially all of his or her business and professional time to the activities of the Ares Issuer Group or their subsidiaries or affiliated funds and investment vehicles during the 12-month period immediately preceding such date and (ii) in which any one or more of such individuals (or their Family Members or representatives, including a trustee or trustees) directly or indirectly, singly or as a group, holds the interests that directly or indirectly control Ares Management GP LLC or any successor entity.
Dividend Payment Date” means March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, commencing September 30, 2016.
Dividend Period” means the period from and including a Dividend Payment Date to, but excluding, the next Dividend Payment Date, except that the initial Dividend Period commences on and includes June 8, 2016.
Fitch” means Fitch Ratings Inc. or any successor thereto.
Investment Grade” means, with respect to Fitch, a rating of BBB- or better (or its equivalent under any successor rating categories of Fitch) and, with respect to S&P, a rating of BBB- or better (or its equivalent under any successor rating categories of S&P) (or, in each case, if such Rating Agency ceases to rate a series of the Ares Senior Notes (or, if no Ares Senior Notes are outstanding, ceases to assign a long-term issuer rating to the Corporation) for reasons outside of the Corporation’s control, the equivalent investment grade credit rating from any Rating Agency selected by the Board of Directors as a replacement Rating Agency).
Junior Stock” means Common Stock and any other equity securities that the Corporation may issue in the future ranking, as to the payment of dividends and distributions of assets upon a Dissolution Event, junior to the Series A Preferred Stock.
Majority Economic Interest” means any right or entitlement to receive more than 50% of the equity distributions or partner allocations (whether such right or entitlement results from ownership of partner or other equity interests, securities, instruments or agreements of any kind) made to all holders of partner or other equity interests in the Ares Issuer Group (other than entities within the Ares Issuer Group).
Nonpayment Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 20.07(a).
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Parity Stock” means any stock of the Corporation, including Preferred Stock, that the Corporation may authorize or issue, the terms of which provide that such securities shall rank equally with the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends and distribution of assets upon a Dissolution Event.
Preferred Directors” has the meaning set forth in Section 20.07(a).
Rating Agency” means:
(i)    each of Fitch and S&P; and
(ii)    if either of Fitch or S&P ceases to rate any series of Ares Senior Notes (or, if no Ares Senior Notes are outstanding, ceases to assign a long-term issuer rating to the Corporation) or fails to make a rating of any series of Ares Senior Notes (or, if no Ares Senior Notes are outstanding, the long-term issuer rating of the Corporation) publicly available for reasons outside of the Corporation’s control, a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” within the meaning of Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act selected by the Board of Directors as a replacement agency for Fitch or S&P, or both, as the case may be.
S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, a division of McGraw-Hill Financial, Inc., or any successor thereto.
Series A Dividend Rate” means 7.00%.
Series A Holder” means a holder of Series A Preferred Stock.
Series A Liquidation Preference” means $25.00 per share of Series A Preferred Stock.
Series A Liquidation Value” means the sum of the Series A Liquidation Preference and declared and unpaid dividends, if any, to, but excluding, the date of the Dissolution Event on the Series A Preferred Stock.
Series A Record Date” means, with respect to any Dividend Payment Date, the March 15, June 15, September 15 or December 15, as the case may be, immediately preceding the relevant March 31, June 30, September 30 or December 31 Dividend Payment Date, respectively. These Series A Record Dates shall apply regardless of whether a particular Series A Record Date is a Business Day. The Series A Record Dates shall constitute Record Dates with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock for the purpose of dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock.
Voting Preferred Stock” has the meaning set forth in Section 20.07(a).
Section 20.03    Dividends.
(a)    The Series A Holders shall be entitled to receive with respect to each share of Series A Preferred Stock owned by such holder, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, or a duly authorized committee thereof, in its sole discretion out of funds legally available therefor, non-cumulative quarterly cash dividends, on the applicable Dividend Payment Date that corresponds to the Record Date for which the Board of Directors has declared a dividend, if any, at a rate per annum equal to the Series A Dividend Rate (subject to Section 20.06(c)) of the Series A Liquidation Preference. Such dividends shall be non-cumulative. If a Dividend Payment Date is not a Business Day, the related dividend (if declared)
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shall be paid on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as though paid on such Dividend Payment Date, without any increase to account for the period from such Dividend Payment Date through the date of actual payment. Dividends payable on the Series A Preferred Stock for any period less than a full Dividend Period shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months and the actual number of days elapsed in such period. Declared dividends will be payable on the relevant Dividend Payment Date to Series A Holders as they appear on the Corporation’s register at the close of business, New York City time, on a Series A Record Date, provided that if the Series A Record Date is not a Business Day, the declared dividends will be payable on the relevant Dividend Payment Date to Series A Holders as they appear on the Corporation’s register at the close of business, New York City time on the Business Day immediately preceding such Series A Record Date.
(b)    So long as any shares of Series A Preferred Stock are Outstanding, (i) no dividend, whether in cash or property, may be declared or paid or set apart for payment on the Junior Stock for the then-current quarterly Dividend Period (other than dividends paid in Junior Stock or options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase Junior Stock), and (ii) the Corporation and its Subsidiaries shall not directly or indirectly repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire for consideration any Junior Stock, unless, in each case, dividends have been declared and paid or declared and set apart for payment on the Series A Preferred Stock for the then-current quarterly Dividend Period, other than, in each case, (x) repurchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of Ares Operating Group Units for Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Exchange Agreement or otherwise, (y) grants or vesting of awards under the Corporation’s or its Subsidiaries’ equity incentive plans and (z) repurchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of Junior Stock pursuant to any put or call agreements existing on June 8, 2016 (including any amendments, modifications or replacements thereof that do not adversely affect the Series A Holders).
(c)    The Board of Directors, or a duly authorized committee thereof, may, in its sole discretion, choose to pay dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock without the payment of any dividends on any Junior Stock.
(d)    When dividends are not declared and paid (or duly provided for) on any Dividend Payment Date (or, in the case of Parity Stock having dividend payment dates different from the Dividend Payment Dates pertaining to the Series A Preferred Stock, on a dividend payment date falling within the related Dividend Period) in full upon the Series A Preferred Stock or any Parity Stock, all dividends declared upon the Series A Preferred Stock and all such Parity Stock payable on such Dividend Payment Date (or, in the case of Parity Stock having dividend payment dates different from the Dividend Payment Dates, on a dividend payment date falling within the related Dividend Period) shall be declared pro rata so that the respective amounts of such dividends shall bear the same ratio to each other as all declared and unpaid dividends per share on the Series A Preferred Stock and all accumulated unpaid dividends on all Parity Stock payable on such Dividend Payment Date (or in the case of non-cumulative Parity Stock, unpaid dividends for the then-current Dividend Period (whether or not declared) and in the case of Parity Stock having dividend payment dates different from the Dividend Payment Dates pertaining to the Series A Preferred Stock, on a dividend payment date falling within the related Dividend Period) bear to each other.
(e)    No dividends may be declared or paid or set apart for payment on any Series A Preferred Stock if at the same time any arrears exist or default exists in the payment of dividends on any Outstanding stock of the Corporation ranking, as to the payment of dividends and distribution of assets upon a Dissolution Event, senior to the Series A Preferred Stock, subject to any applicable terms of such Outstanding stock of the Corporation.
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(f)    Series A Holders shall not be entitled to any dividends, whether payable in cash or property, other than as provided in this Certificate of Incorporation and shall not be entitled to interest, or any sum in lieu of interest, in respect of any dividend payment, including any such payment which is delayed or foregone.
Section 20.04    Rank. The Series A Preferred Stock shall rank, with respect to payment of dividends and distribution of assets upon a Dissolution Event:
(a)    junior to all of the Corporation’s existing and future indebtedness and any equity securities, including Preferred Stock, that the Corporation may authorize or issue, the terms of which provide that such securities shall rank senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends and distribution of assets upon a Dissolution Event;
(b)    equally to any Parity Stock; and
(c)    senior to any Junior Stock.
Section 20.05    Optional Redemption.
(a)    Except as set forth in Section 20.06, the Series A Preferred Stock shall not be redeemable prior to June 30, 2021. At any time or from time to time on or after June 30, 2021, subject to any limitations that may be imposed by law, the Corporation may, in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to the Series A Liquidation Preference per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus an amount equal to declared and unpaid dividends, if any, from the Dividend Payment Date immediately preceding the redemption date to, but excluding, the redemption date. If less than all of the Outstanding Series A Preferred Stock are to be redeemed, the Board of Directors shall select the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed from the Outstanding Series A Preferred Stock not previously called for redemption by lot or pro rata (as nearly as possible).
(b)    In the event the Corporation shall redeem any or all of the Series A Preferred Stock as aforesaid in Section 20.05(a), the Corporation shall give notice of any such redemption to the Series A Holders (which such notice may be delivered prior to June 30, 2021) not more than 60 nor less than 30 days prior to the date fixed for such redemption. Failure to give notice to any Series A Holder shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any Series A Preferred Stock being redeemed.
(c)    Notice having been given as herein provided and so long as funds sufficient to pay the redemption price for all of the Series A Preferred Stock called for redemption have been set aside for payment, from and after the redemption date, such Series A Preferred Stock called for redemption shall no longer be deemed Outstanding, and all rights of the Series A Holders thereof shall cease other than the right to receive the redemption price, without interest.
(d)    The Series A Holders shall have no right to require redemption of any Series A Preferred Stock.
(e)    Without limiting Section 20.05(c), if the Corporation shall deposit, on or prior to any date fixed for redemption of Series A Preferred Stock (pursuant to notice delivered in accordance with Section 20.05(b)), with any bank or trust company as a trust fund, funds sufficient to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock called for redemption, with irrevocable instructions and authority to such bank or trust company to pay on and after the date fixed for redemption or such earlier date as the Board of Directors
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may determine, to the respective Series A Holders, the redemption price thereof, then from and after the date of such deposit (although prior to the date fixed for redemption) such Series A Preferred Stock so called shall be deemed to be redeemed and such deposit shall be deemed to constitute full payment of said Series A Preferred Stock to the holders thereof and from and after the date of such deposit said Series A Preferred Stock shall no longer be deemed to be Outstanding, and the holders thereof shall cease to be holders with respect to such Series A Preferred Stock, and shall have no rights with respect thereto except only the right to receive from said bank or trust company, on the redemption date or such earlier date as the Board of Directors may determine, payment of the redemption price of such Series A Preferred Stock without interest.
Section 20.06    Change of Control Redemption.
(a)    If a Change of Control Event occurs prior to June 30, 2021, within 60 days of the occurrence of such Change of Control Event, the Corporation may, in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole but not in part, out of funds legally available therefor, at a redemption price equal to $25.25 per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus an amount equal to any declared and unpaid dividends to, but excluding, the redemption date.
(b)    In the event the Corporation elects to redeem all of the Series A Preferred Stock as aforesaid in Section 20.06(a), the Corporation shall give notice of any such redemption to the Series A Holders at least 30 days (and no more than 60) prior to the date fixed for such redemption.
(c)    If (i) a Change of Control Event occurs (whether before, on or after June 30, 2021) and (ii) the Corporation does not give notice to the Series A Holders prior to the 31st day following the Change of Control Event to redeem all the Outstanding Series A Preferred Stock, the Series A Dividend Rate shall increase by 5.00%, beginning on the 31st day following the consummation of such Change of Control Event.
(d)    In connection with any Change of Control and any particular reduction in the rating on a series of the Ares Senior Notes (or, if no Ares Senior Notes are outstanding, a reduction in the Corporation’s long-term issuer rating), the Board of Directors shall request from the Rating Agencies each such Rating Agency’s written confirmation whether such reduction in the rating on each such series of Ares Senior Notes (or, if no Ares Senior Notes are outstanding, the Corporation’s long-term issuer rating) was the result, in whole or in part, of any event or circumstance comprised of or arising as a result of, or in respect of, the applicable Change of Control (whether or not the applicable Change of Control shall have occurred at the time of any Below Investment Grade Rating Event).
(e)    The Series A Holders shall have no right to require redemption of any Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 20.06.
Section 20.07    Voting.
(a)    Notwithstanding any provision in this Certificate of Incorporation to the contrary, and except as set forth in this Section 20.07, the Series A Preferred Stock shall not have any relative, participating, optional or other voting, consent or approval rights or powers, and the vote, consent or approval of the Series A Holders shall not be required for the taking of any action or inaction by the Corporation. If and whenever six quarterly dividends (whether or not consecutive) payable on the Series A Preferred Stock or six quarterly dividends (whether or not consecutive) payable on any series or class of Parity Stock have not been declared and paid (a “Nonpayment Event”), the number of directors then constituting the Board of Directors shall automatically be increased by two and the Series A Holders,
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voting together as a single class with the holders of any other class or series of Parity Stock then Outstanding upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable (any such other class or series, “Voting Preferred Stock”), shall have the right to elect these two additional directors (the “Preferred Directors”) at a meeting of the Series A Holders and the holders of such Voting Preferred Stock called as hereafter provided; provided, that the Board of Directors shall at no time include more than two Preferred Directors. When quarterly dividends have been declared and paid on the Series A Preferred Stock for four consecutive Dividend Periods following the Nonpayment Event, then the right of the Series A Holders and the holders of such Voting Preferred Stock to elect such two Preferred Directors shall cease and the terms of office of all Preferred Directors shall forthwith terminate immediately and the number of directors constituting the whole Board of Directors automatically shall be reduced by two. However, the right of the Series A Holders and the holders of the Voting Preferred Stock to elect two additional directors on the Board of Directors shall again vest if and whenever a Nonpayment Event has occurred, as described above.
(b)    If a Nonpayment Event or a subsequent Nonpayment Event shall have occurred, the Secretary of the Corporation may, and upon the written request of any Series A Holder (addressed to the Secretary at the principal office of the Corporation) shall, call a special meeting of the Series A Holders and holders of the Voting Preferred Stock for the election of the Preferred Directors to be elected by them. The Preferred Directors elected at any such special meeting shall hold office until the next annual meeting or special meeting held in lieu thereof if such office shall not have previously terminated as above provided. The Board of Directors shall, in its sole discretion, determine a date for a special meeting applying procedures consistent with Article XVI in connection with the expiration of the term of the Preferred Directors. The Series A Holders and holders of the Voting Preferred Stock, voting together as a class, may remove any Preferred Director. If any vacancy shall occur among the Preferred Directors, a successor shall be elected by the Board of Directors, upon the nomination of the then-remaining Preferred Director or the successor of such remaining Preferred Director, to serve until the next special meeting (convened as set forth in the immediately preceding sentence) held in place thereof if such office shall not have previously terminated as above provided. Except to the extent expressly provided otherwise in this Section 20.07, any such annual or special meeting shall be called and held applying procedures consistent with Article XVI as if references to stockholders of the Corporation were references to Series A Holders and holders of Voting Preferred Stock.
(c)    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Article IX, XI or XVI but subject to Section 20.07(d), so long as any shares of Series A Preferred Stock are Outstanding, the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3% of the votes entitled to be cast by the Series A Holders and holders of the Voting Preferred Stock, at the time Outstanding, voting as a single class regardless of series, given in person or by proxy, either in writing without a meeting or by vote at any meeting called for the purpose, shall be necessary:
(i)    to amend, alter or repeal any of the provisions of this Article XX relating to the Series A Preferred Stock or any series of Voting Preferred Stock, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, to affect materially and adversely the voting powers, rights or preferences of the Series A Holders or holders of the Voting Preferred Stock; and
(ii)    to authorize, create or increase the authorized amount of, any class or series of Preferred Stock having rights senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends or amounts upon any Dissolution Event; provided, however, that,
(X)    in the case of subparagraph (i) above, no such vote of the Series A Holders or the holders of the Voting Preferred Stock, as the case may be,
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shall be required if in connection with any such amendment, alteration or repeal, by merger, consolidation or otherwise, each share of Series A Preferred Stock and Voting Preferred Stock remains Outstanding without the terms thereof being materially and adversely changed in any respect to the holders thereof or is converted into or exchanged for preferred equity securities of the surviving entity having the voting powers, rights or preferences thereof substantially similar to those of such Series A Preferred Stock or the Voting Preferred Stock, as the case may be;
(Y)    in the case of subparagraph (i) above, if such amendment affects materially and adversely the voting powers, rights or preferences of one or more but not all of the classes or series of Voting Preferred Stock and the Series A Preferred Stock at the time Outstanding, the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3% of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all such classes or series of Voting Preferred Stock and the Series A Preferred Stock so affected, voting as a single class regardless of class or series, given in person or by proxy, either in writing without a meeting or by vote at any meeting called for the purpose, shall be required in lieu of (or, if such consent is required by law, in addition to) the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3% of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of the Voting Preferred Stock and the Series A Holders otherwise entitled to vote as a single class in accordance herewith; and
(Z)    in the case of subparagraph (i) or (ii) above, no such vote of the Series A Holders or holders of the Voting Preferred Stock, as the case may be, shall be required if, at or prior to the time when such action is to take effect, provision is made for the redemption of all Series A Preferred Stock or Voting Preferred Stock, as the case may be, at the time Outstanding.
(d)    For the purposes of this Section 20.07, neither:
(i)    the amendment of provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation so as to authorize or create or issue, or to increase the authorized amount of, any Junior Stock or any Parity Stock; nor (ii) any merger, consolidation or otherwise, in which (1) the Corporation is the surviving entity and the Series A Preferred Stock remains Outstanding with the terms thereof materially unchanged in any respect adverse to the holders thereof; or (2) the resulting, surviving or transferee entity is organized under the laws of any state and substitutes or exchanges the Series A Preferred Stock for other preferred equity securities having voting powers, rights and preferences (including with respect to redemption thereof) substantially similar to that of the Series A Preferred Stock under this Certificate of Incorporation (except for changes that do not materially and adversely affect the Series A Preferred Stock considered as a whole) shall be deemed to materially and adversely affect the voting powers, rights or preferences of the Series A Holders or holders of Voting Preferred Stock.
(e)    For purposes of the foregoing provisions of this Section 20.07, each Series A Holder shall have one vote per share of Series A Preferred Stock, except that when any other series of Preferred Stock shall have the right to vote with the Series A Preferred Stock as a single class on any matter, then the
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Series A Holders and the holders of such other series of Preferred Stock shall have with respect to such matters one vote per $25.00 of stated liquidation preference.
(f)    The Corporation may, from time to time, without notice to or consent of the Series A Holders or holders of other Parity Stock, issue additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock.
Section 20.08    Liquidation Rights.
(a)    Upon any Dissolution Event, after payment or provision for the liabilities of the Corporation (including the expenses of such Dissolution Event) and the satisfaction of all claims ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock in accordance with Section 5.04, the Series A Holders shall be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Corporation or proceeds thereof available for distribution to stockholders of the Corporation, before any payment or distribution of assets is made in respect of Junior Stock, distributions equal to the Series A Liquidation Value, pro rata based on the full respective distributable amounts to which each Series A Holder is entitled pursuant to this Section 20.08(a).
(b)    Upon a Dissolution Event, after each Series A Holder receives a payment equal to the Series A Liquidation Value, such Series A Holder shall not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of assets by the Corporation.
(c)    If the assets of the Corporation available for distribution upon a Dissolution Event are insufficient to pay in full the aggregate amount payable to the Series A Holders and holders of all other Outstanding Parity Stock, if any, such assets shall be distributed to the Series A Holders and the holders of such Parity Stock pro rata, based on the full respective distributable amounts to which each such holder is entitled pursuant to this Section 20.08.
(d)    Nothing in this Section 20.08 shall be understood to entitle the Series A Holders to be paid any amount upon the occurrence of a Dissolution Event until holders of any classes or series of stock ranking, as to the distribution of assets upon a Dissolution Event, senior to the Series A Preferred Stock have been paid all amounts to which such classes or series of stock are entitled.
(e)    Neither the sale, conveyance, exchange or transfer, for cash, stock, securities or other consideration, of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property or assets nor the consolidation, merger or amalgamation of the Corporation with or into any other entity or the consolidation, merger or amalgamation of any other entity with or into the Corporation shall be deemed to be a Dissolution Event, notwithstanding that for other purposes, such as for tax purposes, such an event may constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding up. In addition, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 20.08, no payment will be made to the Series A Holders pursuant to this Section 20.08 (i) upon the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of any of the Corporation’s Subsidiaries or upon any reorganization of the Corporation into another limited liability entity pursuant to the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation that allow the Corporation to merge or convey its assets to another limited liability entity with or without approval of the stockholders of the Corporation (including a transaction pursuant to Section 9.02) or (ii) if the Corporation engages in a reorganization or other transaction in which a successor to the Corporation issues equity securities to the Series A Holders that have voting powers, rights and preferences that are substantially similar to the voting powers, rights and preferences of the Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation that allow the Corporation to do so without approval of the stockholders of the Corporation.

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Section 20.09    No Duties to Series A Holders. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Certificate of Incorporation, to the fullest extent permitted by law, no Indemnitee shall have any duties or liabilities to the Series A Holders.

Article XXI

DEFINITIONS

Section 21.01    Definition. The following definitions shall be for all purposes, unless otherwise clearly indicated to the contrary, applied to the terms used in this Certificate of Incorporation:
Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, the Person in question.
Ares Company” means (i) the Corporation, (ii) the Former General Partner, (iii) Ares VoteCo, (iv) any entity that is or becomes part of the Ares Operating Group and (v) any entity in which any of the foregoing directly or indirectly owns a majority interest or which any of the foregoing controls, or through which any of the foregoing directly or indirectly manages, directs or invests in any fund, investment vehicle or account, but excluding any fund, investment vehicle or account.
Ares Holdings” means Ares Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
Ares Operating Group” means, collectively, Ares Holdings and any future entity designated by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion as an Ares Operating Group entity for purposes of this Certificate of Incorporation.
Ares Operating Group Governing Agreements” means, collectively, the Fourth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Ares Holdings (and the governing agreement then in effect of any future entity designated as an Ares Operating Group entity hereunder).
Ares Operating Group Limited Partner” means each Person that becomes a limited partner of an Ares Operating Group entity pursuant to the terms of the relevant Ares Operating Group Governing Agreement.
Ares Operating Group Unit” means, collectively, one “Class A Unit” in each of Ares Holdings (and any future entity designated as an Ares Operating Group entity hereunder) issued under its respective Ares Operating Group Governing Agreement.
Ares Owners Class Issuer Unit” has the meaning given to “Class Issuer Unit” in the Ares Owners LP Agreement.
Ares Owners LP” means Ares Owners Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
Ares Owners LP Agreement” means the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Ares Owners LP, dated November 26, 2018.
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Ares Ownership Condition” on any date means that, as of the January 31 immediately preceding such date, the Board of Directors has determined that the voting power held collectively by (a) the Record Holders of Class C Common Stock, (b) persons that were formerly employed by or had provided services to (including as a director), or are then employed by or providing services to (including as a director), the Corporation or any of its Affiliates, (c) any estate, trust, corporation, partnership or limited liability company or other entity of any kind or nature of which any person listed in clause (b) is a trustee, other fiduciary, manager, partner, member, officer, director or party, respectively, (d) any estate, trust, corporation, partnership or limited liability company or other entity of any kind or nature for the direct or indirect benefit of the spouse, parents, siblings or children of, or any other natural person who occupies the same principal residence as, any person listed in clause (b), and the spouses, ancestors or descendants of each of the foregoing, and (e) Ares Owners LP is at least 10% of the voting power of the Outstanding Designated Stock (treating as Outstanding and held by any such persons, any Common Stock of the Corporation deliverable pursuant to any equity awards granted to such persons).
Ares Partners Holdco” means Ares Partners Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
Ares VoteCo” means Ares Voting LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
Associate” means, when used to indicate a relationship with any Person, (a) any corporation or organization of which such Person is a member, manager, director, officer or partner or is, directly or indirectly, the owner of 20% or more of any class of voting stock or other voting interest; (b) any trust or other estate in which such Person has at least a 20% beneficial interest or as to which such Person serves as trustee or in a similar fiduciary capacity; and (c) any relative or spouse of such Person, or any relative of such spouse, who has the same principal residence as such Person.
beneficial owner” has the meaning assigned to such term in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act (and “beneficially own” and “beneficial ownership” shall have correlative meanings).
Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
Business Combination” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.01.
Business Day” means each day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking institutions in New York, New York are authorized or required by law to close.
Bylaws” means the bylaws of the Corporation as in effect from time to time.
Certificate” means a certificate issued in global form in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Depositary or in such other form as may be adopted by the Board of Directors, issued by the Corporation evidencing ownership of one or more shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock or a certificate, in such form as may be adopted by the Board of Directors, issued by the Corporation evidencing ownership of one or more other classes of stock of the Corporation.
Certificate of Designation” means a certificate of designation relating to any series of Preferred Stock.
Class A Common Stock” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 4.01(a)(i).
Class B Common Stock” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 4.01(a)(ii).
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Class C Common Stock” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 4.01(a)(iii).
Closing Price” for any day means the last sale price on such day, regular way, or in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted for trading on the principal National Securities Exchange on which such class of stock of the Corporation is listed or admitted to trading or, if such class of stock of the Corporation is not listed or admitted to trading on any National Securities Exchange, the last quoted price on such day or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices on such day in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the primary reporting system then in use in relation to such class of stock of the Corporation, or, if on any such day such class of stock of the Corporation is not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such class of stock of the Corporation selected by the Corporation in its sole discretion, or if on any such day no market maker is making a market in such class of stock of the Corporation, the fair value of such class of stock of the Corporation on such day as determined by the Corporation in its sole discretion.
Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
Commission” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Common Stock” means the Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock.
Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
Corporate Group” means the Corporation and its Subsidiaries treated as a single consolidated entity.
Corporation” has the meaning assigned to such term in Article I.
Corresponding Rate” means the number of shares of Class A Common Stock that would be forfeited or cancelled upon the forfeiture or cancellation of Ares Owners Class Issuer Units pursuant to any agreements governing such Ares Owners Class Issuer Units. The Corresponding Rate shall initially be 1 for 1. The Corresponding Rate shall be adjusted accordingly by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion if there is: (a) any subdivision (by any share split, share distribution, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse share split, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) of the Class A Common Stock that is not accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination of the Ares Owners Class Issuer Units; or (b) any subdivision (by any unit split, unit distribution, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse unit split, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) of the Ares Owners Class Issuer Units that is not accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination of the Class A Common Stock.
Current Market Price” for any class of stock of the Corporation means the average of the daily Closing Prices per share of such class for the 20 consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to the date of determination.
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Depositary” means, with respect to any shares of stock of the Corporation issued in global form, The Depository Trust Company.
Designated Stock” means the Class A Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock and any other stock of the Corporation that is designated as “Designated Stock” from time to time pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation or any Certificate of Designation.
Determination” means any determination, evaluation, election, decision, approval, authorization, consent or other action.
DGCL” means the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or as may hereafter be amended from time to time.
Dissolution Event” means an event giving rise to the dissolution of the Corporation.
Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, supplemented or restated from time to time and any successor to such statute.
Exchange Agreement” means the Fourth Amended and Restated Exchange Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2018, by and among the Corporation and the other parties thereto, as amended.
Exchange Rate” means the number of shares of Class A Common Stock for which an Ares Operating Group Unit is entitled to be exchanged pursuant to the Exchange Agreement.
Family Member” means, with respect to any individual, such individual’s spouse, domestic partner, parents, parents-in-law, siblings, children, grandchildren and any other natural person who occupies the same principal residence as such individual, and the spouses, domestic partners, descendants and ancestors of each of the foregoing.
Fiscal Year” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 17.02.
Former General Partner” means Ares Management GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, in its capacity as the former general partner of the Partnership and any successor or permitted assign.
Fund” means any fund, investment vehicle or account whose investments are managed or advised by the Corporation or another Group Member.
Group” means a Person that with or through any of its Affiliates or Associates has any contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting, exercising investment power or disposing of any stock of the Corporation with any other Person that beneficially owns, or whose Affiliates or Associates beneficially own, directly or indirectly, stock of the Corporation.
Group Member” means a member of the Corporate Group.
Holdco Member means any Person who is, was or will be a member of Ares Partners Holdco.
Indemnitee” means, to the fullest extent permitted by law, (a) each member of the Board of Directors and officer of the Corporation, (b) each Record Holder of Class B Common Stock, (c) the Former General Partner, (d) any Person who is or was a “tax matters partner” (as defined in the Code
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prior to amendment by P.L. 114-74) or “partnership representative” (as defined in Section 6223 of the Code after amendment by P.L. 114-74), member, manager, officer or director of any Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or the Former General Partner, (e) any member, manager, officer or director of any Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or the Former General Partner who is or was serving at the request of any Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or the Former General Partner as a director, officer, manager, employee, trustee, fiduciary, partner, tax matters partner, partnership representative, member, representative, agent or advisor of another Person; provided that a Person shall not be an Indemnitee by reason of providing, on a fee-for-services basis or similar arm’s-length compensatory basis, agency, advisory, consulting, trustee, fiduciary or custodial services, (f) any Person who controls any Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or the Former General Partner and (g) any Person a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock, in its sole discretion, designates as an “Indemnitee.”
Initial Annual Meeting” means the first annual meeting of stockholders held following any January 31 on which the Board of Directors is classified in accordance with Section 6.04(b)(i).
Losses” means all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, penalties, interest, and settlements.
Merger Agreement” means a written agreement of merger, consolidation or other business combination.
National Securities Exchange” means an exchange registered with the Commission under Section 6(a) of the Exchange Act and any other securities exchange (whether or not registered with the Commission under Section 6(a) of the Exchange Act) that the Board of Directors shall designate as a National Securities Exchange for purposes of this Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws.
Notice of Election to Purchase” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 10.01(b).
Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel or, in the case of tax matters, a qualified tax advisor (who may be regular counsel or tax adviser, as the case may be, to the Corporation or any of its Affiliates) acceptable to the Board of Directors in its discretion.
Original Class C Common Stockholder” means Ares VoteCo, so long as it is a Record Holder of Class C Common Stock.
Outstanding” means all shares of stock of the Corporation reflected as outstanding on the Corporation’s books and records as of the date of determination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise required by law, if at any time any Person or Group beneficially owns 20% or more of any class of stock outstanding, no shares of stock owned by such Person or Group shall be entitled to be voted on any matter or shall be considered to be Outstanding when sending notices of a meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to vote on any matter, calculating required votes or determining the presence of a quorum under this Certificate of Incorporation or the DGCL (and such shares of stock shall not, however, be treated as a separate class of stock for purposes of this Certificate of Incorporation or the DGCL). To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the foregoing limitation shall not apply to (a) any Record Holder of Class B Common Stock, Ares Owners LP, any Holdco Member or any of their respective Affiliates, (b) any Person or Group who acquired 20% or more of any shares of stock of any class then Outstanding (i) directly from a Record Holder of Class B Common Stock or any of its Affiliates, (ii) directly or indirectly from a Person or Group described in clause (b)(i) so long as the Board of Directors shall have notified such Person or Group in writing that such limitation shall not apply or (iii) with the prior approval of the Board of Directors or (c) any Record Holder of Non-Voting Common Stock. The
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determinations of the matters described in clauses (b)(i), (ii) and (iii) of the foregoing sentence shall be conclusively determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, which determination shall be final and binding on all stockholders of the Corporation. The provisions of the second sentence of this definition shall not apply to the Class B Common Stock or the Class C Common Stock.
Partnership” means Ares Management, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
Person” means an individual or a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization, association (including any group, organization, co-tenancy, plan, board, council or committee), government (including a country, state, county, or any other governmental or political subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof) or other entity (or series thereof).
Preferred Stock” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.01(a)(iv).
Proceeding” means any claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, and whether formal or informal, and including appeals.
Purchase Date” means the date determined by the Corporation as the date for purchase of stock pursuant to Article X.
Record Date” means (a) with respect to holders of Common Stock, the date and time established by the Board of Directors pursuant to the Bylaws or, if no such date and time is established by the Board of Directors, as provided by applicable law and (b) with respect to Preferred Stock, the date set forth in this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation), or if none, the date and time established by the Board of Directors pursuant to the Bylaws or, if no such date and time is established by the Board of Directors, as provided by applicable law.
Record Holder” means the Person in whose name a share of stock of the Corporation is registered on the books of the Corporation or, if such books are maintained by the Transfer Agent, on the books of the Transfer Agent, in each case, as of the Record Date, as applicable.
Registration Statement” means the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-194919), filed by the Partnership with the Commission under the Securities Act.
Related Party” means, with respect to any Person, (a) any Family Member of such Person, (b) any estate, trust, corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other Person (other than any Person of which the Former General Partner or the Corporation is a direct or indirect partner, member or manager) for the primary benefit of such Person or the Family Members of such Person, and (c) any estate, trust, corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other Person (other than any (i) Person of which the Former General Partner or the Corporation is a direct or indirect partner, member or manager or (ii) Person with securities registered under Section 12 or subject to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of which such Person or any Family Member of such Person is a trustee or other fiduciary.
Ressler” means Antony P. Ressler, an individual.
Ressler Successor” means a natural person designated by Ressler as such in writing to the members or the Secretary of Ares Partners Holdco from time to time (which writing may provide for successive natural persons to serve as the Ressler Successor (or as the successor to the Ressler Successor)
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if a natural person previously designated as the Ressler Successor resigns or otherwise ceases to act as the Ressler Successor); provided that if Ressler does not designate a successor to the then acting Ressler Successor, such Ressler Successor may designate a successor in the same manner as Ressler.
Ressler Termination Event” means the earlier of the date on which:
(a)    Ressler and his Related Parties no longer collectively own a number of shares of Class A Common Stock and Ares Operating Group Units equal to 10% of the number of Ares Operating Group Units outstanding immediately after the consummation of the Partnership’s initial public offering and sale of common units, as contemplated by the Partnership’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-194919), in each case, subject to appropriate adjustment for any stock split, Stock Dividend, reclassification, subdivision, reorganization, recapitalization or similar event, and
(b)    Ressler becomes a Withdrawn Member of Ares Partners Holdco.
For purposes of this definition, Ressler and his Related Parties shall be deemed to own Class A Common Stock and Ares Operating Group Units that are deliverable to such Person (or the net proceeds from the sale of which are deliverable to such Person) pursuant to the Ares Owners LP Agreement, the Exchange Agreement or any other exchange agreement with an Ares Company, in each case, without regard to any vesting, transfer or similar restrictions set forth therein.
Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933.
Series A Preferred Stock” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.01(a)(iv).
Stock Dividend” means any dividend payable in shares of the Corporation’s capital stock or rights, options or warrants to purchase or otherwise acquire the Corporation’s capital stock.
Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (a) a corporation of which more than 50% of the voting power of shares entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors or other governing body of such corporation is owned, directly or indirectly, at the date of determination, by such Person, by one or more Subsidiaries of such Person or a combination thereof, (b) a partnership (whether general or limited) in which such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person is, at the date of determination, a general or limited partner of such partnership, but only if more than 50% of the partnership interests of such partnership (considering all of the partnership interests of the partnership as a single class) is owned, directly or indirectly, at the date of determination, by such Person, by one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, or a combination thereof, (c) any other Person (other than a corporation or a partnership) in which such Person, one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, or a combination thereof, directly or indirectly, at the date of determination, has (i) at least a majority ownership interest or (ii) the power to elect or direct the election of a majority of the directors or other governing body of such Person or (d) any other Person the financial information of which is consolidated by such Person for financial reporting purposes under U.S. GAAP. Each of the Ares Operating Group entities is a Subsidiary of the Corporation.
Supplemental Agreement” means, with respect to any stockholder of the Corporation, any grant letter, fair competition agreement or other agreement with such stockholder containing terms modifying or otherwise affecting the rights or obligations of such stockholder or with respect to such stockholder’s shares of stock of the Corporation.
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Trading Day” means a day on which the principal National Securities Exchange on which such stock of the Corporation of any class is listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if a class of stock of the Corporation is not listed or admitted to trading on any National Securities Exchange, a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York generally are open.
transfer” when used in this Certificate of Incorporation with respect to shares of stock of the Corporation, has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 7.04(a).
Transfer Agent” means, with respect to any class or series of stock, such bank, trust company or other Person as shall be appointed from time to time by the Board of Directors to act as registrar and transfer agent for such class or series of stock.
U.S. GAAP” means U.S. generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied.
voting securities” shall have the meaning set forth in 12 C.F.R. §225.2(q) or any successor provision.
Widely Dispersed Offering” means a transfer by any holder of shares of Non-Voting Common Stock of shares of Non-Voting Common Stock: (i) pursuant to a widespread public distribution, including any public offering or public sale of securities of the Corporation (including a public offering registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and a public sale pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any similar rule then in force), (ii) to a person if, after such transfer, such person would own or control more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Corporation, without any transfer from any holder of Non-Voting Common Stock (including pursuant to a merger, consolidation or similar transaction involving the Corporation, if, after such transaction, a person would own or control more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Corporation (provided that the transaction has been approved by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof)); or (iii) to a person or group of associated persons (within the meaning of the Exchange Act) in a transaction or series of related transactions in which no transferee would receive in such transaction or series of related transactions more than 2% of any class of voting securities of the Corporation.
Withdrawn Member” means a Person who ceases to be a member of Ares Partners Holdco.
Article XXII
INCORPORATOR

The incorporator of the Corporation is Ares Management GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, whose mailing address is 2000 Avenue of the Stars, 12th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90067.
Article XXIII
MISCELLANEOUS

Section 23.01    Invalidity of Provisions. If any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not be affected thereby.

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Section 23.02    Interpretation.

(a)    Unless a clear contrary intention appears: (i) the defined terms herein shall apply equally to both the singular and plural forms of such terms; (ii) reference to any Person includes such Person’s successors and assigns but, if applicable, only if such successors and assigns are not prohibited by this Certificate of Incorporation, and reference to a Person in a particular capacity excludes such Person in any other capacity or individually; (iii) any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms; (iv) reference to any agreement, document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended or modified and in effect from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof; (v) reference to any law, rule or regulation means such law, rule or regulation as amended, modified, codified, replaced or reenacted, in whole or in part, and in effect from time to time, including rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and reference to any section or other provision of any law, rule or regulation means that provision of such law, rule or regulation from time to time in effect and constituting the substantive amendment, modification, codification, replacement or reenactment of such section or other provision; (vi) “hereunder,” “hereof,” “hereto,” and words of similar import shall be deemed references to this Certificate of Incorporation as a whole and not to any particular article, section or other provision hereof; (vii) numbered or lettered articles, sections and subsections herein contained refer to articles, sections and subsections of this Certificate of Incorporation; (viii) “including” (and with correlative meaning “include”) means including without limiting the generality of any description preceding such term; (ix) “or” is used in the inclusive sense of “and/or”; (x) references to documents, instruments or agreements shall be deemed to refer as well to all addenda, exhibits, schedules or amendments thereto; and (xi) reference to dollars or $ shall be deemed to refer to U.S. dollars.
(b)    All headings herein are inserted only for convenience and ease of reference and are not to be considered in the construction or interpretation of any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation.
* * * *
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned authorized officer of the Corporation has executed this Restated Certificate of Incorporation on this 1st day of April, 2021.

By: /s/ Anton Feingold
Name: Anton Feingold
Title: Assistant Secretary
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Exhibit 10.1

FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

OF

ARES HOLDINGS L.P.

Dated as of April 1, 2021






THE PARTNERSHIP UNITS OF ARES HOLDINGS L.P. HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE, PROVINCE OR ANY OTHER APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS AND ARE BEING SOLD IN RELIANCE UPON EXEMPTIONS FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND SUCH LAWS. SUCH UNITS MUST BE ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT ONLY AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED, SOLD, ASSIGNED OR TRANSFERRED AT ANY TIME EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH (I) THE SECURITIES ACT, ANY APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OR PROVINCE, AND ANY OTHER APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS; (II) THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT; AND (III) ANY OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS AGREED TO IN WRITING BETWEEN THE GENERAL PARTNER AND THE APPLICABLE LIMITED PARTNER. THE UNITS MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OF RECORD EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH SUCH LAWS, THIS FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT, AND ANY OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS AGREED TO IN WRITING BY THE GENERAL PARTNER AND THE APPLICABLE LIMITED PARTNER. THEREFORE, PURCHASERS AND OTHER TRANSFEREES OF SUCH UNITS WILL BE REQUIRED TO BEAR THE RISK OF THEIR INVESTMENT OR ACQUISITION FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD OF TIME.



Table of Contents

Article I DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1 Definitions
Section 1.2 Interpretation
Article II FORMATION, TERM, PURPOSE AND POWERS
Section 2.1 Conversion; Name; Foreign Jurisdictions
Section 2.2 Business Purpose
Section 2.3 Term
Section 2.4 Registered Office; Registered Agent
Section 2.5 Principal Office
Section 2.6 Powers of the Partnership
Section 2.7 Partners; Admission of New Partners
Section 2.8 Withdrawal
Article III MANAGEMENT
Section 3.1 General Partner
Section 3.2 Compensation
Section 3.3 Expenses
Section 3.4 Officers
Section 3.5 Authority of Partners
Section 3.6 Action by Written Consent or Ratification
Article IV DISTRIBUTIONS
Section 4.1 Distributions
Section 4.2 Liquidation Distribution
Section 4.3 Limitations on Distribution
Article V CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; TAX ALLOCATIONS; TAX MATTERS
Section 5.1 Initial Capital Contributions
Section 5.2 No Additional Capital Contributions
Section 5.3 Capital Accounts
Section 5.4 Allocations of Profits and Losses
Section 5.5 Special Allocations
Section 5.6 Tax Allocations
Section 5.7 Tax Advances
Section 5.8 Tax Matters
Section 5.9 Other Allocation Provisions
Article VI BOOKS AND RECORDS; REPORTS
Section 6.1 Books and Records
Article VII PARTNERSHIP UNITS
Section 7.1 Units
Section 7.2 Register



Section 7.3 Registered Partners
Article VIII VESTING; FORFEITURE OF INTERESTS; TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS
Section 8.1 Vesting of Unvested Units
Section 8.2 Forfeiture of Units
Section 8.3 Limited Partner Transfers
Section 8.4 Mandatory Exchanges
Section 8.5 Encumbrances
Section 8.6 Further Restrictions
Section 8.7 Rights of Assignees
Section 8.8 Admissions, Withdrawals and Removals
Section 8.9 Admission of Assignees as Substitute Limited Partners
Section 8.10 Withdrawal and Removal of Limited Partners
Article IX DISSOLUTION, LIQUIDATION AND TERMINATION
Section 9.1 No Dissolution
Section 9.2 Events Causing Dissolution
Section 9.3 Distribution upon Dissolution
Section 9.4 Time for Liquidation
Section 9.5 Termination
Section 9.6 Claims of the Partners
Section 9.7 Survival of Certain Provisions
Article X LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
Section 10.1 Duties; Liabilities; Exculpation
Section 10.2 Indemnification
Article XI MISCELLANEOUS
Section 11.1 Dispute Resolution
Section 11.2 Severability
Section 11.3 Binding Effect
Section 11.4 Further Assurances
Section 11.5 Expenses
Section 11.6 Amendments and Waivers
Section 11.7 No Third Party Beneficiaries
Section 11.8 Power of Attorney
Section 11.9 Letter Agreements; Schedules
Section 11.10 Governing Law; Separability
Section 11.11 Notices
Section 11.12 Counterparts
Section 11.13 Cumulative Remedies
Section 11.14 Entire Agreement
Section 11.15 Partnership Status
Section 11.16 Limited Partner Representations



Article XII TERMS, PREFERENCES, RIGHTS, POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE SERIES A PREFERRED MIRROR UNITS
Section 12.1 Designation
Section 12.2 Definitions
Section 12.3 Distributions
Section 12.4 Rank
Section 12.5 Redemption
Section 12.6 Distribution Rate
Section 12.7 Voting
Section 12.8 Liquidation Rights
Section 12.9 Amendments and Waivers
Section 12.10 No Conversion
Section 12.11 No Third Party Beneficiaries




FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
OF
ARES HOLDINGS L.P.

FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) of Ares Holdings L.P., dated as of April 1, 2021 (the “Effective Date”), among Ares Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as general partner, and the Limited Partners (as defined herein) of the Partnership.
WHEREAS, Ares Holdings LLC (“AH LLC”) was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on May 24, 2007;
WHEREAS, on or prior to June 8, 2016, all necessary action was taken to authorize AH LLC’s conversion to Ares Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Partnership”), under the 2013 Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of AH LLC, dated as of July 31, 2013 (the “LLC Agreement”), and the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (6 Del. C. § 18-101, et seq.) (the “LLC Act”), including the approval by AH LLC’s manager of the conversion of AH LLC from a limited liability company to a limited partnership pursuant to an action by written consent dated on or about June 8, 2016;
WHEREAS, on June 8, 2016, AH LLC was converted to a limited partnership (the “Conversion”) pursuant to Section 17-217 of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (6 Del. C. § 17-101, et seq.) (the “Act”) and Section 18-216 of the LLC Act by causing the filing in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware of a Certificate of Conversion to Limited Partnership of AH LLC and a Certificate of Limited Partnership of the Partnership (the “Certificate”);
WHEREAS, the parties hereto entered into the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of the Partnership, effective as of March 1, 2018 (the “A&R Partnership Agreement”);
WHEREAS, effective as of November 26, 2018, Ares Management, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, has filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Conversion to convert to Ares Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation, in accordance with the Delaware General Corporation Law (8 Del. C. § 101, et seq.) and the Act (the “Issuer Conversion”);
WHEREAS, in connection with the Issuer Conversion, the parties hereto entered into the Third Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of the Partnership, effective as of November 26, 2018 (the “Third A&R Partnership Agreement”);
WHEREAS, on the Effective Date, certain indirect subsidiaries of the Issuer entered into a series of transactions, pursuant to which, among other items, Ares Investments L.P. and Ares Offshore Holdings L.P. merged with and into the Partnership, with the Partnership continuing as the surviving entity (the “Internal Restructuring”); and
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WHEREAS, in connection with the Internal Restructuring, the parties hereto now desire to amend and restate the Third A&R Partnership Agreement as hereinafter set forth.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
Article I
DEFINITIONS

Section 1.1    Definitions. Unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall have the following meanings for purposes of this Agreement:
A&R Partnership Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Act” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Additional Credit Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(b)(ii).
Adjusted Capital Account Balance” means, with respect to each Partner, the balance in such Partner’s Capital Account adjusted (i) by taking into account the adjustments, allocations and distributions described in Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6); and (ii) by adding to such balance such Partner’s share of Partnership Minimum Gain and Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain, determined pursuant to Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-2(g) and 1.704-2(i)(5), any amounts such Partner is obligated to restore pursuant to any provision of this Agreement or by applicable Law. The foregoing definition of Adjusted Capital Account Balance is intended to comply with the provisions of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, the Person in question. As used herein, the term “control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.
AH LLC” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Amended Tax Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(b)(ii).
Ares Company” means any of (i) the Issuer, (ii) Ares Management GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, (iii) Ares Voting LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, (iv) any entity that is or becomes part of the Ares Operating Group and (v) any entity in which any the foregoing directly or indirectly owns a majority interest or which any of the foregoing controls, or through which any of the foregoing directly or indirectly manages, directs or invests in a Fund, but excluding any Fund.
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Ares Operating Group” means, collectively, the Partnership and any future entity designated by the Issuer in its discretion as an Ares Operating Group entity for purposes of this Agreement.
Ares Owners Class IND Units” has the meaning given to “Class IND Units” in the Ares Owners LP Agreement.
Ares Owners Class OG Units” has the meaning given to “Class OG Units” in the Ares Owners LP Agreement.
Ares Owners LP” means Ares Owners Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
Ares Owners LP Agreement” means the limited partnership agreement of Ares Owners LP.
Ares Owners Mirror Units” means Class Mirror Units (as defined in the Ares Owners LP Agreement).
Assignee” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.7.
Assumed Tax Rate” means the highest effective marginal combined U.S. federal, state and local income tax rate for a Fiscal Year prescribed for an individual or corporate resident in Los Angeles, California or New York, New York, whichever is higher (taking into account (a) the nondeductibility of expenses subject to the limitation described in Section 67(a) of the Code (if applicable) and (b) the character (e.g., long-term or short-term capital gain or ordinary or exempt income) of the applicable income, but not taking into account the deductibility of state and local income taxes for U.S. federal income tax purposes). For the avoidance of doubt, the Assumed Tax Rate will be the same for all Partners.
Available Cash” means, with respect to any fiscal period, the amount of cash on hand which the General Partner, in its sole discretion, deems available for distribution to the Partners, taking into account all debts, liabilities and obligations of the Partnership then due and amounts which the General Partner, in its sole discretion, deems necessary to expend or retain for working capital or otherwise or to place into reserves.
Capital Account” means the separate capital account maintained for each Partner in accordance with Section 5.3 hereof.
Capital Contribution” means, with respect to any Partner, the aggregate amount of money contributed to the Partnership and the Carrying Value of any property (other than money), net of any liabilities assumed by the Partnership upon contribution or to which such property is subject, contributed to the Partnership pursuant to Article V.
Carrying Value” means, with respect to any Partnership asset, the asset’s adjusted basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except that the initial carrying value of assets contributed to the Partnership shall be their respective gross fair market values on the date of contribution as determined by the General Partner, and the Carrying Values of all Partnership assets shall be
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adjusted to equal their respective fair market values, in accordance with the rules set forth in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f), except as otherwise provided herein, as of: (a) the date of the acquisition of any additional Partnership interest by any new or existing Partner in exchange for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution; (b) the date of the distribution of more than a de minimis amount of Partnership assets to a Partner; (c) the date a Partnership interest is relinquished to the Partnership; or (d) any other date specified in the Treasury Regulations; provided that adjustments pursuant to clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) above shall be made only if such adjustments are deemed necessary or appropriate by the General Partner to reflect the relative economic interests of the Partners. The Carrying Value of any Partnership asset distributed to any Partner shall be adjusted immediately before such distribution to equal its fair market value. In the case of any asset that has a Carrying Value that differs from its adjusted tax basis, Carrying Value shall be adjusted by the amount of depreciation calculated for purposes of the definition of “Profits (Losses)” rather than the amount of depreciation determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and depreciation shall be calculated by reference to Carrying Value rather than tax basis once Carrying Value differs from tax basis.
Certificate” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Class” means the classes of Units into which the interests in the Partnership may be classified or divided from time to time by the General Partner in its sole discretion pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement. As of the Effective Date, the only Classes of Units are Class A Units and Series A Preferred Mirror Units. Subclasses within a Class shall not be separate Classes for purposes of this Agreement. For all purposes hereunder and under the Act, only such Classes expressly established under this Agreement, including by the General Partner in accordance with this Agreement, shall be deemed to be a class of interests in the Partnership. For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent that the General Partner holds interests of any Class, the General Partner shall not be deemed to hold a separate Class of such interests from any other Partner because it is the General Partner.
Class A Units” means the Units of partnership interest in the Partnership designated as the “Class A Units” herein and having the rights pertaining thereto as are set forth in this Agreement.
Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
Collateral Agreement” means any security agreement, pledge agreement or similar agreement relating to any Credit Agreement.
Common Shares” means shares of Class A Common Stock of the Issuer.
Consenting Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.1(a).
Contingencies” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.3(a).
Conversion” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
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Corresponding Rate” means the number of Class A Units that would be forfeited or cancelled upon the forfeiture or cancellation of Ares Owners Mirror Units or Common Shares pursuant to any agreements governing such Ares Owners Mirror Units or Common Shares, as applicable. As of the Effective Date, the Corresponding Rate shall be 1 for 1. The Corresponding Rate shall be adjusted accordingly by the General Partner in its sole discretion upon: (a) any subdivision (by any share or unit split, share or unit distribution, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse share or unit split, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) of the Class A Units that is not accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination of the Ares Owners Mirror Units, as applicable, or Common Shares, as applicable; or (b) any subdivision (by any unit split, unit distribution, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse unit split, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) of the Ares Owners Mirror Units, as applicable, or Common Shares, as applicable, that is not accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination of the Class A Units.
Credit Agreement” means any facility for borrowed money of Ares Management LLC or an affiliate of Ares Management LLC.
Credit Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(b)(ii).
Creditable Non-U.S. Tax” means a non-U.S. tax paid or accrued for U.S. federal income tax purposes by the Partnership, in either case to the extent that such tax is eligible for credit under Section 901(a) of the Code. A non-U.S. tax is a Creditable Non-U.S. Tax for these purposes without regard to whether a partner receiving an allocation of such non-U.S. tax elects to claim a credit for such amount. This definition is intended to be consistent with the term “creditable foreign tax” in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(viii), and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
Disabling Event” means the General Partner ceasing to be the general partner of the Partnership pursuant to Section 17-402 of the Act.
Dissolution Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2.
Effective Date” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
Encumbrance” means any mortgage, hypothecation, claim, lien, encumbrance, conditional sales or other title retention agreement, right of first refusal, preemptive right, pledge, option, charge, security interest or other similar interest, easement, judgment or imperfection of title of any nature whatsoever.
ERISA” means The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Exchange Agreement” means the Fifth Amended and Restated Exchange Agreement, dated as of or about the Effective Date, among the Issuer, the Ares Operating Group entities, the
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limited partners of the Ares Operating Group entities (or their designees or Affiliates) from time to time party thereto, and the other parties thereto.
Exchange Transaction” means an exchange of Class A Units for Common Shares pursuant to, and in accordance with, the Exchange Agreement or, if the Issuer and the exchanging Limited Partner shall mutually agree, a Transfer of Class A Units to the Issuer, the Partnership or any of their subsidiaries for other consideration.
Family Member” means, with respect to any Limited Partner who is a natural person, such Limited Partner’s spouse, parents, siblings and children and any other natural person who occupies the same principal residence as such Limited Partner, and the spouses, descendants and ancestors of each of the foregoing.
Final Tax Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(b)(ii).
Fiscal Year” means the period commencing on January 1 and ending on December 31 of each year, except (a) for the short taxable years in the years of the Partnership’s formation (i.e., the year in which AH LLC was formed) and termination and (b) as otherwise elected by the General Partner in its sole discretion or required by the Code.
Fund” means any fund, investment vehicle or account whose investments are managed or advised by an Ares Company.
GAAP” means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America as in effect from time to time.
General Partner” means Ares Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or any successor general partner admitted to the Partnership in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
Gross Ordinary Income” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.5(d).
Incapacity” means, with respect to any Person, the bankruptcy, dissolution, termination, entry of an order of incompetence, or the insanity, permanent disability or death of such Person.
Indemnitee” means (a) the General Partner, (b) any Person who is or was a “tax matters partner” (as defined in the Code prior to amendment by P.L 114-74) or “partnership representative” (as defined in Section 6223 of the Code after amendment by P.L. 114-74), officer or director of the General Partner, (c) any officer or director of the General Partner who is or was serving at the request of the General Partner as a director, officer, employee, trustee, fiduciary, partner, tax matters partner, partnership representative, member, representative, agent or advisor of another Person; provided that a Person shall not be an Indemnitee by reason of providing, on a fee-for-services basis or similar arm’s-length compensatory basis, agency, advisory, consulting, trustee, fiduciary or custodial services, (d) any Person the General Partner in its sole discretion designates as an “Indemnitee” for purposes of this Agreement and (e) any heir, executor or administrator with respect to Persons named in clauses (a) through (d).
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Internal Restructuring” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Issuer” means Ares Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation.
Issuer Certificate of Incorporation” means the Certificate of Incorporation of the Issuer, dated on or about the Effective Date.
Issuer Conversion” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Law” means any statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, executive order, injunction, judgment, decree or other order issued or promulgated by any national, supranational, state, federal, provincial, local or municipal government or any administrative or regulatory body with authority therefrom with jurisdiction over the Partnership or any Partner, as the case may be.
Limited Partner” means each of the Persons from time to time listed as a limited partner in the books and records of the Partnership, and, for purposes of Sections 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5 and 8.6, any Permitted Transferee of such Limited Partner.
Liquidation Agent” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.3.
LLC Act” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
LLC Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Net Taxable Income” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(b)(i).
Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning set forth in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(b). The amount of Nonrecourse Deductions of the Partnership for a fiscal year equals the net increase, if any, in the amount of Partnership Minimum Gain of the Partnership during that fiscal year, determined according to the provisions of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(c).
Officer” means each Person designated as an officer of the Partnership by the General Partner pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Section 3.4, subject to any resolutions of the General Partner appointing such Person as an officer of the Partnership or relating to such appointment.
Original Agreement” means the Limited Partnership Agreement of Ares Management, L.P., dated as of May 1, 2014.
Partially Unvested Partner” means any Partner with Unvested Units.
Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain” means an amount with respect to each partner nonrecourse debt (as defined in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(4)) equal to the Partnership Minimum Gain that would result if such partner nonrecourse debt were treated as a nonrecourse liability (as defined in Treasury Regulations Section 1.752-1(a)(2)) determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(3).
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Partner Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning ascribed to the term “partner nonrecourse deductions” set forth in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2).
Partners” means, at any time, each Person listed as a Partner (including the General Partner) on the books and records of the Partnership, in each case for so long as he, she or it remains a partner of the Partnership as provided hereunder.
Partnership” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Partnership Minimum Gain” has the meaning set forth in Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-2(b)(2) and 1.704-2(d).
Permitted Transferee” means, with respect to a Limited Partner, (a) its Principal, if any, (b) any trust for the primary benefit of the Family Members of such Limited Partner or the Family Members of such Limited Partner’s Principal; provided that, in each case, either (i) such Limited Partner or its Principal, if any or (ii) a bona fide third party trustee continues to hold, directly or indirectly, 100% of the voting interests of such trust until the death or legal incapacity of such Limited Partner or its Principal, if any; or (c) any entity of which such Limited Partner and any Permitted Transferees or Family Members of such Limited Partner collectively are beneficial owners of 100% of the equity interests; provided that either such (i) Limited Partner or its Principal, if any, or (ii) a bona fide third party trustee continues to hold, directly or indirectly, 100% of the voting interests of such entity until the death or legal incapacity of such Limited Partner or its Principal, if any.
Person” means an individual or a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization, association (including any group, organization, co-tenancy, plan, board, council or committee), government (including a country, state, county, or any other governmental or political subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof) or other entity (or series thereof).
Preferred Units” means a Class of Units, in one or more series, designated as “Preferred Units,” which entitles the holder thereof to a preference with respect to the payment of distributions over the Class A Units and any other Junior Units then outstanding as set forth herein.
Primary Indemnification” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a).
Principal,” with respect to any Limited Partner, has the meaning set forth in a Supplemental Agreement applicable to such Limited Partner.
Prior General Partner” means Ares Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation.
Profits” and “Losses” means, for each Fiscal Year or other period, the taxable income or loss of the Partnership, or particular items thereof, determined in accordance with the accounting method used by the Partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes with the following adjustments: (a) all items of income, gain, loss or deduction allocated pursuant to Section 5.5
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shall not be taken into account in computing such taxable income or loss; (b) any income of the Partnership that is exempt from U.S. federal income taxation and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits and Losses shall be added to such taxable income or loss; (c) if the Carrying Value of any asset differs from its adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, any gain or loss resulting from a disposition of such asset shall be calculated with reference to such Carrying Value; (d) upon an adjustment to the Carrying Value (other than an adjustment in respect of depreciation) of any asset, pursuant to the definition of Carrying Value, the amount of the adjustment shall be included as gain or loss in computing such taxable income or loss; (e) if the Carrying Value of any asset differs from its adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the amount of depreciation, amortization or cost recovery deductions with respect to such asset for purposes of determining Profits and Losses, if any, shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to such Carrying Value as the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deductions bears to such adjusted tax basis (provided that if the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deduction is zero, the General Partner may use any reasonable method for purposes of determining depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deductions in calculating Profits and Losses); and (f) except for items in (a) above, any expenditures of the Partnership not deductible in computing taxable income or loss, not properly capitalizable and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits and Losses pursuant to this definition shall be treated as deductible items.
Relevant Entity” means any Ares Company and any entity in which any Ares Company, directly or indirectly, owns any interest, and any Fund to which any Ares Company provides services.
Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933.
Series A Preferred Mirror Units” means the Class of Preferred Units designated as “7.00% Series A Preferred Mirror Units” pursuant to Section 12.1.
Service Provider” means any Limited Partner (in his, her or its individual capacity) or other Person, who at the time in question, is employed by or providing services to any Ares Company.
Similar Law” means any law or regulation that could cause the underlying assets of the Partnership to be treated as assets of a Partner by virtue of its partner interest in the Partnership and thereby subject the Partnership and the General Partner (or other persons responsible for the investment and operation of the Partnership’s assets) to laws or regulations that are similar to the fiduciary responsibility or prohibited transaction provisions contained in Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.
Supplemental Agreement” means, with respect to any Limited Partner, any unitization letter, fair competition agreement or other supplemental agreement with such Limited Partner or its Principal containing terms modifying, supplementing or otherwise affecting the rights or obligations of such Limited Partner hereunder.
Tax Advances” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.7.
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Tax Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(b)(i).
Tax Distributions” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(b)(i).
Third A&R Partnership Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Total Percentage Interest” means, with respect to any Partner, the quotient obtained by dividing the number of Class A Units (vested and unvested) then owned by such Partner by the number of Class A Units (vested and unvested) then owned by all Partners.
Transfer” means, in respect of any Unit, property or other asset, any sale, assignment, transfer, distribution, exchange, mortgage, pledge, hypothecation or other disposition thereof, whether voluntarily or by operation of Law, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, including the exchange of any Unit for any other security. “Transferee”, “Transferor”, “Transferring”, “Transferred” and similar terms have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
Treasury Regulations” means the income tax regulations, including temporary regulations, promulgated under the Code.
Units” means the Class A Units, the Preferred Units and any other Class of Units that is established in accordance with this Agreement, which shall constitute interests in the Partnership as provided in this Agreement and under the Act, entitling the holders thereof to the relative rights, title and interests in the profits, losses, deductions and credits of the Partnership at any particular time as set forth in this Agreement, and any and all other benefits to which a holder thereof may be entitled as a Partner as provided in this Agreement, together with the obligations of such Partner to comply with all terms and provisions of this Agreement.
Unvested Units” means those Units from time to time listed as unvested Units in the books and records of the Partnership.
Vested Units” means those Units listed as vested Units in the books and records of the Partnership, as the same may be amended from time to time in accordance with this Agreement.
Section 1.2    Interpretation.
(a)    Unless a clear contrary intention appears: (i) the defined terms herein shall apply equally to both the singular and plural forms of such terms; (ii) reference to any Person includes such Person’s successors and assigns but, if applicable, only if such successors and assigns are not prohibited by this Agreement, and reference to a Person in a particular capacity excludes such Person in any other capacity or individually; (iii) any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms; (iv) reference to any agreement, document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended or modified and in effect from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof; (v) reference to any law, rule or regulation means such law, rule or regulation as amended, modified, codified, replaced or reenacted, in whole or in part, and in effect from time to time, including rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and reference to any section or other provision of any law, rule or
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regulation means that provision of such law, rule or regulation from time to time in effect and constituting the substantive amendment, modification, codification, replacement or reenactment of such section or other provision; (vi) “hereunder,” “hereof,” “hereto,” and words of similar import shall be deemed references to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular article, section or other provision hereof; (vii) numbered or lettered articles, sections and subsections herein contained refer to articles, sections and subsections of this Agreement; (viii) “including” (and with correlative meaning “include”) means including without limiting the generality of any description preceding such term; (ix) “or” is used in the inclusive sense of “and/or”; (x) references to documents, instruments or agreements shall be deemed to refer as well to all addenda, exhibits, schedules or amendments thereto; and (xi) reference to dollars or $ shall be deemed to refer to U.S. dollars.
(b)    All headings herein are inserted only for convenience and ease of reference and are not to be considered in the construction or interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.
Article II
FORMATION, TERM, PURPOSE AND POWERS

Section 2.1    Conversion; Name; Foreign Jurisdictions.
(a)    Effective as of the time of the Conversion, (i) the LLC Agreement and certificate of formation were replaced and superseded in their entirety by the Original Agreement and the Certificate, (ii) all of the limited liability company interests in AH LLC issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Conversion were converted into Class A Units, (iii) each of those Persons who executed a counterpart to this Agreement as a Limited Partner on May 1, 2014 was admitted to the Partnership as a Limited Partner, and (iv) the Prior General Partner was admitted to the Partnership as the general partner. On or about August 4, 2015, the Prior General Partner withdrew as the general partner of the Partnership and the General Partner was admitted and substituted as the general partner of the Partnership.
(b)    The name of the Partnership is “Ares Holdings L.P.” or such other name as the General Partner may from time to time hereafter designate. If requested by the General Partner, the Limited Partners shall promptly execute all certificates and other documents consistent with the terms of this Agreement necessary for the General Partner to accomplish all filing, recording, publishing and other acts as may be appropriate to comply with all requirements for (i) the formation and operation of a limited partnership under the laws of the State of Delaware, (ii) if the General Partner deems it advisable, the operation of the Partnership as a limited partnership, or partnership in which the Limited Partners have limited liability, in all jurisdictions where the Partnership proposes to operate and (iii) all other filings required to be made by the Partnership. The rights, powers, duties, obligations and liabilities of the Partners shall be determined pursuant to the Act and this Agreement. To the extent that the rights, powers, duties, obligations and liabilities of any Partner are different by reason of any provision of this Agreement than they would be in the absence of such provision, this Agreement shall, to the extent permitted by the Act, control. The execution and filing of the Certificate and each
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amendment thereto and the Conversion is hereby ratified, approved and confirmed by the Partners.
(c)    The General Partner may take all action which may be necessary or appropriate (i) for the continuation of the Partnership’s valid existence as a limited partnership under the laws of the State of Delaware (and of each other jurisdiction in which such existence is necessary to enable the Partnership to conduct the business in which it is engaged) and (ii) for the maintenance, preservation and operation of the business of the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and applicable laws and regulations. The General Partner may file or cause to be filed for recordation in the proper office or offices in each other jurisdiction in which the Partnership is formed or qualified, such certificates (including certificates of limited partnership and fictitious name certificates) and other documents as are required by the applicable statutes, rules or regulations of any such jurisdiction or as are required to reflect the identity of the Partners. The General Partner may cause the Partnership to comply, to the extent procedures are available and those matters are reasonably within the control of the Officers, with all requirements necessary to qualify the Partnership to do business in any jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware.
Section 2.2    Business Purpose. The Partnership was formed for the object and purpose of, and the nature and character of the business to be conducted by the Partnership is, engaging in any lawful act or activity for which limited partnerships may be formed under the Act.
Section 2.3    Term. The term of the Partnership shall continue until the Partnership is dissolved and its affairs are wound up in accordance with this Agreement.
Section 2.4    Registered Office; Registered Agent. The address of the registered office of the Company in the State of Delaware is c/o Corporation Service Company, 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19808. The name of the registered agent of the Company at such address is Corporation Service Company. The General Partner may from time to time change the registered agent or registered office of the Partnership in the State of Delaware by an amendment to the Certificate, and upon the filing of such an amendment, this Agreement shall be deemed amended accordingly.
Section 2.5    Principal Office. The principal office address of the Partnership shall be at such place or places as the General Partner may determine from time to time.
Section 2.6    Powers of the Partnership. Subject to the limitations set forth in this Agreement, the Partnership (i) will possess and may exercise all of the powers and privileges granted to it by the Act including the ownership and operation of the assets and other property contributed to the Partnership by the Partners, by any other Law or this Agreement, together with all powers incidental thereto, and (ii) may execute, deliver and perform all contracts, agreements and other undertakings and engage in all activities and transactions, in each case, so far as such powers, activities or transactions are necessary, desirable, convenient or incidental to, or in furtherance of, the conduct, promotion or attainment of the purpose of the Partnership set forth in Section 2.2.
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Section 2.7    Partners; Admission of New Partners. Each of the Persons listed in the books and records of the Partnership, as the same may be amended from time to time in accordance with this Agreement, by virtue of the execution of this Agreement (or the Original Agreement), are admitted as Partners of the Partnership. The rights, duties and liabilities of the Partners shall be as provided in the Act, except as is otherwise expressly provided herein, and the Partners consent to the variation of such rights, duties and liabilities as provided herein. Subject to Section 8.9 with respect to substitute Limited Partners, a Person may be admitted from time to time as a new Limited Partner with the written consent of the General Partner in its sole discretion. Each new Limited Partner shall execute and deliver to the General Partner an appropriate supplement to this Agreement pursuant to which the new Limited Partner agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Agreement, as it may be amended from time to time. A new General Partner or substitute General Partner may be admitted to the Partnership solely in accordance with Section 8.8 or Section 9.2(e) hereof.
Section 2.8    Withdrawal. No Partner may withdraw from the Partnership, provided that (a) a Limited Partner may withdraw from the Partnership following the Transfer of all Units owned by such Limited Partner in accordance with Article VIII and (b) subject to Section 8.8, the General Partner may withdraw without the consent of any other Partner.
Article III
MANAGEMENT

Section 3.1    General Partner.
(a)    The business, property and affairs of the Partnership shall be managed under the sole, absolute and exclusive direction of the General Partner, which may from time to time delegate authority to Officers or to others to act on behalf of the Partnership.
(b)    Without limiting the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.1, the General Partner shall have the general power to manage or cause the management of the Partnership (which may be delegated to Officers of the Partnership), including the following powers:
(i)    to develop and prepare a business plan each year;
(ii)    to execute and deliver or to authorize the execution and delivery of contracts, deeds, leases, licenses, instruments of transfer and other documents on behalf of the Partnership;
(iii)    the making of any expenditures, the lending or borrowing of money, the assumption or guarantee of, or other contracting for, indebtedness and other liabilities, the issuance of evidences of indebtedness and the incurring of any other obligations;
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(iv)    the making of tax, regulatory and other filings, or rendering of periodic or other reports to governmental or other agencies having jurisdiction over the business or assets of the Partnership;
(v)    to select and dismiss employees (including employees having such titles as the General Partner may determine in its sole discretion) and agents, representatives, outside attorneys, accountants, consultants and contractors and to determine their compensation and other terms of employment or hiring;
(vi)    to establish and enforce limits of authority and internal controls with respect to all personnel and functions;
(vii)    to develop or cause to be developed accounting procedures for the maintenance of the Partnership’s books of account;
(viii)    the control of any matters affecting the rights and obligations of the Partnership, including the bringing and defending of actions at law or in equity and otherwise engaging in the conduct of litigation, arbitration or mediation and the incurring of legal expense and the settlement of claims and litigation;
(ix)    the indemnification of any Person against liabilities and contingencies to the extent permitted by law;
(x)    the purchase, sale or other acquisition or disposition of Units; and
(xi)    to do all such other acts as shall be authorized in this Agreement or by the Partners in writing from time to time.
(c)    In exercising its authority under this Agreement, the General Partner may, but shall be under no obligation or duty to, take into account the tax consequences to any Partner (including the General Partner) of any action taken (or not taken) by it. The General Partner and the Partnership shall not have any liability to a Limited Partner for monetary damages, equitable relief or otherwise for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by such Limited Partner in connection with such decisions.
Section 3.2    Compensation
. The General Partner shall not be entitled to any compensation for services rendered to the Partnership in its capacity as General Partner.
Section 3.3    Expenses
. The Partnership shall pay, or cause to be paid, all costs, fees, operating expenses and other expenses of the Partnership (including the costs, fees and expenses of attorneys, accountants or other professionals) incurred in pursuing and conducting, or otherwise related to, the activities of the Partnership. The Partnership shall also, in the sole discretion of the General Partner, bear or reimburse the General Partner for (i) any costs, fees or expenses incurred by the
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General Partner (or any direct or indirect equityholders of the General Partner) in connection with serving as the General Partner, (ii) all other expenses allocable to the Partnership or otherwise incurred by the General Partner (or any direct or indirect equityholders of the General Partner) in connection with operating the Partnership’s business (including expenses allocated to the General Partner (or any direct or indirect equityholders of the General Partner) by its Affiliates) and (iii) all costs, fees or expenses owed directly or indirectly by the Partnership or the General Partner to the Issuer (or any direct or indirect equityholders of the Issuer) pursuant to their reimbursement obligations under, or which are otherwise allocated to the General Partner (or any direct or indirect equityholders of the General Partner) pursuant to, the Issuer Certificate of Incorporation. If the General Partner determines in its sole discretion that such expenses are related to the business and affairs of the General Partner that are conducted through the Partnership or its subsidiaries (including expenses that relate to the business and affairs of the Partnership or its subsidiaries and that also relate to other activities of the General Partner), the General Partner may cause the Partnership to pay or bear all expenses of the General Partner (or any direct or indirect equityholders of the General Partner), including compensation and meeting costs of any board of directors or similar body of the General Partner, any salary, bonus, incentive compensation and other amounts paid to any Person including Affiliates of the General Partner to perform services for the Partnership, litigation costs and damages arising from litigation, accounting and legal costs and franchise taxes. Reimbursements pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be in addition to any reimbursement to the General Partner as a result of indemnification pursuant to Section 10.2.
Section 3.4    Officers
. Subject to the direction and oversight of the General Partner, the day-to-day administration of the business of the Partnership may be carried out by persons who may be designated as officers by the General Partner, with titles including but not limited to “assistant secretary,” “assistant treasurer,” “chief executive officer,” “chief financial officer,” “chief legal officer,” “chief operating officer,” “chief compliance officer,” “general counsel,” “managing director,” “president,” “executive vice president,” “senior vice president,” “vice president,” “principal accounting officer,” “secretary,” or “treasurer,” and as and to the extent authorized by the General Partner. The officers of the Partnership shall have such titles and powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the General Partner and otherwise as shall customarily pertain to such offices. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. In its sole discretion, the General Partner may choose not to fill any office for any period as it may deem advisable. All officers and other persons providing services to or for the benefit of the Partnership shall be subject to the supervision and direction of the General Partner and may be removed, with or without cause, from such office by the General Partner and the authority, duties or responsibilities of any employee, agent or officer of the Partnership may be suspended by the General Partner from time to time, in each case in the sole discretion of the General Partner. The General Partner shall not cease to be a general partner of the Partnership as a result of the delegation of any duties hereunder. No officer of the Partnership, in its capacity as such, shall be considered a general partner of the Partnership by agreement, as a result of the performance of its duties hereunder or otherwise.
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Section 3.5    Authority of Partners
. No Limited Partner, in its capacity as such, shall participate in or have any control over the business of the Partnership. Except as expressly provided herein, the Units do not confer any rights upon the Limited Partners to participate in the affairs of the Partnership described in this Agreement. Except as expressly provided herein, no Limited Partner shall have any right to vote on any matter involving the Partnership, including with respect to any merger, consolidation, combination or conversion of the Partnership, or any other matter that a limited partner might otherwise have the ability to vote on or consent with respect to under the Act, at law, in equity or otherwise. The conduct, control and management of the Partnership shall be vested exclusively in the General Partner. In all matters relating to or arising out of the conduct of the operation of the Partnership, the decision of the General Partner shall be the decision of the Partnership. Except as required or permitted by Law, or expressly provided in the ultimate sentence of this Section 3.5 or by separate agreement with the Partnership, no Partner who is not also a General Partner (and acting in such capacity) shall take any part in the management or control of the operation or business of the Partnership in its capacity as a Partner, nor shall any Partner who is not also a General Partner (and acting in such capacity) have any right, authority or power to act for or on behalf of or bind the Partnership in his or its capacity as a Partner in any respect or assume any obligation or responsibility of the Partnership or of any other Partner. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Partnership may from time to time appoint one or more Partners as officers or employ one or more Partners as employees, and such Partners, in their capacity as officers or employees of the Partnership (and not, for clarity, in their capacity as Limited Partners of the Partnership), may take part in the control and management of the business of the Partnership to the extent such authority and power to act for or on behalf of the Partnership has been delegated to them by the General Partner.
Section 3.6    Action by Written Consent or Ratification
. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the Partners pursuant to this Agreement shall be taken if all Partners whose consent or ratification is required consent thereto or provide a consent or ratification in writing.
Article IV
DISTRIBUTIONS
Section 4.1    Distributions.
(a)    The General Partner, in its sole discretion, may authorize distributions by the Partnership to the Partners. Distributions shall be made in accordance with Section 12.3 and this Article IV. Distributions (other than distributions made with respect to the Series A Preferred Mirror Units pursuant to Section 12.3) shall be made pro rata in accordance with the Partners’ respective Total Percentage Interests.


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(b)    
(i)    In addition to the foregoing, if the General Partner reasonably determines that the taxable income of the Partnership for a Fiscal Year will give rise to taxable income for the Partners that hold Class A Units (“Net Taxable Income”), the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to distribute Available Cash in respect of income tax liabilities (the “Tax Distributions”) to the extent that other distributions made by the Partnership for such year were otherwise insufficient to cover such tax liabilities. The Tax Distributions payable with respect to any Fiscal Year shall be computed based upon the General Partner’s estimate of the allocable Net Taxable Income in accordance with Article V, multiplied by the Assumed Tax Rate (the “Tax Amount”). For purposes of computing the Tax Amount, the effect of any benefit under Section 743(b) of the Code will be ignored. Any Tax Distributions shall be made to all Partners that hold Class A Units pro rata in accordance with their Total Percentage Interests.
(ii)    Tax Distributions shall be calculated and paid no later than one day prior to each quarterly due date for the payment by corporations on a calendar year of estimated taxes under the Code in the following manner (A) for the first quarterly period, 25% of the Tax Amount, (B) for the second quarterly period, 50% of the Tax Amount, less the prior Tax Distributions for the Fiscal Year, (C) for the third quarterly period, 75% of the Tax Amount, less the prior Tax Distributions for the Fiscal Year and (D) for the fourth quarterly period, 100% of the Tax Amount, less the prior Tax Distributions for the Fiscal Year. Following each Fiscal Year, and no later than one day prior to the due date for the payment by corporations of income taxes for such Fiscal Year, the General Partner shall make an amended calculation of the Tax Amount for such Fiscal Year (the “Amended Tax Amount”), and shall cause the Partnership to distribute a Tax Distribution, out of Available Cash, to the extent that the Amended Tax Amount so calculated exceeds the cumulative Tax Distributions previously made by the Partnership in respect of such Fiscal Year. If the Amended Tax Amount is less than the cumulative Tax Distributions previously made by the Partnership in respect of the relevant Fiscal Year, then the difference (the “Credit Amount”) shall be applied against, and shall reduce, the amount of Tax Distributions made for subsequent Fiscal Years. Within 30 days following the date on which the Partnership files a tax return on Form 1065, the General Partner shall make a final calculation of the Tax Amount of such Fiscal Year (the “Final Tax Amount”) and shall cause the Partnership to distribute a Tax Distribution, out of Available Cash, to the extent that the Final Tax Amount so calculated exceeds the Amended Tax Amount. If the Final Tax Amount is less than the Amended Tax Amount in respect of the relevant Fiscal Year, then the difference (“Additional Credit Amount”) shall be applied against, and shall reduce, the amount of Tax Distributions made for subsequent Fiscal Years. Any Credit Amount and Additional Credit Amount applied against future Tax Distributions shall be treated as an amount actually distributed pursuant to this Section 4.1(b) for purposes of the computations herein.
Section 4.2    Liquidation Distribution. Distributions made upon dissolution of the Partnership shall be made as provided in Section 9.3.
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Section 4.3    Limitations on Distribution. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the General Partner shall not make a Partnership distribution to any Partner if such distribution would violate Section 17-607 of the Act or other applicable Law.
Article V
CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS;
TAX ALLOCATIONS; TAX MATTERS

Section 5.1    Initial Capital Contributions. The Partners have made, on or prior to the Effective Date, Capital Contributions, if any, and, in exchange, the Partnership has issued to the Partners the number of Class A Units and Series A Preferred Mirror Units as specified in the books and records of the Partnership.
Section 5.2    No Additional Capital Contributions. Except as otherwise provided in this Article V, no Partner shall be required to make additional Capital Contributions to the Partnership without the consent of such Partner or permitted to make additional capital contributions to the Partnership without the consent of the General Partner.
Section 5.3    Capital Accounts. A Capital Account shall be established and maintained for each Partner in accordance with the provisions of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1 (b)(2)(iv). The Capital Account of each Partner shall be credited with such Partner’s Capital Contributions, if any, all Profits allocated to such Partner pursuant to Section 5.4 and any items of income or gain which are specially allocated pursuant to Section 5.5; and shall be debited with all Losses allocated to such Partner pursuant to Section 5.4, any items of loss or deduction of the Partnership specially allocated to such Partner pursuant to Section 5.5, and all cash and the Carrying Value of any property (net of liabilities assumed by such Partner and the liabilities to which such property is subject) distributed by the Partnership to such Partner. Any references in any section of this Agreement to the Capital Account of a Partner shall be deemed to refer to such Capital Account as the same may be credited or debited from time to time as set forth above. In the event of any Transfer of any interest in the Partnership in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Transferee shall succeed to the Capital Account of the Transferor to the extent it relates to the Transferred interest. For the avoidance of doubt, the Capital Account balance for each Series A Preferred Mirror Unit shall initially equal the Liquidation Preference per Series A Preferred Mirror Unit as of the date such Series A Preferred Mirror Unit is initially issued and shall be increased as set forth in Section 5.5(d).
Section 5.4    Allocations of Profits and Losses. Subject to Section 5.5(d), except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Profits and Losses (and, to the extent necessary, individual items of income, gain or loss or deduction of the Partnership) shall be allocated in a manner such that the Capital Account of each Partner after giving effect to the Special Allocations set forth in Section 5.5 is, as nearly as possible, equal (proportionately) to (i) the distributions that would be made pursuant to Article IV if the Partnership were dissolved, its affairs wound up and its assets sold for cash equal to their Carrying Value, all Partnership liabilities were satisfied (limited with respect to each non-recourse liability to the Carrying Value
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of the assets securing such liability) and the net assets of the Partnership were distributed to the Partners pursuant to this Agreement, minus (ii) such Partner’s share of Partnership Minimum Gain and Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain, computed immediately prior to the hypothetical sale of assets. For purposes of this Article V, each Unvested Unit may be treated as a Vested Unit. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner shall make such adjustments to Capital Accounts as it determines in its sole discretion to be appropriate to ensure allocations are made in accordance with a Partner’s interest in the Partnership.
Section 5.5    Special Allocations.    Notwithstanding any other provision in this Article V:
(a)    Minimum Gain Chargeback. If there is a net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain or Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain (determined in accordance with the principles of Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-2(d) and 1.704-2(i)) during any Partnership taxable year, the Partners shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to their respective shares of such net decrease during such year, determined pursuant to Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-2(g) and 1.704-2(i)(5). The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(f). This Section 5.5(a) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirements in such Treasury Regulations Sections and shall be interpreted consistently therewith; including that no chargeback shall be required to the extent of the exceptions provided in Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-2(f) and 1.704-2(i)(4).
(b)    Qualified Income Offset. If any Partner unexpectedly receives any adjustments, allocations, or distributions described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704- 1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) or (6), items of Partnership income and gain shall be specially allocated to such Partner in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate the deficit balance in such Partner’s Adjusted Capital Account Balance created by such adjustments, allocations or distributions as promptly as possible; provided that an allocation pursuant to this Section 5.5(b) shall be made only to the extent that a Partner would have a deficit Adjusted Capital Account Balance in excess of such sum after all other allocations provided for in this Article V have been tentatively made as if this Section 5.5(b) were not in this Agreement. This Section 5.5(b) is intended to comply with the “qualified income offset” requirement of the Code and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(c)    Gross Income Allocation. If any Partner has a deficit Capital Account at the end of any Fiscal Year which is in excess of the sum of (i) the amount such Partner is obligated to restore, if any, pursuant to any provision of this Agreement, and (ii) the amount such Partner is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5), each such Partner shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain in the amount of such excess as quickly as possible; provided that an allocation pursuant to this Section 5.5(c) shall be made only if and to the extent that a Partner would have a deficit Capital Account in excess of such sum after all other allocations provided for in this Article V have been tentatively made as if Section 5.5(b) and this Section 5.5(c) were not in this Agreement.
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(d)    Gross Ordinary Income. Before giving effect to the allocations set forth in Section 5.4, Gross Ordinary Income for the Fiscal Year shall be specially allocated pro rata to the holders of Series A Preferred Mirror Units in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the amount of cash distributed to the holders of Series A Preferred Mirror Units pursuant to Section 12.3 during such Fiscal Year and (ii) the excess, if any, of the amount of cash distributed to the holders of Series A Preferred Mirror Units pursuant to Section 12.3 in all prior Fiscal Years over the amount of Gross Ordinary Income allocated to the holders of Series A Preferred Mirror Units pursuant to this Section 5.5(d) in all prior Fiscal Years. For purposes of this Section 5.5(d) “Gross Ordinary Income” means the Partnership’s gross income excluding any gross income attributable to the sale or exchange of “capital assets” as defined in Section 1221 of the Code. Allocations to holders of Series A Preferred Mirror Units of Gross Ordinary Income shall consist of a proportionate share of each Partnership item of Gross Ordinary Income for such Fiscal Year in accordance with each holder’s pro rata percentage of the Series A Preferred Mirror Units.
(e)    Nonrecourse Deductions. Nonrecourse Deductions shall be allocated to the Partners in accordance with their respective Total Percentage Interests.
(f)    Partner Nonrecourse Deductions. Partner Nonrecourse Deductions for any taxable period shall be allocated to the Partner who bears the economic risk of loss with respect to the liability to which such Partner Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(j).
(g)    Creditable Non-U.S. Taxes. Creditable Non-U.S. Taxes for any taxable period attributable to the Partnership, or an entity owned directly or indirectly by the Partnership, shall be allocated to the Partners in proportion to the Partners’ distributive shares of income (including income allocated pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Code) to which the Creditable Non-U.S. Tax relates (under principles of Treasury Regulations Section 1.904-6). The provisions of this Section 5.5(g) are intended to comply with the provisions of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(viii), and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(h)    Ameliorative Allocations. Any special allocations of income or gain pursuant to Sections 5.5(b) or 5.5(c) hereof shall be taken into account in computing subsequent allocations pursuant to Section 5.4 and this Section 5.5(h), so that the net amount of any items so allocated and all other items allocated to each Partner shall, to the extent possible, be equal to the net amount that would have been allocated to each Partner if such allocations pursuant to Sections 5.5(b) or 5.5(c) had not occurred.
Section 5.6    Tax Allocations. For income tax purposes, each item of income, gain, loss and deduction of the Partnership shall be allocated among the Partners in the same manner as the corresponding items of Profits and Losses and specially allocated items are allocated for Capital Account purposes; provided that in the case of any asset the Carrying Value of which differs from its adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such asset shall be allocated solely for income tax purposes in accordance with the principles of Sections 704(b) and (c) of the Code (in any manner determined by the General Partner and permitted by the Code and Treasury Regulations) so as to take account of the difference between Carrying Value and adjusted basis of such asset. Notwithstanding the
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foregoing, the General Partner shall make such allocations for tax purposes as it determines in its sole discretion to be appropriate to ensure allocations are made in accordance with a partner’s interest in the Partnership.
Section 5.7    Tax Advances. If the General Partner reasonably believes that the Partnership is required by law to withhold or to make tax payments on behalf of or with respect to any Partner or the Partnership is subjected to tax itself by reason of the status of any Partner (“Tax Advances”), the General Partner may withhold such amounts and make such tax payments as so required. All Tax Advances made on behalf of a Partner shall be repaid by reducing the amount of the current or next succeeding distribution or distributions which would otherwise have been made to such Partner or, if such distributions are not sufficient for that purpose, by so reducing the proceeds of liquidation otherwise payable to such Partner. For all purposes of this Agreement such Partner shall be treated as having received the amount of the distribution that is equal to the Tax Advance. Each Partner hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Partnership and the other Partners from and against any liability (including any liability for taxes, penalties, additions to tax or interest other than any penalties, additions to tax or interest imposed as a result of the Partnership’s failure to withhold or make a tax payment on behalf of such Partner which withholding or payment is required pursuant to applicable Law but only to the extent amounts sufficient to pay such taxes were not timely distributed to the Partner pursuant to Section 4.1(b)) with respect to income attributable to or distributions or other payments to such Partner.
Section 5.8    Tax Matters. The General Partner shall be the “tax matters partner” of the Partnership for purposes of Section 6231(a)(7) of the Code (prior to amendment by P.L. 114-74) and the “partnership representative” of the Partnership for purposes of Section 6223 of the Code (after amendment by P.L. 114-74). The Partnership shall file as a partnership for federal, state, provincial and local income tax purposes, except where otherwise required by Law. All elections required or permitted to be made by the Partnership, and all other tax decisions and determinations relating to federal, state, provincial or local tax matters of the Partnership, shall be made by the tax matters partner or partnership representative, as applicable. Tax audits, controversies and litigations shall be conducted under the direction of the tax matters partner or partnership representative, as applicable. The General Partner shall cause all required federal, state or local tax returns and reports of the Partnership to be prepared and filed, and shall be responsible for all other tax matters of the Partnership. All costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner related to any tax matters provided for in this Section 5.8, including, without limitation, all fees and expenses of any accounting firm engaged by the General Partner with respect to the Partnership and any costs and expenses related to any audit, declaration of any tax deficiency or any administrative proceeding or litigation involving any Partnership tax matter, shall be Partnership expenses. Each Partner agrees to cooperate with the General Partner and to do or refrain from doing any or all things reasonably required by the General Partner in connection with the conduct of all such proceedings. The tax matters partner or partnership representative, as applicable, shall keep the other Partners reasonably informed as to any tax actions, examinations or proceedings relating to the Partnership and shall submit to the other Partners, for their review and comment, any settlement or compromise offer with respect to any disputed item of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit of the Partnership. As soon as reasonably
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practicable after the end of each Fiscal Year, the Partnership shall send to each Partner a copy of U.S. Internal Revenue Service Schedule K-1, and any comparable statements required by applicable U.S. state or local income tax Law as a result of the Partnership’s activities or investments, with respect to such Fiscal Year. The Partnership also shall provide the Partners with such other information as may be reasonably requested for purposes of allowing the Partners to prepare and file their own tax returns.
Section 5.9    Other Allocation Provisions. Certain of the foregoing provisions and the other provisions of this Agreement relating to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b) and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such regulations. In addition to amendments effected in accordance with Section 11.6 or otherwise in accordance with this Agreement, Sections 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5 may also, so long as any such amendment does not materially change the relative economic interests of the Partners, be amended at any time by the General Partner if necessary or desirable, as determined by the General Partner in its discretion, to comply with such regulations or any applicable Law.
Article VI
BOOKS AND RECORDS; REPORTS

Section 6.1    Books and Records.
(a)    At all times during the continuance of the Partnership, the Partnership shall prepare and maintain separate books of account for the Partnership in accordance with GAAP.
(b)    Except as limited by Section 6.1(c), each Limited Partner shall have the right to receive, for a purpose reasonably related to such Limited Partner’s interest as a Limited Partner in the Partnership, upon reasonable written demand stating the purpose of such demand and at such Limited Partner’s own expense:
(i)    a copy of the Certificate and this Agreement and all amendments thereto, together with a copy of the executed copies of all powers of attorney pursuant to which the Certificate and this Agreement and all amendments thereto have been executed; and
(ii)    promptly after their becoming available, copies of the Partnership’s federal income tax returns for the three most recent years.
(c)    The General Partner may keep confidential from the Limited Partners, for such period of time as the General Partner determines in its sole discretion, (i) any information that the General Partner reasonably believes to be in the nature of trade secrets or (ii) other information the disclosure of which the General Partner believes is not in the best interests of the Partnership, could damage the Partnership or its business or that the Partnership is required by law or by agreement with any third party to keep confidential.
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Article VII
PARTNERSHIP UNITS
Section 7.1    Units. Interests in the Partnership shall be represented by Units. The Units are comprised of one Class of common units, the Class A Units, and one Class of Preferred Units, the Series A Preferred Mirror Units. The General Partner in its sole discretion may establish and issue, from time to time in accordance with such procedures as the General Partner shall determine from time to time, additional Units, in one or more Classes or series of Units, or other Partnership securities, at such price, and with such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, powers and duties (which may be senior to existing Units, Classes and series of Units or other Partnership securities), as shall be determined by the General Partner without the approval of any Partner or any other Person who may acquire an interest in any of the Units, including (i) the right of such Units to share in Profits and Losses or items thereof; (ii) the right of such Units to share in Partnership distributions; (iii) the rights of such Units upon dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership; (iv) whether, and the terms and conditions upon which, the Partnership may or shall be required to redeem such Units (including sinking fund provisions); (v) whether such Units are issued with the privilege of conversion or exchange and, if so, the terms and conditions of such conversion or exchange; (vi) the terms and conditions upon which such Units will be issued, evidenced by certificates and assigned or Transferred; (vii) the method for determining the Total Percentage Interest, if any, as to such Units; (viii) the terms and conditions of the issuance of such Units (including the amount and form of consideration, if any, to be received by the Partnership in respect thereof, the General Partner being expressly authorized, in its sole discretion, to cause the Partnership to issue such Units for less than fair market value); and (ix) the right, if any, of the holder of such Units to vote on Partnership matters, including matters relating to the relative designations, preferences, rights, powers and duties of such Units. The General Partner in its sole discretion, without the approval of any Partner or any other Person, is authorized (i) to issue Units or other Partnership securities of any newly established Class or any existing Class to Partners or other Persons who may acquire an interest in the Partnership and (ii) to amend this Agreement to reflect the creation of any such new Class, the issuance of Units or other Partnership securities of such Class, and the admission of any Person as a Partner which has received Units or other Partnership securities. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement to the contrary, any reference to “Units” shall include the Class A Units, the Preferred Units and Units of any other Class or series that may be established in accordance with this Agreement. All Units of a particular Class shall have identical rights in all respects as all other Units of such Class, except in each case as otherwise specified in this Agreement.
Section 7.2    Register. The register of the Partnership shall be the definitive record of ownership of each Unit and all relevant information with respect to each Partner. Unless the General Partner shall determine otherwise, Units shall be uncertificated and recorded in the books and records of the Partnership.
Section 7.3    Registered Partners. The Partnership shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a Person registered on its records as the owner of Units for all purposes and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in Units on the part of
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any other Person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the Act or other applicable Law.
Article VIII
VESTING; FORFEITURE OF INTERESTS; TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS

Section 8.1    Vesting of Unvested Units.
(a)    A Partner’s Unvested Units shall vest and shall thereafter be Vested Units for all purposes of this Agreement as set forth in any applicable Supplemental Agreement and reflected in the books and records of the Partnership.
(b)    The General Partner in its sole discretion may authorize the earlier vesting of all or a portion of Unvested Units owned by any one or more Partners at any time and from time to time, and in such event, such Unvested Units shall vest and thereafter be Vested Units for all purposes of this Agreement. Any such determination in the General Partner’s discretion in respect of Unvested Units shall be final and binding. Nothing in this Agreement shall obligate the General Partner or the Partnership to treat any Partially Unvested Partners alike, whether or not such Partners are similarly situated, and the exercise of any power or discretion by the General Partner or the Partnership in the case of any Partially Unvested Partner shall not create any obligation on the part of the General Partner or the Partnership to take any similar action in the case of any other Partially Unvested Partner, it being understood that any power or discretion conferred upon the General Partner shall be treated as having been so conferred as to each Partially Unvested Partner separately.
(c)    Upon the vesting of any Unvested Units in accordance with this Section 8.1, the General Partner shall modify the books and records of the Partnership to reflect such vesting.
Section 8.2    Forfeiture of Units.
(a)    Units owned by a Partner are subject to forfeiture or cancellation as set forth in any Supplemental Agreement or schedule or exhibit to this Agreement applicable to such Partner.
(b)    If any Ares Owners Mirror Units are forfeited or cancelled for no consideration, a number of Class A Units held by Ares Owners LP equal to the product of the number of Ares Owners Mirror Units, as applicable, so forfeited or cancelled multiplied by the Corresponding Rate shall be automatically forfeited or cancelled, as the case may be.
(c)    If any Common Shares owned by Ares Owners LP or a Service Provider (or a Person who is a Permitted Transferee of a Service Provider) are forfeited or cancelled for no consideration, a number of Class A Units held by the Issuer (or if the Issuer does not hold any Class A Units, by the General Partner) equal to the product of the number of Common Shares so
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forfeited or cancelled multiplied by the Corresponding Rate shall be automatically forfeited or cancelled, as the case may be.
(d)    Notwithstanding anything otherwise to the contrary herein, including Section 9.6 and Section 10.1, if any Person who is or was at any time a Service Provider shall fail to perform when due any “giveback,” “true-up” or “clawback” obligation owed by such Person to the Partnership or any of its Affiliates or to any Fund managed by an Ares Company, the General Partner may in its sole discretion and without the consent of any other Person, cause to be forfeited a number of Units held by such Person (or any Permitted Transferee of such Person), or in which such Person (or any Permitted Transferee of such Person) has an indirect interest, as set forth in the books and records of the Partnership, equivalent in value to the obligation which was not performed, as determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion. Any such determination shall be final and binding. Nothing in this Agreement shall obligate the General Partner or the Partnership to treat any Persons alike, whether or not such Persons are similarly situated, and the exercise of any power or discretion by the General Partner or the Partnership in the case of any Person shall not create any obligation on the part of the General Partner or the Partnership to take any similar action in the case of any other Person, it being understood that any power or discretion conferred upon the General Partner shall be treated as having been so conferred as to each Person separately.
(e)    Upon the forfeiture of any Units in accordance with this Section 8.2, such Units shall be cancelled, the Partnership shall have no obligations with respect to such Units and the General Partner shall modify the books and records of the Partnership to reflect such forfeiture and cancellation.
Section 8.3    Limited Partner Transfers.
(a)    Except as otherwise agreed to in writing between the General Partner and the applicable Limited Partner and reflected in the books and records of the Partnership, no Limited Partner or Assignee thereof may Transfer (including pursuant to an Exchange Transaction) all or any portion of its Units or other interest in the Partnership (or beneficial interest therein) without the prior consent of the General Partner, which consent may be given or withheld, or made subject to such conditions (including the receipt of such legal opinions and other documents that the General Partner may require) as are determined by the General Partner, in each case in the General Partner’s sole discretion, and which consent may be in the form of a plan or program entered into or approved by the General Partner, in its sole discretion. Any such determination in the General Partner’s discretion in respect of Units shall be final and binding. Nothing in this Agreement shall obligate the General Partner or the Partnership to treat any Limited Partners alike, whether or not such Limited Partners are similarly situated, and the exercise of any power or discretion by the General Partner or the Partnership in the case of any Limited Partner shall not create any obligation on the part of the General Partner or the Partnership to take any similar action in the case of any other Limited Partner, it being understood that any power or discretion conferred upon the General Partner shall be treated as having been so conferred as to each Limited Partner separately. Any purported Transfer of Units
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that is not in accordance with, or subsequently violates, this Agreement shall be, to the fullest extent permitted by law, null and void.
(b)    Notwithstanding clause (a) above, subject to Section 8.6, each Limited Partner may Transfer Units in Exchange Transactions pursuant to, and in accordance with, the Exchange Agreement; provided that such Exchange Transactions shall be effected in compliance with policies that the General Partner (or any other Ares Company) may adopt or promulgate from time to time (including policies requiring the use of designated administrators or brokers).
(c)    Notwithstanding anything otherwise to the contrary in this Section 8.3, a Limited Partner may Transfer Units to any of its Permitted Transferees.
(d)    Notwithstanding anything otherwise to the contrary in this Section 8.3, upon the enforcement of the remedies available upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default under any Credit Agreement or any Collateral Agreement, in each case in accordance with such agreements (including any limitations set forth therein), to the extent that the interests pledged under such agreements constitute collateral (or any similar term) under such Credit Agreement or Collateral Agreement, the administrative agent, collateral agent, trustee or other person acting in a similar capacity under such Credit Agreement or Collateral Agreement or any transferee or assignee who forecloses upon an interest in such collateral in connection with such permitted enforcement of remedies upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default under such Credit Agreement or Collateral Agreement (to the extent not prohibited pursuant to the terms of such Credit Agreement or any applicable Collateral Agreement) shall be automatically admitted as a Limited Partner and shall have all of the rights and powers of the Limited Partner that previously owned such interest without any further consent of any Partner.
Section 8.4    Mandatory Exchanges. The General Partner may in its sole discretion at any time and from time to time, without the consent of any Limited Partner or other Person, cause to be Transferred in an Exchange Transaction any and all Units. Nothing in this Agreement shall obligate the General Partner or the Partnership to treat any Limited Partners alike, whether or not such Limited Partners are similarly situated, and the exercise of any power or discretion by the General Partner or the Partnership in the case of any Limited Partner shall not create any obligation on the part of the General Partner or the Partnership to take any similar action in the case of any other Limited Partner, it being understood that any power or discretion conferred upon the General Partner shall be treated as having been so conferred as to each Limited Partner separately.
Section 8.5    Encumbrances. No Partner or Assignee may create an Encumbrance with respect to all or any portion of its Units (or any beneficial interest therein) other than Encumbrances that run in favor of the Partner unless the General Partner consents in writing thereto, which consent may be given or withheld, or made subject to such conditions as are determined by the General Partner, in the General Partner’s sole discretion. Consent of the General Partner shall be withheld until the holder of the Encumbrance acknowledges the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Any purported Encumbrance that is not in accordance with this Agreement shall be, to the fullest extent permitted by law, null and void.
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Section 8.6    Further Restrictions.
(a)    Notwithstanding any contrary provision in this Agreement, the General Partner may impose such vesting requirements, forfeiture provisions, Transfer restrictions, minimum retained ownership requirements or other similar provisions with respect to any Units that are outstanding as of the Effective Date or are created thereafter, with the written consent of the holder of such Units. Nothing in this Agreement shall obligate the General Partner or the Partnership to treat any Partners alike, whether or not such Partners are similarly situated, and such requirements, provisions and restrictions may be waived or released by the General Partner in its sole discretion with respect to all or a portion of the Units owned by any one or more Partners. The exercise of any power or discretion by the General Partner or the Partnership in the case of any Partner shall not create any obligation on the part of the General Partner or the Partnership to take any similar action in the case of any other Partner, it being understood that any power or discretion conferred upon the General Partner shall be treated as having been so conferred as to each Partner separately.
(b)    Notwithstanding any contrary provision in this Agreement, in no event may any Transfer of a Unit be made by any Limited Partner or Assignee if:
(i)    such Transfer is made to any Person who lacks the legal right, power or capacity to own such Unit;
(ii)    such Transfer would require the registration of such Transferred Unit or of any Class of Units pursuant to any applicable U.S. federal or state securities Laws (including the Securities Act or the Exchange Act) or other non-U.S. securities Laws (including Canadian provincial or territorial securities laws) or would constitute a non-exempt distribution pursuant to applicable provincial or state securities Laws;
(iii)    such Transfer would cause (A) all or any portion of the assets of the Partnership to (1) constitute “plan assets” (under ERISA, the Code or any applicable Similar Law) of any existing or contemplated Limited Partner, or (2) be subject to the provisions of ERISA, Section 4975 of the Code or any applicable Similar Law, or (B) the General Partner to become a fiduciary with respect to any existing or contemplated Limited Partner, pursuant to ERISA, any applicable Similar Law, or otherwise;
(iv)    to the extent requested by the General Partner, the Partnership does not receive such legal or tax opinions and written instruments (including copies of any instruments of Transfer and such Assignee’s consent to be bound by this Agreement as an Assignee) that are in a form satisfactory to the General Partner, as determined in the General Partner’s discretion;
(v)    such Transfer would violate, or cause any Relevant Entity, to violate, any applicable Law of any jurisdiction; or
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(vi)    the General Partner shall determine in its sole discretion that such Transfer would pose a material risk that the Partnership would be a “publicly traded partnership” as defined in Section 7704 of the Code.
In addition, notwithstanding any contrary provision in this Agreement, to the extent the General Partner shall determine that interests in the Partnership do not meet the requirements of Treasury Regulations section 1.7704-1(h), the General Partner may impose such restrictions on the Transfer of Units or other interests in the Partnership as the General Partner may determine in its sole discretion to be necessary or advisable so that the Partnership is not treated as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation under Section 7704 of the Code.
(c)    Any Transfer in violation of this Article VIII shall be deemed null and void ab initio and of no effect.
Section 8.7    Rights of Assignees. Subject to Section 8.6(b), the Transferee of any permitted Transfer pursuant to this Article VIII will be an assignee only (“Assignee”), and only will receive, to the extent Transferred, the distributions and allocations of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit or similar item to which the Partner which Transferred its Units would be entitled, and such Assignee will not be entitled or enabled to exercise any other rights or powers of a Partner, such other rights, and all obligations relating to, or in connection with, such interest remaining with the Transferring Partner. The Transferring Partner will remain a Partner even if it has Transferred all of its Units to one or more Assignees until such time as the Assignee(s) is admitted to the Partnership as a Partner pursuant to Section 8.9.
Section 8.8    Admissions, Withdrawals and Removals.
(a)    No Person may be admitted to the Partnership as an additional or substitute General Partner without the prior written consent of each incumbent General Partner, which consent may be given or withheld, or made subject to such conditions as are determined by each incumbent General Partner, in each case in the sole discretion of each incumbent General Partner. A General Partner will not be entitled to withdraw from being a General Partner of the Partnership unless another General Partner shall have been admitted hereunder (and not have previously been removed or withdrawn).
(b)    No Limited Partner will be removed or entitled to withdraw from being a Partner of the Partnership except in accordance with Section 8.10 hereof. Any additional General Partner or substitute General Partner admitted as a general partner of the Partnership pursuant to this Section 8.8 is hereby authorized to, and shall, continue the Partnership without dissolution.
(c)    Except as otherwise provided in Article IX or the Act, no admission, substitution, withdrawal or removal of a Partner will cause the dissolution of the Partnership. To the fullest extent permitted by Law, any purported admission, withdrawal or removal that is not in accordance with this Agreement shall be null and void.
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Section 8.9    Admission of Assignees as Substitute Limited Partners. An Assignee will become a substitute Limited Partner only if and when each of the following conditions is satisfied:
(a)    the General Partner consents in writing to such admission, which consent may be given or withheld, or made subject to such conditions as are determined by the General Partner, in each case in the General Partner’s sole discretion;
(b)    if required by the General Partner, the General Partner receives written instruments (including copies of any instruments of Transfer and such Assignee’s consent to be bound by this Agreement as a substitute Limited Partner) that are in a form satisfactory to the General Partner (as determined in its sole discretion);
(c)    if required by the General Partner, the General Partner receives an opinion of counsel satisfactory to the General Partner to the effect that such Transfer is in compliance with this Agreement and all applicable Law; and
(d)    if required by the General Partner, the parties to the Transfer, or any one of them, pays all of the Partnership’s reasonable expenses connected with such Transfer (including the reasonable legal and accounting fees of the Partnership).
Section 8.10    Withdrawal and Removal of Limited Partners. Subject to Section 8.7, if a Limited Partner ceases to hold any Units, including as a result of a forfeiture of Units pursuant to Section 8.2, then such Limited Partner shall cease to be a Limited Partner and to have the power to exercise any rights or powers of a Limited Partner, and shall be deemed to have been withdrawn from the Partnership.
Article IX
DISSOLUTION, LIQUIDATION AND TERMINATION

Section 9.1    No Dissolution. Except as required by the Act, the Partnership shall not be dissolved by the admission of additional Partners or withdrawal of Partners in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The Partnership may be dissolved, liquidated, wound up and terminated only pursuant to the provisions of this Article IX, and the Partners hereby irrevocably waive any and all other rights they may have to cause a dissolution of the Partnership or a sale or partition of any or all of the Partnership assets.
Section 9.2    Events Causing Dissolution. The Partnership shall be dissolved and its affairs shall be wound up upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each, a “Dissolution Event”):
(a)    the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of the Partnership under Section 17-802 of the Act upon the finding by a court of competent jurisdiction that it is not reasonably practicable to carry on the business of the Partnership in conformity with this Agreement;
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(b)    any event which makes it unlawful for the business of the Partnership to be carried on by the Partners;
(c)    the written consent of all Partners;
(d)    at any time there are no limited partners, unless the Partnership is continued in accordance with the Act;
(e)    the Incapacity or removal of the General Partner or the occurrence of a Disabling Event with respect to the General Partner; provided that the Partnership will not be dissolved or required to be wound up in connection with any of the events specified in this Section 9.2(e) if: (i) at the time of the occurrence of such event there is at least one other general partner of the Partnership who is hereby authorized to, and elects to, carry on the business of the Partnership; or (ii) all remaining Limited Partners consent to or ratify the continuation of the business of the Partnership and the appointment of another general partner of the Partnership, effective as of the event that caused the General Partner to cease to be a general partner of the Partnership, within 120 days following the occurrence of any such event, which consent shall be deemed (and if requested each Limited Partner shall provide a written consent or ratification) to have been given for all Limited Partners if the holders of more than 50% of the Vested Units then outstanding agree in writing to so continue the business of the Partnership; or
(f)    the determination of the General Partner in its sole discretion; provided that in the event of a dissolution pursuant to this clause (f), the relative economic rights of each Class of Units immediately prior to such dissolution shall be preserved to the greatest extent practicable with respect to distributions made to Partners pursuant to Section 9.3 below in connection with the winding up of the Partnership, taking into consideration tax and other legal constraints that may adversely affect one or more parties hereto and subject to compliance with applicable Laws, unless, and to the extent that, with respect to any Class of Units, holders of not less than 90% of the Units of such Class consent in writing to a treatment other than as described above.
Section 9.3    Distribution upon Dissolution. Upon dissolution, the Partnership shall not be terminated and shall continue until the winding up of the affairs of the Partnership is completed. Upon the winding up of the Partnership, the General Partner, or any other Person designated by the General Partner (the “Liquidation Agent”), shall take full account of the assets and liabilities of the Partnership and shall, unless the General Partner determines otherwise, liquidate the assets of the Partnership as promptly as is consistent with obtaining the fair value thereof. The proceeds of any liquidation shall be applied and distributed in the following order:
(a)    First, to the satisfaction of debts and liabilities of the Partnership (including satisfaction of all indebtedness to Partners or their Affiliates to the extent otherwise permitted by Law) including the expenses of liquidation, and including the establishment of any reserve which the Liquidation Agent shall deem reasonably necessary for any contingent, conditional or unmatured contractual liabilities or obligations of the Partnership (“Contingencies”). Any such reserve may be paid over by the Liquidation Agent to any attorney- at-law, or acceptable party, as escrow agent, to be held for disbursement in payment of any
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Contingencies and, at the expiration of such period as shall be deemed advisable by the Liquidation Agent for distribution of the balance in the manner hereinafter provided in this Section 9.3; and
(b)    Subject to Article XII, the balance, if any, to the holders of Class A Units; pro rata to each of the holders of Class A Units in accordance with their Total Percentage Interests.
Section 9.4    Time for Liquidation. A reasonable amount of time shall be allowed for the orderly liquidation of the assets of the Partnership and the discharge of liabilities to creditors so as to enable the Liquidation Agent to minimize the losses attendant upon such liquidation.
Section 9.5    Termination. The Partnership shall terminate when all of the assets of the Partnership, after payment of or due provision for all debts, liabilities and obligations of the Partnership, shall have been distributed to the holders of Units in the manner provided for in this Article IX, and the Certificate shall have been cancelled in the manner required by the Act.
Section 9.6    Claims of the Partners. The Partners shall look solely to the Partnership’s assets for the return of their Capital Contributions, and if the assets of the Partnership remaining after payment of or due provision for all debts, liabilities and obligations of the Partnership are insufficient to return such Capital Contributions, the Partners shall have no recourse against the Partnership or any other Partner or any other Person. No Partner with a negative balance in such Partner’s Capital Account shall have any obligation to the Partnership or to the other Partners or to any creditor or other Person to restore such negative balance during the existence of the Partnership, upon dissolution or termination of the Partnership or otherwise, except to the extent required by the Act.
Section 9.7    Survival of Certain Provisions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the provisions of Sections 10.2, 11.1 and 11.10 shall survive the termination of the Partnership.
Article X
LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

Section 10.1    Duties; Liabilities; Exculpation.
(a)    This Agreement is not intended to, and does not, create or impose any fiduciary duty on any Partner (including the General Partner) or on its Affiliates. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or any duty otherwise existing at law or in equity, the Partners (including the General Partner) and their respective Affiliates shall, to the maximum extent permitted by Law, including Section 17-1101(d) of the Act, owe only such duties and obligations as are expressly set forth in this Agreement, and no other duties (including fiduciary duties), to the Partnership, the Limited Partners, the General Partner, the Officers or any other Person otherwise bound by this Agreement.
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(b)    To the extent that, at law or in equity, any Partner (including the General Partner) or its Affiliates has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Partnership, the Limited Partners, the General Partner, the Officers or any other Person who is party to or is otherwise bound by this Agreement, any such Person acting under this Agreement shall not be liable to the Partnership, the Limited Partners, the General Partner, the Officers or any other Person who is party to or is otherwise bound by this Agreement for its good faith reliance on the provisions of this Agreement. The provisions of this Agreement, to the extent that such provisions restrict or eliminate the duties and liabilities relating thereto of any Partner (including the General Partner) or its Affiliates otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Partners to replace to that extent such other duties and liabilities relating thereto of such Person.
(c)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, whether express or implied, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, no Indemnitee shall be liable to the Partnership or any Partner for any losses, claims, demands, damages, liabilities (joint or several), expenses (including legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, penalties, interest, settlements or other amounts arising as a result of any act or omission (in relation to the Partnership, this Agreement, any related document or any transaction or investment contemplated hereby or thereby) of a Indemnitee, or for any breach of contract (including breach of this Agreement) or any breach of duties (including breach of fiduciary duties) whether arising hereunder, at law, in equity or otherwise, unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of the matter in question, the Indemnitee acted in bad faith or with criminal intent.
(d)    Each Indemnitee shall be entitled to rely in good faith on the advice of legal counsel to the Partnership, accountants, other experts and financial or professional advisors, and acting or omitting to act on behalf of the Partnership or in furtherance of the interests of the Partnership, in each case, in good faith reliance upon and in accordance with such advice will be full justification for any such act or omission, and each Indemnitee will be fully protected in so acting or omitting to act so long as such counsel, accountants, other experts and financial or professional advisors were selected with reasonable care.
(e)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or otherwise applicable provision of law or in equity, whenever in this Agreement or any other agreement contemplated hereby the General Partner is permitted to or required to make or take (or omit to make or take) a determination, evaluation, election, decision, approval, authorization, consent or other action (howsoever described herein, each, a “Determination”) (i) in its “discretion” or “sole discretion” or under a grant of similar authority or latitude, or (ii) pursuant to any provision not subject to an express standard of “good faith” (regardless of whether there is a reference to “discretion”, “sole discretion” or any other standard), then the General Partner (or any of its Affiliates causing it to do so), in making such Determination, shall not be subject to any fiduciary duty and shall be entitled to consider only such interests and factors as it desires, including its own interests, and shall have no duty or obligation (fiduciary or otherwise) to give any consideration to any interest of or factors affecting the Partnership, the Partners, or any other Person (including any creditor of the Partnership), and shall not be subject to any other or
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different standards imposed by this Agreement or otherwise existing at law, in equity or otherwise. Notwithstanding the immediately preceding sentence, if a Determination under this Agreement is to be made or taken by the General Partner in “good faith”, the General Partner shall act under that express standard and shall not be subject to any other or different standard under this Agreement or otherwise existing at law, in equity or otherwise.
(f)    For all purposes of this Agreement and notwithstanding any applicable provision of law or in equity, a Determination or failure to act by the General Partner conclusively will be deemed to be made, taken or omitted to be made or taken in “good faith”, and shall not be a breach of this Agreement, unless the General Partner subjectively believed such Determination or failure to act was opposed to the best interests of the Partnership. In any proceeding brought by the Partnership, any Limited Partner, any Person who acquires an interest in a Unit or any other Person who is bound by this Agreement challenging such Determination or failure to act, notwithstanding any provision of law or equity to the contrary, the Person bringing or prosecuting such proceeding shall have the burden of proving that such Determination or failure to act was not in good faith. Any Determination taken or made by the General Partner or any other Indemnitee which is not in breach of this Agreement shall be deemed taken or determined in compliance with this Agreement, the Act and any other applicable fiduciary requirements.
(g)    The Limited Partners expressly acknowledge that the General Partner is under no obligation to consider the separate interests of the Limited Partners (including the tax consequences to Limited Partners) in deciding whether to cause the Partnership to take (or decline to take) any Determinations, and that the General Partner shall not be liable to the Limited Partners for monetary damages or equitable relief for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by Limited Partners in connection with such Determinations.
(h)    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that any provision of this Agreement, including the provisions of this Section 10.1, purports (i) to restrict or otherwise modify or eliminate the duties (including fiduciary duties), obligations and liabilities of the General Partner or any other Indemnitee otherwise existing at law or in equity or (ii) to constitute a waiver or consent by the Partnership, the Limited Partners or any other Person who acquires an interest in a Unit to any such restriction, modification or elimination, such provision shall be deemed to have been approved by the Partnership, all of the Partners, and each other Person who has acquired an interest in a Unit.
Section 10.2    Indemnification.
(a)    Indemnification. To the fullest extent permitted by law, as the same exists or hereafter be amended (but in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Partnership to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Partnership to provide prior to such amendment), the Partnership shall indemnify any Indemnitee who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding (brought in the right of the Partnership or otherwise), whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative or investigative, and whether formal or informal, including appeals, by reason of his or her or its
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status as an Indemnitee or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted to be taken by Indemnitee in such capacity, for and against all loss and liability suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, including appeals; provided that such Indemnitee shall not be entitled to indemnification hereunder if, but only to the extent that, such Indemnitee acted in bad faith or with criminal intent. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section 10.2(c), the Partnership shall be required to indemnify an Indemnitee in connection with any action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) (i) commenced by such Indemnitee only if the commencement of such action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) by such Indemnitee was authorized by the General Partner and (ii) by or in the right of the Partnership only if the General Partner has provided its prior written consent. The indemnification of an Indemnitee of the type identified in clause (d) of the definition of Indemnitee shall be secondary to any and all indemnification to which such Indemnitee is entitled from (x) the relevant other Person (including any payment made to such Indemnitee under any insurance policy issued to or for the benefit of such Person or Indemnitee), and (y) the relevant Fund (if applicable) (including any payment made to such Indemnitee under any insurance policy issued to or for the benefit of such Fund or the Indemnitee) (clauses (x) and (y) together, the “Primary Indemnification”), and will only be paid to the extent the Primary Indemnification is not paid and/or does not provide coverage (e.g., a self-insured retention amount under an insurance policy). No such Person or Fund shall be entitled to contribution or indemnification from or subrogation against the Partnership. The indemnification of any other Indemnitee shall, to the extent not in conflict with such policy, be secondary to any and all payment to which such Indemnitee is entitled from any relevant insurance policy issued to or for the benefit of the Partnership or any Indemnitee.
(b)    Advancement of Expenses. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Partnership shall promptly pay expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by any Indemnitee in appearing at, participating in or defending any action, suit or proceeding in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding, including appeals, upon presentation of an undertaking on behalf of such Indemnitee to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section 10.2 or otherwise. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section 10.2(c), the Partnership shall be required to pay expenses of an Indemnitee in connection with any action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) (i) commenced by such Indemnitee only if the commencement of such action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) by such Indemnitee was authorized by the General Partner and (ii) by or in the right of the Partnership only if the General Partner has provided its prior written consent.
(c)    Unpaid Claims. If a claim for indemnification (following the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding) or advancement of expenses under this Section 10.2 is not paid in full within 30 days after a written claim therefor by any Indemnitee has been received by the Partnership, such Indemnitee may file proceedings to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim. In any such action the Partnership shall have the burden of proving that
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such Indemnitee is not entitled to the requested indemnification or advancement of expenses under applicable Law.
(d)    Insurance.
(i)    To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Partnership may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person described in Section 10.2(a) against any liability asserted against such person, whether or not the Partnership would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Section 10.2 or otherwise.
(ii)    In the event of any payment by the Partnership under this Section 10.2, the Partnership shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Indemnitee from any relevant other Person or under any insurance policy issued to or for the benefit of the Partnership, such relevant other Person, or any Indemnitee. Each Indemnitee agrees to execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Partnership to bring suit to enforce any such rights in accordance with the terms of such insurance policy or other relevant document. The Partnership shall pay or reimburse all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such subrogation.
(iii)    The Partnership shall not be liable under this Section 10.2 to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder (including, but not limited to, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement, and excise taxes with respect to an employee benefit plan or penalties) if and to the extent that the applicable Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under this Section 10.2 or any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.
(e)    Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The provisions of this Section 10.2 shall be applicable to all actions, claims, suits or proceedings made or commenced after the date of this Agreement, whether arising from acts or omissions to act occurring before or after its adoption. The provisions of this Section 10.2 shall be deemed to be a contract between the Partnership and each person entitled to indemnification under this Section 10.2 (or legal representative thereof) who serves in such capacity at any time while this Section 10.2 and the relevant provisions of applicable Law, if any, are in effect, and any amendment, modification or repeal hereof shall not affect any rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts or any action, suit or proceeding then or theretofore existing, or any action, suit or proceeding thereafter brought or threatened based in whole or in part on any such state of facts. If any provision of this Section 10.2 shall be found to be invalid or limited in application by reason of any law or regulation, it shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions hereof. The rights of indemnification provided in this Section 10.2 shall neither be exclusive of, nor be deemed in limitation of, any rights to which any person may otherwise be or become entitled or permitted by contract, this Agreement or as a matter of law, both as to actions in such person’s official capacity and actions in any other capacity, it being the policy of the Partnership that indemnification of any person
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whom the Partnership is obligated to indemnify pursuant to Section 10.2(a) shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law.
For purposes of this Section 10.2, references to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Partnership” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Partnership which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries.
This Section 10.2 shall not limit the right of the Partnership, to the extent and in the manner permitted by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to, and purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of, persons other than persons described in Section 10.2(a).
Article XI
MISCELLANEOUS

Section 11.1    Dispute Resolution.
(a)    The Partnership and each Partner, each other Person who acquires a Unit or other interest in the Partnership and each other Person who is bound by this Agreement (collectively, the “Consenting Parties” and each a “Consenting Party”) agrees that any dispute, claim or controversy of whatever nature directly or indirectly relating to or arising out of the Agreement, the termination or validity thereof, or any alleged breach thereof, including the determination of the scope or applicability of this agreement to arbitrate, shall be determined by arbitration in Los Angeles, California before a panel of three arbitrators. The arbitration shall be administered by JAMS/ENDISPUTE pursuant to its Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures. The language of the arbitration shall be English. Each party to such dispute shall be entitled to choose one arbitrator, and the chosen arbitrators shall choose the third arbitrator. All arbitrators shall be chosen from the JAMS arbitration panel. The arbitrators shall, in their award, allocate all of the costs of the arbitration (and the mediation, if applicable), including the fees of the arbitrators and the reasonable attorneys’ fees of the prevailing party, against the party who did not prevail. The award in the arbitration shall be final and binding. The arbitration shall be governed by the federal arbitration act, 9 U.S.C. §§1-16, and judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrators may be entered by any court having jurisdiction thereof. This arbitration clause shall not preclude any party from obtaining provisional relief or interim measures of protection, including injunctive relief, from a court of appropriate jurisdiction to protect its rights under this Agreement. Each party agrees and consents to personal jurisdiction, service of process and exclusive venue in any federal or state court within the State of California, County of Los Angeles, in connection with any action brought pursuant to clause (b) below or in connection with a request for any such provisional relief or interim measures of protection, and in connection with any action to enforce this arbitration clause or an award in arbitration and agrees not to assert, by way of motion, as a defense or otherwise, that any action brought in any such court should be dismissed on grounds of forum non conveniens. Each party to this Agreement
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consents to mailing of process or other papers in connection with any such arbitration or action by certified mail in the manner and to the addresses provided in Section 11.11.
(b)    The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage may occur if any provision of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof and that the parties shall be entitled to seek an injunction to prevent breaches of this Agreement or to enforce specifically the performance of the terms and provisions hereof or thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Section 11.1(b), in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity. No party seeking relief under this Section 11.1(b) shall be required to post a bond or prove special damages.
Section 11.2    Severability. If any term or other provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of Law, or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any party. Upon a determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible.
Section 11.3    Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of all of the parties and, to the extent permitted by this Agreement, their successors, executors, administrators, heirs, legal representatives and assigns.
Section 11.4    Further Assurances. Each Limited Partner shall perform all other acts and execute and deliver all other documents as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes and intent of this Agreement.
Section 11.5    Expenses. Except as otherwise specified in this Agreement, the Partnership shall be responsible for all costs and expenses, including fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in connection with its operation.
Section 11.6    Amendments and Waivers.
(a)    This Agreement (including the Annexes hereto) may be amended, supplemented, waived or modified by the General Partner in its sole discretion without the approval of any Limited Partner or other Person; provided that no amendment may materially and adversely affect the rights of a holder of Units, as such, other than on a pro rata basis with other holders of Units of the same Class without the consent of such holder (or, if there is more than one such holder that is so affected, without the consent of a majority in interest of such affected holders in accordance with their holdings of such Class of Units); provided further, however, that notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner may, without the written consent of any Limited Partner or any other Person, amend, supplement, waive or modify any provision of this Agreement and execute, swear to, acknowledge, deliver, file and record whatever documents may be required in connection therewith, to reflect: (i) any amendment,
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supplement, waiver or modification that the General Partner determines to be necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable or incidental in connection with, or in furtherance of, the creation, authorization or issuance of Units or any Class or series of equity interest in the Partnership or options, rights, warrants or appreciation rights relating to equity interest in the Partnership pursuant to Section 7.1 hereof; (ii) the admission, substitution, withdrawal or removal of Partners in accordance with this Agreement, including pursuant to Section 7.1 hereof; (iii) a change in the name of the Partnership, the location of the principal place of business of the Partnership, the registered agent of the Partnership or the registered office of the Partnership; (iv) any amendment, supplement, waiver or modification that the General Partner determines in its sole discretion to be necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable or incidental to, or in furtherance of, addressing changes in U.S. federal, state or local income tax regulations, legislation or interpretation; (v) a change in the Fiscal Year or taxable year of the Partnership and any other changes that the General Partner determines to be necessary or appropriate as a result of a change in the Fiscal Year or taxable year of the Partnership including a change in the dates on which distributions are to be made by the Partnership; (vi) a change that the General Partner determines in its sole discretion is necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable or incidental to, or in furtherance of, qualifying or continuing the qualification of the Partnership as a limited partnership or a partnership in which the Limited Partners have limited liability under the laws of any state or other jurisdiction; (vii) an amendment that the General Partner determines is necessary or appropriate, based on the advice of counsel, to prevent the Partnership, or the General Partner or its Indemnitees, from having a material risk of being in any manner subjected to registration under the provisions of the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940 or the U.S. Investment Advisers Act of 1940, or “plan asset” regulations adopted under the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, regardless of whether such are substantially similar to plan asset regulations currently applied or proposed by the United States Department of Labor; (viii) any amendment expressly permitted in this Agreement to be made by the General Partner acting alone; (ix) an amendment that the General Partner determines in its sole discretion to be necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable or incidental to, or in furtherance of, reflecting and accounting for the formation by the Partnership of, or investment by the Partnership in, any corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other entity; (x) any amendment to Section 11.1 that the General Partner determines in good faith; (xi) any amendment that the General Partner determines to be necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable or incidental to, or in furtherance of, curing any ambiguity, omission, mistake, defect or inconsistency; or (xii) any other amendments that the General Partner determines to be substantially similar to the foregoing. If an amendment has been approved in accordance with this Agreement, such amendment shall be adopted and effective with respect to all Partners. Upon obtaining such approvals as may be required by this Agreement, and without further action or execution on the part of any other Partner or other Person, any amendment to this Agreement may be implemented and reflected in a writing executed solely by the General Partner and the Limited Partners shall be deemed a party to and bound by such amendment.
(b)    No failure or delay by any party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder (other than a failure or delay beyond a period of time specified herein) shall operate as a waiver thereof nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies
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herein provided shall be cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by Law.
(c)    The General Partner may, in its sole discretion, unilaterally amend this Agreement on or before the effective date of the final regulations to provide for (i) the election of a safe harbor under Proposed Treasury Regulations Section 1.83-3(l) (or any similar provision) under which the fair market value of a partnership interest (or interest in an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is Transferred is treated as being equal to the liquidation value of that interest, (ii) an agreement by the Partnership and each of its Partners to comply with all of the requirements set forth in such regulations and Notice 2005-43 (and any other guidance provided by the Internal Revenue Service with respect to such election) with respect to all partnership interests (or interest in an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) Transferred in connection with the performance of services while the election remains effective, (iii) the allocation of items of income, gains, deductions and losses required by the final regulations similar to Proposed Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(xii)(b) and (c), and (iv) any other related amendments.
(d)    Except as may be otherwise required by Law in connection with the winding-up, liquidation, or dissolution of the Partnership, each Partner hereby irrevocably waives any and all rights that it may have to maintain an action for judicial accounting or for partition of any of the Partnership’s property.
Section 11.7    No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of the parties hereto and their permitted assigns and successors and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person or entity, any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement (other than pursuant to Section 10.2 hereof); provided that each employee, officer, director or agent of any Consenting Party or its Affiliates and each Indemnitee is an intended third party beneficiary of Section 11.1(a) and shall be entitled to enforce its rights thereunder.
Section 11.8    Power of Attorney. Each Limited Partner, by its execution hereof, hereby makes, constitutes and appoints the General Partner as its true and lawful agent and attorney in fact, with full power of substitution and full power and authority in its name, place and stead, to make, execute, sign, acknowledge, swear to, record and file (a) this Agreement and any amendment to this Agreement that has been adopted as herein provided; (b) the original certificate of limited partnership of the Partnership and all amendments thereto required or permitted by law or the provisions of this Agreement; (c) all certificates and other instruments (including consents and ratifications which the Limited Partners have agreed to provide upon a matter receiving the agreed support of Limited Partners) deemed advisable by the General Partner to carry out the provisions of this Agreement (including the provisions of Section 8.5) and Law or to permit the Partnership to become or to continue as a limited partnership or partnership wherein the Limited Partners have limited liability in each jurisdiction where the Partnership may be doing business; (d) all instruments that the General Partner deems appropriate to reflect a change or modification of this Agreement or the Partnership in
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accordance with this Agreement, including the admission of additional Limited Partners or substituted Limited Partners pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement; (e) all conveyances and other instruments or papers deemed advisable by the General Partner to effect the liquidation and termination of the Partnership; and (f) all fictitious or assumed name certificates required or permitted (in light of the Partnership’s activities) to be filed on behalf of the Partnership.
Section 11.9    Letter Agreements; Schedules. The General Partner may, or may cause the Partnership to, without the approval of any other Person, enter into separate letter agreements with individual Limited Partners with respect to Total Percentage Interests, Capital Contributions or any other matter, which have the effect of establishing rights under, or supplementing, the terms of, this Agreement. The Partnership may from time to time execute and deliver to the Limited Partners schedules which set forth the then current Capital Contributions and Total Percentage Interests of the Limited Partners and any other matters deemed appropriate by the General Partner. Such schedules shall be for information purposes only and shall not be deemed to be part of this Agreement for any purpose whatsoever.
Section 11.10    Governing Law; Separability. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware. In particular, it shall be construed to the maximum extent possible to comply with all of the terms and conditions of the Act. If, nevertheless, it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that any provision or wording of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable under such Act or other applicable Law, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not invalidate the entire Agreement. In that case, this Agreement shall be construed so as to limit any term or provision so as to make it enforceable or valid within the requirements of any applicable Law, and, in the event such term or provision cannot be so limited, this Agreement shall be construed to omit such invalid or unenforceable provisions.
Section 11.11    Notices. All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given (and shall be deemed to have been duly given upon receipt) by delivery in person, by courier service, by fax, by electronic mail, by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid) or by any communication permitted by the Act to the respective parties if addressed to a Person at such Person’s address as set forth on the signature pages hereto or at such other address for a party as shall be specified in any notice given in accordance with this Section 11.11.
Section 11.12    Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed and delivered in any number of counterparts (including by facsimile or electronic transmission), each of which shall be an original and all of which together shall constitute a single instrument.
Section 11.13    Cumulative Remedies
. Rights and remedies under this Agreement are cumulative and do not preclude use of other rights and remedies available under applicable Law.
Section 11.14    Entire Agreement. This Agreement, the Supplemental Agreements and the Certificate embody the entire agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of
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the subject matter contained herein and supersede all prior agreements and understandings between the parties with respect to such subject matter. There are no restrictions, promises, representations, warranties, covenants or undertakings, other than those expressly set forth or referred to herein or therein. Each party hereto acknowledges, represents, and warrants that (a) each such party hereto and such party’s independent counsel have reviewed this Agreement; and (b) any rule of construction to the effect that ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not apply in the interpretation of this Agreement.
Section 11.15    Partnership Status. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the parties intend to treat the Partnership as a partnership, and the Partnership shall be deemed to be the same entity as AH LLC.
Section 11.16    Limited Partner Representations.
(a)    Each Partner understands and agrees that:
(i)    The Units evidenced by this Agreement have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, 15 U.S.C. § 15b et seq., the Delaware Securities Act, the California Corporate Securities Law of 1968 or any other state securities Laws (collectively, the “Securities Acts”) because the Partnership is issuing interests in reliance upon the exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Acts providing for issuance of securities not involving a public offering;
(ii)    The Partnership has relied upon the representation made by each Limited Partner that such Limited Partner’s interest is to be held by such Limited Partner for investment;
(iii)    The Partnership is under no obligation to, and has no intention to, register the interests or to assist the Limited Partners in complying with any exemption from registration under the Securities Acts if such Limited Partner should at a later date wish to dispose of such Limited Partner’s interest;
(iv)    The Partnership has not requested a tax ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or any other tax authority nor an opinion of counsel with respect to the tax status of the Partnership or as to the treatment of its formation, issuance of interests, or other transactions of the Partnership, and no assurances have been made that the treatment which the Partnership intends to or does take with respect to such items will be accepted by the Internal Revenue Service upon examination and audit; and
(v)    Such Limited Partner has been advised to obtain independent counsel to advise such Limited Partner individually in connection with the drafting, preparation and negotiation of this Agreement. The attorneys, accountants and other experts who perform services for any Limited Partner may also perform services for the Partnership. To the extent that any of the foregoing representation constitutes a conflict of interest, the Partnership and each Limited Partner hereby expressly waive any such conflict of interest.
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(b)    Each Limited Partner represents and warrants as follows:
(i)    Such Limited Partner is acquiring the interests for such Limited Partner’s own account, for investment purposes only, and not with a view to or for the resale, distribution or fractionalization thereof, in whole or in part, and no other Person has a direct or indirect beneficial interest therein;
(ii)    Such Limited Partner is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D promulgated by the Securities Acts; and
(iii)    The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement have been duly authorized by such Limited Partner.
Article XII
TERMS, PREFERENCES, RIGHTS, POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE SERIES A
PREFERRED MIRROR UNITS

Section 12.1    Designation.
The Series A Preferred Mirror Units were constituted, designated and created as a series of Preferred Units pursuant to the A&R Partnership Agreement and continue to be constituted, designated and created as a series of Preferred Units under this Agreement. Each Series A Preferred Mirror Unit shall be identical in all respects to every other Series A Preferred Mirror Unit. As of the date of the Effective Date, 12,400,000 Series A Preferred Mirror Units have been constituted, designated, created and issued to the General Partner. From time to time, the General Partner may update the number of Series A Preferred Mirror Units in the books and records of the Partnership accordance with Section 7.1. It is the intention of the General Partner that at all times the number of outstanding 7.00% Series A Preferred Shares issued by the Issuer equal the aggregate number of GP Mirror Units issued by the Ares Operating Group entities.
Section 12.2    Definitions.
The following definitions shall be for all purposes, unless otherwise clearly indicated to the contrary, applied to the terms used in this Article XII.
7.00% Series A Preferred Shares” means shares of 7.00% Series A Preferred Stock of the Issuer.
Ares Group” means the Ares Operating Group entities, the direct and indirect parents (including, without limitation, general partners) of the Ares Operating Group entities (the “Parent Entities”), any direct or indirect subsidiaries of the Parent Entities or the Ares Operating Group entities, the general partner or similar controlling entities of any investment or vehicle that is managed, advised or sponsored by the Ares Group (an “Ares Fund”), and any other entity through which any of the foregoing directly or indirectly conduct its business, but shall exclude any company in which an Ares Fund has an investment. For purposes of this definition
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“subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any subsidiary of such Person that is or would be consolidated with such Person in the preparation of segment information with respect to the combined financial statements of such Person prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and shall not include (x) any private equity or other investment fund or vehicle or (y) any portfolio company of any such fund or vehicle.
Business Day” means each day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or required by law to close.
Change of Control Event” has the meaning set forth in the Issuer Certificate of Incorporation.
Distribution Payment Date” means March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, commencing September 30, 2016.
Distribution Period” is the period from and including a Distribution Payment Date to, but excluding, the next Distribution Payment Date, except that the initial Distribution Period commences on and includes June 8, 2016.
Distribution Rate” means 7.00% per annum.
GP Mirror Units” means, collectively, the Series A Preferred Mirror Units and any preferred equity securities of a future Ares Operating Group entity with economic terms consistent with the Series A Preferred Mirror Units.
Junior Units” means the Class A Units and any other equity securities that the Partnership may issue in the future ranking, as to the payment of distributions, junior to the Series A Preferred Mirror Units.
Parity Units” means any Preferred Units that the Partnership may authorize or issue, the terms of which provide that such securities shall rank equally with the Series A Preferred Mirror Units with respect to payment of distributions and distribution of assets upon a Dissolution Event.
Permitted Jurisdiction” means the United States or any state thereof, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Cayman Islands, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom or British Crown Dependencies, any other member country of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, or any political subdivision of any of the foregoing.
Permitted Reorganization” means (i) the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of any of the Partnership’s subsidiaries or upon any reorganization of the Partnership into another limited liability entity pursuant to provisions of this Agreement that allows the Partnership to convert, merge or convey our assets to another limited liability entity with or without limited partner approval (including a merger or conversion of our partnership into a corporation if the General Partner determines in its sole discretion that it is no longer in the
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interests of the Partnership to continue as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) or (ii) the Partnership engages in a reorganization, merger or other transaction in which a successor to the Partnership issues equity securities to the Series A Holders that have rights, powers and preferences that are substantially similar to the rights, powers and preferences of the Series A Preferred Mirror Units pursuant to provisions of this Agreement that allow the Partnership to do so without limited partner approval.
Permitted Transfer” means the sale, conveyance, exchange or transfer, for cash, units of capital stock, securities or other consideration, of all or substantially all of the Partnership’s property or assets or the consolidation, merger or amalgamation of the Partnership with or into any other entity or the consolidation, merger or amalgamation of any other entity with or into the Partnership.
Series A Holder” means a holder of Series A Preferred Mirror Units.
Series A Liquidation Preference” means $25.00 per Series A Preferred Mirror Unit. The Series A Liquidation Preference shall be the “Liquidation Preference” with respect to the Series A Preferred Mirror Units.
Series A Liquidation Value” means the sum of the Series A Liquidation Preference and declared and unpaid distributions, if any, to, but excluding, the date of the Dissolution Event on the Series A Preferred Mirror Units.
Series A Record Date” means, with respect to any Distribution Payment Date, the March 15, June 15, September 15 or December 15, as the case may be, immediately preceding the relevant March 31, June 30, September 30 or December 31 Distribution Payment Date, respectively.
Substantially All Merger” means a merger or consolidation of one or more of the Ares Operating Group entities with or into another Person that would, in one or a series of related transactions, result in the transfer or other disposition, directly or indirectly, of all or substantially all of the combined assets of the Ares Operating Group taken as a whole to a Person that is not an Ares Operating Group entity immediately prior to such transaction.
Substantially All Sale” means a sale, assignment, transfer, lease or conveyance, in one or a series of related transactions, directly or indirectly, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Ares Operating Group taken as a whole to a Person that is not an Ares Operating Group entity immediately prior to such transaction.
Section 12.3    Distributions.
(a)    The Series A Holders shall be entitled to receive with respect to each Series A Preferred Mirror Unit, when, as and if declared by the General Partner in its sole discretion out of funds legally available therefor, non-cumulative quarterly cash distributions on the applicable Distribution Payment Date that corresponds to the Series A Record Date for which the General Partner has declared a distribution, if any, at a rate per annum equal to the
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Distribution Rate (subject to Section 12.6 of this Agreement) of the Series A Liquidation Preference. Such distributions shall be non-cumulative, and Series A Holders shall not be entitled to distributions to the extent that such distributions would be expected to cause the Capital Accounts of such Series A Holders to be less than $0, taking into account reasonably expected allocations of Gross Ordinary Income for the taxable year of such distribution. If a Distribution Payment Date is not a Business Day, the related distribution (if declared) shall be paid on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as though paid on such Distribution Payment Date, without any increase to account for the period from such Distribution Payment Date through the date of actual payment. Distributions payable on the Series A Preferred Mirror Units for the initial Distribution Period and any period less than a full Distribution Period shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months and the actual number of days elapsed in such period. Declared distributions will be payable on the relevant Distribution Payment Date to Series A Holders as they appear on the Partnership’s register at the close of business, New York City time, on the Series A Record Dates, provided that if the Series A Record Date is not a Business Day, the declared distributions will be payable on the relevant Distribution Payment Date to the Series A Holders as it appears on the Partnership’s register at the close of business, New York City time on the Business Day immediately preceding such Series A Record Date.
(b)    So long as any Series A Preferred Mirror Units are outstanding, (i) no distribution, whether in cash or property, may be declared or paid or set apart for payment on the Junior Units for the then-current quarterly Distribution Period (other than distributions paid in Junior Units or options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase Junior Units) and (ii) the Partnership and its subsidiaries shall not directly or indirectly repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire for consideration any Junior Units, unless, in each case, distributions have been declared and paid or declared and set apart for payment on GP Mirror Units for the then- current quarterly Distribution Period, other than, in each case (x) repurchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of Junior Units for Common Shares pursuant to the Exchange Agreement or otherwise, (y) grants or vesting of awards under the Issuer’s or its subsidiaries’ equity incentive plans and (z) repurchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of Junior Units pursuant to any put or call agreements existing on June 8, 2016 (including any amendments, modifications or replacements thereof that do not adversely affect the Series A Holders).
(c)    The General Partner, or a duly authorized committee thereof, may, in its sole discretion, choose to pay distributions on the Series A Preferred Mirror Units without the payment of any distributions on any Junior Units.
(d)    When distributions are not declared and paid (or duly provided for) on any Distribution Payment Date (or, in the case of Parity Units having distribution payment dates different from the Distribution Payment Dates pertaining to the Series A Preferred Mirror Units, on a distribution payment date falling within the related Distribution Period) in full upon the Series A Preferred Mirror Units or any other Parity Units, all distributions declared upon the Series A Preferred Mirror Units and all such Parity Units payable on such Distribution Payment Date (or, in the case of Parity Units having distribution payment dates different from the Distribution Payment Dates, on a distribution payment date falling within the related Distribution
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Period) shall be declared pro rata so that the respective amounts of such distributions shall bear the same ratio to each other as all declared and unpaid distributions per Unit on the Series A Preferred Mirror Units and all accumulated unpaid distributions on all Parity Units payable on such Distribution Payment Date (or in the case of non-cumulative Parity Units, unpaid distributions for the then-current Distribution Period (whether or not declared) and in the case of Parity Units having distribution payment dates different from the Distribution Payment Dates pertaining to the Series A Preferred Mirror Units, on a distribution payment date falling within the related Distribution Period) bear to each other.
(e)    No distributions may be declared or paid or set apart for payment on any Series A Preferred Mirror Units if at the same time any arrears exist or default exists in the payment of distributions on any outstanding Units ranking, as to the payment of distributions and distribution of assets upon a Dissolution Event, senior to the Series A Preferred Mirror Units, subject to any applicable terms of such outstanding Units, subject to any applicable terms of such outstanding Units.
(f)    A Series A Holder shall not be entitled to any distributions, whether payable in cash or property, other than as provided in this Agreement and shall not be entitled to interest, or any sum in lieu of interest, in respect of any distribution payment, including any such payment which is delayed or foregone, including any such payment which is delayed or foregone.
(g)    The Partners intend that no portion of the distributions paid to a Series A Holder pursuant to this Section 12.3 shall be treated as a “guaranteed payment” within the meaning of Section 707(c) of the Code, and no Partner shall take any position inconsistent with such intention, except if there is a change in applicable law or final determination by the Internal Revenue Service that is inconsistent with such intention.
Section 12.4    Rank.
The Series A Preferred Mirror Units shall rank, with respect to payment of distributions and distribution of assets upon a Dissolution Event:
(a)    junior to all of the Partnership’s existing and future indebtedness and any equity securities, including Preferred Units, that the Partnership may authorize or issue, the terms of which provide that such securities shall rank senior to the Series A Preferred Mirror Units with respect to payment of distributions and distribution of assets upon a Dissolution Event;
(b)    equally to any Parity Units; and
(c)    senior to any Junior Units.
Section 12.5    Redemption.
(a)    If the Issuer redeems its 7.00% Series A Preferred Shares, then the Partnership may redeem the Series A Preferred Mirror Units, in whole or in part, at a redemption
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price equal to the Series A Liquidation Preference plus an amount equal to declared and unpaid distributions from the Distribution Payment Date immediately preceding the redemption date to, but excluding, the redemption date. If less than all of the outstanding Series A Preferred Mirror Units are to be redeemed, the General Partner shall select the Series A Preferred Mirror Units to be redeemed from the outstanding Series A Preferred Mirror Units not previously called for redemption by lot or pro rata (as nearly as possible).
(b)    If the Issuer redeems its 7.00% Series A Preferred Shares pursuant to a Change of Control Event, then the Partnership may, in the General Partner’s sole discretion, redeem the Series A Preferred Mirror Units, in whole but not in part, out of funds legally available therefor, at a redemption price equal to $25.25 per Series A Preferred Mirror Unit plus an amount equal to the declared and unpaid distributions. So long as funds sufficient to pay the redemption price for all of the Series A Preferred Mirror Units called for redemption have been set aside for payment, from and after the redemption date, such Series A Preferred Mirror Units called for redemption shall no longer be deemed outstanding, and all rights of the Series A Holders thereof shall cease other than the right to receive the redemption price, without interest.
(c)    Without limiting clause (b) of this Section 12.5, if the Partnership shall deposit on or prior to any date fixed for redemption of Series A Preferred Mirror Units, with any bank or trust company, as a trust fund, a fund sufficient to redeem the Series A Preferred Mirror Units called for redemption, with irrevocable instructions and authority to such bank or trust company to pay on and after the date fixed for redemption or such earlier date as the General Partner may determine, to the respective Series A Holders, the redemption price thereof, then from and after the date of such deposit (although prior to the date fixed for redemption) such Series A Preferred Mirror Units so called shall be deemed to be redeemed and such deposit shall be deemed to constitute full payment of said Series A Preferred Mirror Units to the holders thereof and from and after the date of such deposit said Series A Preferred Mirror Units shall no longer be deemed to be outstanding, and the holders thereof shall cease to be holders of Units with respect to such Series A Preferred Mirror Units, and shall have no rights with respect thereto except only the right to receive from said bank or trust company, on the redemption date or such earlier date as the General Partner may determine, payment of the redemption price of such Series A Preferred Mirror Units without interest.
Section 12.6    Distribution Rate.
If the distribution rate per annum on the 7.00% Series A Preferred Shares issued by the Issuer shall increase pursuant to Section 20.06 of the Issuer Certificate of Incorporation, then the Distribution Rate shall increase by the same amount beginning on the same date as set forth in Article XX of the Issuer Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 12.7    Voting.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or the Act, the Series A Preferred Mirror Units shall not have any relative, participating, optional or other voting, consent or approval rights or powers, and the vote, consent or approval of the Series A Holders shall not be
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required for the taking of any Partnership action. The Partnership may, from time to time, issue additional Series A Preferred Mirror Units.
Section 12.8    Liquidation Rights.
(a)    Upon any Dissolution Event, after payment or provision for the liabilities of the Partnership (including the expenses of such Dissolution Event) and the satisfaction of all claims ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Mirror Units in accordance with Article IX of this Agreement, the Series A Holders shall be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Partnership or proceeds thereof available for distribution to Partners, before any payment or distribution of assets is made in respect of Junior Units, distributions equal to the lesser of (x) the Series A Liquidation Value and (y) the positive balance in their Capital Accounts (to the extent such positive balance is attributable to ownership of the Series A Preferred Mirror Units and after taking into account allocations of Gross Ordinary Income to the Series A Holders pursuant to Section 5.5(d) of this Agreement for the taxable year in which the Dissolution Event occurs). Upon a Dissolution Event, or in the event that any Ares Operating Group entity liquidates, dissolves or winds up, no Ares Operating Group entity may declare or pay or set apart payment on its Junior Units unless the outstanding liquidation preference on all outstanding GP Mirror Units of each Ares Operating Group entity have been repaid via redemption or otherwise.
(b)    Upon a Dissolution Event, after each Series A Holder receives a payment equal to the positive balance in its Capital Account (to the extent such positive balance is attributable to ownership of the Series A Preferred Mirror Units and after taking into account allocations of Gross Ordinary Income to the Series A Holders pursuant to Section 5.5(d) of this Agreement for the taxable year in which the Dissolution Event occurs), such Series A Holder shall not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of assets by the Partnership.
(c)    For the purposes of this Section 12.8, a Dissolution Event shall not be deemed to have occurred in connection with (i) a Substantially All Merger or a Substantially All Sale whereby an Ares Operating Group entity is the surviving Person or the Person formed by such transaction is organized under the laws of a Permitted Jurisdiction and has expressly assumed all of the obligations under the GP Mirror Units, (ii) the sale or disposition of an Ares Operating Group entity (whether by merger, consolidation or the sale of all or substantially all of its assets) if such sale or disposition is not a Substantially All Merger or Substantially All Sale, (iii) the sale or disposition of an Ares Operating Group entity should such Ares Operating Group entity not constitute a “significant subsidiary” of the Issuer under Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, (iv) an event where the Series A Preferred Mirror Units have been fully redeemed pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or if proper notice of redemption of the Series A Preferred Mirror Units has been given and funds sufficient to pay the redemption price for all of the Series A Preferred Mirror Units called for redemption have been set aside for payment pursuant this Agreement, (v) transactions where the assets of the Ares Operating Group entity being liquidated, dissolved or wound up are immediately contributed to another Ares Operating Group entity or a subsidiary thereof, and (vi) with respect to an Ares Operating Group entity, a Permitted Transfer or a Permitted Reorganization.
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(d)    A Permitted Transfer will not be deemed to be a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Partnership, notwithstanding that for other purposes, such as for tax purposes, such an event may constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding up.
Section 12.9    Amendments and Waivers.
The provisions of this Article XII may be amended, supplemented, waived or modified in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.6 of the Agreement; provided that any amendment, supplement, waiver or modification of this Article XII that relates to the economic terms of the Series A Preferred Mirror Units and is not consistent with a corresponding amendment, supplement, waiver or modification of Article XX of the Issuer Certificate of Incorporation shall require the consent of the Limited Partners that own a majority of the Class A Units then outstanding.
Section 12.10    No Conversion.
The Series A Preferred Mirror Units are not convertible into Class A Units or any other class or series of interests or any other security of the Partnership.
Section 12.11    No Third Party Beneficiaries.
The provisions of Section 11.7 of the Agreement shall apply to this Article XII without limitation.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have entered into this Agreement or have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized officers, in each case as of the date first above stated.

GENERAL PARTNER:
ARES HOLDCO LLC,
By: Ares Management Corporation, its sole member
By:
/s/Anton Feingold
Name: Anton Feingold
Title: Authorized Signatory
Address: 2000 Avenue of the Stars, 12th Floor,
Los Angeles, California 90067

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LIMITED PARTNERS:
ARES OWNERS HOLDINGS L.P,
By: Ares Partners Holdco LLC, its General Partner
By:
/s/Anton Feingold
Name: Anton Feingold
Title: Authorized Signatory
Address: 2000 Avenue of the Stars, 12th Floor,
Los Angeles, California 90067

51
Exhibit 10.2
ARES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
THIRD AMENDED & RESTATED 2014 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
Article I
PURPOSE

The purpose of this Ares Management Corporation Third Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan is to (i) engender a true “owners” mentality by providing broad ownership of our Company across the entire professional population; (ii) create long-term alignment between owners and Service Providers and Non-Employee Directors; (iii) create long-term compensation opportunities for Service Providers and Non-Employee Directors; and (iv) recognize the contributions of certain Service Providers and Non-Employee Directors. The Plan became effective upon the Effective Date. A third amendment and restatement of the Plan was adopted by the Board on February 17, 2021. The Plan, as further amended and restated herein, is effective as of the Amendment Effective Date.
Article II
DEFINITIONS

For purposes of the Plan, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
2.1    Acquisition Event means (a) a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the surviving entity, (b) any transaction that results in the acquisition of all or substantially all of the Company’s outstanding Common Shares by a single Person or by a group of Persons acting in concert, or (c) the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets.
2.2    Affiliate means each of the following: (a) any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, entity, trade or business that is directly or indirectly controlled by the Company (whether by ownership of stock, partnership or membership interests, assets or an equivalent ownership interest or voting interest, through a general partner or manager or by contract); (b) any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, entity, trade or business that directly or indirectly controls the Company (whether by ownership of stock, partnership or membership interests, assets or an equivalent ownership interest or voting interest, through a general partner or manager or by contract); and (c) any other entity in which the Company or any Affiliate thereof has a material equity interest and that is designated as an “Affiliate” by resolution of the Committee; provided that, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, in any event, no portfolio company in which a fund managed, directly or indirectly, by the Company, has an investment, shall be deemed an Affiliate of the Company.
2.3    Amendment Effective Date means April 1, 2021.
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2.4    Appreciation Award means any Option or any Other Share-Based Award that is based on the appreciation in value of a Share in excess of an amount at least equal to the Fair Market Value on the date such Other Share-Based Award is granted.
2.5    Ares Operating Group Entities means Ares Holdings L.P. and any future entity designated by the Board in its discretion as an Ares Operating Group Entity for purposes of the Plan.
2.6    Ares Operating Group Unit means, collectively, one Class A Unit in each of the Ares Operating Group Entities.
2.7    Award means any award under the Plan of any Option or Other Share-Based Award.
2.8    Beneficial Owner has the meaning assigned to such term in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act (and “beneficially own” and “beneficial ownership” shall have correlative meanings).
2.9    Board means the Board of Directors of the Company.
2.10    Business Combination” means any reorganization, merger or consolidation or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.
2.11    Cause means, with respect to a Participant’s Termination of Services: (a) if there is no written employment agreement, consulting agreement, change in control agreement or similar agreement that defines “cause” (or words of like import) in effect between the Company or an Affiliate and the Participant at the time of the grant of the Award, termination due to (i) the Participant’s conviction of, or plea of guilty or nobo contendere to, (A) a felony, or (B) a misdemeanor where imprisonment of one or more months is imposed (including, in each case, a foreign law equivalent); (ii) perpetration by the Participant of an illegal act, dishonesty or fraud that could cause significant economic injury to the Company or any of its Affiliates; (iii) the Participant’s insubordination or willful and deliberate failure or refusal to perform his or her duties or responsibilities for any reason other than illness or incapacity; (iv) materially unsatisfactory performance by the Participant of his or her duties in any material respect, provided that the Participant is given notice and an opportunity to cure as determined by the Committee; or (v) the Participant’s willful misconduct with regard to the Company or any of its Affiliates, as determined by the Committee; or (b) if there is a written employment agreement, consulting agreement, change in control agreement or similar agreement in effect between the Company or any of its Affiliates and the Participant at the time of the grant of the Award that defines “cause” (or words of like import) or if “cause” is defined in the applicable Award agreement, “cause” as defined under such agreement; provided that with regard to any agreement under which the definition of “cause” only applies on occurrence of a change in control, such definition of “cause” shall not apply until a change in control actually takes place and then only with regard to a termination thereafter. With respect to a Participant’s Termination of Directorship, “cause” means an act or failure to act that constitutes cause for removal of a director under Delaware law.
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2.12    Change in Control unless otherwise defined in the applicable Award agreement or other written agreement approved by the Committee and subject to Section 12.11(b), means the occurrence of any of the following:
(a)    during any period of two consecutive years, Continuing Directors cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the directors serving on the Board; or
(b)    the acquisition by any Person (other than a Permitted Holder) of beneficial ownership of more than 50% of the outstanding (i) Ares Operating Group Units or (ii) Class B Shares.
2.13    Change in Control Price has the meaning set forth in Article IX.
2.14    Class B Shares” means shares of Class B common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share.
2.15    Code means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
2.16    Committee” means: (a) with respect to the application of the Plan to Service Providers, a committee or subcommittee of the Board consisting of at least two directors, who are granted the appropriate authority to administer the Plan in compliance with applicable law; and (b) with respect to the application of the Plan to Non-Employee Directors, the Board. To the extent that no Committee exists that has the authority to administer the Plan, the functions of the Committee shall be exercised by the Board and all references herein to the Committee shall be deemed references to the Board.
2.17    Common Shares means shares of Class A common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share.
2.18    Company means Ares Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation, or any successor thereto.
2.19    Continuing Director” means any director:
(a)    serving on the Board at the beginning of the relevant period of two consecutive years referred to in clause (a) of the definition of Change in Control,
(b)    whose election to the Board received the approval of the holders of a majority of the Class B Shares; or
(c)    whose appointment or election to the Board was approved by a majority of the directors of the Board then still serving at the time of such approval:
(i)    who were so serving at the beginning of the relevant period of two consecutive years referred to in clause (a) of the definition of Change in Control or
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(ii)    whose election to the Board received the approval of the holders of a majority of the Class B Shares.
2.20    Disability means with respect to a Participant’s Termination, a permanent and total disability as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code, without regard to the last sentence thereof. A Disability shall only be deemed to occur at the time of the determination by the Committee of the Disability. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for an Award that provides for payment or settlement triggered upon a Disability and that constitutes a Section 409A Covered Award, the foregoing definition shall apply for purposes of vesting of such Award, provided that for purposes of payment or settlement of such Award, such Award shall not be paid (or otherwise settled) until the earliest of: (A) the Participant’s “disability” within the meaning of Section 409A(a)(2)(C)(i) or (ii) of the Code, (B) the Participant’s “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A and (C) the date such Award would otherwise be settled pursuant to the terms of the Award agreement.
2.21    Effective Date means the date on which the Board first adopted the Plan, or such later date as is designated by the Board.
2.22    Exchange Act means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
2.23    Exercisable Awards has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(d).
2.24    Fair Market Value of a Share, means as of any date, unless otherwise required by any applicable provision of the Code and except as provided below, (a) the closing price reported for the Share on such date: (i) as reported on the principal national securities exchange in the United States on which it is then traded; or (ii) if not traded on any such national securities exchange, as quoted on an automated quotation system sponsored by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or (b) if the Share shall not have been reported or quoted on such date, on the first day prior thereto on which the Share was reported or quoted. If the Share is not traded, listed or otherwise reported or quoted, then Fair Market Value of a Share means the fair market value of the Share as determined by the Committee in good faith in whatever manner it considers appropriate taking into account the requirements of Section 409A.
2.25    Family Member means “family member” as defined in Section A.1.(5) of the general instructions of Form S-8.
2.26    Good Reason with respect to a Participant’s voluntary Termination of Service shall have the meaning ascribed to such term under an employment or consulting agreement or Award agreement between the Company or any of its Affiliates and the Participant in effect as of the time of such Termination; provided that with regard to any agreement under which the definition of “good reason” only applies upon an occurrence of a change in control, such definition of “good reason” shall not apply until a change in control actually takes place and then only with regard to a termination thereafter. In the absence of any such agreement defining such term, a Participant shall not have “Good Reason”.
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2.27    Non-Employee Director means a member of the Board who is not a Service Provider of the Company or any of its Affiliates other than with respect to service as a member of the Board.
2.28    Option means any option to purchase Shares granted to Service Providers or Non-Employee Directors pursuant to Article VI.
2.29    Other Extraordinary Event has the meaning in Section 4.2(b).
2.30    Other Share-Based Award means an Award under Article VII that is valued in whole or in part by reference to, or is payable in or otherwise based on, Shares.
2.31    Participant means a Service Provider or Non-Employee Director to whom an Award has been granted pursuant to the Plan.
2.32    Permitted Holder” means:
(a)    the Company and each of its subsidiaries,
(b)    Ares Partners Holdco LLC,
(c)    Ares Owners Holdings L.P.,
(d)    any Person who is, was or will be a member of Ares Partners Holdco LLC or partner of Ares Owners Holdings L.P.,
(e)    the spouse, parents, siblings or children of, or any other natural person who occupies the same principal residence as, any Person listed in clause (d),
(f)    any Person or estate for the direct or indirect benefit of any Person listed in clause (d) or (e) and
(g)    any Person that is an Affiliate of any of the foregoing Persons.
2.33    Person means any individual, entity (including any employee benefit plan or any trust for an employee benefit plan) or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or Section 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act, or any successor provision).
2.34    Plan means this Ares Management Corporation Third Amended & Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time.
2.35    Rule 16b-3 means Rule 16b-3 under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.
2.36    Section 4.2 Event has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(b).
2.37    Section 409A means the nonqualified deferred compensation rules under Section 409A of the Code.
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2.38    Section 409A Covered Award has the meaning set forth in Section 12.11.
2.39    Securities Act means the Securities Act of 1933.
2.40    Service Provider means any natural person or, with the approval of the Committee, entity, that provides bona fide services to the Company or any of its Affiliates, including any natural person who is an employee, professional, consultant, member or partner of the Company or any of its Affiliates; provided that no consultant shall be a Service Provider for performing services in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction, or directly or indirectly promoting or maintaining a market for the Company’s or any of its Affiliates’ securities.
2.41    Shares means Common Shares or Ares Operating Group Units that are issued or may be issued under the Plan.
2.42    Termination means a Termination of Directorship or Termination of Services, as applicable.
2.43    Termination of Directorship means that the Non-Employee Director has ceased to be a director of the Company; except that if a Non-Employee Director becomes a Service Provider upon the termination of his or her directorship, his or her ceasing to be a director of the Company shall not be treated as a Termination unless and until the Participant has a Termination of Services.
2.44    Termination of Services means: (a) a termination of employment or service as a professional, consultant, partner or member (for reasons other than a military or approved personal leave of absence) of a Participant from the Company and its Affiliates; or (b) when an entity that is employing a Participant, or of which the Participant is a Service Provider, ceases to be an Affiliate of the Company, unless the Participant otherwise is, or thereupon becomes a Service Provider of, the Company or another Affiliate of the Company. If a Service Provider becomes a Non-Employee Director upon his or her Termination of Services, unless otherwise determined by the Committee no Termination shall be deemed to occur until such time as such Service Provider is no longer a Non-Employee Director. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may otherwise define Termination of Services for any Service Provider in any Award agreement and, if no rights of a Service Provider are substantially impaired, may otherwise amend the definition of Termination of Services from time to time.
2.45    Transfer means: (a) when used as a noun, any direct or indirect transfer, sale, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance or other disposition (including the issuance of equity in a Person), whether for value or no value and whether voluntary or involuntary (including by operation of law), and (b) when used as a verb, to directly or indirectly transfer, sell, assign, pledge, hypothecate, encumber or otherwise dispose of (including by issuing equity in a Person) whether for value or for no value and whether voluntarily or involuntarily (including by operation of law). “Transferred” and “Transferable” shall have correlative meanings.
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Article III
ADMINISTRATION

3.1    The Committee. The Plan shall be administered and interpreted by the Committee.
3.2    Grant and Administration of Awards. The Committee shall have full authority and discretion, as provided in Section 3.7, to grant and administer Awards including the authority to:
(a)    select the Service Providers and Non-Employee Directors to whom Awards may from time to time be granted;
(b)    determine the number of Shares to be covered by each Award;
(c)    determine the type and the terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, of each Award (including the exercise or purchase price (if any), any restrictions or limitations thereon or any vesting schedule or acceleration thereof);
(d)    determine whether to require a Participant, as a condition of the granting of any Award, to refrain from selling or otherwise disposing of Shares acquired pursuant to such Award for a period of time;
(e)    amend, after the date of grant, the terms that apply to an Award upon a Participant’s Termination, provided that such amendment does not substantially impair the Participant’s rights under the Award, as determined by the Committee;
(f)    determine the circumstances under which Shares and other amounts payable with respect to an Award may be deferred automatically or at the election of the Participant, in each case in a manner intended to comply with or be exempt from Section 409A;
(g)    generally, exercise such powers and perform such acts as the Committee deems necessary or advisable to promote the best interests of the Company in connection with the Plan that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan;
(h)    construe and interpret the terms and provisions of the Plan and any Award (and all agreements relating thereto); and
(i)    correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the Plan or in any agreement relating thereto.
3.3    Award Agreements. All Awards shall be evidenced by, and subject to the terms and conditions of, a written notice provided by the Company to the Participant or a written agreement executed by the Company and the Participant.
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3.4    Guidelines. The Committee shall have the authority to adopt, alter and repeal such administrative rules, guidelines and practices governing the Plan as it shall, from time to time, deem necessary or advisable. The Committee may adopt special guidelines and provisions for persons who are residing in or employed in, or subject to, the taxes of, any domestic or foreign jurisdiction to comply with applicable tax and securities laws and may impose such limitations and restrictions that it deems necessary or advisable to comply with the applicable tax and securities laws of such domestic or foreign jurisdiction.
3.5    Sub-Plans. The Committee shall have the authority to adopt, alter and repeal such sub-plans to the Plan as it shall deem necessary or advisable. Such sub-plans may be a plan of the Company or any Affiliate of the Company adopted to grant awards pursuant to the Plan.
3.6    Delegation; Advisors. The Committee may as it deems advisable, to the extent permitted by applicable law and securities exchange rules:
(a)    delegate its responsibilities to officers or employees of the Company or any of its Affiliates, including delegating authority to officers or Affiliates to grant Awards or execute agreements or other documents on behalf of the Committee; and
(b)    engage legal counsel, consultants, professional advisors and agents to assist in the administration of the Plan and rely upon any opinion or computation received from any such Person.
3.7    Decisions Final. All determinations, evaluations, elections, approvals, authorizations, consents, decisions, interpretations and other actions made or taken by or at the direction of the Company, the Board or the Committee (or any of its members) arising out of or in connection with the Plan shall be within the sole and absolute discretion of all and each of them, and shall be final, binding and conclusive on all Service Providers and Participants and their respective beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, nothing in this Plan shall obligate the Company, the Board or the Committee (or any of its members) to treat any Service Provider or Participant alike, whether or not such Service Providers or Participants are similarly situated, and the exercise of any power or discretion by the Company, the Board or the Committee (or any of its members) in the case of any Service Provider or Participant shall not create any obligation on the part of the Company, the Board or the Committee (or any of its members) to take any similar action in the case of any other Service Provider or Participant, it being understood that any power or discretion conferred upon the Company, the Board or the Committee (or any of its members) shall be treated as having been so conferred as to each Service Provider and Participant separately.
3.8    Procedures. If the Committee is appointed, the Committee shall hold meetings, if any, at such times and places as it shall deem advisable, including by telephone conference. The Committee shall keep minutes of its meetings and shall make such rules and regulations for the conduct of its business as it shall deem advisable. The Committee may also act by written consent.
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3.9    Payment of Taxes Due. The Committee may withhold or require payment of any amount it may determine to be necessary for federal, state, local or other taxes as a result of the exercise, grant or vesting of an Award. In connection therewith, the Company or any of its Affiliates shall have the right to withhold from any compensation or other amount owing to a Participant, applicable withholding taxes with respect to any issuance or transfer under the Plan and to take such action as may be necessary or advisable in the opinion of the Company to satisfy the payment of such withholding taxes. Additionally, the Committee may permit or require a Participant to sell, in a manner prescribed by the Committee, a sufficient number of Shares in connection with the settlement of an Award to cover applicable tax withholdings (with the sale proceeds going to the Company).
3.10    Liability; Indemnification.
(a)    To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, the Board, the Committee, their respective members and any officer, employee delegate or other Person engaged pursuant to Section 3.6 shall not be liable for any action or determination made in good faith with respect to the Plan or any Award.
(b)    To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law and to the extent not covered by insurance directly insuring such Person, each current or former (i) officer or employee of the Company or any of its Affiliates and (ii) member of the Committee or the Board shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company against any cost or expense (including reasonable fees of counsel reasonably acceptable to the Committee) or liability (including any sum paid in settlement of a claim with the approval of the Committee), and advanced amounts necessary to pay the foregoing at the earliest time and to the fullest extent permitted, arising out of any act or omission to act in connection with the administration of the Plan, except to the extent arising out of such Person’s fraud or bad faith. Such indemnification shall be in addition to any rights of indemnification provided for under applicable law and the organizational documents of the Company or any of the Company’s Affiliates. Notwithstanding anything else herein, this indemnification will not apply to the actions or determinations made by an individual with regard to Awards granted to him or her.
Article IV
SHARE LIMITATIONS

4.1    Shares.
(a)    General Limitations.
(i)    The aggregate number of Shares that may be issued or used for reference purposes or with respect to which Awards may be granted over the term of the Plan shall not exceed 31,704,545 Shares (subject to any increase or decrease pursuant to Section 4.2) of which all or any portion may be issued as Common Shares or Ares Operating Group Units. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the total number of Shares subject to the Plan shall be increased on the first day of
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each fiscal year beginning in calendar year 2015 by a number of Shares equal to the positive difference, if any, of (x) 15% of the aggregate number of Common Shares and Ares Operating Group Units outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year (excluding Ares Operating Group Units held by the Company or its wholly-owned subsidiaries) minus (y) the aggregate number of Shares that were available for the issuance of future Awards under the Plan on such last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, unless the Committee should decide to increase the number of Shares covered by the Plan by a lesser amount on any such date. Awards may, in the discretion of the Committee, be made under the Plan in assumption of, or in substitution for, outstanding awards previously granted by the Company or any of its Affiliates or any entity acquired by the Company or with which the Company merges, consolidates or otherwise combines. The number of Shares underlying such substitute awards shall be counted against the aggregate number of Shares available for Awards under the Plan.
(ii)    If any Appreciation Award expires, terminates or is canceled for any reason without having been exercised in full, the number of Shares underlying any unexercised portion shall again be available under the Plan. If Other Share-Based Awards that are not Appreciation Awards are forfeited for any reason, the number of forfeited Shares comprising or underlying the Award shall again be available under the Plan.
(iii)    The number of Shares available under the Plan shall be reduced by (A) the total number of Appreciation Awards that have been exercised, regardless of whether any of the Shares underlying such Awards are not actually issued to the Participant as the result of a net exercise or settlement, and (B) all Shares used to pay any exercise price or tax withholding obligation with respect to any Award. In addition, the Company may not use the cash proceeds it receives from Option exercises to repurchase Shares on the open market for reuse under the Plan. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, Awards that may be settled solely in cash shall not be deemed to use any Shares under the Plan.
(iv)    Unless the Committee determines otherwise, Common Shares delivered by the Company or any of its Affiliates upon exchange of Ares Operating Group Units that have been issued under the Plan shall be deemed issued under the Plan.
4.2    Changes.
(a)    The existence of the Plan and the Awards shall not affect in any way the right or power of the Board or the stockholders of the Company to make or authorize (i) any adjustment, recapitalization, reorganization or other change in the Company’s capital structure, equity interests or its business, (ii) any merger or consolidation of the Company or any of its Affiliates, (iii) any issuance of bonds, debentures, preferred or prior preference equity interests senior to or otherwise affecting the Shares, (iv) the dissolution or liquidation of the Company or
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any of its Affiliates, (v) any sale or transfer of all or part of the assets or business of the Company or any of its Affiliates, or (vi) any Section 4.2 Event.
(b)    Subject to the provisions of Section 4.2(d), in the event of any change in the capital structure, equity interests or business of the Company by reason of any share split, reverse split, distribution of equity interests, combination or reclassification of Shares, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin off, reorganization or partial or complete liquidation, issuance of rights to purchase Shares or other equity interests convertible into Shares, sale or transfer of all or part of the Company’s assets or business, or other transaction or event that would be considered an “equity restructuring” within the meaning of FASB ASC Topic 718 (each, a “Section 4.2 Event”), then (i) the aggregate number or kind of Shares or other securities that thereafter may be issued under the Plan, (ii) the number or kind of Shares or other property (including cash) subject to an Award, (iii) the purchase or exercise price of Awards or (iv) any performance-based criteria established in connection with Awards, shall be adjusted by the Committee as the Committee determines, in good faith, to be necessary or advisable to prevent substantial dilution or enlargement of the rights of Participants under the Plan; provided, that in the discretion of the Committee, the foregoing clause (iv) may also be applied in the case of any event relating to an Affiliate if the event would have been a Section 4.2 Event had the event related to the Company. In connection with any Section 4.2 Event, the Committee may provide for the cancellation of outstanding Awards and payment in cash or other property in exchange therefor. In addition, subject to Section 4.2(d), in the event of any change in the capital structure or equity interests of the Company that is not a Section 4.2 Event (an “Other Extraordinary Event”), then the Committee may (but shall not be obligated to) make the adjustments described in clauses (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) above as it determines, in good faith, to be necessary or advisable to prevent substantial dilution or enlargement of the rights of Participants under the Plan. Notice of any such adjustment shall be given by the Committee, or otherwise made available, to each Participant whose Award has been adjusted and such adjustment (whether or not such notice is provided) shall be binding for all purposes of the Plan. Except as expressly provided in this Section 4.2(b) or in an applicable Award agreement, a Participant shall have no rights by reason of any Section 4.2 Event or any Other Extraordinary Event. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (x) any adjustments made pursuant to Section 4.2(b) to Awards that are considered “non-qualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A shall be made in a manner intending to comply with the requirements of Section 409A; and (y) any adjustments made pursuant to Section 4.2(b) to Awards that are not considered “non-qualified deferred compensation” subject to Section 409A shall be made in a manner intending that after such adjustment, the Awards either (A) continue not to be subject to Section 409A or (B) comply with the requirements of Section 409A.
(c)    Fractional Shares resulting from any adjustment in Awards pursuant to Section 4.2(a) or (b) shall be aggregated until, and eliminated at, the time of exercise by rounding down fractions to the nearest whole Share. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, no cash settlements shall be made with respect to fractional Shares eliminated by rounding.
(d)    Upon the occurrence of an Acquisition Event, the Committee may terminate all outstanding and unexercised Options or any Other Share-Based Award that
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provides for a Participant-elected exercise (collectively, “Exercisable Awards”), effective as of the date of the Acquisition Event, by delivering notice of termination to each Participant at least 20 days prior to the date of consummation of the Acquisition Event, in which case during the period from the date on which such notice of termination is delivered to the consummation of the Acquisition Event, each such Participant shall have the right to exercise in full all of such Exercisable Awards that are then outstanding to the extent vested on the date such notice of termination is given (or, at the discretion of the Committee, without regard to any limitations on exercisability otherwise contained in the Award agreements), but any such exercise shall be contingent on the occurrence of the Acquisition Event, and if the Acquisition Event does not take place within a specified period after giving such notice for any reason whatsoever, the notice and exercise pursuant thereto shall be null and void and the applicable provisions of Section 4.2(b) and Article IX shall apply. For the avoidance of doubt, in the event of an Acquisition Event, the Committee may terminate any Exercisable Award for which the exercise price is equal to or exceeds the Fair Market Value on the date of the Acquisition Event without payment of consideration therefor. If an Acquisition Event occurs but the Committee does not terminate the outstanding Awards pursuant to this Section 4.2(d), then the provisions of Section 4.2(b) and Article IX shall apply.
Article V
ELIGIBILITY

5.1    General Eligibility. All current and prospective Service Providers and current Non-Employee Directors, are eligible to be granted Awards. Eligibility for the grant of Awards and actual participation in the Plan shall be determined by the Committee. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no Award under which a Participant may receive Shares may be granted to a Service Provider or Non-Employee Director of any Affiliate of the Company if such Shares do not constitute “service recipient stock” for purposes of Section 409A with respect to such Service Provider or Non-Employee Director if such Shares are required to constitute “service recipient stock” for such Award to comply with, or be exempt from, Section 409A.
5.2    General Requirement. The grant of Awards to a prospective Service Provider and the vesting and exercise of such Awards shall be conditioned upon such Person actually becoming a Service Provider; provided that no Award may be granted to a prospective Service Provider unless the Company determines that the Award will comply with applicable laws, including the securities laws of all relevant jurisdictions. Awards may be awarded in consideration for past services actually rendered to the Company or any of its Affiliates.
Article VI
OPTIONS

6.1    Options. The Committee shall have the authority to grant Options to any Service Provider or Non-Employee Director.
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6.2    Terms of Options. Options shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and such additional terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Committee shall deem desirable:
(a)    Exercise Price. The exercise price per Share subject to an Option shall be determined by the Committee on or before the date of grant, provided that the per Share exercise price of an Option shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant.
(b)    Option Term. The term of each Option shall be fixed by the Committee, provided that no Option shall be exercisable more than ten years after the date such Option is granted.
(c)    Exercisability. Options shall be exercisable at such time or times and subject to such terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Committee at grant.
(d)    Method of Exercise. To the extent vested, an Option may be exercised in whole or in part at any time during the Option’s term, by giving written notice of exercise to the Committee (or its designee) specifying the number of Shares to be purchased. Such notice shall be in a form acceptable to the Committee and shall be accompanied by payment in full of the purchase price as follows: (i) in cash or by check, bank draft or money order payable to the order of the Company; or (ii) on such other terms and conditions as may be acceptable to the Committee (including the relinquishment of Options or by payment in full or in part in the form of Shares owned by the Participant (for which the Participant has good title free and clear of any liens and encumbrances)). No Shares shall be issued until payment therefor, as provided herein, has been made or provided for.
(e)    Termination by Death or Disability. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at grant, if a Participant’s Termination is by reason of death or Disability, all Options that are held by such Participant that are vested and exercisable on the date of the Participant’s Termination may be exercised by the Participant (or, in the case of death, by the legal representative of the Participant’s estate) at any time within a period of 180 days after the date of such Termination, but in no event beyond the expiration of the stated term of such Options.
(f)    Involuntary Termination without Cause or for Good Reason. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, if a Participant’s Termination is by involuntary termination without Cause or by the Participant for Good Reason, all Options that are held by such Participant that are vested and exercisable on the date of the Participant’s Termination may be exercised by the Participant at any time within a period of 180 days after the date of such Termination, but in no event beyond the expiration of the stated term of such Options.
(g)    Termination for Cause; Voluntary Termination without Good Reason. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, if a Participant’s Termination (i) is for Cause, or (ii) is voluntary and without Good Reason, all Options that are held by such Participant that are vested and exercisable on the date of the Participant’s Termination may be exercised by the
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Participant at any time within a period of 30 days after the date of such Termination, but in no event beyond the expiration of the stated term of such Options.
(h)    Unvested Options. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, Options that are not vested as of the date of a Participant’s Termination for any reason shall terminate and expire on the date of such Termination.
(i)    Form, Modification, Extension and Renewal of Options. Options may be evidenced by such form of agreement as is approved by the Committee. The Committee may (i) modify, extend or renew outstanding Options (provided that (A) the rights of a Participant are not substantially impaired without his or her consent and (B) such action does not subject the Options to Section 409A or otherwise extend the Options beyond their stated term), and (ii) accept the surrender of outstanding Options and authorize the granting of new Options in substitution therefor. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, an outstanding Option may not be modified to reduce the exercise price thereof nor may a new Option at a lower price be substituted for a surrendered Option (other than adjustments or substitutions in accordance with Section 4.2), unless such action is approved in accordance with applicable securities exchange rules.
(j)    No Reload Options. Options shall not provide for the grant of the same number of Options as the number of Shares used to pay for the exercise price of Options or Shares used to pay withholding taxes (i.e., “reloads”).
Article VII
OTHER SHARE-BASED AWARDS

7.1    Other Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Other Share-Based Awards that are payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on or related to Shares, including phantom restricted units, phantom restricted shares, restricted Shares, Shares awarded purely as a bonus and not subject to any restrictions or conditions, Shares in payment of the amounts due under an incentive or performance plan sponsored or maintained by the Company or any of its Affiliates, unit appreciation rights, share appreciation rights, unit equivalent awards, share equivalent awards, deferred restricted units, and deferred restricted shares valued by reference to book value of Shares.
The Committee shall have authority to determine the Participants, to whom, and the time or times at which, Other Share-Based Awards shall be made, the number of Shares to be awarded pursuant to such Awards, and all other terms and conditions of the Awards.
7.2    Terms and Conditions. Other Share-Based Awards made pursuant to this Article VII shall be subject to the following terms and conditions:
(a)    Rights as a Stockholder. The Committee shall determine to what extent, and under what conditions, the Participant shall have the rights of a stockholder of the Company
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with respect to Shares covered by Other Share-Based Awards, including the right to vote such Shares and the right to receive dividends with respect to such Shares.
(b)    Vesting. Other Share-Based Awards and any underlying Shares shall vest or be forfeited to the extent set forth in the applicable Award agreement or as otherwise determined by the Committee. The Committee may, at or after grant, accelerate the vesting of all or any part of any Other Share-Based Award.
(c)    Payment. Following the vesting of the Other Share-Based Awards, Shares or, as determined by the Committee, the cash equivalent of such Shares shall be delivered to the Service Provider or Non-Employee Director, or his legal representative, in an amount equal to such individual’s earned Other Share-Based Award. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may subject the payment of all or part of any Other Share-Based Award to additional vesting, forfeiture and deferral conditions as it deems appropriate.
(d)    Termination. Upon a Participant’s Termination for any reason prior to the vesting of the Other Share-Based Awards, all unvested Awards will vest or be forfeited in accordance with the terms and conditions established by the Committee at grant, or, if no rights of a Participant are substantially impaired, thereafter.
Article VIII
TRANSFERABILITY

8.1    Non-Transferability of Options. No Option shall be Transferable by the Participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and all Options shall be exercisable, during the Participant’s lifetime, only by the Participant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may determine that an Option that otherwise is not Transferable pursuant to this section is Transferable to a Family Member in whole or in part. An Option that is Transferred to a Family Member pursuant to the preceding sentence (i) may not be Transferred subsequently other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution and (ii) remains subject to the terms of the Plan and the applicable Award agreement.
8.2    Non-Transferability of Other Share-Based Awards. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, no Other Share-Based Award shall be Transferable by the Participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.
8.3    No Assignment of Benefits. Except as otherwise specifically provided in the Plan or permitted by the Committee, no Award or other benefit payable under the Plan shall be Transferable in any manner, and any attempt to Transfer any such benefit shall be void, and any such benefit shall not in any manner be available for or subject to the debts, contracts, liabilities, engagements or torts of any Person entitled to such benefit, nor shall it be subject to attachment or legal process for or against such Person.
8.4    Death/Disability. The Committee may require the transferee of a Participant to supply it with written notice of the Participant’s death or Disability and to supply it with a copy
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of the will (in the case of the Participant’s death) or such other evidence as the Committee deems necessary or advisable to establish the validity of the Transfer of an Award. The Committee also may require that the transferee agree to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of the Plan.
Article IX
CHANGE IN CONTROL PROVISIONS

In the event of a Change in Control of the Company, except as otherwise provided by the Committee in an Award agreement or otherwise in writing, a Participant’s unvested Award shall not vest and a Participant’s Award shall be treated in accordance with one of the following methods as determined by the Committee:
(a)    Awards, whether or not then vested, may be continued, assumed, have new rights substituted therefor or be treated in accordance with Section 4.2(d), and Awards may, where appropriate in the discretion of the Committee, receive the same distribution as other Shares on such terms as determined by the Committee; provided that, the Committee may decide to award additional Awards in lieu of any cash distribution.
(b)    Awards may be purchased by the Company or any of its Affiliates for an amount of cash equal to the Change in Control Price (as defined below) per Share covered by such Awards, less, in the case of an Appreciation Award, the exercise price per Share covered by such Award. The “Change in Control Price” means the price per Share paid in the Change in Control transaction, subject to adjustment as determined by the Committee for any contingent purchase price, escrow obligations, indemnification obligations or other adjustments to the purchase price after the consummation of such Change in Control.
(c)    Appreciation Awards may be cancelled without payment therefor if the Change in Control Price is less than the exercise price per Share of such Appreciation Awards.
Notwithstanding anything else herein, the Committee may provide for accelerated vesting or lapse of restrictions, of an Award at any time.
Article X
TERMINATION OR AMENDMENT OF PLAN

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, the Board or the Committee (to the extent permitted by law), may at any time, and from time to time, amend, in whole or in part, any or all of the provisions of the Plan (including any amendment deemed necessary or advisable to ensure that the Company may comply with any regulatory requirement referred to in Article XII or Section 409A), or suspend or terminate it entirely, retroactively or otherwise; provided that, unless otherwise required by law or specifically provided herein, the rights of a Participant with respect to Awards granted prior to such amendment, suspension or termination, may not be substantially impaired without the consent of such Participant.
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The Committee may amend the terms of any Award theretofore granted, prospectively or retroactively; provided that no such amendment substantially impairs the rights of any Participant without the Participant’s consent. Actions taken by the Committee in accordance with Article IV shall be deemed to not substantially impair the rights of any Participant.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Board or the Committee may amend the Plan or any Award at any time without any Participant’s consent to comply with Section 409A or any other applicable law.
Article XI
UNFUNDED PLAN

The Plan is an “unfunded” plan for incentive and deferred compensation. With respect to any payments as to which a Participant has a fixed and vested interest but which are not yet made to a Participant by the Company, nothing contained herein shall give any such Participant any rights that are greater than those of a general unsecured creditor of the Company.
Article XII
GENERAL PROVISIONS

12.1    Legend. The Committee may require each Person receiving Shares pursuant to an Award to represent to and agree with the Company in writing that the Participant is acquiring the Shares without a view to distribution thereof and such other securities law related representations as the Committee shall request. In addition to any legend required by the Plan, the certificates or book entry accounts for such Shares may include any legend that the Committee deems appropriate to reflect any restrictions on Transfer.
All Shares delivered under the Plan shall be subject to such stop transfer orders and other restrictions as the Committee may deem advisable under the rules, regulations and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any stock exchange upon which the Shares are then listed or any national automated quotation system on which the Shares are then quoted, any applicable federal or state securities law, and any applicable corporate law, and the Committee may cause a legend or legends to be put on any such certificates to make appropriate reference to such restrictions. If necessary or advisable in order to prevent a violation of applicable securities laws then, notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any Share-settled Awards shall be paid in cash in an amount equal to the Fair Market Value on the date of settlement of such Awards.
12.2    Other Plans. Nothing contained in the Plan shall prevent the Board from adopting other or additional compensation arrangements; and such arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.
12.3    No Right to Service/Directorship. Neither the Plan nor the grant of any Award thereunder shall give any Participant or other Person any right to employment, service,
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consultancy or directorship by the Company or any Affiliate, or limit in any way the right of the Company or any of its Affiliates to terminate any Participant’s employment, service, consultancy or directorship at any time.
12.4    Listing and Other Conditions. If at any time counsel to the Company shall be of the opinion that any offer or sale of Shares pursuant to an Award is or may be unlawful or prohibited, or will or may result in the imposition of excise taxes on the Company or any of its Affiliates, under the statutes, rules or regulations of any applicable jurisdiction or under the rules of the national securities exchange on which the Common Shares then are listed, the Company shall have no obligation to make such offer or sale, or to make any application or to effect or to maintain any qualification or registration under the Securities Act or otherwise, with respect to the Shares or Awards, and the right to exercise any Option or Exercisable Award shall be suspended until, in the opinion of said counsel, such offer or sale shall be lawful, permitted or will not result in the imposition of excise taxes on the Company or any of its Affiliates.
12.5    Governing Law. The Plan and matters arising under or related to it shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to its principles of conflicts of laws.
12.6    Construction. Unless a clear contrary intention appears: (i) the defined terms herein shall apply equally to both the singular and plural forms of such terms; (ii) reference to any Person includes such Person’s predecessors, successors and assigns but, if applicable, only if such successors and assigns are not prohibited by the Plan or any Award agreement, and reference to a Person in a particular capacity excludes such Person in any other capacity or individually; (iii) any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms; (iv) reference to any agreement, document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended or modified and in effect from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof; (v) reference to any law, rule or regulation means such law, rule or regulation as amended, modified, codified, replaced or reenacted, in whole or in part, and in effect from time to time, including rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and reference to any section or other provision of any law, rule or regulation means that provision of such law, rule or regulation from time to time in effect and constituting the substantive amendment, modification, codification, replacement or reenactment of such section or other provision; (vi) “hereunder,” “hereof,” “hereto,” and words of similar import shall be deemed references to the Plan as a whole and not to any particular article, section or other provision hereof; (vii) numbered or lettered articles, sections and subsections herein contained refer to articles, sections and subsections of the Plan; (viii) “including” (and with correlative meaning “include”) means including without limiting the generality of any description preceding such term; (ix) “or” is used in the inclusive sense of “and/or”; (x) references to documents, instruments or agreements shall be deemed to refer as well to all addenda, exhibits, schedules or amendments thereto; and (xi) reference to dollars or $ shall be deemed to refer to U.S. dollars.
12.7    Other Benefits. No Award, whether at grant or payment, shall be deemed compensation for purposes of computing benefits under any retirement plan of the Company or any of its Affiliates or shall affect any benefits under any other benefit plan now or subsequently
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in effect under which the availability or amount of benefits is related to the level of compensation, unless expressly provided to the contrary in such benefit plan.
12.8    Costs. The Company shall bear all expenses associated with administering the Plan, including expenses of issuing Shares pursuant to any Awards.
12.9    No Right to Same Benefits. The provisions of Awards need not be the same with respect to each Participant, and each Award to an individual Participant need not be the same.
12.10    Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act. All elections and transactions under the Plan by persons subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act involving Shares are intended to comply with any applicable exemptive condition under Rule 16b-3. The Board may establish and adopt written administrative guidelines, designed to facilitate compliance with Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, as it may deem necessary or advisable for the administration and operation of the Plan and the transaction of business thereunder.
12.11    Section 409A. Although the Company does not guarantee to a Participant the particular tax treatment of any Award, all Awards are intended to comply with, or be exempt from, the requirements of Section 409A and the Plan and any Award agreement shall be limited, construed and interpreted in accordance with such intent. To the extent that any Award constitutes “non-qualified deferred compensation” pursuant to Section 409A (a “Section 409A Covered Award”), it is intended to be paid in a manner that will comply with Section 409A. In no event shall the Company be liable for any additional tax, interest or penalties that may be imposed on a Participant by Section 409A or for any damages for failing to comply with Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan or in an Award to the contrary, the following provisions shall apply to Section 409A Covered Awards:
(a)    A Termination of Services shall not be deemed to have occurred for purposes of any provision of a Section 409A Covered Award providing for payment upon or following a termination of the Participant’s services to the Company unless such termination is also a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A and, for purposes of any such provision of a Section 409A Covered Award, references to a “termination,” “termination of employment” or like terms shall mean separation from service. For purposes of determining a service recipient or employer in connection with a “separation from service” under the Plan within the meaning of Section 409A and in accordance with Section 1.409A-1(h)(3) of the Treasury Regulations, in the application of Sections 1563(a)(1), (2) and (3) of the Code to determine the controlled group under Section 414(b) of the Code, “at least 20 percent” shall replace “at least 80 percent” in every place it appears in Sections 1563(a)(1), (2) and (3) of the Code and, in applying Section 1.414(c)-2 of the Treasury Regulations for purposes of determining trades or businesses (whether or not incorporated) that are under common control for purposes of Section 414(c) of the Code, “at least 20 percent” shall replace “at least 80 percent” in every place it appears in Section 1.414(c)-2 of the Treasury Regulations. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Plan or the Award, to the extent applicable, if the Participant is deemed on the date of the Participant’s Termination to be a “specified employee” within the meaning of that term under Section 409A(a)(2)(B) of the Code and using the identification methodology selected by the Company from time to time, or if none, the
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default methodology set forth in Section 409A, then with regard to any such payment under a Section 409A Covered Award, to the extent required to be delayed in compliance with Section 409A(a)(2)(B) of the Code, such payment shall not be made prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six-month period measured from the date of the Participant’s separation from service, and (ii) the date of the Participant’s death.
(b)    With respect to any payment pursuant to a Section 409A Covered Award that is triggered upon a Change in Control, unless otherwise provided in the Award agreement at grant, the settlement of such Award shall not occur until the earliest of (i) the Change in Control if such Change in Control constitutes a “change in the ownership of the corporation,” a “change in effective control of the corporation” or a “change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the corporation,” within the meaning of Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(v) of the Code, (ii) the date such Award otherwise would be settled pursuant to the terms of the applicable Award agreement and (iii) the Participant’s “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A, subject to Section 12.11(a).
(c)    For purposes of Section 409A, a Participant’s right to receive any installment payments under the Plan or pursuant to an Award shall be treated as a right to receive a series of separate and distinct payments.
(d)    Whenever a payment under the Plan or pursuant to an Award specifies a payment period with reference to a number of days (e.g., “payment shall be made within 30 days following the date of termination”), the actual date of payment within the specified period shall be within the sole discretion of the Company.
12.12    Successor and Assigns. The Plan shall be binding on all successors and permitted assigns of a Participant, including the estate of such Participant and the executor, administrator or trustee of such estate.
12.13    Severability of Provisions. If any provision of the Plan shall be held invalid or unenforceable, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions hereof, and the Plan shall be construed and enforced as if such provisions had not been included.
12.14    Payments to Minors, Etc. Any benefit payable to or for the benefit of a minor, an incompetent person or other person incapable of receipt thereof shall be deemed paid when paid to such person’s guardian or to the party providing or reasonably appearing to provide for the care of such person, and such payment shall fully discharge the Committee, the Board, the Company, its Affiliates and their employees, agents and representatives with respect thereto.
12.15    Headings and Captions. The headings and captions herein are provided for reference and convenience only, shall not be considered part of the Plan, and shall not be employed in the construction of the Plan.
12.16    Recoupment. All Awards granted or other compensation paid by the Company under the Plan, including any Shares issued under any Award thereunder, will be subject to any compensation recapture policies established by the Board or the Committee from time to time, as
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well as any such policies required pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, other applicable law or the rules of any national securities exchange on which the Shares are then traded.
12.17    Reformation. If any provision set forth in the Plan or an Award agreement is found by any court of competent jurisdiction or arbitrator to be invalid, void or unenforceable or to be excessively broad as to duration, activity, geographic application or subject, such provision or provisions shall be construed, by limiting or reducing them to the extent legally permitted, so as to be enforceable to the maximum extent compatible with then applicable law.
12.18    Electronic Communications. Notwithstanding anything else herein to the contrary, any Award agreement, notice of exercise of an Exercisable Award, or other document or notice required or permitted by the Plan or an Award that is required to be delivered in writing may, to the extent determined by the Committee, be delivered and accepted electronically. Signatures also may be electronic unless otherwise determined by the Committee.
12.19    Agreement. As a condition to the grant of an Award, if requested by the Company and the lead underwriter of any public offering of the Shares (the “Lead Underwriter”), a Participant shall irrevocably agree not to Transfer, grant any option to purchase, otherwise transfer the economic risk of ownership in, make any short sale of, or contract to do any of the foregoing with respect to, any interest in any Shares or any securities convertible into, derivative of, or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares, or any other rights to purchase or acquire Shares during such period of time as the Lead Underwriter shall specify (the “Lock-up Period”). The Participant shall further agree to sign such documents as may be requested by the Lead Underwriter to effect the foregoing and agree that the Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to Shares acquired pursuant to an Award until the end of such Lock-up Period.
Article XIII
TERM OF PLAN

No Award shall be granted on or after the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date, provided that Awards granted prior to such tenth anniversary may extend beyond that date in accordance with the terms of the Plan.
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Exhibit 10.3
FIFTH AMENDED AND RESTATED EXCHANGE AGREEMENT
FIFTH AMENDED AND RESTATED EXCHANGE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of April 1, 2021 (the “Effective Date”), by and among Ares Management Corporation, a Delaware Corporation (the “Issuer”), each Ares Operating Group Entity (as defined below), and each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner (as defined below) from time to time party to this Agreement.
WHEREAS, effective as of August 4, 2015, (a) Ares Holdings TopCo (as defined below) contributed its interests in Ares Holdings LP (as defined below) to its subsidiary, Ares Holdings IntermediateCo (as defined below), (b) Ares Domestic Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Ares Domestic TopCo”), contributed its interests in Ares Domestic Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Ares Domestic LP”), to its subsidiary, ADH Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Ares Domestic IntermediateCo”), (c) Ares Offshore TopCo (as defined below) contributed its interests in Ares Offshore LP (as defined below) to its subsidiary, Ares Offshore IntermediateCo (as defined below), (d) Issuer contributed its interests in Ares Investments LP (as defined below) to its subsidiary, Ares Investments IntermediateCo (as defined below), and (e) Ares Real Estate Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Ares Real Estate TopCo”), contributed its interests in Ares Real Estate Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Ares Real Estate LP”), to its subsidiary, AREH Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Ares Real Estate IntermediateCo”);
WHEREAS, effective as of July 1, 2016, (a) Ares Domestic TopCo merged with and into Ares Holdings TopCo, with Ares Holdings TopCo continuing as the surviving entity, (b) Ares Domestic IntermediateCo, a Delaware limited liability company, merged with and into Ares Holdings IntermediateCo, with Ares Holdings IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (c) Ares Domestic LP merged with and into Ares Holdings LP, with Ares Holdings LP continuing as the surviving entity, (d) Ares Real Estate TopCo distributed 100% of its interests in Ares Real Estate IntermediateCo to Issuer in liquidation, (e) Ares Real Estate IntermediateCo merged with and into Ares Investments IntermediateCo, with Ares Investments IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, and (f) Ares Real Estate LP merged with and into Ares Investments LP, with Ares Investments LP continuing as the surviving entity;
WHEREAS, effective as of April 3, 2017, (a) the Issuer contributed 0.8% of its interest in Ares Investments IntermediateCo to Ares Holdings TopCo, (b) the Issuer contributed 99.2% of its interest in Ares Investments IntermediateCo to Ares Investments TopCo (as defined below) and (c) Ares Holdings TopCo contributed its 0.8% interest in Ares Investments IntermediateCo to Ares Investments TopCo;
WHEREAS, effective as of March 1, 2018, Ares Management, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Partnership”), elected to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 301.7701-3(c);
WHEREAS, the right to exchange Ares Operating Group Units set forth in Section 2.1 below, once exercised, represents a several, and not a joint and several, obligation of the Ares Operating Group Entities (on a pro rata basis), and no Ares Operating Group Entity shall have any obligation or right to acquire Ares Operating Group Units issued by another Ares Operating Group Entity;
WHEREAS, effective as of November 26, 2018, the Partnership effected the Conversion (as defined below);
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WHEREAS, certain of the parties to this Agreement entered into the Fourth Amended & Restated Exchange Agreement, effective as of November 26, 2018 (the “A&R Agreement”), in connection with the Conversion, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein;
WHEREAS, effective as of April 1, 2021, (a) Ares Holdings TopCo merged with and into Ares Holdings IntermediateCo, with Ares Holdings IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (b) Ares Offshore TopCo merged with and into Ares Silo Merger Sub LLC (“Merger LLC”), with Merger LLC continuing as the surviving entity, (c) Merger LLC merged with and into Ares Holdings IntermediateCo, with Ares Holdings IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (d) Ares Investments TopCo merged with and into Ares Investments IntermediateCo, with Ares Investments IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (e) Ares Investments IntermediateCo merged with and into Ares Holdings IntermediateCo, with Ares Holdings IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (f) Ares Offshore IntermediateCo merged with and into Ares Holdings IntermediateCo, with Ares Holdings IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (g) Ares Investments merged with and into Ares Holdings, with Ares Holdings continuing as the surviving entity, and (h) Ares Offshore merged with and into Ares Holdings, with Ares Holdings continuing as the surviving entity (collectively, the “Internal Restructuring”); and
WHEREAS, in connection with the Internal Restructuring, the parties now desire to amend and restate the A&R Agreement as hereinafter set forth.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties to this Agreement agree as follows:
Article I
DEFINITIONS
1.1    Definitions. The following definitions shall be for all purposes, unless otherwise clearly indicated to the contrary, applied to the terms used in this Agreement.
A&R Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Affiliate” means with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such first Person.
Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.
AOG IntermediateCo Entity” means each of Ares Holdings IntermediateCo and any future entity designated by the Issuer in its discretion as an AOG IntermediateCo Entity for purposes of this Agreement.
Ares Entity Parties” means, collectively, the Issuer, Ares Holdings IntermediateCo and each of the Ares Operating Group Entities.
Ares Holdings” means Ares Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
Ares Holdings IntermediateCo” means Ares Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the general partner of Ares Holdings, or any successor general partner thereof.
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Ares Holdings LP Agreement” means the limited partnership agreement of Ares Holdings.
Ares Holdings TopCo” means Ares Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation.
Ares Holdings Units” means the “Class A Units” of Ares Holdings issued under the Ares Holdings LP Agreement.
Ares Investments” means Ares Investments L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
Ares Investments IntermediateCo” means AI Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
Ares Investments TopCo” means Ares AI Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
Ares Offshore” means Ares Offshore Delaware Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
Ares Offshore IntermediateCo” means AOF Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
Ares Offshore TopCo” means Ares Offshore Holdings, Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company.
Ares Operating Group Entities” means, collectively, Ares Holdings and any future entity designated by the Issuer in its discretion as an Ares Operating Group Entity for purposes of this Agreement.
Ares Operating Group Limited Partner” means Ares Owners and each other Person that becomes a limited partner of the Ares Operating Group Entities, including through a Redemption and Exchange Transaction.
Ares Operating Group Partnership Agreements” means the Ares Holdings LP Agreement and the limited partnership agreement of any future Ares Operating Group Entity.
Ares Operating Group Unit” means one Ares Holdings Unit and one “Class A Unit” of any future Ares Operating Group Entity.
Ares Owners” means Ares Owners Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
Ares Owners Partnership Agreement” means the Agreement of Limited Partnership of Ares Owners.
Business Day” means each day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking institutions in New York, New York are authorized or required by law to close.
Change of Control” means during any period of two consecutive years following the Effective Date, Continuing Directors cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the directors serving on the Issuer’s board of directors. For purposes of this definition, “Continuing Director” means any
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director of the Issuer (i) serving on the Issuer’s board of directors at the beginning of the relevant period of two consecutive years referred to in the immediately preceding sentence, or (ii) whose appointment or election to the Issuer’s board of directors by such board, or nomination for election to the Issuer’s board of directors by the stockholders of the Issuer, was approved by a majority of the directors of the Issuer then still serving at the time of such approval who were so serving at the beginning of the relevant period of two consecutive years referred to in the immediately preceding sentence or whose appointment or election or nomination for election was so approved.
Class A Common Stock” means Class A Common Stock of the Issuer.
Class A Shares” means shares of Class A Common Stock.
Co-Founder” means each of Michael J Arougheti, David B. Kaplan, John H. Kissick, Antony P. Ressler and Bennett Rosenthal.
Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
Common Share” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
Conversion” means the conversion of the Partnership into the Issuer on November 26, 2018, in accordance with the Delaware General Corporation Law and the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act;
Current Market Price” has the meaning set forth in the Issuer Certificate of Incorporation; provided that, with respect to each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner, if, in connection with any Exchange, an Ares Entity Party adopts procedures relating to the sales of Class A Shares acquired by Ares Operating Group Limited Partners (including by engaging or directing an agent or broker to effect sales on behalf of such Persons), “Current Market Price” shall mean the average price per Class A Share received by such exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partners, as reasonably determined by the Issuer.
Effective Date” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
Exchange” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a).
Exchange Counterparty” means the Ares Operating Group Entities, collectively.
Exchange Rate” means the number of Class A Shares for which an Ares Operating Group Unit is entitled to be exchanged. On the Effective Date, the Exchange Rate shall be 1 for 1, which Exchange Rate shall be subject to modification only as provided in Section 2.4.
Internal Restructuring” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Issuer” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
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Issuer Certificate of Incorporation” means the Certificate of Incorporation of the Issuer, effective as of the Effective Date.
JAMS” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.9(a) of this Agreement.
Liens” means any and all liens, charges, security interests, options, claims, mortgages, pledges, proxies, voting trusts or agreements, obligations, understandings or arrangements or other restrictions on title or transfer of any nature whatsoever.
Other Exchange Date” means any date, other than a Quarterly Exchange Date, on which any Person is entitled to request that such Person’s Ares Operating Group Units (including Ares Operating Group Units held, directly or indirectly, through another entity) be redeemed by an Ares Entity Party or any Affiliate thereof in a Redemption and Exchange Transaction pursuant to an agreement with such Ares Entity Party or any Affiliate thereof.
Partnership” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
Person” means an individual or a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, estate, unincorporated organization, association (including any group, organization, co-tenancy, plan, board, council or committee), government (including a country, state, county, or any other governmental or political subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof) or other entity (or series thereof).
Permitted Transferee” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1 of this Agreement.
Quarter” means, unless the context requires otherwise, a fiscal quarter of the Issuer.
Quarterly Exchange Date” means, for each Quarter, unless the Issuer cancels such Quarterly Exchange Date pursuant to Section 2.6 hereof, the date that is the latest to occur of: (i) the second Business Day after the date on which the Issuer makes a public news release of its quarterly earnings for the prior Quarter, (ii) the first day of such Quarter on which directors and executive officers of the Issuer are permitted to trade under the applicable polices of the Issuer relating to trading by directors and executive officers or (iii) such other date as the Issuer shall determine in its sole discretion; provided that with respect to clause (iii), the Issuer shall provide the Ares Operating Group Limited Partners with reasonable notice of such date. At least 75 days prior to each Quarterly Exchange Date, the Issuer will provide notice thereof to each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner eligible to Exchange Ares Operating Group Units for Class A Shares on such Quarterly Exchange Date.
Redemption and Exchange Transaction” means (a) any “Redemption and Exchange Transaction” as defined in the Ares Owners Partnership Agreement and (b) any other similar transaction as defined in any agreement with any Ares Entity Party or Affiliate thereof.
Sale Transaction” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.6 of this Agreement.
Securities Act” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3(a) of this Agreement.
Transfer Agent” means such bank, trust company or other Person as shall be appointed from time to time by the Issuer to act as registrar and transfer agent for the Class A Common Stock.
1.2    Interpretation.
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(a)    Unless a clear contrary intention appears: (i) the defined terms in this Agreement shall apply equally to both the singular and plural forms of such terms; (ii) reference to any Person includes such Person’s successors and assigns but, if applicable, only if such successors and assigns are not prohibited by this Agreement, and reference to a Person in a particular capacity excludes such Person in any other capacity or individually; (iii) any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms; (iv) reference to any agreement, document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended or modified and in effect from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof; (v) reference to any law, rule or regulation means such law, rule or regulation as amended, modified, codified, replaced or reenacted, in whole or in part, and in effect from time to time, including rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and reference to any section or other provision of any law, rule or regulation means that provision of such law, rule or regulation from time to time in effect and constituting the substantive amendment, modification, codification, replacement or reenactment of such section or other provision; (vi) “hereunder,” “hereof,” “hereto,” and words of similar import shall be deemed references to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular article, section or other provision hereof; (vii) numbered or lettered articles, sections and subsections herein contained refer to articles, sections and subsections of this Agreement; (viii) “including” (and with correlative meaning “include”) means including without limiting the generality of any description preceding such term; (ix) “or” is used in the inclusive sense of “and/or”; (x) references to documents, instruments or agreements shall be deemed to refer as well to all addenda, exhibits, schedules or amendments thereto; and (xi) reference to dollars or $ shall be deemed to refer to U.S. dollars.
(b)    All headings herein are inserted only for convenience and ease of reference and are not to be considered in the construction or interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.
Article II
EXCHANGE OF ARES OPERATING GROUP UNITS

2.1    Exchange of Ares Operating Group Units.

(a)    Subject to adjustment as provided in this Article II and to the provisions of the Ares Operating Group Partnership Agreements, the Issuer Certificate of Incorporation and the Ares Owners Partnership Agreement, each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner shall be entitled, on any Quarterly Exchange Date or Other Exchange Date, to surrender Ares Operating Group Units to the Ares Operating Group Entities in exchange for the delivery by such Ares Operating Group Entities of a number of Class A Shares, in the aggregate, equal to the product of such number of Ares Operating Group Units surrendered multiplied by the Exchange Rate (such exchange, an “Exchange”).
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, in lieu of delivering Class A Shares with respect to any Ares Operating Group Units subject to an Exchange, the Exchange Counterparty may, in its sole discretion, elect to deliver cash equal to the Current Market Price of the Class A Shares that would otherwise be delivered in such Exchange.
(b)    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, upon the occurrence of a Dissolution Event (as defined in the Ares Operating Group Partnership Agreements) with respect
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to any Ares Operating Group Entity, each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner shall be entitled, upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereof, to elect to Exchange Ares Operating Group Units for Class A Shares; provided, that any such Exchange pursuant to this sentence shall be effective immediately prior to the effectiveness of the applicable dissolution of such Ares Operating Group Entity (and, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not be effective if such dissolution is not effective).
(c)    Upon surrender of Ares Operating Group Units for Exchange, all rights of the exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner as holder of such Ares Operating Group Units shall cease, and, unless the Exchange Counterparty elects to deliver cash to such exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner in lieu of consummating an Exchange, such exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner shall be treated for all purposes as having become the Record Holder (as defined in the Issuer Certificate of Incorporation) of such Class A Shares. If the Exchange Counterparty elects to deliver cash to such exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner in lieu of consummating an Exchange, such Ares Operating Group Limited Partner shall continue to own all Ares Operating Group Units subject to the Exchange, and shall still be treated as an Ares Operating Group Limited Partner with respect to such Ares Operating Group Units for all purposes under the relevant Ares Operating Group Partnership Agreements, until the Exchange Counterparty delivers such amount of cash to such Ares Operating Group Limited Partner.
(d)    Where an Ares Operating Group Limited Partner has exercised its right to effect an Exchange, the AOG IntermediateCo Entities, or, in each case, their respective designees, shall have a superseding right to acquire interests in their respective Ares Operating Group Entities for (i) an amount of Class A Shares equal to the amount of Class A Shares that would be received pursuant to such Exchange or (ii) an amount of cash equal to the Current Market Price of the Class A Shares that would otherwise be delivered in such Exchange.
(e)    The number of Class A Shares (or the amount of cash in lieu thereof) delivered to each exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner in an Exchange by each of the Ares Operating Group Entities or pursuant to Section 2.1(d) shall be determined based on the relative fair market values of each of the Ares Operating Group Entities.
2.2    Exchange Procedures.
(a)    An Ares Operating Group Limited Partner may exercise the right to exchange Ares Operating Group Units by providing a written notice of exchange at least 60 days prior to the applicable Quarterly Exchange Date or Other Exchange Date (or if such Ares Operating Group Limited Partner or a partner in Ares Owners may deliver notice of a Redemption and Exchange Transaction no later than five Business Days prior to such Redemption and Exchange Transaction (including pursuant to Section 10.3(c)(iii) of the Ares Owners Partnership Agreement), at least three days prior to the applicable Quarterly Exchange Date or Other Exchange Date) to the Exchanging Counterparty substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, duly executed by such holder or such holder’s duly authorized attorney in respect of the Ares Operating Group Units to be exchanged, in each case, delivered during normal business hours at the principal executive offices of the Exchange Counterparty; provided that Ares Owners may exercise any such right, and deliver any such written notice, with respect to Ares Operating Group Units to be transferred to one or more partners of Ares Owners.
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(b)    As promptly as practicable following the surrender for exchange of the Ares Operating Group Units in the manner provided in this Article II, unless the Exchange Counterparty elects to deliver cash to such exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner in lieu of consummating an Exchange, the Exchange Counterparty shall deliver or cause to be delivered at the offices of the then-acting Transfer Agent or, if there is no then-acting Transfer Agent, at the principal executive offices of the Issuer, the number of Class A Shares issuable upon such Exchange, registered in the name of such exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner, or its nominee. If the Class A Shares are settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company, the Exchange Counterparty will, subject to Section 2.2(c) below, upon the written instruction of the exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner deliver the Class A Shares deliverable to such exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner, through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company, to the account of the participant of The Depository Trust Company designated by such exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner. The Issuer shall take such actions as may be required to ensure the performance by the Ares Operating Group Entities of their respective obligations under this Article II, including causing the issuance and sale of Class A Shares to or for the account of the Ares Operating Group Entities in exchange for the delivery to the Issuer of a number of Ares Operating Group Units that is equal to the number of Ares Operating Group Units surrendered by an exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner.
(c)    The Ares Operating Group Entities, on the one hand, and each exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner, on the other hand, shall bear their own expenses in connection with the consummation of any Exchange, whether or not any such Exchange is ultimately consummated, except that the Ares Operating Group Entities shall bear any transfer taxes, stamp taxes or duties, or other similar taxes in connection with, or arising by reason of, any such Exchange; provided that if any Class A Shares are to be delivered in a name other than that of the exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner that requested such Exchange (other than in the name of The Depository Trust Company or its nominee), then such Ares Operating Group Limited Partner or the Person in whose name such Class A Shares are to be delivered shall pay to the Ares Operating Group Entities the amount of any transfer taxes, stamp taxes or duties, or other similar taxes in connection with, or arising by reason of, such Exchange or shall establish to the reasonable satisfaction of the Ares Operating Group Entities that such tax has been paid or is not payable.
(d)    The Ares Operating Group Entities may adopt reasonable procedures for the implementation of the exchange, sale or redemption provisions set forth in this Article II, including procedures for the giving of notice of an election for exchange. An Ares Operating Group Limited Partner may not revoke a notice of exchange delivered pursuant to Section 2.2(a) above without the consent of the Exchange Counterparty which consent may be provided or withheld, or made subject to such conditions, limitations or restrictions, as determined by the Exchange Counterparty in its sole discretion. Nothing in this Agreement shall obligate the Exchange Counterparty to treat any Ares Operating Group Limited Partners alike, whether or not such Ares Operating Group Limited Partners are similarly situated, and the exercise of any power or discretion by the Exchange Counterparty in the case of any Ares Operating Group Limited Partner shall not create any obligation on the part of the Issuer to take any similar action in the case of any other Ares Operating Group Limited Partner, it being understood that any power or discretion conferred upon the Exchange Counterparty shall be treated as having been so conferred as to each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner separately.
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2.3    Limitations on Exchanges. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, an Ares Operating Group Limited Partner shall not be entitled to Exchange Ares Operating Group Units and the Exchange Counterparty shall have the right to refuse to honor any request for Exchange of Ares Operating Group Units, at any time or during any period if the Exchange Counterparty shall reasonably and in good faith determine that such Exchange:
(a)    would be prohibited by law or regulation (including the unavailability of any requisite registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) or any exemption from the registration requirements thereunder),
(b)    would cause the Issuer to violate Section 7.06 of the Issuer Certificate of Incorporation, or
(c)    would otherwise not be permitted under any other agreements with the Issuer, any of its subsidiaries or Ares Owners to which such exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner may be party (including the Ares Operating Group Partnership Agreements, the Ares Owners Partnership Agreement and any applicable registration rights agreements) or any written policies of the Issuer related to unlawful or inappropriate trading applicable to its directors, board observers, officers or other personnel.
2.4    Splits, Distributions and Reclassifications. The Exchange Rate shall be adjusted accordingly if there is: (a) any subdivision (by any unit split, unit distribution, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse unit split, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) of the Ares Operating Group Units that is not accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination of the Class A Common Stock; or (b) any subdivision (by any share split, share distribution, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse share split, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) of the Class A Common Stock that is not accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination of the Ares Operating Group Units. If there is any reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or other similar transaction in which the Class A Common Stock is converted or changed into another security, securities or other property, then upon any Exchange, an exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner shall be entitled to receive the amount of such security, securities or other property that such exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partner would have received if such Exchange had occurred immediately prior to the effective date of such reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or other similar transaction, taking into account any adjustment as a result of any subdivision (by any split, distribution or dividend, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of such security, securities or other property that occurs after the effective time of such reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or other similar transaction. Except as may be required in the immediately preceding sentence, no adjustments in respect of distributions shall be made upon the Exchange of any Ares Operating Group Unit.
2.5    Class A Common Stock to be Issued.
(a)    The Issuer and the Ares Operating Group Entities covenant that all Class A Shares issued upon an Exchange will be validly issued and shall be transferred free and clear of any Liens, other than restrictions provided in the Issuer Certificate of Incorporation or pursuant to the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed to preclude the Issuer or Ares Operating Group Entities from satisfying their obligations in respect of the exchange of the Ares Operating Group Units by delivery of Class A
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Shares which are held in the treasury of the Issuer or the Ares Operating Group Entities or any of their respective subsidiaries.
(b)    The Issuer and the Ares Operating Group Entities covenant and agree that, if a registration statement under the Securities Act is effective and available for Class A Shares to be delivered with respect to any Exchange, Class A Shares that have been registered under the Securities Act shall be delivered in respect of such Exchange. If any Exchange in accordance with this Agreement is to be effected at a time when any required registration has not become effective or otherwise is unavailable, upon the request and with the reasonable cooperation of the exchanging Ares Operating Group Limited Partners requesting such Exchange, the Issuer and the Ares Operating Group Entities shall use commercially reasonable efforts to promptly facilitate such Exchange pursuant to any reasonably available exemption from such registration requirements. The Issuer shall use commercially reasonable efforts to list the Class A Shares required to be delivered upon Exchange prior to such delivery upon each national securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system upon which the outstanding Class A Shares may be listed or traded at the time of such delivery.
(c)    Class A Shares issued upon an Exchange may contain such legends regarding restrictions under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws as the Issuer in good faith determines to be necessary or advisable in order to ensure compliance with such laws.
2.6    Subsequent Offerings. The Issuer may from time to time cancel any Quarterly Exchange Date in a fiscal year and in lieu thereof, and in connection with one or more offerings of Class A Common Stock, provide the opportunity for Ares Operating Group Limited Partners to sell their Ares Operating Group Units to the Issuer, the Ares Operating Group Entities or any of their respective subsidiaries in the same fiscal year (a “Sale Transaction”) for a cash amount per Ares Operating Group Unit equal to the net cash proceeds per Class A Share, as reasonably determined by the Issuer, received pursuant to any such offerings of Class A Common Stock. An Ares Operating Group Limited Partner selling Ares Operating Group Units in connection with a Sale Transaction must provide notice to the Issuer at least 30 days prior to the cash settlement of such Sale Transaction in respect of the Ares Operating Group Units to be sold, in each case delivered during normal business hours at the principal executive offices of the Issuer. For the avoidance of doubt, the total aggregate number of Quarterly Exchange Dates and Sale Transactions occurring during any fiscal year of the Issuer shall not exceed four.
2.7    Waiting Period. The consummation of any Exchange pursuant to this Agreement shall be subject to the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting period, if any, under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976.
Article III
GENERAL PROVISIONS

3.1    Additional Ares Operating Group Limited Partners. If an Ares Operating Group Limited Partner validly transfers any or all of such holder’s Ares Operating Group Units to another Person in a transaction in accordance with, and not in contravention of, the Ares Operating Group Partnership Agreements or any other agreement or agreements with the Issuer or any of its subsidiaries to which a transferring Ares Operating Group Limited Partner may be party, then such transferee (each, a “Permitted Transferee”) shall have the right to execute and deliver a joinder to this Agreement, substantially in the
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form of Exhibit B hereto, whereupon such Permitted Transferee shall become an Ares Operating Group Limited Partner hereunder. If the Ares Operating Group Entities issue Ares Operating Group Units in the future, the Ares Operating Group Entities shall be entitled, in their sole discretion, to make any holder of such Ares Operating Group Units an Ares Operating Group Limited Partner hereunder through such holder’s execution and delivery of a joinder to this Agreement, substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto.
3.2    Amendment.
(a)    The provisions of this Agreement may be amended by the affirmative vote or written consent of the Ares Operating Group Entities and the Issuer and, after a Change of Control, the holders of at least a majority of the Percentage Interests (as such term is defined in the Ares Operating Group Partnership Agreements) of the Ares Operating Group Units (excluding Ares Operating Group Units held by the Issuer or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary thereof); provided that any amendment of this Agreement that is materially adverse to Ares Owners or any Co-Founder (or its affiliates) shall not be effective with respect to Ares Owners or such Co-Founder (or its affiliates), as the case may be, unless the prior written consent of Ares Owners or such Co-Founder (or its affiliates), as the case may be, has been obtained.
(b)    Each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner hereby expressly consents and agrees that, whenever in this Agreement it is specified that an action may be taken upon the affirmative vote or written consent of less than all of the Ares Operating Group Limited Partners, such action may be so taken upon the concurrence of less than all of the Ares Operating Group Limited Partners and each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner shall be bound by the results of such action.
3.3    Addresses and Notices. All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given (and shall be deemed to have been duly given upon receipt) by delivery in person, by courier service, by fax, by electronic mail or by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be as specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 3.3):
(a)    If to any Ares Entity Party, to:
2000 Avenue of the Stars 12th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90067
Attention: General Counsel, with a copy to
Global Head of Tax
Fax: (310) 201-4141
Electronic Mail: list_exchangenotice@aresmgmt.com

(b)    If to any Ares Operating Group Limited Partner, to:
2000 Avenue of the Stars 12th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90067 Attention: General Counsel, with a copy to
Global Head of Tax Fax: (310) 201-4141
Electronic Mail: list_exchangenotice@aresmgmt.com

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The Issuer shall forward any such communication to the applicable Ares Operating Group Limited Partner’s address, email address or facsimile number as shown in the books and records of the Ares Operating Group Entities.
3.4    Further Action. The parties shall execute and deliver all documents (including tax forms), provide all information and take or refrain from taking action as may be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this Agreement, in each case, as may be requested by the Issuer or any Ares Operating Group Entity, including executing such sale, purchase or redemption agreements as may be reasonably requested by an Ares Entity Party to effect the transactions contemplated herein.
3.5    Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, their respective heirs and personal representatives, and any estate, trust, partnership or limited liability company or other similar entity of which any such Person is a trustee, partner, member or similar party which is or becomes a party hereto.
3.6    Governing Law; Separability. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflict-of-law principles. If, nevertheless, it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that any provision or wording of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not invalidate the entire Agreement. In that case, this Agreement shall be construed so as to limit any term or provision so as to make it enforceable or valid within the requirements of any applicable law, and, in the event such term or provision cannot be so limited, this Agreement shall be construed to omit such invalid or unenforceable provisions.
3.7    Entire Agreement. This Agreement embodies the entire agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings between the parties with respect to such subject matter. There are no restrictions, promises, representations, warranties, covenants or undertakings, other than those expressly set forth or referred to herein. Each party hereto agrees, represents, and warrants that (a) each such party hereto and such party’s independent counsel have reviewed this Agreement; and (b) any rule of construction to the effect that ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not apply in the interpretation of this Agreement.
3.8    Waiver. Any provision of this Agreement may be waived if, and only if, such waiver is in writing and signed by the party or parties against whom the waiver is to be effective. No failure by any party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement or condition of this Agreement or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof shall constitute waiver of any such breach of any other covenant, duty, agreement or condition. Nothing in this Agreement shall obligate the Issuer or any Ares Operating Group Entity to treat any Ares Operating Group Limited Partners alike, whether or not such Ares Operating Group Limited Partners are similarly situated, and the exercise of any power or discretion by the Issuer or any Ares Operating Group Entity in the case of any one Ares Operating Group Limited Partner shall not create any obligation on the part of the Issuer or any Ares Operating Group Entity to take any similar action in the case of any other Ares Operating Group Limited Partner, it being understood that any power or discretion conferred upon the Issuer or any Ares Operating Group Entity shall be treated as having been so conferred as to each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner separately.
3.9    Dispute Resolution.
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(a)    The exclusive remedy for determining any and all disputes, claims or causes of action, in law or equity, arising out of or related to this Agreement, or the breach, termination, enforcement, interpretation or validity thereof, including the determination of the scope or applicability of this agreement to arbitrate, will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be determined by final, binding and confidential arbitration in Los Angeles, California, before one arbitrator, conducted by the Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services/Endispute, Inc. (“JAMS”), or its successor. Disputes shall be resolved in accordance with the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§1–16, and JAMS’ Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures then in effect. The arbitrator will have the same, but no greater, remedial authority than would a court of law and shall issue a written decision including the arbitrator’s essential findings and conclusions and a statement of the award. Judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered by any court having jurisdiction thereof. The prevailing party in any such arbitration proceeding, as determined by the arbitrator, or in any proceeding to enforce the arbitration award, will be entitled, to the extent permitted by law, to reimbursement from the other party for all of the prevailing party’s costs (including but not limited to the arbitrator’s compensation), expenses and attorneys’ fees. If no party entirely prevails in such arbitration or proceeding, the arbitrator or court shall apportion an award of such fees based on the relative success of each party. In the event of a conflict between this provision and any provision in the applicable rules of JAMS, the provisions of this Agreement will prevail.
(b)    The parties agree that (i) irreparable damage may occur if any provision of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with the terms hereof, (ii) the provisions of Section 3.9(a) shall not preclude any party from obtaining provisional relief, including injunctive relief, from a court of appropriate jurisdiction to protect its rights under this Agreement, and (iii) the parties shall be entitled to seek an injunction to prevent breaches of this Agreement or to enforce specifically the performance of the terms and provisions thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3.9(b), in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity. No party seeking relief under this Section 3.9(b) shall be required to post a bond or prove special damages. Each party agrees and consents to personal jurisdiction, service of process and venue in any federal or state court within the State of California, County of Los Angeles, in connection with any action brought in connection with a request for any such provisional or injunctive relief, and in connection with any action to enforce this arbitration clause or an award in arbitration and agrees not to assert, by way of motion, as a defense or otherwise, that any action brought in any such court should be dismissed on grounds of forum non conveniens. Each party to this Agreement consents to mailing of process or other papers in connection with any such arbitration or action by certified mail.
3.10    Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed and delivered in any number of counterparts (including by facsimile or electronic transmission), each of which shall be an original and all of which together shall constitute a single instrument.
3.11    Tax Treatment. If this Agreement imposes obligations upon a particular Ares Operating Group Entity, this Agreement shall be treated as part of the relevant Ares Operating Group Partnership Agreement as described in Section 761(c) of the Code and Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(h) and 1.761-1(c) of the Treasury Regulations. The parties shall report for U.S. federal and applicable state income tax purposes any Exchange consummated hereunder as a taxable sale of Ares Operating Group Units in such Ares Operating Group Entities by an Ares Operating Group Limited Partner to the Issuer. No party shall take a contrary position with respect to the tax treatment described in this Section 3.11 on any income tax return, amendment thereof or communication with a taxing authority.
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3.12    Independent Nature of Holdings Unitholders’ Rights and Obligations. The obligations of each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner hereunder are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Ares Operating Group Limited Partner, and no Ares Operating Group Limited Partner shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Ares Operating Group Limited Partner hereunder. The decision of each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner to enter into to this Agreement has been made by such Ares Operating Group Limited Partner independently of any other Ares Operating Group Limited Partner. Nothing contained herein, and no action taken by any Ares Operating Group Limited Partner pursuant hereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Ares Operating Group Limited Partners as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Ares Operating Group Limited Partners are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated hereby and the Issuer acknowledges that the Ares Operating Group Limited Partners are not acting in concert or as a group, and the Issuer will not assert any such claim, with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated hereby.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Agreement to be executed and delivered as of the date first set forth above.

ARES HOLDCO LLC,
By: Ares Management Corporation,
its Sole Member
By: /s/Anton Feingold
Name: Anton Feingold    
Title: Authorized Signatory
ARES HOLDINGS L.P,
By:Ares Holdco LLC,
its General Partner
By: Ares Management Corporation,
its Sole Member
By: /s/Anton Feingold
Name: Anton Feingold
Title: Authorized Signatory
ARES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION,
By: /s/Anton Feingold
Name: Anton Feingold
Title: Authorized Signatory
ARES OWNERS HOLDINGS L.P.,
By: Ares Partners Holdco LLC,
its General Partner
By: /s/Anton Feingold
Name: Anton Feingold
Title: Authorized Signatory
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EXHIBIT A
[FORM OF]
NOTICE OF EXCHANGE
Ares Management Corporation
Ares Holdings L.P.

2000 Avenue of the Stars
12th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90067
Attention: General Counsel
Fax: (310) 201-4141
Electronic Mail: list_exchangenotice@aresmgmt.com

Reference is hereby made to the Fifth Amended and Restated Exchange Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2021 (the “Exchange Agreement”), among Ares Holdco LLC, Ares Holdings L.P., Ares Management Corporation and each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner (as defined in the Exchange Agreement) from time to time party to the Exchange Agreement, as amended from time to time. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Exchange Agreement.
The undersigned Ares Operating Group Limited Partner desires to exchange the number of Ares Operating Group Units set forth below in the form of an Exchange to be issued in its name as set forth below.
Legal Name of Ares Operating Group Limited Partner:                        
Address:                                                 
Number of Ares Operating Group Units to be exchanged:                        
The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that (i) the undersigned has full legal capacity to execute and deliver this Notice of Exchange and to perform the undersigned’s obligations hereunder; (ii) this Notice of Exchange has been duly executed and delivered by the undersigned; (iii) the Ares Operating Group Units subject to this Notice of Exchange will be transferred to the Ares Operating Group Entities free and clear of any Liens, other than restrictions provided in the Ares Operating Group Partnership Agreement or pursuant to the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws; and (iv) no consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of any third party or with any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the undersigned or the Ares Operating Group Units subject to this Notice of Exchange is required to be obtained by the undersigned for the transfer of such Ares Operating Group Units to the Ares Operating Group Entities.
The undersigned hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints any officer of each Ares Entity Party as the attorney of the undersigned, with full power of substitution and resubstitution in the premises, to do any and all things and to take any and all actions that may be necessary to exchange the Ares Operating Group Units subject to this Notice of Exchange on the books of the Ares Operating Group Entities for Class A Shares on the books of the Issuer.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Notice of Exchange to be executed and delivered by the undersigned or by its duly authorized attorney as of                .

By:
Name:
Title:


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EXHIBIT B
[FORM OF]
JOINDER AGREEMENT

This Joinder Agreement (“Joinder Agreement”) is a joinder to the Fifth Amended and Restated Exchange Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2021 (the “Agreement”), among Ares Holdco LLC, Ares Holdings L.P., Ares Management Corporation and each Ares Operating Group Limited Partner (as defined in the Agreement) from time to time party to the Agreement, as amended from time to time. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Agreement. This Joinder Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflict-of-law principles. If there is a conflict between this Joinder Agreement and the Agreement, the terms of this Joinder Agreement shall control.
The undersigned hereby joins and enters into the Agreement having acquired Ares Operating Group Units in the Ares Operating Group Entities. By signing and returning this Joinder Agreement to the Issuer and the Ares Operating Group Entities, the undersigned accepts and agrees to be bound by and subject to all of the terms and conditions of and agreements of an Ares Operating Group Limited Partner contained in the Agreement, with all attendant rights, duties and obligations of an Ares Operating Group Limited Partner thereunder. The parties to the Agreement shall treat the execution and delivery hereof by the undersigned as the execution and delivery of the Agreement by the undersigned and, upon receipt of this Joinder Agreement by the Issuer and by the Ares Operating Group Entities, the signature of the undersigned set forth below shall constitute a counterpart signature to the signature page of the Agreement.
Name:
Address for Notices:
Attention:

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Joinder Agreement to be executed as of                     .

By:
Name:
Title:
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Exhibit 10.4
THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT
This THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of April 1, 2021 (the “Effective Date”), is entered into by and among Ares Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Parent”), Ares Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Ares Holdings”),all other Persons (as defined herein) in which the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries acquires a partnership interest or similar interest after the Effective Date and who execute and deliver a joinder contemplated in Section 7.12 (together with Ares Holdings, the “Partnerships”), Ares Owners Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“AOH”), Alleghany Insurance Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Alleghany”) and each of the parties set forth on Schedule A hereto (the “Limited Partners” and together with AOH and Alleghany, the “TRA Holders”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, TRA Holders directly or indirectly hold limited partnership interests in each of the Partnerships (“Partnership Units”), and each of the Partnerships is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
WHEREAS, as of the Effective Date, the Parent or its direct or indirect Subsidiary is the general partner of the Partnership in which the Parent owns an interest;
WHEREAS, pursuant to and subject to the provisions of the Exchange Agreement (as defined below), TRA Holders are entitled to surrender Partnership Units to the Partnerships in exchange for the delivery by the Partnerships of Class A Shares, cash or other consideration and the general partners of the Partnerships have a superseding right to acquire such Partnership Units for Class A Shares, cash or other consideration;
WHEREAS, each of the Partnerships will, and certain of their direct and indirect Subsidiaries that are treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes may, have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Code, for each Taxable Year in which a taxable exchange of Partnership Units for Class A Shares, cash or other consideration occurs, which election is intended to result in an adjustment to the tax basis of the assets owned by the Partnerships at the time of such an exchange of Partnership Units for Class A Shares, cash or other consideration (collectively, an “Exchange”, the date of such Exchange, the “Exchange Date”, and such assets and any asset whose tax basis is determined, in whole or in part, by reference to the adjusted basis of any such asset, the “Reference Assets”) by reason of such Exchange and the receipt of payments under this Agreement;
WHEREAS, the income, gain, loss, expense and other Tax items of (i) the Partnerships solely with respect to the Parent may be affected by the Basis Adjustment (defined below) and (ii) the Parent may be affected by the Imputed Interest (as defined below);
WHEREAS, effective as of March 1, 2018, Ares Management, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership and the predecessor of the Parent (“Ares LP”), elected to be classified as an










association taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 301.7701-3(c) (the “Tax Election”);
WHEREAS, certain of the parties to this Agreement entered into the Amended and Restated Tax Receivable Agreement, effective as of March 1, 2018, to make certain arrangements with respect to the effect of the Basis Adjustment and Imputed Interest on the actual liability for Taxes of the Parent (and, prior to the Internal Restructuring (as defined below), Ares Holdings Inc., a Delaware Corporation (“Holdings Inc.”);
WHEREAS, effective as of November 26, 2018, Ares LP filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Conversion to convert to the Parent, in accordance with the Delaware General Corporation Law and the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (the “Conversion”);
WHEREAS, certain of the parties to this Agreement entered into the Second Amended & Restated Tax Receivable Agreement, effective as of November 26, 2018 (the “A&R Agreement”), in connection with the Conversion, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein;
WHEREAS, effective as of April 1, 2021, (a) Holdings Inc. merged with and into Ares Holdco LLC (“Ares Holdings IntermediateCo”), with Ares Holdings IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (b) Ares Offshore Holdings, Ltd. merged with and into Ares Silo Merger Sub LLC (“Merger LLC”), with Merger LLC continuing as the surviving entity, (c) Merger LLC merged with and into Ares Holdings IntermediateCo, with Ares Holdings IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (d) Ares AI Holdings, L.P. merged with and into AI Holdco LLC (“Ares Investments IntermediateCo”), with Ares Investments IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (e) Ares Investments IntermediateCo merged with and into Ares Holdings IntermediateCo, with Ares Holdings IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (f) AOF Holdco LLC merged with and into Ares Holdings IntermediateCo, with Ares Holdings IntermediateCo continuing as the surviving entity, (g) Ares Investments L.P. merged with and into Ares Holdings, with Ares Holdings continuing as the surviving entity, and (h) Ares Offshore Holdings Delaware L.P. merged with and into Ares Holdings, with Ares Holdings continuing as the surviving entity (collectively, the “Internal Restructuring”); and
WHEREAS, in connection with the Internal Restructuring, the parties now desire to amend and restate the A&R Agreement as hereinafter set forth.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.01.    Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth in this Article I shall have the following meanings.

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“A&R Agreement” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.

“Advisory Firm” means Kirkland & Ellis LLP, other advisors as indicated by the Parent or any other accounting firm or law firm that is nationally recognized as being expert in Tax matters and that is designated as such by the Board.

“Advisory Firm Letter” means a letter from the Advisory Firm stating that the relevant schedule, notice or other information to be provided or made available by the Parent to TRA Holders or the Principals, as the case may be, and all supporting schedules and work papers were prepared in a manner consistent with the terms of this Agreement and, to the extent not expressly provided in this Agreement, on a reasonable basis in light of the facts and law in existence on the date such schedule, notice or other information is delivered or made available to the TRA Holders or the Principals, as the case may be.
“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such first Person.
“Agreed Rate” means LIBOR plus 100 basis points.
“Agreement” is defined in the Preamble of this Agreement.
“Alleghany” is defined in the Preamble of this Agreement.
“Amended Schedule” is defined in Section 2.04(b) of this Agreement.
“AOH” is defined in the Preamble of this Agreement.
“AOH Partnership Agreement” means the limited partnership agreement of AOH.
“AOH Units” means limited partnership interests in AOH.
“Ares Group” means, collectively, the Parent, the Partnerships and any other entity designated by the Board as being a member of the Ares Group.
“Ares Holdings IntermediateCo” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.
“Ares Investments IntermediateCo” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.
“Ares LP” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.
“Bankruptcy Code” means The Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, codified as 11 U.S.C. Section 101 et seq.

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“Basis Adjustment” means the adjustment to the tax basis of a Reference Asset under
Sections 1012, 732, 734(b), 743(b) and 754 of the Code and, in each case, comparable sections of U.S. state and local and foreign tax laws (as calculated under Section 2.01 of this Agreement) as a result of an Exchange and the payments made pursuant to this Agreement. In the case of an interest in a Partnership that owns a Reference Asset and that has been the subject of an Exchange, if at any time after such Exchange, the interest is transferred to (i) the Parent or (ii) any entity that is owned directly or indirectly in whole or in part by the Parent or that is a member of an affiliated or consolidated group of corporations described in Section 7.11(b) that includes the Parent, the Basis Adjustment for such Reference Asset shall include, to the extent reasonably determined to be appropriate by the Parent, any adjustment to the tax basis of the Reference Asset under Sections 1012, 732, 734(b), 743(b) and 754 of the Code and, in each case, comparable sections of U.S. state and local and foreign tax laws (as calculated under Section 2.01 of this Agreement) as a result of such transfer to the extent such adjustment does not exceed the unamortized Basis Adjustment for the Reference Asset as determined immediately before such transfer. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the amount of any Basis Adjustment resulting from an Exchange of one or more Partnership Units shall be determined separately for each such Exchange and without regard to any Pre-Exchange Transfer of such Partnership Units and as if any such Pre-Exchange Transfer had not occurred.

A “Beneficial Owner” of a security is a Person who directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, such security or (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose, or to direct the disposition of, such security. The terms “Beneficially Own” and “Beneficial Ownership” shall have correlative meanings.
“Board” means the board of directors of the Parent.
“Business Day” means Monday through Friday of each week, except that a legal holiday recognized as such by the U.S. government or the State of New York shall not be regarded as a Business Day.
“Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following events:
(i) any Person or any group of Persons acting together which would constitute a “group” for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, excluding a group of Persons, which, if it includes any Principal or any of its Affiliates, includes all Principals then employed by the Parent or any of its Affiliates, is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Parent representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Parent’s then outstanding voting securities; or
(ii) the stockholders of the Parent approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Parent or there is consummated an agreement or series of related agreements for the sale or other disposition, directly, or indirectly, by the Parent of all or substantially all of the Parent’s assets, other than such sale or other disposition by the Parent of all or substantially all of the
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Parent’s assets to an entity, at least 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned by stockholders of the Parent in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Parent immediately prior to such sale.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a “Change of Control” shall not be deemed to have occurred (i) by virtue of the consummation of any transaction or series of integrated transactions immediately following which the record holders of the stock of the Parent immediately prior to such transaction or series of transactions continue to have substantially the same proportionate ownership in an entity which owns all or substantially all of the assets of the Parent immediately following such transaction or series of transactions, or (ii) as a result of the Conversion.

“Class A Shares” means shares of Class A Common Stock of the Parent.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
“Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
“Conversion” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.
“Default Rate” means LIBOR plus 500 basis points.
“Delaware General Corporation Law” means the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, 8 Del. C. § 101, et seq.
“Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act” means the Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act of the State of Delaware, 6 Del. C. §17-101, et seq.
“Determination” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 1313(a) of the Code or similar provision of U.S. state and local and foreign tax law, as applicable, or any other event (including the execution of an IRS Form 870-AD (Waiver of Restrictions on Assessment and Collection of Deficiency in Tax and Acceptance of Overassessment)) that finally and conclusively establishes the amount of any liability for Tax.
“Early Termination Date” means the date of an Early Termination Notice for purposes of determining the Early Termination Payment.
“Early Termination Notice” is defined in Section 4.02 of this Agreement.
“Early Termination Objection Notice” is defined in Section 4.02 of this Agreement.
“Early Termination Schedule” is defined in Section 4.02 of this Agreement.
“Early Termination Payment” is defined in Section 4.03(b) of this Agreement.
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“Early Termination Rate” means the lesser of (i) 6.5% and (ii) the Agreed Rate.
“Effective Date” is defined in the Preamble of this Agreement.

“Exchange” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.
“Exchange Agreement” means the Fifth Amended and Restated Exchange Agreement among the Parent, the Partnerships and the other parties thereto.
“Exchange Basis Schedule” is defined in Section 2.02 of this Agreement.
“Exchange Date” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.
“Exchange Payment” means any Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment required to be made by the Parent to the TRA Holders under this Agreement.
“Exchange Price” is the amount of cash, Class A Shares or other consideration transferred to a holder of Partnership Units pursuant to an Exchange as payment for the exchanged Partnership Units, other than amounts payable pursuant to this Agreement.
“Expert” is defined in Section 7.09 of this Agreement.
“Holdcos” means, collectively, the Parent and any other entity designated as a Holdco by the Board.
“Imputed Interest” means any interest imputed under Section 1272, 1274, 483 or other provision of the Code and any similar provision of state, local and foreign tax law with respect to payment obligations under this Agreement.
“Internal Restructuring” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.
“IRS” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
“LIBOR” means for each month (or portion thereof) during any period, an interest rate per annum equal to the rate per annum reported, on the date two days prior to the first day of such month, on the Telerate Page 3750 (or if such screen shall cease to be publicly available, as reported on Reuters Screen page “LIBO” or by any other publicly available source of such market rate) for London interbank offered rates for U.S. dollar deposits for such month (or portion thereof); provided that if at any time, for any reason, such rate shall no longer be publicly available, the Parent will replace LIBOR with a successor rate.
“Limited Partner” is defined in the Preamble of this Agreement.
“Market Value” means the closing price of the Class A Shares on the applicable Exchange Date on the national securities exchange or interdealer quotation system on which such Class A Shares are then traded or listed (the “National Exchange”), as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system of the National Exchange; provided that if the closing
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price is not so reported on the applicable Exchange Date, then the Market Value shall mean the closing price of the Class A Shares on the Business Day immediately preceding such Exchange Date on the National Exchange, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system of the National Exchange; provided further, that if the Class A Shares are not then listed on a national securities exchange or interdealer quotation system, “Market Value” shall mean the cash consideration paid for Class A Shares, or the fair market value of the other property delivered for Class A Shares, as determined by the Parent in good faith.
“Merger LLC” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.
“Net Tax Benefit” is defined in Section 3.01(b) of this Agreement.
“Non-Stepped Up Tax Basis” means, with respect to any asset at any time, the tax basis that such asset would have had at such time if no Basis Adjustment had been made.
“Non-Stepped Up Tax Liability” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the liability for Taxes of the Parent or any Partnership in which the Parent directly or indirectly owns an interest, but only with respect to Taxes imposed on such Partnership and allocable to the Parent, but using the Non-Stepped Up Tax Basis instead of the tax basis of the Reference Assets attributable to each Partnership and excluding any deduction attributable to the Imputed Interest.
“Objection Notice” is defined in Section 2.04(a) of this Agreement.
“Parent” is defined in the Preamble of this Agreement.
“Partnership Agreement” means, with respect to a Partnership, the limited partnership agreement or similar agreement of such Partnership.
“Partnership Units” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.
“Partnerships” is defined in the Preamble of this Agreement.
“Payment Date” means any date on which a payment is required to be made pursuant to this Agreement.
“Person” means any individual, corporation, firm, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, estate, trust, business association, organization, governmental entity or other entity.
“Pre-Exchange Transfer” means any direct or indirect transfer of one or more Partnership Units (i) that occurs prior to an Exchange of such Partnership Units, and (ii) to which either Section 734(b) or 743(b) of the Code applies.
“Principals” means the Persons set forth on Schedule B hereto and any additional Persons who may from time to time be designated by the Board as Principals; provided that (i) unless the Parent determines otherwise, if any Principal is an employee of the Parent or one or more of its
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Subsidiaries or Affiliates as of the date of this Agreement or hereafter, such Person shall cease to
be a Principal once such Person ceases to be an employee of the Parent or one or more of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates and (ii) a Person will be a Principal only with respect to the provisions of this Agreement, and subject to the limitations, set forth on Schedule B.

“Put Right” means a contractual right, pursuant to which a TRA Holder has the right, but not the obligation, to cause the Partnerships or their Affiliates to redeem all, or a portion of, such TRA Holder’s Partnership Units at a predetermined price.

“Realized Tax Benefit” means, for a Taxable Year, the excess, if any, of the Non-Stepped Up Tax Liability over the actual liability for Taxes of the Parent or any Partnership in which the Parent directly or indirectly owns an interest, but only with respect to Taxes imposed on such Partnership and allocable to the Parent, using the “with or without” methodology. If all or a portion of the actual tax liability for Taxes for the Taxable Year arises as a result of an audit by a Taxing Authority of any Taxable Year, such liability shall not be included in determining the Realized Tax Benefit unless and until there has been a Determination.
“Realized Tax Detriment” means, for a Taxable Year, the excess, if any, of the actual liability for Taxes of the Parent or any Partnership in which the Parent directly or indirectly owns an interest, but only with respect to Taxes imposed on such Partnership and allocable to the Parent, over the Non-Stepped Up Tax Liability for such Taxable Year using the “with or without” methodology. If all or a portion of the actual tax liability for Taxes for the Taxable Year arises as a result of an audit by a Taxing Authority of any Taxable Year, such liability shall not be included in determining the Realized Tax Detriment unless and until there has been a Determination.
“Reconciliation Dispute” is defined in Section 7.09 of this Agreement.
“Reconciliation Procedures” means those procedures set forth in Section 7.09 of this Agreement.
“Reference Assets” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.
“Schedule” means any Exchange Basis Schedule, Tax Benefit Schedule and the Early Termination Schedule.
“Subsequent Exchange” is defined in Section 4.01 of this Agreement.
“Subsidiaries” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person as to which such Person, owns, directly or indirectly, or otherwise controls more than 50% of the voting shares or other similar interests or the general partner interest, managing member interest or similar interest of such Person.
“Tax Benefit Payment” is defined in Section 3.01(b) of this Agreement.
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“Tax Benefit Schedule” is defined in Section 2.03 of this Agreement.

“Tax Election” is defined in the Recitals of this Agreement.

“Tax Return” means any return, declaration, report or similar statement required to be filed with respect to Taxes (including any attached schedules), including any information return, claim for refund, amended return and declaration of estimated Tax.
“Taxable Year” means a taxable year as defined in Section 441(b) of the Code or comparable section of state, local or foreign tax law, as applicable, (and, therefore, for the avoidance of doubt, may include a period of less than 12 months for which a Tax Return is made) ending on or after the Exchange Date in which there is a Basis Adjustment due to an Exchange.
“Taxes” means any and all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign taxes, assessments or similar charges measured with respect to net income or profits and any interest related to such Tax.
“Taxing Authority” means any domestic, foreign, federal, national, state, county or municipal or other local government, any subdivision, agency, commission or authority thereof, or any quasi-governmental body exercising any taxing authority or any other authority exercising Tax regulatory authority.
“TRA Holder” is defined in the Preamble of this Agreement, and for the avoidance of doubt shall not include any direct or indirect holder of Partnership Units that is not a party to this Agreement.
“Treasury Regulations” means the final, temporary and proposed regulations under the Code promulgated from time to time (including corresponding provisions and succeeding provisions) as in effect for the relevant taxable period.
“Valuation Assumptions” means, as of an Early Termination Date, with respect to the Parent, the assumptions that (1) in each Taxable Year ending on or after such Early Termination Date, the Parent will have taxable income sufficient to fully utilize the tax benefits arising from the Basis Adjustment and the Imputed Interest during such Taxable Year, (2) the federal income tax rates and state, local and foreign income tax rates that will be in effect for each such Taxable Year will be those specified for each such Taxable Year by the Code and other law as in effect on the Early Termination Date, (3) any loss carryovers generated by the Basis Adjustment or the Imputed Interest and available as of the date of the Early Termination Schedule will be utilized by the Parent on a pro rata basis from the date of the Early Termination Date through the scheduled expiration date of such loss carryovers, (4) any non-amortizable assets are deemed to be disposed of (A) with respect to fund related assets, pro-rata over the number of years remaining under the original fund agreement until expected liquidation (without extensions) of
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the applicable fund (or, (y) if such expected liquidation date has passed, on the Early Termination Date and (z) if with respect to “evergreen” funds, after eighteen (18) months) and (B) with respect to all other assets, on the fifteenth anniversary of the earlier of the Basis Adjustment and the Early Termination Date and (5) if an Early Termination is effected prior to an Exchange of Partnership Units, the first sentence of Section 2.01 shall be read to include the cash, Class A Shares or other consideration that would be transferred if the Exchange occurred on the Early Termination Date.

Section 1.02.    Interpretation. Unless a clear contrary intention appears: (i) the defined terms herein shall apply equally to both the singular and plural forms of such terms; (ii) reference to any Person includes such Person’s successors and assigns but, if applicable, only if such successors and assigns are not prohibited by this Agreement, and reference to a Person in a particular capacity excludes such Person in any other capacity or individually; (iii) any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms; (iv) reference to any agreement, document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended or modified and in effect from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof; (v) reference to any law, rule or regulation means such law, rule or regulation as amended, modified, codified, replaced or reenacted, in whole or in part, and in effect from time to time, including rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and reference to any section or other provision of any law, rule or regulation means that provision of such law, rule or regulation from time to time in effect and constituting the substantive amendment, modification, codification, replacement or reenactment of such section or other provision; (vi) “hereunder,” “hereof,” “hereto,” and words of similar import shall be deemed references to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular article, section or other provision hereof; (vii) numbered or lettered articles, sections and subsections herein contained refer to articles, sections and subsections of this Agreement; (viii) “including” (and with correlative meaning “include”) means including without limiting the generality of any description preceding such term; (ix) “or” is used in the inclusive sense of “and/or”; (x) references to documents, instruments or agreements shall be deemed to refer as well to all addenda, exhibits, schedules or amendments thereto; and (xi) reference to dollars or $ shall be deemed to refer to U.S. dollars.
ARTICLE II
DETERMINATION OF REALIZED TAX BENEFIT
Section 2.01.    Basis Adjustment. The Parent and the Partnerships, on the one hand, and the TRA Holders, on the other hand, acknowledge that, as a result of an Exchange, the Parent’s tax basis in the applicable Reference Assets shall be increased, if at all, as provided in the definition of Basis Adjustment. For the avoidance of doubt, payments made under this Agreement shall not be treated as resulting in a Basis Adjustment to the extent such payments are treated as Imputed Interest. The parties agree that (i) all Tax Benefit Payments attributable to the Basis Adjustments (other than amounts treated as interest under the Code) (A) will be treated as purchase price adjustments that result in additional Basis Adjustments to the Reference Assets for the Parent and (B) have the effect of creating additional Basis Adjustments to the Reference Assets for the Parent in the year such Tax Benefit Payments are made, and (ii) as a result, such
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additional Basis Adjustments will be included in computing the current year’s Tax Benefit Payment calculation and included in computing future years’ Tax Benefit Payment calculations, as appropriate.

Section 2.02.    Exchange Basis Schedule. Within 90 calendar days after the filing of the U.S. federal income tax return of the Parent for each Taxable Year in which any Exchange has been effected, the Parent shall deliver to the Principals, at any Principal’s request, a schedule (an “Exchange Basis Schedule”) that shows, in reasonable detail, for purposes of Taxes, (i) the actual unadjusted tax basis of the Reference Assets as of each applicable Exchange Date, (ii) the Basis Adjustment with respect to the Reference Assets as a result of the Exchanges effected in such Taxable Year, calculated in the aggregate and separately stated for each applicable TRA Holder, (iii) the period or periods, if any, over which the Reference Assets are amortizable or depreciable and (iv) the period or periods, if any, over which each Basis Adjustment is amortizable or depreciable (which, for non-amortizable assets shall be based on the Valuation Assumptions). For the avoidance of doubt, after a Principal has surrendered all of its Partnership Units under the Exchange Agreement, the Parent shall no longer be obligated to provide an Exchange Basis Schedule (other than an Amended Schedule or an Exchange Basis Schedule for any previous Taxable Year in which the Principal surrendered its Partnership Units under the Exchange Agreement) with respect to such Principal under this Section 2.02.
Section 2.03.    Tax Benefit Schedule. Within 90 calendar days after the filing of the U.S. federal income tax return of the Parent for any Taxable Year in which there is a Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment, the Parent shall provide to the Principals, at any Principal’s request, a schedule showing, in reasonable detail, the calculation of the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year setting forth the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment, as the case may be, for each TRA Holder (a “Tax Benefit Schedule”). The Schedule will become final as provided in Section 2.04(a) and may be amended as provided, and subject to the procedures set forth, in Section 2.04(b). For the avoidance of doubt, if a Principal has surrendered all of its Partnership Units under the Exchange Agreement and is no longer entitled to receive a Tax Benefit Payment under this Agreement, the Parent shall no longer be obligated to provide a Tax Benefit Schedule (other than an Amended Schedule or a Tax Benefit Schedule for any previous Taxable Year with respect to which the Principal received a Tax Benefit Payment) with respect to such Principal under this Section 2.03.
Section 2.04.    Procedures, Amendments
(a)    Procedure. Every time the Parent delivers to the Principals an applicable Schedule under this Agreement, including any Amended Schedule delivered pursuant to Section 2.04(b), but excluding any Early Termination Schedule or amended Early Termination Schedule, the Parent shall also (x) deliver to the Principals schedules and work papers providing reasonable detail regarding the preparation of the Schedule and an Advisory Firm Letter supporting such Schedule and (y) allow the Principals reasonable access at no cost to the appropriate representatives at the Parent and the Advisory Firm in connection with a review of such Schedule. The applicable Schedule shall become final and binding on all parties unless a
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Principal, within 30 calendar days after receiving an Exchange Basis Schedule or amendment thereto or 30 calendar days after receiving a Tax Benefit Schedule or amendment thereto, provides the Parent with notice (an “Objection Notice”) of a material objection to such Schedule made in good faith; provided that only Principals (or their designees) shall have the right to object to any Schedule or Amended Schedule pursuant to this Section 2.04. If the parties, for any reason, are unable to successfully resolve the issues raised in such Objection Notice within 30 calendar days of receipt by the Parent of the Objection Notice, if with respect to an Exchange Basis Schedule, or 30 calendar days of receipt by the Parent of the Objection Notice, if with respect to a Tax Benefit Schedule, after such Schedule was delivered to the Principals, the Parent and such Principal shall employ the Reconciliation Procedures.

(b)    Amended Schedule. The applicable Schedule for any Taxable Year may be amended from time to time by the Parent (i) in connection with a Determination affecting such Schedule, (ii) to correct material inaccuracies in the Schedule identified as a result of the receipt of additional factual information relating to a Taxable Year after the date the Schedule was made available to the Principals, (iii) to comply with the Expert’s determination under the Reconciliation Procedures, (iv) to reflect a material change in the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year attributable to a carryback or carryforward of a loss or other tax item to such Taxable Year, (v) to reflect a material change in the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year attributable to an amended Tax Return filed for such Taxable Year, or (vi) to adjust the Exchange Basis Schedule to take into account payments made pursuant to this Agreement (such Schedule, an “Amended Schedule”).

ARTICLE III
TAX BENEFIT PAYMENTS
Section 3.01.    Payments
(a)    Payments. Within five calendar days of a Tax Benefit Schedule (or any amendment thereto) becoming final in accordance with Section 2.04(a) the Parent shall pay to each applicable TRA Holder for such Taxable Year the Tax Benefit Payment determined pursuant to Section 3.01(b). The portion of such Tax Benefit Payment that is payable to a particular TRA Holder shall be determined by taking into account (A) in the case of an Exchange by a TRA Holder (other than pursuant to the exercise of a Put Right), the portion of such Tax Benefit Payment attributable to such TRA Holder’s Exchanges and (B) in the case of AOH, the portion of such Tax Benefit Payment attributable to an Exchange pursuant to the exercise of a Put Right or an Exchange by a holder of Partnership Units who is not a TRA Holder, in all cases, for such Taxable Year, relative to the aggregate Tax Benefit Payments attributable to all Exchanges for such Taxable Year, provided that such accounting shall be determined by the Parent in good faith and exercising reasonable discretion. Each such Tax Benefit Payment shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account previously designated by the applicable TRA Holder. For the avoidance of doubt, no Tax Benefit Payment shall be made in respect of estimated tax payments, including federal income tax payments. For the
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avoidance of doubt, no Tax Benefit Payment shall be made to any current or former holder of AOH Units or Partnership Units that is not a party to this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in no event shall the aggregate Tax Benefit Payments to any TRA Holder (other than amounts treated as interest under the Code) in respect of the Exchanges under this Agreement exceed an amount equal to 85% of the portion of the Exchange Price paid to such TRA Holder (or in the case of AOH, the Exchange Price paid to the holders of Partnership Units who are not party to this Agreement or the Exchange Price paid pursuant to the exercise of a Put Right, as applicable) pursuant to such Exchanges.

(b)    A “Tax Benefit Payment” means an amount, not less than zero, equal to 85% of the sum of the Net Tax Benefit and the Interest Amount. The “Net Tax Benefit” shall equal: (1) the Parent’s Realized Tax Benefit, if any, for a Taxable Year plus (2) the excess of the Realized Tax Benefit reflected on an amended Tax Benefit Schedule for a previous Taxable Year over the Realized Tax Benefit (or Realized Tax Detriment (expressed as a negative number)) reflected on the Tax Benefit Schedule for such previous Taxable Year, minus (3) an amount equal to the Parent’s Realized Tax Detriment (if any) for the current or any previous Taxable Year, minus (4) the excess of the Realized Tax Benefit reflected on a Tax Benefit Schedule for a previous Taxable Year over the Realized Tax Benefit (or Realized Tax Detriment (expressed as a negative number)) reflected on the amended Tax Benefit Schedule for such
previous Taxable Year; provided that (x) to e extent the amounts described in 3.01(b)(2), (3) and (4) were taken into account in determining any Tax Benefit Payment in a preceding Taxable Year, such amounts shall not be taken into account in determining a Tax Benefit Payment attributable to any other Taxable Year and (y) no TRA Holder shall be required to return any portion of any previously made Tax Benefit Payment. The “Interest Amount” shall equal the interest on the Net Tax Benefit calculated at the Agreed Rate from the due date (without extensions) for filing the Parent’s Tax Return with respect to Taxes for such Taxable Year until the Payment Date. For the avoidance of doubt, the Net Tax Benefit shall be calculated based on the Parent’s consolidated taxable income pursuant to Section 7.11(b), but the Imputed Interest shall be calculated based on the portion of the Tax Benefit Payment attributable to the Realized Tax Benefit generated by each Partnership. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for each Taxable Year ending on or after the date of a Change of Control, all Tax Benefit Payments, whether paid with respect to Partnership Units that were exchanged (i) prior to the date of such Change of Control or (ii) on or after the date of such Change of Control, shall be calculated by utilizing Valuation Assumptions (1), (3), and (4), substituting in each case the terms “the closing date of a Change of Control” for an “Early Termination Date”.

Section 3.02.    No Duplicative Payments. It is intended that the above provisions of this Agreement will not result in duplicative payment of any amount (including interest) required under this Agreement. It is also intended that the provisions of this Agreement provide that 85% of the Parent’s Realized Tax Benefit and Interest Amount is paid to the TRA Holders pursuant to this Agreement. The provisions of this Agreement shall be construed in the appropriate manner so that such intentions are realized.
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Section 3.03.    Pro Rata Payments. For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent the Parent’s utilization of Tax benefits with respect to a Basis Adjustment is limited in a particular Taxable Year, or the Parent lacks sufficient funds to satisfy its obligations to make all Tax Benefit Payments due in a particular taxable year, the limitation on such Tax benefit shall be taken into account, or the Tax Benefit Payments shall be made, as the case may be, to each TRA Holder on a pro rata basis which reflects the proportion of the total amount of Tax benefits attributable to such TRA Holder relative to the aggregate Tax benefits for all of the TRA holders (as determined by the Parent in good faith and exercising reasonable discretion).
ARTICLE IV
TERMINATION
Section 4.01.    Early Termination and Breach of Agreement.
(a)    The Parent may terminate this Agreement with respect to all of the Partnership Units held (or previously held and exchanged) by the TRA Holders, or indirectly held by holders of AOH Units, at any time by paying to the TRA Holders the Early Termination Payment; provided that (a) this Agreement shall only terminate upon the receipt of the Early Termination Payment by the TRA Holders, and (b) the Parent may withdraw any notice to execute its termination rights under this Section 4.01 prior to the time at which any Early Termination Payment has been paid. Upon payment of the Early Termination Payments by the Parent, the Parent shall not have any further payment obligations under this Agreement in respect of the TRA Holders, other than for any (a) Tax Benefit Payment agreed to by the Parent and the Principals as due and payable but unpaid as of the Early Termination Notice and (b) Tax Benefit Payment due for the Taxable Year ending with or including the date of the Early Termination Notice (except to the extent that the amount described in clause (b) is included in the Early Termination Payment). If an Exchange occurs after the Parent exercises its termination rights under this Section 4.01 , the Parent shall have no obligations under this Agreement with respect to such Exchange.
(b)    If the Parent breaches any of its material obligations under this Agreement, whether as a result of failure to make any payment when due, failure to honor any other material obligation required hereunder or by operation of law as a result of the rejection of this Agreement in a case commenced under the Bankruptcy Code or otherwise, then all obligations hereunder shall be accelerated and such obligations shall be calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the date of such breach and shall include, but not be limited to, (1) the Early Termination Payment calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the date of a breach, (2) any Tax Benefit Payment agreed to by the Parent and any TRA Holders as due and payable but unpaid as of the date of a breach, and (3) any Tax Benefit Payment due for the Taxable Year ending with or including the date of a breach. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Parent breaches this Agreement, the TRA Holders shall be entitled to elect to receive the amounts set forth in (1), (2) and (3), above or to seek specific performance of the terms hereof. The failure to make any payment due pursuant to this Agreement within three months of the date such payment is due shall be deemed to be a breach
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of a material obligation under this Agreement for all purposes of this Agreement; provided that it will not be considered to be a breach of a material obligation under this Agreement to make a payment due pursuant to this Agreement if such payment is made within three months of the date such payment is due.
(c)    The undersigned parties agree that the aggregate value of the Tax Benefit Payments cannot be ascertained with any reasonable certainty for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Section 4.02.    Early Termination Notice. If the Parent chooses to exercise its right of early termination under Section 4.01 above, the Parent shall deliver to the TRA Holders notice of such intention to exercise such right (“Early Termination Notice”) and shall deliver to the Principals a schedule (the “Early Termination Schedule”) specifying the Parent’s intention to exercise such right and showing in reasonable detail the calculation of the Early Termination Payment. The applicable Early Termination Schedule shall become final and binding on all parties unless a Principal, within 30 calendar days after receiving the Early Termination Schedule thereto provides the Parent with notice (“Early Termination Objection Notice”) of a material objection to such Schedule made in good faith. If the parties, for any reason, are unable to successfully resolve the issues raised in such notice within 30 calendar days after receipt by the Parent of the Early Termination Objection Notice, the Parent and a Principal shall employ the Reconciliation Procedures as described in Section 7.09 of this Agreement.
Section 4.03.    Payment upon Early Termination. (a) Within three calendar days after agreement between the Principals and the Parent of the Early Termination Schedule, the Parent shall pay to the TRA Holders an amount equal to the Early Termination Payment. Such payment shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the bank accounts designated by each of the TRA Holders.
(b)    The “Early Termination Payment” as of the date of the delivery of an Early Termination Schedule shall equal with respect to a TRA Holder the present value, discounted at the Early Termination Rate as of such date, of all Tax Benefit Payments that would be required to be paid by the Parent to such TRA Holder beginning from the Early Termination Date assuming the Valuation Assumptions are applied.
ARTICLE V
LATE PAYMENTS
Section 5.01.    Late Payments by the Parent. The amount of all or any portion of any Exchange Payment not made to the TRA Holders when due under the terms of this Agreement shall be payable together with any interest thereon, computed at the Default Rate and commencing from the date on which such Exchange Payment was due and payable.
ARTICLE VI
NO DISPUTES; CONSISTENCY; COOPERATION

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Section 6.01.    Principal Participation in the Parent’s and Partnerships’ Tax Matters.Except as otherwise provided herein, the Parent shall have full responsibility for, and sole discretion over, all Tax matters concerning the Parent and the Partnerships, including the preparation, filing or amending of any Tax Return and defending, contesting or settling any issue pertaining to Taxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parent shall notify each Principal of, and keep the Principals reasonably informed with respect to the portion of any audit of the Parent and the Partnerships by a Taxing Authority the outcome of which is reasonably expected to affect any TRA Holder’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, and shall provide to the Principals reasonable opportunity to provide information and other input to the Parent, the Partnerships and their respective advisors concerning the conduct of any such portion of such audit; provided that the Parent and each of the Partnerships shall not be required to take any action that is inconsistent with any provision of any of the Partnership Agreements.

Section 6.02.    Consistency. Except upon the written advice of an Advisory Firm, the Parent and the TRA Holders agree to report and cause to be reported for all purposes, including federal, state, local and foreign tax purposes and financial reporting purposes, all Tax-related items (including the Basis Adjustment and each Tax Benefit Payment) in a manner consistent with that specified by the Parent in any Schedule required to be provided by or on behalf of the Parent under this Agreement.
Section 6.03.    Cooperation. The TRA Holders shall (a) furnish to the Parent in a timely manner such information, documents and other materials as the Parent may reasonably request for purposes of making any determination or computation necessary or appropriate under this Agreement, preparing any Tax Return or contesting or defending any audit, examination or controversy with any Taxing Authority, (b) make themselves reasonably available to the Parent and its representatives to provide explanations of documents and materials and such other information as the Parent or its representatives may reasonably request in connection with any of the matters described in clause (a) above, and (c) reasonably cooperate in connection with any such matter, and the Parent shall reimburse the TRA Holders for any reasonable and documented third-party costs and expenses incurred pursuant to this Section 6.03.
ARTICLE VII
 MISCELLANEOUS
Section 7.01.    Notices. All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed duly given and received (a) on the date of delivery if delivered personally, or by email upon confirmation of transmission by the sender’s server if sent on a Business Day (or otherwise on the next Business Day) or (b) on the first Business Day following the date of dispatch if delivered by a recognized next-day courier service. All notices hereunder shall be delivered as set forth below or pursuant to such other instructions as may be designated in writing by the party to receive such notice:



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If to the Parent, to:

Ares Management Corporation
    2000 Avenue of the Stars, 12th Floor
    Los Angeles, California 90067    
(T) (310) 201-4100
    Attention: Naseem Sagati Aghili
    Email: list_taxreceivablenotice@aresmgmt.com

with a copy to:

Kirkland & Ellis LLP
2049 Century Park East, Suite 3700
Los Angeles, California 90067
(T) (310) 552-4200
Attention: Michael A. Woronoff
Jonathan Benloulou
Email: michael.woronoff@kirkland.com
jonathan.benloulou@kirkland.com

If to the Parent, any Partnership or AOH, to:
c/o Ares Management Corporation
2000 Avenue of the Stars, 12th Floor
Los Angeles, California 90067
(T) (310) 201-4100
Attention: Naseem Sagati Aghili
Email: list_taxreceivablenotice@aresmgmt.com
with a copy to:

Kirkland & Ellis LLP
2049 Century Park East, Suite 3700
Los Angeles, California 90067
(T) (310) 552-4200
Attention: Michael A. Woronoff
Jonathan Benloulou
Email: michael.woronoff@kirkland.com
jonathan.benloulou@kirkland.com



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If to Alleghany, to:
The address and electronic mail address set forth in the records of the Partnerships.
If to a Limited Partner, to:
The address and electronic mail address set forth in the records of AOH.
Any party may change its address or electronic mail address by giving the other party written notice of such new address in the manner set forth above.
Section 7.02.    Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts (including by facsimile or electronic transmission), all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument.
Section 7.03.    Entire Agreement; No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of each party hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.
Section 7.04.    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be construed and enforced, along with any rights, remedies, or obligations provided for hereunder, in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within the State of Delaware by residents of the State of Delaware; provided, that the enforceability of Section 7.08 shall be governed by the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 1 et seq., and not the laws of the State of Delaware.
Section 7.05.    Severability. Whenever possible, each provision or portion of any provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision or portion of any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision or portion of any provision in such jurisdiction, and this Agreement shall be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision or portion of any provision had never been contained herein, if the economic and legal substance of the arrangements contemplated hereby are not affected in any manner materially adverse to any party hereto. Upon such a determination, the Parent and the Principals shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner that the transactions contemplated hereby shall be consummated as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible.
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Section 7.06.    Successors; Assignment; Amendments; Waivers. No TRA Holder may assign this Agreement to any Person without the prior written consent of the Parent; provided that (i) except with respect to a transfer of Partnership Units (including indirectly through a transfer of AOH Units), to the extent the Partnership Units are effectively transferred by a TRA Holder (including indirectly through a transfer of AOH Units) in accordance with the terms of the relevant Partnership Agreements (or the AOH Partnership Agreement), the transferring TRA Holder shall have the option to assign to the transferee of such Partnership Units (including indirectly through a transfer of AOH Units) the transferring TRA Holder’s rights under this Agreement, as long as such transferee has executed and delivered, or, in connection with such transfer, executes and delivers, a joinder to this Agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Parent, agreeing to become a “TRA Holder” for all purposes of this Agreement, except as otherwise provided in such joinder, and (ii) once an Exchange has occurred, any and all payments that may become payable to a TRA Holder pursuant to this Agreement with respect to such Exchange may be assigned to any Person or Persons, as long as any such Person has executed and delivered, or, in connection with such assignment, executes and delivers, a joinder to this Agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Parent. For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent a Principal or other Person transfers Partnership Units (including indirectly through a transfer of AOH Units) to another Principal, the Principal receiving such Partnership Units (including indirectly through a transfer of AOH Units) shall have all rights under this Agreement with respect to such transferred Partnership Units as such Principal has, under this Agreement, with respect to the other Partnership Units directly or indirectly held by such Principal.
No provision of this Agreement may be amended unless such amendment is approved in writing by the Parent and by the Principals that control, directly or indirectly, at least two-thirds of the Partnership Units held by all Principals; provided that no such amendment shall be effective if such amendment will have a disproportionate adverse effect on the payments certain TRA Holders will or may receive under this Agreement unless all such TRA Holders disproportionately adversely affected consent in writing. No provision of this Agreement may be waived unless such waiver is in writing and signed by the party against whom the waiver is to be effective.
All of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon, shall inure to the benefit of and shall be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective successors, assigns, heirs, executors, administrators and legal representatives. The Parent shall require and cause any direct or indirect successor (whether by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Parent, by written agreement, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Parent would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if a Principal transfers Partnership Units (including indirectly through a transfer of AOH Units), to a Permitted Transferee (as defined in the relevant Partnership Agreements), excluding any other Principal, such Principal shall have the right, on behalf of such transferee, to enforce the provisions of Sections 2.04, 4.02 or 6.01 with respect to such transferred Partnership Units.
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Section 7.07.    Headings. All headings herein are inserted only for convenience and ease of reference and are not to be considered in the construction or interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.
Section 7.08.    Resolution of Disputes. (a) Any and all disputes, claims or controversies arising out of or relating to this Agreement, including any and all disputes, claims or controversies arising out of or relating to (i) the parties to this Agreement, (ii) any party’s rights and obligations hereunder, (iii) the validity or scope of any provision of this Agreement, (iv) whether a particular dispute, claim or controversy is subject to arbitration under this Section 7.08, and (v) the power and authority of any arbitrator selected hereunder, that are not resolved by mutual agreement shall be submitted to final, binding and confidential arbitration in Los Angeles, California, before one arbitrator, conducted by the Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services/Endispute, Inc. (“JAMS”), or its successor. Disputes shall be resolved in accordance with the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§1–16, and JAMS’ Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures then in effect. The arbitrator will have the same, but no greater, remedial authority than would a court of law and shall issue a written decision including the arbitrator’s essential findings and conclusions and a statement of the award. Judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered by any court having jurisdiction thereof. The prevailing party in any such arbitration proceeding, as determined by the arbitrator, or in any proceeding to enforce the arbitration award, will be entitled, to the extent permitted by law, to reimbursement from the other party for all of the prevailing party’s costs (including but not limited to the arbitrator’s compensation), expenses and attorneys’ fees. If no party entirely prevails in such arbitration or proceeding, the arbitrator or court shall apportion an award of such fees based on the relative success of each party. In the event of a conflict between this provision and any provision in the applicable rules of JAMS, the provisions of this Agreement will prevail. The parties to the arbitration shall participate in the arbitration in good faith.
(b)    The provisions of this Section 7.08 may be enforced by any court of competent jurisdiction, and, to the extent permitted by law, the party seeking enforcement shall be entitled to an award of all costs, fees and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, to be paid by the party against whom enforcement is ordered. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, a party to an arbitration pursuant to this Section 7.08 shall be entitled to seek a restraining order or injunction in any court of competent jurisdiction to prevent any violation of the provisions of this Agreement pending a final determination on the merits by the arbitrator, and each party consents that such a restraining order or injunction may be granted without the necessity of posting any bond.
(c)    The details of any arbitration pursuant to this Section 7.08, including the existence and/or outcome of such arbitration and any information obtained in connection with any such arbitration, shall be kept strictly confidential and shall not be disclosed or discussed with any person not a party to the arbitration; provided that such party may make such disclosures as are required by applicable law or legal process; provided further that such party may make such disclosures to its, his or her attorneys, accountants or other agents and representatives who reasonably need to know the disclosed information in connection with any
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arbitration pursuant to this Section 7.08 and who are obligated to keep such information confidential to the same extent as such party. If either party to the arbitration, as the case may be, receives a subpoena or other request for information from a third party that seeks disclosure of any information that is required to be kept confidential pursuant to the prior sentence, or otherwise believes that it, he or she may be required to disclose any such information, such the party to the arbitration, as the case may be, shall (i) promptly notify the other party to the arbitration and (ii) reasonably cooperate with such other party in taking any legal or otherwise appropriate actions, including the seeking of a protective order, to prevent the disclosure, or otherwise protect the confidentiality, of such information.

Section 7.09.    Reconciliation. If the Parent and a Principal are unable to resolve a disagreement with respect to the matters governed by Sections 2.04, 4.02 and 6.02 within the relevant period designated in this Agreement (“Reconciliation Dispute”), the Reconciliation Dispute shall be submitted for determination to a nationally recognized expert (the “Expert”) in the particular area of disagreement mutually acceptable to both parties. The Expert shall be a partner in a nationally recognized accounting firm or a law firm (other than the Advisory Firm), and the Expert shall not, and the firm that employs the Expert shall not, have any material relationship with the Parent, an Affiliate of the Parent or such Principal or other actual or potential conflict of interest. If the parties are unable to agree on an Expert within 15 days of receipt by the respondent(s) of written notice of a Reconciliation Dispute, the Expert shall be appointed by the International Chamber of Commerce Centre for Expertise. The Expert shall resolve any matter relating to the Exchange Basis Schedule or an amendment thereto or the Early Termination Schedule or an amendment thereto within 30 calendar days and shall resolve any matter relating to a Tax Benefit Schedule or an amendment thereto within 15 calendar days or as soon thereafter as is reasonably practicable, in each case after the matter has been submitted to the Expert for resolution. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if the matter is not resolved before any payment that is the subject of a disagreement is due or any Tax Return reflecting the subject of a disagreement is due, such payment shall be made on the date prescribed by this Agreement and such Tax Return may be filed as prepared by the Parent, subject to adjustment or amendment upon resolution. The costs and expenses relating to the engagement of such Expert or amending any Tax Return shall be borne by the Parent; except as provided in the next sentence. The Parent and each Principal shall bear their own costs and expenses of such proceeding, unless the Principal has a prevailing position that is more than 10% of the payment at issue, in which case the Parent shall reimburse such Principal for any reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses in such proceeding. Any dispute as to whether a dispute is a Reconciliation Dispute within the meaning of this Section 7.09 shall be decided by the Expert. The determinations of the Expert pursuant to this Section 7.09 shall be final and binding on the Parent and such Principal and may be entered and enforced in any court having jurisdiction.
Section 7.10.    Withholding. The Parent shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any payment payable pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as the Parent is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Code, or any provision of state, local or foreign tax law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld and paid over to the appropriate Taxing Authority by the Parent, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all
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purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to such TRA Holder. The TRA Holders shall provide the Parent with such withholding and other tax certificates (including all required attachments) as may be reasonably requested from time to time.

Section 7.11.    Affiliated Corporations of the Holdcos; Consolidated Group; Transfers of Corporate Assets.
(a)    Holdcos (other than the Parent) shall provide that all provisions of this Agreement shall correspondingly apply, including the payment of Tax Benefit Payments by any corporation owned directly or indirectly in whole or in part, now or in the future, by such Holdcos, with respect to any Realized Tax Benefit with respect to limited partnership interests in the other Ares Group entities, that are part of the Exchange and in which such corporation owns an interest, under the same terms and conditions as set forth in this Agreement, and such Holdcos shall cause such corporation to execute and deliver a joinder to this Agreement to such effect. If any Holdco (other than the Parent) elects to be treated or is otherwise treated as a corporation for tax purposes (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall include the Parent for this purpose), then the provisions of this Agreement shall apply (w) to such Holdco or such entity as the case may be in the same manner as it applies to the Parent and (x) to each partnership, limited partnership and limited liability company Controlled by any such Holdco as if each such entity were a Partnership; provided that, if any Partnership Units or limited partnership interests in other Ares Group entities were Exchanged prior to an event described in the foregoing clause above or prior to the effectiveness of the Tax Election, then (y) such Exchange shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as having occurred immediately after such event at the Market Value in existence at the time of such prior Exchange, and (z) the entity that is to be treated in the same manner as the Parent shall be required to make, or the Parent shall make on its behalf, the same Tax Benefit Payments pursuant to the terms of this Agreement that it would have been required to make had it been treated in the same manner as the Parent on the date of such Exchange; provided that such Tax Benefit Payments shall be payable only with respect to (I) Reference Assets that are still owned at the time of the event described in the foregoing clause above or prior to the effectiveness of the Tax Election, and (II) taxable years of such entity ending on or after the date of the event described in the foregoing clause above or ending on or after the effectiveness of the Tax Election.
(b)    Each of the parties hereto agree that (i) the Parent is the common parent of an affiliated or consolidated group of corporations that files a consolidated income tax return pursuant to Sections 1501 et seq. of the Code, and (ii) the liability for Taxes of the Parent shall be calculated based on the consolidated net income of such affiliated or consolidated group and the provisions of this Agreement shall be applied with respect to such group as a whole and Tax Benefit Payments shall be computed with reference to the consolidated taxable income of such group as a whole, including with respect to any Holdco that elects to be treated or is otherwise treated as a corporation for tax purposes that becomes a member of such group.
(c)    If any entity that is obligated to make an Exchange Payment hereunder transfers one or more assets to a corporation with which such entity does not file a
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consolidated tax return pursuant to Section 1501 of the Code or any corresponding provisions of state, local or foreign law, such entity, for purposes of calculating the amount of any Exchange Payment (e.g., calculating the gross income of the entity and determining the Realized Tax Benefit of such entity) due hereunder, shall be treated as having disposed of such asset in a fully taxable transaction on the date of such contribution. The consideration deemed to be received by such entity shall be equal to the fair market value of the contributed asset, plus (i) the amount of debt to which such asset is subject, in the case of a contribution of an encumbered asset or (ii) the amount of debt allocated to such asset, in the case of a contribution of a partnership interest.

Section 7.12.    Partnerships. The Parent agrees that, to the extent it acquires a general partnership interest, managing member interest or similar interest in any Person after the Effective Date, it shall cause such Person to execute and deliver a joinder to this Agreement and become a “Partnership” for all purposes of this Agreement.
Section 7.13.    Conclusive Nature of Calculations. All determinations, interpretations, calculations, adjustments and other actions of the Parent or any Partnership or a designee of any of the foregoing that are within such Person’s authority hereunder (including in connection with the preparation of any Schedule) shall be made in good faith by such Person and shall be binding and conclusive absent manifest error. In connection with any such determination, interpretation, calculation, adjustment or other action, the Parent or any Partnership or the designee of any of the foregoing shall be entitled to resolve any ambiguity with respect to the manner in which such determination, interpretation, calculation, adjustment or other action is to be made or taken, and shall be entitled to interpret the provisions of this Agreement, in such a manner as it determines to be fair and equitable, and such resolution or interpretation shall be binding and conclusive absent manifest error.
[Signatures on following pages]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.
Ares Management Corporation
By:
/s/ Naseem Sagati Aghili
Name:
Naseem Sagati Aghili
Title: Authorized Signatory










Ares Holdings L.P
By:
Ares Holdco LLC, its general partner
By:
/s/ Naseem Sagati Aghili
Name:
Naseem Sagati Aghili
Title: Authorized Signatory
Ares Owners Holdings L.P.
By:
Ares Partners Holdco LLC, its general partner
By:
/s/ Naseem Sagati Aghili
Name:
Naseem Sagati Aghili
Title: Authorized Signatory











Each Limited Partner set forth on Schedule A hereto:
By:
/s/ Naseem Sagati Aghili
Name:
Naseem Sagati Aghili
Title: Attorney-in-fact


Exhibit 10.5
INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
This INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is dated as of ___________ among Ares Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), Ares Management GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Ares GP”), and Ares Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Ares Holdings” and, together with the Company and Ares GP, the “Indemnitors”), and the indemnitee named on the signature pages hereto (“Indemnitee”).
WHEREAS, at the request of the Company, Indemnitee has been asked to serve as a director or an officer of the Company or in another capacity with the Company, any of the other Indemnitors or any of their respective affiliates, including as a director, officer, employee or agent, and may, therefore, be subjected to claims, suits or proceedings arising as a result of his or her services to and activities on behalf of the Indemnitors and their subsidiaries and affiliates;
WHEREAS, as an inducement to Indemnitee to serve in such capacity(ies), the Indemnitors have agreed to indemnify and to advance expenses and costs incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any such claims, suits or proceedings, to the maximum extent permitted by law; and WHEREAS, the parties by this Agreement desire to set forth their agreement regarding indemnification and the advancement of expenses.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants contained herein, the parties do hereby covenant and agree as follows:
Section 1.    Indemnification.
To the fullest extent (whether partial or complete) permitted by applicable law, including Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (as it may be amended, the “DGCL”), Section 18-108 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (as it may be amended, the “DLLCA”), Section 17-108 of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (as it may be amended, the “DRULPA”) and the Exempted Limited Partnership Law (2013 Revision) of the Cayman Islands:
(a)    The Indemnitors shall, jointly and severally, indemnify, defend, protect and hold harmless Indemnitee if Indemnitee was or is made or is threatened to be made a party to, or is otherwise involved in, as a witness or otherwise, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding (brought by or in the right of any of the Indemnitors or otherwise), including any appeal therefrom, (i) by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was or has agreed to serve as, or has been appointed as, a director, officer, employee or agent (which, for purposes of this Agreement, shall include a trustee, fiduciary, attorney, advisor, consultant, member, shareholder, representative, partner or manager or similar capacity) of any of the Indemnitors or their affiliates, in each case whether prior to, on or subsequent to the date of this Agreement, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted to be taken by Indemnitee in such capacity, whether prior to, on or subsequent to the date of this Agreement, or (ii) by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of, or is or was or has been appointed by, any Indemnitor or any of their affiliates as a director, officer, employee or
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agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other enterprise or entity (each such entity, a “Primary Obligor”), in each case whether prior to, on or subsequent to the date of this Agreement, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted to be taken by Indemnitee in such capacity. The indemnification of an Indemnitee of the type identified in clause (i) of this Section 1(a) shall, to the extent not in conflict with such policy, be secondary to any and all payment to which such person is entitled from any relevant insurance policy issued to or for the benefit of any Indemnitor or Indemnitee. The indemnification of an Indemnitee of the type identified in clause (ii) of this Section 1(a) shall be secondary to any and all indemnification to which such person is entitled from (x) the relevant Primary Obligor (including any payment made to such person under any insurance policy issued to or for the benefit of such Primary Obligor or the Indemnitee), and (y) the relevant Fund (if applicable) (including any payment made to such person under any insurance policy issued to or for the benefit of such Fund or the Indemnitee) (clauses (x) and (y) together, the “Primary Indemnification”), and will only be paid to the extent the Primary Indemnification is not paid or does not provide coverage (e.g., a self-insured retention amount under an insurance policy). No such Primary Obligor or Fund shall be entitled to contribution or indemnification from or subrogation against the Indemnitors. If, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Indemnitors make an indemnification payment or advance expenses to such an Indemnitee, the Indemnitors shall be subrogated to the rights of such Indemnitee against the relevant Primary Obligor or Fund (if applicable) or under any insurance policy issued to or for the benefit of such Indemnitor, Primary Obligor, Fund or the Indemnitee; provided that the foregoing shall not in and of itself extinguish any unpaid or unsatisfied rights Indemnitee has against any third party or any Indemnitor.
(b)    The indemnification provided by this Section 1 shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, demands, deficiencies, liabilities, costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, penalties, interest and amounts paid in settlement or otherwise, including associated tax liabilities in respect of any of the foregoing (collectively “Losses”), in connection with, arising out of or related to any such action, suit or proceeding, including any appeals.
Section 2.    Advance Payment of Expenses. To the fullest extent (whether partial or complete) permitted by applicable law, including Section 145 of the DGCL, Section 18-108 of the DLLCA, Section 17-108 of the DRULPA and Cayman Islands law, expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by Indemnitee in appearing at, participating in or defending any action, suit or proceeding or in connection with an enforcement action as contemplated by Section 3(e), shall be paid by the Indemnitors in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding within 60 days after receipt by the Indemnitors of a statement or statements from Indemnitee requesting such advance or advances from time to time (which shall include invoices received by the Indemnitee in connection with such expenses, but in the case of invoices for legal services, any references to legal work performed or to expenditures made that would cause Indemnitee to waive any privilege accorded by applicable law or court rules may be omitted), whether prior to or after final disposition of any action, suit or proceeding. The Indemnitee hereby undertakes to repay any amounts advanced (without interest) to the extent that it is ultimately determined that Indemnitee is not entitled under this Agreement to be indemnified by
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the Indemnitors in respect thereof, it being understood that Indemnitee may make any such payment in cash, through the delivery of equity interests in any of the Indemnitors or their affiliates (valued at fair value at the time of such delivery), or any combination thereof. Such undertaking shall be unsecured and accepted without reference to the financial ability of the Indemnitee to make repayment and without regard to Indemnitee’s ultimate entitlement to indemnification under the other provisions of this Agreement. No other form of undertaking shall be required of Indemnitee other than the execution of this Agreement. This Section 2 shall be subject to Section 3(b) and shall not apply to any claim made by Indemnitee for which indemnity is excluded pursuant to Section 6(a).
Section 3.    Procedure for Indemnification; Notification and Defense of Claim.
(a)    
(i)    Indemnitee shall notify the Indemnitors in writing of any matter with respect to which Indemnitee intends to seek indemnification or advancement hereunder as soon as reasonably practicable following receipt by Indemnitee of written notice thereof or Indemnitee’s otherwise becoming aware thereof. The written notification to Indemnitors shall include a description of the nature of the action, suit or proceeding and the facts underlying such action, suit or proceeding, in each case to the extent known by Indemnitee. The failure to promptly notify the Indemnitors of the commencement of the action, suit or proceeding, or of Indemnitee’s request for indemnification, will not relieve the Indemnitors from any liability that they may have to Indemnitee hereunder, except to the extent the Indemnitors are actually and materially prejudiced in their defense of such action, suit or proceeding as a result of such failure.
(ii)    To obtain indemnification under this Agreement, Indemnitee shall submit to the Indemnitors a written request therefor including such documentation and information as is reasonably available to or known by Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to enable the Indemnitors to determine whether and to what extent Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder.
(b)    With respect to any action, suit or proceeding of which the Indemnitors are so notified as provided in this Agreement, the Indemnitors shall, subject to the last two sentences of this paragraph, be entitled to assume the defense of such action, suit or proceeding, with counsel reasonably acceptable to Indemnitee, upon the delivery to Indemnitee of written notice of their election to do so. After delivery of such notice, approval of such counsel by Indemnitee and the retention of such counsel by the Indemnitors, the Indemnitors will not be liable to Indemnitee under this Agreement for any subsequently-incurred fees of separate counsel engaged by Indemnitee with respect to the same action, suit or proceeding unless the employment of separate counsel by Indemnitee has been previously authorized in writing by the Indemnitors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Indemnitee, based on the advice of his or her counsel, shall have reasonably concluded (with written notice being given to the Indemnitors setting forth the basis for such conclusion) that, in the conduct of any such defense, there is or is reasonably likely to be a conflict of interest or position between the Indemnitors and Indemnitee with respect to a significant issue, then the Indemnitors will not be entitled, without the written consent of
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Indemnitee, to assume such defense. In addition, the Indemnitors will not be entitled, without the written consent of Indemnitee, to assume the defense of any claim brought by or in the right of any of the Indemnitors.
(c)    To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, including Section 145 of the DGCL, Section 18-108 of the DLLCA, Section 17-108 of the DRULPA and Cayman Islands law, the Indemnitors’ assumption of the defense of an action, suit or proceeding in accordance with paragraph 3(b) will constitute an irrevocable acknowledgement by the Indemnitors that any and all Losses in respect of any of the foregoing, including any appeals therefrom, are indemnifiable by the Indemnitors under Section 1 of this Agreement (including, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that the Indemnitee has met all applicable standards of conduct).
(d)    The determination whether to grant Indemnitee’s indemnification request shall be made in accordance with applicable law and shall be made promptly and in any event within 60 days following the Indemnitors’ receipt of a request for indemnification in accordance with Section 3(a)(ii). If the Indemnitors determine that Indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification or, as contemplated by paragraph 3(c) the Indemnitors have acknowledged such entitlement, the Indemnitors will make payment to Indemnitee of the indemnifiable amount within 10 days after making such determination. If the Indemnitors are not deemed to have so acknowledged such entitlement or the Indemnitors’ determination of whether to grant Indemnitee’s indemnification request shall not have been made within such 60 day period, the requisite determination of entitlement to indemnification shall, subject to Section 6, nonetheless be deemed to have been made and Indemnitee shall be entitled to such indemnification, absent (i) a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitee’s statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification, or (ii) a prohibition of such indemnification under applicable law.
(e)    
(i)    In the event that (1) the Indemnitors determine in accordance with this Section 3 that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (2) the Indemnitors deny a request for indemnification, in whole or in part, or fail to respond or make a determination of entitlement to indemnification within 60 days following receipt of a request for indemnification as described above, (3) payment of indemnification is not made within 10 days after a determination has been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, (4) advancement of expenses is not timely made in accordance with Section 2, or (5) the Indemnitors or any other person takes or threatens to take any action to declare this Agreement void or unenforceable, or institutes any litigation or other action or proceeding designed to deny, or to recover from, the Indemnitee the benefits provided or intended to be provided to Indemnitee hereunder, Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication in any court of competent jurisdiction of his or her entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of expenses.
(ii)    Alternatively, Indemnitee, at Indemnitee’s option, may seek an award in arbitration in Los Angeles, California, before one arbitrator, conducted by the Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services/Endispute, Inc. (“JAMS”), or its successor. Disputes
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shall be resolved in accordance with the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§1–16, and JAMS’ Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures then in effect. The arbitrator will have the same, but no greater, remedial authority than would a court of law and shall issue a written decision including the arbitrator’s essential findings and conclusions and a statement of the award. Judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered by any court having jurisdiction thereof. Indemnitee shall commence a proceeding seeking an adjudication or an award in arbitration within 180 days following the date on which Indemnitee first has the right to commence such proceeding pursuant to this Section 3(e); provided, however, that the foregoing clause shall not apply to a proceeding brought by Indemnitee to enforce his or her rights under Section 3(g).
(iii)    Indemnitee’s expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred in connection with determining Indemnitee’s right to indemnification or advancement of expenses, in whole or in part, in any such proceeding or arbitration or otherwise shall also be indemnified by the Indemnitors to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law (whether such efforts are successful or unsuccessful).
(f)    Indemnitee shall be presumed to be entitled to indemnification and advancement of expenses under this Agreement upon submission of a request therefor in accordance with Section 2 or Section 3 of this Agreement, as the case may be. The Indemnitors shall have the burden of proof in overcoming such presumption, and such presumption shall be used as a basis for a determination of entitlement to indemnification and advancement of expenses unless the Indemnitors overcome such presumption by clear and convincing evidence. No determination by the Indemnitors (including by directors or any independent counsel) that the Indemnitee has not satisfied any applicable standard of conduct shall be a defense to any claim by the Indemnitee for indemnification or reimbursement or advance payment of expenses by the Indemnitors hereunder or create a presumption that the Indemnitee has not met any applicable standard of conduct. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nobo contendere or its equivalent shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the Indemnitee acted in bad faith or with criminal intent.
(g)    If Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Indemnitors for some portion of his or her Losses but not the total amount thereof, the Indemnitors shall nevertheless indemnify Indemnitee for the portion thereof to which Indemnitee is entitled.
Section 4.    Insurance and Subrogation.
(a)    The Indemnitors may purchase or otherwise obtain coverage under a policy or policies of insurance, providing Indemnitee with coverage, subject to the terms and conditions of such policy or policies, for any liability asserted against, and incurred by, Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was or has agreed to serve as, or is or was or has been appointed as, a director, officer, employee or agent of any of the Indemnitors or their affiliates, or is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of an Indemnitor or its affiliates as a director, officer, employee or agent of, or is or was or has agreed to otherwise be associated with, any Primary Obligor or arising out of Indemnitee’s status as such, whether or
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not the Indemnitors would have the power to indemnify Indemnitee against such liability under the provisions of this Agreement. If the Indemnitors have such insurance in effect at the time the Indemnitors receive from Indemnitee any notice of any matter with respect to which Indemnitee intends to seek indemnification or advancement hereunder, the Indemnitors shall give prompt notice thereof to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the policy or policies. The Indemnitors shall thereafter take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policy or policies.
(b)    In the event of any payment by the Indemnitors under this Agreement the Indemnitors shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee with respect to any insurance policy; provided that the foregoing shall not in and of itself extinguish any unpaid or unsatisfied rights Indemnitee has against any third party or any Indemnitor. Indemnitee shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, in each case reasonably requested by the Indemnitors, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Indemnitors to bring suit to enforce such rights in accordance with the terms of such insurance policy. The Indemnitors shall, jointly and severally, pay or reimburse all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such subrogation.
(c)    The Indemnitors shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder (including, but not limited to, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement, and excise taxes with respect to an employee benefit plan or penalties) if and to the extent that Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under this Agreement or any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.
Section 5.    Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions shall apply:
(a)    The term “action, suit or proceeding” shall be broadly construed and shall include the investigation (formal or informal), preparation, prosecution, defense, settlement, arbitration, mediation and appeal of, and the giving of testimony in, any threatened, pending or completed investigation, inquiry, audit, claim, action, suit, arbitration, alternative dispute resolution mechanism, hearing or other proceeding or claim of any kind, whether civil, criminal, administrative, regulatory, legislative, investigative or otherwise, and whether or not formal or informal.
(b)    The term “by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was or has agreed to serve as a director, officer, employee or agent of an Indemnitor, or while serving as a director or officer of Indemnitor, is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of an Indemnitor as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise or entity” (or any words of similar effect) shall be broadly construed and shall include any actual or alleged act or omission to act. The Indemnitors hereby agree that any service, act or omission by Indemnitee respecting the investing activities of one or more Indemnitors or one or more Funds
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or their respective affiliates is at the request and direction of and on behalf of one or more of the Indemnitors or one or more of the Funds or their respective affiliates.
(c)    The term “expenses” shall be broadly construed and shall include all direct and indirect costs of any type or nature whatsoever (including all attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, fees of experts and other professionals, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, facsimile transmission charges, secretarial services, any federal, state, local or foreign taxes imposed on Indemnitee as a result of actual or deemed receipt of any payments under this Agreement, appeal bonds, all other disbursements and other out-of-pocket costs of the types customarily incurred in connection with, or as a result of, prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a deponent or a witness, or otherwise participating in any action, suit or proceeding and reasonable compensation for time spent by Indemnitee for which Indemnitee is not otherwise compensated by the Indemnitors or any third party), actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with either the investigation, defense or appeal of an action, suit or proceeding or establishing or enforcing a right to indemnification under this Agreement or otherwise incurred in connection with a claim that is indemnifiable hereunder.
(d)    “Fund” shall mean any fund, investment vehicle or account whose investments are managed or advised by an Indemnitor or any of its affiliates.
(e)    The term “judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement” shall be broadly construed and shall include all direct and indirect payments of any type or nature whatsoever (including all penalties and amounts required to be forfeited or reimbursed to the Indemnitors), as well as any penalties or excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan.
Section 6.    Limitation on Indemnification. Notwithstanding any other provision herein to the contrary, the Indemnitors shall not be obligated pursuant to this Agreement:
(a)    Claims Initiated by Indemnitee. To indemnify or advance expenses to Indemnitee with respect to any action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by Indemnitee, except with respect to any compulsory counterclaim brought by Indemnitee or an action, suit or proceeding brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification, advancement of expenses or contribution under this Agreement (which shall be governed by the provisions of Section 12 of this Agreement), unless such action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or consented to by the member, or board of directors, of the Company.
(b)    Section 16(b) Matters. To indemnify Indemnitee on account of any action, suit or proceeding in which Indemnitee agrees to or is liable for disgorgement of profits made from the purchase or sale by Indemnitee of securities pursuant to the provisions of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
(c)    Bad Faith or Criminal Intent. To indemnify Indemnitee on account of conduct by Indemnitee where such conduct has been determined by a final (not interlocutory) judgment or other adjudication of a court or arbitrator or administrative body of competent jurisdiction as to
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which there is no further right or option of appeal or the time within which an appeal must be filed has expired without such filing to have been in bad faith or with criminal intent.
Section 7.    Certain Settlement Provisions. The Indemnitors shall have no obligation to indemnify Indemnitee under this Agreement for any amounts paid in settlement of any action, suit or proceeding without the Indemnitors’ prior written consent. The Indemnitors shall not settle any action, suit or proceeding in any manner that would impose any fine or other obligation on Indemnitee without Indemnitee’s prior written consent. Neither the Indemnitors nor Indemnitee will unreasonably withhold his, her, its or their consent to any proposed settlement.
Section 8.    Savings Clause. If any provision or provisions (or portion thereof) of this Agreement shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Indemnitors shall nevertheless indemnify, defend, protect and hold harmless Indemnitee if Indemnitee was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding (brought by or in the right of any of the Indemnitors or otherwise), including appeals therefrom, (i) by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was or has agreed to serve as, or has been appointed as, a director, officer, employee or agent of any of the Indemnitors or their affiliates, in each case whether prior to, on or subsequent to the date of this Agreement, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted to be taken by Indemnitee in such capacity, whether prior to, on or subsequent to the date of this Agreement, or (ii) by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of, or is or was or has been appointed by, any Indemnitor or any of their affiliates as a director, officer, employee or agent of a Primary Obligor, in each case whether prior to, on or subsequent to the date of this Agreement, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted to be taken by Indemnitee in such capacity from and against any and all Losses in connection with, arising out of or related to such action, suit or proceeding, including any appeals, to the fullest extent (whether partial or complete) permitted by applicable law.
Section 9.    Contribution. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for herein is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unavailable to Indemnitee in whole or in part, it is agreed that, in such event, the Indemnitors shall, to the fullest extent (whether partial or complete) permitted by applicable law, contribute to the payment of all of Indemnitee’s Losses in connection with, arising out of or related to any action, suit or proceeding, including any appeals, in an amount that is just and equitable in the circumstances; provided, that, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such contribution shall not be required where such holding by the court is due to any limitation on indemnification set forth in Section 6 or 7 hereof.
Section 10.    Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if (a) delivered by hand or overnight courier service and receipted for by the party to whom said notice, request, demand or other communication shall have been directed, on the day of such delivery, or (b) mailed by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date on which it is so mailed:
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(i)    If to Indemnitee, to the address set forth on the signature page hereto.
(ii)    If to any Indemnitor, to:
c/o Ares Management Corporation
2000 Avenue of the Stars, 12th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90067
Attn: General Counsel

or to such other address as may have been furnished in writing to Indemnitee by the Company or to the Company by Indemnitee, as the case may be.
Section 11.    Nonexclusivity. The provisions for indemnification, advancement of expenses and contribution set forth in this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of, a substitute for or in abrogation of any other rights which Indemnitee may have under any provision of law, in any court in which a proceeding is brought, the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, certificate of limited partnership, partnership agreement, certificate of formation, limited liability company agreement, or comparable organizational documents of the Indemnitors, other agreements or otherwise, and Indemnitee’s rights hereunder shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of Indemnitee. No amendment or alteration of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, certificate of limited partnership, partnership agreement, certificate of formation, limited liability company agreement, or comparable organizational documents of the Indemnitors or any other agreement shall adversely affect the rights provided to Indemnitee under this Agreement.
Section 12.    Enforcement. The Indemnitors shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding that the procedures and presumptions of this Agreement are not valid, binding and enforceable. Each of the Indemnitors agrees that its execution of this Agreement shall constitute a stipulation by which it shall be irrevocably bound in any court of competent jurisdiction in which a proceeding by Indemnitee for enforcement of his rights hereunder shall have been commenced, continued or appealed, that its obligations set forth in this Agreement are unique and special, and that failure of the Indemnitors to comply with the provisions of this Agreement will cause irreparable and irremediable injury to Indemnitee, for which a remedy at law will be inadequate. As a result, in addition to any other right or remedy Indemnitee may have at law or in equity with respect to breach of this Agreement, Indemnitee shall be entitled to injunctive or mandatory relief directing specific performance by the Indemnitors of their respective obligations under this Agreement.
Section 13.    No Construction as Employment Agreement. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as giving Indemnitee any right to be retained as a director or officer of the Company or in the employ of the Indemnitors. For the avoidance of doubt, the indemnification, advancement of expenses and contribution provided under this Agreement shall continue as to the Indemnitee even though he may have ceased for any reason whatsoever to be a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, any other Indemnitor or any Primary Obligor, as the case may be.
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Section 14.    Interpretation of Agreement. It is understood that the parties hereto intend this Agreement to be interpreted and enforced so as to provide indemnification to Indemnitee to the fullest extent now or hereafter permitted by applicable law. In the event of any change in applicable law, statute or rule which narrows the right of Indemnitee to indemnification, advancement of expenses or contribution from an Indemnitor hereunder, such change, to the extent not otherwise required by such law, shall have no effect on this Agreement and the rights and obligations hereunder.
Section 15.    Entire Agreement. Subject to Section 11, this Agreement and the documents expressly referred to herein constitute the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the matters covered hereby, and any other prior or contemporaneous oral or written understandings or agreements with respect to the matters covered hereby are expressly superseded by this Agreement.
Section 16.    Modification and Waiver. No supplement, modification, waiver or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provision hereof (whether or not similar) nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver. For the avoidance of doubt, this Agreement may not be terminated by the Indemnitors without Indemnitee’s prior written consent.
Section 17.    Successor and Assigns. All of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon, shall inure to the benefit of and shall be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective successors, assigns, heirs, executors, administrators and legal representatives. Each of the Indemnitors shall require and cause any direct or indirect successor (whether by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business or assets of such Indemnitor, by written agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Indemnitee, to expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the such Indemnitor would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.
Section 18.    Service of Process and Venue. Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (a) agrees that any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement may be brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware Court”), (b) consents to submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Court for purposes of any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, (c) appoints, to the extent such Indemnitor is not otherwise subject to service of process in the State of Delaware, irrevocably Corporation Service Company, 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19808 as its agent in the State of Delaware for acceptance of legal process in connection with any such action or proceeding against such Indemnitor with the same legal force and validity as if served upon such Indemnitor personally within the State of Delaware, (d) waives any objection to the laying of venue of any such action or proceeding in the Delaware Court, and (e) waives, and agrees not to plead or to make, any claim that any such action or proceeding brought in the Delaware Court has been brought in an improper or inconvenient forum.
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Section 19.    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of laws rules. If a court of competent jurisdiction shall make a final determination that the provisions of the law of any state other than Delaware govern indemnification by the Indemnitors of Indemnitee, then the indemnification provided under this Agreement shall in all instances be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted under such law, notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary.
Section 20.    Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed and delivered in one or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. One such counterpart signed by the party against whom enforceability is sought shall be sufficient to evidence the existence of this Agreement.
Section 21.    Interpretation.
(a)    Unless a clear contrary intention appears: (i) the defined terms herein shall apply equally to both the singular and plural forms of such terms; (ii) reference to any person includes such person’s successors and assigns but, if applicable, only if such successors and assigns are not prohibited by this Agreement, and reference to a person in a particular capacity excludes such person in any other capacity or individually; (iii) any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms; (iv) reference to any agreement, document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended or modified and in effect from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof; (v) reference to any law, rule or regulation means such law, rule or regulation as amended, modified, codified, replaced or reenacted, in whole or in part, and in effect from time to time, including rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and reference to any section or other provision of any law, rule or regulation means that provision of such law, rule or regulation from time to time in effect and constituting the substantive amendment, modification, codification, replacement or reenactment of such section or other provision; (vi) “hereunder,” “hereof,” “hereto,” and words of similar import shall be deemed references to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular article, section or other provision hereof; (vii) numbered or lettered articles, sections and subsections herein contained refer to articles, sections and subsections of this Agreement; (viii) “including” (and with correlative meaning “include”) means including without limiting the generality of any description preceding such term; (ix) “or” is used in the inclusive sense of “and/or”; (x) references to documents, instruments or agreements shall be deemed to refer as well to all addenda, exhibits, schedules or amendments thereto; and (xi) reference to dollars or $ shall be deemed to refer to U.S. dollars.
(b)    All headings herein are inserted only for convenience and ease of reference and are not to be considered in the construction or interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.
[Signature Pages Follow]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

ARES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
By:
Name:
Title: Authorized Signatory
ARES MANAGEMENT GP LLC
By:
Name:
Title: Authorized Signatory
ARES HOLDINGS LP.,
By: ARES HOLDCO LLC, its General Partner
By: ARES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, its sole member
By:
Name:
Title: Authorized Signatory


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INDEMNITEE
Name:
Address:
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Exhibit 31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer
of Periodic Report Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d- 14(a)

I, Michael J Arougheti, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ares Management Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 6, 2021


/s/ Michael J Arougheti
Name: Michael J Arougheti
Title: Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer & President (Principal Executive Officer)




Exhibit 31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer
of Periodic Report Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)

I, Michael R. McFerran, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ares Management Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 6, 2021


/s/ Michael R. McFerran
Name: Michael R. McFerran
Title: Chief Operating Officer & Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 




Exhibit 32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ares Management Corporation (the “Company”) for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Michael J Arougheti, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Michael R. McFerran, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 6, 2021

/s/ Michael J Arougheti
Name: Michael J Arougheti
Title: Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer & President (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Michael R. McFerran
Name: Michael R. McFerran
Title: Chief Operating Officer & Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 
 
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Ares Management Corporation and will be retained by Ares Management Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.