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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 001-39668
Archer Aviation Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware85-2730902
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

190 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(650) 272-3233
Registrant's telephone number, including area code
N/A
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
ACHR
New York Stock Exchange
Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share
ACHR WS
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☐
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☒
Smaller reporting company
☒
Emerging growth company
☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of November 4, 2022, the number of shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding was 177,686,334, and the number of shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding was 65,608,461.

Table of Contents
Archer Aviation Inc.
For 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2022

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Page
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Table of Contents
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”) contains forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of present or historical fact included or incorporated by reference, in this Quarterly Report regarding our future financial performance, as well as our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this Quarterly Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” “would,” the negative of such terms and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and current expectations, assumptions, hopes, beliefs, intentions and strategies regarding future events. Accordingly, forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report and in any document incorporated herein by reference should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include those described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 14, 2022 (the “Annual Report”) and in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 12, 2022 (the “Q1 2022 10-Q”), which are restated under “Risk Factors” in our Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1 filed with the SEC on July 1, 2022. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in the Annual Report, the Q1 2022 10-Q, and in other documents we file from time to time with the SEC that disclose risks and uncertainties that may affect our business. Moreover, new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the future events and circumstances discussed in this Quarterly Report and the Annual Report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

As used herein, “Archer,” “the Company,” “Registrant,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and similar terms include Archer Aviation Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

“Archer” and our other registered and common law trade names and trademarks of ours appearing in this Quarterly Report are our property. This Quarterly Report contains additional trade names and trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply an endorsement or sponsorship of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies.
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Table of Contents
Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets
(In millions, except share and per share data; unaudited)
September 30,
2022		December 31,
2021
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents$112.5 $746.6 
Restricted cash2.9 0.3 
Short-term investments488.1 — 
Prepaid expenses10.8 7.6 
Other current assets1.0 0.3 
Total current assets615.3 754.8 
Property and equipment, net9.9 5.9 
Intangible assets, net0.4 0.5 
Right-of-use assets11.1 4.5 
Other long-term assets0.9 2.7 
Total assets$637.6 $768.4 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable$5.2 $3.4 
Current portion of lease liabilities4.1 3.1 
Current portion of notes payable9.4 9.5 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities25.1 12.3 
Total current liabilities43.8 28.3 
Notes payable, net of current portion2.3 9.3 
Lease liabilities, net of current portion7.6 1.2 
Warrant liabilities15.5 30.3 
Other long-term liabilities11.2 0.4 
Total liabilities80.4 69.5 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021
— — 
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 700,000,000 shares authorized; 173,811,665 and 162,789,591 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
— — 
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 64,780,006 and 74,937,945 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
— — 
Additional paid-in capital1,153.9 1,072.5 
Accumulated deficit(595.5)(373.6)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(1.2)— 
Total stockholders’ equity557.2 698.9 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$637.6 $768.4 
See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.
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Table of Contents
Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations
(In millions, except share and per share data; unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Operating expenses
Research and development$47.0 $23.1 $112.3 $44.6 
General and administrative40.8 114.1 121.0 143.1 
Other warrant expense6.0 39.1 6.0 117.3 
Total operating expenses93.8 176.3 239.3 305.0 
Loss from operations(93.8)(176.3)(239.3)(305.0)
Gain on forgiveness of PPP loan— — — 0.9 
Other income, net1.3 0.1 15.8 0.1 
Interest income (expense), net1.5 (0.5)1.6 (0.5)
Loss before income taxes(91.0)(176.7)(221.9)(304.5)
Net loss$(91.0)$(176.7)$(221.9)$(304.5)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.38)$(2.00)$(0.93)$(4.50)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted240,252,605 88,443,192 239,374,195 67,693,754 
See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.
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Table of Contents
Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(In millions; unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Net loss$(91.0)$(176.7)$(221.9)$(304.5)
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax(1.2)— (1.2)— 
Comprehensive loss$(92.2)$(176.7)$(223.1)$(304.5)
See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.
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Table of Contents
Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In millions, except share data; unaudited)
Common StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Class AClass B
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance as of December 31, 2021162,789,591 $— 74,937,945 $— $1,072.5 $(373.6)$— $698.9 
Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock1,757,980 — (1,757,980)— — — — — 
Issuance of restricted stock and restricted stock expense300,014 — — — 16.0 — — 16.0 
Exercise of stock options353,640 — 399,621 — 0.1 — — 0.1 
Issuance of warrants and warrant expense— — — — 1.2 — — 1.2 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 6.7 — — 6.7 
Net loss— — — — — (59.2)— (59.2)
Balance as of March 31, 2022165,201,225 — 73,579,586 — 1,096.5 (432.8)— 663.7 
Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock4,190,561 — (4,190,561)— — — — — 
Issuance of restricted stock and restricted stock expense992,006 — — — 17.9 — — 17.9 
Exercise of stock options341,987 — 1,342,726 — 0.2 — — 0.2 
Issuance of warrants and warrant expense— — — — 1.6 — — 1.6 
Cancellation of Class B common stock (Note 9)— — (5,002,306)— — — — — 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 6.5 — — 6.5 
Net loss— — — — — (71.7)— (71.7)
Balance as of June 30, 2022170,725,779 — 65,729,445 — 1,122.7 (504.5)— 618.2 
Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock1,182,629 — (1,182,629)— — — — — 
Issuance of restricted stock and restricted stock expense1,568,279 — — — 18.4 — — 18.4 
Exercise of stock options334,978 — 233,190 — 0.1 — — 0.1 
Issuance of warrants and warrant expense— — — — 6.4 — — 6.4 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 6.3 — — 6.3 
Net loss— — — — — (91.0)— (91.0)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — (1.2)(1.2)
Balance as of September 30, 2022173,811,665 $— 64,780,006 $— $1,153.9 $(595.5)$(1.2)$557.2 
See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In millions, except share data; unaudited)
Common StockAdditional Paid-in Capital
Class AClass B
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance as of December 31, 202049,828,517 $— 66,714,287 $— $61.7 $(25.8)$35.9 
Exercise of stock options147,319 — 525,044 — — — — 
Issuance of warrants— — — — 78.2 — 78.2 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 0.9 — 0.9 
Net loss— — — — — (94.9)(94.9)
Balance as of March 31, 202149,975,836 — 67,239,331 — 140.8 (120.7)20.1 
Exercise of stock options147,318 — 94,005 — — — — 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 1.0 — 1.0 
Net loss— — — — — (32.9)(32.9)
Balance as of June 30, 202150,123,154 — 67,333,336 — 141.8 (153.6)(11.8)
Issuance of restricted stock— — 10,004,612 — 101.7 — 101.7 
Exercise of stock options147,320 — 2,538,077 — 0.4 — 0.4 
Issuance of warrants— — — — 44.8 — 44.8 
Exercise of warrants8,845,058 — — — 0.1 — 0.1 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 1.1 — 1.1 
Issuance of Class A common stock pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement36,385,693 — — — 162.3 — 162.3 
PIPE financing61,512,500 — — — 600.0 — 600.0 
Net loss— — — — — (176.7)(176.7)
Balance as of September 30, 2021157,013,725 $— 79,876,025 $— $1,052.2 $(330.3)$721.9 
See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions; unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss$(221.9)$(304.5)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and other2.7 0.8 
Debt discount and issuance cost amortization0.4 0.1 
Stock-based compensation76.3 104.7 
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities and other warrant costs(14.4)0.1 
Non-cash lease expense3.2 1.0 
Research and development warrant expense2.9 5.7 
Other warrant expense6.0 117.3 
Interest income on short-term investments(0.3)— 
Accretion and amortization income of short-term investments(1.4)— 
Gain on forgiveness of PPP loan— (0.9)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses(3.2)(0.3)
Other current assets(0.5)(0.4)
Other long-term assets1.8 (0.5)
Accounts payable1.5 16.9 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities5.9 1.5 
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, net(2.5)(1.0)
Other long-term liabilities10.3 — 
Net cash used in operating activities(133.2)(59.5)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of short-term investments(487.6)— 
Purchase of property and equipment(3.6)(3.0)
Net cash used in investing activities(491.2)(3.0)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of debt— 20.0 
Repayment of long-term debt(7.5)— 
Proceeds from PIPE financing— 600.0 
Recapitalization transaction— 257.6 
Recapitalization transaction costs— (55.8)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options0.4 0.4 
Proceeds from exercise of stock warrants— 0.1 
Payment of debt issuance costs— (0.2)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(7.1)822.1 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(631.5)759.6 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period746.9 36.6 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period$115.4 $796.2 
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest$1.2 $0.3 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses$3.2 $0.4 
Allocation of debt proceeds to stock warrants$— $1.2 
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with the reverse recapitalization$— $61.5 
PIPE financing issuance costs settled with the issuance of Class A common stock$— $7.0 
Recapitalization transaction costs settled with the issuance of Class A common stock$— $8.1 
See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 - Organization and Nature of Business
Organization and Nature of Business

Archer Aviation Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”), a Delaware corporation, with its headquarters located in San Jose, California, is an aerospace company. The Company is designing and developing electric vertical takeoff and landing (“eVTOL”) aircraft for use in urban air mobility (“UAM”) networks. The Company’s mission is to unlock the skies, freeing everyone to reimagine how they move and spend time.
The Company’s Planned Lines of Business

Upon receipt of all necessary Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) certifications and any other government approvals necessary for the Company to manufacture and operate its aircraft, the Company intends to operate two complementary lines of business. The Company’s core focus is direct-to-consumer offerings (“Archer UAM”) with its secondary focus being business-to-business offerings (“Archer Direct”).

Archer UAM

The Company plans to operate its own UAM ecosystem initially in select major U.S. cities. The Company’s UAM ecosystem will operate using its eVTOL aircraft, which is currently in development.

Archer Direct

The Company also plans to selectively sell a certain amount of its eVTOL aircraft to third parties.
Business Combination

On September 16, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Archer Aviation Inc., a Delaware corporation (prior to the closing of the Business Combination (as defined below), “Legacy Archer”), Atlas Crest Investment Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Atlas”), and Artemis Acquisition Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas (“Merger Sub”), consummated the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, dated February 10, 2021, as amended and restated on July 29, 2021, by and among Atlas, Legacy Archer and Merger Sub (the “Business Combination Agreement”), following approval at a special meeting of the stockholders of Atlas held on September 14, 2021. Unless otherwise specified or unless the context otherwise requires, references in these notes to Legacy Archer refer to Archer prior to the Business Combination and references in these notes to “New Archer” refer to Archer following the Business Combination.
Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, a business combination of Legacy Archer and Atlas was effected by the merger of Merger Sub with and into Legacy Archer, with Legacy Archer surviving the merger (the “Surviving Entity”) as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas (the “Merger,” and, collectively with the other transactions described in the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”). Following the consummation of the Merger on the Closing Date, the Surviving Entity changed its name from Archer Aviation Inc. to Archer Aviation Operating Corp., and Atlas changed its name from Atlas Crest Investment Corp. to Archer Aviation Inc. and it became the successor registrant with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, the Class A common stock and public warrants of Atlas were listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “ACIC” and “ACIC WS,” respectively. New Archer Class A common stock and public warrants are currently listed on the NYSE under the symbols “ACHR” and “ACHR WS,” respectively.

The financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q reflect (i) the historical operating results of Legacy Archer prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of Atlas and Legacy Archer following the closing of the Business Combination; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Legacy Archer at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a global pandemic. The rapid spread of COVID-19 caused volatility and disruption in financial markets and prompted governments and businesses to take unprecedented measures such as travel restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business shutdowns. The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve due to, among other reasons, the emergence of additional variants or strains of COVID-19. As such, the full magnitude of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations is uncertain. Management continues to actively monitor the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce, but currently does not anticipate any material impairments as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to evaluate the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Note 2 - Liquidity and Going Concern
Since the Company’s formation, the Company has devoted substantial effort and capital resources to the design and development of its planned eVTOL aircraft and UAM network. Funding of these activities has primarily been through the net proceeds received from the issuance of related and third-party debt (Note 6), and the sale of preferred and common stock to related and third parties (Note 8). Through September 30, 2022, the Company has incurred cumulative losses from operations, negative cash flows from operating activities, and has an accumulated deficit of $595.5 million. Following the closing of the Business Combination on the Closing Date, the Company received net cash proceeds of $801.8 million. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $112.5 million and short-term investments in marketable securities of $488.1 million, which management believes will be sufficient to fund the Company’s current operating plan for at least the next 12 months from the date these consolidated condensed financial statements were issued.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in achieving its business plans, that the Company’s current capital will be sufficient to support its ongoing business plans, or that any additional financing will be available in a timely manner or on acceptable terms, if at all. If the Company’s business plans require it to raise additional capital, but the Company is unable to do so, it may be required to alter, or scale back its aircraft design, development and certification programs, as well as its manufacturing capabilities, or be unable to fund capital expenditures. Any such events would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and ability to achieve the Company’s intended business plans.
Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The December 31, 2021 consolidated condensed balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.
The Company has provided a discussion of significant accounting policies, estimates, and judgments in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements. There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies since December 31, 2021 which are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Retroactive Application of Reverse Recapitalization

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization of equity structure. Pursuant to U.S. GAAP, the Company retrospectively recast its weighted-average outstanding shares within the Company’s consolidated condensed
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. As part of the closing, all of Legacy Archer’s issued Series Seed redeemable convertible preferred stock and Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock were converted into Legacy Archer common stock, which were converted again, along with all other issued and outstanding common stock of Legacy Archer, into New Archer Class A common stock and New Archer Class B common stock. The basic and diluted weighted-average Legacy Archer common stock were retroactively converted to New Archer Class A common stock and New Archer Class B common stock to conform to the recast in the consolidated condensed statements of stockholders’ equity.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
Cash consists of cash on deposit with financial institutions. Cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid financial instruments that are readily convertible to cash and have maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents included money market funds of $59.5 million and commercial paper of $12.9 million. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents included money market funds of $0.3 million.
Restricted cash consists of cash held as security for the Company’s standby letters of credit to support three of the Company’s leased properties. Refer to Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies for further details.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported in the consolidated condensed balance sheets that sum to amounts reported on the statements of cash flows:
September 30,
2022		December 31,
2021
Cash and cash equivalents$112.5 $746.6 
Restricted cash2.9 0.3 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$115.4 $746.9 

Short-Term Investments
The Company has short-term investments in marketable securities with original maturities of less than one year, including U.S. Treasury securities, corporate debt securities and commercial paper. The Company classifies its marketable securities as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification at each balance sheet date. These marketable securities are carried at fair value, and unrealized gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive loss in the consolidated condensed statements of comprehensive loss, which is reflected as a component of stockholders’ equity. These marketable securities are assessed as to whether those with unrealized loss positions are other than temporarily impaired. The Company considers impairments to be other than temporary if they are related to deterioration in credit risk or if it is likely the securities will be sold before the recovery of their cost basis. Realized gains and losses from the sale of marketable securities and from declines in value deemed to be other than temporary are determined based on the specific identification method and recognized in other income, net in the consolidated condensed statements of operations.

Fair Value Measurements
The Company applies the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement, which defines a single authoritative definition of fair value, sets out a framework for measuring fair value and expands on required disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of ASC 820 relate to financial assets and liabilities as well as other assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis. The standard clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the standard establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.
Level 2Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
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Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Level 3Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.
The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash, accounts payable, accrued compensation, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:

As of September 30, 2022
DescriptionLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
(In millions)
Assets:
Cash Equivalents:
Money market funds$59.5 $— $— $59.5 
Commercial paper$— $12.9 $— $12.9 
Short-Term Investments:
U.S. Treasury securities$344.3 $— $— $344.3 
Corporate debt securities$— $19.9 $— $19.9 
Commercial paper$— $123.9 $— $123.9 
Liabilities:
Warrant Liability – Public Warrants$9.2 $— $— $9.2 
Warrant Liability – Private Placement Warrants$— $— $6.3 $6.3 

As of December 31, 2021
DescriptionLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
(In millions)
Assets:
Money market funds$0.3 $— $— $0.3 
Liabilities:
Warrant Liability – Public Warrants$20.2 $— $— $20.2 
Warrant Liability – Private Placement Warrants$— $— $10.1 $10.1 

Cash Equivalents

The Company’s cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid financial instruments that are readily convertible to cash and have maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. The Company classifies its money market funds as Level 1, because they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. The Company classifies its investments in commercial paper as Level 2, because they are valued using inputs other than quoted prices, which are directly or indirectly observable in the market, including readily available pricing sources for the identical underlying security which may not be actively traded.

Short-Term Investments

The Company’s short-term investments consist of high quality, investment grade marketable securities and are classified as available-for-sale. The Company classifies its investments in U.S. Treasury securities as Level 1, because they are valued using
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
quoted market prices in active markets. The Company classifies its investments in corporate debt securities and commercial paper as Level 2, because they are valued using inputs other than quoted prices which are directly or indirectly observable in the market, including readily available pricing sources for the identical underlying security which may not be actively traded.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments as of September 30, 2022:

As of September 30, 2022
DescriptionAmortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesFair Value
(In millions)
Cash Equivalents:
Money market funds$59.5 $— $— $59.5 
Commercial paper12.9 — — 12.9 
Short-Term Investments:
U.S. Treasury securities345.4 — (1.1)344.3 
Corporate debt securities20.0 — (0.1)19.9 
Commercial paper123.9 — — 123.9 
Total$561.7 $— $(1.2)$560.5 

The unrealized losses related to the Company’s short-term investments were primarily due to changes in interest rates and not due to increased credit risk or other valuation concerns. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had no other-than-temporary impairments.

Public Warrants

The measurement of the public warrants as of September 30, 2022 is classified as Level 1 due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market under the ticker “ACHR WS.” The quoted price of the public warrants was $0.53 per warrant as of September 30, 2022.
Private Placement Warrants
The Company utilizes a Monte Carlo simulation model for the private placement warrants at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated condensed statement of operations. The estimated fair value of the private placement warrant liability is determined using Level 3 inputs. Inherent in a binomial options pricing model and Monte Carlo simulation model are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield.
The key inputs into the Monte Carlo simulation model for the private placement warrants are as follows:
InputSeptember 30,
2022		December 31,
2021
Stock price$2.61 $6.04 
Strike price$11.50 $11.50 
Dividend yield0.00 %0.00 %
Term (in years)3.964.71
Volatility81.1 %45.3 %
Risk-free rate4.16 %1.22 %
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following table presents the change in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 private placement warrants during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in millions):

Balance as of December 31, 2021
$10.1 
Change in fair value(3.8)
Balance as of September 30, 2022
$6.3 

The Company recognized a loss of $0.1 million and a gain of $14.8 million in connection with changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities within other income, net in the consolidated condensed statement of operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 12 - Liability Classified Warrants for additional information about the public and private placement warrants.
Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Certain financial instruments, including debt, are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the consolidated condensed balance sheets. The fair value of debt as of September 30, 2022 approximates its carrying value.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
Certain assets and liabilities are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis if there are indicators of impairment or if they are deemed to be impaired as a result of an impairment review.
Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets consist solely of domain names and are recorded at cost, net of accumulated amortization, and if applicable, impairment charges. Amortization of domain names is provided over a 15-year estimated useful life on a straight-line basis or based on the pattern in which economic benefits are consumed, if reliably determinable. The Company reviews intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company has analyzed a variety of factors in light of the known impact to date of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business to determine if any circumstance could trigger an impairment loss, and, at this time and based on the information presently known, do not believe that it is more likely than not that an impairment loss has been incurred.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the net carrying amounts for domain names were $0.4 million and $0.5 million recorded in the Company’s consolidated condensed balance sheets, respectively.

Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. For all periods presented, the calculation of basic net loss per share excludes shares issued upon the early exercise of stock options where the vesting conditions have not been satisfied.
Because the Company reported net losses for all periods presented, diluted loss per share is the same as basic loss per share.
Contingently issuable shares, including equity awards with performance conditions, are considered outstanding common shares and included in basic net loss per share as of the date that all necessary conditions to earn the awards have been satisfied. Prior to the end of the contingency period, the number of contingently issuable shares included in diluted net loss per share is based on the number of shares, if any, that would be issuable under the terms of the arrangement at the end of the reporting period.
Because the Company reported net losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents are antidilutive and have been excluded from the calculation of net loss per share. The diluted net loss per common share was the same for Class A and Class B common shares because they are entitled to the same liquidation and dividend rights.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following table presents the number of antidilutive shares excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Options to purchase common stock5,973,985 10,296,564 5,973,985 10,296,564 
Unvested restricted stock units44,908,284 31,888,836 44,908,284 31,888,836 
Warrants30,558,565 32,519,357 30,558,565 32,519,357 
Total81,440,834 74,704,757 81,440,834 74,704,757 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by removing certain separation models in ASC 470-20, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options, for convertible instruments. The ASU updates the guidance on certain embedded conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital, such that those features are no longer required to be separated from the host contract. The convertible debt instruments will be accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost. Further, the ASU made amendments to the EPS guidance in Topic 260, Earnings Per Share, for convertible instruments, the most significant impact of which is requiring the use of the if-converted method for diluted EPS calculation, and no longer allowing the net share settlement method. The ASU also made revisions to Topic 815-40, which provides guidance on how an entity must determine whether a contract qualifies for a scope exception from derivative accounting. The amendments to Topic 815-40 change the scope of contracts that are recognized as assets or liabilities. The ASU is effective for public business entities, excluding smaller reporting companies, for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. Adoption of the ASU can either be on a modified retrospective or full retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

No other recently issued accounting pronouncements had or are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
Note 4 - Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in millions):
September 30,
2022		December 31,
2021
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment$1.3 $2.8 
Computer hardware4.8 2.5 
Computer software0.6 0.5 
Website design0.5 0.5 
Leasehold improvements2.6 1.0 
Construction in progress3.5 — 
Total property and equipment13.3 7.3 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(3.4)(1.4)
Total property and equipment, net$9.9 $5.9 
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following table presents depreciation expense included in each respective expense category in the consolidated condensed statements of operations (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Research and development$0.8 $0.3 $1.7 $0.5 
General and administrative0.2 0.1 0.6 0.3 
Total depreciation expense$1.0 $0.4 $2.3 $0.8 
Note 5 - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in millions):
September 30,
2022		December 31,
2021
Accrued professional fees$13.5 $6.9 
Accrued employee costs6.8 2.6 
Accrued parts and materials0.7 0.9 
Taxes payable0.3 0.6 
Accrued capital expenditures2.9 0.4 
Accrued marketing fees— 0.3 
Other current liabilities0.9 0.6 
Total$25.1 $12.3 
Note 6 - Notes Payable
Long-term notes payable consisted of the following (in millions):
September 30,
2022		December 31,
2021
Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) Term Loans$12.5 $20.0 
Term Loans unamortized discount and loan issuance costs(0.8)(1.2)
Total debt, net of discount and loan issuance costs11.7 18.8 
Less current portion, net of discount and loan issuance costs(9.4)(9.5)
Total long-term notes payable, net of discount and loan issuance costs$2.3 $9.3 

SVB Loan
On July 9, 2021, the Company, as the borrower, entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan and Security Agreement”) with SVB and SVB Innovation Credit Fund VIII, L.P. (“SVB Innovation”) as the lenders, and SVB as the collateral agent. The total principal amount of the loans is $20 million (the “Term Loans”), and all obligations due under the Term Loans are collateralized by all of the Company’s right, title, and interest in and to its specified personal property in favor of the collateral agent. The Term Loans include events of default and covenant provisions, whereby accelerated repayment may result if the Company were to default. On January 1, 2022, the Company began repaying the Term Loans, which are payable in 24 equal monthly installments, including principal and interest. The interest rate on the loans is a floating rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) 8.5% and (ii) the Prime Rate plus the Prime Rate Margin (each as defined in the Loan and Security Agreement), which increases by 2% per annum upon the occurrence of an event of default. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized interest expense of $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
Additionally, in conjunction with the issuance of the Term Loans, the Company issued 366,140 warrants to SVB and 366,140 warrants to SVB Innovation, totaling 732,280 warrants. The Company issued the warrants to the lenders as consideration for entering into the Term Loans, representing a loan issuance fee. Each warrant provides SVB and SVB Innovation with the right to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A common stock. The Company recorded the warrants as liabilities at their fair value and adjust the warrants to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized as a gain or loss in the Company’s consolidated condensed statements of operations. The initial offsetting entry to the warrant liability was a debt discount recorded to reflect the loan issuance fee. See Note 12 - Liability Classified Warrants for further details.

Upon the closing of the Business Combination, the SVB warrants became public warrants. The subsequent measurement of the SVB warrants as of September 30, 2022 is classified as Level 1 due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market under the ticker “ACHR WS.” The quoted price of the public warrants was $0.53 as of September 30, 2022.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized interest expense of $0.1 million and $0.4 million related to the amortization of the discount and issuance costs, respectively. The unamortized balance of the discount and issuance costs was $0.8 million as of September 30, 2022.
The future scheduled principal maturities of notes payable as of September 30, 2022 are as follows (in millions):

Remaining 2022
$2.5 
202310.0 
$12.5 
Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
The Company leases office, lab, hangar, and storage facilities under various operating lease agreements with lease periods expiring between 2022 and 2026 and generally containing periodic rent increases and various renewal and termination options.
On January 14, 2022, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with Forescout Technologies, Inc. The sublease is for approximately 96,000 rentable square feet of building space in the building located at 190 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, California, which serves as the Company’s corporate headquarters. The term of the sublease commenced on February 26, 2022 and will expire on October 31, 2026, with no right to extend. The Company is also responsible for certain other costs under the sublease, such as certain build-out expenses, operating expenses, taxes, assessments, insurance, and utilities.
On March 9, 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement with SIR Properties Trust. The lease is for approximately 68,000 rentable square feet of building space in the building located at 77 Rio Robles, San Jose, California. The Company intends that the premises will be used for lab space and a low rate initial production facility. The term of the lease commences 210 days after the landlord delivers possession of the premises to the Company, subject to certain demolition work being completed, and will expire 90 months thereafter, with an option for the Company to extend the term for one additional five-year period. Base rent payments due under the lease are expected to be approximately $15.0 million in the aggregate over the term of the lease. The Company is also responsible for certain other costs under the lease, such as certain build-out expenses, operating expenses, taxes, assessments, insurance, and utilities. However, the lease requires that the landlord shall provide the Company with an allowance that may be applied against certain of the Company’s build-out and moving expenses. As of September 30, 2022, the lease has not commenced.
The Company’s lease costs were as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Operating lease cost$1.5 $0.5 $4.1 $1.2 
Short-term lease cost0.1 — 0.1 — 
Total lease cost$1.6 $0.5 $4.2 $1.2 
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The Company’s weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate as of September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 were as follows:
20222021
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in months)4119
Weighted-average discount rate11.46 %10.81 %
The minimum aggregate future obligations under the Company’s non-cancelable operating leases as of September 30, 2022 were as follows (in millions):
Remaining 2022
$1.5 
20234.4 
20242.8 
20252.9 
20262.5 
Total future lease payments14.1 
Less: imputed interest(2.4)
Present value of future lease payments$11.7 
Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activities related to right-of-use assets and lease liabilities were as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Operating cash outflows from operating leases$0.9 $0.5 $2.7 $1.2 
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities$— $0.4 $9.4 $1.4 

Letters of Credit
On February 23, 2022, in conjunction with the sublease the Company entered into for its new corporate headquarters, the Company entered into a standby letter of credit in the amount of $1.5 million in favor of the lessor, to satisfy the security deposit or other obligations of the leased property. The standby letter of credit will be automatically reduced and renewed annually through February 1, 2026.
On March 31, 2022, in conjunction with the lease the Company entered into for its new lab space and low rate initial production facility, the Company entered into a standby letter of credit in the amount of $1.2 million in favor of the lessor, to satisfy the security deposit of the leased property. The standby letter of credit automatically renews annually through September 28, 2030.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company had standby letters of credit in the aggregate outstanding amount of $2.9 million, secured with restricted cash, to support three of the Company’s leased properties.
Litigation
During the ordinary course of the business, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings, various claims, and litigation. Such proceedings can be costly, time consuming, and unpredictable, and therefore, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of such proceedings will not materially impact financial condition or results of operations.
Wisk Litigation and Government Investigation
On April 6, 2021, Wisk Aero LLC (“Wisk”) brought a lawsuit against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (the “District Court”) alleging misappropriation of trade secrets and patent infringement. The Company has filed certain counterclaims for defamation, tortious interference and unfair competition.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
On May 19, 2021, Wisk filed a motion for preliminary injunction and expedited discovery. On June 23, 2021, the Company filed an opposition to the motion for preliminary injunction. On July 22, 2021, the District Court denied Wisk’s motion for preliminary injunction. On August 20, 2021, Wisk filed a notice of appeal of the District Court’s denial of the motion for preliminary injunction. On September 30, 2021, Wisk withdrew its notice of appeal of the District Court’s denial of the motion for preliminary injunction.

On January 19, 2022, the Company filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings to dismiss two of Wisk’s asserted patents as invalid, which the District Court granted on April 19, 2022. The District Court separately ordered Wisk to narrow its trade secret case to 10 of the 52 alleged trade secrets and its patent case to eight claims across all patents that remain in the case. The deadline for Wisk to do so pursuant to a modified case schedule entered by the District Court is November 30, 2022. A trial on Wisk’s claims and the Company’s counterclaims is currently scheduled to begin on August 14, 2023.

On April 6, 2022, the Company brought a lawsuit against The Boeing Company (“Boeing”) in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara (the “Superior Court”), asserting substantially the same claims set forth in the Company’s counterclaims against Wisk. On April 11, 2022, the Superior Court issued an order staying discovery and the responsive pleading deadline until after the case management conference set for August 2022. On September 6, 2022, the Superior Court entered an order approving the parties’ joint stipulation to stay the Company’s lawsuit against Boeing pending the resolution of the lawsuit between Wisk and the Company in the District Court.

The Company continues to strongly believe Wisk’s lawsuit is without merit. The Company will continue to vigorously defend itself against Wisk’s claims and pursue the Company’s counterclaims against Wisk and its claims against Boeing. Because these proceedings are still in the early stages, the Company cannot predict their outcome or impact on the Company and its business. As such, and in consideration of the above, the Company has concluded that a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is not probable or reasonably estimable under ASC 450, Contingencies, and therefore has not accrued any amounts related to the award of damages or settlement of this matter with Wisk. Therefore, a negative result in these proceedings could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, liquidity, operations, and cash flows.
Prior to Wisk bringing the lawsuit against the Company, on March 30, 2021, one of the Company’s employees, who is a former employee of Wisk, had a search warrant executed at his home in connection with a federal investigation. The Company placed this former Wisk employee on paid administrative leave in connection with this government investigation. In relation to the same investigation, the Company and three of its employees, who are also former Wisk employees, received grand jury subpoenas from the United States Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of California. On January 28, 2022, the U.S. Attorney’s Office informed the Company that, based on its review, it decided not to bring charges against this employee and does not intend to continue its investigation.
Note 8 - Preferred and Common Stock
Preferred Stock
As of September 30, 2022, no shares of preferred stock were outstanding, and the Company has no present plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.

Class A and Class B Common Stock
Except for voting rights and conversion rights, or as otherwise required by applicable law, the shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock have the same powers, preferences, and rights and rank equally, share ratable and are identical in all respects as to all matters. The rights, privileges, and preferences are as follows:
Voting

Holders of the Company’s Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders, and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders. The holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will generally vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, unless otherwise required by Delaware law or the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Dividends
Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to receive such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Company’s board of directors in its discretion out of funds legally available therefor. No dividends on common stock have been declared by the Company’s board of directors through September 30, 2022, and the Company does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
Preemptive Rights
Stockholders have no preemptive or other subscription rights and there are no sinking fund or redemption provisions applicable to Class A common stock and Class B common stock.
Conversion
Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of Class A common stock. In addition, each share of Class B common stock will automatically convert into one share of Class A common stock upon transfer to a non-authorized holder. In addition, Class B common stock is subject to “sunset” provisions, under which all shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into an equal number of shares of Class A common stock upon the earliest to occur of (i) the ten-year anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination, (ii) the date specified by the holders of two-thirds of the then outstanding Class B common stock, voting as a separate class, and (iii) when the number of Class B common stock represents less than 10% of the aggregate number of Class A common stock and Class B common stock then outstanding. In addition, each share of Class B common stock will automatically convert into an equal number of Class A common stock upon the earliest to occur of (a) in the case of a founder of the Company, the date that is nine months following the death or incapacity of such founder, and, in the case of any other holder, the date of the death or incapacity of such holder, (b) in the case of a founder of the Company, the date that is 12 months following the date that such founder ceases to provide services to the Company and its subsidiaries as an executive officer, employee or director of the Company, and, in the case of any other holder, immediately at the occurrence of any such event, and (c) in the case of a founder of the Company or any other holder, at least 80% (subject to customary capitalization adjustments) of the Class B common stock held by such founder or holder (on a fully as converted/as exercised basis) as of immediately following the closing of the Business Combination having been transferred (subject to exceptions for certain permitted transfers).
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 1,182,629 and 7,131,170 shares of Class B common stock were converted into Class A common stock, respectively.
Liquidation
In the event of the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up, subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of the Company’s common stock will be entitled to receive an equal amount per share of all of the Company’s assets of whatever kind available for distribution to stockholders, after the rights of the holders of any preferred stock have been satisfied.
Note 9 - Stock-Based Compensation
Amended and Restated 2021 Plan
In August 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), which was approved by the stockholders of the Company in September 2021 and became effective immediately upon the closing of the Business Combination. In April 2022, the Company amended and restated the 2021 Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2021 Plan”), which was approved by the stockholders of the Company in June 2022. The aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock that may be issued under the plan increased to 34,175,708. In addition, the number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan will automatically increase on January 1st of each year following this amendment, starting on January 1, 2023 and ending on (and including) January 1, 2031, in an amount equal to the lesser of (1) 5.0% of the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding year, or (2) a lesser number of Class A common stock determined by the board of directors prior to the date of the increase. The Amended and Restated 2021 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights,
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards, and other awards to employees, directors, and non-employees.

In connection with the adoption of the 2021 Plan, the Company ceased issuing awards under its 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). Following the closing of the Business Combination, the Company assumed the outstanding stock options under the 2019 Plan and converted such stock options into options to purchase the Company’s common stock. Such stock options will continue to be governed by the terms of the 2019 Plan and the stock option agreements thereunder, until such outstanding options are exercised or until they terminate or expire.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which became effective immediately upon the closing of the Business Combination. The ESPP permits eligible employees to purchase shares of Class A common stock at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of Class A common stock on the first day of an offering or on the date of purchase. The maximum number of shares of Class A common stock that may be issued under the ESPP will not exceed 4,969,059 shares. Additionally, the number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase on January 1st of each year, beginning on January 1, 2022 and continuing through and including January 1, 2031, by the lesser of (i) 1.0% of the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year; (ii) 9,938,118 shares of Class A common stock; or (iii) such lesser number of shares of the Company as determined by the board of directors. In accordance therewith, the number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP increased by 1,627,895 on January 1, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, there have been no purchases under the ESPP, and therefore, no shares have been issued.

Quarterly Equity Awards
Subject to the achievement of certain performance goals established by the Company from time to time, the Company’s employees are eligible to receive an annual incentive bonus that will entitle them to a quarterly grant of a number of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) determined by dividing 25% of the annual bonus target amount by the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the date of grant. The RSUs will be fully vested on the date of grant. Furthermore, all the quarterly equity awards are contingent and issued only upon approval by the Company’s board of directors. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $2.6 million and $6.6 million related to these quarterly equity awards, respectively.

Stock Options
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(In millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 20229,444,221 $0.12 8.66$55.9 
Exercised(3,006,143)$0.13 $11.2 
Expired/forfeited(464,093)$0.11 
Outstanding as of September 30, 2022
5,973,985 $0.12 7.89$14.9 
Exercisable as of September 30, 2022
1,102,164 $0.12 7.92$2.7 
Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2022
5,973,985 $0.12 7.89$14.9 
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $0.9 million and $3.0 million for stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $1.0 million and $2.9 million for stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

As of September 30, 2022, the total remaining stock-based compensation expense for unvested stock options was $9.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Restricted Stock Units
A summary of the Company’s RSU activity is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Grant Price
Outstanding as of January 1, 202236,249,396 $6.53 
Granted11,048,502 $3.54 
Vested(2,860,299)$5.38 
Forfeited(1,404,315)$7.05 
Outstanding as of September 30, 2022
43,033,284 $5.82 
In September 2022, the Company granted 354,879 RSUs under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan. The RSUs generally vest over a three- or four-year period with a straight-line vesting and a 33% or 25% one-year cliff and remain subject to forfeiture if vesting conditions are not met. Upon vesting, RSUs are settled in Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The shares of Class A common stock underlying RSU grants are not issued and outstanding until the applicable vesting date.
In August 2022, the Company granted 435,814 RSUs under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan, representing the quarterly equity awards for the Company’s second fiscal quarter of 2022. The RSUs were fully vested on the date of grant and settled in Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. In addition, the Company granted 910,196 RSUs under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan. The RSUs generally vest over a three- or four-year period with a straight-line vesting and a 33% or 25% one-year cliff and remain subject to forfeiture if vesting conditions are not met. Upon vesting, RSUs are settled in Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The shares of Class A common stock underlying RSU grants are not issued and outstanding until the applicable vesting date.
In July 2022, the Company granted 2,151,639 RSUs under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan. The RSUs vest over three and a half years with a straight-line vesting and remain subject to forfeiture if vesting conditions are not met. Upon vesting, RSUs are settled in Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The shares of Class A common stock underlying RSU grants are not issued and outstanding until the applicable vesting date. In addition, the Company granted 1,863,655 RSUs under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan. The RSUs generally vest over a three- or four-year period with a straight-line vesting and a 33% or 25% one-year cliff and remain subject to forfeiture if vesting conditions are not met. Upon vesting, RSUs are settled in Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The shares of Class A common stock underlying RSU grants are not issued and outstanding until the applicable vesting date.
In May 2022, the Company granted 437,708 RSUs under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan, representing the quarterly equity awards for the Company’s first fiscal quarter of 2022. The RSUs were fully vested on the date of grant and settled in Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis.
In April 2022, the Company granted 2,798,312 RSUs under the 2021 Plan. The RSUs generally vest over a three- or four-year period with a straight-line vesting and a 33% or 25% one-year cliff and remain subject to forfeiture if vesting conditions are not met. Upon vesting, RSUs are settled in Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The shares of Class A common stock underlying RSU grants are not issued and outstanding until the applicable vesting date.
In February 2022, the Company granted 1,462,209 RSUs under the 2021 Plan. The RSUs generally vest over a three- or four-year period with a straight-line vesting and a 33% or 25% one-year cliff and remain subject to forfeiture if vesting conditions are not met. Upon vesting, RSUs are settled in Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The shares of Class A common stock underlying RSU grants are not issued and outstanding until the applicable vesting date.

Immediately prior to closing of the Business Combination, each of the Company’s founders was granted 20,009,224 RSUs under the 2019 Plan pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement (the “Founder Grants”). Considering each of the founder’s existing equity ownership and assuming the Founder Grants fully vest, it would result in each of the founders owning approximately 18% of all outstanding shares of the Total Outstanding Capitalization of the Company (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement). One-quarter of each Founder Grant vests upon the achievement of the earlier to occur of (i) a price-based milestone or (ii) a performance-based milestone, with a different set of such price and
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
performance-based milestones applying to each quarter of each Founder Grant and so long as the achievement occurs within seven years following the closing of the Business Combination.

The Company accounts for the Founder Grants as four separate tranches, with each tranche consisting of two award grants, a performance award grant and market award grant. Each tranche vests when either the market condition or performance condition is satisfied (only one condition is satisfied). The Company determined the fair value of the performance award by utilizing the trading price on the Closing Date. When the applicable performance milestone is deemed probable of being achieved, the Company will recognize compensation expense for the portion earned to date over the requisite period. For the market award, the Company determined both the fair value and derived service period using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the Closing Date. The Company will recognize compensation expense for the market award on a straight-line basis over the derived service period. If the applicable performance condition is not probable of being achieved, compensation cost for the value of the award incorporating the market condition is recognized, so long as the requisite service is provided. If the performance milestone becomes probable of being achieved, the full fair value of the award will be recognized, and any remaining expense for the market award will be canceled.

One-quarter of each Founder Grant, totaling 5,002,306 shares each of Class B common stock, vested immediately prior to the Closing Date pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement. On April 14, 2022, the vested 5,002,306 shares of Class B common stock of Brett Adcock, the Company’s co-founder and former co-CEO, were cancelled. Following the separation of Mr. Adcock from the Company on April 13, 2022 (the “Separation Date”), Mr. Adcock’s unvested 15,006,918 shares of Class B common stock for the remaining three tranches remain outstanding and eligible for vesting upon the achievement of the milestones as described above for 15 months from the Separation Date pursuant to the original terms of the Founder Grants.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $16.3 million and $48.5 million of stock-based compensation expense, respectively, for the amortized portion of the market award for the remaining three tranches in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated condensed statements of operations. For each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $101.7 million of stock-based compensation expense primarily for the vesting of the first tranche in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated condensed statements of operations.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $5.4 million and $16.5 million of stock-based compensation expense, respectively, related to RSUs (excluding the Founder Grants). For each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded less than $0.1 million of stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs (excluding the Founder Grants).

As of September 30, 2022, the total remaining stock-based compensation expense for unvested RSUs (including the Founder Grants) was $282.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.

The Company records stock-based compensation expense for stock-based compensation awards based on the fair value on the date of grant. The stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the course of the requisite service period.

The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and will record stock-based compensation expense assuming all stockholders will complete the requisite service period. If an employee forfeits an award because they fail to complete the requisite service period, the Company will reverse stock-based compensation expense previously recognized in the period the award is forfeited.
The following table presents stock-based compensation expense included in each respective expense category in the consolidated condensed statements of operations (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Research and development$6.7 $0.8 $19.0 $2.2 
General and administrative19.5 102.0 57.3 102.5 
Total stock-based compensation expense$26.2 $102.8 $76.3 $104.7 

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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Warrants
A summary of the Company’s warrant activity is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(In millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 20228,644,932 $0.01 8.87$52.1 
Issued91,667 $0.01 
Exercised— $— $— 
Outstanding as of September 30, 2022
8,736,599 $0.01 8.09$22.7 
Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2022
3,576,981 $0.01 4.85$9.3 
United Airlines
On January 29, 2021, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement (the “United Purchase Agreement”), Collaboration Agreement (the “United Collaboration Agreement”), and Warrant to Purchase Shares Agreement (the “United Warrant Agreement”) with United Airlines, Inc. (“United”). Under the terms of the United Purchase Agreement, United has a conditional purchase order for up to 200 of the Company’s aircraft, with an option to purchase an additional 100 aircraft. Those purchases are conditioned upon the Company meeting certain conditions that include, but are not limited to, the certification of the Company’s aircraft by the FAA and further negotiation and reaching of mutual agreement on certain material terms related to the purchases. The Company issued 14,741,764 warrants to United to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. Each warrant provides United with the right to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The warrants were initially expected to vest in four installments in accordance with the following milestones: the execution of the United Purchase Agreement and the United Collaboration Agreement, the completion of the Business Combination, the certification of the aircraft by the FAA, and the sale of aircraft to United.
On August 9, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the United Purchase Agreement (the “Amended United Purchase Agreement”) and Amendment No. 1 to the United Warrant Agreement (the “Amended United Warrant Agreement”). In association with the Amended United Purchase Agreement, the Company received a $10.0 million pre-delivery payment from United for 100 of the Company’s aircraft (the “Pre-Delivery Payment”), which was recognized as a contract liability in other long-term liabilities in the Company’s consolidated condensed balance sheets. Pursuant to the Amended United Warrant Agreement, the vesting condition of the fourth milestone of the United Warrant Agreement was modified, and the warrants now vest in four installments in accordance with the following sub-milestones: (i) 737,088 warrants vested upon receipt by the Company of the Pre-Delivery Payment on August 9, 2022; (ii) 2,211,264 warrants shall vest on February 9, 2023 upon the six-month anniversary of the amendment date; (iii) 3,685.45 warrants shall vest upon the acceptance and delivery of each of the Company’s 160 aircraft; and (iv) 22,112.65 warrants shall vest upon the acceptance and delivery of each of the Company’s 40 aircraft.
The Company accounts for the Amended United Purchase Agreement and the United Collaboration Agreement under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company identified the sale of each aircraft ordered by United as a separate performance obligation in the contract. As the performance obligations have not been satisfied, the Company has not recognized any revenue as of September 30, 2022.
With respect to the warrant vesting milestones outlined above, the Company accounts for them as consideration payable to a customer under ASC 606 related to the future purchase of aircraft by United. Pursuant to ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation, the Company measured the grant date fair value of the warrants to be recognized upon the achievement of each of the original four milestones and the vesting of the related warrants. The Company determined that the warrants will be classified as equity awards based on the criteria of ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 718.
For the first milestone, issuance of the warrants in conjunction with the execution of the United Purchase Agreement and the United Collaboration Agreement, the Company recorded the grant date fair value of the respective warrant tranche at the vesting date upon satisfaction of the milestone, and the related costs were recorded in other warrant expense due to the absence of historical or probable future revenue. For the second milestone, the completion of the Business Combination transaction, the
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
related costs were also recorded in other warrant expense due to the absence of historical or probable future revenue. For the third milestone, the certification of the aircraft by the FAA, the Company will assess whether it is probable that the award will vest at the end of every reporting period. If and when the award is deemed probable of vesting, the Company will begin capitalizing the grant date fair value of the associated warrants as an asset through the vesting date and subsequently amortize the asset as a reduction to revenue as it sells the new aircraft to United.
For the original fourth milestone, the sale of aircraft to United, the Company was initially expected to record the cost associated with the vesting of each portion of warrants within this milestone as a reduction of the transaction price as revenue is recognized for each sale of the aircraft. In connection with the Amended United Warrant Agreement, the Company evaluated the accounting implications associated with the amendment to the fourth milestone in accordance with ASC 606 and ASC 718. For the first sub-milestone, the receipt of the Pre-Delivery Payment, the Company accounted for it as a modification under ASC 718 and recorded the modification date fair value of the associated warrants in other warrant expense upon satisfaction of the sub-milestone on August 9, 2022. For the second sub-milestone, the vesting of warrants on February 9, 2023, the Company accounted for it as a modification under ASC 718 and will record the modification date fair value of the associated warrants in other warrant expense on a straight-line basis over six months following the amendment date. The modification date fair value of each warrant associated with the first and second sub-milestones was determined to be $4.37, which was the stock price of the Company’s Class A common stock at the modification date. For the third and fourth sub-milestones, the sale of 160 aircraft and 40 aircraft, respectively, the Company determined that the amendment does not represent a modification under ASC 718. The Company will record the cost associated with the vesting of each portion of the associated warrants as a reduction of the transaction price based on the original grant date fair value as revenue is recognized for each sale of the aircraft.
For each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $6.0 million in other warrant expense in the consolidated condensed statements of operations related to the first two sub-milestones under the fourth milestone, and a total of 737,088 warrants vested from achievement of the first sub-milestone under the fourth milestone.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $39.1 million and $117.3 million in other warrant expense in the consolidated condensed statements of operations, respectively, related to the achievement of the first two milestones. A total of 8,845,058 warrants vested from achievement of the first two milestones and were exercised during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.
FCA US LLC
On November 6, 2020, the Company entered into a Collaboration Agreement with FCA US LLC (“FCA”) (the “FCA Collaboration Agreement”), in which both parties agreed to work together to complete a series of fixed duration collaboration projects related to the Company’s ongoing efforts to design, develop, and bring up production capabilities for its aircraft. The Company issued a warrant to FCA on November 6, 2020, in which FCA has the right to purchase up to 1,671,202 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of a stock dividend, stock split, combination, or other similar recapitalization). Shares under the warrant vest based on the completion of specific aircraft development milestones identified under the FCA Collaboration Agreement.
As the Company is currently in pre-revenue stage and is not generating any revenue from the FCA Collaboration Agreement, all costs incurred with third parties are recorded based on the nature of the cost incurred. The Company accounts for the warrant in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. The Company will assess whether it is probable that the award will vest for each of the seven milestones at the end of every reporting period. If and when the award is deemed probable of vesting, the Company will recognize compensation expense for the portion of the grant determined probable of vesting on a straight-line basis over the duration of each milestone. If services had been provided by FCA prior to management determining the milestone is probable of being achieved, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recorded for services performed in prior periods. Costs incurred under the FCA Collaboration Agreement and warrant are associated with the design, development, and bring up of production for the Company’s aircraft. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded less than $0.1 million of research and development expense in the consolidated condensed statements of operations related to the completion of certain milestones. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $0.1 million of research and development expense in the consolidated condensed statements of operations related to the completion of certain milestones. As of September 30, 2022, all of the seven milestones have been completed, amounting to 1,671,202 shares that have vested.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
FCA Italy S.p.A.
On July 19, 2021, the Company entered into a Manufacturing Consulting Agreement with an affiliate of FCA, FCA Italy S.p.A. (“FCA Italy”) (the “Manufacturing Consulting Agreement”), in which both parties agreed to work together to complete a series of fixed duration projects to develop manufacturing and production processes in connection with the Company’s ongoing efforts to bring up production capabilities for its aircraft. In conjunction with the Manufacturing Consulting Agreement, the Company issued a warrant to FCA Italy, in which FCA Italy has the right to purchase up to 1,077,024 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The shares underlying the warrant vest in two equal installments in accordance with two time-based milestones.

The Company accounts for the warrant in accordance with ASC 718. The Company recognized compensation cost for half of the shares that were fully vested upon execution of the Manufacturing Consulting Agreement. The Company recognized compensation cost for the remaining half of the warrant as the related services were received from FCA Italy on a straight-line basis over the service period of 12 months. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $0.4 million and $2.8 million of research and development expense, respectively, in the consolidated condensed statements of operations related to services received during the periods for the second milestone. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $5.6 million of research and development expense in the consolidated condensed statements of operations related to the achievement of the first milestone and services received during the periods for the second milestone. As of September 30, 2022, both of the milestones have been completed, amounting to 1,077,024 shares that have vested.
Note 10 - Income Taxes
The Company recognized zero income tax expense for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and zero and less than $0.1 million of income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, resulting in an effective tax rate of 0%. The effective tax rate is different from the federal statutory tax rate primarily due to a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period in which those temporary differences become deductible. Based upon the analysis of federal and state deferred tax balances, future tax projections, and the Company’s lack of taxable income in the carryback period, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against the federal and state deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2022 and 2021.
On August 16, 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. The Company does not currently expect the Inflation Reduction Act to impact its estimated effective tax rate due to a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.
Note 11 - 401(k) Savings Plan
The Company maintains a 401(k) savings plan for the benefit of its employees. The Company makes matching contributions equal to 50% of each employee contribution, subject to the maximum amount established by the Internal Revenue Service. All current employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) savings plan. The Company’s matching contributions were approximately $0.5 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
Note 12 - Liability Classified Warrants
As of September 30, 2022, there were 17,398,947 public warrants outstanding. Public warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares are issued upon exercise of the public warrants. The public warrants became exercisable on October 30, 2021, 12 months after the closing of the initial public offering of Atlas. The public warrants will expire five years from the consummation of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

Once the public warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the public warrants for redemption:

• in whole and not in part;
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)

• at a price of $0.01 per public warrant;

• upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder; and

• if, and only if, the closing price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period commencing after the warrants become exercisable and ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If and when the warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption right even if the Company is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws.

Each public warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. The exercise price and number of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. The public warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of Class A common stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the public warrants.

As of September 30, 2022, there were 8,000,000 private placement warrants outstanding. The private placement warrants are identical to the public warrants underlying the shares sold in the initial public offering of Atlas, except that the private placement warrants and the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the private placement warrants became transferable, assignable, and salable on October 16, 2021, 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the private placement warrants will be exercisable on a cashless basis and will be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the private placement warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the private placement warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the public warrants.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Quarterly Report includes forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. See the section titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report. Our actual results could differ materially from such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to those differences include, but are not limited to, those set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report and in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Q1 2022 10-Q, which are restated under “Risk Factors” in our Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1 filed with the SEC on July 1, 2022. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and the audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 set forth in our Annual Report.
Overview
We are designing and developing electric vertical takeoff and landing (“eVTOL”) aircraft for use in urban air mobility (“UAM”) networks. Our mission is to unlock the skies, freeing everyone to reimagine how they move and spend time.

Our eVTOL aircraft will be fully electric and will emit zero carbon emissions during operations. The goal of our eVTOL aircraft design is to maximize safety while minimizing operating costs and noise. We look to accomplish that goal through the use of a distributed electric propulsion system with inherent redundancy and far fewer parts than a typical internal combustion propulsion system found in similarly sized aircraft or rotorcraft today. The reduced number of parts not only translates into fewer critical parts on the aircraft from a safety perspective, but will also significantly reduce the maintenance requirements versus internal combustion propulsion systems found in similarly sized aircraft and rotorcraft today.

We continue to work to optimize our eVTOL aircraft design for both manufacturing and certification by using advancements in key enabling technologies such as high-energy batteries, high-performance electric motors, an advanced fly-by-wire flight control system, and a lightweight and efficient aircraft structure.

The development of an eVTOL aircraft that meets our business requirements demands significant design and development efforts on all facets of the aircraft. We believe that by bringing together a mix of talent with eVTOL, traditional aerospace and automotive backgrounds, we are building a team that will allow us to move through the design, development, and certification of our eVTOL aircraft with the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) in an efficient manner, thus allowing us to achieve our end goal of getting to commercialization as soon as possible.
Our Planned Lines of Business

Upon receipt of all necessary FAA certifications and any other government approvals necessary for us to manufacture and operate our aircraft, we intend to operate two complementary lines of business. Our core focus is direct-to-consumer offerings (“Archer UAM”) with our secondary focus being business-to-business offerings (“Archer Direct”).

Archer UAM

We plan to operate our own UAM ecosystem initially in select major U.S. cities. Our UAM ecosystem will operate using our eVTOL aircraft, which is currently in development. We project that the cost to manufacture and operate our eVTOL aircraft will be such that it will be able to enter the UAM ride-sharing market at a price point that is competitive with ground-based ride sharing services today. We will continue to evaluate our go-to-market strategy based on, among other things, estimated demand, readiness of the required infrastructure, and the scale of our UAM aircraft fleet.

Archer Direct

We also plan to selectively sell a certain amount of our eVTOL aircraft to third parties. We have entered into a Purchase Agreement (the “United Purchase Agreement”) with United Airlines, Inc. (“United”) for the conditional purchase of up to $1 billion worth of aircraft, with an option for another $500 million worth of aircraft. We will look to determine the right mix of selling our eVTOL aircraft versus using them as part of our UAM ecosystem based on, among other factors, our capital needs, our volume of manufacturing, our ability to ramp Archer UAM operations, and the purchase demand from our Archer Direct customers.

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To date, we have not generated any revenue from either of these planned categories, as we continue to design, develop, and seek the governmental approvals necessary to operate our eVTOL aircraft and Archer UAM. We will use the net proceeds from the Business Combination for the foreseeable future to continue to fund our efforts to bring our eVTOL aircraft to market. The amount and timing of any future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the pace and results of the design and development of our aircraft and manufacturing operations, as well as our progress in obtaining necessary FAA certifications and other government approvals. For example, any significant delays in obtaining such FAA certifications and other government approvals will likely require us to raise additional capital above our existing cash on hand and delay our generation of revenues.
Business Combination

On September 16, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Archer Aviation Inc., a Delaware corporation (prior to the closing of the Business Combination (as defined below), “Legacy Archer”), Atlas Crest Investment Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Atlas”), and Artemis Acquisition Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas (“Merger Sub”), consummated the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, dated February 10, 2021, as amended and restated on July 29, 2021, by and among Atlas, Legacy Archer and Merger Sub (the “Business Combination Agreement”), following approval at a special meeting of the stockholders of Atlas held on September 14, 2021. Unless otherwise specified or unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to Legacy Archer refer to Archer prior to the Business Combination and references herein to “New Archer” refer to Archer following the Business Combination.
Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, a business combination of Legacy Archer and Atlas was effected by the merger of Merger Sub with and into Legacy Archer, with Legacy Archer surviving the merger (the “Surviving Entity”) as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas (the “Merger,” and, collectively with the other transactions described in the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”). Following the consummation of the Merger on the Closing Date, the Surviving Entity changed its name from Archer Aviation Inc. to Archer Aviation Operating Corp., and Atlas changed its name from Atlas Crest Investment Corp. to Archer Aviation Inc. and it became the successor registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, Atlas’ Class A common stock and public warrants of Atlas were listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “ACIC” and “ACIC WS,” respectively. Our Class A common stock and public warrants are currently listed on the NYSE under the symbols “ACHR” and “ACHR WS,” respectively.
Impact of the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a global pandemic. The rapid spread of COVID-19 caused volatility and disruption in financial markets and prompted governments and businesses to take unprecedented measures such as travel restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business shutdowns. The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve due to, among other reasons, the emergence of additional variants or strains of COVID-19. As such, the full magnitude of the ongoing pandemic’s effect on our financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations is uncertain. Management continues to actively monitor our financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce, but currently does not anticipate any material impairments as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on an ongoing basis. See Part I Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report and Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Q1 2022 10-Q for more information.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue

We are still working to design, develop, certify, and bring up manufacturing of our eVTOL aircraft and thus have not generated any revenues from either of our planned lines of business. We do not expect to begin generating significant revenues until we are able to complete the design, development, certification, and bring up of manufacturing of our eVTOL aircraft.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

Research and development activities represent a significant part of our business. Our research and development efforts focus on the design and development of our eVTOL aircraft, including certain of the systems that are used in it. As part of those activities, we continue to work closely with the FAA towards our goal of achieving certification of our eVTOL aircraft on an
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efficient timeline. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs (including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation) for employees focused on research and development activities, costs associated with developing and building prototype aircraft, associated facilities costs, and depreciation. We expect research and development expenses to increase significantly as we progress towards the certification and manufacturing of our eVTOL aircraft.

We cannot determine with certainty the timing, duration or the costs necessary to complete the design, development, certification, and manufacturing bring up of our eVTOL aircraft due to the inherently unpredictable nature of our research and development activities. Development timelines, the probability of success, and development costs may differ materially from expectations.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs (including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation) for employees associated with administrative services such as finance, legal, human resources, information technology, associated facilities costs, and depreciation. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars, primarily as a result of operating as a publicly-traded company, including expenses to comply with the rules and regulations applicable to publicly-traded companies, as well as additional expenses customary for a publicly-traded company, such as directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, and additional internal and external accounting and legal fees and expenses.

At this time, we are unable to estimate the costs of defending the ongoing Wisk Aero LLC (“Wisk”) litigation or any potential settlement or award of damages related thereto and thus, we have not established any related reserves. For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, see Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to the consolidated condensed financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Other Warrant Expense

Other warrant expense consists entirely of non-cash expense related to the vesting of warrants issued in conjunction with the execution of the United Purchase Agreement and the United Warrant Agreement.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net consists of miscellaneous income and expense items, including the change in fair value of our warrant liabilities.

Interest Income (Expense), Net

Interest income (expense), net primarily consists of interest income from our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in marketable securities, net of interest on notes payable.
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Results of Operations
The following tables set forth our consolidated condensed statements of operations for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,
20222021Change $Change %
(In millions)
Operating expenses:
Research and development (1)
$47.0 $23.1 $23.9 103 %
General and administrative (1)
40.8 114.1 (73.3)(64)%
Other warrant expense6.0 39.1 (33.1)(85)%
Total operating expenses93.8 176.3 (82.5)(47)%
Loss from operations(93.8)(176.3)82.5 (47)%
Other income, net1.3 0.1 1.2 1200 %
Interest income (expense), net1.5 (0.5)2.0 (400)%
Loss before income taxes(91.0)(176.7)85.7 (49)%
Net loss$(91.0)$(176.7)$85.7 (49)%

Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021Change $Change %
(In millions)
Operating expenses:
Research and development (1)
$112.3 $44.6 $67.7 152 %
General and administrative (1)
121.0 143.1 (22.1)(15)%
Other warrant expense6.0 117.3 (111.3)(95)%
Total operating expenses239.3 305.0 (65.7)(22)%
Loss from operations(239.3)(305.0)65.7 (22)%
Gain on forgiveness of PPP loan— 0.9 (0.9)(100)%
Other income, net15.8 0.1 15.7 15700 %
Interest income (expense), net1.6 (0.5)2.1 (420)%
Loss before income taxes(221.9)(304.5)82.6 (27)%
Net loss$(221.9)$(304.5)$82.6 (27)%

(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Research and development$6.7 $0.8 $19.0 $2.2 
General and administrative19.5 102.0 57.3 102.5 
Total stock-based compensation expense$26.2 $102.8 $76.3 $104.7 

Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased by $23.9 million, or 103%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period ended September 30, 2021, as we invested in people and materials to advance our technology development. Specifically, the increase was primarily due to an increase of $12.4 million in costs related to professional services and tools and materials to support our increased research and development activities, an increase of $7.9 million in personnel-related expenses due to a significant increase in our workforce from the prior year period and an increase of $5.9 million in stock-based compensation expense primarily related to new restricted stock units granted since the prior year period and 2022 quarterly bonus equity awards to be granted in the subsequent fiscal quarter. The increase was partially offset
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by a decrease of $5.2 million in warrant expenses related to the warrants issued to FCA Italy. See Note 9 - Stock-Based Compensation for further details on our stock-based compensation and warrants. The remainder of the increase was made up of other immaterial items.

Research and development expenses increased by $67.7 million, or 152%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $28.8 million in personnel-related expenses due to a significant increase in our workforce from the prior year period and an increase of $16.8 million in stock-based compensation expense primarily related to new restricted stock units granted since the prior year period and 2022 quarterly bonus equity awards. See Note 9 - Stock-Based Compensation for further details on our stock-based compensation. In addition, there was an increase of $16.8 million in costs related to professional services and tools and materials to support our increased research and development activities. The remainder of the increase was made up of other immaterial items.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses decreased by $73.3 million, or 64%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $85.4 million in stock-based compensation expense related to the restricted stock units granted to our founders immediately prior to closing of the Business Combination pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement (the “Founder Grants”). The decrease was partially offset by an increase of $3.5 million in professional service expenses mainly due to legal fees and expenses, an increase of $2.9 million in stock-based compensation expense primarily related to new restricted stock units granted since the prior year period and 2022 quarterly bonus equity awards to be granted in the subsequent fiscal quarter, and an increase of $2.5 million in personnel-related expenses due to a significant increase in our workforce from the prior year period. See Note 9 - Stock-Based Compensation for further details on our stock-based compensation. The remainder of the decrease was made up of other immaterial items.

General and administrative expenses decreased by $22.1 million, or 15%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $53.2 million in stock-based compensation expense related to the Founder Grants. The decrease was partially offset by an increase of $12.8 million in personnel-related expenses due to a significant increase in our workforce from the prior year period, an increase of $8.1 million in stock-based compensation expense primarily related to new restricted stock units granted since the prior year period and 2022 quarterly bonus equity awards, and an increase of $6.2 million in general and administrative expenses as we invested in people and infrastructure to support our growth and maturity as a public company. See Note 9 - Stock-Based Compensation for further details on our stock-based compensation. The remainder of the decrease was made up of other immaterial items.

Other Warrant Expense

Other warrant expense decreased by $33.1 million, or 85%, and $111.3 million, or 95%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in both of these periods was due to the vesting of United warrants associated with specific milestones. See Note 9 - Stock-Based Compensation for further details on our other warrant expense.

Gain on Forgiveness of PPP Loan

In April 2020, we obtained a loan of approximately $0.9 million pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under Division A, Title I of the CARES Act (the “PPP Loan”), with interest accruing on the PPP Loan at a rate of 0.98% per annum. In June 2021, we received forgiveness of the PPP Loan and accrued interest in full, resulting in a gain of $0.9 million recognized during the second fiscal quarter of 2021. There was no comparable activity during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net increased by $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a $1.4 million accretion and amortization income primarily related to our short-term investments. See Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

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Other income, net increased by $15.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period ended September 30, 2021. primarily due to a gain of $14.8 million recorded from a change in fair value of our warrant liabilities. See Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Interest Income (Expense), Net
Interest income (expense), net increased by $2.0 million and $2.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to interest income from our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in marketable securities, net of interest expense recognized for the Silicon Valley Bank term loans we entered into in July 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2022, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents of $112.5 million and short-term investments in marketable securities of $488.1 million. We have incurred net losses since our inception and to date have not generated any revenues. We expect to incur additional losses and higher operating expenses for the foreseeable future. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient for at least the next 12 months to meet our requirements and plans for cash, including meeting our working capital requirements and capital expenditure requirements.
In the long term, our ability to support our working capital and capital expenditure requirements will depend on many factors, including:
•the level of research and development expenses we incur as we continue to develop our eVTOL aircraft;
•capital expenditures needed to bring up our aircraft manufacturing capabilities, including for both the build out of our manufacturing facilities and component purchases necessary to build our aircraft;
•general and administrative expenses as we scale our operations; and
•sales, marketing and distribution expenses as we build, brand and market our eVTOL aircraft and UAM network.
Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from our business operations, we expect to finance our cash needs primarily through existing cash on hand.
The following includes our short-term and long-term material cash requirements from known contractual obligations as of September 30, 2022:
Notes Payable
We have short-term and long-term debt obligations of $10.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively. See Note 6 - Notes Payable to the consolidated condensed financial statements for further details on our debt.
Leases
We lease office, lab, hangar, and storage facilities in the normal course of business. Under our operating leases as noted in Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies to the consolidated condensed financial statements, we have current obligations of $5.1 million and long-term obligations of $9.0 million.
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Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021
(In millions)
Net cash used in operating activities$(133.2)$(59.5)
Net cash used in investing activities$(491.2)$(3.0)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities$(7.1)$822.1 
Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities
We continue to experience negative cash flows from operations as we are still working to design, develop, certify, and bring up manufacturing of our eVTOL aircraft and thus have not generated any revenues from either of our planned lines of business. Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly affected by our cash investments to support the growth of our research and development activities related to our eVTOL aircraft, as well as the general and administrative functions necessary to support those activities and operations as a publicly traded company. Our operating cash flows are also impacted by the working capital requirements to support growth and fluctuations in personnel-related expenditures, accounts payable, accrued interest and other current liabilities, and other current assets.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $133.2 million, resulting from a net loss of $221.9 million, adjusted for non-cash items consisting primarily of $76.3 million in stock-based compensation primarily related to the Founder Grants and $6.0 million in other warrant expense related to the United warrants (see Note 9 - Stock-Based Compensation), partially offset by a gain of $14.4 million primarily due to a change in fair value of our warrant liabilities. The net cash provided by changes in our net operating assets and liabilities of $13.3 million was primarily related to a $10.3 million increase in other long-term liabilities mainly due to the $10.0 million pre-delivery payment from United (see Note 9 - Stock-Based Compensation) and a $5.9 million increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities mainly due to legal fees and expenses, partially offset by a $3.2 million increase in prepaid expenses, primarily due to prepaid research and development-related expenses.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $59.5 million, resulting from a net loss of $304.5 million, adjusted for non-cash items consisting primarily of $117.3 million in other warrant expense related to the vesting of United warrants and $104.7 million in stock-based compensation primarily related to the vesting of one-quarter of the Founder Grants that were granted immediately prior to closing pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement. The net cash provided by changes in our net operating assets and liabilities of $16.2 million was primarily related to a $16.9 million increase in accounts payable mainly related to Wisk litigation costs, parts and materials used in our research and development activities, and advertising and marketing activities.
Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $491.2 million, driven by purchases of short-term investments of $487.6 million and purchases of property and equipment of $3.6 million within the period.
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $3.0 million, driven by purchases of property and equipment within the period.
Cash Flows (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $7.1 million, consisting of the repayment of the Silicon Valley Bank term loans for $7.5 million, offset by $0.4 million proceeds from the exercise of stock options.
Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $822.1 million, consisting primarily of $600.0 million in proceeds from the PIPE Financing, $201.8 million net proceeds from the Business Combination, and $20.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of debt.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated condensed financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated condensed financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and our actual results, our future financial statements will be affected.
For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” included under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report. There have been no material changes in our policies from those previously discussed in our Annual Report.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for a discussion about accounting pronouncements recently adopted and recently issued not yet adopted.
Credit Risk
Financial instruments, which subjects us to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. Our cash and cash equivalents are held at major financial institutions located in the United States of America. At times, cash account balances with any one financial institution may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits ($250 thousand per depositor per institution). Management believes the financial institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to cash and cash equivalents. Our short-term investments consist of high quality, investment grade marketable securities and are held at a major financial institution located in the United States. We have established guidelines regarding diversification of our investments and their maturities that are designed to preserve principal and achieve liquidity requirements. We review these guidelines and modify them as necessary based on updated liquidity needs and changes in our operations and financial position.
Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status

Section 107(b) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”) provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. Atlas initially elected, and now we have elected, to take advantage of the extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards and to adopt certain of the reduced disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies. As a result of the accounting standards election, we are not subject to the same implementation timeline for new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies which may make comparison of our financials to those of other public companies more difficult.
We have also elected to take advantage of some of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements of emerging growth companies pursuant to the JOBS Act so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and exemptions from the requirements of holding non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation and golden parachute payments.
Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our shares of common stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $250 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, and (2) our annual revenues equaled or exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year or the market value of our shares of common stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to market risk for changes in interest rates applicable to our short-term investments. We had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments in marketable securities totaling $603.5 million as of September 30, 2022. Cash equivalents and short-term investments were invested primarily in money market funds, U.S. Treasury securities, corporate debt securities and commercial paper. The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal and achieve liquidity requirements. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Due to the relatively short-term nature of our investment portfolio, a hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have had a material impact on the fair value of our portfolio for the periods presented.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation and as a result of the material weaknesses described below, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level.
However, after giving full consideration to these material weaknesses, and the additional analyses and other procedures that we performed to ensure that our consolidated condensed financial statements included in this Quarterly Report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, our management has concluded that our consolidated condensed financial statements included in this Quarterly Report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented.

Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual and interim financial statements will not be detected or prevented on a timely basis.

In connection with the preparation and audit of our financial statements, we identified certain control deficiencies in the design and operation of our internal control over financial reporting that constituted material weaknesses. The material weaknesses are:
▪We did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. We lack a sufficient number of trained professionals with (i) an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, training and experience to appropriately analyze, record and disclose accounting matters timely and accurately, and (ii) an appropriate level of knowledge and experience to establish effective processes and controls. Additionally, the limited personnel also resulted in an inability to consistently establish appropriate authorities and responsibilities in pursuit of financial reporting objectives, as demonstrated by, among other things, insufficient segregation of duties in our finance and accounting functions.

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The material weakness in the control environment contributed to the following additional material weaknesses:
▪We did not design and maintain an effective risk assessment process at a precise enough level to identify new and evolving risks of material misstatement in our financial statements. Specifically, changes to existing controls or the implementation of new controls have not been sufficient to respond to changes to the risks of material misstatement to financial reporting.
▪We did not design and maintain formal accounting policies, procedures and controls to achieve complete, accurate and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures, including controls over the preparation and review of business performance reviews, account reconciliations and journal entries.
▪We did not design and maintain effective controls over information technology (“IT”) general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of our financial statements. Specifically, we did not design and maintain:
•user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and that adequately restrict user and privileged access to financial applications, programs, and data to appropriate company personnel;
•program change management controls to ensure that IT program and data changes affecting financial IT applications and underlying accounting records are identified, tested, authorized, and implemented appropriately; and
•computer operations controls to ensure that data backups are authorized and monitored.
These material weaknesses resulted in immaterial audit adjustments to the research and development expense and property and equipment line items in our financial statements and related disclosures for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, a revision to our condensed financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2021 to reclassify certain costs within operating expenses from research and development expense to other warrant expense, and immaterial audit adjustments to the general and administrative expense line item and within current liabilities in our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures for the year ended December 31, 2021. Additionally, each of these material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of substantially all of our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

Remediation Measures

We are taking the necessary steps to remediate the material weaknesses to comply with Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Management, with the participation of the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors, is engaged in remedial activities to address the material weaknesses described above. Those remediation measures are ongoing and include the following:
▪We have prepared a remediation plan for each of the material weaknesses and intend to train process owners, develop new controls, enhance existing controls, evaluate process adoption, and monitor results;
▪We have hired a new Chief Financial Officer and have hired and plan to continue to hire additional accounting, human resources and payroll, and IT personnel to bolster our accounting and IT capabilities and capacity, and to establish and maintain our internal controls;
▪We designed and continue to implement controls to formalize roles and review responsibilities that align with our team’s skills and experience and designing and implementing formal controls over segregation of duties;
▪We have engaged third-party professionals to assist management in designing and implementing a formal risk assessment process to identify and evaluate changes in our business and the impact on our internal controls;
▪We are implementing formal processes, policies, and procedures supporting our financial close process, including establishing and reviewing thresholds for of business performance reviews, formalizing procedures over the review of financial statements, and creation of standard balance sheet reconciliation templates and journal entry controls;
▪We continue to design and implement IT general controls, including controls over the review and updating of user access rights and privileges and implementing more robust IT policies and procedures over change management, data backup authorization and computer operations; and
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▪We have launched a company-wide initiative to implement a new enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system that is expected to be capable of automating some of our manual financial reporting processes, enhancing our information technology control environment, and mitigating some of the internal control gaps and limitations that cannot be addressed by our current system.

We believe we are making progress toward achieving the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. The actions that we are taking are subject to ongoing senior management review, as well as Audit Committee oversight. We will not be able to conclude whether the steps we are taking will fully remediate these material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting until we have completed our remediation efforts and subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness. We may also conclude that additional measures may be required to remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, which may necessitate additional implementation and evaluation time. We will continue to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and take steps to remediate the known material weaknesses expeditiously.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We are taking actions to remediate the material weaknesses relating to our internal control over financial reporting. Except as otherwise described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, see Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to the consolidated condensed financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing in our securities involves risks. Risk factors describing the major risks to our business can be found under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report and in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Q1 2022 10-Q, which are restated under “Risk Factors” in our Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1 filed with the SEC on July 1, 2022. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described therein, together with all of the other information in this Quarterly Report, including Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated condensed financial statements and related notes, before deciding whether to purchase any of our securities. Our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to us or that we currently believe are not material. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. Unless otherwise indicated, references in these risk factors to our business being harmed will include harm to our business, reputation, brand, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In such event, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Use of Proceeds

On October 30, 2020, Atlas consummated its initial public offering of 50,000,000 units. The units were sold at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating total gross proceeds of $500.0 million from the initial public offering. The securities sold in the offering were registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) on a registration statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-249289). The registration statement became effective on October 27, 2020.

Simultaneously with the consummation of the initial public offering, Atlas consummated the sale of 8,000,000 private placement warrants, at a price of $1.50 per warrant, to Atlas Crest Investment LLC, generating gross proceeds to Atlas of $12.0 million. Such securities were issued pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

Atlas incurred $10.5 million in offering costs for its initial public offering including $10.0 million of underwriting fees and $0.5 million of other costs. Following the initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants, a total of $500.0 million was deposited into the trust account for the purpose of effecting an initial business combination. As of August 5, 2021, the record date of the Business Combination, there was $500.1 million held in the trust account. After deducting payments to existing Atlas unit holders of $242.2 million in connection with their exercise of redemption rights, the remainder of the trust account totaling $257.6 million is now held on our balance sheet to fund our operations and continued growth.

The Business Combination generated $857.6 million in gross cash proceeds, inclusive of $600.0 million in proceeds from the related private placement financing and $257.6 million transferred from the trust account. Total direct and incremental transaction costs aggregated $81.8 million, of which $10.9 million was expensed as part of the Business Combination, $55.8 million was recorded to APIC as equity issuance costs, and the remaining $15.1 million was settled through the issuance of shares of our Class A common stock.

There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds noted above from those disclosed in the final prospectus (File No. 333-254007), dated August 11, 2021, which was declared effective by the SEC on August 11, 2021.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.
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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information

None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
ExhibitDescription
10.1
31.1
31.2
32.1*
32.2*
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
____________________
*The certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report and are not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.



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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

ARCHER AVIATION INC.
November 10, 2022By:/s/ Mark Mesler
Mark Mesler
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)


40

Exhibit 10.1

AMENDMENT TO WARRANT TO PURCHASE SHARES
OF
ARCHER AVIATION INC.

This Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Warrant To Purchase Shares of Archer Aviation issued to United Airlines, Inc. on January 29, 2021 and assigned to United Airlines Ventures, Ltd. (the “Warrant”), is dated effective as of August 9, 2022 (the “Amendment Effective Date”) and is by and between Archer Aviation Inc. (the “Company”) and United Airlines Ventures, Ltd. ("United"), having its principal place of business at 233 S. Wacker Dr., Fifteenth Floor, Chicago, IL 60606. The Warrant was exercised as to those shares applicable to Milestone I prior to the closing of the Business Combination Agreement between Atlas Crest Investment Corp, the Company, and certain other parties (the “Business Combination”), and those shares applicable to Milestone II, Milestone III and Milestone IV were converted in connection with such Business Combination, pursuant to the Exchange Ratio, into a right to acquire 8,845,058 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock (the “Shares”). United has either exercised or assigned the portion of the Warrant representing the right to acquire 2,948,353 Shares upon the satisfaction of Milestone II, and another portion of the Warrant representing the right to acquire 1,474,176 Shares remains subject to vesting in connection with Milestone III, leaving the balance of the Warrant representing the right to acquire 4,422,529 Shares to vest in connection with Milestone IV.

In consideration of the mutual covenants and promises in this Amendment, the parties agree as follows:

1.    Amendment to Exhibit B, Vesting Terms. Pursuant to the “Vesting Terms” contained in Exhibit B to the Warrant, Milestone IV applies to 4,422,529 Shares underlying the unvested portion of the Warrant, of which 884,506 Shares (the “Mesa Shares”) are reserved for and subject to deduction from the Warrant in the event certain warrants are issued to Mesa Airlines, Inc. (“Mesa”) pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement by and among Mesa, United Airlines, Inc., Mesa Air Group, Inc., and the Company dated February 26, 2021 (the “Assignment Agreement”), and Milestone IV shall be amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows: 
“A. PDP Advance Payment: Of the remaining 4,422,529 Shares (collectively, the “Condition IV Shares”) underlying the unvested portion of the Warrant, the Warrant shall vest and become exercisable with respect to 737,088 Shares (the “Bucket A Shares”) upon the payment by United to the Company of $10,000,000 in accordance with the proviso set forth in Section 5.2 of the Purchase Agreement (as amended by Amendment 1 thereto);

B. Route Collaboration Agreement: The Warrant shall vest and become exercisable with respect to 2,211,264 Shares of the Condition IV Shares (the “Bucket B Shares”) upon the six-month anniversary of the Amendment Effective Date, during which six-month period the parties intend to negotiate toward the completion and effectiveness of a comprehensive collaboration agreement pertaining to the Company’s aircraft route development, site selection and related logistics.

C. Acceptance and Delivery of Firm Aircraft: The Warrant with respect to 589,671 Shares of the Condition IV Shares (the “Bucket C Shares”) shall vest and become exercisable as follows: 1/160th (or 3,685.45) of the Bucket C Shares shall vest and become exercisable upon the acceptance of delivery and final purchase by United (or its nominee as permitted under the Purchase Agreement) of each Firm Aircraft (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) as set forth in the Purchase Agreement; provided, however, that notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company is unable to deliver all Firm Aircraft on the date agreed pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (the “Outside Delivery Date”), and (x) either of the Purchase Agreement or the Collaboration Agreement is still in full force and effect, or (y) either such agreement is no longer in full force and effect due to the Company’s uncured material breach, then the Warrant as to all such remaining unvested Bucket C Shares underlying the Warrant as of such date shall automatically vest and become exercisable upon such Outside Delivery Date.

D. Acceptance and Delivery of Firm Aircraft on United Purchase Option Exercise: If United elects to exercise a United Purchase Option with respect to any Mesa Aircraft pursuant to Section
1



2.01(c) of the Assignment Agreement, the Warrant with respect to 884,506 shares (the “Bucket D Shares”) shall vest and become exercisable as follows: 1/40th of the Bucket D Shares (or 22,112.65 shares) underlying the Warrant shall vest and become exercisable by United upon the acceptance of delivery and final purchase by United (or its nominee as permitted under the Purchase Agreement) of each such Mesa Aircraft.”
2.     No Further Changes. Except as expressly provided by Section 1 of this Amendment, the provisions of the Warrant shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with the terms thereof. The words “this Warrant,” “herein,” “hereof” and other like words in the Warrant from and after the effective time of this Amendment shall mean and include the Warrant as amended hereby. The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that nothing in this Amendment shall affect Mesa’s rights and obligations under the Assignment Agreement.

3.    Governing Law. This Amendment shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflict of law provisions of any jurisdiction. ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIM OR ACTION ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT IS HEREBY WAIVED.

4.    Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which is deemed an original and all of which, taken together, constitutes a single enforceable agreement.

2



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Amendment has been executed by the parties hereto by their duly authorized representatives as of the date first above written.

UNITED AIRLINES VENTURES, LTD.        ARCHER AVIATION INC.        


By: /s/ Michael Leskinen                By: /s/ Adam Goldstein

Name:    Michael Leskinen                Name: Adam Goldstein
Title:    President                    Title: Chief Executive Officer



[Signature Page to Amendment to Warrant to Purchase Shares of Archer Aviation Inc.]


Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Adam Goldstein, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022, of Archer Aviation Inc. (the “registrant”);
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.





Exhibit 31.1

Date: November 10, 2022
/s/ Adam Goldstein
Adam Goldstein
Chief Executive Officer
 (Principal Executive Officer)


Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Mark Mesler, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022, of Archer Aviation Inc. (the “registrant”);
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.





Exhibit 31.2
Date: November 10, 2022
/s/ Mark Mesler
Mark Mesler
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)


Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Archer Aviation Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Adam Goldstein, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”); and
2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: November 10, 2022
/s/ Adam Goldstein
Adam Goldstein
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
This certification accompanies the Report to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.




Exhibit 32.2


CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Archer Aviation Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mark Mesler, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”); and
2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: November 10, 2022
/s/ Mark Mesler
Mark Mesler
Chief Financial Officer
 (Principal Financial Officer)
This certification accompanies the Report to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.